:

, 1249

, 2016 e

,,

................................................................................................................................................ 3

................................................................................................................................ 4
2.1

2.1.1

.............................................................................................................. 5

2.1.2

........................................................................................................ 5

2.1.3

..................................................................................................................... 5

2.1.4

............................................................................................................................... 5

2.1.5

...................................................................................................................................... 6

2.1.6

............................................................................................................... 6

2.1.7

.............................................................................................................. 7

2.2

........................................................................ 5

................................................................................................ 7

2.2.1

( ) .................................................... 7

2.2.2

............................................................ 8

............................................................................................................. 13
3.1

, .................................... 15

3.2

........................................................................................................................... 16

3.3

........................................................................................... 18

3.3.1

........................................................................................ 18

3.3.2

() ................................................................... 20

3.3.3

() .................................................................... 20

3.3.4

.................................................................................... 21

3.3.5

.................................................................................................... 22

3.3.6

................................................................................................ 22

3.4

.................................................................................................. 23

3.4.1

................................................................................. 23

3.4.2

................................................................................. 23

3.4.3

() ........................................................ 25

3.4.4

................................................................................... 26

3.4.5

........................................................................................................ 27

3.4.6

............................................................................ 27

3.4.7

() ............................................................................................ 28

3.4.8
-
.............................................................. 28
3.5

.................................. 29

,,
3.6

3.6.1

....................................................................... 30

3.6.2

................................................................................. 30

3.7

............................................................. 30

........................................................................... 31

3.7.1

........................................................................................................... 31

3.7.2

......................................................................................................................... 31

3.7.3

............................................................................................................................ 34

3.7.4

.............................................................................................................. 34

3.7.5

.................................................................................................. 34

3.7.6

LED ........................................................ 35

3.7.7

...................................................................................... 39

3.7.8

....................................................................................................................... 40

3.7.9

................................................................. 40

3.7.10

................................................................................................. 41

- RELUX ... 42
4.1

...................................................................................................... 42

4.2

..................................................................................................... 43

4.2.1

........................................................................................................... 44

4.2.2

................................................................................... 44

4.2.3

....................................................................................................... 45

................................................................................................................................... 50

............................................................................................................................... 51

,,

1

. , .
, , ,
.
.
, ,
, .
( 12 m2 ) , .
, ,
,
. ,
, .
j ,
j, .
, ,
. , .
, ,
,
.

. , ,
, .
. ,
.
80 100
km/h.


.
.
.
100 m .
,
, ,
.
.
.
,
,
.

,,

2

.
, . :
.
.
,
. , ,
, , () , , , ,
.
,
102 106 nm, - (100-400 nm),
(400-760 nm) (760-106 nm). ,
,
, 400-760 nm .
( ) .
()
, ()
. .
, ( ): (400-435 nm),
(435-500 nm), (500-565 nm), (565-600 nm), (600-630 nm)
(630-760 nm). ,
. [1]
, : ,
, , ,
, ; , ,
; ,
,
.

,

.

,,

2.1
,
.
,
. : , , .
2.1.1
, ,
, . ,
j .
( ) (: lm), .
:
EA

(2.1)

, [lx], [m2 ],
.
2.1.2

. , ,
, .
(cd).
2.1.3
() .
[lx]. , ,
j ,
. O
, .
lx

lm cd st

m2
m2

(2.2)

2.1.4
(L) j,
j j . j
j
j
. j cd/ m2 .

,,

2.1:

2.1.5
, .
, ,
.
, ,
.
, .
, x, y, z ,
. ,
,
.
2.1.6
,
.
.

( )
.

3300 (-), 3300 5300 , 5300
().

,,
2.1.7
, ,
,
.
.
(Ra),
.
,
.
e 100,
. .
. , 1 : 1 (Ra90) 1 (80 Ra<90)
, 2 60Ra<80, 3 40Ra<60, 4
20Ra<40.

2.2
,
:

2.2.1 ( )

.
, ,
. :
, ,
. .
(), 9:1.

(: lm/W).
. , 25 W, 612 lm/W, 10-25 lm/W.
1000 ( ).
. , 5%
, 5%
.
5% ( 5% , 85%
).
5-15% ,
. ( 2800 )
, Ra=100. ,

,,
( ) ,
. [1]
2.2.1.1

,
,
. (, ).
,
. .
250C, .
3200 , Ra=100,
25 lm/W. 2000 .
2.2.2
( )
, .
.
2.2.2.1 (p=0.1-1.3
Pa) -
,
( ). ,
. ( 2.2)

2.2

,,
, ,
. ,
. ( )
( ).
,
2.3, (
).

2.3

. , .
, ( 600
1000 V) .
.
38 mm,
80 lm/W.
26 mm ( ).
20,40 65 W, 600, 1200, 1500 mm, .
18, 36 58 W,
.
2 3.
, ,
( 1) (
26 mm, 100 lm/W).

. 7500 h,
3
.

,,
2.2.2.2 (p=310415105 Pa)

j,
, () ,
. ()
( ) .

2.4

,
.
25 k
. ,
, .
,
. , ,
( ).
, .
.

. ,
4000 , 45, 60 lm/W.

10

,,
5 min. ,
10 min, ,
. 8000 .
( )
. [1]

- ()

,
,
.
, , ,
.
( 100 lm/W),
(4000-4500 ), (~6000 ) (=3000 ).
65 85.
(
). , ,
, . ,
(600-700 V).
5 , 5-10 .
6000 h. 3500 W,
( ) , ,
. ,
- .
35-150 W, .
- .
, , ,
... [1]

11

,,

( ).
1000 C. ,
0.9
2000 , ,
- .
130 lm/W Ra=23.
, , ,
. , ,
, .
. .
( ).
(
), (). 5
10 , 1 . 12 000 .
,
( 150 lm/W), 16 000 . [1]
, ,
( ),
. .
,
.
, .

2.5

12

,,

3

, cd/m2 ,
.
, 1/10
.
,
. ,
.
, ,
, 20 .
, ,
, ( 2 ,
). [2]

3.1

3.2 [5]

13

,,
.
,
.
CIE
(CIE 88: 2004 Guide for the lighting of road tunnels and underpasses)
.
- :

( 100 m )
.

CIE , ,

.
,
. .
, ( ,
) ,
.

,
.
3.1 DIN 67524 [5]

(/)

( )
,

60

60

70

75

80

100

90

125

100

160

.
( , ,
).

14

,,

3.1 , [3]
1. (EC 54/2004).

Projektierungsrichtlinien:

2. RVS 09.02.30 (9.26) (Lftungsanlagen),

3. RVS 09.02.31 (9.261) (Grundlagen),
4. RVS 09.02.32 (9.262) (Luftbedarfsberechnung),
5. RVS 9.263 (09.02.33) (Immissionbelastung an Portalen),
6. RVS 09.02.41 (9.27) (Beleuchtung),
7. RVS 09.02.22 (9.282) (Tunnelausrstung),
8. RVS 09.02.61 (9.286) (Funkeinrichtungen),
9. RVS 09.04.11 (9.4) (Erhaltung und Betrieb).
10.
(Richtlinien fr die Ausstattung und den Betrieb von Straentunneln - RABT).
11. PIARC (Permanent International Association of Road Construction).
12. SRPS EN CR 14380
13. SRPS EN 60598
14. SRPS EN ISO 9227
15. CIE 88: 2004 Guide for the lighting of road tunnels and underpasses
16. CIE 88 2nd edition 2010: Guide for the lighting of road tunnels and underpases
17. CIE 189:2010 (TC 4-24): Calculation of Tunnel Lighting Quality Criteria
18. CIE 193:2010 (TC 4-43): Emergency Lighting in Road Tunnels
19. CIE 194:2011 (TC 4-26): On site Measurement of the Photometric Properties of Road and
Tunnel Lighting
20. CEN/TR 14380: 2003 Tunnel lighting
21. EN 16276:2013 Evacuation Lighting in Road Tunnels
22. EN 1706 AC 44300
23. EN 1706 AC 47100
24. EN 755-2
25. EN 573-3
26. EN 10088-3

15

,,

3.2

j j j
, (.. 3.3). j
j
. j
CIE ( ).
j j,
, j
(RAL 9001) 4 m .
j j ,
,
, .
1. (Access zone) -
, .
2. (Threshold zone) - ,
(
). ,
.
3. (Transition zone) - () ,
,
.
4. (Interior zone) - ,
,
,
.
.
5. (Exit zone) -
.
,
.
,
.
.

16

,,

17

,,

3.3

.
.
3.3.1
,
. .
,
.
. ,
, ,
(L20 ).

:

L20 Ln Lk L0 Lth

(3.1)

3.4 [5]

, ,
( 3.4), Ln , Lk L0 .
Lth . Lth ,
3.1 . ,

,
.

18

,,
( 3.5)
, :
R SSD tg 10

(3.2)

( SSD Safe stopping distance)

3.5 [5]

Ln , Lk L0 ,
, 3.2.
1500 cd/ m2 7000 cd/ m2 .
3.2 ( kcd/ m2 )

*() , , () ,

( )
(N)

(E,W)
(S)

Ln

Lk

L0

12

16

15()
10()
10()
15()
5()
15()

2
2
2

19

,,
3.3.2 ()
,
. ,
.
. CIE
10,
, (Lth )
(L20 ).

Lth k L20 ,

(3.3)

k
( 3.3, CIE ).
.
3.3 k

()

Lth / L20

Lth / L20

60

0,05

0,04

100

0,06

0,05

160

0,1

0,07

,
, 40%
.
.
3.3.3 ()
() ,
,
.
.
( 100 m ) 100 150 m 80
/. :
Ltr Lth (1,9 t ) 1,4 ,

(3.3)

Ltr
t ( ) . t = 0

Ltr 0, 4Lth

(3.4)

.

( 3:1 ),
3.3.

20

,,

3.6 [5]

3.3.4
,
. , ,
( ),
.
( ) .
3.5 CIE ,
, .
3.4 )

<100 ./

100 1000 ./

>1000 ./

160 m

10

15

100 m

60 m

21

,,
3.3.5
, ( 2 )
.(
60%).
Lzida 0, 6 Lputa

(3.5)

. ,
,
30% .
3.3.6
,
.
. .

,
.
( ),
. 60 m
, .
,
(.
.). 20 cd/m2
.
,
, ,
.

22

,,

3.4
3.4.1
,
. (), C
. , , .
:
C

L0 L p
Lp

Ev L p

Lp

(3.6)

Lo Ev ,
,
Lp .
,
. , 20%,
.
3.4.2
Lp /Ev , .
, :

,
( -).

. 3.7
,
() (
). ,
() (.
).
Lp /Ev 0,2.

23

,,

3.7 [4]
(
) ( ) (
3.8). ( ),
, Lp /Ev
0,6.
. ,
( 0,15),
Ev , ),

.

. ,

( ). ,
()
.

24

,,

3.8 [4]

.
.
.
3.4.3 ()

(Emin /Esr) 0,4. (U0 0,4).
. ( 2 m)
.
0,6 (UI 0,6) (Lmin /Lmax ).
:

,
,
,
.

25

,,
3.4.4

, ,
.
, .
,
. ,
, .
, - TI.
,
j ().
15% . j :
Lsr 5 cd/m2 :
TI 65

Lv
L0,8
sr

(3.7)

TI 95

Lv
L1,05
sr

(3.8)

Lsr > 5 cd/m2 :

:
Lsr ( 2 m) ,
,
Lv ,
( 20 ).

26

,,
3.4.5
,
, .
,
( ).
,
, ,
.
2,5 15 Hz.
.
,
.

.
.
( ) .
3.4.6
,
( ).

, 5 (
. 200 m), 1/3
. ,
.
, ,
. ,
1 cd/m2 , U0 0,4 i UI 0,6. [7]
2 5 cd/m2 , .
,

. , ,
.

27

,,
3.4.7 ()
:

,
,
,
,

,
( )
.

3.4.8 -


:

( )
,
,
,
,
, 200 m , .
:

, ( 2000 lx
80 cd/m2 , 120
cd/m2 )
(RAL 9001),
, ,
.

28

,,

3.5
.
, CIE:

,
,
(> 0,4) (< 0,2),
.
:

25 m ,
125 m ,
25 125 m . (
50 % ,
)

3.9

,
.
,
,

29

,,
.
, .
.
, .

3.6

.
.
3.6.1
:

,
,
.

,
, .

.
. , , ,
.
.
3.6.2
, , 2 m,
. , . ,
.

30

,,

3.7
3.7.1

. , , ,
, . ,

, .

. .
, (
), .
, ,
.
3.7.2

:

,
,
, .

.
.
,
.
, . [1]

3.10 ; : ,
, , ,

31

,,

3.11 [7]

,
( ).
. , .

.
. ,
IP 65
.
().

32

,,

3.12 a THORN Gotthard Aluminium 7823 / 7823E 400W HID M32

(760 x 340 x 171 mm, 434 W, 16,1 kg, IK08, IP66, .) [9]

3.13 a THORN - Gotthard Stainless Steel 7827N 250W 6F CB3 FIR/1,5M

(757 x 340 x 200 mm, 250 W, 25 kg, IK08, IP65, .- counterbeam) [9]

33

,,

3.14 a THORN - GTLED 30L70 741 S/S 1,5M (1355 x 169 x 99 mm, 70 W, 12,5 kg,
IP66, 4100 K, .) [8]

3.7.3
,
.
.
90 .

.
3.7.4

-, , IP 54,

. ,
(UPS),
.
3.7.5
100 , ,
.
. :

,
( ),
,
, ,
, ,
0,8 m 1,1 m 10 m
25 m. ,
( ).

34

,,
3.7.6 LED [4]
, LED
1000 m ( ).
LED (Driver)
, LED ,
LED (. LED Philips, Osram ...),

.
LED 1000 m,

LED
.
LED , :

LED . 2014. 44%

LED ,
2020. 74 %.
( ) LED .
,
150 W ( 250 W, 122.67 lm/W, 400 W
130.78 lm /W).
LED .
LED , 100.000 h ,
90% , 0,8
( 80 % , . ),
.
16.000-20.000 h
,
[ LED
10-15 (24 h )]
LED . (flicker ),
HID (High-intensity discharge -
) .
70-130 Hz .
LED 10 %
( ),
, 20 %
( 35 % ).
LED ,
,
. , LED
,
5-10 (
)

35

,,

LED ( 4000 ),
( 2200 )
.
(
, . ) LED
70,
40.
LED
( 120 - 277 V),
LED .
LED (
),
50% ,

.
,
.
,

, CO2
.

, LED :
LED (
75 C, 10 %
(25 C)). , LED
( )
.
j.
LED
1. ,
. .
2. 200 m 700 m
3. -40 C 80 C
4. 120V 277V
5. > 0,9
6. 50000 h
7. 20%
8. 90% 5 (45.000 ) 80%
10 (90.000 ) -5 C +28 C
9. IEEE/ANSI C62.41.2 Transient Surge
Requirements

36

,,

3.15 [5]

3.16 Na (6,7 cd/m2 ) LED (3,2 cd/m2 ), Eran Aronson,

KTH , [6]

,
Na 6,7 cd/m2 79%,
3,2 cd/m2 LED 90%.

37

,,
3,2 cd/m2 LED 1 m,
6,7 cd/m2 Na .
LED , 1. 24. Vc.
1. 1.
: 2928.6 m
: 2900.6 m

100 km/h
Lth =178 cd/m2 , Lin =4 cd/m2
2. 24.
: 2801.721 m
: 2742.856 m
3.17 GL2 Compact, Minel Schreder

60 km/h
Lth =183 cd/m2 , Lin =4 cd/m2

3.18 1.

38

,,
3.7.7
,
,
.
.
.
:

,
.

,
[4]:

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

100%
75%
50%
25%
() 12.5%

( ) CIE ,

.
, :
6. 4.0 cd/m2 (
)
7. 2 cd/m2 ( )
8. 10 lx ( )
.
,
L20 .
.
.
, .
,
.
.

39

,,
3.7.8

IP 65. ,
.

0,7 . = 0,7 .

, 3 6 .
1000 ,
, .
.

,
.
3.7.9
(, ,
), . ,

.
,
.
Cr-Ni-Mo-Ti,
. 1.4571 DIN 17440.
Cr-Ni-Mo,
, . 1.4401 DIN 17440
DIN 4102.
Al.Mg - Si 05
DIN 1725 F25 H14 DIN 1748 Al.Mg3 DIN 1725
. [3]
, ,
, .
, .
.

40

,,
3.7.10
3.7.10.1
-
. .
3.7.10.2

.
50 m.
0,8 m 1,1 m . (
) .
25 m.
3.7.10.3 LED

LED .

,
.
. 25 m
15 m .
3.7.10.4

LED .

41

,,

4 -
RELUX
4.1
-18
. 910
. , -18
3,6 km, 100 ,
.
, 20 ,
.

4.1 Google Maps; ,

902 m,
Strabag, Entea.
13. 2014. , 28. 2015.
902
475 m,
,
1.200 m, 24.257.083,13 KM.
27.9.2016 .
,

42

,,
, ,
-18 .
-18
, . [11]

4.2 [10]
Relux.
Ing. Ale Kaa (ZumtobelGroup Brno). Zumtobel
, , .
, .
:
4.1 ; : HST (ST) High pressure sodium Na ,
HIT (MT) Metal halide

(872m)
70km/h,

[W]

THORN

7823B ST 100

5840

100

1xST100

22

THORN

7823 NaH-T
150

5841

150

1xST150

18

THORN

7823B ST 250

5842

250

1xST250

158

THORN

7823B ST 400

5843

400

1xST400

THORN

78XX CIVIC2
CL1 2X100W
230V
HST/HIT-CE
EFL SWE +
2X HST 100W

GOTTHARD
Civic 2 AGP
SW-HST-MF
100--V4L7

232

2xHST/HITCE 100W

64

7823 B : , counter beam, pro beam. :

. IK08/5 Nm, IP66.

43

,,
4.2.1

4.2

: 70 km/h
: 75 m
: 195 cd/m (CB 400W, 250W, 150W)
: 6 cd/m (SYMETRICAL 2x 100W CONFIG)
4.2.2
(Adaption)
3.1
: 99
(): 35.5kW
: x=7.70m y=3.50m, z=6.30 : z=180.0 C0=0.0 C90=0.0
4.2

S1

S2

S3

S4

S5

S6

Int.1

Int.2

Int.3

Int.4

[%]

[%]

[%]

[%]

[%]

[%]

[%]

[%]

[%]

[%]

400W/55.5klm

100

100

8.57

400W/55.5klm

100

100

100

100

9.44

400W/55.5klm

100

50

100

50

100

50

10.55

400W/55.5klm

100

100

11.31

400W/55.5klm

100

100

100

100

80

103

250W/ 33klm

100

100

100

100

81

105.80

250W/ 33klm

100

50

100

50

100

50

89

137.22

150W/ 17klm

100

100

100

100

99

186.03

150W/ 17klm

100

50

100

50

100

50

X[m]

7.70

44

,,
(Interior)
1.1
: 33
(): 3.8kW
: x=10m y=3.50m, z=6.30 : 13.62
: z=180.0 C0=0.0 C90=0.0
Flicker frequency (v=70 km/h): 1.4 Hz
4.3

S1

S2

S3

S4

S5

S6

Int.1

Int.2

Int.3

Int.4

[%]

[%]

[%]

[%]

[%]

[%]

[%]

[%]

[%]

[%]

116W/10.7klm

100

100

100

100

100

100

100

50

100

50

116W/10.7klm

100

100

100

100

100

100

100

100

32

432.22 116W/10.7klm

100

100

100

100

100

100

100

100

33

445.84 116W/10.7klm

100

100

100

100

100

100

100

50

100

50

X[m]

10

23.62

5.1 1.1
*
*Regulating steps: S1 (100%), S2 (83.3%), S3 (66.7%), S4 (50%), S5 (33.3%), S6 (16.7%), Int.1, Int.2,
Int.3, Int.4
4.2.3
4.2.3.1 ,
: 11.31 m - 26.51 m : nx = 7, ny = 6, nz = 3
( ) : x = -73.54 m; z = 1.50 m dx = 85.93 m ()

Lav :
U0
Lmin / Lavg:
UI
Lmin / Lmax :
TI max
Max.:

Lav :
U0
Lmin / Lavg:
Lwall/Lfsp
min.:

Lav :
U0
Lmin / Lavg:
Lwall/Lfsp
min.:

y=1.75m

y=5.25m

199.82 cd/m2
0.7
0.98
-%

199.82 cd/m2
0.7
0.98
-%

195 cd/m2
0.4
0.6
15%

175.16 cd/m2
0.95
0.89

175.16 cd/m2
0.95
0.89

0.6

175.16 cd/m2
0.95
0.86

175.16 cd/m2
0.95
0.89

0.5
0.6

45

,,
4.2.3.2 ,
: 296.02 m - 323.26 m : nx = 7, ny = 6, nz = 3
( ) : x = 212.03 m; z = 1.50 m dx = 85.93 m ()
y=1.75m
y=5.25m
.

Lav :
6.05 cd/m2
6.05 cd/m2
6 cd/m2
U0
Lmin / Lavg:
0.6
0.6
0.4
UI
Lmin / Lmax :
0.93
0.93
0.6
TI max
Max.:
6.23%
6.19%
15%

Lav :
3.97 cd/m2
3.97 cd/m2
U0
Lmin / Lavg:
0.86
0.86
0.5
Lwall/Lfsp
min.:
0.67
0.64
0.6

Lav :
3.97 cd/m2
3.97 cd/m2
U0
Lmin / Lavg:
0.86
0.86
0.5
Lwall/Lfsp
min.:
0.64
0.67
0.6
4.2.3.3 (CIE 88 )

4.3

CIE 88.

46

,,
4.2.3.4
(E) (Interior)

(Ev) (Interior)

47

,,
(L) (Interior)

(E) (Interior) -

(L) (Interior) -

48

,,
(E) (Interior) -

(L) (Interior) -

49

,,

5
,
. ,
.
, , .
. .
,
.

,
.
,
,
, .
.
, ,
.
,
. , ,
100 000 ,
8000 cd/m2 .

,
.
, .
, 5 30 ,
15 300 .
, .

,
.
.
,
.

:
100 m ( )
(
).

50

,,
:
, ,
,
() .

6
[1] . , , ,
, , , 2005
[2] . , , Minel - Schreder, , 2000
[3] ,
, , , 2012
[4] , , ,
, -
, , 2013
[5] , , Minel Schreder, , 2015
[6] , 2, Minel Schreder, , 2014
[7] , : ,

, , www.expertise.in.rs 01.07.2016
[8] , -
, , ,
2014
[9] THORN, Tunnel lighting, Publication No: 283(INT), Publication
Date: 8/04, www.thornlighting.com 06.09.2016
[10] Ale Kaa, , (ZumtobelGroup Brno), 2016
[11]http://www.oslobodjenje.ba/vijesti/bih/provozajte-se-kroz-tunel-karaula-danas-svecanootvaranje/181274 27.9.2016
[12]

51