BT Hoá Lý 3 PDF

Th.
s Bi Thu Qunh (ch bin) Nguyn Hu Hiu Nguyn Th Phng Tho Nguyn Th Chinh
Ng Vn Tun Ng Quang Huy ng Thanh Huyn V Th Ngc Mai Th Thanh Thy
Bi tp ha l tp 3
Th.s Bi Thu Qunh (ch bin) Nguyn Hu Hiu Nguyn Th Phng Tho Nguyn Th Chinh
Bi tp ha l (tp 3): in ha hc
-
Ch o ni dung: Ths. Bi Thu Qunh

Bin tp ni dung: Nguyn Hu Hiu
Nguyn Th Phng Tho
Nguyn Th Chinh
Ng Vn Tun
Ng Quang Huy
ng Thanh Huyn
V Th Ngc Mai
Th Thanh Thy
Sa bn in: Nguyn Hu Hiu
Ng Vn Tun
Trnh by ba: Nguyn Hu Hiu
Bi tp ha l tp 3
Li ni u
Bi tp ha l tp 3 l quyn th 3 trong b sch Bi tp ha l do nhm sinh
vin HSP Ha hc K8 trng i hc Hi Phng bin son di s ch dn ca c gio
ging vin thc s Bi Thu Qunh.
Quyn ny l tp hp cc bi tp ha l ca phn in ha hc c trnh by
theo 3 chng
Chng I: Dung dch in phn
Chng II: Nguyn t Ganvani
Chng III: in phn v qu th
Vi mi chng chng ti c gng trnh by theo th t i t l thuyt ch o n
bi tp v gi p n
Cc bi tp c trnh by theo m - tup cc bi d xen ln gia cc bi tp i
hi t duy su.
Chng ti mong rng y s l ti liu b ch cho sinh vin nghnh s phm ni
ring v sinh vin ngnh ha hc ni chung, v l ti liu tham kho cho cc ging vin
ging dy b mn Ha l.
Trong qu trnh bin son chc chn khng trnh khi s thiu st, knh mong s
gp ca cc bn sinh vin cng nh qu thy c gio trnh cng ngy cng hon
thin.
Nhm tc gi
Ch : Gio trnh c nh nc bo h bn quyn, mi hnh vi in n, sao
chp, foto copy khng c s cho php ca tc gi u l hnh vi vi phm bn quyn tc
gi v s b x l theo lut bn quyn hin hnh.
Bi tp ha l tp 3
Chng 1: Dung dch in phn

------------888-----------
A. L thuyt ch o
A.1. dn in ca dung dch in phn
a.1.1. dn in ring ( )
in tr sut : l in tr ring ca vt dn c S= 1cm2 v di l 1 cm . Hay l
in tr ca mt hnh khi c cnh 1 cm. n v :
= R.
S
l
S : tit din dy dn(cm2)

l : chiu di dy dn(cm);
dn in ring : l i lng nghch o ca in tr sut . n v :
-1
. cm-1
1 l
.
R S
Hng s bnh : k . n v : cm-1
k=
l
= .R
S
A.1.2. dn in ng lng (
dn in ring : l i lng c trng cho kh nng dn in ca dung dch
in phn c ha tr ion khc nhau . n v : -1. cm2. lg-1
1000.
CN
CN : dn in ng lng (N)
dn in ng lng long v tn : (
i vi cht in phn yu :
= .
i vi cc cht ion : vi
l linh ion
= + +
Linh ion : cng th nguyn vi dn in ng lng
Bi tp ha l tp 3
+ = V + .F
= V .F
V+ , V- : tc tuyt i ca ion tng ng( von/ cm)
F = 96500
A.2. S ti (t)
A.2.1. Khi nim :
S ti ca mt dng ion l t s gia in lng do dng ion
B. Bi tp
B.1. bi.
1. phn li ca mt cht in phn yu trong dung dch nc c thay i khng
v thay i nh th no khi tng nhit ?
2. Hng s phn li Kc ca mt cht in phn yu s thay i nh th no khi thay
dung mi nc bng ru metylic ? (b qua tng tc ha hc gia cht tan v
dung mi . Hng s in mi
H O < CH OH
2
3. Hy biu th hng s phn li hon ton ca axit cacbonic qua phn li v nng
C.
4. Nhng nguyn nhn ca s phn li cht in phn thnh cc ion trong dung dch?
5. Cho bit nhng i lng nhit ng no c trng cho s hidrat ha ion ? C th
tin on kh nng hidrat ha ion trong dung dch da vo ln v du ca cc
i lng hay khng ? Gii thch ?
6. mt nng cho , phn li ca hai axit hu c mt chc bng 0,2 v 0,5 .
Axit no s c hng s phn li ln hn v ln hn bao nhiu ln?
7. S ph thuc ca hng s phn li ca axit propionic C3H7COOH vo nhit ng
c biu th bng phng trnh :
Bi tp ha l tp 3
lg K c =
1033, 4
0,013T + 2,52
T
Hy tnh nhit in li ca axit ny 25 C.

8. Dung dch 2,45 g H2SO4 trong 500 g nc ng c 0,2055 C. Hng s
nghim lnh ca nc bng 1, 86 . Xc nh h s ng trng i .
9. Dung dch 0,66 g CH3COOH trong 100 g nc ng c 0,21 C . Hng s
nghim lnh ca nc bng 1, 86 . Hy chng t rng CH3COOH l mt axit yu .
10. 25 C hng s phn li ca NH4OH bng 1,79.10-5 . Hi nng no phn
li ca NH4OH bng 2% . Tnh nng OH- trong dung dch ny .
11. Hng s phn li ca axit benzoic C6H5COOH bng 6,3 .10-5 , ca axit axetic
CH3COOH bng 1, 79.10-5 . Xc nh t s nng ion H+ trong dung dch ng
phn t ca axit benzoic v axit axetic.
12. Cho bit nhng s khc nhau c bn v l thuyt dung dch theo quan im c
in caAreniut v theo quan im hin i ca bai- Hucken .
13. Ti sao li gi s gn ng bc nht ca phng trnh bai- Hucken l nh lut
gii hn bai- Hucken?
Cho bit s p dng thuyt bai- Hucken vo dung dch cht in phn yu .
14. Vit biu thc ton ca nh lut gii hn ca bai- Hucken i vi dung dch
AlCl3
15. Trnh by khi nim bu kh quyn ion . Bn knh kh quyn ion s thay i nh
th no khi chuyn t dung dch nc ( hng s in mi bng 81 ) sang dung
dch ru (hng s in mi bng 24 ) cng nng v nhit ?
16. H s hot trung bnh ph thuc vo nng dung dch nh th no i vi
cc cht in phn c ha tr ion khc nhau ?
17. S ph thuc h s hot ion trung bnh vo lc ion ca dung dch c biu th
bng phng trnh kinh nghim :
lg =
Bi tp ha l tp 3
h I
1+ A I
6
Hy cho bit bng th , h v A c xc nh nh th no ?

18. Cho cc cht in phn c ha tr ion khc nhau : 1 - 1 ; 1 - 2 ; 2 2 ; 1 3 .
Hy so snh nng molan v lc ion ca dung dch cc cht in phn trn
nng molan m .
19. Xc nh hot ca BaCl2 trong dung dch 0,1 m nu :
BaCl = 0,501
2
20. Xc nh hot v hot trung bnh ca ZnSO4 trong dung dch 0,1 m nu :
= 0,148
21. Da vo nh lut gii hn ca bai Hucken , hy xc nh h s hot ion

trung bnh ca K3Fe(CN)6 trong dung dch c nng molan bng 0,001 nu A=
0,509 .
22. Xc nh h s hot ion trung bnh ca FeCl3 khi dung dch cha 0,001 mol
FeCl3 v 0,005 mol H2SO4 trong 1000 g nc . Khi tnh s dng nh lut gii hn
ca bai Hucken vi A = 0,509.
23. Xc nh h s hot ion trung bnh theo thang nng molan i vi BaCl2
trong dung dch 0,5%.
24. Da vo nh lut gii hn ca bai Hucken , hy tnh h s hot cc ion
Na+, La3+, Cl- v NO3- trong dung dch nc 298K bit rng nng NaCl l
0,002M , ca La(NO3)3 l 0,001M .
25. 313 K
ca CdI2 trong dung dch nc nng 0,005m bng 0,506 . Xc
nh
ca CdI2 trong dung dch nng 0,002 m cng nhit trn .
26. 298 K phn li ca axit axit monocloaxetic trong dung dch nc nng
0,01 M bng 0,33 . Da vo phng trnh bai- Hucken , xc nh h s hot
trung bnh ca axit trn v hng s phn li nhit ng Ka .
27. 298 K tch s tan ca AgCl bng 1,71.10-10 . Tm tan ca AgCl nhit
trn. tan ny s thay i th no khi ha tan AgCl vo dung dch KCl nng
0,01 m ( khi tnh s dng phng trnh bai Hucken )
28. 298 K dung dch m c hnh thnh khi trn 100 cm3 axit axetic 0,1 M vi
100 cm3 NaCH3COO nng 0,2 M . Dung dch m ny c pH = 4,95 . Xc nh
Bi tp ha l tp 3
hng s phn li nhit ng ca axit axetic 298 K ( ch : khi tnh h s hot

ca ion ,hy s dng phng trnh bai Hucken di dng :
A.Z i 2 I
lg i =
1+ I
29. Tch s tan nhit ng ca AgCl trong nc 298 K bng 1,77.10-10 . Hy tnh
tan ca AgCl 298 K trong nc ; trong dung dch KNO3 nng 0,01 m v
trong dung dch MgSO4 nng 0,005 m ( khi tnh hy vn dng nh lut gii
hn ca bai Hucken tm h s hot ion ).
30. tan ca AgIO3 trong nc 298 K bng 0,0505 g/L .
Xc nh :
a) Tch s tan nhit ng ca AgIO3;
b) tan ca AgIO3 trong dung dch nc ca Na2SO4 nng 0,01 M .
Trong tnh ton hy s dng phng trnh :
lg =
A. Z + .Z
1+ I
31. tan S ca mui phc :

[Co(NH3)4C2O4]+ [Co(NH3)2(NO2)2C2O4]- trong dung dch nc ca NaCl 25 C
c cho di y :
CNaCl [mol/ L]
S.103 [mol/ L]
0
0,490
0,001
0,500
0,005
0,522
0,01
0,540
0,02
0,565
Tnh :
a) Tch s tan nhit ng ca mui phc kh tan cho .
b) H s hot ion trung bnh ca phc mi nng .
c) Hng s A trong phng trnh gii hn bai Hucken .
32. Mac Innes v Shedlovsky ( J. Am Chem . Soc , 1937 59 503 ) thu c kt
qu di y v s ph thuc nng ca h s hot trung bnh ca KCl :
C
0,005
0,9274
0,01
0,9024
V th trong ta
0,02
0,8702
-
0,03
0,8192
0,04
0,8320
0,06
0,8070
0,08
0,7872
0,1
0,7718
v xc nh thng s kinh nghim a trong phng
tnh m rng ca bai- Hucken .
Bi tp ha l tp 3
33. Hng s phn li nhit ng ca mt axit HA bng 3,3.10-4 25 C . Tnh phn

li ca axit ny trong dung dch 0,2 M c cha thm MgCl2 1M .
34. dn in ring ca dung dch CH3COOH 0,05 N bng 0,000324( -1.cm-1) .
Xc nh dn in ng lng , phn li , nng ion H+ , v hng s
phn li Kc ca CH3COOH nu dn in ng lng ca dung dch axit
long v tn bng 347,8 -1.cm2.lg-1
35. Dung dch CuSO4 0,1 M c o trong bnh o dn in c nhng thng s k
thut nh sau : din tch mi in cc bng 4 cm2 , khong cch hai in cc bng
0,7 cm , in tr ca dung dch o c bng 23 . Xc nh dn in ring
v dn in ng lng ca dung dch CuSO4 .
36. 298 K , khi o in tr ca dung dch BaCl2 cc nng khc nhau thu
c kt qu nh sau :
C[mol /L]
R[ ]
0,0002
27520
0,0005
11160
0,001
5680
0,002
2905
Xc nh dn in mol gii hn long v tn ca dung dch BaCl2 , bit

rng hng s bnh bng 1,5 cm-1 .
37. 298 K , dung dch NH4Cl , NaCl v NaOH c dn in ng lng
long v tn ln lt bng 149,7 ; 126,45 ; v 217,8 -1.cm2.lg-1.
Tnh
ca dung dch amoniac .
38. Dung dch axit yu HA 298K v long 32 lit c dn in ng lng

bng 9,2 .cm-1.lg-1 .
ca dung dch ny bng 389 -1.cm2.lg-1 . Tnh nng ion H+ v hng s
phn li ca axit ny .
39. 298 K , dn in ng lng ca dung dch axit yu HA cc nng
khc nhau c cho di y :
C[mol /L]
[ -1.cm2.lg-1]
0,007335
193,9
0,001856
282,6
0,000466
347
0
386,1
Tnh gi tr trung bnh ca hng s phn li Kc .
Bi tp ha l tp 3
40. dn in ring ca dung dch H2SO4 4% 18 C bng 0,1675 . Khi lng

ring ca dung dch nhit ny bng 1,0255 g/cm3 . Xc nh ca dung dch
axit .
41. Dung dch bo ha AgBr c dn in ring bng 0,57.10-7 -1.cm-1 .
ca
-1
2
.cm . xc nh tan ca AgBr , biu th bng g/ L
dung dch ny bng 121,9
.
42. Dung dch CH3COOH nng 0,05 N c bng 3,24.10-4 -1.cm-1. Dung dch
NaCH3COO nng 0,0001 N c dn in ring bng 7,75.10-6 -1.cm-1.
Linh ion H+ v Na+ bng 314,9 v 43,5 -1.cm2.lg-1 . Xc nh hng s phn li
ca axit CH3COOH .
43. Hn hp mui nng chy KCl + NaCl 800C v c nng phn s mol ca
NaCl l 0,56 , c dn in ring bng 2,862 -1.cm-1 . Khi lng ring ca
dung dch mui nng chy 800C bng 1,484 g/ml . Xc nh dn in
ng lng ca dung dch .
44. Kt qu o
ca dung dch KCl 25 C theo nng c ghi li di y :
C[mol/ L]
[ -1.cm2.lg-1]
Xc nh
0,02
138,34
0,01
141,27
0,005
143,55
0,001
146,95
ca KCl .
45. dn in ring ca dung dch NaCl 18 C ph thuc vo nng nh sau :

C[mol/ L]
104. [ -1.cm-1]
0,0005
0,536
0,001
1,065
Tm phng trnh biu din s ph thuc ca
0,002
2,110
vo
0,005
5,170
46. Xc nh tc tuyt i ca ion MnO4- nu sau 10 pht ion chuyn di c mt

on bng 2,5 cm ; th hiu t vo hai cc cch nhau 16,13 cm c gi tr bng
120 von .
47. Xc nh tc tuyt i ca ion NH4+ nu dn din ring ca dung dch
NH4Cl 0,0001 N bng 1,29.10-5 -1.cm-1 v linh ion Cl- bng 64,9 -1.cm2.lg-1
.
Bi tp ha l tp 3
10
48. dn in ng lng ca natri lactat 25 C v cc nng khc nhau

c cho di y :
C.103
0,1539
87,89
0,3472
87,44
0,6302
86,91
1,622
85,80
2,829
84,87
4,762
83,78
V ng biu din ta v tm h s gc ca ng biu din thu c.

Xc nh
. So snh h s gc thc nghim vi gi tr thu c theo phng
trnh bai Onxygi .
49. Mt ng hnh tr di 100 cm , tit din ngang 2 cm2 cha 1 dung dch MCl 0,1 M
( cht in phn mnh ) . t vo hai u ng mt th hiu sao cho dng in i
qua dung dch c cng 0,01A . Nu ca ion M+ bng 60 -1.cm2.lg-1 ,tnh
tc ca ion (ra cm.s-1 ) bit rng ca MCl bng 136 .
50. Bnh o dn in c in tr 468 khi bnh cha dd HCl 0,001 M ; 1580 khi
cha dd NaCl 0,001 M v 1650 khi cha dd NaNO3 0,001 M . Bit rng ca
NaNO3 bng 121 . B qua s thay i theo nng , hy tnh :
a) dn in ring ca NaNO3 0,001 M .
b) Hng s bnh .
c) in tr ca bnh o khi bnh cha HNO3 0,001 M .
d) ca HNO3 .
51. dn in ring ca dung dch NaOH 0,1 M bng 0,0221 -1.cm-1 . Khi thm
mt ung dch HCl 0,1 M vi th tch tng ng vo dung dch trn th dn
in ring gim ti 0,0056 -1.cm-1 . Sau khi thm tip mt th tch tng ng
na ca HCl th t ti tr s 0,0170 -1.cm-1. Tnh dn in ng lng ca
NaOH , NaCl, HCl v ca H2O .
52. 298 K in tr ca mt bnh o dn in bng 220000 khi bnh ny cha
nc nguyn cht ; bng 100 khi cha dd KCl 0,02 M v bng 102000 khi
cha dd AgCl bo ha . Cng ti nhit d ny dn in ng lng ca AgCl
bng 126,8 -1.cm2.lg-1 ; ca KCl bng 138,3 -1.cm2.lg-1 .
Xc nh :
a) Hng s bnh .
b) dn in ring ca dd AgCl bo ha .
c) tan ca AgCl 25 C ra mol/ L .
Bi tp ha l tp 3
11
53. HCl, NaCl , NaCH3COO c dn in ng lng ln lt bng 420, 126, v

91 -1.cm2.lg-1 . Tnh ca CH3COOH .
in tr ca mt bnh o dn in cha CH3COOH 0,1 M bng 520 ; nhng
khi thm mt lng va NaCl tinh th vo dung dch trn c th t ti mt
dung dch NaCl c nng khong 0,01 M , th in tr lc ny bng 122 . Hi
hng s bnh bng bao nhiu ; tnh nng ion H+ .
54. Khi in phn dung dch CuCl20,01 N vi in cc graphit th c 0,3175 g Cu bm
vo Catot . gim CuCl2 khu catot tnh theo ng bng 0,1905 g . Tnh t+ v t.
55. dn in ng lng long v tn ca HCl 25 C bng 115 1
.cm2.lg-1 . S ti ca cation Li+ bng 0,33 . dn in ng lng long
v tn ca NH4CH3COO nhit ny bng 114,7 -1.cm2.lg-1 . S ti ca anion
CH3COO- bng 0,36 . Xc nh
ca LiCH3COO .
56. Tc tuyt i ca ion Ca2+ v NO3- khi cng in trng bng 1 V/cm l
0,00062 cm2/v.s v 0,00071 cm2/v.s . Xc nh s ti ca ion Ca2+ v NO3- trong
dung dch Ca(NO3)2 .
57. Ngi ta in phn mt dung dch CdCl2 vi in cc platin trong 1 gi , cng
dng l 0,2A . Bit s ti ion Cd2+ bng 0,414 , hy tnh gim CdCl2 (ra
gam) khu catot v anot .
58. Ngi ta in phn mt dd HCl 0,1 M vi cc in cc Pt . Sau in phn c 68,4
mg Cu bm vo catot ca culong k ng mc ni tip vi bnh in phn . S
phn tch 50 ml dd HCl khu anot sau in phn cho thy nng dd ny bng
0,0821 M .
a) Xc nh
v
.
b) Nu em phn tch 50 ml dd khu catot th nng dd s l bao nhiu?
59. Dung dch ZnCl2 0,15 m c in phn vi anot Zn . Sau in phn khu anot
thy c 0,8907 g ZnCl2 trong 38,6 g nc ; cn khu catot c 0,6560 g ZnCl2
trong 37 g nc . Trn catot ca culong k bc c 0,2728 g Ag bm vo . Xc nh
t+ v t- .
60. in phn dd AgNO3 cha 14,055 g AgNO3 trong 1000 g nc vi 2 cc bc .
Trong qu trnh in phn c 0,1020 g Ag bm vo catot . S phn tch khu anot
cho thy c 0,4109 g Ag trong 40 g nc . Xc nh
v t- .
Bi tp ha l tp 3
12
61. in phn mt dung dch cht in phn mnh AB vi cng dng 0,1 A trong
9650 giy . Dung dch AB c nng u bng 0,1 m . S phn tch dd AB sau
in phn cho thy c 0,0165 mol AB trong 100 g nc . Tm s ti ca anion A+
trong ddAB bit rng cc phn ng xy ra trong in phn l nh sau :
A e = A+ ( Anot )
A+ + e = A(Catot )
62. in phn mt dung dch AgX trong c 1,5 g AgX cha trong 101,5 g dung
dch . S in phn c tin hnh cho ti khi thu c 1,0787 g Ag bm vo
catot th dng li . em cn dd khu catot thy khi lng l 100,5 g v cha 0,5 g
AgX . Xc nh
trong dung dch AgX bit rng khi lng mol ca AgX l
150 .
63. in phn dd HCl 0,01 M vi 2 cc Pt . Khu catot cha 100 g dd ; s ti ion Cltrong dd HCl bng 0,18 . Hi phi in phn trongbao lu (tnh ra s) vi cng
dng l 0,1 A nng dung dch khu catot gim i 1%.
64. S ti ion Na+ trong dd NaCl 0,02 M c xc nh bng pp ranh gii di ng .
Dung dch c t trong ng hnh tr tit din ngang 0,1115 cm2 , cng dng
in i qua l 1,6.10-3 A . Sau 45 ph 57 s , ranh gii di chuyn c mt on
bng 8 cm . Hy tnh
.
65. xc nh s ti K+ ng ta s dng pp ranh gii di ng gia hai dd KCl 0,1 M v
LiCl 0,065 M trong dd LiCl c dng lm cht ch th . Cho bit cng
dng bng 5,893 mA ; tit din ngang ca ng o l 11,42 mm2 , tc di ng
ca ranh gii l 0,0263 mm/ giy . Hy xc nh s tI v tc tuyt i ca ion
K+ bit E = 4 V.
66. Trong pp ranh gii di ng , xc nh s ti ngi ta s dng mt ng hnh tr
ng knh 1,5 cm v t vo 2 dung dch tip xc nhau ; dd NiSO4 0,02 N v
dd K2SO4 . Cho mt dng in cng 0,002 A qua ng trong 3 gi . Hi ranh
gii tip xc hai dd s di chuyn c 1 on bng bao nhiu bit rng
=
0,404 .
67. Nm 1923 Mac Innes v Smith xc nh s ti ca ion K+ bng pp ranh gii di
ng vi cc thng s sau y :
Dung dch nghin cu l KCl 0,1 N .

Dung dch ch th l LiCl 0,065 N .
I = 0,005893 A .
Tit din ng l 0,1142 cm2 .
Bi tp ha l tp 3
13
Kt qu o c ghi li di y :
Khong cch di ng
(cm)
Thi gian (s)
0,5
5,50
5,80
6,10
6,70
1900
2016
2130
2357
2472
Xc nh s ti trung bnh ca ion K+ .

Bit cng in trng bng 4(v/ cm) , xc nh tc tuyt i ca ion K+ .
B.2. Gi v p n.
1. Tham kho gio trnh ha l 3
7.
1033, 4
0,013T + 2,52
T
1033, 4
ln K c = 2,303(
0,013T + 2,52)
T
2379,92
ln K c
0,03T + 5,8
T
lg K c =
Ta c :
d ln K c H dli
=
dT
RT 2
H
= RT 2 (
dli
= RT 2
d ln K c
RT 2
dT
d(
2379,92
0,03T + 5,8)
T
dT
2379,92
0,03)
T2
Bi tp ha l tp 3
14
Thay:
T = 298K
R 8,314
H dli = 2362,84(J/mol) -2,363(KJ/mol)

8.
mH 2 SO4 = 2,45( g )
Tb = 0,2055C
K b = 1,86
n
2,45
m = 1000 =
1000 = 0,05m
g
98.500
Ta c h s ng trng:
i=
T
0,2055
=
2.21
K b m 1,86.0,05
9.
mCH 3COOH = 0,66( g )

Tb = 0, 21
K b = 1,86
n
0,66.1000
m = 1000 =
= 0,11m
g
60.100
i=
T
0, 21
=
1,0264
K b m 1,86.0,11
Li c :
i 1 1,0264 1
0,0264
1
2 1
nh => ax CH3COOH l mt ax yu
10.
Bi tp ha l tp 3
15
C 2
Kc =
1
K c (1 ) 1,79.105 (1 0,02)
C =
=
= 0,044(mol/L)
2
0,022
OH = C = 0,02.0,044 = 8,88.104
11.
Ta c: dd ng phn t CH3COOH(1) v C6H5COOH(2)
=>gi s ban u :
CCH COOH = CC H COOH = 1

3
Kc =
C
1
2
K c1 = 6,3.105
K c 2 = 1,79.105
1 = H +
(1)
2 = H +
4,222.103
(2)
7,906.103
H
(1)
1,873
+
H
(2)

Bi tp ha l tp 3
16
18.
Ta c :
m = + . .m
+
1 n
I= mi .Zi 2
2 i =1
TH1 : ha tr 1-1
m = 2 1.1m = m
1
2
I= (m.1 + m.1) = m
m =I
TH2 : ha tr 1-2
m = 3 22.12 m = 3 4m
1
I= (2m.1 + m.22 ) = 3m
2
m < I
TH3 : ha tr 2-2(tng t)
m < I
TH4 : ha tr 1-3(tng t)
m < I
19.
BaCl = 0,501
2
m = + . .m = 3 1.22 .0,1 = 3 4.0,1 0,159

a = .m 0,501.0,159 0,08
+
a = a 0,083 5,12.104
20. Tng t bi 19
/s:
a = 0,0148
a = a 2 = 2,19.104
Bi tp ha l tp 3
17
21.
mK3Fe (CN )6 = 0,001

1
I= (3.0,001 + 32.0,001) = 6.103
2
lg = A. Z + .Z I
lg = 0,509. 3.1 6.103 0,12
0,76
22. Tng t bi 21
Ta c : I = 0,021
S dng cng thc bai- Hucken:
lg = A. Z + .Z
0,601
23.
Xt trong 1000(g) dd :
m BaCl2 = 1000.0,5% = 5( g )
nBaCl2 = 0,024(mol )
1
I= (0,024.22 + 2.0,024) = 0,072 > 0,01
2
A. Z + .Z I 0,509. 2.1 0,072
lg =
=
1+ I
1 + 0,072
0,61
24.
1
I= (0,002 + 0,002 + 0,001.32 + 0,001.3) = 8.103
2
lg = A.Z 2 . I
lg Na + = 0,509.12. 8.103 Na + = Cl = NO 0,9
3
lg La3+ = 0,509.3 . 8.10

2
Bi tp ha l tp 3
La3+ 0,39
18
25.
CdI2 c : = 0,506
CdI2 0,005m :
1
I= (0,005.22 + 0,005.2) = 0,015
2
lg = A. Z + .Z I
A=
lg
lg 0,506
=
1, 208
Z + .Z I 2.1. 0,015
CdI2 0,002m :
1
I= (0,002.22 + 0,002.2) = 0,006
2
lg = 1, 208.2. 0,006
0,65
26.
CH2ClCOOH 0,01M c = 0,33
Gi ax monocloaxetic c CTTQ l HA
Phng trnh phn li :
HA H + + A
Ka =
aH + .a A
aHA
CH + .C A . H + A
CHA HA
CH + .C A . 2
CHA HA
CH + = C A = 0,01 = 3,3.103
CHA = 0,01(1 ) = 6,7.103
Ta c :
I=
1
Ci .Zi
2
i vi cht in phn 1-1: I = C = 0,01.033 = 3,3.10-3

Theo bai Hucken :
lg = A. Z + .Z
I = 0,509 3,3.103
0,935
(3,3.103 ) 2
Ka =
.0,9352 1,42.103
3
6,7.10
Bi tp ha l tp 3
19
27.
Ta c : TtAgCl= 1,71.10-10
Tt AgCl = a Ag + .aCl = C Ag + .CCl . 2 S 2 2

Trong nc :
I=0
lg = 0 = 1
S1 = Tt AgCl 1,31.105
Trong dd KCl 0,01m :
Tt AgCl = C Ag + .CCl . 2 S ( S + 0.01) 2

I = 0,01
lg = 0,501 = 0,889
1,71.1010
S ( S + 0.01) =
S 2,16.108
2
0,889
28.
Nng mi ca cc cht sau khi pha trn :
0,1.0,1
= 0,05M
0, 2
0, 2.0,1
= 0,1M
C NaA =
0, 2
1
I= (0,05 + 0,05 + 0,1 + 0,1) = 0,15
2
A.Z 2 I 0,509. 0,15
lg H + =
=
1+ I
1 + 0,15
H + 0,721
CHA =
Ta c :
pH = 4,95
lg aH + = 4,95 lg CH + . H + = 4,95
CH + 1,56.105 = x
Phng trnh phn li :
Bi tp ha l tp 3
20
NaA Na + + A
0,1 0,1 0,1( M )
HA H + + A
C 0,05
[ ] (0,05-x)
0,1 (M)
(0,1+x)
H + . A
Ka =
3,12.105
[ HA]
29.
Tng t bi 27, ta c :
Tt AgCl S 2 2
S
Tt
Trong dd nc :
I=0
S 1,33.105
Trong dd KNO3 0,01m
I = 0,01
S 1,5.105
Trong dd MgSO4 0,005m
I = 0,02
S 1,57.105
30.
Tng t bi 29,ch :
S AgIO3 = 0,0505( g / L) =
0,0505
(mol / L)
283
a) Trong nc :
I=0
Bi tp ha l tp 3
21
Tt AgCl = (
0,0505 2
) 3,18.108
283
b) Trong dd Na2SO4 0,01m :

I = 0,03
0,84
S = 2,123.104 (mol / L) = 2,123.283 = 0,06( g / L)

31.
a) Tnh lc ion da vo nng tng cu t phn li bi mui t tan ( trng hp
nng ca NaCl = 0). Sau tnh h s hot trung bnh ly A = 0,509. Sau tnh
c h s hot trung bnh. T tnh c hot . Sau tnh c tch s tan.
b) Lm ngc li so vi cu a
c) Tnh A trong tng trng hp, sau ly trung bnh cng
32. Tng t bi 36.

33.
C 2
= 0,04
1
H + = Ac = C = 0, 2.0,04 = 0,08
Kc =
Trong dd c thm MgCl2 1M
1
I= (0,08 + 0,08 + 22.1 + 2.12 ) = 3,08
2
0,509. 3,08
lg =
0,474
1 + 3,08
Ka =
aH + .a A
aHA
CH + .C A . 2
CHA HA
(0,2 ' ) 2
=
.0,4742 = 3,3.104
'
0,2.(1 )
' = 0,082
34.
Dd CH3COOH 0,05N c :
= 0,000324(1.cm 1 )
= 347,8(1.cm2 .d lg 1 )
Bi tp ha l tp 3
22
Ta c :
1000 1000.0,000324
=
= 6, 48
C
0,05
6, 48
=
0,0186
347,8
Li c :
CH + = 0,05. = 9,3.104
0,05. 2
Kc =
= 1,76.105
1
35.
Ta c :
R=
l
RS 23.4 920
=
=
=
(.cm)
S
l
0,7
7
dn in ring :
7,6.103 (1.cm 1 )
Dd CuSO4 c CM = 1M => CN = CM.n = 0,1.2 = 0,2N

dn in ng lng :
1000 1000.7,6.103
=
=
38( 1.cm 2 .d lg 1 )
C
0,2
36.
R=
; =
1000
1000.k
=
C
R.C
Vy ta c bng:
Bi tp ha l tp 3
0,014142
0,02236
0,0316
0,04472
272,53
268,8
264,08
258,17
23
y=
x= C
Ngoi suy th thu c dn in mol gii hn ca dung dch long v
tn l: 280 -1.cm2.mol-1
37.
( NH OH ) = ( NH Cl ) ( NaCl ) + ( NaOH )
4
= 149,7 126,45 + 217,8 = 241,05(1.cm2 .d lg 1 )

38.
1
= 0,03125M
32
9,2
=
=
0,02365
389
C=
CH + = C 0,03125.0,02365 7,4.104
C 2 0,03125.0,023652
Kc =
=
1,8.105
1
1 0,02365
39.
Bi tp ha l tp 3
24
C. 2
KC =
1
ng vi C= 0 s l n in ng lng long v tn.
Vy ta c bng:
C
0,007335
0,001865
0,000466
193,9
282,6
347
386,1
Kc
0,5022
-3
3,72.10
0,732
3,73.10
0,9
-3
3,7746.10
1
-3
Vy:
Kc = 3 K1.K 2 .K3 = 3 3, 72.3, 73.3, 7746.103 3, 74.103

40.
Ta c : C%= 4%
10 D
10.1,0255
= 4.
= 0, 4186 M
M
98
CN = CM .n = 0,4186.2 = 0,8372 N
CM = C %.
1000 1000.0,1675
=
= 200,1( 1.cm 2 .d lg 1 )
CN
0,8372
41.
Ta c :
Bi tp ha l tp 3
25
AgBr = 0,57.107 (( 1.cm 1 )

= 121,9( 1.cm 2 .d lg 1 )
=
=
Li c :
1000 1000
=
CN
S
1000
1000 1000.0,57.107
S=
=
4,676.107 M
S
121,9
= 4,676.107.188 = 8,79.105 ( g / L)
42.
CN (CH3COOH ) = 0,05 N ; = 3,24.104 ( 1.cm 1 )

CN (CH3COONa ) = 0,0001; = 7,75.106 ( 1.cm 1 )
( H ) = 314,9( 1.cm 2 .d lg 1 )
+
( Na ) = 43,5( 1.cm 2 .d lg 1 )
+
(CH COOH )
1000.3,24.104
=
= 6,48( 1.cm 2 .d lg 1 )
0,05
(CH COONa )
1000.7,75.106
=
= 77,5( 1.cm 2 .d lg 1 ) (CH 3COONa )
0,0001
Ta c :
(CH COOH )= ( CH COONa ) + ( H ) ( Na ) = 77,5 + 314,9 43,5 = 348,9

3
6, 48
=
0,0186
348,9
Kc =
C 2 0,05.0,01862
1,76.105
1
1 0,0186
43.
= 2,862; xNaCl = 0,56; xKCl = 0, 44

Xt trong 1 lit hn hp :
Bi tp ha l tp 3
26
mhh = V .d = 1000.1,484 = 1484( g )

Gi s mol hh l a
nNaCl = 0,56a
nKCl = 0,44a
0,56a.58,5 + 0,44a.74,5 = 1484
a = 22,643 = CM = C N
=
1000 1000.2,862
=
126,4( 1.cm 2 .d lg 1 )
CN
22,643
44.
0,1412
0,1
0,07
0,032
138,34
141,27
143,55
146,95
y=
x= C
Ngoi suy th thu c dn in mol gii hn ca dung dch long v
tn l: 149,1 -1.cm2.mol-1
45. Coi s ph thuc ca vo

C tun theo phng trnh bc nht dng:
y = ax + b ging dng ca phng trnh Debye Onxaygio. (Ch l phng trnh gn
ng) trong :
y=
x= C
Bi tp ha l tp 3
27
Mt khc:
1000
C
Ta c bng sau:
C
C
.104
0,0005
0,0224
0,001
0,032
0,002
0,0447
0,005
0,07
0,536
107,2
1,065
106,5
2,11
105,5
5,17
103,4
T : Th cc gi tr ca bng vo hm s y = ax + b ta c cc h phng trnh

sau:
107,2 = 0,0224.a + b a = 73
106,5
=
0,032.
a
+
b
b = 108,83
105,5 = 0,0447.a + b a = 83
103,4 = 0,07.a + b
b = 109,21
105,5 = 0,0447.a + b
a = 76,23
107,2 = 0,0224.a + b b = 109

103,4 = 0,07.a + b
a = 81,58
106,5 = 0,032.a + b
b = 109,11
Vy:
a = 78,4525
b = 109,0375
46.
U = 120V ; d =16,13(cm) ;
U 120
=
7,44(V / cm)
d 16,13
2,5
v=
4,167.103 (cm.s 1 )
10.60
E=
Tc tuyt i ca ion MnO4- :
v 4,167.103
V=
0,56.103 (cm 2 .V 1.s 1 )
E
7, 44
Bi tp ha l tp 3
28
47.
Dd NH4Cl c :
= 1,29.105
1000 1000.1, 29.105
=
=
= 129( 1.cm2 .d lg 1 ) ( NH 4Cl )
CN
0,0001
Ta c :
( NH
= ( NH 4Cl ) ( Cl )
= 129 64,9 = 64,1( 1.cm2 .d lg 1 )

Tc tuyt i ca ion NH4+:
( NH
V=
64,1
6,64.104 (cm 2 .V 1.s 1 )
96500
48. Tng t bi 36.

49.
Tc i tuyt i ca M+ :
60
= 6,22.104
F 96500
1000
C 0,1.136
=
= N =
= 0,0136
1000
1000
CN
VM + =
Li c :
i
I
I
0,01
25
=
E=
=
=
.S 0,0136.2 68
E S .E
25
v = V .E 6, 22.104. 2,29.104 (cm.s 1 )
68
50.
a)
NaNO =
3
CN 0,001.121
=
= 1,21.104 (1.cm1 )
1000
1000
b) Ta c :
1
k k = .R = 1,21.104.1650 0, 2(cm 1 )
R
c)
Bi tp ha l tp 3
29
1
0, 2
k=
4,274.104
R
468
0, 2
NaCl =
1, 266.104
1580
HNO3 = HCl NaCl + NaNO3
HCl =
4, 274.104 1, 266.104 + 1, 21.104 4, 218.104

Li c :
HNO =
3
1
RHNO3
.k RHNO3 =
HNO
0, 2
474, 2()
4, 218.10 4
d)
HNO =
3
1000 1000.4, 218.104
421,8( 1.cm 2 .d lg 1 )
CN
0,001
51.
NaOH = 0,0221 NaOH =
1000.0,0221
= 221( 1.cm 2 .d lg 1 )
0,1
Gi th tch ban u l 1(L)

Thm 1(L) dd HCl vo th Vmi = 2(L)
NaOH + HCl NaCl + H 2O

0,05
NaCl =
0,05
->
0,05
1000.0,0056
= 112( 1.cm 2 .d lg 1 )
0,1
2
Thm 1(L) dd HCl 0,1M th V mi = 3(L)
1000.0,017
= 510
0,1
3
= 510 112 = 398( 1.cm 2 .d lg 1 )
( NaCl + HCl ) =
HCl
H 2O = NaOH + HCl NaCl

= 221 + 398 112 = 507( 1.cm 2 .d lg 1 )
52.
a)
Bi tp ha l tp 3
30
1
k k = .R
R
CN 138,3.0,02
KCl =
= 2,766.103 ( 1.cm 1 )
1000
1000
k = KCl .RKCl = 2,766.103.100 = 0,2766(cm 1 )
b)
AgCl =
1
RAgCl
k=
1
.0, 2766 2,71.106 ( 1.cm 1 )
3
102.10
c)
AgCl = AgCl (bh ) H O = AgCl (bh )

2
1
RH 2O
0,2766
1,453.106
4
22.10
1000. 1000.1, 453.106
=
=
1,146.105 (mol / L)
126,8
2,71.106
S AgCl C AgCl
53.
HCl = 420; NaCl = 126; NaAc = 91

R1 = 520(); R2 = 122();
Ta c :
HAc = HCl NaCl + NaAc = 420 126 + 91 = 385

C
1
C
HAc = N HAc = .k k = N HAc .R1 (1)
1000
R1
1000
Li c :
HAc + NaCl =
k =(
CNHAc CNaCl NaCl

1
+
= .k
1000
1000
R2
CNHAc + CNaCl NaCl

).R2 (2)
1000
T (1) v (2) :
Bi tp ha l tp 3
31
R1.CNHAc = R2 .(CNHAc + CNaCl NaCl )

( R1.CN .HAc R2 .CN .HAc ) = R2 .CNaCl NaCl
0,01
520.385.0,1.0,01
k =
0,2(cm 1 )
1000
CH + = C = 0,1.0,01 = 0,001M
54.
gim CuCl2 khu catot :
m c =
0,1905
3.103 (mol )
63,54
S Faraday lu thng trong qu trnh in phn :
F=
0,3175
5.103
63,54
m c 3.103
tCl =
=
= 0,6
F
5.103
tCu 2+ = 1 0,6 = 0,4
55.
( HCl ) = 115; ( NH CH COO ) = 114,7

4
t Li + = 0,33; tCH COO = 0,36

3
Ta c :
tCH COO =
3
( CH COO
3
tCH COO
3
( NH CH COO )
4
t Li+
( Li
( Li + ) =
( CH COO
3
(CH COO ) = 0,36.114,7 = 41,292
41,292.0,33
= 37,851
0,36
( LiCH3COO ) = ( Li+ ) + (CH COO ) = 41,292 + 37,851 = 79,143

3
56.
Bi tp ha l tp 3
32
tCa2 +
t NO
VCa 2+
VNO
3
t 2+
0,00062 62
=
= Ca
0,00071 71 1 tCa 2+
tCa 2+ = 0,466; t NO = 0,534

3
57.
tCd 2+ =
m a
m a = tCd 2+ .(m a + mc )
m a + mc
A It
112.3600.0,2
.
=
0,418( g )
n 96500
2.96500
0,418.183
mCdCl2
0,683( g ) = m a + mc
112
m a = 0,414.0,683 0,283( g )
mCd 2+ =
mc = 0,683 0,283 = 0,4( g )

58.
Lng HCl trong 50 cm3 dd trc in phn :
0,1.0,05 = 0,005(mol )
Lng HCl trong 50 cm3 dd khu anot sau in phn :
0,0821.0,05 = 4,105.103 (mol )

gim lng HCl khu Anot :
m a = 0,005 4,105.103 = 8,95.104 (mol )

S Faraday lu thng trong qu trnh in phn :
68, 4.103
F=
1,077.103
63,54
m a 8,95.104
tH + =
=
0,83
F
1,077.103
tCl = 1 0,83 = 0,17
Li c :
tCl =
m c
m c = F .tCl = 1,077.10 3.0,17 1,83.104
F
Trong 50 cm3 dd HCl khu Catot sau in phn ,lng HCl :
0,005 1,83.104 = 4,817.103 (mol ) = 0,0963M

Bi tp ha l tp 3
33
59.
1
1 0,2728
FZn2+ = FAg + = .
1,263.103
2
2 108
gim lng CdCl2 khu anot :
0,8907
0,15.38,6
m a =
+ 1, 263.103
5,2.104
65,34 + 71
1000
gim lng CdCl2 khu catot :
0,656
0,15.37
m c =
7,385.104
65,34 + 71
1000
m a
5,2.104
0,4132
t+ =
m a + mc 5,2.104 + 7,385.104
t = 1 t+ 1 0,4132 0,5868
60.
Lng AgNO3 c trong 40(g) nc trc in phn :
14,055.40
3,307.103
1000.170
Lng AgNO3 c trong 40(g) nc khu catot sau in phn :
0,4109
3,805.103
108
tng lng AgNO3 :
ma 3,805.103 3,307.103 0, 498.103

0,102
9,44.104
108
m a 0,498.103
t =
0,5275
F
9,44.104
t+ = 1 t 1 0,5275 0,4725
F=
61.
Khi lng cht thot ra in cc :
Bi tp ha l tp 3
34
A It
A It
.
A.n = .
1 96500
1 96500
0,1.9650
n=
= 0,01 = F
96500
m=
Lng AB c trong 100(g) dd u : (0,1.100)/1000 = 0,01(mol)

tng lng AB :
m a = 0,0165 0,01 = 6,5.103 (mol )

m a 6,5.103
t =
=
= 0,65
F
0,01
t+ = 1 t = 1 0,65 = 0,35
62.
Trong 100,5(g) dd trc in phn, lng AgX :
1,5.100,5
9,9.103
150.101,5
Trong 100,5(g) dd khu catot sau in phn, lng AgX :
0,5
3,33.103
150
gim lng AgX :
mc 9,9.103 3,33.103 6,57.103

1,0787
9,988.103
108
m c 6,57.103
t =
0,66
F
9,988.103
t+ = 1 t 1 0,66 0,34
F=
63.
Lng HCl ban u c trong 100(g) dd :
0,01.0,1 = 0,001(mol )
gim lng HCl khu catot sau in phn:
mc = 0,001.1% = 105 (mol )

m c
m c 105
t =
F=
=
F
t
0,18
Li c :
Bi tp ha l tp 3
35
105
96500.
It
96500.F
0,18
F=
t =
=
53,6( s )
1.96500
I
0,1.
64.
Theo pp ranh gii di ng,ta c :
t Na + =
F .V .C + 96500.0,1115.8.0,02
=
0,39
1000.It
1000.1,6.103.2757
65.
Tng t bi 64, pdng cho thi gian 1(s),ta c :
t K + 0,492
Tc tuyt i ca ion K+ :
VK + =
v 0,00263
=
= 6,575.104 (cm 2 .V 1.s 1 )
E
4
66.
Ta c :
F .V .C +
t Ni2 + =
1000.It
1000.It.t Ni2 + 1000.0,002.3.3600.0, 404
V =
=
4,529(cm3 )
+
F .C
96500.0,02
Qung ng ranh gii di chuyn c :
V
4,52
=
2,56(cm)
r 2 .0,752
67.
Vi k.c = 5,5(cm) ; t = 1900(s)
tK + =
F .V .C + 96500.0,1142.5,5.0,1
=
0,541
1000.It 1000.0,005893.1900
Tng t :
Vi k.c = 5,8(cm) ; t = 2016(s)
t K + 0,538
Vi k.c = 6,10(cm) ; t = 2130(s)
t K + 0,536
Bi tp ha l tp 3
36
Vi k.c = 6,70(cm) ; t = 2357(s)
t K + 0,532
Vi k.c = 7(cm) ; t = 2472(s)
tK + 0,53
S ti trung bnh :
t K + 5 0,541.0,538.0,536.0,532.0,53 0,5354
Ta c , th tch ranh gii di chuyn c trong 1(s) :
V=
1000.It.t K +
F .C +
1000.0,005893.1.0,5354
3, 27.104
96500.0,1
V 3, 27.104
v=
2,8634.103 (cm / s )
s
0,1142
Tc tuyt i ca ion K+ :
v 2,8634.103
V=
7,16.104 ((cm 2 .V 1.s 1 )
E
4
Bi tp ha l tp 3
37
Chng 2: Nguyn t Ganvani

------------888-----------
A. L thuyt ch o
A.1. in cc, phn loi in cc
A.1.1. in cc.
in cc l mt h thng gm mt cht dn in tip xc vi hn hp cc cht
dng oxi ha v dng kh.
A.1.2.Phn loi in cc.
* in cc loi 1: l mt h gm kim loi hoc kim (dng kh) c nhng vo
dung dch cha ion ca kim loi hoc kim (dng oxi-ha). S in cc kim loi
c vit nh sau: Mn+/M v phn ng in cc tng ng: Mn+ + ne M. Phng trnh
Nerst i vi in cc ny:
n+
/M
= Mo n+ / M +
RT aM +
ln
nF
aM
i vi kim loi nguyn cht, ngi ta chp nhn hot ca M bng 1, nn

phng trnh thc cht l:
n+
/M
= Mo n+ / M +
RT
ln aM +
nF
in cc loi 2: l h trong 1 kim loi c ph mt cht kh tan (mui

hoc oxit, hidroxit) v nhng trong dung dch ch anion ca hp cht kh tan . in
cc c biu din nh sau: M.MA/An-. Phng trnh Nerst v phn ng trong pin:
MA + ne M + An-
M , MA/ A = Mo , MA/ A +
n
RT
a
ln MA
nF aM .a An
* in cc loi 3: l mt h gm 2 kim loi tip xc vi 2 mui kh tan cha

chung anion, c nhng vo dung dch cha cation ca mui kh tan th hai.
VD:
Ca2+ | CaCO3 PbCO3, Pb
* Ngoi ra cn mt s loi in cc khc nh: in cc oxi-hoa kh (in cc
Redox), in cc kh, in cc thy tinh, in cc hn hng. (Tham kho thm gio
trnh).
A.2. Mt s loi mch.
A.2.1. Mch nng
L mt h in ha trong 2 in cc ging nhau v bn cht nhng khc nhau
v hot ca cc cht.
Bi tp ha l tp 3
38
A.2.1.1. Mch nng khng ti

Gm 3 loi:
a) Vi 2 in cc ging nhau v 2 dung dch ging nhau v bn cht nhung khc
nhau v nng , hai dung dch ny khng tip xc vi nhau.
b) Vi 2 in cc hn hng cng bn cht nhung khc nhau v nng , tip xc
vi dung dch in phn.
c) Vi in cc kh cng bn cht nhng khc nhau v p sut kh trn in cc,
tip xc vi dung dch in phn.
A.2.1.2. Mch nng c ti.
c gi l mch c ti khi 2 in cc ging nhau v bn cht nhng vo 2 dung
dch ging nhau v bn cht nhng khc nhau v nng , 2 dung dch ny cch nhau
bng 1 mng xp hn ch s pha trn. Ti gianh gii gia 2 dung dch xut hin mt
th khuch tn m nguyn nhn l do s khc nhau v linh gia cation v anion trong
qu trnh khuch tn t nI c nng cao ti ni c nng thp.
C 2 loi mch nng c ti l:
a) Ti cation:
E = t
RT a2
RT a2
ln = 2t
ln
nF a1
nF a1
E = t+
RT a2
RT a2
ln = 2t+
ln
nF a1
nF a1
b) Ti anion
A.2.2. Mch ha hc
Mch ha hc cn c gi l pin ha hc l pin c 2 in cc khc nhau v thnh
phn ha hc c ghp li vi nhau. Mch ha hc gm nhiu loi, c loi n gin, loi
phc tp.
A.2.3.Mch vt l
C 2 loi chnh l mch trng trng v mch th hnh.
A.3. Mt s cng thc cn nh.
A.3.1.Phng trnh Nerst:
= o +
R.T Oxh
ln
nF
Kh
nu iu kin 25oC, p sut kh quyn th:
= o +
0, 059 Oxh
lg
n
Kh
Th in cc ca 1 in cc (na nguyn t) l sc in ng ca nguyn t

Ganvani cu to bi in cc Hidro chun ghp bn traisow nguyn t v in cc
Bi tp ha l tp 3
39
kho st. Th in cc c th m hoc dbg. Theo quy c th sc in ng ca pin

c tnh bng hiu s gia th in cc dng v m.
A.3.2. Cng thc tnh S, H, G trong pin.
E
S = nF
T P
E
H = nF T
T P
G = H T .S
T p
Trong :
l h s nhit ca sc in ng.
B. Bi tp
B.1. bi
1. Th no l nguyn t Ganvani lm vic thun nghch nhit ng ? Cho v d.
2. Sc in ng ca nguyn t Ganvani l g ? Sc in ng hnh thnh nh th
no? o n nh th no ?
3. Th in cc l g ? Bng thc nghim ngi ta xc nh th in cc nh th
no ?
4. Cho bit quy c v cch vit s , v du ca sc in ng v th in cc.
5. S ph thuc ca sc in ng vo nhit c biu th bng phng trnh:
E = a + bT. Hy biu th cc i lng S, G, H di dng mt hm ca
nhit .
6. Vit cc phn ng in cc v phn ng tng qut xy ra trong cc nguyn t
sau:
Zn | ZnSO4 || CuSO4 | Cu
Ag, AgCl | CuCl2 | Cu
(Pt) H2 | H2SO4 | Hg2SO4 | Hg
(Pt) H2 | HCl | Cl2
Ag, AgCl | KCl | Hg2Cl2 , Hg
7. Cho cc in cc :
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
Cd | Cd2+ (a = 0,1 )
(Pt) Cl2 (p = 1 atm) | Cl- (a = 0,01)
Ag, AgBr | Br- (a = 0,005)
(Pt) | Sn2+ (a = 0,02), Sn4+ (a =0,001)
Bi tp ha l tp 3
40
(e)
Hg, Hg2SO4 | SO42- (a = 0,015)
a.Vit cc phn ng in cc v tnh th in cc.

b. Nu ghp tong i in cc a c, a d , b c to thnh pin th
hy vit s nguyn t v tnh sc in ng ca tong pin.
8. Thit lp nguyn t Ganvani da trn cc phn ng tng qut sau:
Cd + CuSO4 Cu + CdSO4
2 Ag+ + H2 2 Ag + 2H+
Ag+ + I- AgI
H2 + Cl2 2HCl
Zn + Hg2SO4 ZnSO4 + 2Hg
Pb + 2HCl PbCl2 + H2
9. 25oC sc in ng ca pin trong xy ra phn ng:
Cd + PbCl2 CdCl2 + Pb
bng 0,188V. Tnh H v S bit:
E
4
1
= 4,8.10 (V .K )
T p
10. Sc in ng ca nguyn t trong tin hnh phn ng:

1
Ag + H 2 AgCl + Hg
2
25oC bng 0,0455V v 20oC bng 0,0421V. Xc nh S, G, H 25oC.

11. 25oC sc in ng chun Eo ca cc nguyn t Ganvani
Pb,PbCl2 | KCl | AgCl, Ag
Pb, PgI2 | KI | AgI, Ag
Tng ng bng 0,4902V v 0,2111 V. H s nhit ca sc in ng
tng ng bng -0,000186 VK-1 v -0,000127 VK-1 .
Xc nh Go. Ho i vi phn ng:
PbI2 + 2AgCl PbCl2 + 2AgI
12. 25oC sc in ng chun Eo ca pin:
(Pt)H2 (1atm) | H2SO4 (m) | Ag2SO4, Ag
bng: 0,627V
a. Vit phn ng trn tng in cc v phn ng xy ra trong pin.
Bi tp ha l tp 3
41
b. Tnh sc in ng ca pin nu m = 0,1 (b qua h s hot )

c. Tnh sc in ng bit rng i vi H2SO4 0,1m, h s hot = 0, 7
13. Cho pin in (Pt) H2(1 atm) | NaOH(m) | HgO, Hg 25oC E =0.9224V
a. Vit cc phn ng in cc v phn ng tng qut
b. Tnh Eo 25oC
c. Tnh E 308K nu H =146,3 kJ
14. Tnh sc in ng ca pin nng 25oC
Ag| AgNO3 0,05N || AgNO3 2N | Ag
15. Tnh sc in ng 25oC i vi pin:
Cu | CuSO4 0,001M || CuSO4 0,1 M | Cu
Nu i vi dung dch CuSO4 0,001M h s hot bng 0,74 v i vi dung
dch CuSO4 0,1 M h s hot bng 0,16.
16. Sc in ng ca pin nng 25oC
Ag | Ag+ ( a=0,001) || Ag+ ( a=x) | Ag
bng 0,0579 V, xc nh x.
17. Tnh sc in ng ca nguyn t Ganvani:
(Pt) H2(1atm) | HCl(a = 0,001)
nu 25oC
HCl (a=0,92) | H2(1atm) (Pt)
( H ) = 349, 7; (Cl ) = 76,3 1.dlg 1.cm 2

+
18. Tnh sc in ng ca pin:

(Pt) H2 (1atm)| HCl(m=0,01) | AgCl, Ag Ag, AgCl | HCl (m=0,1) | H2(1atm) (Pt)
Nu ti m = 0,01, h s hot trung bnh ca HCl bng 0,904 v ti 0,1 bng
0,796.
19. Tnh s ti ca ion Cu2+ trong dung dch CuSO4 long bit rng 25oC sc
in ng ca nguyn t c nng ti:
Cu | CuSO4 (0,001m)
bng 0,0268 V v
vi dung dch 0,01m.
Bi tp ha l tp 3
CuSO4 (0,01m) | Cu
(CuSO4 ) = 0,74 i vi dung dch 0,001m v bng 0,44 i
42
20. 25oC Abic v Kamming o sc in ng ca pin nng c ti:

Ag | AgNO3 (0,01N)
AgNO3 (0,1N) | Ag
v tim thy E = 0,059 V. So snh gi tr ny vi gi tr tnh ton da vo

cc d kin:
AgNO3 0,1N
AgNO3 0,01N
h s hot trung bnh: 0,733

h s hot trung bnh: 0,892
t+ = 0,468
t+ = 0,468
21. Mt nguyn t Ganvani gm hai in cc hidro c nhng vo dung dch

HCl 0,1M. in cc hidro th nht c x l bng hidro nguyn cht di p sut kh
quyn, in cc hidro th 2 c x l bng hn hp kh Hidro v argon cng di p sut
kh quyn. Xc nh nng phn mol ca hidro trong hn hp trn nu 300K sc in
ng ca nguyn t ny bng 10mV. Cho bit chiu ca dng in mch ngoi khi ni 2
in cc bng dy dn.
22. Cho mch c nng ti:
Hg, Hg2Cl2 | NaCl (0,1m)
NaCl(0,001m) | Hg2Cl2 , Hg
a. Vit phn ng in cc v phn ng tng qut

b. Vit phng trinh biu th sc in ng 25oC
c. Tnh sc in ng ny 25oC nu t+ = 0,4 i vi dung dch NaCl v
nu h s hot trung bnh ca NaCl 0,1m bng 0,6 v ca NaCl 0,001m bng 1.
d. Tnh sc in ng trong trng hp b qua th khuch tn v h s
hot .
23. 25oC sc in ng ca mch:
(Pt)H2(1atm) | H+ || KCl 0,1N | Hg2Cl2, Hg
bng 0,5 V. Xc nh pH ca dung dch tip xc vi in cc hidro bit th
in cc ca Calomen 25oC bng 0,3338V
24. xc nh pH ca mt dung dich axit, ngi ta lp mch:
Hg, Hg2Cl2 | KCl 0,1N || Quinhidron, H+ | Pt
v o sc in ng 25oC, E = 0,096V.
Hy xc inh pH ca dung dch bit th chun ca in cc Quinhidron
bng 0,6994 Vv th in cc ca Calomen trng hp ny bng 0,3338 V.
25. Thit lp nguyn t in ha cho php xc nh hot ca ZnCl2 trong H2O.
(Pt) H2(1atm) | H2SO4 (m) | Hg2SO4, Hg
Bi tp ha l tp 3
43
bng 0,754 V nu m = 0,05 v bng 0,6959 nu m = 0,5.

H s hot trung bnh ca H2SO4 ti m =0,05 bng 0,34. Xc nh h s
hot trung bnh ca H2SO4 ti m =0,5.
Pb, PbSO4 | CuSO4 m = 0,02 | Cu
bng 0,5594 V. Xc nh h s hot trung bnh ca CuSO4 bit:
o
Cu
2+
= 0,34V
/ Cu
o
= 0,35V
Pb
, PbSO / SO
4
2
4
28. Kt qu o sc in ng 25oC cc nng i vi mch:

Zn | ZnSO4 (m) | PbSO4 , Pb
c ghi nh sau:
m
RT
ln m
F
0,001
0,005
0,03462
0,07071
-0,17745
-0,13611
0,59714
0,56598
a. Vit cc phn ng in cc.

b. Tnh Eo ca mch bng th
c. Xc nh h s hot trung bnh ca ZnSO4 trong dung dich 0,005m
29. Sc in ng ca mch nng khng ti:
(Pt) H2 (1atm)| HCl(m=0,001) | AgCl, Ag Ag, AgCl | HCl (m=0,1) | HCl(m=0,1)|
H2(1atm) (Pt)
25OC bng 0,227
Xc nh h s hot trung bnh ca HCl trong dung dch 0,1m.
30. Tnh s ti ca ion ng trong dung dch CuSO4 long bit rng 298K, sc
in ng ca mch nng c ti:
Cu | CuSO4 0,001M
CuSO4 0,1 M | Cu
bng 0,0268 V. H s hot trung bnhi vi dung dch CuSO4 0,001m

bng 0,74 v i vi dung dch CuSO4 0,001m bng 0,44
Bi tp ha l tp 3
44
31. Tnh tan ca AgBr trong nc 25oC da vo cc d kin v th chun ca

cc in cc sau:
o
Ag
/ Ag
= 0,8V
o
= 0, 071V
Ag
, AgBr / Br
32. 25oC sc in ng chun Eo ca pin:

(Pt)H2 (1atm) | H2SO4 (m) | Ag2SO4, Ag
bng: 0,627V
a. Vit phn ng trn tng in cc v phn ng xy ra trong pin.
b. Tnh sc in ng ca pin nu m = 0,1 (b qua h s hot )
0,7
0, 7
c. Tnh sc in ng bit rng i vi H2SO4 0,1m, h s hot
= =
d. Tnh tch s tan ca Ag2SO4.
33. Cho cc d kin sau:
Au+ + 1e Au
0 = 1, 68V
Au3+ + 3e Au
0 = 1,50V
Fe3+ + e Fe2+
0 = 0, 77V
Tnh hng s cn bng ca phn ng:
2 Fe3+ + Au +
2 Fe 2+ + Au 3+
34. 35oC sc in ng ca pin:

Cd, CdSO4 | H2SO4 0,02m | H2(1atm)(Pt)
bng 0,38 V. Cng ti nhit ny th chun ca in cc Cd2+/Cd bng 0,45. Tnh tch s tan ca CdSO4 ti 35oC.
35. 298K sc in ng ca pin:
Cu | CuCl2 (m) | AgCl , Ag
0,2m
bng 0,191 V nu m =10-4 v bng -0,074 V nu m = 0,2

Vit cc phn ng in cc v tnh h s hot trung bnh ca CuCl2
Bi tp ha l tp 3
45
36. i vi nguyn t Ganvani:

Cu | Cu(CH3COO) 0,1m | AgCH3COO, Ag
Ngi ta cc d kin sau:
E308 = 0,374 V
E298 = 0,372 V
o
Ag
o
Cu
/ Ag
2+
/ Cu
= 0,8V
= 0,34V
a. Vit cc phn ng in cc v phn ng xy ra trong pin.

b. Tnh G, S, S i vi phn ng ca pin
c. Tnh tch s tan ca AgCH3COO
37. 298K, nguyn t
Hg, Hg2Cl2 | KCl(b.h) || CH3COOH (6.10-4-M), quinhidron | Pt
c sc in ng E = 0,2215 V. Bit rng th in cc ca quinhidron bng
0,6995 V, th ca in cc calomen bo ha bng 0,2415 V, Tnh hng s phn li ca
CH3COOH.
38. Mch nng khng ti:
(Pt)H2 | HCl 0,0001 m | AgCl, Ag Ag, AgCl | HCl 0,1 m | H2 (Pt)
C sc in ng E = 0,335 V 25oC.
a. Vit phn ng xy ra trong mch trn.
b. Tnh h s hot trung bnh ca HCl nng 0,1 m.
39. Sc in ng ca 2 pin sau, c xc nh 25oC:
(a) (Pt)H2 (1atm) | HCl 0,0001 m | AgCl, Ag Ag, AgCl | HCl 0,1 m | H2 (1atm)(Pt)
(b) (Pt)H2 (1atm) | HCl (m1) M HCl (m2) | H2 (1atm) (Pt)
i vi mi pin hy vit cc phn ng in cc v phn ng tng qut. Vit
phng trnh biu th sc in ng i vi mi pin, t hy chng t rng s ti ca
ion H+ c th xc nh t s o sc in ng ca 2 loi pin ny.
40. Chng minh rng sc in ng ca pin:
(Pt)H2(1atm) | NaOH(m1), NaCl (m2) | AgCl, Ag
c xc nh bng cng thc:
Bi tp ha l tp 3
o
E = E Ag
, AgCl / Cl
RT K w .aCl
ln
F
aOH
46
Vi KW l tch s ion ca nc
Di y l kt qu thu c 25oC i vi m1 = 0,01.
E(von)
m2
1,0195
0,01
1,0324
0,02
1,0089
0,05
0,9910
0,10
0,9730
0,20
Hy tnh K bit rng o

= 0, 2224V
Ag , AgCl / Cl
Bng cch no tnh c o
Ag , AgCl / Cl
41. Cho nguyn t in ha:

Cd, Cd(OH)2 | NaOH 0,01m / H2 | 1atm (Pt)
25oC sc in ng bng 0. Bit
o
Cd
2+
/ Cd
= 0, 4V
a. Vit cc phn ng in cc v phn ng tng qut.

b. Tnh tch s tan ca Cd(OH)2.
c. Tnh H ca phn ng trong pin bit dE/dT = 0,002 V/K.
42. 20oC sc in ng ca pin in:
Pb, Pb(OH)2 | NaOH 1N | HgO, Hg
bng 0,676 V.Tnh tch s tan ca Pb(OH)2 bit:
o
Pb
2+
/ Pb
= 0,126V
o
Hg
= 0, 098V
, HgO / OH
43. Mt pin in gm in cc l mt si dy Ag nhng vo dd AgNO3 v in

cc kia l 1 s dy Pt nhng vo dd mui Fe2+ v Fe3+ .
a. Vit ptp khi pin hot ng.
b. Tnh sc in ng ca pin iu kin chun
c. Phn ng xy ra trong pin nh th no nu dung dch Ag+ c nng bng
0,1M v dung dch Fe2+ v Fe3+ cng c nng l 1M.
d. Vi nng cc dung dch nh th no th pin phng ht in.
B.2. Gi v p n
1. Tham kho gio trnh
Bi tp ha l tp 3
47

6.
Nguyn t: Zn | ZnSO4 || CuSO4 | Cu
(+) Cu2+ + 2e Cu
(-) Zn -2e Zn2+
Phn ng tng qut: Zn + Cu2+ Cu + Zn2+
Nguyn t: Ag, AgCl | KCl | Hg2Cl2 , Hg
(+) Hg2Cl2 + 2e 2Hg + 2Cl(-) Ag + Cl- - 1e AgCl
Phn ng tng qut: Hg2Cl2 + 2Ag 2AgCl + 2Hg
Cc nguyn t khc vit tng t.
7.
a
in cc: Cd | Cd2+ (a = 0,1 )
Cd2+ + 2e Cd
2+
0, 059 Cd
0, 059 0,1
E=E +
= 0, 403 +
= 0, 4325
lg
lg
2
2
1
[Cd ]
0
in cc: Ag, AgBr | Br- (a = 0,005)

AgBr + 1e Ag + Br-
E = E0 +
[ AgBr ] = 0, 071 + 0, 059 lg 1 = 0, 2067

0, 059
lg
1
1
1.0, 005
[ Ag ] Br
Cc in cc khc tnh tng t.

b.
Ghp 2 in cc a v c ta thu c pin trong in cc Cadimi l cc m
cn in cc bc l dng do th in cc ca bc dng hn ca cadimi.
S pin: Cd | Cd2+ || Br- | AgBr, Ag
E pin = E+ E = 0, 2067 (0, 4325) = 0, 6392

Cc trng hp khc lm tng t.
Bi tp ha l tp 3
48
8.
Phn ng: Cd + CuSO4 Cu + CdSO4
S pin: Cd | Cd2+ || Cu2+ | Cu
Phn ng: Ag+ + I- AgI
S d pin: I- | AgI | Ag+
Cc phn ng khc tng t.
9. p dng cng thc:
E
S = nF
T P
E
H = nF T
E
T P
p s: H = 63,78 kJ
S = -925,03 J/K
10. Trong khong bin thin nhit tng i nh v s thay i th in cc
theo nhit nh th
E
E

T P T
Sau p dng cng thc:
E
S = nF
T P
E
H = nF T
E
T P
G = H T .S
11.
Pin 1 c phn ng trong pin: Pb + 2AgCl PbCl2 + 2Ag
p dng cng thc ta c:
E
S1 = nF
= 2.96500.(0, 000186) = 35,898 J / K
T P
E
H1 = nF T
E = 2.96500. ( 298.( 0, 000186) 0, 4902 ) = 105306 J
T P
G1 = H T .S = 94608, 6 J
Bi tp ha l tp 3
49
Pin 2 c phn ng trong pin: Pb + 2AgI PbI2 + 2Ag

p dng cng thc ta c:
E
S 2 = nF
= 2.96500.(0, 000127) = 24,511J / K
T P
E
H 2 = nF T
E = 2.96500. ( 298.(0, 000127) 0, 2111) = 48046, 6 J
T P
G2 = H T .S = 40742,322 J
T hp hai phng trnh: ly phng trnh (1) tr phng trnh (2).
Pb + 2AgCl PbCl2 + 2Ag

Pb + 2AgI PbI2 + 2Ag
PbI2 + 2AgCl PbCl2 + 2AgI
G o = G1 G2 = 53, 9kJ
H o = H1 H 2 = 57,3kJ
12.
a.
(+) Ag2SO4 + 2e 2Ag + SO42(-) H2 -2e 2H+

Phn ng tng qut: H2 + Ag2SO4 2Ag + 2H+ + SO42-
b.
mH 2 SO4 = 0,1 mH + = 0, 2; mSO2 = 0,1

4
E = Eo +
PH 2
0, 059
0, 059
1
lg
= 0, 627 +
lg
= 0, 6977V
2
2
2
0, 2 2.0,1
H + SO42
c.
m H 2 SO4 = 3 4.0,1 = 0,16 a H 2 SO4 = m H 2 SO4 . H 2 SO4 = 0,112

E = Eo +
PH 2
PH 2
0, 059
0, 059
0, 059
1
o
lg
=
E
+
lg
=
0,
627
+
lg
= 0, 711V
2
aH + 2 aSO2
2
a3 H 2 SO4
2
0,1123
4
Bi tp ha l tp 3
50
13.
a.
(+) HgO + H2O +2e Hg + 2OH(-) H2 + 2OH- -2e 2H2O

Phn ng tng qut: HgO + H2 Hg + H2O
b.
c.
0, 059
0, 059
lg PH 2 = E o +
lg1 = E o
2
2
E o = E = 0,9224V
E = Eo +
E
E
H + nFE
H = nF T .
E
=
nFT
T P
T P
Thay E = 0,9224 V v T = 298 K c:
146300 + 2.96500.0,9224
E
= 5, 64.103
=
2.96500.298
T P
Vy: Sc in ng ca pin 308K l:
H
146300
E
E = T .
= 308.5, 64.103
= 0,979V

2.96500
T P nF
14.
E = 0, 059 lg
C AgNO3 (2 N )
C AgNO3 (0, 05 N )
= 0, 059 lg
2
= 0, 0945V
0, 05
15.
E=
a 2+ (0,1M )
0, 059
0, 059
0,1.0,16
lg Cu
=
lg
= 0, 0394V
2
aCu 2+ (0, 001M )
2
0, 001.0, 74
16.
E = 0, 059 lg
Bi tp ha l tp 3
x
= 0, 0579V x = 9,58.103
0, 001
51
17. p dng cng thc:
t =
Cl
76,3
=
= 0,18
Cl + H
76,3 + 349, 7
2
RT a (0,092)
RT (a (0,092) )
ln
ln
E = 2t
= t
nF a (0,001)
nF (a (0,001) ) 2
= t
0, 059 0,92
RT a(0,092)
= 0,18.
= 0, 0314
ln
lg
nF a(0,001)
1
0, 001
18. y l 2 pin c ghp li vi nhau.

Pin 1: (Pt) H2 (1atm)| HCl(m=0,01) | AgCl, Ag
Phn ng trong pin: AgCl + H2 Ag + 2H+ + 2Cl-
E1 = E o +
PH
0, 059
lg 2 2 2
2
aH + .aCl
pin1
pin1
Pin 2: Ag, AgCl | HCl (m=0,1) | H2(1atm) (Pt)

Phn ng trong pin: Ag + 2H+ + 2Cl- AgCl + H2
2
2
0, 059 aH +pin 2 .aCl pin

2
E2 = E +
lg
2
PH 2
o
Vy:
E pinghep = E1 + E2 =
aH2 + .aCl2
0, 059
lg 2 pin 2 2 pin 2
2
aH + .aCl
pin1
pin1
Mt khc: dd HCl 0,01m c m=0,01 vy aH+= aCl- = a = 0,01.0,904 = 9,04.10-3

dd HCl 0,1m c m=0,1 vy aH+ = aCl- = a = 0,1.0,796 = 0,0796
( 0, 0796 ) = 0,11148V
0, 059
= E1 + E2 =
lg
4
2
( 9, 04.103 )
4
E pinghep
Bi tp ha l tp 3
52
19. V y l mch c ti cation nn:
E = 2t .
0, 059 a Cu 2+ (0, 01)

lg
= 0, 0268V
2
a Cu 2+ (0, 001)
M CuSO4 l cht in phn 1-1:
a Cu 2+ = m Cu 2+ . Cu 2+ = mCu 2+ . Cu 2+
Thay s ta c:
t =
0, 059.lg
mCu 2+ . Cu 2+ (0,01)
mCu 2+ . Cu 2+ (0,001)
0, 0268
= 0,5867
0, 01.0, 44
0, 059.lg
0, 001.0, 74
t+ = 1 t = 1 0,5867 = 0, 4133
20. Pin ny l pin nng c ti cation.
Tng t bi 19 ta c
E = 2t .0, 059.lg
mAg + . Ag + (0,1N )
mAg + . Ag + (0,01N )
= 2.(1 0, 468).0, 059.lg
0,1.0, 733
= 0, 0574V
0, 01.0,892
Vy gi tr thc nghim nh hn gi tr tinh ton l thuyt.

21. Phng trnh tng qut dng chung cho 2 in cc:
2H+ +2e H2
in cc 1 l in cc c x l bng hidro nguyn cht:
2
H +
0,
059
(1)
E1 = E o +
lg
2
PH 2 (1)
in cc 1 l in cc c x l bng hidro nguyn cht:
2
H
0, 059 (2)
o
E2 = E +
lg
2
PH 2 (2)
Bi tp ha l tp 3
53
Do cha xc inh c in cc no l dng, in cc no l m nn:
E pin = E1 E2 = 102 =
0, 059 PH 2 (2)
lg
= 102
2
PH 2 (1)
M p sut kh Hidro in cc 1 bng 1 v x l bng hidro nguyn cht

p sut kh quyn. Cn p sut ca hidro in cc 2 bng x (vi x l nng phn s
mol ca hidro trong hn hp ca hidro vi argon p sut kh quyn, x<1)
Vy:
E pin =
22.
a.
b.
x = 0, 46 < 1(TM )
0, 059 x
20
lg = 102 lg x =
[
x = 2, 26 > 1( L)
2
1
59
(+) Hg2Cl2 + 2e 2Hg + 2Cl- (0,001m)

(-) 2Hg + 2Cl- - 2e Hg2Cl2 (0,1m)
Phn ng tng qut: 2Cl- (0,001m) 2Cl- (0,1m)
V y l mch nng c ti anion nn:
2
a Cl (0,1m )
0, 059 a Cl (0,1m )
E = 2t+ .
lg 2
= 2t+ .0, 059 lg
2
a Cl (0,001m )
a Cl (0,001m )
c.
E = 2t+ .0, 059 lg

= 2.0, 4.0, 059.lg
a Cl (0,1m )
a Cl (0,001m )
= 2t+ .0, 059.lg
m Cl . Cl (0,1m )
m Cl . Cl (0,001m )
0, 6.0,1
= 0,84V
0, 001.1
d. Khi b qua h s hot v th khuch tn:
aCl2 (0,1m )
(
(
)
)
2
mCl (0,1m )
0, 059
0, 059
E=
lg 2
=
lg
2
aCl (0,001m )
2
mCl (0,001m )
Bi tp ha l tp 3
0, 059 0,1
=
lg
= 0,118V
2
0,
001
54
23.
E pin = ECalomen E2 H + / H E2 H + / H = ECalomen E pin = 0,3338 0,5 = 0,1662V

2
Mt khc:
E2 H + / H = E2oH + / H +
2
0, 059
0,1662
2
lg [ H ] = 0 0, 059 pH = 0,1662 pH =
= 2,82
0, 059
2
24.
EQuinhidron = E pin + ECalomen = 0,3338 + 0, 096 = 0, 4298V

EQuinhidron = E
o
Quinhidron
0, 059 pH pH =
o
EQuinhidron EQuinhidron
0, 059
0, 4298 0, 6944
= 4, 485V
0, 059
25.
26.
Cc dng: Hg2SO4 +2e 2Hg + SO42o

E+ = EHg
+
SO , Hg / SO 2
2
aHg SO
0, 059
lg 2 2 4
2
aHg .aSO2
4
Cc m: H2 -2e 2H+
2
E = E
o
2H + / H2
0, 059 aH +
+
lg
2
PH 2
Vy:
o
E pin = E+ E = EHg
+
SO , Hg / SO 2
2
0, 059
1
lg 2
2
aH + .aSO2
4
Mt khc:
Dung dch H2SO4 0,05 m
m = 3 4.m = 3 4.0, 05 = 0, 08 a = m . = 0, 08.0,34 = 0, 0272

aH + = aSO2 = a = 0, 0272
4
Bi tp ha l tp 3
55
thay vo phng trnh sc in ng ca pin ta c:

o
EHg
= E pin
SO , Hg / SO 2
2
0, 059
1
0, 059
1
lg 2
= 0, 754
lg
= 0, 6154V
2
aH + .aSO2
2
0, 02723
4
Dung dch H2SO4 0,5 m

Gi x = hot trung bnh ca dd H2SO4 0,5 m.
Vy:
o
E pin = E+ E = EHg
+
SO , Hg / SO 2
2
0, 059
1
0, 059 1
o
lg 2
= EHg
lg 3
2 +
SO
,
Hg
/
SO
2
4
4
2
aH + .aSO 2
2
x
4
x = 0,123 = a
a
0,123
=3
= 0,15497V
m
4.0,5
27.
(+) Cu2+ +2e Cu
(-) Pb -2e +SO42- PbSO4
o
o
E pin = ECu
E
+
2+
/ Cu
Pb , PbSO / SO 2
4
Thay s ta c:
0, 059
lg(aCu 2+ .aSO2 )
4
2
aCu 2+ .aSO2 = 3, 74.105

4
mCu 2+ .mSO2 2 = 3, 74.105

4
3, 74.105
3, 74.105
=
= 0,30577
mCu 2+ .mSO 2
0, 02.0, 02
4
28.
a.
b.
(+) PbSO4 + 2e Pb + SO42(-) Zn -2e Zn2+

Sc in ng ca mch cho c biu din bng biu thc:
E = Pb , PbSO / SO2 Zn2+ / Zn
4
RT
RT
ln aSO2
a 2+
4
4
4
2F
2 F Zn
RT
RT
RT
= E0
ln(aSO2 aZn2+ ) = E 0
ln a2 = E 0
ln a
4
2F
2F
F
RT
= E0
ln(m . )
F
o
o
= Pb
Zn
2+
, PbSO / SO 2
/ Zn
Bi tp ha l tp 3
56
m ZnSO4 l cht in phn 1-1 nn m = m nn:
E = E0
RT
RT
RT
ln(m. ) = E 0
ln m
ln
F
F
F
Theo -bai Hucken:
lg = 0,51 m + C.m
vi C l 1 hng s no .
Phng trnh (E Eo )by gi c dng:
E E o = 0, 059(0,51 m + C.m) 0, 059 lg m

= 0, 03 m 0, 059.C.m 0, 059 lg m
hoc
E + 0, 059 lg m 0, 03 m = E o 0, 059.C.m = Y
Biu din bng th s ph thuc ca v tri phng trnh trn ph thuc
vo m ri ngoi suy th ti m = 0, ta s thu c gi tr ca Eo.
Bng th, xc nh c Eo = 0,41146 V
Bi tp ha l tp 3
57
c. Bit Eo ta c th tnh c h s hot trung bnh.
E E o = 0, 059 lg m 0, 059 lg
vi m = 0,005 ta c:
E + 0, 059 lg m 0, 03 m = 0, 42755
vy:
E + 0, 059 lg m = 0, 42755 + 0, 03 m = 0, 42755 + 0, 03 0, 005 = 0, 43

v:
0, 43 = E o 0, 059 lg = 0, 41146 0, 059 lg

= 10
0,41146 0,43
0,059
= 0, 485
29. y l 2 pin c ghp li vi nhau.

Pin 1: (Pt) H2 (1atm)| HCl(m=0,001) | AgCl, Ag
Phn ng trong pin: AgCl + H2 Ag + 2H+ + 2Cl-
E1 = E o +
PH
0, 059
lg 2 2 2
2
aH + .aCl
pin1
Bi tp ha l tp 3
pin1
58
Pin 2: Ag, AgCl | HCl (m=0,1) | H2(1atm) (Pt)

Phn ng trong pin: Ag + 2H+ + 2Cl- AgCl + H2
E2 = E o +
0, 059
lg
2
aH2 + .aCl2
pin 2
pin 2
PH 2
Vy:
E pinghep
2
2
0, 059 aH +pin 2 .aCl pin 2
= E1 + E2 =
lg 2
2
aH + .aCl2
pin1
pin1
V dd HCl 0,001 m coi nh h s hot bng 1 nn aH+(1)= aCl-(1) = 0,001

HCl 0,1 m suy ra:
aH + (2) = 0,1 + ; aCl (2) = 0,1
Do HCl l cht in phn 1-1 nn

Vy
+ = =
aH + (2) = aCl (2) = 0,1
Thay vo biu thc ca sc in ng ta c:
0, 059 ( 0,1 ) . ( 0,1 )

E pin =
lg
= 0, 227V
2
0, 0012.0, 0012
= 0,8389 0,84
2
30.
y l mch nng c ti cation.

V CuSO4 l cht in phn 1-1 nn m = m
Suy ra: vi dung dch CuSO4 0,01m, th a = 0,01.0,44
vi dung dch CuSO4 0,001m th a = 0,001.0,74
Vy:
E = 2t .
a Cu 2+ (0,01m )
0, 059
.lg
t
2
a Cu 2+ (0,001m )
0, 059 lg
E
a Cu 2+ (0,01m )
a Cu 2+ (0,001m )
0, 0268
= 0,5867
0, 01.0, 44
0, 059 lg
0, 001.0, 74
t+ = 1 t = 1 0,5867 = 0, 4133
=
31.
Bi tp ha l tp 3
59
Vy:
Tt = K1.K 2 = 10
Ag , AgBr / Br
0,059
.10
Ag + / Ag
0,059
= 10
0,071
0,059
.10
0,8
0,059
= 4, 4062.1013
S = Tt = 4, 4062.1013 = 6, 64.107
32.
a.
(+) Ag2SO4 + 2e 2Ag + SO42(-) H2 -2e 2H+

Phn ng tng qut: H2 + Ag2SO4 2Ag + 2H+ + SO42-
b.
mH 2 SO4 = 0,1 mH + = 0, 2; mSO2 = 0,1

4
E = Eo +
PH 2
0, 059
0, 059
1
lg
= 0, 627 +
lg
= 0, 6977V
2
2
2
0, 2 2.0,1
H + SO42
c.
m H 2 SO4 = 3 4.0,1 = 0,16 a H 2 SO4 = m H 2 SO4 . H 2 SO4 = 0,112

E = Eo +
PH 2
PH
0, 059
0, 059
0, 059
1
lg
= Eo +
lg 3 2 = 0, 627 +
lg
= 0, 711V
2
2
aH + aSO2
2
a H 2 SO4
2
0,1123
4
d.
Bi tp ha l tp 3
60
o
0
E Ag
= E pin
= 0, 627V
, Ag SO / SO 2
Thay:
Ta c:
2. E o
2. E o
Tt = K1.K 2 = 10
Ag , Ag 2 SO4 / SO42
0,059
Ag + / Ag
0,059
.10
= 10
2.0,627
0,059
.10
2.0,8
0,059
= 1,366.106
33.
Vy:
Eo
2. E o
K = K .K 2 .K3 = 10
2
1
= 10
34.
2.0,77
0,059
.10
1,68
0,059
.10
Fe3+ / Fe 2+
0,059
1,5
0.059
Eo
Au + / Au
.10
0,059
Au3+ / Au
.10
0.059
= 1,124.1023
(+) 2H+ + 2e H2
(-) Cd + SO42- -2e CdSO4
Phn ng trong pin: Cd + 2H+ +SO42- CdSO4 + H2
2
2
0, 059
0, 059
lg( H + . SO42 ) E opin = E pin
lg lg( H + . SO42 )
2
2
0, 059
= 0,38
lg(0, 042.0, 02) = 0,5126V
2
o
E pin = E pin
+
Bi tp ha l tp 3
61
Vy:
2 Eo
2 E opin
1
Tt = K1.K 2 .K 3 = 10
Tt =
0,059
Cd 2+ / Cd
.1.10
0,059
= 10
2.0,5126
0,059
.10
2.( 0,45)
0,059
= 132, 44
1
= 7,55.103
132, 44
Phn ng trong pin: Cu + 2AgCl Cu2+ + 2Ag + 2Cl-
35.
m = 10-4 , b qua h s hot .

o
E pin = E pin
+
0, 059
1
0, 059
1
o
lg
lg
E pin
= E pin
2
2
aCu 2+ .aCl
2
aCu 2+ .aCl2
o
E pin
= 0,191
0, 059
1
lg 4
= 0.145V
2
10 .(2.10 4 ) 2
m = 0, 2 m = 3 4.0, 2 = 0,317 a = 0,317. = aCu 2+ = aCl

Vy:
0, 059 1
0, 059
1
o
lg 3 = E pin E pin
lg
= 0, 074 + 0,145
2
2
(0,317. )3
a
= 0,5
36.
a.
Bi tp ha l tp 3
(+) AgCH3COO +1e Ag + CH3COO(-) Cu -2e Cu2+

62
Phn ng tng qut: 2AgCH3COO + Cu Cu2+ + CH3COO-
b.
E 0,374 0,372
E
=
= 2.104

308 298
T P T
Sau p dng cng thc, lm tng t cc bi trn.
c.
25o C, Epin = 0,372 V
0, 059
1
lg
2
2+
2
Cu .[CH 3COO ]
0, 059
1
= 0,372
lg
= 0,30126V
2
0,1.0, 22
E opin = E pin
2. E o
2 E opin
Tt = K1.K .K 3 = 10
2
2
= 10
2.0,30126
0,059
.10
2.0,8
0,059
0,059
.10
2 Eo
Ag + / Ag
.10
2.0,34
0,059
0,059
Cu 2+ /Cu
.10
0,059
= 4,159.106 = 2, 04.103
37.
E pin = EQuinhidron ECalomen EQuinhidron = E pin + ECalomen = 0, 2215 + 0, 2415 = 0, 463V

Bi tp ha l tp 3
63
Mt khc:
EQuinhidron = E
o
Quindidron
0, 059 pH pH =
o
EQuindidron
EQuinhidron
0, 059
0, 463 + 0, 6995
=4
0, 059
V:
pH = 4 H + = CH 3COO = 104
nn:
H + . CH 3COO
104.104
K pl =
=
= 2.105
4
4
6.10 10
[CH 3COOH ]
38.
a.
Mch ny c ghp bi 2 pin:
Pin 1: (Pt)H2 | HCl 0,0001 m | AgCl, Ag : 2AgCl + H2 Ag + 2H+ + 2ClPin 2: Ag, AgCl | HCl 0,1 m | H2 (Pt) : Ag + 2H+ + 2Cl- 2AgCl + H2
Phn ng tng qut: HCl (0,1m) HCl (0,0001m)
b.
E pin1 = E o + 0, 059 lg
1
aH + (0,0001m ) .aCl (0,0001m )
E pin 2 = E o + 0, 059 lg( aH + (0,1m ) .aCl (0,1m ) )
E pin = E pin1 + E pin 2 = 0, 059 lg
aH + (0,1m ) .aCl (0,1m )

aH + (0,0001m ) .aCl (0,0001m )
(0,1 )2
0,1
= 0, 059 lg
= 2.0, 059 lg
= 0,335
2
(0, 0001)
0, 0001
vy:
E pin
= 10 .10
3
39.
2.0,059
= 10 .10
0,335
2.0,059
= 0.6902
Cc phn ng in cc v phn ng tng qut tng t bi 38 v cc bi
trc.
Chng minh: Vit biu thc tnh th in cc ca mi pin.
Bi tp ha l tp 3
64
Da vo cng thc: E = Ee + Ei. trong Ee l th gn lin vi qu trnh

in cc, Ei l th khuch tn, s chng minh c.
40.
a.
Cc dng: AgCl + 1e Ag + Clo
E+ = E Ag
+
, AgCl / Cl
RT
1
ln
F
aCl
Cc m: H2 + 2OH- -2e 2H2O
E = E0 +
RT
1
ln
F
aOH
Mt khc:
K = K .K1 = e
2
W
2. F . E0
R .T
2. F . E0
R .T
KW2 = 1
1
1
1
R.T
R.T
E0 =
ln 2 =
ln
2
KW
2 F KW
F
KW
Vy:
o
E pin = E+ E = E Ag
+
, AgCl / Cl
o
E pin = E Ag
, AgCl / Cl
RT
1
R.T
1
RT
1
ln
+
ln
ln
F
aCl
F
KW
F
aOH
RT
1
RT aCl .KW
o
ln(aCl .KW .
) = E Ag
ln
(dpcm)

, AgCl / Cl
F
aOH
F
aOH
b. Da vo cng thc chng minh c trn ta c:
Bi tp ha l tp 3
65
( Eo
ln
aCl .KW
aOH
(E
o
Ag , AgCl / Cl
E pin ).F
R.T
Ag , AgCl /Cl
KW =
E pin ). F
R.T
aOH .e
aCl
Do b qua h s hot nn: aOH- = 0,01; aCl- = m2

Thay E o
= 0, 2224V
Ag , AgCl / Cl
F = 96500
T = 298K
Nn:
(0,2224 E pin ).96500
KW =
0, 01.e
8,31.298
m2
Vi cc gi tr ca Epin v m2 trong bng, thay vo ta tinh c: KW1; KW2; KW3;

KW4; KW5
KW = 5 KW 1.KW 2 .KW 3 .KW 4 .KW 5

p s: 1,009.10-14
c. Mun tnh c
41.
a.
o
E Ag
, AgCl / Cl
phi dng phng php th. (Tng t 28.b)
(+) 2H2O +2e H2 + 2OH(-) Cd -2e + 2OH- Cd(OH)2

Phn ng tng qut: Cd + 2H2O Cd(OH)2 + H2
b. Nhn xt v pin ta thy rng: mc d mi in cc ion OH- u c tham gia

phn ng, nhng trong phn ng tng qut ion OH- b trit tiu nn sc in ng ca pin
khng ph thuc vo nng OH-, nn pin ny c E = Eo bt c nng no ca
NaOH.
Bi tp ha l tp 3
66
Vy:
2 Eo
1
2
W
Tt = K1.K 2 .K K 3 = 1.1.10 10
Tt = (10 .10
28
28
Cd 2+ / Cd
0,059
= 10 .10
28
2. 0,4
0,059
2. 0,4
0,059 1
) = 3, 625.1015
c. p dng cng thc tnh tng t nh bi lm.

(+) HgO + H2O + 2e Hg + 2OH(-) Pb + 2OH-- -2e Pb(OH)2
Phng trnh tng qut: HgO + H2O + Pb Pb(OH)2 + Hg
Nhn xt v pin ta thy rng: mc d mi in cc ion OH- u c tham
gia phn ng, nhng trong phn ng tng qut ion OH- b trit tiu nn sc in ng ca
pin khng ph thuc vo nng OH-, nn pin ny c E = Eo bt c nng no ca
NaOH.
Vy Epin=Eopin = 0,676 V
42.
Suy ra:
2 E o
2 E opin
1
Tt = 10
Tt =
0,059
2 Eo
HgO , Hg / OH
.10
0,059
Pb 2+ / Pb
.10
0,059
= 10
2.0,676
0,059
.10
2.0,098
0,059
.10
2.( 0,126)
0,059
= 2,1.1015
1
= 4, 76.1016
15
2,1.10
43. a,b, c t lm.

d. Pin ngng hot ng khi Epin=0, t da vo phng trnh Nerst tm mi
quan h gia nng cc cht.
Bi tp ha l tp 3
67
*Ch trong sch, tc gi c khi dng k hiu ca th in cc l E, cc c gi cn ch

trnh hiu nhm.
Bi tp ha l tp 3
68
Chng 3: in phn v qu th
------------888-----------A. L thuyt ch o
Mt s cng thc:
nh lut Faraday:
m=
A.I .t
n.F
m: Khi lng cht thot ra in cc

A: Khi lng mol cht thot ra in cc
I: Cng dng in
t: thi gian in phn
n: s e trao i
hoc:
m=
.I .t
F
: ng lng gam = A/n
:ng lng in ha
96500
Hiu sut dng: Khi in phn, thng c s tham gia ca mt s qu trnh ph
nn khi lng cht thu c thc t bao gi cng nh hn so vi tnh ton ca Faraday.
T s gia khi lng thc t v khi lng l thuyt gi l hiu sut dng:
H=
m'
m' .96500.n
m' .96500
.100% =
.100% =
.100%
m
A.I .t
.I .t
Qu th: Qu th (overpotential) l mt khi nim in ha, ch s chnh lch v

in th (Vn) gia in th kh cn bng (so snh vi in cc hidro tiu chun (NHE)
ca bn phn ng oxy ha-kh vi in th p vo in cc nghin cu (so snh vi in
cc hidro tiu chun (NHE)). Qu th biu th s chnh lch v mt nng lng cho
phn ng oxy ha-kh c th xy ra. Phn nng lng chnh lch s c tc dng thng
cc tr lc, iu khin phn ng xy ra theo mt chiu nht nh v vi mt tc nht
nh. Hiu gia th in cc thc t in phn (Eph- th in cc phn hy) v th in
cc phn cc (Ep) gi l qu th.
= E ph E p
Qu th ca s gii phng kim loi trn catot thng c gi tr nh, trong
khi , gii phng kh, qu th c gi tr ng k. Qu th l mt hm ca mt in
v c biu th bng phng trnh Tafen
Bi tp ha l tp 3
69
= a + b lg i
Trong i: mt dng in, a v b l 2 hng s. b c gi tr bng 0,12 v
khng i vi cc kim loi khc nhau cn a thay i kh ln vi cc kim loi.
Cc loi qu th:
Qu th chuyn in tch
Qu th nng
Qu th khuch tn
Qu th kt tinh
Qu th in tr
B. Bi tp
B.1. bi
1. Tnh lng Cu gii phng trn catot nu cho mt dng in c I = 1,5A i qua
dung dch CuSO4 trong 12 pht.
2. Tm ng lng in ha ca Ni bit rng nu in phn dung dch NiSO4
bng dng in c I = 0,5 A th sau 48 pht ta thu c 0,438 g Ni.
3. Xc nh hiu suet dng in nu khi cho 25 ampe gi i qua dung dch ZnSO4
th thu c 22,5 g Zn trn catot.
4. Ngi ta mun m mt lp Ni dy 0,3 mm ln mt tm kim loi din tch 100
cm2 . Hi phI tin hnh m trong bao lu vi cng dng bng 3A? Nu hiu sut
dng l 90% th ph mt lng Ni tng t nh trn, thi gian i hi l bao nhiu?
bit dNi = 9g/cm3.
5. Khi in phn dung dch ZnSO4 th trn catot c s giI phng H2 ng thi vi
s thot ra ca Zn v iu ny dn ti hiu suet tch Zn theo dng gim. Xc nh lng
Zn v th tchH2 thot ra 25oC, 1atm trn catot nu cho I qua dung dch 20 ampe
gi, hiu sut tch Zn l 90%.
6. Xc nh sc in ng phn cc khi in phn mt dung dch CuCl2 25oC
nu th in cc ca Cu bng 0,34V cn th in cc ca Clo bng 1,36V.
7. Xc nh th phn hy Eph ca CdSO4 nu qu th oxi trn anot bng 0,4V, v
b qua th ca Cd trn catot. Th chun ca Cd bng -0,4V: th oxi ha chun ca oxi
bng 1,23V.
8. Bit qu th hidro trn in cc Ni bng 0,21V v qu th ca oxi trn Pt bng
0,46V. Hy tm th phn hy ca NiSO4 khi in phn dung dch ny bng in cc Pt v
Bi tp ha l tp 3
70
cho bit trn catot c th xy ra qu trnh thot Ni hon ton m khng c s gii phng
Hidro khng.? Th oxi ha chun ca oxi bng 1,23V, th kh chun ca hidro( trong
nc) = -0,8277V. Th kh chun ca Ni bng -0,25V.
9. Ngi ta in phn dung dch H2SO4 vi anot bng Pt. Th phn hy ca H2SO4
bng 2,69V. Qu th ca oxi trn Pt bng 0,46V. Hy tnh qu th ca Hidro trn catot.
Th oxi ha chun ca oxi bng 1,23V.
10. in phn dung dch CuSO4 1m 25oC vi mt dng bng 31,6 A/m2. Hy
tnh xem phI t vo catot Cu mt in th m b nht l bao nhiu Cu c th thot ra
trn catot. Chp nhn rng s phn cc nng khng ng k ;th kh chun ca cp
Cu2+/Cu =0,34V, h s hot trung bnh ca CuSO4 1m bng 0,043. Mt dng trao
i io = 0,2 A/m2 v h s chuyn = 0,5. ch : s dng phng trnh qu th catot:
c =
2,303RT
2,303RT
lg io
lg i
nF
nF
B.2. Gi v p n.
1. p dng cng thc:
m=
A.I .t 63,54.1,5.(12.60)
=
= 0,35556( g )
n.F
2.96500
2. p dng cng thc:
m=
.I .t
m
0, 438
=
=
= 3, 042.104
96500
96500 I .t 0,5.(48.60)
3. p dng cng thc:
m' .96500.n 22,5.96500.2

H=
=
= 74, 23%
A.I .t
65.25.3600
4. Khi lng ca lp Ni l:
m = V .d = 100.0,3.0,1.9 = 27( g )
Nu hiu sut dng l 100%:
t=
m.96500.n 27.96500.2
=
= 29440, 68s = 8h10' 40, 68s
A.I
3.59
Nu hiu sut dng l 90%:

Bi tp ha l tp 3
71
t=
100
.29440, 68 = 32711,87 s = 9h5'
90
5.
A.I .t
65.20.3600 90
.H =
.
= 21,82( g )
n.F
2.96500 100
A.I .t
2.20.3600
90
mH 2 =
.(1 H ) =
.(1
) = 0, 07469( g )
n.F
2.96500
100
n.R.T 0, 0373.0, 082.298
nH 2 = 0, 0373 VH 2 =
=
= 0,911(l )
P
1
mZn =
6.
E p = E p + E p = 1,36 0,34 = 1, 02V
7.
= + = 0, 4 0 = 0, 4
E p = E p + E p = 1, 23 ( 0, 4) = 1, 63V
8.
E ph = E p + = 1, 63 + 0, 4 = 2, 03V
i vi NiSO4:
E p = E p + E p = 1, 23 (0, 25) = 1, 48V
= + = 0, 46 0 = 0, 46V
E ph = E p + = 1, 48 + 0, 46 = 1,92V
i vi H2O:
E p = E p + E p = 1, 23 (0,8277) = 2, 0577V
= + = 0, 46 0, 21 = 0, 25V
E ph = E p + = 2,3077V
Th phn hy ca Ni nh hn ca Hidro. Nh vy c th in phn ch thot ra Ni
m khng thot ra hidro khi hiu in th gia 2 in cc ca bnh in phn phi ln hn
1,92 V v nh hn 2,3077V.
9.
E ph = 2, 69 = E p +
= E ph E p
Bi tp ha l tp 3
72
E p = E p + E p = 1, 23 0 = 1, 23V
M:
= 2, 69 1, 23 = 1, 46V = +
= + 1, 46 = 0, 46 1, 46 = 1
Vy qu th ca Hidro = -1
10.
Theo iu kin ca u bi, catot ca hheej in ha l Cu nhng vo
trong CuSO4 1m. cho Cu thot ra trn catot th phI t vo in th aamhown
in th cn bng ln in cc Cu; tuy nhin nu tc phn ng catot l ng
k th phi t vo catot in th m thng hiu ng phn cc.
Th cn bng ca ng c tnh theo phng trnh Nerst:
o
Ec = Cu
2+ +
RT
0, 059
.ln aCu 2+ = 0,34 +
.lg(1.0, 043) = 0,3V
2F
2
Qu th ca ng trn catot l:
c =
2,303RT
2,303RT
2,303.8,31.298
2,303.8,31.298
lg io
lg i =
.lg 0, 2
.lg 31, 6 = 0,13V
0,5.2.96500
0,5.2.96500
nF
nF
Vy:
E c' = Ec + c = 0,3 + (0,13) = 0,17V
Chng 4: Mt s cu hi trc nghim

1. dn in ring ca dung dch in ly c tnh t cng thc:
Trong k l:
a. hng s phn li.
b. in li.
c. h s phn li.
d. hng s bnh in cc.
2. Chn pht biu ng:
a. Th in cc l in th xut hin trn b mt phn cch in cc rn
vi pha lng.
b. Th in cc l in th xut hin trn b mt phn cch ca 2 pha
rn.
c. Th in cc l in th xut hin trn b mt phn cch ca 2 dung
dch c nng khc nhau.
d. Th in cc l in th xut hin trn b mt phn cch in cc rn
Bi tp ha l tp 3
73
vi pha rn.
3. Cho mt in cc oxi ha kh c qu trnh in cc:
Ox + ne = Kh.
in th ca in cc s l:
4. Cho in cc loi 1, c phn ng in cc:

Me n+ + ne = Me.
in th ca in cc s l:
5. Cho in cc lai 2, c phn ng in cc: B + ne = B n-.

in th ca in cc s l:
6. Cho in cc: Ag,AgCl/ KCl c phn ng in cc: AgCl + e = Ag + Clin th ca in cc l:
Bi tp ha l tp 3
74
7. Trong pin in ha:

a. Anot l in cc xy ra qu trnh oxi ha.
b. Anot l in cc xy ra qu trnh kh.
c. Anot l in cc xy ra qu trnh oxi ha v kh.
d. Anot l in cc khng xc nh c
8. Trong pin in ha:
a. Catot l in cc xy ra qu trnh oxi ha.
b. Catot l in cc xy ra qu trnh kh.
c. Catot l in cc xy ra qu trnh oxi ha v kh.
d. Catot l in cc khng xc nh c.
9. Trong qu trnh in phn:
a. Anot l in cc xy ra qu trnh oxi ha.
b. Anot l in cc xy ra qu trnh kh.
c. Anot l in cc xy ra qu trnh oxi ha v kh.
d. Anot l in cc khng xc nh c.
10. Trong qu trnh in phn:
a. Catot l in cc xy ra qu trnh oxi ha.
b. Catot l in cc xy ra qu trnh kh.
c. Catot l in cc xy ra qu trnh oxi ha v kh.
d. Catot l in cc khng xc nh.
11. Cho pin: Zn | ZnSO4 || CuSO4 | Cu qu trnh in cc l:
a. Zn - 2e = Zn2+ v Cu - 2e = Cu2+
b. Zn - 2e = Zn2+ v Cu2+ + 2e = Cu
c. Zn2++ 2e = Zn v Cu2++ 2e = Cu
d. Zn - 2e = Zn2+ v Cu + 2e = Cu2+
12. Chn pht biu ng nht:
Cho pin: Zn | ZnSO4 || CuSO4 | Cu
a. dng in i t cc Zn sang cc Cu.
b. dng in i t cc Cu sang cc Zn.
c. dng in i t cc Zn sang cc Cu v dng electron i ngc li.
d. dng in i t cc Cu sang cc Zn v dng electron i ngc li.
13. Cho bit in th tiu chun ca in cc Zn v in cc Cu l -0,76 v
Bi tp ha l tp 3
75
0,34V. Ti 25oC phn ng: Zn + Cu2+ = Zn2+ + Cu c hng s cn bng

l:
a. 1,64.1037
b. 1,46.1037
c. 0,146.1037
d. a, b, c u sai.
14. Khi in phn dung dch NiSO4 , anot xy ra qu trnh:
H2O - 2e = 1/2O2 + 2H+
Nh vy anot l:
a. Zn
b. Ni
c. Fe
d. Pt
15. Cho bit in th tiu chun ca in cc Fe3+/Fe2+ v Cu2+/ Cu ln lt l
0,771V v 0,34V. Phn ng t din bin theo chiu:
a. 2Fe3++ Cu2+ = 2Fe2+ + Cu
b. 2Fe2+ + Cu = 2Fe3+ + Cu2+
c. 2Fe3+ + Cu2+ = 2Fe2+ + Cu
d. 2Fe3++ Cu = 2Fe2+ + Cu2+
16. Cho th in cc tiu chun ca Sn2+/ Sn v Fe2+/ Fe ln lt l: -0,136 v
-0,44 V. Pin c to bi 2 in cc trn l:
a. Sn| Sn2+|| Fe2+| Fe
b. Sn2+| Sn|| Fe| Fe2+
c. Fe| Fe2+|| Sn2+| Sn
d. Fe2+| Fe|| Sn2+| Sn
17. Mi trng thun li cho qu trnh in ly l mi trng:
a. khng phn cc.
b. phn cc.
c. bo ha cht tan.
d. b v c u ng.
18. dn in ring l:
a. dn in ca mt dung dch c th tch V = 1cm3.
b. dn in ca mt dung dch tiu chun.
c. dn in ca hai in cc phng song song c din tch nh nhau
bng 1cm2 v cch nhau 1cm.
d. a v c u ng.
19. dn in ring ch yu ph thuc vo cc yu t sau:
a. nhit
b. p sut
c. nng v nhit
d. nng , p sut v nhit
Bi tp ha l tp 3
76
20. in phn dung dch NaCl trong nc vi anot Ti v catot Fe c vch ngn
th qu trnh anot v catot l:
21. Cho pin: Zn| ZnSO4|| CuSO4| Cu, c phn ng xy ra trong pin nh sau:
Cu2+ + Zn = Cu + Zn2+
Pht biu no sau y l ng?
a. khi lng Zn tng.
b. khi lng Zn gim.
c. khi lng Cu gim.
d. dng in chuyn t in cc Zn sang in cc Cu.
22. in cc kim lai M c ph mt lp mui t tan ca n v nhng vo
dung dch c cha anion ca mui (M/ MA/ An- ) l in cc:
a. loi 1
b. loi 2
c. loi 3
d. a, b v c u ng.
23. Mch in ha c ti l:
a. mch in cc c hnh thnh do s khc nhau v bn cht ca cc
kim loi dng lm in cc.
b. mch in cc c hnh thnh do s chnh lch nng gy ra dng
in trong mch.
c. mch in cc c hnh thnh t hai dung dch c th ging hay
khc nhau v bn cht nhng hai dung dch phi c tip xc vi
nhau.
d. mch in cc c hnh thnh t hai in cc cng c nhng vo
trong mt dung dch hay hai dung dch ny phi c tch ra khi nhau.
24. C s ca phng php chun in th l im tng ng c xc nh
bng:
a. s thay i th t ngt.
b. s thay i dn t ngt.
c. s thay i s chuyn vn ca cc ion.
d. b v c u ng.
25. Th phn hy ph thuc vo cc yu t:
a. nhit , kch thc in cc.
b. kim loi lm in cc, cu trc b mt in cc.
c. nng ca dung dch.
d. a v b u ng.
Bi tp ha l tp 3
77
26. in th khuch tn ch xut hin trong mch:

a. mch khng ti
b. mch c ti
c. mch nng
d. mch in cc
27. nh lut in phn Faraday c pht biu:
a. Lng cht b tch ra hay b ha tan khi in phn t l thun vi in
lng i qua dung dch in ly.
b. Lng cht b tch ra hay b ha tan khi in phn t l nghch vi
in lng i qua dung dch in ly.
c. Lng cht b tch ra khi in phn t l thun vi in lng i qua
dung dch in ly.
d. Lng cht b tch ra khi in phn t l nghch vi in lng i qua
dung dch in ly.
28.
l i lng:
a. dn in ring.
b. dn in ng lng.
c. dn in ng lng gii hn.
d. dn in ng lng gii hn ca cc ion.
29. Phn ng xy ra trn in cc Calomen.
30. Cho pin in ha: Pt, H2 | H+ || Fe3+ , Fe2+| Pt, phn ng xy ra trong pin l:
31. Cho in cc antimoine OH- / Sb2O3 ,Sb c phn ng in cc l:
Bi tp ha l tp 3
78
32. Cho phn ng xy ra trong pin nh sau:

H2 + Cl2 = 2HCl
Pin c hnh thnh t cc in cc l:
33. Bit dn in gii hn ca dung dch HCl, CH3COONa v NaCl ln lt

l 426,1; 91 v 126,5 cm2 .-1 .lg-1 . dn in ng lng gii hn ca
dung dch CH3COOH 25oC l:
34. Cho phn ng xy ra trong pin nh sau: Cd + CuSO4 = Cu + CdSO4.

Biu thc tnh sc in ng tiu chun l:
35. Cho phn ng xy ra trong pin nh sau: Sn4+ + Sn = 2Sn2+

Biu thc tnh sc in ng ca pin l:
Bi tp ha l tp 3
79
36. Cho phn ng xy ra trong pin nh sau:

Cr2O72- + 14H+ + 6Fe2+ = 2Cr3+ + 6Fe3+ + 7H2O
Biu thc tnh sc in ng ca pin l:
37. S dng thng tin di y:
Tnh sc in ng ca pin c phng trnh tng qut:
a. 3,33V
b. 0,33V
c. 1,33V
d. 2,33V
38. Mt t bo in ha trng thi cn bng c sc in ng:

a. E = 0
b. E=1
c. E = +
d. E = -
39.
Bi tp ha l tp 3
80
p n
1.d
2.d
3.a
4.d
5.b
6.b
7.a
8.b
9.a
10.b
11.b
12.d
13.d
14.d
15.d
16.c
17.b
18.d
19.d
20.b
21.b
22.b
23.c
24.d
25.d
26.b
27.c
28.c
29.a
30.a
31.a
32.d
33.a
34.a
35.a
36.b
37.a
38.a
MC LC
Chng 1:
A.
B.
Chng 2:
A.
B.
Chng 3:
A.
B.
Chng 4:
Mc lc:
Ph lc
Ti liu tham kho
Dung dch in phn

L thuyt ch o
Bi tp
Nguyen t Ganvani
L thuyt ch o
Bi tp
in phn qu th
L thuyt ch o
Bi tp
Mt s bi tp trc nghim
Bi tp ha l tp 3
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
81
Ph lc
(Bng th in cc chun 25oC)
Bi tp ha l tp 3
82
Bi tp ha l tp 3
83
Bi tp ha l tp 3
84
Bi tp ha l tp 3
85
Ti liu tham kho

1. Bi tp ha l: Nguyn Vn Du, Trn Hip Hi, Lm Ngc Thim, Nguyn Th
Thu, NXB Gio dc 2007
2. Gio trnh ha l - tp 3 (in ha hc - ng ha hc): Trn Hip Hi, Trn
Kim Thanh, NXB Gio dc 1985
3. Ha l tp 4: Nguyn Vn Tu, NXB Gio dc 1999
4. Phn ng in ha v ng dng: Trn Hip Hi, NXB gio dc 2003
5. Physical Chemistry-Understanding our Chemical World: Paul Monk Manchester Metropolitan University, UK. John Wiley & Sons Ltd, The Atrium, Southern
Gate, Chichester,West Sussex PO19 8SQ, England 2004.
6. A Working Method approach for introductory physical chemistry calculations Numerical and Graphical Problem Solving: Brian Murphy,Clair Murphy, Brian J.
Hathaway. Sales and Promotion Department The Royal Society of Chemistry Thomas
Graham House Science Park, Milton Road Cambridge CB4 4WF, UK
Bi tp ha l tp 3
86

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Th.

Ch o ni dung: Ths. Bi Thu Qunh

Chng 1: Dung dch in phn

S : tit din dy dn(cm2)

Hng s bnh : k . n v : cm-1

Hy tnh nhit in li ca axit ny 25 C.

Hy cho bit bng th , h v A c xc nh nh th no ?

21. Da vo nh lut gii hn ca bai Hucken , hy xc nh h s hot ion

hng s phn li nhit ng ca axit axetic 298 K ( ch : khi tnh h s hot

31. tan S ca mui phc :

v xc nh thng s kinh nghim a trong phng

tnh m rng ca bai- Hucken .

33. Hng s phn li nhit ng ca mt axit HA bng 3,3.10-4 25 C . Tnh phn

Xc nh dn in mol gii hn long v tn ca dung dch BaCl2 , bit

ca dung dch amoniac .

38. Dung dch axit yu HA 298K v long 32 lit c dn in ng lng

Tnh gi tr trung bnh ca hng s phn li Kc .

40. dn in ring ca dung dch H2SO4 4% 18 C bng 0,1675 . Khi lng

ca dung dch KCl 25 C theo nng c ghi li di y :

45. dn in ring ca dung dch NaCl 18 C ph thuc vo nng nh sau :

Tm phng trnh biu din s ph thuc ca

46. Xc nh tc tuyt i ca ion MnO4- nu sau 10 pht ion chuyn di c mt

48. dn in ng lng ca natri lactat 25 C v cc nng khc nhau

V ng biu din ta v tm h s gc ca ng biu din thu c.

53. HCl, NaCl , NaCH3COO c dn in ng lng ln lt bng 420, 126, v

Dung dch nghin cu l KCl 0,1 N .

Xc nh s ti trung bnh ca ion K+ .

H dli = 2362,84(J/mol) -2,363(KJ/mol)

mCH 3COOH = 0,66( g )

CCH COOH = CC H COOH = 1

12. Tham kho gio trnh ha l 3

m = + . .m = 3 1.22 .0,1 = 3 4.0,1 0,159

mK3Fe (CN )6 = 0,001

lg La3+ = 0,509.3 . 8.10

i vi cht in phn 1-1: I = C = 0,01.033 = 3,3.10-3

Tt AgCl = a Ag + .aCl = C Ag + .CCl . 2 S 2 2

Trong dd KCl 0,01m :

Tt AgCl = C Ag + .CCl . 2 S ( S + 0.01) 2

b) Trong dd Na2SO4 0,01m :

S = 2,123.104 (mol / L) = 2,123.283 = 0,06( g / L)

32. Tng t bi 36.

Trong dd c thm MgCl2 1M

Dd CuSO4 c CM = 1M => CN = CM.n = 0,1.2 = 0,2N

= 149,7 126,45 + 217,8 = 241,05(1.cm2 .d lg 1 )

ng vi C= 0 s l n in ng lng long v tn.

Kc = 3 K1.K 2 .K3 = 3 3, 72.3, 73.3, 7746.103 3, 74.103

AgBr = 0,57.107 (( 1.cm 1 )

CN (CH3COOH ) = 0,05 N ; = 3,24.104 ( 1.cm 1 )

(CH COOH )= ( CH COONa ) + ( H ) ( Na ) = 77,5 + 314,9 43,5 = 348,9

= 2,862; xNaCl = 0,56; xKCl = 0, 44

mhh = V .d = 1000.1,484 = 1484( g )

45. Coi s ph thuc ca vo

T : Th cc gi tr ca bng vo hm s y = ax + b ta c cc h phng trnh

107,2 = 0,0224.a + b b = 109

Tc tuyt i ca ion MnO4- :

= 129 64,9 = 64,1( 1.cm2 .d lg 1 )

48. Tng t bi 36.

4, 274.104 1, 266.104 + 1, 21.104 4, 218.104

1000 1000.4, 218.104

NaOH = 0,0221 NaOH =

Gi th tch ban u l 1(L)

NaOH + HCl NaCl + H 2O

Thm 1(L) dd HCl 0,1M th V mi = 3(L)