.

..


(safety sign)

..



.

(
)

()

-
-

-
-

-
-
-
( , )
-
-
-

-
-
-
-
-
-

..

.
()

NO LITER

NO ALCOHOL

NO SMOKING

DO NOT TOUCH

()

()

.

.

WEAR PROTECTIVE CLOTHING

WEAR FACE SHIELD

WEAR SHOES

()

SAFE CONDITION

EYE WASH

EMERGENCY STOP
PUSH-BUTTOP

()

. (Hand Tools)

()

 . ()

VSF

()

 . ()

(Bender)

(EMT)
- B
- A

(Hickey)

(IMC) (RSC)

2
24 : 1

18 : 1



4

()

 . ()

(Reamer)

(Fish tape)

()

(Condulet)

(F.S. box)

(Handy box)

4
(Square box)

(Octagon
box)

()

 . ()

(Flexible
Metal
Conduit)

EMT
IMC
RSC

(connector)

(LFMC)

(Coupling)

(Bushing)

()

 . ()

(Lock nut)

(Strap)

(Wire nut)

(Service
entrance)

()

.
..

.
()

..

()



.
.

1-3 mA

8 mA

10 mA


30 mA

..

()
()

()

 .
()

.
() ()
" "
(
)
()

() (
)



()

( )

.
()

.
..
() (Direct current :D.C.)

()
() (Alternating current :A.C.)

()
,
()
,
() (Volt :V)
() (Ampere :A)
() (Watt :W)

() (Unit)
,
() (Resistor)

(Ohm )
..

()

George Simon Ohm

V = IR

I= V
R

R=V
I
.

.
.. (Electric Power)

(W)
() = ()/ ()
()



(V) (W)
220V 60W
- 220V 220

- 60W
1
60W
60 1

P = VI

I= P
V
V=P
I
.

.
()

 . 1
220V 60W

60W
I= P =
= 0.27A
V 220V
..

( , )

() ()

.

L(Line)
N
(Neutral)

()


(Volt :V) (Hertz :Hz)

() ()

.





/

.. (Prefixes)

()

()

10-1
10-2
10-3
10-6
10-9
10-12
101
102
103
106
109
1012

(deci)
d
(centi)
c
(milli)
m
(micro)
()
(nano)
n
(pico)
p
(deca)
da
(hector)
h
(Kilo)
k
(mega)
M
(giga)
G
(tera)
T

.
0.000 005 A = 5 10-6 A = 5 (A)
6,000 W = 6 103 W = 6 (kW)

()

..
()

- ( RT)

RT = R1 + R2 + R3 +. Rn
-

IT = I1 = I2 = I3 = . In
()

E = V1 + V2 + V3 +. Vn
. 9 4
E = 20V

20 V

V1

V2

V3

V4

R1=9

R1=9

R1=9

R1=9

I1

I2

I3

I4

IT

RT
RT = R1 + R2 + R3 + R4
RT = 9 + 9 + 9 + 9
RT = 36
36
IT

()

20V
I = E =
= 0.56A
T R
36

T
IT = I1 = I2 = I3 0.56 A
V1 ,V2 , V3 V4
V1 = I1R1 = 0.56 A 9 = 5.04 V
V2 = I2R2 = 0.56 A 9 = 5.04 V
V3 = I2R2 = 0.56 A 9 = 5.04 V
V4 = I2R2 = 0.56 A 9 = 5.04 V
E = V1 + V2 + V3 + V4
E = 5.04 V + 5.04 V + 5.04 V + 5.04 V
E = 20.16 V 20 V
. R1 = 2.2k
R2 = 3k R3 =4.7k E =
20V

()


RT
RT = R1 + R2 + R3
RT = 2.2 k + 3 k + 4.7 k
RT = 9.9 k
9.9 k
IT

20V
IT = E =
= 2.02mA
R T 9.9k
IT = I1 = I2 = I3 2.02 mA
V1 ,V2 V3
V1 = I1R1 = 2.02 mA 2.2 k = 4.444 V
V2 = I2R2 = 2.02 mA 3 k = 6.06 V
V3 = I3R3 = 2.02 mA 4.7k = 9.494 V
E = V1 + V2 + V3
E = 4.444 V + 6 .06 V + 9. 494 V
E = 19.998 V 20 V
()
( )



.
()


- ( RT)

1 = 1 + 1 + 1 + ..... + 1
R T R1 R2 R3
Rn

R .R
RT = 1 2
R1 + R2
-

E = V1 = V2 = V3 = . Vn
-

IT = I1 + I2 + I3 +. In

.
()

 . R1 = 3
R2 = 6 R3 = 4 R4 = 4
E = 12 V

RT
R .R
(3)(. 6) 18
R = 1 2 =
= = 2
T1 R + R
3
+
6
9
1 2

R .R
(4 )(. 4 ) 16
R = 3 4 =
= = 2
T2 R + R
3 4 4+4 8
R .R
(2)(. 2) 4
R = T1 T2 =
= = 1
T R +R
T1 T2 2 + 2 4
V1 ,V2 V3
V1 = V2 = V3 = V4 = E = 12V
IT
V 12V
I = 1=
= 4A
1 R 3
1
()

V 12V
I = 2=
= 2A
2 R 6
2
V 12V
I = 3=
= 3A
3 R 4
3
V 12V
I = 4=
= 3A
4 R
4

4
IT = I1 + I2 + I3 + I4
= 4 + 2 + 3 + 3 = 12A
. 8 2
6 1

R1=8
R3=6
R2=8

R1//R2 R3
R .R
(8)(. 8)
64
R T = 1 2 + R3 =
+6= +6
R1 + R2
8+8
16
()

RT = 4 + 6 = 10
. E
V1= 6 V
R1

E=?

V2= 10 V
R2

2A

A
R3 20

R4 20

E = V1+V2+V3
:
V3 = A x (R3 // R4)
E = 6 + 10 + V3
:
V3 = 2 x 10 = 20
E = 6 + 10 + 20
E = 36
. R1
V1 = 6V R2
V2 = 10V R3 = 20 R4 =
20 E
IT = 1A

R3 R4
R .R
(20)(. 20) 400
R = 3 4 =
=
= 10
T1 R + R
20
+
20
40
3 4

()

 V3 V4
V3 = V4
= ITRT1
= 1A 10 = 10 V

E
= V1 + V2 + V3
= 6 + 10 + 10 = 26V
..
(Battery)

()


Ah (Ampere-hours)

Wh (Watt-hours) kWh
(Kilo- Watt-hours)

AhV = Wh
80 Ah
8 A 10 (80Ah/8A)


12V 100Ah 2
12 V 200Ah 2.4
kWh

. .
.

()

12V 100Ah
2 24 V
100Ah 2.4 kWh
.
..

(RS)
(Galvanometer)
(IS)
(I)
(Ig)

. .
.
()


()

()

()
()

.
()

.
.
..

( )

(Multiplies Resistor :RX)

()

.
.
..
(Ohmmeter)

()

.
.

.
( 3V)

()

 xy

xy (Adjust Zero)

(High resistance)

(Insulation)
(Megaohmmeter) (Megger)

()

() Rx1k

()
Rx1 Rx10 Rx1k Rx10k

()

()

.
..
(analog multimeter)


(DC voltage) (AC voltage)
(DC current) (electrical resistance)

(AF output)
(DC current amplification, hFE)
(leakage current, lCEO) (capacitance)

OFF
(ACV)

()

 .
..
(Wattmeter)



(Fixed Coil) (Current Coil)

(Moving Coil) (Voltage Coil)

()

.
..
(Watt-hour Meter)


(Kilowatthour ;kWh)


()

.
()

(..)

5(15) A
16A
4
4*
15(45) A
50A
10
16
30(100) A
100A
25
50
* 10 ..
.
..

- A

- B

- C

- (N)

- (G)

-
(N-L)

-
(G-N-L)

(A-B-C)

()

-
(G-A-B-C)

(N-A-B-C)

-
(G-N-A-B-C)

.
..




() VAF

()

 (PVC/PVC)
.
.
VAF

. VAF-G
() VFF
(PVC insulated)

VAF

. VFF
() VSF

(Control)
VAF

. VSF
()

() THW

. THW
() VCT


THW

. VCT
() NYY


VCT

()

 . NYY

-

-

-
()

-
.
..
()

()

()



()

..
(fuse)


(Cartridge Fuse)

()

()

 .
()


%

.
..




()

()
(
)

. Pole

. Pole

. Pole
.

()

()

2

trip

.
()

()

() Amp trip Ampare trip (AT)

name plate
Amp trip NEC

125% 100%
() Amp frame Ampare frame (AF)
AT
125AT/250AF 250AT/250AF

() IC interrupting Rating

() Pole
1 3
()

() Push to trip

()

 .


()

()

()

..

..

(

)
()





..
() (
)

()

()

()

()

()


()

()

()

()

()

..
()
/ .
()

. ..
()

.
..
(Transformer)
(Primary winding)
(Secondary winding)



()

 (Laminated Steel)
(Eddy Current loss)


VA (Volt-Ampare)

(Core) (Winding) (Insulation)

.
.

.
.
.
.
()


22kV (400V Line to
Line)

Primary (N1)
V1 Secondary (N2)
(N1) i
(Exciting Current) (Induced
Voltage)

.

(Voltage ratio) (Turns ratio)
E
N I
1 = 1 = 2 =a
E
N
I
2
2 1
()

 . I2

110 V

220 V

5A

I2=? A

E
I
1= 2
E
I
2 1
110V = I2
220V 5A

I = 110V 5A = 2.5A
220V
2
.
110 V 100 A

12 KV
110 V 100 A

Secondary 2
100A
110V 220V (110V+110V)
(Secondary) 220V 100A
()

..





(Single Phase Motor) (Three
Phase Motor)
()


v

- ( Split Phase
Motor) (Induction
motor)

.
()

- (Capacitor
Motor)


(Centrifugal switch)

/

. (Centrifugal switch)
()

- (Shaded Pole Motor)

.
- (Repulsion Motor)
(Universal Motor)

()

. (RepulsionMotor)
.
()

/



-
(Squirrel Cage Rotor Induction Motor)

.
()

-
(Wound Rotor Induction Motor) (Slip
Ring Motor)

(External Variable
Resistance)

.
- (Synchronous Motor)

(Power Factor)

()

 . (Synchronous Motor)
..
(Generator)

.
()

.
.. (Push button switch)
(Normally Open
:NO) (Normally Closed :NC)

.
.. (Pilot lamp)

.
()

.. (Magnetic contactor)

(Magnetic coil)
(Main Contact)
(Power circuit) (Auxilliary
Contact)
(Control circuit)

.
.. (Overload relay)

(bimetal)

()

.

(Reset)

()

 .
.. (Timer relay)

(ON-Delay type)

(OFF-Delay type)

()

 .
.. (Limit switch)

.
.. (Drum switch)

()

 (Voltmeter selector switch)

(Ammeter selector switch)

. (Ammeter selector switch)

. (Voltmeter selector switch)

.

()

.

A B C
(Star) (Delta)

.
.

()

.
(Schematic Diagram)

(Power circuit)
(Control circuit)
..
Power circuit

Control circuit

()


() K1
S2 K1
1
() S2 K1
K1 2

() K1 2
S2 K1
(
Self holding)
() S1
K1 K1

() S1 S1
K1
S2

()

..

.
()

 3
K1
K2

2
L1 L3 K1 K2

Interlocked contact

() S2
1 3 K2
K1
()
S3 ,K2 1
S3 K2 K1
()
Interlocked contact S1
K2 1
() S3 K1
K1 3
K2

()


........................................................................................................................
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()


, .
:, 2548
,
. :, 2557
, .
:, 2554
, .
()
http://www.psjenergysave.com
http://www.mwit.ac.th
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http://www.bootanongsak.tripod.com
http://www.prapathai.com
http://bernini-design.com
http://bernini-design.com
http://www.oknation.net/blog/safety-ene201
http://www.supradit.com

()