10/18/2016

Deaerator,BoilerFeedWaterTankEWTWaterTechnology

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Summary:
Thermaldeaerationisaphysicalprocessforremovalofdissolvedgasesfromwater.Forthermaldeaeration,
thewatertobedeaeratedisbroughttotheboilingpointbyadditionofheat.
Asievetraydeaeratorisavesselforthermaldeaerationofwater.Sievetrayinsertswithinthedeaeratorresult
inanincreaseofthesurfaceofthewaterflowingthroughthedeaerator,whichinturnwillfacilitateheatand
masstransfer.Usually,aboilerfeedwatertank(short:bfwtank)forstoringandsecondarydeaerationofthe
waterisarrangeddownstreamofthedeaerator.
Thermaldeaerationisacontinuousprocess.Duringoperation,makeupwater,condensateandheat(usually
byinjectionofheatingsteam)flowcontinuouslyin,whiledeaeratedboilerfeedwaterandventsteamflow
continuouslyout.
Thermaldeaerationmayoccurbothathigherorlowerthan(vacuumdeaeration)atmosphericpressure,
meaningtheboilingtemperaturemaybebothhigherorlowerthan100C.Thefollowingdescriptionsreferto
thermaldeaerationathigherthanatmosphericpressureonly.
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DesignExample:

Thermaldeaerationplant:Sievetraydeaeratorwithboilerfeedwatertank,valves,andinstrumentation.
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ProcessDescription:
Thermaldeaerationisbaseduponthedependencyofthesolubilityofgasesinwaterfromtheequilibrium
betweenconcentrationandpartialpressure,thetemperature,andtheboilingstate.Withincreasingwater
temperature,thesolubilityofgasesinwaterisreduced.Inboilingwater,thesolubilityintheoryapproaches
zero.
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ThefirstoftheaforementioneddependenciesresultsfromHenry'sLaw,whichisoftenquotedinthiscontext.
AccordingtoHenry'sLaw,thepartialpressureofagasabovealiquidisdirectlyproportionaltothe
concentrationofthesamegasinthatliquid.Byreducingthepartialpressureofthegasabovetheliquid,for
examplebyevacuationorbydisplacingitwithanothergas,thesolubilityofthatsamegasintheliquidis
reducedaccordingly.
Themasstransferrequiredfordeaerationoccursbothbydiffusionatthephaseinterfacesandbyconvective
masstransferasgasandsteambubblesleavetheliquid.Forremovalofeventracedissolvedgasesas
requiredinboilerfeedwatertreatment,boilingofthecompleteliquidwithmaximisedphaseinterfacesurface
areasisrequired,whiletakingintoaccountthemodificationofboilingtemperaturebyhydrostaticpressure
resultingfromwaterdepthandsurfacetensionsatphaseinterfacesurfaceareas.
Moredetaileddescriptionsofthisprocesshavebeenpublishedbackinthemiddleofthepreviouscentury(H.
Tietz1950,H.E.Hmig1959,W.Bosselmann1960,G.Ende1964).
Asievetraydeaeratorisusuallydesignedasaverticallyalignedpressurevesselwithsievetrayinstallations,
connectedtoahorizontallyalignedboilerfeedwatertank.Withinthewaterroomoftheboilerfeedwatertank,
thereissomekindofprovisionforinflowofheat,usuallyasteamspargingpipefordirectinjectionofheating
steam.
Condensateandmakeupwaterflowthroughthedeaeratorfromtoptobottom,andwhiledoingsoaresubject
toanincreaseofthesurfaceareaduetobeingsievedbythesievetrayinstallations.Thisincreasedsurface
areawillfacilitateheatandmasstransfer.Steamflowsthroughthedeaeratorfromthebottomtothetop,and
flowsaroundthewatertobedeaeratedincountercrossflowdirection.Intheupperpartofthedeaerator,the
mainpartofthesteamwillcondensewhileheatingtheinflowingwateruptoboilingtemperature.The
remainingpartofthesteamflowsoutofthedeaeratoratthetop,atthesametimeventingthegaseswhich
havebeenremovedfromthewaterandenteredthesteamphase.Withinthewaterroomoftheboilerfeed
watertank,thecontinuousadditionofheatleadstoacontinuouscirculation,mixingandsecondarydeaeration
ofthewater.
Sievetraydeaeratorsasdescribedabovecanoperatewithahighturndownratio,andcanbedesignedfor
anydesiredtemperaturedifferencepastacertainminimum,e.g.alsoforcoldmakeupwaterwithoutanyprior
preheating.Dependinguponthedesignoftheheatingsystem,between80and95%ofthetotalvolumeof
thedownstreamboilerfeedwatertankareusuallyavailableasusefulstoragevolume.
Normally,thermaldearatorsarealsobeingintegratedintothewatersteamcycleasaboilerfeedwaterpre
heatingstagetheheatusedfordeaerationflowsbackintothesteamboiler.Theheatingoftheboilerfeed
waterusuallyoccursbyinjectionofspargingsteam,howeveralternativemeansaretechnicallyfeasibleand
alsosometimesemployed,forexampleforheatrecovery.
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Applications:
boilerfeedwatertreatment,deaerationofmakeupwaterandcondensate
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TechnicalData:
boilerfeedwatermassflow

availablefromapprox.1500upto350000kg/h0.5...100kg/sforeachline

amountoflines

usually1x100%

boilerfeedwaterquality

oxygen

<20g/LO2(standard)
<50g/LO2(option)
<10g/LO2(option)
7g/LO2(option)

freecarbondioxide

<1mg/LCO2

operatingpressure,absolute

>1bar,usuallyeitherapprox.1.2barorapprox.3.6bar

operatingtemperature

>100C,usuallyeitherapprox.105Corapprox.140C

minimumtemperaturedifference*

approx.10K

maximumtemperaturedifference*

any(onlylimitedforagivenprocessdesign)

minimumpressuredifferenceheating
steam

approx.1bar

ventmassflow

usuallyapprox.0.2...1.0%oftheboilerfeedwatermassflow

heatingsteammassflow

usuallyapprox.2...20%oftheboilerfeedwatermassflow

storagetimebfwtank

forsmallerplantsusually30...120minutes
forlargerplantsusually15...30minutes

usefulvolumebfwtank

usuallyapprox.75...95%ofthetotalvolume

codeforpressurevesselmanufacturing

notspecified,"soundengineeringpratice"
EN13445
AD2000
VGBS110R00(replacementforVGBR110L)
GOSTR(exportcertificatefortheRussianFederation)

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Deaerator,BoilerFeedWaterTankEWTWaterTechnology
materialoptions

controloptions

deaerator

stainlesssteel(e.g.1.4301,1.4571)

boilerfeedwatertank

carbonsteel(e.g.S235JR,P265GH)
lowalloysteel(e.g.16Mo3)
stainlesssteel(e.g.1.4301,1.4571)

pipelines

carbonsteel(e.g.P235GH)
lowalloysteel(e.g.16Mo3)
stainlesssteel(e.g.1.4541,1.4571)

valves

greycastiron(e.g.5.1301)
spheroidalcastiron(e.g.5.3103)
caststeel(e.g.1.0619)
stainlesssteel(e.g.1.4408)
hightemperaturesteel(e.g.1.7335,1.7357)

gaskets

ethylenepropylenedienemonomerrubber(EPDM)
polytetrafluoroethylene(PTFE)
NBRcomposite
graphitecomposite

closedlooppressurecontrol

mechanical,continuous(Pcontrol)
electric,intermittent(on/offcontrol,verysmallplants
only)
electric,continuous(PI,PID,or3pointcontrol)

closedlooptemperature
control

notrecommended

closedlooplevelcontrol

mechanical,continuous(Pcontrol)
electric,intermittent(on/offcontrol)
electric,continuous(PI,PID,or3pointcontrol)

*Referringtothedifferencebetweentheoperatingtemperatureandthemixedtemperatureofthemakeupwaterandcondensate.
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Downloads:

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16.01.2016EWTEckertWassertechnikGmbHwatertreatmentmadeinGermanyCompanyInformation

http://www.ewtwasser.de/en/product/deaeratorbfwtank.html

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