High Voltage Testing

http://www.powertechlabs.com

Piyadanai Pachanapan, 303424 : High Voltage Engineering (2/55), Naresuan University

1


()

tan
(Partial Discharge)


1.

50 % (V50%)
(Critical
Flashover, CFO)
: flashover, sparkover, puncture

2.

: 1) AC, 2) 3)

3.
o
3




1.
o AC 1
o (BIL)
o (BSL)

2. ( , partial
discharge)
o AC (50 Hz)
o DC
4


(Dielectric loss)

;

(Polarization)
(Partial discharge)

tan
5


(Polarization loss)
(ionization loss)
(conduction loss)
R0 conduction loss
R3 polarization loss
R2 ionization loss
C1, C2 and gap partial discharge
equivalent circuit
Fig 6-6


(DC), 100 1000 V
1
3

d
RA
R

A
d
U

2
A

R = U/I
P = UI

d-
A-

-
-
7

www.haefely.com/10-products/50-c-tan-delta-measurement.php

 (C) (tan)
Polarization +j

tan C : Schering bridge

Transformer ratio-arm bridge (Glynne bridge)
tan
Pac

tan

"
'
2
C tan U rms

C3 R3

2
U rms
R3 1

Schering bridge

(0)
Z ab
Z bc

Z ad
Z dc

Zab Zdc

Zad Zbc

Z ab

1
j
CN

Z ad

Z bc
Z ad

Rx

1
Cx

tan

1
Cx Rx

Rx

1
j
Cx

R4

j 1 C4

R4

j 1 C4

Z dc

R3
10


R4
R4

Zab Zdc

Zad Zbc

j 1 C4
j 1 C4

1
j
Cx

Rx

j CN
R3

1
C x Rx

Cx
R4

C4 R4

C4
Rx

tan

C2
R3

tan C
tan

C4 R4

Cx

C2 R4 R3
1 tan 2 x

C N R4
R3
11

Transformer ratio arm bridge (Glynne bridge)

n1 n2
n3 ; I n I n 0
x 1

Ix
IN

Ix

CxU

IN

CNU

Cx

tan

R(C

CN

tan

RC

N 2

CN

n2
n1

CN )

12

 (Partial Discharge)



3

13


1. ()
2. tan = f(U)
3.

4.
5. (hissing)
6.
7.
8.
14

 (1)

()

15

 (2)

gap

16

 (kV)
qc

U c .Cc

Uc

qc Cc

A-B (, mV)
Ut

Cb
Cb

Ca

Cb
Cb

Ca

Uc

qc
Cc

17

Ck >> Ct

18

i (t )dt
Cc .Cb
Cc Cb

Ca U t

Ut

Cc >> Cb
q

Ut

Ca

Cb

Cb
Cb

Ca

Cb
Cc

Ut

qc
Cc

qc

partial discharge (*)

19

 Ct Ck
q

Ct

Ck

U 't

U 't

Ck qm (measurable charge)
qm

Ck U 't

q
qm

Ck
Ct

Ck

20

 Ck ( qm/q
Ct ) Sensitive
21

 Partial Discharge

Ug
F
Ck ( 1000 pF)
** Cm, Rm match Zw

22



dUt/dt
23

 a ;


b

b ;

24

 Partial Discharge
1. (wide band)


(30 kHz 500 kHz)

2. (narrow band)


( MHz) noises

25

26

27

http://www.hoestarinsp.com.sg/services-partial-discharge.html

28

29


1.

proximity effect (
)

2.

: , , ,
,
30

1.
(b1+b2)
2. (
b2, )

3.
()
4.
( a1+a2)
5.

( a2)
31

3.
(type test)

(acceptance test)

(routine test)

4.
10 20

(up and down method)

32


7
2

3
4

1.
2.
3.
4.

6
5.
6.
7.
33

 ( Clearance)

34

Grounding system

35

30

85

(kV)
170

(kV)
-

(m)

110

260

550

220

505

1050

400

640

1425

900

765

960

2300

1300

12

1100

1400

2800

1800

20

1500

1900

3500

2200

30

36

 ()
kV A kVA
100
300
800
1200
2000

0.1
0.3
0.5
1
2

% Z short circuit

10
100
400
1200
1200

10
10
15
25
25

(kV)

C (nF) (kWs)

/ (kWs/MW)

200

25

0.5

2.5

400
1000
2000
4000

25
25
25
25

2.0
12.5
50.0
200.0

5.0
12.5
25.0
50.0

37


AC
1
40-60 Hz
5%
1.5 mm/min , 100 /

38



Virtual front time (T1) =1.2 s
Half value virtual time (T2) =50 s

Overshoot
< 0.5 MHz overshoot > 1 s
> 0.5 MHz overshoot < 1 s

: 3 %, T1 30%, T2 20 %
39

40


1. (Non-self restoring)
3

2. (Self restoring)
15 2

50 % (V50%) 90 %
(VW90% ) BIL
=0.03 (BIL)
VW 90% 1 1.3 V50%
=0.06 (SIL)
41

3.
15

2

4.


2
1. 5 > 1

2. 1 1
10 10
42



Tcr = 250 s
T2 = 2500 s
: 3 %, Tcr 20%, T2 60 %

AC (Bias test)

43



1.

2.

3.

4. -

44

 245 kV

45

 > 300 kV

46

47

1.
2.

48

1.
2.
3.

AC
49


(Clearance)
EHV UHV

V50%

k 3450
8
1
d

k gap factor

(kV)

V50% (any gap geometry)

V50% (rod-plane)

V50% 50%

50

51

52

53

 BIL

54

Csh

Shunt
C
L
Oscillation ( C, L )

Spike

Induced

55

 Rsh shunt ()
Csh Spike

Csh

56




Shunt

57

 3 Oscillation
( 75 % )

58


1. (reduced level full wave, RF) -
50-75% BIL (reference)
2. (Chopped wave, CW)
2-6 s
3. 100% (Full wave, FW)

V
I
59

60


V
V
I

()

(
)
61

B
62


> BIL, SIL

63

64

1.
2.

65



(pin)
(cap)

66

67

68

1.
2.
3.
4.

BIL

tan
(
40 kHz 400 kHz)

69

(kV)
35

35

110

65

140

1.2

50
Hz (kV)
()

10

15

2.1

DC (kV)

130

2.2

30

1.1

70

 tan

(kV)

10

35

35

110

(50 Hz, kV)

tan

(M/km)

23

65

40

70

0.015

0.01

0.025

0.006

100

100

400

71