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System load variation: System load characteristics, load curves - daily, weekly and annual, load-duration
curve, load factor, diversity factor. Reserve requirements: Installed reserves, spinning reserves, cold reserves,
hot reserves. Overview of system operation: Load forecasting, unit commitment, load dispatching. Overview of
system control: Governor Control, LFC, EDC, AVR, system voltage control, security control.
PART A
1. What is the objective of power system control?
2. What is the objective of power system operation and control?
3. What is load curve?
4. What is daily, Weekly, Annual load curve?
5. What is load duration curve?
6. Define load factor.
7. Define diversity factor.
8. Define spinning reserve.
9. Define Cold reserve.
10. Define hot reserve.
11. Define Maximum Demand.
12. Define demand factor.
13. What is plant use factor?
PART B
1. A generating station has the following daily load cycle:
Time
0-6
6-10
10-12
12-16
(hours)
Load(MW)
20
25
30
25
Draw the Load curve (1)and load duration curve(1) and find
i.
Maximum demand(2)
ii.
iii.
Average Load(2)
iv.
Load Factor.(2)
16-20
20-24
35
20
By how many percent will the real load drop if the voltage is reduced by 5
percent?(8)
ii.
How would a 2 percent drop in frequency affects the real load, if the load is assumed
to have a power factor of 0.8.(8)
Group D: 100kW between 10 A.M and 6 P.M and 6 P.M and 6 A.M
Plot the daily load cure and load duration curve and determine
(i) Diversity factor
(ii) Units generated per day
(iii) Load factor.
PART B
1. Using a simplified functional diagram explain the operating features of a speed governing
system.(8) (M/J 2006)
2. Develop a linear mathematical model of a speed governing system.(8) (M/J 2006)
3. Explain the static and dynamic response of ALFC control loop.(8)(N/D 2004)
4. Explain the technique involved in load frequency control (LFC)of a single area
system.(8) (M/J 2006)
5. Explain the principle, involved in tie line frequency control in case of two area system.
(M/J 2006)
6. Develop a linear mathematical model of two area system.(8)(N/D 2004)
7. Explain the tie line bias control of two area system .(8)(N/D 2004)
8. Briefly discuss the LFC control of single area systems.(16)(N/D 2005)
9. Explain the dynamic response of two area system.(8) (N/D 2005)
10. Develop a linear mathematical model of two area system.(6)
11. Explain the tie line bias control of two area system.(6)