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adamiani da organizacia
organizaciis elementebi
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organizaciis misia, mizani da amocanebi sxadasxva saxisa da specializebis
(Sinaarsis) funqciebad SeiZleba daiyos da dajgufdes, rac organizaciis
struqturis gansazRvris mniSvnelovani wina piroba xdeba.
organizaciis struqtura misi arqiteqtonika, sxvadasxva niSniT gamoyofili
specialzebuli funqciebis Semsrulebeli, magram erTmaneTTan (rogorc
mTelTan), dakavSirebuli koordinirebuli nawilebia. tradiciulad,
organizaciuli struqtura, upirveles yovlisa, im princips gulisxmobs da
efuZneba, romelic organizaciis SigniT Sromis danawilebas edeba
safuZvlad. organizaciuli struqtura gansazRvravs personalis mier
Sesasrulebel funqciaTa Soris Tanafardobas, urTierTdaqvemdebarebas,
axdens urTierTobaTa koordinirebas, amyarebs garkveul Sidawesrigs; amis
miRweva xdeba Sromis mTliani procesis danawilebiT, specializebuli
struqturuli qvedanayofebis SeqmniT, TanamdebobaTa ierarqiiT da a. S.
arsebobs sxvadasxva saxis organizaciuli struqturebi, romelTagan yvelas
aqvs Tavisi met-naklebi pozitiuri da negatiuri mxareebi. amaTgan
yuradRebas gavamaxvilebT Semdegze.
funqciuri. es organizaciuli struqturis sakmaod farTod gavrcelebuli
formaa. am dros organizaciis struqtura iqmneba qvedanayofebs Soris
uflebamosilebaTa da Sesabamis funqciaTa gadanawilebis safuZvelze, anu
struqturuli qvedanayofebi organizaciis saqmianobis ZiriTadi
mimarTulebebis (funqciebis) mixedviT iqmneba, magaliTad, personalis,
finansebis, marketingis, auditisa da kontrolis, sazogadoebasTan
urTierTobis qvedanayofebi da sxv. funqciuri organizaciuli struqturis
mTavari upiratesobaa Semdegi: specialistTa maRali kompetenturoba,
procesebis Rrma analizi, xaziT menejerTa funqciebis erTi nawilisagan
ganTavisufleba da sxva; rac Seexeba problemebs, isini ukavSirdeba
SedarebiT viwro (mindobil funqciaTa farglebSi) specializebas,
organizaciaSi situaciis Secvlisas moqnilobisa da inovaciurobis dabal
dones.
xazobrivi. mas xSirad uwodeben piramidul, biurokratiul organizaciul
struqturasac; esaa ierarqiulad mkacrad organizebuli sturqtura,
romelic pasuxismgeblobis zonebis gamoyofasa da erTmmarTvelobas
efuZneba. rac metia manZili anu Tanamdebobrivi safexuri xelmZRvanelsa da
rigiT Semsrulebels Soris, miT ufro maRalia organizaciis
ierarqiulobis done. xazobrivi struqturis mTavari upiratesobaa Semdegi:
gadawyvetilebaTa miRebis operatiuloba, urTierTobaTa da kontrolis
mkafio sistema, xelmZRvanelTa miTiTebebis Sesrulebisas komunikacia,
gansakuTrebiT qvemodan zemoT, SezRudulia momuSaveTa damoukidebloba,
isini xSirad inertulebi arian, kontrolis sfero (anu daqvemdebarebulTa
raodenoba) SezRudulia da sxva.
adaptaciuri. esaa moqnili organizaciuli struqtura, romelic advilad
adaptirdeba, advilad egueba cvalebad garemosa da situaciebs, inarCunebs
xazobrivi da funqciuri struqturebis efeqtur mxareebs, axdens maT
integrirebas; am dros struqturebi iqmneba programebis, amocanebis,
prioritetebis, proeqtebis mixedviT, ufro efeqtianad xdeba adamianuri
resursebis gamoyeneba, mtkice kavSiri myardeba sxadasxva specialists
Soris da sxva. aris organizaciuli struqturis sxva nairsaxeobebic.
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personalis menejmenti
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sawarmoo procesSi Sesrulebuli funqciebis mixedviT personali iyofa eqvs
kategoriad:
-muSebi (ZiriTadi da damxmare);
-inJiner-teqnikuri muSakebi;
-mosamsaxureebi;
-mcire mosamsaxure personali;
-mowafeebi;
-dacva;
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organizaciis personalis raodenobisa da struqturis marTvis procesi
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misaRwevad
Zalisxmeva sargeblianobis,
organizaciis rogorc daxuruli efeqtianobisa da monawileebis
sistemis organizeba; dakmayofilebis misaRwevad
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sistema, amdenad SeuZlebelia mxolod erTi elementis muSaobiT mTlianad
organizaciaSi kargi Sedegebis miRweva.
organizaciaSi arsebuli resursebis (rogorc fizikuris, aseve adamianuris)
efeqturi gamoyeneba SesaZlebelia uzrunvelyofil iqnes Semdegi
RonisZiebebiT:
-organizaciuli struqturis srulyofiT, maT Soris marTvis doneebisa da
marTvis saSualo donis ricxovnobis SemcirebiT.
-gadawyvetilebebis miRebis procesis decentralizaciiT SesaZlo dabal
donemde.
-funqciaTa nawilis gadacemiT SuamavlebisaTvis, mimwodeblebisaTvis,
konsultantebisaTvis;
-TiToeul samuSao adgilze Sromis Sinaarsobrivi datvirTvis gazrdiT;
-Sromis procesebis avtomatizaciiT Sromis nayofierebis gazrdiT rogorc
warmoebaSi, aseve arasamewarmeo sferoSi;
-umaRlesi administraciis raodenobisa da organizaciul struqturebSi
dasaqmebuli personalis mniSvnelovani SemcirebiT;
-momzadebisa da gadamzadebis programebis investirebiT, TanamSromlebis
ostatobisa da rotaciis srulyofiT da sxv.
personalis marTvis sistemis ZiriTadi amocanebis ricxvs akuTvneben:
-firmisadmi daxmarebas misi miznebis miRwevaSi;
-firmis kvalifikaciuri da dainteresebuli muSaxeliT uzrunvelyofas;
-personalis ostatobisa da unaris efeqtianad gamoyenebas;
-personalis motivaciuri sistemebis srulyofas;
-yvela kategoriis muSakebis SromiTi dakmayofilebis donis amaRlebas;
-personalis motivaciuri sistemebis srulyofas;
-personalis kvalifikaciis amaRlebisa da profesiuli ganaTlebis sistemis
ganviTarebasa da maRal doneze organizebas;
-keTilsasurveli moraluri klimatis SenarCunebas;
-personalis Sidasaorganizacio moZraobis marTvas muSakebisa da
administraciis ormxrivi sargeblianobiT, agreTve sazogadoebis
sargeblianobis gaTvaliswinebiT;
-karieris dagegmvas samsaxurebrivi winsvliT;
-personalis SemoqmedebiT aqtivobaze gavlenas, firmisadmi inovaciuri
gegmebis realizaciaSi daxmarebas;
-personalis saqmianobis Sefasebis meTodebis srulyofas, mmarTvelobiTi
aparatis da sawarmoo personalis atestacias, personalis marTvis yvela
TanamSromelTan kavSirs;
-cxovrebis maRali donis uzrunvelyofas, rac sasurvels xdis mocemul
firmaSi muSaobas.
personalis marTvis kvlevisas mTavaria naTeli warmodgena gvqondes
organizaciis personalis kategoriis sirTuleze. organizaciis
saqmianobaSi monawileobas iReben gareSe da Siga ZiriTadi monawileebi,
romelTa mTavari interesebi SeiZleba aRweril iqnes Semdegnairad:
kapitalis mesakuTreebi warmoadgenen organizaciis mesakuTreebs, romlebsac
warmodgenili aqvT TavianTi kapitali (magaliTad, sacalo movaWreebi,
aqcionerebi, korporantebi da a.S.) isini dainteresebulni arian, erTi mxriv,
organizaciaSi dabandebuli kapitalis SenarCunebiTa da gazrdiT, meore
mxriv angariSebidan mimdinare moxsniT (dividendebis ganawilebiT). Oorive
miswarafebis winapirobas organizaciuli mogeba warmoadgens, romelic
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mocemulia Semosavlebsa da xarjebs Soris sxvaobis saxiT, mesakuTreebi
dainteresebulebi arian maRali SemosavlebiT da dabali xarjebiT. mogebis
gamoyenebaze arsebobs gansxvavebuli Sexedulebebi (Senaxvisa an
dividendebad ganawilebis). amis garda, mesakuTreebs ufleba aqvT
monawileoba miiRon ganzraxulebaTa formirebasa da maT ganxorcielebaSi.
isini amas damoukideblad axorcieleben (mesakuTreTa sawarmos saxiT), an
kidev TavianTi uflebis delegirebas daqiravebul menejerebze axdenen.
organizaciis menejerebs, rogorc damoukidebel jgufs mniSvneloba aqvT
mxolod menejerul organizaciaSi. isini principSi dainteresebulni arian
wilobrivi monawileebis interesebis dakmayofilebaSi, romlebic arsebiTad
maT cvlian, Tumca msxvil organizaciebSi arsebobs menejerebis _
daqiravebuli muSebis warmomadgenlebis Tanamdebobebi makontrolebel
sabWoSi. Aam sawarmoo interesebTan erTad menejerebi SeiZleba sakuTar
intersebsac misdevdnen (damoukidebloba, xelisufleba, aRiareba, kariera).
personali (TanamSromlebi) mudmivad dainteresebulia Tavisi samuSao
adgilis saimedoobiT, SesaZlo maqsimaluri xelfasiTa da socialuri
garantiebiT, muSaobis kargi pirobebiT da TanxmobiT, agreTve TavianTi
organizaciis maRali prestiJiT. xSirad vlindeba agreTve sakuTari
SesaZleblobebisa da piradi profesionaluri aRiarebis motivebi.
TanamSromlebis interesebs agreTve profkavSirebi da organizaciaSi
daqiravebuli muSebis warmomadgenelTa organoebi icaven.
kreditorebi (kapitalis garedan dambandeblebi) kerZo bankebi arian,
romlebic kreditebs iZlevian. isini daintersebuli arian SemoTavazebuli
kapitalis maqsimalurad maRal SefasebaSi (procentebSi), momsaxurebis
droul anazRaurebaSi (kerZod, procentisa da kreditis dafarvaSi) da
gauTvaliswinebeli SemTxvevisagan saTanado garantiebSi. msxvili
kreditebis gacemisas isini agreTve dainteresebuli arian informaciasa da
firmis menejerebze gavlenaSi.
aucilebeli masalebis mimwodeblebi zrunaven firmasTan xangrZlivi da
xelsayreli kavSirebis dasamyareblad. isini cdiloben miaRwion maqsimalur
Semosavlebs, maT mier ganxorcielebul miwodebaze SeTanxmebis xelsayrel
pirobebs, TavianTi mxridan minimalur danaxarjebs.
klientebs (muSaobis Sedegebis momxmareblebs) surT miiRon maTTvis saWiro
da aucilebeli maRali xarisxis nawarmi dabali fasebiT da xelsayrel
pirobebSi. isini saqonlis farTo asortimentisa da kargi momsaxurebisaken
iswrafvian.
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iniciativebi da sxva). maTi interesi organizaciebTan dakavSirebiT
gamoixateba imaSi, rom maT xeli unda Seuwyon jgufur miznebs, an, ukidures
SemTxvevaSi, xeli ar SeuSalon maT. Aamis Sesaxeb drouli informaciis
misaRebad, maT unda icodnen yvelaferi korporaciis realuri
mdgomareobis Sesaxeb. sazogadoebisaTvis gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba aqvs
janmrTelobisa da ekosferos SenarCunebas, amitom resursebis gamoyeneba,
yvelaferi is, rac zemoqmedebs garemoze, ganixileba kritikulad, rogorc
janmrTelobisaTvis mavne warmoebis produqtebi da saSualebebi.
personalis marTva efuZneba Semdeg amosaval debulebebs:
1) personalis dagegmvisa da organizaciis (firmis) ganviTarebis
strategiis mWidrod dakavSirebis aucileblobas;
2) personalTan muSaobis danaxarjebis raodenobriv Sefasebas da maT
gavlenas warmoebis ekonomikur maCveneblebze;
3) kompensaciebis aucilebeli paketis gansazRvras Sromis bazarze
efeqtianad muSaobisaTvis;
personalis xelmZRvaneloba, rogorc marTvis funqcia, mowodebulia
gaaerTianos, moaxdinos koordinireba yvela danarCeni funqciisa. Ees ki
miiRweva personalTan muSaobis principebis realizaciiT, maTi
urTierTqmedebiT.
personalTan muSaobis principebi
b) personalTan muSaobis
organizaciis principebi
rotacia calkeuli muSakebis droebiTma
gamosvlam ar unda Sewyvitos
romelime funqciis
ganxorcielebis procesi. amisTvis
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saWiroa personalis marTvis
TiToeul muSaks SeeZlos
Tanamdebobrivad ufro maRla
mdgom muSakTa funqciebis
imitireba, dabla mdgomi
TanamSromlisa da Tavisi Ddonis
erTi-ori muSakis funqciis
Sesruleba
mmarTvelobiTi orientaciis
optimaluri Tanamdeboba personalis marTvis funqciis
orientaciis gaswrebis
aucileblobas karnaxobs
ganviTarebis winswreba im
funqciebTan SedarebiT, romlebic
mimarTulni arian warmoebis
funqcionirebis uzrunvelyofaze.
gulisxmobs calkeuli
Pparaleluroba mmarTvelobiTi gadawyvetilebebis
erTdroul Sesrulebas, rac
amaRlebs personalis marTvis
operatiulobas.
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gulisxmobs saerTo
memkvidreobiToba meTodologiur safuZvels
personalis marTvis sistemis
srulyofis samuSaoebis
Casatareblad gansxvavebul
safexurebze da sxvadasxva
specialistebis mier.
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riTmuloba drois sxvadasxva monakveTSi
Tanabari moculobis samuSaoTa
Sesruleba da personalis marTvis
funqciebis ganmeorebis
regulireba
profesionali menejerebi
erTmaneTTan mWidro kontaqtiTa da
mmarTvelobaSi kolegialuroba kavSir-urTierTobiT muSaoben,
erTmaneTTan dakavSirebuli arian
TanamSromlobisa da kargi
urTierTdamokidebulebis
survilebiT, riTac qmnian
mmarTvelobiT Stats.
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personalis marTvis principebia:
15
resursebis dagegmva: momxmareblis adamianuri resursebiT
uzrunvelyofa da amisaTvis aucilebeli danaxarjebis gegmis SemuSaveba;
personalis SerCeva: yvela Tanamdebobis mixedviT potenciuri
kandidatebis rezervis Seqmna;
kadrebis gadarCeva: kandidatebis Sefaseba samuSao adgilebze da
rezervidan saukeTesoTa SerCeva;
xelfasisa da kompensaciebis gansazRvra: xelfasisa da SeRavaTebis
struqturis SemuSaveba personalis mozidvis, daqiravebisa da SenarCunebis
mizniT;
proforientacia da adaptireba: dasaqmebuli muSakebis Seyvana
organizaciasa (firmaasa) da mis qvedanayofebSi, muSakebisaTvis ganmarteba
da swavleba imisa, Tu ras moelis maTgan organizacia (firma) da rogori
Sroma iRebs damsaxurebul Sefasebas;
swavleba: personalis swavlebis programebis SemuSaveba, maT mier
samuSaos efeqtianad Sesrulebisa da samsaxurebrivi winsvlis mizniT;
SromiTi saqmianobis Sefaseba: SromiTi saqmianobis Sefasebis
meTodikis SemuSaveba da misi dayvana momuSaveebamde;
dawinaureba, daqveiTeba, gadayvana, daTxovna: muSakebis Tanamdebobrivi
gadaadgilebis meTodikis SemuSaveba meti an naklebi pasuxismgeblobis
SemcvelobiT, muSakebis profesiuli gamocdilebis ganviTareba maTi sxva
Tanamdebobebze gadaadgilebis gziT an sxva ubanze gadayvaniT, agreTve
daqiravebis xelSekrulebis Sewyvetis proceduris ganxorcielebiT;
xelmZRvaneli kadrebis momzadeba, samsaxurebrivi dawinaurebis marTva.
Pprogramebis SemuSaveba, romlebic mimarTulia xelmZRvaneli kadrebis
unaris ganviTarebisa da Sromis efeqtianobis amaRlebisaken;
SromiTi urTierTobebi: koleqtiuri xelSekrulebebis dadebasTan
dakavSirebuli molaparakebebis warmoeba;
dasaqmeba: dasaqmebis Tanabrad uzrunvelyofis programebis SemuSveba.
personalis marTvis programebis SemuSaveba iTvaliswinebs:
-miznobrivi orientaciisa da saerTo miznebis urTierTkavSiris
arsebobas.
-SromiTi resusrebis marTvis sferoSi strategiis erToblivad
SemuSavebas da dasaqmebis stabilizacias xelmZRvanelobis profkavSirebisa
da muSakebis mier.
organizaciuli kultura
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organizaciis wevrebze, maTi qcevis modificirebas im normebisa da
faseulobebis Sesabamisad, romlebic mis safuZvels Seadgenen.
imdenad, ramdenadac kultura umniSvelovanes rols TamaSobs
organizaciis cxovrebaSi mas gansakuTrebuli yuradReba unda eqceodes
xelmZRvanelobis mxridan.
menejementi ara marto Seesabameba organizaciul kulturas da masze
Zlieraa damokidebuli, aramed mas SeuZlia moaxdinos gavlena
organizaciuli kulturis formirebasa da ganviTarebaze. amisaTvis
menejerebs unda SeeZloT organizaciuli kulturis gaanalizeba da
gavlenis moxdena mis formirebasa da sasurveli mimarTulebiT Secvlaze.
Tanamedrove literaturaSi sakmaod mravladaa organizaciuli
kulturis Sinaarsis cnebis gansazRvra. rogorc mraval sxva organizaciul
mmarTvelobiT disciplinas, aseve organizaciuli kulturis koncefciasac
ar gaaCnia erTaderTi swori da utyuari ganmarteba. TiToeuli avtori
cdilobs es cneba Taviseburad ganmartos. Aamitom amJamad ukve gvaqvs
rogorc Zalian viwro, aseve farTo gansazRvra imisa, Tu ras warmoadgens
organizaciuli kultura.
avtorebis umeteseoba Tanxmdeba imaSi, rom organizaciuli kultura
mniSvnelovani varaudebisa da ganzraxvebis rTuli organizaciaa (romlebic
xSirad formulirebas ar eqvemdebareba da mtkicebis gareSe miiReba jgufis
wevrebis an organizaciis mier). xSirad korporaciuli kultura
ganmartebulia rogorc organizaciis wevrebis mier gaTavisebuli
filosofia da marTvis ideologia, varaudebi, ganzraxvebi, moraluri
faseulobani da normebi, romlebic safuZvlad udevs urTierTobebsa da
urTierTqmedebebs rogorc organizaciis SigniT, aseve mis farglebs gareT.
organizaciuli kultura organizaciaSi vlindeba adamianebs Soris
urTierTobebSi. Aamitom sxvadasxva adamianebi an organizaciis sxvadasxva
nawilebi cdiloben, rom organizaciis kultura msgavsi terminiT aRweron.
miuxedavad organizaciuli kulturis sxvadasxva ganmartebebisa da
maTi Sinaarsis aSkara gansxvavebisa, maTSi saerTo momentebic aris. Bbevr
ganmartebaSi avtorebi eyrdnobian sabazro varaudebis nimuSebs, romlebsac
organizaciis wevrebi icaven TavianT qcevebsa da qmedebebSi. es varaudebi
xSirad dakavSirebulia individis mier gare garemos (jgufis, organizaciis,
sazogadoebis, msoflios) xedvasTan da misi cvlilebebis
maregulireblebTan (buneba, sivrce, dro, samuSao urTierToba da a. S.).
xSirad Zneldeba am xedvis formulireba organizaciebTan mimarTebaSi.
Rirebulebebi (anu RirebulebiTi orientaciebi), romlebsac SeiZleba
icavdes individi, warmoadgens meore saerTo kategorias, romelic avtorebis
mier CarTulia organizaciuli kulturis ganmartebaSi. Rirebulebebi
orientirs aZlevs individs imis gasarkvevad, Tu rogori qceva SeiZleba
CaiTvalos misaRebad an dauSveblad (miuReblad). Aase, zogierT
organizaciaSi miCneulia, rom klienti yovelTvis marTalia, amitom
dauSvebelia klientis dadanaSauleba organizaciis wevrebis warumatebel
muSaobaSi. sxvagan SesaZlebelia yvelaferi sapirispirod iyos. magram
rogorc erT, ise meore SemTxvevaSi miRebuli faseuloba exmareba individs
imis gagebaSi, Tu rogor unda imoqmedos man konkrentul situaciaSi.
da bolos, organizaciuli kulturis Sinaarsis cnebis mesame saerTo
atributad miCneulia simbolika, romlis meSveobiTac RirebulebiTi
orientaciebi gadaecemaT organizaciis wevrebs. Mmraval firmas
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specialuri, yvelasaTvis gankuTvnili dokumenti aqvs, romelSic isini
detalurad aRweren TavianT RirebulebiT orientaciebs. magram am
ukanasknelis Sinaarsi da mniSvneloba sruliad gadaecema muSakebs
istoriis, legendebisa da miTebis meSveobiT. maT uyvebian Sinaarss,
gadascemen, ganumartaven. Sedegad isini individze ufro did gavlenas
axdenen, vidre is Rirebulebebi, romlebic Cawerilia organizaciis
sareklamo bukletSi.
organizaciuli kultura esaa umniSvnelovanesi varaudebis,
ganzraxvebis nakrebi, miRebuli organizaciis wevrebis mier da asaxuli
organizaciis mier gacxadebul RirebulebebSi, romlebic adamianebs aZleven
maTi qcevisa da moqmedebebis orientirebs. Ees RirebulebiTi orientaciebi
gadaecema individebs sulieri da materialuri Sida organizaciuli
urTierTobebis simboluri saSualebebiT.
mas, vinc cdilobs Rrmad Seicnos organizaciuli kultura, Sexeba
aqvs mis meore, zedapirul donesTan. am doneze Seswavlas eqvemdebareba
Rirebulebebi, romlebsac iziareben organizaciis wevrebi, imis Sesabamisad,
es Rirebulebebi ramdenad aisaxeba simboloebsa da enaSi. Rirebulebebis
miReba Segnebul xasiaTs atarebs da damokidebulia adamianebis survilebze.
Mmkvlevrebi xSirad izRudebian am doniT, radganac Semdeg doneze TiTqmis
dauZleveli sirTuleebi wamoiWreba.
mesame, siRrmisuli done moicavs sabazro varaudebsa da ganzraxvebs,
romlebic Znelad gasarkvevia da maTSi garkveva TviT organizaciis
wevrebsac ki uWirT specialurad am sakiTxebze gonebis daZabvisa da
yuradRebis gamaxvilebis gareSe. es faruli da sarwmunod miRebuli
varudebi da ganzraxulobani warmarTaven adamianebis qcevas da moqmedebas,
exmarebian maT aiTvison da aRiqvan is atributebi, romlebic axasiaTebs
organizaciul kulturas.
imis Sesabamisad, Tu miTiTebuli doneebidan romeli Seiswavleba,
miRebulia organizaciuli kulturebis dayofa subieqturad da obieqturad.
subieqturi organizaciuli kultura iqmneba muSakebis mier varaudebisa da
ganzraxulebaTa nimuSebis gaziarebis, rwmenisa da molodinisagan, agreTve
misi Rirebulebebis organizaciuli garemocvis jgufuri aRqmisagan
(miRebisagan), im normebisa da rgolebis miRebisagan, romlebic pirovnebis
gareT arseboben. amaSi CairTveba simbolikis rigi elementebi, gansakuTrebiT
misi sulieri nawili: organizaciis gmiri, miTebi organizaciisa da misi
lideris istoriaze, organizaciuli tabu, ritualebi, urTierTobaTa enisa
da lozungebis miReba-aRqma. subieqturi organizaciuli kultura
praqtikuli kulturis formirebis anu xelmZRvanelobis stilis SemuSavebis,
xelmRvanelebis mier problemaTa gadawyvetis stilis gamomuSavebis,
mTlianad maTi qcevis wesebis Camoyalibebis safuZvelia. Ees qmnis
gansxvavebas msgavs organizaciul kulturaTa Soris, magaliTad, or
kompanias SeuZlia ganacxados klientebis xarisxianad momsaxurebis Sesaxeb.
saboloo Sedegi bevrad iqneba damokidebuli imaze, Tu rogor iqneba
ganxorcielebuli am procesis xelmZRvaneloba.
obieqtur organizaciul kulturas Cveulebriv ukavSireben fizikur
garemocavas, romelic organizaciaSia Seqmnili: TviT Senoba da misi
dizaini, misi ganlagebis adgili, mowyobiloba da aveji, sivrcis feri da
moculoba, moxerxebuloba, misaRebi oTaxebi, manqanebis gasaCereblebi da
18
sxv. es yvelaferi ama Tu im xarisxiT asaxavs im faseulobebs, romlebsac
misdevs mocemuli organizacia.
miuxedavad imisa, rom organizaciuli kulturis orive aspeqti
mniSvnelovania, mainc subieqturi aspeqti adamianebsa da organizaciebs
Soris. rogorc saerTos, ise gansxvavebaTa Ziebis met saSulebas qmnis.
uamravi midgoma arsebobs im gansxvavebuli atributebis gamosayofad,
romlebic ama Tu im kulturis daxasiaTebas da identifikacias axdenen,
rogorc makro, ise mikrodoneze. Kkonkretuli organizaciuli kultura
SegviZlia ganvixiloT aTi maxasiaTeblis safuZvelze:
-muSakis mier sakuTari Tavisa da organizaciaSi Tavisi adgilis
gacnobiereba erTni kulturas aRiqvamen rogorc muSakis mier Tavisi
Sinagani ganwyobis dafarvas, meoreni mxars uWeren da waaxaliseben maT
garegan gamovlenas; calkeul SemTxvevebSi damoukidebloba da Semoqmedeba
vlindeba TanamSromlobis saxiT, xolo sxva SemTxvevaSi individualizmis
saxiT;
-urTierTobis komunikaciuri sistema da metyveleba zepiri, weriTi,
araverbaluri komunikaciis, satelefono uflebis da komunikaciis
gaxsnilobis gamoyeneba gansxvavebulia jgufebs Soris, jgufidan jgufamde,
organizaciidan organizaciamde; Jargoni, abreviatura, Jestikulaciebi saxes
icvlis, sxvadasxva organizaciebis dargobrivi, funqcionaluri da
teritoriuli kuTvnilebis mixedviT;
-garegnuli ieri, tansacmeli da Tavis wardgena samsaxurSi _
uniformaTa da spectansacmlis, saqmiani stilis, kosmetikis , varcxnilobis
gansxvavebuloba da mravalsaxeoba adasturebs mravali mikrokulturis
arsebobas;
-ras da rogor miirTmeven adamianebi, Wamis Cveulebebi da tradiciebi
_ muSakebis kvebis organizacia, maT Soris sawarmoSi kvebisTvis
gankuTvnili adgilebis arseboba an ararseboba; adamianebi daatareben
TavianT sakvebs Tu Sedian kafeebSi dawesebulebebis SigniT an mis gareT;
dotacia kvebaze; kvebis perioduloba da xangrZlivoba; sxvadasxva donis
muSakebi ikvebebian erTad Tu cal-calke da a. S.;
-drois Secnoba, SegrZneba, misdami damokidebuleba da gamoyeneba _
muSakebis sizustis xarisxi da droisadmi damokidebuleba; drois ganrigis
dacva; drois monoqronikuli an poliqronikuli gamoyeneba;
-adamianebs Soris urTierToba da urTierTdamokidebuleba _ asakisa
da sqesis mixedviT, statusisa da xelisuflebis mixedviT, gonierebisa da
inteleqtis, gamocdilebisa da codnis, rangis da protokolis, religiisa
da moqlaqeobis mixedviT da a. S.;
-faseulobebi _ rogorc orientirTa nakrebi imaze, Tu ra aris kargi
da ra aris cudi da normebi _ rogorc winadadebaTa da molodinTa
nakrebi qcevis gansazRvruli tipis mixedviT adamianebi ras afaseben
TavianT organizaciul cxovrebaSi (Tavis mdgomareobas, titulebs Tu TviT
samuSaos da a. S) da rogor xdeba am faseulobaTa SenarCuneba;
-rwmena raRacis mimarT da raRacis mimarT damokidebuleba an ganwyoba
raRacis mimarT _ rwmena xelmZRvanelobis, warmatebebis, sakuTari Zalebis,
urTierTdaxmarebis, eTikuri qcevis, samarTlianobis mimarT da a.S.;
kolegebisadmi damokidebuleba, borotebis, Zladobisa da agresiisadmi
damokidebuleba da sxv.; religiis gavlena da morali;
19
-muSakebis ganviTarebis procesi da swavleba _ samuSaos moufiqrebeli
an Segnebuli Sesruleba; orientiri inteleqtze Tu Zalaze; muSakebis
informirebis procedurebi; msjelobebsa da moqmedebebSi logikis primatis
aRiareba an uaryofa; abstraqcia da konceptualizacia azrovnebasa da
swavlaSi; mizezebis ganmartebisadmi midgoma;
-SromiTi eTika da motivireba samuSaos mimarT damokidebuleba da
pasuxismgebloba samuSaos Sesrulebaze; samuSaos danawileba da Senacvleba-
Canacvleba; samuSao adgilis sisufTave; samuSaos xarisxi; Cveulebebi
samuSos mixedviT; samuSaos Sefaseba da waxaliseba; damokidebuleba
adamiani-manqana; individualuri an jgufuri muSaoba; samsaxurebrivi
dawinaureba.
organizaciuli kulturis zemoaRniSnuli maxasiaTeblebi erTad
aRebuli asaxaven da Sinaars aZleven organizaciuli kulturis koncefcias.
Oorganizaciis wevrebi, iziareben ra rwmenasa da molodinis grZnobas,
qmnian TavianT fizikur garemocvas, SeimuSaveben urTierTobis enas, avlenen
yvelasaTvis gasageb grZnobebsa da emociebs. Yyovelive es exmareba maT
organizaciuli kulturis gagebasa da interpretirebaSi, anu Tavisi
mniSvneloba mianiWon movlenebsa da moqmedebebs, gaazrebuli gaxadon
TavianTi samuSao garemocva. adamianebisa da jgufebis qceva organizaciis
SigniT mWidrodaa dakavSirebuli normebTan, romlebic gamomdinareobs am
rwmenis, molodinisa da moqmedebebisagan.
organizaciuli kulturis Sinaarsi gavlenas axdens qcevis
mimarTulebebze da ganisazRvreba varaudebisa da ganzraxvebis ara martivi
dajamebiT, aramed imiT, Tu rogor arian isini dakavSirebuli erTmaneTTan
da rogor qmnian qcevis gansazRvrul nimuSebs. Aama Tu im kulturis
ganmasxvavebeli da damaxasiaTebeli niSan-Tvisebaa formirebadi sabaziso
varaudebisa da ganzraxvebis garkveuli wesrigi,, rac miuTiTebs imaze, Tu
rogori politika da romeli principebi unda Warbobdes winadadebaTa
sxvadasxva nakrebs Soris konfliqtis wamoWris SemTxvevaSi. Aase, or
organizacias Tanabrad SeuZlia ganacxados muSaobaSi kooperaciisa da Sida
konkurenciis ganviTarebis Sesaxeb, rogorc erT-erT mniSvnelovan
Rirebulebaze. Mmagram, amasTan, erT organizaciaSi kooperacia ufro metad
iqneba damokidebuli gadawyvetilebaTa miRebis procesze, xolo Sida
konkurencia karieris dagegmvaze. Mmeore organizaciaSi aqcenti SeiZleba
gakeTdes Sebrunebuli wesiTa da mimarTulebebiT. Aam ori organizaciis
kulturaTa Sinaarsi sakmaod gansxavavebuli iqneba, miuxedavad imisa, rom
maTi varaudebisa da ganzraxulebaTa nakrebi arsebiTad TiTqos erTnairia.
zemoT moyvanili kidev erTxel TvalnaTliv gviCvenebs, rom
organizaciul kulturaze, rogorc monoliTur fenomenze, laparaki ar
gviwevs. Ees mxolod organizaciis erTi kulturaa. Aamis miuxedavad,
aucilebelia gvaxsovdes, rom erT organizaciaSi SesaZlebelia iyos bevri
lokaluri kultura. maSasadame, arsebobs erTi, mTel organizaciaSi
umeteswilad gavrcelebuli da upiratesad miCneuli kultura da misi
nawilebis (donis, qvedanayofis, profesionaluri, regionaluri, erovnuli,
asakobrivi, sqesobrivi da sxva jgufebis) kultura. Yyvela es gansxvavebuli
subkultura SesaZlebelia Tanaarsebobdes erTi saerTo kulturis qveS.
organizaciaSi erTi an ramdenime subkultura Tavisi bunebiT
SesaZlebelia imyofebodes imave ganzomilebaSi, romelSic aris
organizaciaSi dominirebuli kultura, an kidev Seqmnas am organizaciaSi
20
erTgvari meore ganzomileba. pirvel organizaciaSi es iqneba Taviseburi
anklavi, romelSic dominirebuli kulturis Rirebulebebisadmi erTguleba,
Tavdadeba vlindeba ufro metad, vidre organizaciis sxva nawilSi.
Cveulebriv, es xdeba organizaciis centraluri aparatis subkulturis an
marTvis organoebis sistemaSi. meore SemTxvevaSi organizaciaSi
dominirebuli kulturis ZiriTadi Rirebulebebi am organizaciis romelime
jgufis wevris mier miiReba sxva kulturebTan erTad calke nakrebis saxiT.
sazogadoebis msgavsad, organizaciaSic SeiZleba arsebobdes mesame tipis
subkulturebic, romlebic sakmaod mtkiced uaryofen imas, risi miRwevac
organizacias surs mTlianobaSi. organizaciaSi kontrkulturebi maSin
iqmneba xolme, rodesac individebi da jgufebi iseT pirobebSi imyofebian,
rom SeuZlebelia maTTvis sasurveli an normaluri mdgomareobis
uzrunvelyofa. garkveuli azriT, organizaciuli kontrkulturebi
warmoadgenen stresis an krizisis periodSi mowodebas daxmarebisaken, anu
rodesac mxardaWeris arsebuli sistema iSleba da adamianebi cdiloben
organizaciaSi TavianTi cxovrebis kontrolis raime doniT aRdgenas.
zogierTi kontkulturis jgufi SesaZlebelia sakmaod gavleniani gaxdes
msxvilmasStabiani transformaciuli procesebis msvlelobaSi, romlebic
dakavSirebulia bunebaSi mimdinare cvlilebebTan, agreTve organizaciis
konstruqciisa da xasiaTis cvlilebebTan. aseTi jgufebis TvalsaCino
magaliTia Tavis droze yovlisSemZle SromiTi koleqtivis sabWoebi,
romlebic amJamad, privatizaciis procesis mimdinareobisas, warmoiqmna
sawarmoTa aqciebis sakontrolo paketis mflobelTa jgufebis da
sabiujeto organizaciebis samewarmeo qvedanayofebis saxiT.
rogorc kargadaa cnobili, garemomcveli sfero mniSvnelovan
gavlenas axdens organizaciaze, rac, bunebrivia, mis kulturazec aisaxeba.
amasTan, rogorc praqtika gviCvenebs, or organizacias, romlebic erT
garemosa da garemocvaSi funqcionireben, SesaZlebelia Zlier gansxvavebuli
kultura hqondeT. Ees imitom xdeba, rom organizaciis wevrebi TavianTi
erToblivi gamocdilebiT sxvadasxvanairad wyveten or umniSvnelovanes
problemas. Ppirveli _ esaa gare adaptacia: ra unda gakeTdes organizaciis
mier da rogor unda gakeTdes. meore _ esaa Siga integracia: rogor wyveten
organizaciis muSakebi TavianT yoveldRiur, organizaciaSi muSaobasa da
cxovrebasTan dakavSirebul problemebs.
gare adaptaciis da gadarCenis procesi ukavSirdeba organizaciis
mier bazarze Tavisi niSis Ziebasa da povnas da mis morgebas mudmivad
cvalebad garemosTan. Ees aris organizaciis mier Tavisi miznebis miRwevisa
da misi urTierTqmedebis procesi gare samyaros warmomadgenlebTan.
Cveulebriv organizacia viTardeba axali wevrebis mozidvis xarjze,
romlebic sxva kulturis mqone organizaciebidan modian. Oorganizaciis
axal wevrebs, nebsiT Tu uneblieT, organizaciaSi sxva kulturis virusi
SeaqvT. Semdgom ki kulturebidan romeli damkvidrdeba da gadarCeba,
bevradaa damokidebuli maT siZliereze, ramdenadac es siZliere gavlenas
axdens ama Tu im qcevis intensivobaze.
organizaciis kulturis siZliere sami parametriT ganisazRvreba:
-kulturis sisqe;
-organizaciis wevrebis mier kulturis gaziarebis xarisxi;
-kulturis prioritetebis sicxade (garkveuloba).
21
organizaciis kulturis sisqe ganisazRvreba im mniSvnelovani
varaudebis (ganzraxvaTa) raodenobiT, romlebsac TanamSromlebi iziareben.
Kkultura rwmenisa da Rirebulebebis mravali doniT Zlier gavlenas
axdens TanamSromelTa qcevebze.
zogierT kulturaSi aRiarebuli da gaziarebuli sxvadasxva rwmena da
Rirebulebebi mkveTrad ranJirebulia, amasTan, is, rom maT sxvadasxvagvari
Rirebuleba aqvT, sulac ar amcirebs TiToeuli maTganis rols. zogierT
sxva kulturaSi SedarebiTi prioritetebi da aRiarebul Rirebulebebs
Soris kavSirebi mTlianad naTeli ar aris. pirvel SemTxvevaSi miiRweva
didi efeqti adamianebis qcevaze gavlenis TvalsazrisiT, ramdenadac maTSi
iwyebs formirebas rwmena imisa, Tu romeli Rirebuleba unda Warbobdes
interesTa konfliqtis SemTxvevaSi
22
motivireba adamianis im moTxovnilebebTan dakavSirebuli Sinagani
mdgomareobaa, romlebic stimuls aZleven mis moqmedebebs da dasaxuli
miznebis misaRwevad warmarTaven.
moTxovnilebebi;
motivebi, moqmedebebi, romlebic moTxovnilebaTa dakmayofilebiskenaa
mimarTuli;
mizani;
moTxovnilebaTa dakmayofilebis
Sedegi
xazgasmiT unda aRiniSnos, rom motivireba uSualod da ganuyofladaa
dakavSirebuli adamianis moTxovnilebebTan. moTxovnileba aris adamianis
mier aRqmuli ukmarisoba imisa, rac mis gareTaa da rac aucilebelia misi
normaluri cxovrebisaTvis. rodesac iwyeben muSaobas, adamianebi cdiloben
daikmayofilon sxvadasxva moTxovnileba, romelic SeiZleba xSirad
saTanadod gacnobierebulic ki ar hqondeT. Tanamedrove literaturaSi
arsebobs adamianis moTxovnilebaTa sakmaod bevri, erTmaneTisagn met-
naklebad gansxvavebuli klasifikacia, amaTgan erT-erTi yvelaze
popularulia maslous mier warmodgenili klasifikacia.
pirveladi moTxovnilebebi
1. fiziologiuri
2. usafrTxoebis
meoradi moTxovnilebebi
3. aRiareba-pativiscemis
4. socialuri
Y 5. TviTgamoxatvis (TviTrealizebis)
23
TviTgamoxatvis moTxovnilebebia: sakuTari unar-SesaZleblobebis
srulyofilad gamovlena da realizeba, SemoqmedebiTi ganviTareba,
pirovnuli zrda.
rasakvirvelia, moTxovnilebaTa warmodgenili ierarqiidan pirveli
ori, e.w. vitaluri, anu sasicocxlo mniSvnelobis, pirveladi
moTxovnilebebia; Tu isini araa dakmayofilebuli, Znelia (Tu SeuZlebeli
ara) adamians sxva, ufro maRali, meoradi aRiareba-pativiscemasTan,
socialur cxovrebasTan Tu TviTgamoxatvasTan dakavSirebuli _
moTxovnilebebi gauCndes; Tumca gamonaklisebi yovelTvis da yvelgan xdeba
da dRevandeli saqarTveloc amis saukeTeso magaliTia: vitaluri
(fiziologiuri da usafrTxoebis) moTxovnilebaTa arasakmarisi
dakmayofilebis pirobebSic ki saqarTvelos sajaro samsaxurSi cotani
rodi arian moxeleebi, romlebic patiosnad, SemoqmedebiTad, didi
mondomebiTa da maRali pasuxismgeblobiT asruleben TavianT funqciebs da
profesiul kmayofilebasac grZnoben.
rogorc ukve aRiniSna, bevr adamians axali samuSaos dawyebisa da
axal organizaciaSi samomavlo saqmianobis motivebi, rogorc wesi,
detalurad, konkretulad da sistemurad Camoyalibebuli ara aqvs. SeiZleba
erTi-ori, misTvis mTavari da prioritetuli motivi hqondes
gacnobierebuli, xolo danarCenebi arsebobdes intuiciur, qvecnobier
doneze, an sruliad ar iyos Camoyalibebuli da saqmianobis Semdgom
etapebze gamoCndes.
am TvalsazrisiT, metad mniSvnelovania organizaciis personalis
marTvis samsaxuris, rogorc meTodur-makoordinirebeli qvedanayofis, ise
gansakuTrebiT xaziT menejerTa roli da funqciebi; am ukanasknelebma da,
sazogadod, nebismierma menejerma unda icodes da cdilobdes ukeT gaigos,
Tu ra konkretuli motivebi, moTxovnilebebi da interesebi amoZravebs maTze
uSualod daqvemdebarebulebs, risken iswrafvian, ras elodebian xval da
zeg isini, ra moswonT da ra ar moswonT maT TavianT saqmianobaSi, ra
Seuwyobs xels maTi muSaobis efeqtianobis mniSvnelovan zrdas da sxv.
socialuri moTxovnilebebi
SeecadeT TanamSromlebs misceT iseTi samuSao, romelic maT sxvebTan
urTierTobebis saSualebas miscems;
SeqmeniT erTiani gundis suliskveTeba samuSao adgilebze;
moawyveT daqvemdebarebulebTan perioduli TaTbirebi;
Tu organizacias realur zians ar ayeneben, nu SeecdebiT
araformaluri jgufebis daSlas;
SeqmeniT saTanado pirobebi organizaciis gareT organizaciis wevrebis
socialuri aqtivobisaTvis.
aRiareba-pativiscemis moTxovnilebebi
SesTavazeT daqvemdebarebulebs ufro Sinaarsiani samuSao;
uzrunvelyaviT organizaciis miRweul SedegebTan daqvemdebarebulTa
dadebiTi ukukavSiri;
saTanadod SeafaseT da waaxaliseT daqvemdebarebulTa mier miRweuli
Sedegebi;
24
aqtiurad CaabiT daqvemdebarebulebi organizaciis (qvedanayofis
miznebis formulirebisa da gadawyvetilebis miRebis procesSi);
moaxdineT daqvemdebarebulebebze damatebiT uflebamosilebaTa
delegireba;
izruneT daqvemdebarebulTa karieraze, Tanamdebobriv winsvlaze,
waxalisebaze.
25
aicilos motivebis konfliqti, roca sxvadasxva motivi adamianisagan
gansxvavebul qcevas, moqmedebasa da gadawyvetilebebis miRebas moiTxovs.
MmagaliTad, momuSaves SeiZleba didi survili hqondes xelmZRvanelis yvela
davaleba da miTiTeba ukomentarod Seasrulos, magram misma zogierTma
kolegam SeiZleba aseTi mondomeba gadaWarbebulad, mliqvnelobad CaTvalos
da maTTan urTierToba gaufuWdes, anu adgili aqvs interesTa konfliqts.
adamianis qcevaze moqmed motivebs Soris erTgvari urTierTkavSiri
arsebobs. Aam motivebs Soris SeiZleba damyardes kompensaciuri
urTierTobebi; SedarebiT susti motivi SeiZleba kompensirebuli an
gawonasworebuli iqnes sxva motivebiT; amis sakmaod gavrcelebuli
magaliTia, roca arcTu saintereso samuSao mimzidveli xdeba maRali
xelfasis gamo da piriqiT: Sromis arcTu maRali anazRaureba SeiZleba
kompensirebul iqnes imiT, rom samuSao sainteresoa, damoukideblobasa da
SemoqmedebiT midgomas moiTxovs. kompensaciuri urTierTobebis bevri
magaliTia saqarTvelos sajaro samsaxurSi, kerZod, profesionali da
patiosani moxeleebis SemTxvevaSi, roca saarsebo minimumze dabali
anazRaureba da socialuri daucveloba met-naklebad kompensirdeba
profesiuli Rirsebis grZnobis, patriotizmisa da qveynisaTvis samsaxuris
prioritetulobis da sxva pozitiuri motivebiT.
samarTlianobis principi
26
SefasebaSi. Aadamianebi miiswrafvian organizaciasa da sxva adamianebTan
samarTlian urTierTobaTa damyarebisken da cdiloben Secvalon is SromiTi
urTierTobebi, romelTac isini arasamarTlianad miiCneven; adamianebs surT,
rom maTsa da organizacias Soris samarTliani urTierTobebi damyardes; am
wonasworobis nebismieri darRveva, rogorc erTi, ise meore mxaris
sasargeblod, warmoSobs daZabulobasa da Sesabamis moqmedebebs.
aq aucilebelia aRiniSnos, rom samarTlianobis gageba subieqturia. es
aris momuSavis azri, SegrZneba Tu warmodgena imasTan dakavSirebiT, Tu
ramdenad samarTlianad afaseben mis SromiT wvlils. is, rac momuSavem
Tavisi SromiTi wvlilis arasamarTlian Sefasebad SeiZleba CaTvalos, misma
xelmZRvanelma SeiZleba savsebiT samarTlianad miiCnios; magaliTad,
momuSave SeiZleba ukmayofilo iyos da usamarTlobad miiCnevdes Tavisi
Sromis anazRaurebis (xelfasis) raodenobas, maSin, roca misi xelmZRvaneli
SeiZleba piriqiT fiqrobdes, rom momuSave am donis anazRaurebasac ar
imsaxurebs.
iswrafvis ra organizaciasTan samarTliani urTierTobebis
dasamyareblad, momuSavem SeiZleba sxvadasxva tipis Sedarebebi gaakeTos,
kerZod:
sakuTar Tavs adarebs organizaciis sxva momuSaveebs;
sakuTar Tavs adarebs sxva organizaciis momuSaveebs;
axdens sistemur-struqturul Sedarebebs; ase magaliTad, Tu
organizacia acxadebs, rom is axorcielebs xelfasze danamatebs
welTa namsaxurobisaTvis, magram mxedvelobaSi ar iRebs saarsebo
minimumisa da inflaciis zrdas, maSin arsebuli da mosalodneli
xelfasis doneebs Soris gansxvavebam momuSaveSi ukmayofilebisa da
usamarTlobis grZnoba SeiZleba gamoiwvios;
aanalizebs organizaciaSi damkvidrebul praqtikas; magaliTad, Tu
Tanamdebobrivi dawinaurebisas organizaciaSi xelfass, rogorc wesi,
uzrdian xolme, maSin analogiur SemTxvevaSi Tu momuSaves xelfasi
gauzardes, samarTlianobad aRiqvams, xolo Tu ara samarTlianobis
principis darRvevad;
iTvaliswinebs sakuTar gamocdilebas; magaliTad, Tu momuSave,
tradiciulad, xelfasze sakmaod mniSvnelovan danamatebs iRebda,
bunebrivia, is elodeba ase iqneba momavalSic;
aanalizebs da afasebs, Tu ras warmoadgens igi, ra mniSvneloba aqvs
mas organizaciisaTvis, Tavisi codna-gamocdilebiT ra konkretuli
wvlili Seaqvs mis saqmianobaSi.
mxardaWeris principi
27
cdilobs, rom sxvagvarad moiqces da Tavidan aicilos uaryofiTi Sedegebi;
magaliTad, momuSave cdilobs droulad da xarisxianad Seasrulos uSualo
xelmZRvanelis davalebebi, radgan winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi isjeba xolme
Rebulobs sayvedurs, ar aZleven premias da a.S. maSasadame, mxardaWera
SeiZleba iyos pozitiuri an negatiuri.
pozitiuri mxardaWera aris stimuli, romelic zrdis sasurveli
qcevis albaTobas; magaliTad, skolaSi maRali SefasebebisaTvis mowafe
iRebs pozitiur mxardaWeras mSoblebisagan sxvadasxva formiT (Seqeba,
mofereba, sasurveli nivTis yidva da sxv.); SromiTi urTierTobebis dros
momuSavisaTvis mniSvnelovani pozitiuri mxardaWera SeiZleba gamoyenebul
iqnes miRwevebis uzrunvelsayofad da saqmianobis efeqturobis
gasazrdelad. Aaqve unda gaviTvaliswinoT, rom is mxardaWera, romelic
erTi momuSavisTvis mniSvnelovani faseulobaa, meorisTvis SeiZleba
arafers warmoadgendes; ase magaliTad, momuSaveTa erTi nawilisaTvis
SeiZleba mTavari iyos samuSaos mniSvneloba da prestiJi, xolo meore
nawilisTvis xelfasi iyos ganmsazRvreli.
negatiurma mxardaWeram SeiZleba ara mxolod daamuxruWos adamianis
arasasurveli moqmedebebi da qcevebi, aramed stimuli misces warmatebis
misaRwev moqmedebebs.
aRniSnulidan cxadia, rom didi mniSvneloba aqvs xelmZRvanelis mier
mxardaWeris swori strategiis arCevas, raTa miaRwios daqvemdebarebulTa
motivirebis maRal donesa da maTi Sromis Sesabamis Sedegebs. samwuxarod,
bevri xelmZRvaneli daqvemdebarebulTa motivirebis problemas martivad da
primitiulad uyurebs, kerZod, fiqroben amgvarad: mieci maRali xelfasi da
adamiani kargad imuSavebs; aseTi zerele midgomisas, roca xelmZRvanelma
saTanadod ar icis, Tu rogor imoqmedos motivirebaze da Sesabamisad
adamianebze, is SeiZleba bevr sirTules waawydes, kerZod:
momuSavis motivireba da aqtivoba SeiZleba Semcirdes, Tu misi
Sedegebi saTanadod ar dafasdeba;
momuSaves SeiZleba hqondes dabali motivireba, Tu mas ukve aqvs am
organizaciaSi misi TanamdebobisaTvis maqsimaluri anazRaureba da
misi Sromis nayofierebisa da xarisxis Semdgomi amaRleba aRar
aisaxeba xelfasis gazrdaze;
Aaris SemTxvevebi, roca momuSave Tavisi SromiTi wvlilis Sesabamis
anazRaurebas iRebs, magram es mis motivirebaze gavlenas ar axdens,
es naklebad izidavs, radgan mas aTjer da asjer ufro meti sxva
Semosavali aqvs;
Tu, momuSavis azriT, misi waxaliseba araa sakmarisi, aseTi
waxaliseba ver SeZlebs momuSavis efeqtiani qcevis stimulirebas;
Tu momuSaveebi waxalisebas ar miiCneven samarTlianad, maSin
samuSaoTi maTi kmayofileba mcirdeba. ramac SeiZleba SromiTi
maCveneblebis gauaresebac gamoiwvios;
daqvemdebarebulTa waxalisebisas xelmZRvanelebi yovelTvis ar
iReben mxedvelobaSi maT individualur Taviseburebebs, magaliTad,
asaks, mis mier organizaciaSi miRweul statuss, pirovnul Tvisebebs,
Sromis mTavar, prioritetul motivebs da a. S.
28
adamianebTan urTierTobis xelovneba
mizani da amocanebi.
29
Sexvedrebis ganmavlobaSi inaxaven an erTmaneTs uziareben informacias,
msjeloben an ar msjeloben sxvaTa mier miwodebul informaciaze;
Sexvedris monawileTa Soris gansxvavebuli tipis urTierTobebi myardeba.
Sexvedris bolos zogjer obieqturi Sefaseba eZleva gansxvavebul azrebs,
xolo zogjer formdeba SeTanxmebebi.
yovel TaTbirze arsebobs mravali saSualeba, romelic exmareba
momwvevs amocanis ganxorcielebaSi; maT Soris erT-erTi ZiriTadia
gacemuli da miRebuli informacia. Mmis raodenobaze, xarisxze, Sinaarsze,
kavSirze, formasa da konteqstze mniSvnelovnadaa damokidebuli Sexvedris
sawyisi miznis miRweva.
laparakia ara mxolod gacemuli da miRebuli informaciis Sinaarsze,
aramed situaciasa da urTierTqmedebebze, romlebic am informaciidan
gamomdinareobs. Zalze mniSvnelovania, Tu rogor viTardeba damswreTa
Soris es urTierTqmedebebi, raTa dadgenil droSi Sesruldes is sawyisi
amocanebi, romlebmac ganapiroba sxvadasxva pirovnebis yofna garkveul
drosa da garkveul adgilas.
Aaucilebelia gvaxsovdes, rom Sexvedra erToblivi aqtia; imTaviTve
arsebobs piri, visac aqvs specifikuri mizani (sakuTari an uwyebrivi) da misi
SesrulebisaTvis sWirdeba sxvebi, anu gareSe pirTa monawileoba nebismieri
formiT. TaTbiris momwvevs aqvs sakuTari mosazrebebi miznebis, Temis an
detalebis dasadgenad. mas ufleba aqvs SearCios monawileebi da siidan
amoiRos zogierTi maTgani, miiwvios isini gansazRvrul adgilas,
gansazRvrul dros da gansazRvruli vadiT. mas SeuZlia winaswar gaacnos
an ar gaacnos monawileebs Sexvedris realuri miznebis detalebi an is,
rasac momwvevi elis sxvebis daswrebis Sedegad. Mmiwveulebi eswrebian
Sexvedras, maT gacnobierebuli aqvT, rom monawileobas miiReben an
ubralod daeswrebian urTierTqmedebis am process, radgan Sexvedris
aucileblobas swored es urTierTqmedeba gansazRvravs.
saWiroa, rom Sexvedraze dasaswrebad SerCeuli pirebi iziarebdnen da
eTanxmebodnen Sexvedris adgils, dros da Sexvedris xasiaTs, miT umetes,
roca mowveulebi TaTbiris momwvevis uSualo daqvemdebarebaSi ar arian. es
sami maxasiaTebeli sami damatebiTi elementia, romelzedac mniSvnelovnadaa
damokideebuli TaTbiris momwvevisa da monawileebis miznebis miRwevis
SesaZlebloba.
rogorc vxedavT, Sexvedrebs SeiZleba hqondes gansxvavebuli amocanebi
da sxvadasxva donis sirTuleebi miznis miRwevisas. swored amitom
aucilebelia Sexvedrebis dagegmva da marTva, raTa ukeT iqnes miRweuli
organizaciis, koleqtiuri Tu pirovnuli miznebi, xolo TaTbirebsa da
Sexvedrebze, rac SeiZleba, naklebi dro daixarjos.
30
TaTbirebi marTvis erT-erTi efeqtiani da yvelaze gavrcelebuli
organizaciuli meTodia. isini saSualebas gvaZlevs srulyofilad da
umokles droSi movaxdinoT dainteresebul muSakTa didi jgufis
erTdrouli informireba, gavecnoT maT azrsa da winadadebebs, gavanawiloT
davaleba, vimsjeloT umniSvnelovanes problemebze da, rac mTavaria,
miviRoT urTierTSeTanxmebuli gadawyvetileba, movaxdinoT davalebebis
koordinireba da TanamSromlobis organizeba.
TaTbirebi mxolod im SemTxvevaSi unda Catardes, roca isini marTlac
aucilebelia sakiTxebis koleqtiurad gadasawyvetad da roca vgrZnobT, rom
uSualo urTierToba arsebiTad Seamsubuqebs, daaCqarebs, gaaiafebs
samuSaos, aamaRlebs miRebul gadawyvetilebaTa xarisxs da TaTbirs
SeuZlia umniSvnelovanes sakiTxebze erTian azramde migviyvanos.
drois danaxarjebis struqturis analizi mowmobs, rom maRali rangis
xelmZRvanelTa samuSao drois didi nawili, daaxloebiT naxevari, krebebze,
TaTbirebze, momsvlelTa miRebasa da saubarze ixarjeba. Aamdenad, Zalze
mniSvnelovania, Tu rogor tardeba es TaTbirebi da Sexvedrebi da ra
Sedegebs vaRwevT.
TaTbirebisa da Sexvedrebis Catarebisas aucilebelia daculi iqnes
sxvadasxva moTxovna, kerZod:
saTaTbiro organos unda hqondes Tavisi samuSao gegma ,
regularulad, sasurvelia erTsa da imave dros ikribebodes, xolo
misi Semadgenloba met-naklebad stabiluri unda iyos;
Gganxilvis Sedegebze sagrZnob gavlenas axdens ara mxolod TaTbiris
monawileTa kompetencia, aramed maTi raodenobac. praqtika
adasturebs, rom roca TaTbirSi 20 kacze meti monawileobs,
sakiTxebis ganxilva rTuldeba;
Gganxilvis saboloo Sedegze arsebiT gavlenas axdens isic, Tu
rogoraa TaTbiri momzadebuli. misi monawileebi gansaxilvel
masalebs daaxloebiT erTi kviriT adre unda iRebdnen, raTa
saTanadod moemzadon; vinc kargad moemzadeba, is arwmunebs sxvebs
Tavisi argumentebiT da Tavisas SedarebiT advilad aRwevs. zogadi
frazebiT, erTi da imaves gameorebiTa Tu gauTavebeli TxovniT
veravis davarwmunebT, Zala aqvs mxolod mtkice argumentebs, cifrebs,
magaliTebs, analizs, ekonomikur gaangariSebas, teqnikur monacemebs
da a. S.;
TaTbirisaTvis momzadebuli masalebi gadatvirTuli ar unda iyos
specifikuri terminebiT da frazebiT, gasagebad unda iyos dawerili,
raTa saqmis arsSi isinic droulad da kargad gaerkvnen, romlebic
SedarebiT naklebad icnoben maT. amasTan, es masalebi unda iyos
obieqturi, hqondes zusti misamarTi, Seicavdes Sesadarebel
monacemebs (sxva analogiur organizaciebis monacemebs qveynis SigniT
da gareT, wina wlebis dinamikas), ar unda iyos didi moculobis;
Ddidi mniSvneloba aqvs TaTbiris organizebasa da gaZRolas. TaTbiris
xelmZRvanelma TaTbiris momzadebaze ufro meti dro unda daxarjos,
vidre TviT TaTbirze. sakiTxebi winaswar safuZvlianad unda iyos
momzadebuli, dainteresebul mxareebTan SeTanxmebuli, Tavi unda
avaridoT improvizebas TaTbiris msvlelobisas. TaTbiris
xelmZRvanelma unda SeZlos sakiTxTa ganxilvis swori taqtikisa da
31
teqnologiis arCeva, sxvadasxva azris mqoneTa Soris wamoWrili
konfliqtebis gadaWra da a. S.;
TaTbiris xelmZRvanelma ganxilul sakiTxTa yoveli punqtis mixedviT,
romlebic samuSao davalebas exeba, unda gansazRvros pasuxismgebeli
piri da Sesrulebis vada;
did TaTbirebze, krebebze, konferenciebze sagangebod momzadebul
rezolucias, dadgenilebas an gadawyvetilebas iReben. Cveulebrivi
TaTbiris Semdeg, roca es saWiroa, oqms adgenen, sadac aRniSnulia
TaTbiris Catarebis dro, adgili, monawileTa Semadgenloba, dRis
wesrigi, calkeul sakiTxebze miRebuli gadawyvetilebebi, ama Tu im
piris gansakuTrebuli azri, roca is ar eTanxmeba miRebul
gadawyvetilebas. Ooqmi unda iyos lakoniuri, zusti, naTeli. is unda
gaegzavnos TaTbiris monawileebs da yvela sxva dainteresebul pirs.
xelmZRvanelisaTvis didi mniSvneloba aqvs mis mier piradad
mopovebul informacias. aseTi uSualo informaciis wyaroebs
miekuTvneba momsvlelTa miReba, saubari TanamSromlebTan, samuSao
adgilebis Semovla, samsaxurebrivi mivlinebebi.
32
miznebis tipologia, romlebic SeiZleba gamoyenebul iqnes TaTbirebis
miznebis dasadgenad:
gareSe pirTa informireba;
gareSe pirTagan informaciis miReba;
erTi da imave sakiTxze an Temaze arsebuli informaciis Sedareba;
Tvalsazrisis an/da pirovnuli poziciis garkveva;
Ppoziciebis urTierTgacvla;
winaswari poziciis Secvla, romelic erT an ramdenime damswres aqvs
TemasTan dakavSirebiT;
momavali moqmedebebis gansazRvra;
Ppoziciebis SeTanxmeba;
Ggadawyvetilebebis erToblivad miReba;
operaciuli qmedebebis koordinireba.
am tipologiis ganxilviT cxadi xdeba, rom arsebobs miznebis
mravalferovneba. xSirad TaTbirs aqvs erTi an meti operaciuli xasiaTis
amocana, romlebic unda iyos obieqturad warmodgenili momwvevis mier.
amasTan, aucilebelia aRiniSnos, rom Sexvedraze ara mxolod momwvevma unda
wamoayenos erTi an meti operaciuli amocana, aramed mxedvelobaSi unda
iqnes miRebuli, rom TiToeul damswres SeiZleba hqondes sakuTari miznebi
da amocanebi ZiriTadi miznis misaRwevad.
33
moxeleTa treningis sistema sxvadasxva konceptualur midgomasa da
princips unda efuZnebodes; maTgan xazi unda gaesvas Semdegs:
moxeleTa treningis sistemis yovelma rgolma da am sistemaSi
momuSave yovelma pirma samoqmedo kredod unda gaixados sistemis
upirvelesi miznis miRweva _ maRali profesiuli donis, pirovnuli da
saqmiani Tvisebebis, Tanamedrove mentalitetisa da qcevis wesebis mqone
patiosani moxeleebis aRzrda;
moxeleTa treningis sistemis yvela rgoli erTiani sistemis organul
nawils unda warmoadgendes; sistemis erTianobas unda mivaRwioT
miznebis, strategiis, moxeleTa treningis meTodologiisa da mTeli am
procesis marTvis erTianobiT da, rasakvirvelia, Sesabamis funqciaTa
gamxorcieleblis oficializebiTa da institucionalizebiT;
moxeleTa treningis mTeli sistemis da misi calkeuli rgolis
funqcionireba unda xdebodes programuli dagegmvisa da marTvis
modeliT;
mTeli es sistema unda funqcionirebdes sajarod da unda iyos
gamWvirvale;
naTlad unda iyos gamokveTili sistemis Semadgeneli yoveli rgolis
funqciebi, miznebi da konkretuli amocanebi; ufleba-movaleobebi,
pasuxismgeblobebi;
unda moxdes saerTod moxeleTa treningis, maT Soris zogadi (saerTo)
da specialuri treningebis formebis, ZiriTadi sferoebisa da maTi
ganmaxorcielebeli ZiriTadi saswavlo dawesebulebebis
identificireba;
mizanSewonilia operatiulad Casatarebeli specialuri treningebis
organizebisas (risi saWiroebac TviT sajaro dawesebulebaTa
specifikidan gamomdinare sakmaod xSiria da permanentulad
warmoiqmneba) ZiriTadi aqcenti TviT am dawesebulebaTa
Sidainteleqtualur potencialze gakeTdes;
moxeleTa treningi ar SeiZleba akeTebdes kampaniur xasiaTs; yoveli
konkretuli moxelis SemTxvevaSi treningis aucilebloba
dasabuTebuli unda iyos, radgan muSaobis arasaTanado Sedegebi
yovelTvis dabali kvalifikaciis brali rodia;
moxeleTa treningis, rogorc mTeli sistemis, ise misi calkeuli
rgolis muSaobis efeqtianoba konkretuli kriteriumebis mixedviT
unda Sefasdes; aq didia saxelmwifo dawesebulebebis da maTi
qvedanayofebis roli, romlebmac unda Seafason, Tu konkretulad ra
misca treningma maT nebismier moxeles da konkretulad rogor
gamoixata es maTi Sromis SedegebSi;
moxeleTa treningis meTodologiuri srulyofisa da materialur-
teqnikuri uzrunvelyofisaTvis mniSvnelovania organizaciebisa da
dasavleTis qveynebis teqnikuri daxmareba; amasTan, aucilebelia
teqnikuri daxmareba am sferoSi saerTo strategiasa da midgomebs
Seesabamebodes da aucileblad moxdes am samuSaoTa koordinireba, miT
umetes, roca saqme sxvadasxva saerTaSoriso organizaciis proeqts
exeba;
34
aucilebeli da Zalze mniSvnelovania treningiTa da misi konkretuli
SedegebiT moxeleTa saTanado motivirebis mofiqrebuli sistemis
Seqmnac;
aucilebelia yoveli dawesebulebis biujetSi saTanadod aisaxos
treningebis organizebisa da Catarebis xarjebi.
35
Aadamianuri resursebis ganviTarebis aucilebloba organizaciis
mokle- da grZelvadiani miznebisa da konkretuli amocanebis
gadawyveta personalis profesiuli kvalifikaciis donis arsebiT
srulyofa-ganviTarebas moiTxovs;
organizaciis efeqtiani saqmianobis xelSemSleli problemebis
aRmofxvris aucilebloba, raSic adamianis faqtori mniSvnelovan
rols TamaSobs;
Sromis organizebis, personalis marTvis axali, Tanamedrove
procedurebis danergvis aucilebloba da sxv.
36
gansazRvris meTodika da konkretulad ganisazRvros, Tu vis, ratom, ra
formiT, ra sakiTxebSi da a. S. sWirdeba treningi;
gansakuTrebuli yuradReba unda mieqces treningebis sferoebsa da
Tematikas, risi safuZvelic dawesebulebis struqturuli qvedanayofebis
mier moxeleTa treningis saWiroebis Sesaxeb personalis marTvis
samsaxurisTvis, an saswavlo centrisTvis mowodebuli konkretuli
informacia unda iyos. arsebuli realuri viTarebidan gamomdinare,
treningebi or ZiriTad sferos unda Seexos: saerTo (zogad) da specialur
sakiTxebs; Sesabamisad unda moxdes treningebis Tematikis SeTanxmeba da
specifikacia. magaliTad, saerTo, zogadi treningi SeiZleba Seexos iseT
sferoebs, rogoricaa: saerTo menejmenti, personalis menejmenti,
saxelmwifos marTvisa da sajaro samsaxuris sakanonmdeblo-normatiuli
baza, adamianebTan urTierTobis xelovneba, administrirebis procedurebis
racionalizeba, ucxo enebisa da kompiuterTan muSaobis Seswavla da sxv.
saWiroa realuri amocanebidan, viTarebidan da SesaZleblobebidan
gamomdinare ganisazRvros moxeleTa treningis prioritetuli formebi,
magaliTad, gansazRvrul periodSi romel formebze gakeTdeba aqcenti:
centralizebulze, decentralizebulze, Sereulze, rangirebul treningze
moxeleTa rangirebis gaTvaliswinebiT da a. S.
saTanado yuradReba unda mieqces samuSaodan mowyvetiT da uSualod
samuSao adgilze swavlebis konkretul meTodebs, rogoricaa: leqciebi,
seminarebi, specialuri kursebi, saqmiani TamaSebi, gunduri muSaoba,
distanciuri swavleba, TviTganviTareba (individualuri swavleba) da sxva.
treningebis organizebulad da efeqtianad Casatareblad aucilebelia
yoveli konkretuli treningisTvis Sedges saswavlo programa da SeTanxmdes
organizaciis xelmZRvanelobasTan; aq gaTvaliswinebuli unda iyos rogorc
treningis uSualod Camtareblis (treneris), ise konkretuli sferos
uSualo xelmZRvanelis, sakonkurso-saatestacio komisiisa da
treninggasavlel moxeleTa azri;
aucilebelia realuri viTarebidan da treningis Taviseburebebidan
gamomdinare SemuSavdes treningis Sedegebis efeqtianobis Sefasebis
meTodika; aq saWiroa gaTvaliswinebul iqnes iseTi midgomebi, rogoricaa:
treningis efeqtianobis uSualo menejeris mier Sefaseba, Sromis
konkretuli Sedegebis Sedareba treningis gavlamde da mis Semdeg,
pasuxismgeblobis done, Tanamdebobrivi dawinaureba, sakonkurso-
saatestacio komisiis Sefaseba, profesiul-kvalifikaciuri winsvlis
vizualuri Sefaseba (muSaobs kompiuterTan, flobs enas da a. S.),
saatestacio komisiis Sefaseba da sxv.;
rasakvirvelia, treningis yoveli ciklisaTvis unda ganisazRvros misi
xangrZlivoba ramdeni saaTi, kvira an Tve dasWirdeba treningis
srulyofil realizebas; amasTan, unda gadawydes da mogvardes mTeli rigi
organizaciuli sakiTxebi, romlebic dawvrilebiT qvemoTaa ganxiluli.
treningebis sistemis organizaciuli uzrunvelyofa
meTodologiuri sakiTxebis gadawyvetis Semdeg aucilebelia TandaTan
identificirebul da gadawyvetil iqnes treningebis Catarebis
organizaciuli sakiTxebi, romlebic treningebis sistemis efeqtiani
funqcionirebis erT-erTi mniSvnelovani winapirobaa. Aam sakiTxebidan
aRsaniSnavia Semdegi:
37
treningebis organizaciuli uzrunvelyofis makoordinirebel
funqciebs dawesebulebis marTvis samsaxuri da saswavlo centri unda
axorcielebdnen;
saswavlo centrma unda moamzados, organizaciis xelmZRvanelobasTan
SeaTanxmos da departamentebisa da sxva damoukidebeli struqturuli
qvedanayofebis xelmZRvanelebs daurigos treningebis dagegmvis,
organizebisa da marTvis kiTxvari. maT personalis marTvis samsaxurs
saTanado formiT unda warudginon Sesabamisi informacia TavianT
personificirebul moxeleTa trenigis konkretul saWiroebaTa Sesaxeb; am
informaciis safuZvelze unda Sedges, resursebiT da organizaciulad
uzrunvelyofil iqnes da SeTanxmdes organizaciaSi moxeleTa treningebis
programa da operaciuli gegma
treningebis sistemis organizaciuli uzrunvelyofis etapze saTanado
yuradReba unda mieqces treningebis damkveTTa identificirebasac, anu
visgan modis iniciativa, vin da ramdenad safuZvlianad gansazRvravs, Tu vis
raSi da ra formiT sWirdeba treningi; aseTi damkveTebi SeiZleba iyvnen:
organizaciis xelmZRvaneloba, moxelis uSualo xelmZRvaneli, am
ukanasknelis ufrosi (magaliTad, departamentis ufrosi), saerTaSoriso
organizaciebis proeqtebis ganmaxorcieleblebi da individualuri moxele;
calke aqcenti unda gakeTdes TviTganviTareba-TviTganaTlebaze, roca
moxele pirovnulad, xelmZRvanelobasTan formaluri SeTanxmebis gareSe,
sakuTari surviliTa da resursebiT imaRlebs kvalifikacias.
TviTganviTarebis forma, gansakuTrebiT axalgazrda moxeleebSi
(upirvelesad kompiuteris, enebis, aseve, specialuri disciplinebis
Seswavla), Cveni azriT, sakmaod farTod gavrcelda, maT Soris
sazRvargareT treningisa da swavlebis formiTac; am procesebs ara mxolod
unda mivesalmoT, aramed nebismierma dawesebulebam saTanadod unda
aRricxos, sistematizeba da analizi moaxdinos da garkveuli formebiT
xelic Seuwyos am process, Tundac konkursebisa da atestirebis dros,
anazRaurebuli an uxelfaso Svebulebebis micemiT da a. S.
calke gansjis, mxardaWerisa da gadawyvetilebebis miRebis sagnad
unda iqces saerTaSoriso organizaciebisa da sazRvargareTis qveynebis
mxardaWeriT dasavleTis qveynebSi moxeleTa treningis SesaZleblobaTa
analizi, treningebis efeqtiani programebis SemuSaveba, am procesebis
koordinireba da saTanado rekomendaciebis momzadeba;
realuri viTarebidan gamomdinare, mizanSewonilad migvaCnia
dawesebulebis xelmZRvanelobam aqcenti gaakeTos, upirvelesad, treningebis
ZiriTad instituciur rgolebze, moaxdinos maTi identificireba, meTodur-
praqtikul-organizaciul sakiTxebze da TanamSromlobis Sesaxeb SeTanxmeba;
aseT rgolebad unda miviCnioT:
1. upirvelesad da umTavresad uSualod dawesebuleba, misi saswavlo
centri (Tu aqvs) da dawesebulebis Sidapotenciali - rogorc wesi,
specialuri da operatiuli treningebis sferoSi. Cveni azriT, es sakiTxi
sagangebo Seswavlasa da operatiul moqmedebas moiTxovs;
2. saqarTvelos wamyvani umaRlesi saswavleblebi da saswavlo centrebi
maTi unar-SesaZleblobebis, swavlebis Tanamedrove meTodebisa da
gamocdilebis zedmiwevniT gacnobis Semdeg-ZiriTadad, saerTo, zogadi
treningebis sferoSi. A
38
adamianuri resursebis marTvis strategia da politika A
39
organizaciis misiisa da strategiis adgili adamianuri resursebis
marTvaSi
40
3. marTviTi moqmedebebis wesebi
adamianuri resursebis marTvis strategia uSualod gamomdinareobs
organizaciis misiidan, misi miznebidan da strategiidan, radgan swored
adamianuri kapitalia organizaciis miznebisa da amocanebis miRwevis
upirvelesi berketi. TviT personalis strategiuli marTva, rogorc wesi,
marTvis am sistemis yvela komponentsa da mimarTulebas, yvela mniSvnelovan
proceduras SeiZleba moicavdes. ase magaliTad, organizaciis strategiuli
miznebisa da amocanebis misaRwevad adamianuri resursebis strategiulma
marTvam SeiZleba moicvas Semdegi konkretuli mimarTulebebi:
Ppersonalis ekonomika
41
modelebi, roca xdeba adamianur kapitalSi danaxarjebis aRricxva da
sargeblianobis modeli, roca xdeba aseTi danaxarjebis efeqtianobis
Sefaseba. da sakvirvelia, es orive modeli erTmaneTs unda avsebdes.
A adamianur kapitalze organizaciis mier gaweuli xarjebidan
upirvelesad unda gamoiyos :
personalis mozidvis, SerCevisa da konkursebis Catarebis
xarjebi (am procedurebis nawils sakmaod xSirad da bevr
organizaciaSi mowveuli eqspertebi atareben);
axalmiRebulTa adaptirebaze da rogorc axalmiRebulTa, ise
ZiriTadi personalis treningebze gaweuli xarjebi;
xelfasi da maTze (xelfasis fondze) sxvadasxva saxis
danaricxebi;
premiebi, sxvadasxva saxis waxalisebebi;
socialuri daxmarebebi
momuSaveTa atestirebaze gaweuli xarjebi;
Sromis keTilsasurveli garemo pirobebisa da fsiqologiuri
klimatis Seqmnis xarjebi;
Sromis keTilsasurveli garemo pirobebisa da fsiqologiuri
klimatis Seqmnis xarjebi;
samuSao adgilis dagegmarebis, Seqmnisa da aRWurvis xarjebi;
samuSao Zalis moZraobisa da denadobiT gamowveuli xarjebi
(danakargebi) da sxva.
A adamianuri resursebis ganviTarebaSi dabandebuli kapitali erTerTi
Zvirad Rirebuli investiciaa, magram, rogorc msoflios mowinave qveynebis
gamocdileba adasturebs, es, amavdroulad, yvelaze efeqtiani, momgebiani
investiciebia. rasakvirvelia, adamianuri resursebis ganviTrebaSi
dabandebuli kapitalis efeqtianoba SedarebiT advilad da konkretulad
SeiZleba Sefasdes saqmianobis iseT sferoebSi (upirvelesad warmoebaSi,
aseve momsaxurebis sferoSi), sadac Sromis efeqtianoba misi uSualo
SedegebiT da konkretuli raodenobrivi da xarisxobrivi parametrebiT
ganisazRvreba; magaliTad treningamde momuSave dReSi uSvebda 200 nawarms,
romelTagan uxarisxo iyo 6 cali, xolo treningebis Semdeg uSvebs 250-s,
romelTagan uxarisxo 5-ia; e. i. Sromis nayofiereba 25 prcentiT gazrdila,
xolo wundebuli nawarmis wili 3 procentidan 2 procentamde Semcirda;
Sromis efeqtianoba sxvanairadac SeiZleba Sefasdes magaliTad, erTi
nawarmis damzadebaze treningamde momuSave 20 wuTs xarjavda, treningis
Semdeg -15 wuTs.
rasakvirvelia, bevrad rTuli da umravles SemTxvevaSi aseTi
konkretuli cifrobrivi maCveneblebiT ver Sefasdeba moxeleTa SromiTi
saqmianoba da maTze gaweuli kapitalur dabandebaTa efeqtianoba. mTlianad,
organizaciis masStabiT, am SemTxvevaSi, upirvelesad, misma xelmZRavnelebma,
aseve personalis menejerebma da Sesabamisma samsaxurma yuradReba unda
miaqcion da saTanadod Seafason Semdegi parametrebi da tendenciebi:
organizaciis mier arCeuli strategiisa da politikis
marTebuloba da maTi realizebis, dasaxuli miznebisa da
amocanebis miRwevis efeqtianobis gazrda;
gadawyvetilebaTa miRebisa da Sesrulebis procesis gaumjobeseba;
marTvisa da administrirebis procedurebis gamartiveba;
42
Sidauwyebriv da uwyebaTaSoris urTierTobaTa racionalizeba;
Ddokumentbrunvis racionalizeba, droisa da saxsrebis
mniSvnelovani ekonomia;
uflebamosilebaTa da pasuxismgeblobebis gamijvna, delegireba,
menejerebi (moxeleebi) aRar asruleben daqvemdebarebulTa
funqciebs;
muSaobis moculobis gafarToeba da xarisxis gaumjobeseba;
momuSaveTa denadobis maCvenebelTa dinamika da maTi struqturuli
analizi;
momuSaveTa denadobis maCvenebelTa dinamika da maTi sruqturuli
analizi;
momuSaveTa motivirebisa da stimulirebis analizi da tendenciebi;
drois menejmentis srulyofa , ufro efeqtiani da nayofieri
saqmianobis profesiaTa da funqciaTa Sefasebis Sedegad
dasaqmebulTa ricxvis Semcireba;
Sromis eTikuri normebis dacva da organizaciuli kulturis
ganviTareba;
konfliqturi situaciebis analizi d misi dinamika;
axali ideebis da inovaciebis ganviTreba (mateba, Semcireba)
organizaciis miznebis ukeT misaRwevad;
uSualod individebze, konkretul moxeleebze organizaciis danaxarjebis
efeqtianobis Sefaseba, upirvelesad da umTavresad maTma uSualo
menejerebma unda moaxdinon, magaliTad: atestirebis Tu treningebis ciklis
gavlis Semdeg rogoria moxelis profesiul-kvalifikaciuri donis
Sesabamisoba Tanamdebobriv moTxovnebTan, ra daskvnebis gakeTebis
saSualebas gvaZlevs moxelis mier Sesrulebuli samuSaos Sefaseba, rogor
gamosworda atestirebisas dafiqsirebuli moxelis susti adgilebi,
ramdenad amaRlda misi pasuxismgebloba, analitikuri azrovneba,
iniciativianoba, SemoqmedebiTi midgoma da sxva.
roca adamianur kapitalsa da adamianuri resursebis ganviTrebazea saubari,
mTeli principulobiT unda iTqvas am sferoSi kapitaldabandebaTa Tu
investiciebis SezRudva, adamianis faqtoris ignorireba, moxeleTa
arasaTanado motivireba, maTi saarsebo minimumze dabali xelfasi da
socialuri daucveloba bumerangiviT ubrundeba da angrevs saxelmwifos,
mis demokratiul ganviTrebas, sazogadebriv rwmenasa da faseulobebs,
axdens xelisuflebis diskretirebas, korufciis, kalnurobis, kanonis
uzenaesobis ugulebelyofis mniSvnelovani mizezi da stimulatori xdeba.
43
kiTxvebi
44
30. dgamT Tu ara gadamwyvet nabijebs, roca ar xarT darwmunebuli
koleqtivis mxardaWeraSi?
31. migakuTvneben Tu ara garSemo myofni perpeqtiulTa kategorias?
32. axal situaciebSi upiratesobas qcevis tradiciuli wesebis
dacvas xom ar aniWebT?
33. xSirad agvianebT?
34. iRebT Tu ara axloblebisgan rCevebs mniSvnelovani piradi
sakiTxebis gadawyvetisas?
35. SegiZliaT Tu ara situaciis sakmaod zusti prognozireba 1-2
wliT adre?
36. xom ar gqoniaT SemTxvevebi, rom arCevani gagekeTebinaT?
37. SeiZleba Tqven Tavisuflad gendon adamianebi?
38. misdevT Tu ara Tqven TviTanalizs?
39. axdenT Tu ara Tqveni saqmianobis perspeqtiul dagegmvas?
40. xarT Tu ara TavdazRveuli?
41. xarT Tu ara ukompromiso?
42. SegiZliaT Tu ara imegobroT imasTan, vinc Tqvens xasiaTs ar
Seesabameba?
43. yovelTvis asrulebT Tu ara Tqvens danapirebs?
44. SegiZliaT Tu ara isaubroT iseT rameebze, risic araferi
gagegebaT?
45. yvelaferSi da yovelTvis eTanxmebiT Tu ara xelmRvanelobas?
Sefaseba
45
kerZod: sifrTxile, pasuxismgebloba, racionaluroba, konservatiuloba da
taqtikuri gadawyvetilebebisaken midrekileba cud Tvisebebs ar
warmoadgenen. zemoT aRniSnul TvisebaTa Sefasebisas maTi 35-36 procentiani
gamovlena normalurad SeiZleba CaiTvalos.
46
24. gaqvT Tu ara Tundac sul cota erTi wliT adre dagegmili Tqveni
TviTganviTarebis gegma?
25. arsebobs Tu ara dRevandel moTxovnaTa Sesabamisi personalis
treningebis gegma?
26. regularulad kiTxulobT Tu ara specialur literaturas?
27. gaqvT Tu ara sakmaod seriozuli biblioTeka Tqveni specialobis
sferoSi?
28. zrunavT Tu ara Tqvens janmrTelobasa da Sromis unarianobaze?
29. giyvarT Tu ara rTuli, magram saintereso samuSaoebis Sesruleba?
30. efeqtiania Tu ara Tqveni saubrebi Tqvens daqvemdebarebulebTan maTi
muSaobis srulyofis sakiTxebze?
31. iciT Tu ara momuSavis ra Tvisebebs unda mieqces gansakuTrebuli
yuradReba mis samuSaoze miRebisas?
32. giWiravT Tu ara distancia daqvemdebarebulebTan?
33. mzad xarT Tu ara yovelTvis ganixloT Tqvens daqvemdebarebulTa
problemebi, SekiTxvebi da saCivrebi?
34. pativiscemiTa da yuradRebiT epyrobiT Tu ara Tqvens
daqvemdebarebulebs?
35. darwmunebuli xarT Tqvens TavSi?
36. kargad iciT Tveni Zlieri da susti mxareebi?
37. mmarTvelobiTi gadawyvetilebaTa miRebisas xSirad iyenebT Tu ara
originalur SemoqmedebiT midgomebs?
38. regularulad imaRlebT Tu ara Tqvens kvalifikacias seminarebze,
specialur kursebze da a. S.?
39. xarT Tu ara sakmarisad moqnili Tqvens qcevaSi, adamianebTan
urTierTobaSi?
40. mzad xarT Tu ara SecvaloT xelmZRvanelobis Tqveni stili, raTa is
ufro efeqtiani gaxdes?
Sefaseba
47
drois marTvis principebi
mniSvnelovania
48
aramniSvnelovania
A
moqmedebebi moqmedebebi
49
kvadratSi arian da saswrafosTan erTad mniSvnelovan saqmeebsac akeTeben;
realoba ki isaa, rom am saqmeebis swrafad gadawyveta sxvaTa
prioritetebiTa da karnaxiTaa ganpirobebuli; amis Sedegebia: yuradRebis
moklevadiani fokusireba, krizisuli situaciebi, miznebisa da
amocanebisTvis naklebi mniSvnelobis miniWeba, sakuTari Tavis
ukontroloba, zedapiruli da aramyari urTierTobebi.
isini, romlebic ZiriTad dros mesame da meoTxe kvadratebis moqmedebebze
xarjaven, upasuxismgeblod cxovroben, aramniSvnelovan da arasaswrafo
saqmeebiT arian dakavebulni; amis Sedegebia: sruli upasuxismgebloba,
sxvebze damokidebuleba, davalebis Seusrulebloba da a. S.
efeqtianad, sworad momuSaveni cdiloben mesame da meoTxe kvadratebs gareT
darCnen, radgan saswrafoa Tu ara, es saqmeebi araa mniSvnelovani; isini,
agreTve, amcireben pirvel kvadratSi yofnis dros, raTa meti dro daxarjon
meore kvadratSi.
swored meore kvadratia sakuTari Tavis efeqtiani marTvis guli; es exeba
saqmeebs, romlebic araa saswrafo, magram mniSvnelovania; aseTebia:
urTierTobebis damyareba, davalebebis gansazRvra, perspeqtiuli dagegmva,
Semowmeba, momzadeba; es is saqmeebia, romlebic viciT, rom aucileblad
unda gavakeToT, magram iSviaTad vakeTebT, radgan ar arian saswrafoni.
Eefeqtianad moqmedi momuSaveni problemebze ar arian orientirebulebi,
isini orientirebulni arian SesaZleblobebze, maTgan gamodian da Tavidan
icileben problemebs; isini profilaqtikurad, problemebis Tavidan
acilebis midgomiT fiqroben da moqmedeben; ase rom, unda vimuSaoT meore
kvadratSi, radgan pirveli da mesame kvadratebi Cvenze muSaoben,
gvwnexaven; unda daveTanxmoT meore kvadratis prioritetebs da viswavloT
vTqvaT ara sxva saqmianobebeze, zogjer da nawilobriv saswrafo
saqmeebzec ki da maSinac, roca sxvebi da garemoebebi Cveni drois xelyofas
cdiloben. E
xelmRvanelTa muSaobis efeqtianobis erTerTi mTavari maCvenebelia dasaxul
amocanaTa gadawyvetisas droSi winswreba. Aaranormaluria, roca guSindel
saqmes dRes vakeTebT, normaluria, roca dRes dRevandeli saqme keTdeba,
gansakuTrebiT kargia, roca dRes saxvalio saqmes vakeTebT da win
viyurebiT. samwuxarod, Zalze bevr organizaciaSi marTvis maRal safexurze
mdgari xelmZRvaneli bevr dros xarjavs operatiuli problemebis
gadawyvetaze. is, rac karga xniT adre unda gagvekeTebina, imis gamo, rom ar
gavakeTeT, operatiuli gadasawyveti gaxda; dRes ki, roca did dros
vandomebT am operatiul amocanaTa gadawyvetas da ar vfiqrobT
perspeqtiul problemebze, dro rom mova, isinic operatiulad gadasawyveti
xdeba. Aase ikvreba Sromis cudi organizaciis gamo naklovanebaTa wre,
TandaTan Cvevad iqceva muSaobis mankieri stili.
xelmRvanelma, rasakvirvelia, unda icodes daqvemdebarebul safexurebze
yvela uwesrigobaTa Sesaxeb, magram misi Careva aucilebelia mxolod maSin,
roca darRvevebi da naklovanebebi sistemad iqceva da qvemdgom rgolebs ar
ZaluZT maTi aRmofxvra. aseT SemTxvevaSic ki zemdgomma rgolma ar unda
Sewyvitos perspeqtiul mimarTulebebze muSaoba.
50
samuSao drois racionaluri gamoyenebisa da, saerTod, muSaobis
efeqtianobis amaRlebis mniSvnelovani pirobaa organizaciasa da mis
struqturul qvedanayofebSi Sromis normaluri pirobebisa da Sromisa da
dasvenebis racionaluri ganwesis damkvidreba.
Sroma normalur, keTilsasurvel pirobebSi unda mimdinareobdes, xolo
samuSao adgilebis organizeba (dagegmareba, aRWurva) maqsimalurad unda
iTvalisiwnebdes mecnierebisa da praqtikis Tanamedrove miRwevebs. Sromis
normaluri pirobebi da samuSao adgilebis racionaluri organizeba
arsebiTad uwyobs xels daRlilobis Semcirebas, drois dazogvas,
koncentrirebul da intensiur muSaobas, Sromisunarianobis amaRlebas,
sabolood, Sromis efeqtianobis zrdas.
samuSao adgilebis organizebisa da Sromis pirobebis srulyofis ZiriTadi
amocanebia muSaobis procesSi aucilebeli komfortis Seqmna, samuSao
avejisa da samuSao adgilebis racionaluri gabaritebis, konstruqciisa da
formis yvela saWiro sagniT uzrunvelyofa, xelebiT misaRwevi optimaluri
zonis dacva, samuSao adgilebis dagegmarebisa da maTi parametrebis
gansazRvrisas momuSaveTa anTropometruli da fsiqofiziologiuri
Taviseburebis gaTvaliswineba, samuSao zonaSi ganlagebuli sagnebis kargi
xedva, advili miRwevadoba, Sromis pirobebis ganmsazRvrel faqtorTa
optimalur doneze SenarCuneba da sxva.
Sromis efeqtianobasa da drois racionalur gamoyenebaze mniSvnelovan
gavlenas axdens Sromis optimaluri garemo pirobebis (sanitarul-
higienuri da socialur-fsiqologiuri pirobebis) uzrunvelyofa.
Uupiratesad gonebrivi SromiTi dakavebuli momuSaveebi mTeli informaciis
80-90 procents mxedvelobis saSualebiT iReben; amitom gansakuTrebuli
mniSvneloba aqvs maTi samuSao adgilis racionalur ganaTebas. ganaTebis
done, upirvelesad, TviT Sesasrulebeli samuSaos xasiaTzea damokidebuli ;
rac zustia mxedvelobis TvalsazrisiT samuSao, ganaTebis miT maRali
donea saWiro. sazogadod miRebulia, rom samuSao zedapiris ganaTebis done
(saerTo ganaTeba) luminescenciuri naTurebis gamoyenebisas 300 luqsze
naklebi ar unda iyos, xolo varvarebis naTurebis gamoyenebisas 150
luqsze naklebi. zusti samuSaoebis Sesrulebisas saerTo ganaTebasTan
erTad, roca sinaTlis wyaro mTel oTaxs anaTebs, adgilobrivi (samuSao
adgilis) ganaTebac unda gamoviyenoT.
momuSaveTa Sromisunarianobis maRal doneze SesanarCuneblad didi
mniSvneloba aqvs haeris normaluri temperaturisa da SefardebiTi
tenianobis uzrunvelyofas; maTi reglamentireba specialuri sanitaruli
normebiT xdeba. gonebrivi Sromisas, roca met-naklebad seriozul fizikur
daZabulobas adgili ara aqvs, haeris normalur temperaturad 18-20
gradusi iTvleba, xolo tenianobad ara umetes 60 procentisa. zafxulis
TveebSi, roca SenobaSic ki temperatura 30 graduss aWarbebs, didi
mniSvneloba aqvs saventiliacio da haeris kondicirebis danadgarebis
gamoyenebas.
samuSao drois racionaluri gamoyeneba da Sromis efeqtianoba metad
mniSvnelovnadaa damokidebuli adamianis Sromisisunarianobaze. Aadamianis
muSaobisunarianoba, marTalia, individualuri TaviseburebebiT xasiaTdeba,
magram arsebobs yvelasaTvis saerTo kanonzomierebebi, romlebic nebismier
adamians axasiaTebs da mravali saxis fsiqologiuri, Sromis Sedegobrivi
Tu sxva maCveneblebiT dasturdeba
51
unda gamoiyos samuSao dRis ganmavlobaSi adamianis Sromisunarianobis
damaxasiaTebeli sami periodi, kerZod:
1. muSaobis tempSi Sesvlis periodi, romelic samuSaos dawyebis pirveli
etapia da daaxloebiT 30-60 wuTs grZeldeba; am dros adamiani da misi
fsiqofiziologiuri, SromiTi potencia TandaTanobiT Sedis muSaobis
tempSi, radgan xangrZlivi Sesvenebis gamo samuSaos SesrulebasTan
dakavSirebuli pirobiT-refleqsuri kavSirebis warmoSobas gansazRvruli
dro sWirdeba. muSaobis tempSi Sesvlis periodSi TandaTan umjobesdeba
adamianis rogorc fiziologiuri (fizikuri), ise fsiqikuri (mag. yuradRebis
koncentrireba, azrovnebis siswrafe, gareSe gamaRizianeblebze reagireba)
da SromiTi maCveneblebi
2. amis Semdeg iwyeba maRali da myari Sromisunarianobis periodi, roca
adamianis fsiqofiziologiuri da SromiTi maCveneblebi TavianT saukeTeso
dones aRweven; es periodi daaxloebiT 1.5-2 saaTs grZeldeba;
3. dabali Sromisunarianobis periodi, romelic muSaobis dawyebidan
daaxloebiT sami saaTis Semdeg iwyebs gamovlenas, gansakuTrebiT TvalSi
sacemi ki samuSao dRis bolos saaTebSi xdeba da daRlilobis procesis
dawyebiTaa ganpirobebuli; am dros TandaTan uaresdeba adamianis
organizmis qmedunarianobisa Tu mis saqmianobis damaxasiaTebeli
maCveneblebi.
52
9. sakmarisad gaqvT Tu ara efeqtiani muSoabis teqnikuri TaTbirebis
raodenoba?
10. ixmarT Tu ara Tqvens mdivans saqmiani Sexvedrebis dasaniSnad?
11. TviT Tqveni mdivani niSnavs Tu ara Tqvens saqmian Sexvedrebs?
12. icis Tu ara mdivanma vin SeiZleba pirdapir da uSualod
dagakavSiroT Tqven?
13. winaswar amzadebT Tu ara davalebebs mdivnisTvis, raTa man droulad
Seasrulos isini?
14. sargeblobT Tu ara diqtofoniT?
15. sakmaod naTel amocanebs usaxavT Tu ara daqvemdebarebulebs?
16. SeuZliaT Tu ara daqvemdebarebulebs konsultirebis aucileblobisas
umtkivneulod, advilad dagikavSirdnen Tqven?
17. punqtualuri xarT Tu ara samsaxurebriv saqmeebSi?
18. iwyebT Tu ara Tvens samuSao dRes gadaudebeli saqmeebis keTebiT?
19. axerxebT Tu ara SeisvenoT xolme muSaobis procesSi, erTgvarad
modundeT, ganitvirToT?
20. yovelTvis axerxebT Tu ara operatiulad miiRoT gadawyvetileba?
21. ebrZviT Tu ara daqvemdebarebulTa usaqmurobis faqtebs?
22. obieqturad afasebT Tu ara daqvemdebarebulTa muSaobis efeqtianobas?
23. iciT Tu ara ra kriteriumebiT afaseben daqvemdebarebulebi Tqveni
saqmianobis efeqtinobas?
24. afasebT Tu ara ramdenad iyenebT Tqvens samuSao dros?
25. axdenT Tu ara Tqveni samuSao drois perspeqtiul dagegmvas?
Sefaseba:
53
ufro metic, TanamSromelTa disciplinireba metad rTuli da usiamovno
amocanaa menejerTa da zedamxedvelTa umetesobisTvis; bevri maTgani
acxadebs, rom TanamSromlis winaaRmdeg dasjis qmedebis ganxorcieleba
yvelaze stresuli valdebulebaa, rasac isini asruleben. TanamSromelTa
uflebebisa da disciplinis balansireba ar aris advili, magram es aris
kargi menejmentis sayovelTao moTxovna da mniSvnelovani aspeqti.
radganac TanamSromelTa uflebebis sakiTxebis zrdam gamoiwvia
TanamSromelTa mier Setanil sarCelTa ricxvis zrda, Cven am TavSi aseve
ganvixilavT alternatiuli davebis mogvarebas, rogorc saSualebas
organizaciuli samarTlis dasaxmareblad. radganac disciplinaruli
qmedebebi gamowveulia problemebiT da SesaZloa gauqmdes samTavrobo
uwyebebis an sasamarTloebis mier, xelmZRvanelobam unda SeimuSaos
dadebiTi RonisZieba aseTi qmedebis saWiroebis Tavidan asacileblad. roca
SeuZlebelia disciplinaruli RonisZiebis Tavidan acileba, es qmedeba unda
ganxorcieldes kargad SemuSavebuli adamianuri resursebis politikisa da
praqtikis Sesabamisad. radganac eTika organizaciuli samarTlis
mniSvnelovan elements warmoadgens, es Tavi Seicavs TanamSromelTa
urTierTobebSi organizaciuli eTikis ganxilvasac.
organizaciuli disciplinis ganxilvis dros individualuri da
organizaciuli miznebis misaRwevad rCevis micemas specialuri yuradReba
eqceva. Cven aseve ganvixilavT rCeva-darigebis micemis miznebsa da xerxebs am
Tavis danarTSi.
54
molodini. amasTanave, gansxvaveba damsaqmeblis gasaidumloebis kanonier
uflebasa da gasaidumloebis moralur an pirad uflebas Soris yovelTvis
ar aris garkveuli. gaurkvevlobas iwvevs konfidencialurobis dacvis
sayovelTao da mudmivi organoebis, kanonebis an sasamarTlos
gadawyvetilebebis simcire. ar arsebobs zogadi federaluri an saxelmwifo
kanonebi, romlebic icaven yvela TanamSromlis konfidencialurobas
samsaxurSi.
uyuradRebo daqiraveba
kanonSi gulgriloba gansazRvrulia, rogorc didi uyuradRebobis
gamoCena, roca es zians ayenebs sxva adamians. Ggulgrili daqiraveba aris
samarTlebrivi dogma, romelic damsaqmebels akisrebs pasuxismgeblobas misi
TanamSromlebis moqmedebebze maTi muSaobis periodSi. damsaqmeblebisTvis
arsebobs zogadi valdebuleba gamoiCinon goniereba da yuradReba, raTa
TanamSromlebma ganzrax ar miayenon ziani sxva TanamSromlebs muSaobis
periodSi.
samwuxarod, roca erTi TanamSromeli Caidens sastik moqmedebas sxva
TanamSromlis mimarT an TanamSromeli ganzrax Seuracxyofs sxva
TanamSromels elfostis saSualebiT samsaxurSi, damsaqmebels SeiZleba
wauyenon sarCeli TanamSromlis uyuradRebod daqiravebis gamo. radganac
mravali adamiani Tvlis uyuradRebo daqiravebis sasamarTlo procesebs,
rogorc daWera 22-s damsaqmeblebisTvis (rogor SeuZliaT damsaqmeblebs
winaswar gansazRvron TanamSromelTa momavali moqmedeba), es aiZulebs
damsaqmeblebs damatebiTi yuradReba gamoiCinon samuSao Zalis
dakompleqtebasa da menejmentSi. Aam Tavis momdevno nawilSi ganvixilavT
uflebebs, romlebsac TanamSromlebi moelian damsaqmeblebisgan.
55
bunebrivia, rom TanamSromlebi TavianT samuSaos miiCneven kuTvnil
uflebad uflebad, romelic umizezod ar unda gauqmdes. samsaxuris
Sovnis SesaZleblobis gareSe Cveni piradi keTildReoba metad SezRuduli
iqneba. aseTma msjelobam migviyvana im azramde, rom aucilebelia arsebobdes
oTxi kanonieri moTxovna samuSaos usafrTxoebis Sesaxeb: Tavisufali
dasaqmebis principi, kontraqtis cneba, konstruqciuli ganTavisufleba da
sawarmos daxurvis Setyobineba.
kargad unda gavacnobieroT, rom Tumca TanamSromlebs SeiZleba
hqondeT mizezi, rom samuSao miiCnion dadgenil uflebad, ar arsebobs
samarTlebrivi dacva, romelic uzrunvelyofs TanamSromels mudmivi an
xangrZlivi samsaxuriT. Aamerikis SeerTebuli Statebis konstitucia ar
iZleva garantias, rom samsaxuri Sedodes TanamSromelTa specialur
sakuTrebaTa uflebebSi. Aamas garda, samsaxuris cneba, rogorc sakuTrebis
ufleba, avaldebulebs xelmZRvanelobas imoqmedos samarTlianad da
Tanasworad yvela TanamSromelTan. TanamSromlebs namdvilad aqvT ufleba
hqondeT jansaRi dasaqmebis molidini da survili moeqcnen maT, rogorc
Rirseul pirovnebebs.
Tavisufali dasaqmeba
D dasaqmebis urTierTobebi tradiciulad mohyva Tavisufali dasaqmebis
saerTo kanonis moZRvrebas. Tavisufali dasaqmebis principi iTvaliswinebs,
rom TanamSromels aqvs ufleba gawyvitosDSromiTi kavSiri ukeTesi
samsaxuris perspeqtivis SemTxvevaSi an sxva piradi mizezebiT.Aaseve
damsaqmebelsac SeuZlia nebismier dros SewyvitosDSromiTi kavSiri
Setyobinebis gareSe raime mizezis gamo, an umizezod, an Tundac
arasaTanado mizeziT. Aamgvarad, amboben, rom TanamSromlebis muSaoba
damokidebulia damsaqmeblis survilze.
Tavisufali dasaqmebis kavSiri iqmneba, roca TanamSromeli Tanxmdeba
imuSaos damsaqmeblisTvis ganusazRvreli vadiT. radganac dasaqmeba
ganusazRvreli xangrZlivobisaa, praqtikulad is SeiZleba Sewydes
nebismieri mxaris surviliT. Ees Tavisufleba gulisxmobs xelmZRvanelobis
uflebas calmxrivad gansazRvros samuSao pirobebi da miiRos piradi
gadawyvetilebebi. 1908 wels aSS-Si uzenaesi sasamarTlo xelmZRvanelobda
Tavisufali dasaqmebis moZRvrebiT, da es principi isev rCeba ZiriTad wesad,
romelic marTavs kerZo seqtoris dasaqmebis urTierTobebs.
saxelmwifo seqtoris TanamSromlebs aqvT dasaqmebis uflebebis
damatebiTi konstituciuri dacva konstituciaSi Setanili mexuTe da
meToTxmete cvlilebebis Tanaxmad. mexuTe cvlileba exeba federalur
saxelmwifo mosamsaxureebs, xolo meToTxmete cvlileba TanamSromlebs,
romlebic muSaoben saxelmwifosTvis, qveynisTvis an adgilobrivi
mmarTvelobebisTvis. Oorive cvlileba moqmedebs, rom SezRudos meTodebi
da mizezebi, romlebic SeiZleba gamoyenebul iqnes TanamSromlis dasjis an
ganTavisuflebisTvis saxelmwifo seqtorSi. mexuTe cvlilebis pirobebi
(iseve rogorc meToTxmete cvlileba), romlebic krZalavs cxovrebis,
Tavisuflebisa da sakuTrebis xelyofas Sesabamisi samarTlebrivi procesis
gareSe, uzrunvelyofs mTavar konstituciur dacvas saxelmwifo seqtorSi
momuSave moxeleebisTvis. maSin, roca es garantiebi exeba saxelmwifo
seqtorSi momuSave TanamSromlebs, am cvlilebebis SromiTi uflebebi
gavlenas axdens kerZo seqtoris sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebebze.
56
Asamsaxuridan usamarTlod ganTavisufleba
dabezReba
Ddamsaqmeblebma unda gamoiCinon yuradReba, rom ar dasajon an
gaanTavisuflon is TanamSromlebi, romlebic samTavrobo uwyebebs
atyobineben saerTo darRvevebis Sesaxeb. AdabezReba ara mxolod
TanamSromlis daculi uflebaa, aramed es SemTxvevebi iwvevs
damsaqmebelTa gaRizianebas, rom araferi vTqvaT im didi jarimebis
Sesaxeb, risi gadaxdac uwevT damsaqmeblebs damnaSaved cnobis
57
SemTxvevaSi. erT-erTi dabezRebis SemTxvevis dros farmacevtuli
produqtebis kompania federalurma prokurorebma daajarimes 875 milioni
dolariT TaRliTobisTvis farulad SeuTanxmda eqimebs, rom
moetyuebinaT mTavroba.
58
damsaqmeblebs ganmarton, Tu ratom ar amarTlebs es gamonaklisebi
ganTavisuflebas.
SemoTavazebuli kontraqti
konstruqciuli ganTavisufleba
59
amis Semdeg acxadeben, rom maTi SromiTi uflebebi dairRva konstruqciuli,
usamarTlo ganTavisuflebiT. isini iZulebulni iyvnen daetovebinaT
damsaqmeblis mier ganzrax Seqmnili autaneli samuSao pirobebis gamo.
Ddamsaqmebelma imoqmeda TanamSromlis samuSao pirobebze ise
mizanSeuwonlad da usamarTlod, rom TanamSromels sxva gza aRar hqonda,
rom ar daetovebina samsaxuri. konstruqciuli ganTavisuflebis erT-erT
SemTxvevaSi (kompania iang and sauzvesTern saivings and loun asosieSein)
sasamarTlom aRniSna:
saerTo wesia, rom Tu damsaqmebeli ganzrax uqmnis TanamSromels
autanel samuSao pirobebs, raTa TanamSromeli iZulebuli gaxdes datovos
samsaxuri, maSin damsaqmebeli asrulebs konstruqciul ganTavisuflebas da
pasuxs agebs nebismieri arakanonieri qmedebisTvis, TiTqos man formalurad
gaaTavisufla gabrazebuli TanamSromeli.
sasamarTloebi konstruqciuli ganTavisuflebis moZRvrebis
CamoyalibebiT cdiloben damsaqmeblebs Tavidan aacilon raime qmedebis
faruli Sesruleba; amaT damsaqmeblebs saSualeba eZlevaT daufaravad
Seasrulon is, rasac kanoniT krZalaven. magaliTad, arawesier damsaqmeblebs
SeiZleba surdeT Tavidan aicilon arasasurveli TanamSromlebi Segnebuli
ZaldatanebiT, arasasurveli, saSineli samuSao pirobebis SeqmniT, ise rom
TanamSromlebs urCevniaT samsaxuridan wasvla, vidre saSineli pirobebis
atana.Aam moqmedebis Tanaxmad, damsaqmebeli SeiZleba Seecados Seamciros
Tavisi pasuximgebloba, xolo TanamSromelma moiTxovos konpensacia
mravali dacviTi SromiTi statusis saSualebiT.
amJamad aSS-s raionuli sasamarTloebi ar gansazRvraven,
TanamSromlebma rogor unda daamtkicon konstruqciuli ganTavisuflebis
pretenzia. raionuli sasamarTloebis umetesoba mxars uWers Rirseuli
pirovnebis standarts. Aam standartis Tanaxmad, mosarCelem ubralod unda
aCvenos, rom samuSao pirobebi autaneli iyo Rirseuli pirovnebisTvis, da
TanamSromels sxva arCevani aRar hqonda, Tu ara samsaxuridan wasvla.
raionuli sasamarTloebis umciresoba iRebs Rirsebuli pirovnebis
standarts, magram mosarCeleebma damatebiT unda daamtkicon, rom
damsaqmebelma ganizraxa maTi samsaxuridan wasvla. am midgomas uwodeben
damsaqmeblis ganzraxvis standarts. damsaqmeblis ganzraxvis testi metad
subieqturia da amasTanave ufro Zneli TanamSromlis substanciisTvis. unda
iTqvas, rom konstruqciuli ganTavisuflebis moZRvreba ar uzrunvelyofs
momsaxure personals dasaqmebis raime axali uflebebiT. konstruqciuli
ganTavisuflebis sarCeliT TanamSromeli mxolod icavs kanonebiTa da
sasamarTlos wesiT adre miniWebul SromiT usafrTxoebas.
HRM 1
Tavisufali dasaqmebis gancxadebebis magaliTebi
60
saxelmZRvaneloSi Sesuli yvela saxis SromiTi politika da sargebeli
damokidebulia mTlian an nawilbriv cvlilebasa da damsaqmeblis
eqskluziur survilze.
warmovadgenT Tavisufali gancxadebebis or magaliTs:
me vaRiareb, rom Tu damiqiraves, viqnebi Tavisufali TanamSromeli. me
vacnobiereb, rom SeiZleba moxdes Cemi ganTavisufleba an dasja raime
mizezis an Setyobinebis gareSe damsaqmeblis neba-surviliT. me vici, rom
prezidentis garda kompaniis sxva warmomadgenels ara aqvs ufleba
Secvalos samuSao pirobebi da aseTi cvlileba SeiZleba moxdes mxolod
werilobiT SromiT xelSekrulebaSi.
me mesmis, rom Cems muSaobas ar marTavs werilobiTi an zepiri
kontraqti da ganixileba, rogorc Tavisufali SeTanxmeba. es niSnavs, rom me
Tavisufali var, iseve rogorc kompania, nebismier dros SevwyvitoT SromiTi
kavSiri raime mizeziT, Tu adgili ara aqvs federaluri an saxelmwifo
kanonis darRvevas. me mesmis, rom Cemi muSaoba ar aris gansazRvruli vadiT
da gulisxmobs Tavisufal SeTanxmebas. es niSnavs, rom me nebismier dros
SemiZlia Sevwyvito muSaoba raime mizeziT, iseve rogorc kompanias, Tu
adgili ara aqvs federaluri an saxelmwifo kanonis darRvevas.
gafrTxileba: radganac Tavisufal dasaqmebas marTavs saxelmwifo
kanonebi, raTa damsaqmebelma SeinarCunos Tavisi Tavisufali statusi, man
unda daicvas samarTlis wesebi. es Seicavs Tavisufali dasaqmebis
werilobiT gancxadebebs.
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nu Caiden muSaobis sawinaaRmdego moqmedebas TanamSromlebTan, roca
isini warmoadgenen diskriminaciis braldebebs. moeqeciT
TanamSromlebs ise, TiTqos araferi momxdara;
iyaviT mtkice da obieqturi TanamSromlebTan urTierTobaSi.
SeafaseT TanamSromlebi maTi muSaobis mixedviT da ara piradi
TvisebebiT;
Nnu gamoxatavT arakeTilganwyobas TanamSromelTa mimarT, roca isini
ayeneben diskriminaciis braldebebs. moeqeciT yovel TanamSromels
ise, rogorc gindaT, rom mogeqcnen Tqven samarTlianad.
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piraduloba aRiarebulia, rogorc erT-erTi yvelaze mniSvnelovani im
samsaxureobriv sakiTxTagan, romlebic kompaniebis winaSe dgas
dResdReisobiT.
damsaqmeblebi icaven TavianT uflebas Caerion TanamSromlis pirad
saqmeSi da aRniSnaven, rom maT kanonieri interesi aqvT TanamSromelTa
zogierTi piradi saqmis mimarT, kerZod, am saqmeebma (narkonitis gamoyeneba,
kriminaluri saqmianoba, an TanamSromlis sakuTreba) uSualod sad
SeiZleba gavlena moaxdinos TanamSromlis produqtiulobaze, samuSao
adgilis usafrTxoebaze da/an moralze. sasamarTlo SemTxvevebi samuSao
adgilis konfidencialurobasTan dakavSirebiT praqtikulad cdilobs
moawesrigos (damsaqmeblis zedamxedvelobis saWiroebis winaaRmdeg)
TanamSromlis kanonieri konfidenciis molodinsa da organizaciis efeqturi
muSaobis kontrols Soris kavSiri. naSromis am nawilSi Cven SevexebiT
samuSao adgilis konfidencialurobis mniSvnelovan sakiTxebs narkotikebis
moxmarebasTan, gamokvlevebTan, zedamxedvelobasTan, pirad saqmeebSi
CarevasTan, werilebis konfidencialurobasTan, samsaxuris gareT
TanamSromlis moqmedebasTan da genetikur analizTan dakavSirebiT.
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mexanZreebi, da transportis usafrTxoebis Tanamdebobebze momuSave
TanamSromlebi. am TanamSromlebs SeiZleba mosTxovon narkologiuri
testis wardgena narkotikis moxmarebis individualuri eWvis ararsebobis
SemTxevaSic ki.Ffederaluri saaviacio sammarTvelos (FAA) safreni ekipaJis
wevrebisTvis, gamcileblebisTvis, sahaero moZraobis makontroleblebisTvis,
damxmare personalisTvis, TviTmfrinavis dispetCerebisTvis da saaviacio
usafrTxoebisTvis ganxorcielda narkologiuri analizis programa
kompania blueStein v skinerSi.
Aam SemTxvevebSi sasamarTloebi acxadeben, rom TanamSromlis interesi
_ SeinarCunos narkotikebisgan Tavisufali samuSao adgili _ gadawonis
nebismier pirad interess, rac SeiZleba TanamSromels hqondes.
narkotikebisgan Tavisufali samuSao adgilis 1988 wlis aqti federalur
doneze moiTxovs, rom organizaciebma 25.000 dolaris an meti Rirebulebis
samTavrobo kontraqtebiT gamoaqveynon da miawodon TanamSromlebs
politikis oficialuri gancxadeba, romelic krZalavs narkotikebis
moxmarebas samsaxurSi, SeimuSaos gacnobis programebi da acnobos
federalur uwyebas im TanamSromlebis Sesaxeb, romlebmac Caidines
narkotikebTan dakavSirebuli kriminaluri darRveva.
Ddamsaqmeblebma unda daicvan kanonis debulebebi narkotikebTan
dakavSirebiT. ADA pirdapir aTavisuflebs nebismier TanamSromelsa da
samuSaos msurvels, vinc amJamad CarTulia narkotikebis arakanonier
moxmarebaSi. Nnarkotikebis momxmareblebi ar iTvlebian qmedobauunaro
pirovnebebad. Tumca kanonis debulebebi exeba gankurnebul narkomanebsac.
Kkanoni acxadebs, rom
Uuunaro adamianad ar CaiTvleba is piri, romelmac
(1) warmatebiT daasrula reabilitaciis programa an sxvamxriv
warmatebiT gaiara reabilitacia da aRar aris CarTuli
narkotikebis moxmarebaSi;
(2) an romelic monawileobas iRebs reabilitaciis programaSi da aRar
aris CarTuli narkotikebis moxmarebaSi.
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ganaxorcielon uflebamosileba an narkologiuri Semowmebis programebi,
SeiZleba saxelmwifo sasamarTlos ufro mkacri winaaRmdegobebis winaSe
dadgnen. organizaciebs Cveulebriv ar SeuZliaT yvela TanamSromlis
narkologiuri Semowmebis Catareba; Semowmeba unda iyos fokusirebuli erT
individze (narkotikebis Sesaxeb kanonebze uaxlesi monacemebis
mopovebisTvis saukeTeso gzaa Tqvens qveyanaSi mimarToT adgilobriv
biblioTekas an moiTxovoT informacia Sesabamisi saxelmwifo uwyebisgan).
13.3 sqemaze mocemulia narkologiuri SemowmebisTvis cnobili mizezebi.
Sardis analizi narkologiuri Semowmebis yvelaze Cveulebrivi
formaa, Tumca damsaqmeblebi aseve iyeneben sisxlis analizs da Tmis
analizs. Nnarkologiur Semowmebaze zogierTi yvelaze mwvave kritika exeba
am Semowmebis meTodebis sandoobas, raTa daadginon, rom pirovneba
impyofeba narkotikis zemoqmedebis qveS. saSiSi nivTierebebi SardSi rCeba
garkveuli periodiT: kokaini _ daaxloebiT samocdaTormeti saaTiT,
marixuana sami kviris ganmavlobaSi an metxans. Tmis analizi iZleva
pasuxs narkotikebis warsuli moxmarebis Sesaxeb. radganac Tma izrdeba
daaxloebiT naxevari inCiT TveSi, Sesabamisad mokle nawils SeuZlia
mogvces narkotikebis moxmarebis xangrZlivi monacemebi. Tumca,
TanamSromlis warsulSi narkotikebis moxmarebam SeiZleba gavlena ar
moaxdinos amJamindel samuSaos Sesrulebaze. Aaseve Sardis analizi
problematuri xdeba, roca testis aparati ar aris Semowmebuli an
saTanadod ar aris gawmendili, aRebuli sinjebi isvreba da warmoiSoba
jaWvuri dacvis problemebi. (jaWvuri dacvis dokumentacia gulisxmobs
yoveli Sardis sinjis (nimuSis) erTobliobas misi SexebiTa da SenaxviT
Segrovebis adgilidan saboloo daniSnulebis adgilamde). am siZneleebma
SeiZleba gamoiwvios dadebiTi testis araswori pasuxi, rodesac
konkretuli narkotiki arasworad gamovlindeba sinjSi.
narkologiuri Semowmebis mizezebi
65
narkologiuri Semowmebis saSualebiT SegiZliaT SeafasoT
TanamSromlis Sesabamisoba samsaxurTan. egreT wodebuli movaleobisTvis
Sesaferisobis an saqmianobaze dafuZnebuli Semowmeba gansazRvravs, aris Tu
ara TanamSromeli sakmarisad momzadebuli muSaobisTvis. erT-erTi
gauaresebis testi TanamSromlisgan moiTxovs misdios kursors video
TamaSis dros (rogorc modelireba). sxva Semowmebis teqnika afasebs
TanamSromlis Tvalis moZraobebs. testis Sedegebis Sedareba TanamSromlis
Sesaxeb adre Segrovil monacemebTan emsgavseba gonivrul tests savaraudo
mizezis garkvevisaTvis. am testis erT-erTi upiratesoba is aris, rom is
fokusirebulia samsaxurebriv saqmianobaze da ara arasamsaxurebrivi
movaleobis Sesrulebisas gamoxatul qcevaze. is aseve gamoavlens iseT
TanamSromlebs, romlebic Seamcires im problemebis gamo, rom
narkologiurma Semowmebam ver gamoavlina: gadaRla, stresi da
alkoholizmi.
saerTo jamSi, narkologiuri Semowmebis dros damsaqmeblebi
frTxilad unda iyvnen, rom tyuilad ar daabralon narkotikebis gamoyeneba
TanamSromels an aplikants. aq sakiTxi exeba narkologiuri Semowmebis
Sedegebis gamovlenas an vinmes narkologiuri problemis prognozirebas.
ciliswamebis sarCeli Cveulebriv gulisxmobs fulad zarals.
narkologiuri Semowmebis pasuxebi miawodeT mxolod maT, vinc unda icodes
amis Sesaxeb, magaliTad, zedamxedvelebs an adamianuri resursebis
personals, da ara sxva TanamSromlebs an aradainteresebul menejerebs.
boingi, 3M, gaerTianebuli aviaxazebi da motorola iyeneben damoukidebeli
samedicino ganxilvis TanamSromels, (MRO) raTa uzrunvelyon maTi
narkologiuri testebis programebis erTianoba. MRO s zogierT
saxelmwifoSi sTxoven federaluri mTavrobis mier dadgenil testebs.
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TanamSromelTa danaSaulebasTan brZolaSi dasaxmareblad
sasamarTloebma dauSves calkeuli oTaxebis, magidebis, Cemodnebis,
iaraRebis, yuTebis da zogadad samuSao adgilebis Cxreka, sadac adekvaturi
gamarTleba arsebobs da TanamSromlebma miiRes Sesabamisi Setyobineba
winaswar. TanamSromlebs ara aqvT swori warmodgena gasaidumloebis
molodinze iseT adgilebSi, sadac moqmedebs samuSao wesebi, romlebic
uzrunvelyofs Semowmebebs. isini unda daemorCilon damsaqmeblis mier
Catarebul Cxrekas; SeiZleba isini Sesabamisad daisajon
daumorCileblobisTvis an Cxrekis moTxovnaze uaris TqmisTvis.
mniSvnelovania Semdegi: Tu adgili ara aqvs sagangebo an sxva specialur
garemoebebs, maSin TanamSromelTa piradi nivTebis an kompaniis
aRWurvilobis SemTxveviT Cxrekas Tavi unda avaridoT. SemTxveviTi Cxreka
gamoiwvevs TanamSromelTa ganrisxebas da pretenziebs, rom irRveva maTi
piradi uflebebi (Tanmxlebi xarjebiT produqtiulobaSi).
Mmenejerebi unda iyvnen koreqtulebi TanamSromelTa Cxrekis
Catarebisas. arasaTanado Cxrekebs SeiZleba mohyves TanamSromlTa saCivrebi,
damsaqmeblis dadanaSaulebiT, rom man daarRvia maTi piradi uflebebi,
cili daswama da miayena emociuri stresi. damsaqmeblebs urCeven, rom
SeimuSaon adamianuri resursebis politika, romelic Semdeg principebze
iqneba dafuZnebuli:
1. Cxrekis politika unda iyos sajaro da unda dasaxeldes Cxrekis
savaraudo mizezi;
2. Cxrekis politika unda iyos gonivruli da obieqturi;
3. sadac SesaZlebelia, Cxreka unda Catardes calke, izolirebulad;
4. Ddamsaqmebeli unda Seecados daiTanxmos TanamSromeli Cxrekaze;
5. Cxreka unda Catardes eTikis normebis dacviT, raTa Tavidan aviciloT
emociuri stresi;
6. Cxrekaze uaris Tqmis SemTxvevaSi unda ganisazRvros jarima.
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amas. TanamSromlebs SeuZliaT uCivlon pirad cxovrebaSi CarevisTvis,
magram sasamarTloebi amas akeTeben zaralis asanazRaureblad,
TanamSromelma unda daasabuTos, rom konfidencialurobis saTanado
molodinebi gadawonis (aWarbebs) organizaciis zedamxedvelobis mizezs.
kanoni moqmedeba
68
kanonieri saqmianobis miznebisTvis.
samarTliani sandoobis
angariSis aqti (1970)
nebas aZlevs samuSaos msurvelebsa da
TanamSromlebs icodnen, maT saxelze
inaxeba Tu ara sando saqmeebi da rogoria
maTi Sinaarsi. TanamSromlebs aqvT ufleba
icodnen xelmZRvanelobis mier Sedgenili
sagamoZiebo momxmareblis angariSis
arsebobisa da Sinaarsis Sesaxeb.
69
E eleqtronuli fostis, internetisa da xmovani fostis gamoyenebis
mravali saSualeba arsebobs; isini uzrunvelyofen Setyobinebebis
momentalur gagzavnas, exmarebian samuSao jgufs, gvTavazoben globaluri
informaciis mopovebas, xels uwyoben drois efeqturad gamoyenebas da
fleqsiur muSaobas. samwuxarod, teqnologia TanamSromlebs amave dros
saSualebas aZlevs imoqmedon arakeTilsindisierad, arasaTanadod da
kompetenciis gareSe, rac xelmZRvanelobas uqmnian eTikur, samarTlebriv da
produqtiulobis problemebs. teqnologiis arakanonieri gamoyeneba Sedegad
iwvevs imas, rom damsaqmeblebi akontroleben TanamSromelTa moqmedebebs,
igeben mniSvnelovan konfidencialur sakiTxebs rogorc TanamSromlebis,
aseve menejerebis Sesaxeb.
Aadamianuri resursebis menejmentis mier Catarebul kvlevaSi
gamokiTxulTa 74 procentma ganacxada, rom isini akontroleben TavianTi
TanamSromlebis internetis moxmarebasa da eleqtronuli fostis
Setyobinebebs.
70
miRebuli an gagzavnili masalebi. TanamSromlebma, romlebic anadgureben
TavianT Setyobinebebsa da werilebs, SeiZleba arasworad ivaraudon, rom
isini waiSala. Tumca TanamSromlebma SeiZleba CaTvalon, rom maTi piradi
uflebebi vrceldeba el.fostaze, internetze an xmovan fostaze. Uufro
metic, isini SeiZleba daisajon kidec an gaaTavisuflon samsaxuridan
elfostis an internetis arasaTanado gamoyenebisTvis. adamianuri
resursebis eqspertebi da samarTlebrivi organoebi mxars uWeren
xelmZRvanelobas SeimuSaos zusti politika da principebi, romlebic
TanamSromlebs gaacnobs, Tu rogor unda gamoiyenon elfosta, interneti an
xmovani fosta, amave dros acnobebs, rodis da ra pirobebSi moxdeba maTi
gakontroleba. (ix. sqema 13.6.), TanamSromlebma unda moaweron xeli formas
(iseve, rogorc SromiTi politikis sxva dokumentebs) imis dasturad, rom
maT waikiTxes da eTanxmebian mas.
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samarTlebrivi samsaxurebi zogadad miiCneven, rom TanamSromelTa
saqcieli samsaxuris gareT ar eqvemdebareba dasjas ufrosis mier. Kkanonis
Tanaxmad, cudi saqcielis Cadena samsaxuris Semdeg, zogierT SemTxvevaSi,
SeiZleba ar iyos kanonieri safuZveli TanamSromlis dasjisTvis.
Oorganizaciebma, romelTac surT TanamSromelTa dasja samsaxuris gareT
Cadenili moqmedebisTvis, unda daadginon zusti kavSiri Cadenil cud
saqcielsa da im uaryofiT gavlenas Soris, romelic man moaxdina sxva
TanamSromlebze an organizaciaze. Ees SeiZleba dadgindes, magaliTad, im
SemTxvevebSi, roca samsaxuris gareT kriminaluri moqmedeba (rogoricaa
bavSvis gaupatiureba) warmoSobs gamanadgurebel Sedegs, axdens uaryofiT
gavlenas samsaxurze. Mmeore magaliTi SeiZleba iyos, roca TanamSromlis
sajaro samsaxuri (rogoricaa policiis an saxanZro departamentis
personali) warmoSobs warmosaxviT problemas organizaciisTvis. Tumca,
zogadad rac ar unda mcire danaSauli Caidinos TanamSromelma samsaxuris
gareT, mainc eqvemdebareba dasjas ufrosis mier.
samsaxurebrivi romanebi gansakuTrebul problemas uqmnis
organizaciebs. xelmZRvanelobas eqmneba problema, Tu TanamSromlis,
zedamxedvelis an sxva Tanamdebobis piris romani gadadis cud formebSi,
rasac mivyavarT samsaxurSi seqsualuri Zaladobis faqtebamde an
braldebebamde.
samsaxurebrivi romanebi agreTve favoritizmis braldebebs iwveven im
TanamSromlis winaaRmdeg, romelic CarTulia zedamxedvelisa da masze
dabali Tanamdebobis mqone TanamSromlis romanSi. samsaxurebrivma
romanebma SeiZleba warmoSvan moraluri problemebic, roca sxva
TanamSromlebi grZnoben, rom usamarTlod eqcevian; aseTi situaciebi iwveven
eWvianobas, gaRizianebas da cud grZnobebs. zedamxedvelis romanebs
SeiZleba organizaciisaTvis mZime Sedegebi mohyves
Ggenetikuri analizi
72
genetikur faqtorebsa da adamianis SesaZleblobas Soris kavSiris,
urTierTdamokidebulebis Sesaxeb.
ramdenime federaluri an saxelmwifo kanoni an sasamarTlos
gadawyvetilebebi marTavs damsaqmeblis mier genetikuri informaciis
gamoyenebas. Tumca Ggenetikuri testi arRvevs moqalaqeobrivi uflebebis
aqtis VII Tavis da qmedobauunaro amerikelebis aqtis antidiskriminaciis
mandatebs. 2000 wels EEOC m uCivla berlingTon norsen santa fe
korporacias TanamSromlebze genetikuri testebis saidumlod
CatarebisTvis, romlebmac Seitanes karpalis (mtevnis) tunelis sindromis
Taobaze TanamSromlis kompensaciis sarCeli. berlingTon norseni dapirda
EEOC s, rom aRar Caatarebda genetikur testebs da samagieros ar
gadauxdida im TanamSromlebs, vinc uari ganacxades testis Catarebaze.
SesaZloa momavali kanonebi federaluri an saxelmwifo akrZalavs
genetikur diskriminacias samsaxursa da janmrTelobis dazRvevaSi.
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asacileblad maT safuZvlian Seswavlas moiTxovs. xSirad
zedamxedvelebisTvis Znelia obieqturi damokidebuleba SeinarCunon
TanamSromelTa darRvevebis mimarT. Mmagram Tu zedamxedvelebs SeuZliaT
problemis mogvarebis gamoyeneba, isini mivlen diagnozamde, romelic ufro
axlosaa simarTlesTan, vidre im SemTxvevaSi, Tu isini iuristis Carevas
gamoiyenebdnen
disciplinaruli modeli
Uumoqmedobis Sedegebi
sqema 13.8 menejerebis mier gansazRvrul Cveulebriv disciplinarul
problemebs gviCvenebs. Ddisciplinaruli RonisZiebis Seusrulebloba am
sferoebSi mxolod problemis gamZafrebas emsaxureba, rac faqtobrivad
unda mogvardes. Uumoqmedoba gulisxmobs, rom TanamSromlis moqmedeba
damakmayofilebelia. Tu disciplinaruli RonisZieba faqtobrivad
Sesrulda, Seferxeba ufro gaaZnelebs moqmedebis gamarTlebas gasaCivrebis
SemTxvevaSi. aseTi gasaCivrebis dacvis dros, xelmZRvanelobas SeekiTxebian,
Tu ratom aCerebdnen saxelfaso uwyisSi iseT TanamSromels, romelic ar
asrulebda movaleobebs an iqceoda aradamakmayofileblad. Aan ufro mZime
SekiTxva SeiZleba iyos: ratom iRebda es TanamSromeli damakmayofilebel
samuSao Sefasebebs (an SesaZloa premiebsac ki)?
praqtikaSi aseT winaaRmdegobebs SeuZliaT daexmaron TanamSromlebs
warmatebiT uaryon menejeris koreqciuli moqmedebebi. samwuxarod,
zogierTi zedamxedveli cdilobs gaamarTlos Tavisi koreqciuli
moqmedebebi mxolod mas Semdeg, rac man gadawyvita gaaTavisuflos
konkretuli TanamSromeli. qvemoT mocemulia supervaizerebis mier
dasaxelebuli zogadi mizezebi, Tu ratom ver wauyenes disciplinaruli
jarima:
1. zedamxedvelma ver daamtkica adreuli moqmedebebi, ase rom ar
arsebobs Canaweri Sesabamisi koreqciuli moqmedebis gansazRvrisTvis;
2. supervaizerebs sjerodaT, rom isini miiRebdnen mcire mxardaWeras an
saerTod ar miiRebdnen mxardaWeras ufrosi xelmZRvanelebisgan
disciplinaruli RonisZiebisTvis;
3. zedamxedveli ar iyo darwmunebuli faqtebSi, romlebic moiTxovda
disciplinarul RonisZiebas;
4. radganac zedamxedvelma warsulSi ver dasaja Kkonkretuli
darRvevisTvis TanamSromeli, zedamxedvelma axlac uari Tqva
disciplinarul moqmedebaze, raTa gamoCeniliyo mtkice pirovnebad;
5. zedamxedvels surda gamoCeniliyo, rogorc kargi pirovneba.
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arasapatio gacdena;
mudmivi gacdenebi;
arasapatio/gadaWarbebuli dagvianebebi;
nebarTvis gareSe wasvla.
75
3. wesebis mizezebi yovelTvis unda ganvumartoT TanamSromlebs;
organizaciis wesebs ufro metad aRiareben, roca TanamSromlebs
kargad esmiT maTi mniSvneloba;
4. wesebi yovelTvis unda iyos warmodgenili werilobiTi formiT.
gaurkvevloba unda aviciloT Tavidan, radganac aman SeiZleba
gamoiwvios wesebis gansxvavebuli interpretaciebi sxvadasxva
zedamxedvelis mier;
5. normebi unda iyos gonivruli da iTvaliswinebdes organizaciis
usafrTxo da efeqtur moqmedebas. normebi ar unda SemuSavdes
piradi survilebis mixedviT;
6. Tu xelmZRvaneloba sustia wesis dacvaSi, maSin xelaxla unda
gamocxaddes es wesi (misi daRvevis Sedegebis mixedviT), sanam
disciplinaruli RonisZieba gatardeba;
7. TanamSromlebma xeli unda moaweron dokuments imis dasamowmeblad,
rom maT waikiTxes da gaecnen organizaciis wesebs.
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sasjelis gansazRvra
77
dakvirvebebis Catarebis dros mniSvnelovania viyoT obieqturebi da Tavi
avaridoT varaudebs da cilis wamebas, rac xSirad Tan sdevs aseT
SemTxvevebs. sqema 13.9 warmogvidgens Svid kiTxvas, rom ganvixiloT
gamoZiebis dros TanamSromlis darRveva. TiToeul kiTxvaze pasuxis gacema
sando informaciis miwodebis SemTxvevaSi, uzrunvelyofs srul da
samarTlian Semowmebas, piradi ciliswamebis gareSe.
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darwmunebulia Tu ara xelmZRvaneloba, rom kargad acnobierebs
TanamSromlis mimarT wayenebul sasjels;
TanamSromeli namdvilad gaaTavisufles daumorCileblobisTvis,
Tu ubralod uari Tqva xelmZRvanelobis moTxovnaze;
sagamoZiebo saubari
disciplinaruli RonisZiebis gatarebamde unda moxdes gasaubreba,
raTa gavigoT, TanamSromlebi garkveulni arian Tu ara srulad am
darRvevaSi. Ees gasaubreba saWiroa, radganac SeiZleba zedamxedvelis
79
varaudebi TanamSromlis saqcielis Sesaxeb ar aRmoCndes zusti. Ees
gasaubreba gaarkvevs, am darRvevam rogor imoqmeda saqmianobasa da samuSaos
qceviT standartebze. is ar unda Caerios pirad saqmeSi da ar unda Seexos
iseT sakiTxebs, romlebic ar aris dakavSirebuli samsaxurTan. rac yvelaze
mniSvnelovania, TanamSromels unda mieces sruli SesaZlebloba Tavis mxriv
axsnas sakiTxi, ise rom gamovlindes is naklovanebebi, romlebzedac
pasuxismgebelia organizacia.
Kkompania NLRB v Weingartenis SemTxvevaSi, uzenaesi sasamarTlo
daexmara SromiTi urTierTobebis erovnul sabWos, romelic icavs
TanamSromlis uflebas organizaciaSi sagamoZiebo gasaubrebis dros.
sasamarTlom gadawyvita, rom profkavSiris warmomadgenlis daswreba kargi
iqneboda TanamSromlebsa da xelmZRvanelobas Soris uflebamosilebis
dabalansebisTvis, vinaidan kavSiris warmomadgenels SeeZlo daxmareboda
TanamSromels, romelic iyo metismetad SeSinebuli an zustad ver yveboda
incidents, an ver asaxelebda Semamsubuqebel faqtorebs. veingarTenis
SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlom miiRo Semdegi gadawyvetileba: TanamSromels
mizezi hqonda daeSva, rom sagamoZiebo dakiTxvas SeiZleba mohyoloda iseTi
RonisZieba, rac riskis qveS daayenebda misi samuSaos dacvas. Amis gamo mas
mieca warmomadgenlis yolis ufleba.
mniSvnelovania aseve aRvniSnoT, rom TanamSromlis warmomadgenlis
yolis ufleba organizaciaSi ar vrceldeba xelmZRvanelobasTan mimdinare
yvela gasaubrebaze. AveingarTenis SemTxveva warmogvidgens kargad
gansazRvrul SezRudvebs TanamSromlis warmomadgenlis yolis uflebebze.
am uflebebis SemzRudveli wesebi Semdegia:
1. warmomadgenlis yolis uflebebi vrceldeba mxolod sagamoZiebo
dakiTxvebze, da ara samuSao pirobebis rigiT ganxilvebze;
2. Uuflebebi warmoiSoba mxolod incidentebis SemTxvevaSi, roca
TanamSromeli saWiroebs warmomadgenlis yolas da TanamSromels
sjera, rom dakiTxvas SeiZleba mohyves dasja;
3. xelmZRvaneloba ar aris valdebuli molaparakeba awarmoos
TanamSromlis warmomadgenelTan.
Tu TanamSromlebi da administracia am wesebs asruleben, menejerebs
ar sWirdebaT sagamoZiebo dakiTxvebis warmoeba. veingarTenis
gadawyvetileba TanamSromels ar aZlevs sagamoZiebo dakiTxvis garantias;
is mxolod aniWebs warmomadgenlis yolis uflebas saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi.
Kkanoni TanamSromlebs ar aZlevs nebas gaauqmon sagamoZiebo gasaubreba,
Tu saWiro gaxda warmomadgenlis yola, da maSin xelmZRvaneloba
gaagrZelebs gamoZiebas sxva saTanado saSualebebiT. menejerebs urCeven, rom
konsultacia aiRon samarTlebriv sferoSi raime RonisZiebis gatarebamde.
Pprogresuli dasja
80
saerTod dasjas progresuli Tvisebebi aqvs. ganmartebis mixedviT,
progresuli disciplina gulisxmobs gamosasworebeli RonisZiebebis
gamoyenebas mzardi xarisxebiT. progresuli disciplina gankuTvnilia, rom
gamoasworos TanamSromlis araswori moqmedeba bunebrivad. teqnika miznad
isaxavs problemis mogvarebas adreul etapze, mxolod sakmarisi
gamosasworebeli RonisZiebis gamoyenebiT, raTa aRmovfxvraT da
~vumkurnaloT~ am darRvevebs. Tumca disciplinaruli moqmedebis Sedegi da
simkacre damokidebulia darRvevis tipze da Semamsubuqebel garemoebebze.
radganac yoveli situacia Taviseburad gansakuTrebulia, mravali faqtori
unda iqnes miRebuli mxedvelobaSi disciplinaruli moqmedebis xarisxis
gansazRvris dros. zogierTi faqtori mocemulia 13.9 sqemaze.
tipuri progresuli dasjis meTodi moicavs oTx safexurs. zepir
gafrTxilebas (an rCevas), rom aradamakmayofilebeli saqcieli an moqmedeba
SemdgomSi ar iqneba dausjelad datovebuli, mas SeiZleba mohyves
werilobiTi gafrTxileba, suspensia gadasaxadis gareSe da ganTavisufleba.
Banner Health System is mier gamoyenebuli progresiuli dasja naCvenebia
HRM 2-Si. ganTavisuflebis mTavari dasja gamoiyeneba rogorc saboloo
damokidebuleba. organizaciebi Cveulebriv iyeneben disciplinaruli
moqmedebebis sust formebs SedarebiT martivi SromiTi problemebisTvis.
menejerebma unda daimaxsovron, rom sami mniSvnelovani ram xdeba
progresuli disciplinis saTanadod gamoyenebis dros:
1. TanamSromlebma yovelTvis ician, ra moeliT darRvevis SemTxvevaSi;
2. TanamSromlebma ician, ra gaumjobesebaa maTgan mosalodneli;
3. TanamSromlebi acnobiereben, ra moxdeba im SemTxvevaSi, Tu
gaumjobeseba ar iqneba miRweuli.
P
pozitiuri dasja
miuxedavad imisa, rom progresuli disciplina yvelaze popularuli
damokidebulebaa TanamSromelTa saqcielis gamosasworeblad, am bolo
dros zogierTma menejerma kiTxvis niSnis qveS daayena misi logika. maT
aRniSnes, rom mas aqvs garkveuli naklovanebebi, maT Soris misi
SemaSinebeli da sawinaaRmdego xasiaTi, romelic xels uSlis sasurveli
miznis miRwevas. am mizezebis gamo, organizaciebi, rogoricaa tampa
eleqtrik kompani, ouSen sprei, texasis gonebrivi Seferxebebis
ganyofileba, penzoili da bei earia refid tranziti iyeneben
egreTwodebul dadebiT damokidebulebas, anu aradasjad disciplinas.
pozitiuri disciplina dafuZnebulia principze, rom TanamSromlebma unda
ikisron valdebuleba TavianT pirad qcevaze, agreTve samuSaos Sesrulebaze.
pozitiuri disciplina moiTxovs TanamSromlobiT garemos, sadac
TanamSromlebi da maTi zedamxedvelebi CarTulni arian erTobliv
ganxilvasa da problemaTa gadawyvetaSi, raTa moagvaron TanamSromelTa
upasuxismgeblobis incidentebi. Ees damokidebuleba koncentrirebulia
araswori moqmedebis adreul gamosworebaze, da TanamSromelma unda aiRos
sruli pasuxismgebloba problemis mogvarebaze. yvela gadawyvetileba da
damtkiceba erToblivad miiRweva. Aadamianuri resursebis menejerebi xSirad
pozitiur dasjas aRweren, rogorc aradasjad disciplinas, romelic
muqarebsa da sasjels cvlis mxardaWeriT.
maSin roca pozitiuri dasja emsgavseba progresul dasjas, misi
mniSvneloba mdgomareobs imaSi, rom amgvari dasjisas TanamSromels
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sayvedurs ki ar ucxadeben, aramed Seaxseneben ama Tu im wess da amas
iyeneben, rogorc saSualebas saqmianobis gaumjobesebisaTvis. warmoadgens
TanamSromels Seaxsenos, rogorc saSualeba saqmianobis gasaumjobeseblad,
vidre sayveduri gamoucxados.Ees teqnika xorcieldeba sam safexurad.
Ppirvel etaps warmoadgens Sexvedra TanamSromelsa da zedamxedvels Soris.
Sexvedris mizania ganxilvis saSualebiT, TanamSromelTan zepiri
SeTanxmebiT, moZebnon problemidan gamosavali, raTa gaaumjobeson misi
muSaoba. zedamxedveli Tavs ikavebs sayvedurebisgan an Semdgomi
disciplinaruli RonisZiebiT damuqrebisgan. zedamxedvelebs SeuZliaT
Caiweron es Sexvedra, magram es werilobiTi Canaweri ar Seinaxeba
TanamSromlis pirad saqmeSi, Tu msgavsi saqcieli ar ganmeorda.
Tu pirvel nabijs ar mohyva gaumjobeseba, supervaizeri atarebs meore
TaTbirs TanamSromelTan, raTa gaarkvios pirvel TaTbirze miRebulma
SeTanxmebam ratom ar gaamarTla. Aam etapze werilobiTi Sexseneba eZleva
TanamSromels. am dokumentSi mocemulia problemis axali an ganmeorebiTi
mogvareba, imis damowmebiT, rom gaumjobeseba warmoadgens TanamSromlis
valdebulebasa da muSaobis gagrZelebis pirobas.
Tu ori TaTbiri ar gamoiRebs sasurvel Sedegebs, mesame nabiji unda
ganxorcieldes TanamSromels unda miscen erTdRiani anazRaurebadi
Svebuleba, raTa miiRos gadawyvetileba. Eam anazRaurebadi Svebulebis
mizania, rom TanamSromelma gadawyvitos, unda Tu ara muSaobis gagrZeleba
organizaciaSi. Oorganizacia uxdis safasurs am SvebulebisTvis, imis
gamosaxatavad, rom surs TanamSromlis SenarCuna. es anazRaureba amave dros
aRmofxvris uaryofiT Sedegebs, romlebic dakavSirebulia TanamSromlis
erTi dRis gacdenasTan. TanamSromlebi, romelTac Svebuleba eZlevaT
gadawyvetilebis misaRebad, iZulebulni arian meore dRes dabrundnen
gadawyvetilebiT: aiRon sruli pasuxismgebloba muSaobis gasaumjobeseblad
an datovon organizacia. Tu valdebulebas ar aiRebs Tavis Tavze,
TanamSromeli ganTavisufldeba im mizeziT, rom igi organizacias
upasuxismgeblod ekideba.
Bbaneris jandacvis sistemis koreqciuli moqmedebis procesi
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daswrebas ar gaaumjobesebs. es moqmedeba zedamxedvelma unda
daasabuTos da Seinaxos saqmeSi momavali daxasiaTebisTvis. aseTi
gafrTxilebis Canaweri ar inaxeba TanamSromlis oficialur pirad
saqmeSi.
Mmeore safexuri: werilobiTi gafrTxileba: Tu zepiri gafrTxilebis
gamocxadebis Semdeg ar aRiniSna sakmarisi gaumjobeseba saqmianobasa da
daswrebaSi, maSin amas werilobiTi gafrTxileba mohyveba. Pproblema da
Sesabamisi faqtebi unda iqnes aRwerili koreqciuli moqmedebis formaSi.
TanamSromels unda uTxran, rom Tu saqmianoba an daswreba ar
gaumjobesdeba, ganxorcieldeba Semdgomi koreqciuli RonisZieba
saboloo werilobiTi gafrTxilebis formaSi an suspensiaSi. Aam
gafrTxilebis Canaweri Senaxuli unda iyos TanamSromlis pirad saqmeSi.
Mmesame safexuri: saboloo werilobiTi gafrTxileba da suspensia: Tu
ar aRiniSneba damakmayofilebeli gaumjobeseba werilobiTi
gafrTxilebis Semdeg, zedamxedvelma unda gaagrZelos procesi saboloo
werilobiTi gafrTxilebiT an samsaxuridan droebiTi daTxovniT.
droebiTi daTxovna SeiZleba moxdes erTi an sami dRiT progresuli
moqmedebis procesSi anazRaurebis gareSe. TanamSromlebs unda urCion,
rom suspensia bolo safexuria ganTavisuflebamde da es dro unda
gamoiyenos, rom gadawyvitos, SeuZlia Tu ara Tavisi saqmianobis an
daswrebis problemis gamosworeba. TanamSromels unda auxsnan, rom
saboloo werilobiTi gafrTxileba bolo safexuria ganTavisuflebamde.
suspensiebi da saboloo werilobiTi gafrTxilebebi unda damtkicdes
Sesabamisi informaciiT da wina koreqciuli moqmedebis safexurebis
TariRebi unda dafiqsirdes koreqciuli moqmedebis formaSi.
meoTxe safexuri: ganTavisufleba. ganTavisuflebis saboloo
gadawyvetilebis miRebamde supervaizerma TanamSromelTan erTad unda
ganixilos sakiTxi/SemTxveva, ramac gamoiwvia misi ganTavisuflebis
gadawyvetileba. Tu TanamSromeli iZleva informacias, romelic
saWiroebs gamokvlevas, zedamxedvelma unda gamoyos garkveuli dro amis
Sesasruleblad. Tu ar arsebobs axali informacia, maSin adamianuri
resursebis departamentTan unda ganxorcieldes konsultacia
TanamSromlis ganTavisuflebamde. ganTavisuflebis Setyobinebis forma
unda Seivsos TanamSromlis ganTavisuflebis dros. gancxadeba unda
adasturebdes zepiri, werilobiTi da saboloo werilobiTi
gafrTxilebisa da droebiTi daTxovnis dadgenilebis TariRebs. iq aseve
unda iyos aRniSnuli is konkretuli SemTxvevebi, romlebmac ganapiroba
es gadawyvetileba da sxva nebismieri moqmedeba, romelic gatarda an is
pirobebi, romlebic SesTavazes TanamSromels problemis
gamosasworeblad.
Ddauyovnebeli moqmedeba
83
dauyovnebliv SeaCereT misi muSaoba gamosakvlevad, rac ar unda gagrZeldes
ramdenime dReze met xans. Aar arsebobs samuSao adgilzeve TanamSromlis
ganTavisuflebis mizezi. gamoZiebam SeiZleba gamoavlinos, rom
disciplinaruli moqmedeba ar iyo Sesaferisi. aseT SemTxvevebSi
TanamSromels aunazRaurdeba Tanamdebobidan droebiTi gadayenebis
periodis (dReebis) safasuri.
meore TaTbiri
(werilobiTi Sexseneba)
gansazRvreT, ratom unda mogvardes problema;
warudgineT TanamSromels problemis werilobiTi gadawyvetileba;
moipoveT TanamSromlis valdebuleba
daakmayofilos standartebi
(miTiTeba TanamSromlis saqmeSi).
aRiareba da ganmtkiceba
ganTavisufleba
TanamSromlebis ganTavisufleba
roca TanamSromlebi ver icaven organizaciis wesebsa da normebs,
saboloo disciplinarul RonisZiebas umetes SemTxvevebSi warmoadgens
ganTavisufleba. radganac ganTavisuflebas aseTi seriozuli Sedegebi
mohyveba TanamSromlisTvis (da SesaZloa organizaciisTvisac), is unda
ganxorcieldes mxolod SemTxvevis kargad gaazrebuli da auCqarebeli
84
ganxilvis Semdeg. Tu TanamSromeli gamoagdes, mas SeuZlia Seitanos sarCeli
arasamarTlianad ganTavisuflebis Sesaxeb, rom samsaxuridan daTxovna moxda
arasamarTlianad an arasakmarisi mizeziT, rac gulisxmobs imas, rom
xelmZRvaneloba arasamarTlianad eqceoda.
Tu TanamSromlis ganTavisufleba gamowveuli iyo saTanado mizeziT,
ras niSnavs TanamSromlisadmi samarTliani mopyroba?Eam kiTxvaze pasuxis
gacema advili ar aris, magram standartebi namdvilad arsebobs, romlebic
aregulireben samarTlian ganTavisuflebas SromiTi samarTlis sferoSi
SemuSavebuli wesebis farglebSi. es wesebi Seicavs mTel rig principebs,
romlebsac iyeneben mosamarTleebi ganTavisuflebasTan dakavSirebul
saqmeebSi, raTa gansazRvron, hqonda Tu ara xelmZRvanelobas safuZvliani
mizezi TanamSromlis ganTavisuflebisTvis. Ees principebi Cveulebriv
Camoyalibebulia kiTxvebis formiT, romelic mocemulia 13.11 sqemaze.
magaliTad, TanamSromlis ganTavisuflebamde menejerma winaswar
gaafrTxila Tu ara SesaZlo disciplinaruli RonisZiebis Sesaxeb? nebismieri
Svidi kiTxvis pasuxis gaucemloba niSnavs, rom is ar iyo safuZvliani da
administraciis gadawyvetileba ganTavisuflebis Sesaxeb iyo TviTneburi,
dausabuTebeli, axirebuli an diskriminaciuli. am principebis mniSvneloba
aris is, rom maT mimarTaven aramarto arbitrebi ganTavisuflebis
SemTxvevebSi, aramed mosamarTleebic arasamarTlianad ganTavisuflebis
Sesaxeb sarCelebis ganxilvisas, da EEOC diskriminaciuli darRvevebis
SemTxvevaSi, rogoricaa seqsualuri Zaladoba. mniSvnelovania, rom menejerebi
yvela doneze acnobierebdnen am safuZvlian principebs da maT swor
gamoyenebas.
TanamSromlisTvis Setyobineba
85
ganTavisuflebis mizezebi unda ganvixiloT TanamSromelTan erTad.
yvelanairad unda vecadoT SevamsubuqoT ganTavisflebis Sedegad
warmoSobili travma. TanamSromels unda ecnobos keTilsindisierad,
taqtianad am moqmedebis zusti mizezebi. aseTi gulwrfeloba daexmareba mas
gaigos problema da ganewyos konstruqciulad mis mimarT.
SeiZleba, menejers surdes, momavali ganTavisuflebis sakiTxi
ganixilos Sexvedraze Tavis kolegebTan erTad. Ees praqtika uzrunvelyofs,
rom menejerisTvis cnobili yvela mniSvnelovani konfidencialuri sakiTxi
daculi iyos. roca menejerebi fiqroben, rom Sexvedris Catareba aris
ganTavisuflebis sakiTxis ganxilvis erTaderTi swori gza, Semdegi
principebi dagexmarebaT ganxilvis ufro efeqturad warmarTvaSi:
1. midiT adgilze pirveli, ori-sami wuTiT adre, da logikurad
CamoayalibeT ganTavisuflebis yvela mizezi;
2. iyaviT pirdapiri da mtkice, Tumca taqtiani, da darCiT mtkice Tqvens
gadawyvetilebaSi;
3. ganxilva unda moxdes calke, unda iyos saqmiani da, amasTan,
lakoniuri;
4. ar aurioT kargi da cudi erTmaneTSi. problemis Serbileba
TanamSromlisTvis gaurkvevel Setyobinebas ganapirobebs;
5. Tavi SeikaveT braldebebisgan TanamSromlis winaaRmdeg da nu CarTavT
diskusiaSi pirad grZnobebs;
6. nu daasaxelebT raime pirovnul gansxvavebebs Tqvensa da
TanamSromels Soris;
7. miawodeT nebismieri informacia raime anazRaurebis gamoyofasa da
daxmarebasTan dakavSirebiT;
8. auxseniT, rogor unda marTos muSaoba momaval damsaqmeblebTan.
ganTavisuflebis gansaxilveli Sexvedrebi unda Catardes neitralur
adgilas, rogoricaa sakonferencio oTaxi, rom TanamSromelma ar igrZnos
misadmi usamarTlod moqceva. ganTavisuflebis ganxilvis dros
xelmZRvanelobam arasodes ar unda moaxdinos TanamSromelze provokacia,
TanamSromels ar unda misces saSualeba mtrulad ganewyos administraciis
mimarT. Tu agitaciis an Setevis raime niSnebi gamovlindeba, Sexvedra
dauyovnebliv unda Sewydes da ecnobos dacvas an adamianuri resursebis
departaments. erT-erTi samsaxuri aRniSnavs:
samuSao adgilis fataluri darRvevis umetesi SemTxvevebi xdeba
TanamSromlis ganTavisuflebis an sxvagvarad dasjis Semdeg. Uudavoa, rom
Tu pirovnebas ukve aqvs Zaladobis Cadenisadmi fsiqologiuri midrekileba,
disciplinaruli Sexvedra SeiZleba sakmaod daZabuli iyos. ufro metic,
damsaqmebelma unda uzrunvelyos, rom Sexvedra Catardes aseTi Sedegis
SesaZleblobis minimalizaciiT.
86
metad uCivian sasamarTloSi imis dasamtkiceblad, maTi ganTavisufleba
ganpirobebuli iyo Tu ara saqmianobasTan dakavSirebuli mizezebiT.
87
Secvla _ rogorc arCevani. 1991 wlis samoqalaqo uflebaTa aqtis 118-e
nawilic mxars uWers ADR principebs, maT Soris arbitraJis gamoyenebas.
zogierTi organizacia icavs am principebs, rogorc
TanamSromlebisTvis zeviT mimarTuli komunikaciis saSualebas da rogorc
samuSao Zalis xasiaTis Sefasebis saSualebas. sxvebi ki am sistemebs
miiCneven mcire problemebis mogvarebis saSualebad manam, sanam isini mTavar
sakiTxebad gadaiqceva, amgvarad, isini xels uwyoben TanamSromlis moralis
gaumjobesebasa da produqtiulobis gazrdas.
gasaCivrebis procedurebi, romlebic am TavSi ganixileba etapobrivi
ganxilvis sistemas warmoadgens. kolegebTan ganxilvis sistemas, momsmeni
moxelis gamoyenebas, Ria politikas, saxalxo damcveliT sargeblobas,
Suamavlobasa da arbitraJs.
88
konvenciuli etapobrivi ganxilvis saapelacio principi
89
imis gamo, rom uflebamosilebis Sesustebis eSiniaT. rogorc
samarTlianobis sistema, Ria karis politikac naklebi ndobiT sargeblobs
TanamSromlebSi. Tumca Ria karis politika xSirad warmatebulia, mas
mxars uWers yvela donis xelmZRvaneloba. am sistemiT menejeri cdilobs
SeinarCunos samarTlianisa da obieqturis reputacia.
Suamdgomloba
90
miukerZoebeli mesame mxaris kerZo ganxilva. Suamdgomlobis saSualebiT
Secvlili gadawyvetilebebi ukve misaRebia orive mxaris mier, amrigad, is
exmareba mxareebs sasurveli SromiTi urTierTobis damyarebaSi.
arbitraJi
91
kanonebTan da TanamSromelTa qcevasTan urTierToba menejeris
saqmianobis or sruliad gansxvavebul aspeqts warmoadgens. eTikuri
problemebi yovelTvis arsebobs TanamSromlebSi. sainteresoa, am bolo
drois gamokvlevam eTikuri sakiTxebi TanamSromlisa da ufrosis
urTierTobebSi, romelic daafinansa finansuri samsaxuris profesionalTa
sazogadoebam _ aCvena, rom damsaqmebelTa 97%-ma da TanamSromelTa 84%-ma
ganacxada, rom TanamSromlebisaTvis micemuli yalbi dapirebebi eTikis
yvelaze seriozuri darRvevaa ufrosebis mxridan. muSaobis periodSi
narkotikebis an alkoholis moxmareba da el.fostis borotad gamoyeneba
sxva TanamSromlis mimarT dasaxelda samsaxurebrivi eTikis darRvevis
yvelaze xSir SemTxvevebad. Cven gvjera, rom menejeruli eTika
TanamSromelTa urTierTobebSi moiTxovs patiosnebas TanamSromelsa da
menejers Soris yvelanair saqmeSi, agreTve ormxriv pativiscemas samuSao
valdebulebebis Sesrulebis dros.
Mmraval organizacias aqvs Tavisi eTikis kodeqsi, romelic awesrigebs
TanamSromlebsa da sazogadoebas Soris urTierTobebs. Ees kodeqsi
yuradRebas amaxvilebs eTikur Rirebulebebze da organizaciebsa da
calkeul menejerebs safuZvels uqmnis Seafason TavianTi gegmebi da
moqmedebebi. adamianuri resursebis departamentebs didi roli ekisrebaT
organizaciis Rirebulebebsa da standartebs Soris kavSiris
uzrunvelyofaSi, eTikis kodeqsTan Sesabamisobis SemowmebaSi, agreTve
organizaciaSi standartebis ganmtkicebaSi. amJamad organizaciebs aqvT
eTikis komitetebi da hyavT eTikis damcveli pirebi, raTa
TanamSromlebisTvis uzrunvelyon treningi eTikaSi. am treningis ZiriTadi
mizania TanamSromlebma Tavidan aacilon araeTikuri qceva da saziano
moqmedebebi; moipovon strategiuli upiratesoba, , sxva TanamSromlebs
moeqcnen samarTlianad da obieqturad da aRiqvan isini organizaciis
Rirseul wevrebad.
Mmokle mimoxilva
92
SeiZleba xeli SeuSalos TanamSromlis avtomatur ganTavisuflebas.
konstruqciuli ganTavisufleba xdeba, roca TanamSromeli Tavisi nebiT
wyvets muSaobas, magram Semdeg amtkicebs, rom igi iZulebuli gaxda wasuliyo
samsaxuridan autaneli samuSao pirobebis gamo, romelic Seuqmna
damsaqmebelma. TanamSromlebs SeuZliaT pretenzia ganacxadon, rom maT
samagieros uxdian, roca ufrosebi sjian maT TavianTi uflebebis
gamoyenebisTvis kanonis Tanaxmad an zianis miyenebisTvis sasamarTlo
kompensaciebis miRebisas.
amocana 3. TanamSromlebi moelian garkveul konfidencialurobis uflebebs
maT pirad saqmeebSi arasaTanado Carevisgan Tavis dasacavad. Ees uflebebi
iseT sakiTxebsac moicavs, rogoricaa narkotikebis gamoyeneba da
narkologiuri Semowmeba; gamokvlevebi da zedamxedveloba; arasamsaxurebrivi
piradi uflebebi; elfostis, internetisa da xmovani fostis gasaidumloeba
Dda genetikuri analizi.
amocana 4. adamianuri resursebis departamentma sxva menejerebTan erTad
unda SeimuSaos disciplinaruli strategia da politika. es xels Seuwyobs
politikis aRiarebasa da mis gamoyenebas. dasjis saWiroebis Sesamcireblad
organizaciis normebi da principebi farTod unda iyos cnobili, unda
gaformdes werilobiT da ganemartos TanamSromlebs. wesebi unda exebodes
organizaciis usafrTxo da efeqtur muSaobas. roca menejerebi akontroleben
wesebis moqmedebas, maT unda gamoiyenon isini, sanam dasjian TanamSromels.
amocana 5. termins disciplina sami mniSvneloba aqvs: dasja, wesrigi da
treningi TanamSromelTa qcevis Sesaxeb. roca viyenebT mas TanamSromelTan
mimarTebaSi, disciplina unda emsaxurebodes TanamSromlis arasasurveli
qcevis gamosworebas, da TanamSromels unda gauCinos TviTkontrolis
survili. Ddisciplinis mesame mniSvneloba SeiZleba miRweul iqnes mxolod
maSin, roca menejerebi TanamSromlis araswori saqcielis srul da
miukerZoebel gamoZiebas atareben. TanamSromlis araswori saqcielis
gamoZieba darRvevis Sesabamisi dokumentebiT damtkicebiT iwyeba. roca
menejerebi TanamSromlis problemebs ikvleven, maT zustad unda hqondeT
Seswavlili darRveva: icoda Tu ara TanamSromelma darRveuli wesis Sesaxeb,
arsebobs Tu ara Semamsubuqebeli garemoebebi, ramac SeiZleba gaamarTlos
TanamSromlis saqcieli. roca TanamSromeli unda daisajos, wesi unda
gadaixedos, amasTan ganxilul unda iqnes TanamSromlis ganvlili muSaobis
monacemebi.
amocana 6. disciplinisadmi ori midgoma arsebobs: progresuli disciplina
da pozitiuri disciplina. progresuli disciplina moicavs etapebis jgufebs,
rac damyarebulia koreqciuli moqmedebis xarisxis gazrdaze. gamoyenebuli
koreqciuli moqmedeba unda Seesabamebodes TanamSromlis darRvevis
kategorias, tips. Sexsenebebze dafuZnebuli pozitiuri disciplina aris
TanamSromlobiTi disciplinis mimarTuleba, romlis drosac TanamSromlebi
iReben pasuxismgeblobas qcevis gaumjobesebisTvis. mizani imaSi mdgomareobs,
rom aRmoifxvras TanamSromlis aradamakmayofilebeli saqmianoba, sanam
ukmayofiloba seriozul problemad gadaiqceva.
amocana 7. alternatiuli davis gadawyvetis principebis saSualebiT
TanamSromlebi Sesabamisi procesis uflebebs iyeneben. ADRs-s yvelaze zogadi
formebia etapobrivi ganxilvis sistema, Tanabari ganxilvis sistema, saxalxo
damcvelis sistema, Suamdgomloba da arbitraJi.
93
amocana 8. adamianuri resursebis menejmentSi eTika vrceldeba
TanamSromelTa marTvis samarTlebriv moTxovnebze. menejerebi eTikur
normebs icaven, roca TanamSromlebs eqcevian obieqturad da samarTlianad.
Sesabamisad, TanamSromlis piradi da samsaxurebrivi uflebebi daculia.
ZiriTadi terminebi
gansaxilveli sakiTxebi
1. gansazRvreT sami sfero, sadac TanamSromlis uflebebi da ufrosis
movaleobebi ewinaaRmdegeba erTmaneTs. rogor SeiZleba warmoiSvas es
konfliqti?
2. gansazRvreT Tavisufali dasaqmebis principebi. ra aris sasamarTlos
sami ZiriTadi gamonaklisi am dogmidan?
3. ra kanonmdeblobiTi da sasamarTlo SezRudvebi arsebobs
damsaqmeblis narkologiur SemowmebasTan dakavSirebiT kerZo da
saxelmwifo seqtorSi?
4. Tu Tqven mogTxoves disciplinis Sesaxeb politikis SemuSaveba, ra
sakiTxebs gaaerTianebT am politikaSi?
5. ra unda iyos sagamoZiebo gasaubrebis mizani da rogor
damokidebulebas unda mivmarToT misi Catarebis dros?
6. ganixileT, Tu ratom aris mniSvnelovani dokumentacia
disciplinaruli procesisTvis. ra Sedis swor dokumentaciaSi?
7. aRwereT progresuli da pozitiuri disciplina da aRniSneT
gansxvaveba am or mimarTulebas Soris;
8. rogor fiqrobT, ras unda moicavdes efeqturi alternatiuli davis
mogvarebis sistema? ra Sedegebs eliT aseTi sistemisgan? Tu Tqven
gTxoves daareguliroT ganTavisuflebis SemTxveva, ra faqtebs
ganixilavT gadawyvetilebis misaRebad: mxars dauWerT Tu uaryofT
damsaqmeblis moqmedebas?
94
9. marto an gundSi muSaobis dros gansazRvreT eTikuri problemebi,
romlebic warmoiSoba muSaobis procesSi da exeba Semdeg sakiTxebs:
sxvadsxva sferoSi adamianuri resursebis SerCevas, saqmianobis
Sefasebas, usafrTxoebasa da jandacvas, pirad uflebebs da
kompensacias.
daniSnuleba
95
winamdebare SemTxveva gviCvenebs TanamSromlis pirad pretenzias da
xelmZRvanelobis uflebas kompaniis reputaciis SesanarCuneblad.
2002 wlis 6 maiss, orSabaTs, ganTavisuflebamde jon hilardi
muSaobda gayidvebis ufros warmomadgenlad kompaniaSi saukeTeso saswavlo
masalebi (Advanced Educational Materials) (AEM), iyo maRalxarisxiani saswavlo
wignebisa da umcros- da ufrosklasebisaTvis saswavlo nivTebis
mimwodebeli. Mmisi Tormetwliani muSaobis periodSi jonis aRiarebdnen,
rogorc gamorCeul TanamSromels mWidro samuSao urTierTobebiT
skolebTan, romlebTanac TanamSromlobda. Mmisi gayidvebis monacemebi
saukeTeso iyo. jonis ganTavisufleba ganapiroba, rogorc AEM-m ganacxada,
TanamSromlebis moqmedebis kodeqsis seriozulma darRvevam.
2002 wlis 4 maiss, SabaTs, jonisa da misi menejeris, jin elisonis,
SemTxveviTi Sexvedris dros, menejerma SeamCnia, rom joni gamovida
zrdasrulTa videokasetebis maRaziidan da raRac eWira xelSi. rogorc
menejeri aRwers, pornografiuli Jurnalebi da pornofilmis kaseta iyo.
Semdeg orSabaTs jinma ganixila es SemTxveva AEM-is adamianuri resursebis
warmomadgenelTan da gayidvebis viceprezidentTan. Yyvela daeTanxma, rom
jonis qceva kompaniis TanamSromelTa qcevis kodeqsis seriozul darRvevas
warmoadgenda, rac SemdegSi mdgomareobs: TanamSromlis samsaxuris gareT
qceva aranairad ar unda aisaxos cudad kompaniaze, mis TanamSromlebze, an
saswavlo masalebis gayidvebze. AEM tradiciulad aiZulebda gayidvebis
warmoadgenlebs maRali moraluri standartebis dacvas, radgan kompania
masalebs awvdida sajaro skolis administratorebsa da pedagogebs.
Mmisi ganTavisuflebis Sexvedraze jonim mkacrad uaryo, gaaprotesta
Tavisi gagdeba. igi amtkicebda, rom rac man gaakeTa samsaxurisgan Tavisufal
dros, es kompaniis saqme ar iyo da misi moqmedeba cudad ar aisaxa AEM-ze an
misi produqtebis gayidvebze. garda amisa, man ganacxada: Sesyidvebi
xorcieldeboda, rogorc anegdotebi dauqorwinebelTa wveulebaze.
kiTxvebi:
1. mocemuli SemTxvevis faqtebis gaTvaliswinebiT unda
gaeTavisuflebinaT joni Tu ara? pasuxi axseniT.
2. AEM-is gayidvebis warmomadgenlebs moeTxovebaT Tu ara piradi
qcevis ufro maRali standartebis dacva, vidre sxva tipis
organizaciebis gayidvebis warmomadgenlebs? pasuxi axseniT.
3. xelmZRvanelobas unda ganexila Tu ara jonis ganvlili muSaobis
monacemebi ganTavisuflebis Sesaxeb gadawyvetilebis miRebamde?
pasuxi axseniT.
96
rom daerRvia is. Nnarkotikebis Sesaxeb politika yvela TanamSromlisTvis
cnobili iyo, _ ganacxada valtonma. narkotikebis moxmarebaSi eWvmitanilma
TanamSromlebma unda waradginon narkologiuri Semowmebis analizi maSin,
roca ufrosi moiTxovs amas. Tu TanamSromlebs SeuZliaT gaikeTon analizi,
roca maT undaT, maSin Cven verasodes gamoviWerT narkomanebs. Kkompania
ADR-is SemTxvevaSi, TanamSromelma jeri baTlerma upasuxa: isini ver
gamagdeben! Mme uari vTqvi analizis gakeTebaze, radganac saavadmyofoSi
viweqi.Aamas garda, cudad gavxdi distrofiis gamo, rac gamoiwvia
gadaWarbebulma sicxem shop floor. Si. meore dRes gavikeTe analizi. valtonma
upasuxa: rogorc CvenTvis cnobilia, jerim uari Tqva analizis gakeTebaze
da es sakmarisia CvenTvis. aranairi damatebiTi gamoZieba ar aris saWiro.
zogierTi wamali organizmidan gamodis sakmaod swrafad. Cven dauyovneblad
gvWirdeba analizi.
es problema warmoiSva, roca orma TanamSromelma SeamCnia, rom
TanamSromelTa oTaxSi jeri baTlers TeTri fxvnili eWira cxvirTan. isini
daeWvdnen saSiSi nivTierebis moxmarebaSi da es SemTxveva valtons moaxsenes.
ori dRis Semdeg baTlers mosTxoves waredgina narkologiuri Semowmebis
analizi, maSin roca igi distrofiis gamo iwva adgilobriv saavadmyofoSi.
Mman Tqva, rom Zalian cudad iyo da uari ganacxada analizze. man eqims
auxsna, rom ar SeeZlo analizis gakeTeba avadmyofobis gamo. momdevno dRes
baTlerma gaikeTa analizi da miiRo dadebiTi pasuxi, Tumca kompaniam uari
ganacxada xelaxla ganexila misi ganTavisuflebis gadawyvetileba.
dakiTxvaze jeri baTlerma aseve ganacxada, rom kompaniam igi imitom gaagdo,
rom kompensacia ar gadaexadaT.
kiTxvebi:
1. Tqven rom gangexilaT es SemTxveva, rogor gadawyvetilebas
miiRebdiT? axseniT srulyofilad.
2. sxva ra informacia iqneboda saWiro am sakiTxis gadaWrisas?
3. qmnis Tu ara kompania eTikur problemebs, roca is TanamSromlebi
jeri baTleris winaaRmdeg mowmeebad gamohyavs? axseniT
srulyofilad.
danarTi
97
urTierToba dasaxmareblis problemebis mogvarebis mTavari saSualebaa,
damxmaris rCeva-darigebis gamoyenebiT. rCevis micemiT SegviZlia davexmaroT
TanamSromlebs piradi problemebis mogvarebaSi, rogoricaa: susti
janmrTeloba, narkotikebis an alkoholis moxmareba, ojaxuri problemebi an
finansuri problemebi; rCeva aseve SeiZleba gamoviyenoT samsaxurebrivi
problemebis mosagvareblad. saCivrebis Sesamcireblad yvelaze efeqturi
saSualebaa davexmaroT TanamSromlebs, raTa iyvnen gaxsnilebi.
moTxovnebi, moTxovnebi,
grZnobebi, grZnobebi,
problemebi, problemebi,
Sexedulebebi, Sexedulebebi,
miswrafebebi, miswrafebebi,
gancdebi gancdebi
98
1. Cven ar gvesmis, ras grZnobs meore adamiani da Cven unda mivxvdeT mis
azrs;
2. Cven gvjera, rom rasac ambobs, is ise mniSvnelovani ar aris, rogorc
is, rac ar uTqvams;
3. meore adamiani iseTi dabneulia, rom SeuZlebelia naTeli informaciis
miReba.
pirdapiri rCeva-darigeba
99
Aarapirdapiri rCeva-darigeba
aradireqtiuli (arapirdapiri) rCeva-darigebis dros TanamSromels
aqvs maqsimaluri Tavisufleba gansazRvros saubris mimdinareoba. Sefasebis
gareSe mosmenis, rogorc komunikaciis, mniSvneloba metad didia. is aris
mTavari teqnika, romelic gamoiyeneba arapirdapiri rCeva-darigebis dros.
ZiriTadad unda mousmino da gaugo TanamSromels, kritikisa da Sefasebis
gareSe, rogorc igi aRwers problemas. menejeri Tavisi damokidebulebiTa
da reaqciiT amxnevebs TanamSromels, rac man Tqva an ar Tqva, rac emociebiT
gamoxata sircxvilis an aRelvebis gareSe.
Tavisufali gamoxatva ganusazRvreli damokidebulebis dros amcirebs
daZabulobas da imedgacruebas. TanamSromels, romelsac SeeZlo Seekavebina
emociebi, Cveulebriv ukeTesi SesaZlebloba hqonda ufro obieqturad
ganexila problema da moegvarebina is. liberaluri atmosfero
TanamSromels saSualebas aZlevs gaigos problema Tavisi sirTuleebiT da
gansazRvros perspeqtiva, raTa miaRwios sasurvel gadawyvetilebas.
monawileobiTi rCeva-darigeba
gansazRvruli da ganusazRvreli midgomebi aSkarad ukiduresobebis
kavSirs warmoadgens. radganac konkretuli profesionali mrCeveli
SeiZleba am kavSiris erT boloSi iyos an meoreSi, menejerTa umetesoba
sxvadasxva damokidebulebas irCevs saubris mimdinareobis mixedviT. bevri
irCevs saSualo damokidebulebas, roca orive mxare erTad afasebs
dagegmvis procesSi, Tu konkretuli problema rogor unda ganixilos da
gadawydes. es mimarTuleba, romelic SeiZleba CavTvaloT, rogorc
monawileobiTi midgoma, gansakuTrebiT Sesaferisia SromiT organizaciebSi
gamosayeneblad.
Mmravali problema, romelsac menejerebi da supervaizerebi awydebian,
moiTxovs ara marto TanamSromlebis gancdebis gagebas, aramed imasac, rom
TanamSromlebi gaerkvnen da mxari unda dauWiron xelmZRvanelobis
molodinebs, raTa isini iyvnen produqtiulebi, pasuxismgeblobis mqoneebi
da pativi scen erTmaneTs. meore mxriv, problemis mqone adamianTa
umetesobas urCevnia aqtiurad iyos Cabmuli gadawyvetilebis miRebaSi, Tu
isini xvdebian, rom SesaZlebelia moqmedebis dadebiTad ganviTareba. mraval
samsaxurebriv situaciaSi, rodesac rCeva-darigebas iyeneben, monawileobiTi
damokidebuleba rekomendebulia calkeul adamianebTan muSaobis dros
garkveuli periodis ganmavlobaSi. Tumca sxvadasxva dros, calkeuli
saubrebis procesSi sasurvelia gamoviyenoT orive gansazRvruli da
ganusazRvreli.
100
zogierT SemTxvevaSi, roca rCeva-darigebas ar mohyveba Sedegi, aucilebelia
sxva zomebis miReba, rogoricaa dasja an ganTavisufleba.
vinaidan menejers an supervaizers SeiZleba ar SeeZlos an dro ar
hqondes TanamSromelTa ufro meti piradi problemebis mosagvareblad, unda
iqnes SemuSavebuli sistema, Tu rogor unda daexmaron mrCevlebi
TanamSromlebs. zogjer problema iseT sferos miekuTvneba, romelzedac
zedamxedvels naklebi gavlena aqvs an saerTod ar SeuZlia gavlenis
moxdena. aseTia, magaliTad, saojaxo urTierTobebi. am SemTxvevaSi
sasurveli iqneba zedamxedvelma urCios, rom TanamSromelma mimarTos
kompetentur, profesional mrCevels. Cveulebriv adamianuri resursebis
departamenti valdebulia gagzavnos TanamSromlebi specialistebTan,
romlebic kompetenturni da licenzirebulni arian aseTi momsaxurebis
gansaxorcieleblad.
101
urTierTobebis process, SromiT organizaciebSi TanamSromelTa
gaerTianebis mizezebs da aseve ganixilavs SromiTi kavSirebis
struqturasa da xelmZRvanelobas. mniSvnelovania, rom Sromis samarTlis
Tanaxmad, roca damtkicebulia, rom profkavSirma molaparakeba unda
awarmoos wevrebTan, man unda warmoadginos isini yvela ganyofilebaSi
Tanabrad, mniSvneloba ara aqvs, romeli TanamSromeli rodis SeuerTda an
ganTavisuflda wevrobidan. am Tavis ukanasknel nawilSi Cven ganvixilavT
kontraqtis regulirebis mniSvnelovan sakiTxebs, kerZod, TanamSromelTa
saCivrebis mogvarebasa da arbitraJs. es Tavi aseve exeba SromiTi
organizaciebis Tanamedrove problemebs.
PprofkavSirebsa da sxva organizaciebs SeuZliaT mniSvnelovani
gavlena moaxdinon menejerTa SesaZleblobebze, warmarTon da akontrolon
adamianuri resursebis menejmentis sxvadasxva funqciebi. magaliTad,
profkavSiris xelmZRvanelobis debulebebma SromiT xelSekrulebaSi
SeiZleba gansazRvros, Tu vin SeirCeva samuSao dawinaurebisTvis an
treningis programebisTvis. anazRaurebis sakiTxi SeiZleba ganisazRvros
profkavSiris molaparakebebiT, an kavSirebma SeiZleba wamoayenon
SezRudvebi xelmZRvanelobis mier TanamSromelTa Sefasebis meTodebTan
dakavSirebiT. mniSvnelovania, rom menejerebma kargad ician, rogor muSaoben
kavSirebi orive SemTxvevaSi profkavSirebis arsebobisas anda
araprofkavSirul garemoSi. SromiTi urTierTobebis maregulirebeli
kompetenturi organosTvis mTlianad cnobilia es sakiTxi. daimaxsovreT,
SromiTi kanonmdeblobis ugulebelyofa ar warmoadgens dacvas, roca
menejerebi da zedamxedvelebi arRveven SromiT kanons. sanam ganagrZobdeT
kiTxvas, SeamowmeT Tqveni codna SromiTi urTierTobebis kanonis Sesaxeb da
upasuxeT kiTxvebs, romlebic mocemulia HRM 1-Si.
HRM 1
SeamowmeT Tqveni codna SromiTi urTierTobebis Sesaxeb
1. avtoSemkeTebelma samuSaosTvis mimarTa avtomobilebiT movaWre
kompanias. Mmas uari uTxres misi kavSiris wevrobis gamo. iyo Tu ara
damsaqmeblis moqmedeba samarTliani?
Ddiax ----- ara -----
2. dasaqmebis periodSi zedamxedvelebma hkiTxes calkeul TanamSromlebs
kavSirze maTi Sexedulebebis Sesaxeb. dasaSvebia Tu ara aseTi kiTxvis
dasma?
Ddiax ----- ara -----
3. roca kavSiris wevrebma daiwyes profkavSiris niSnebis tareba
samsaxurSi, xelmZRvanelobam brZaneba gasca moexsnaT isini. hqonda Tu
ara xelmZRvanelobas amis ufleba?
Ddiax ----- ara -----
4. dasaqmebis periodSi ufrosi daTanxmda (socialuri Jestis
gasakeTeblad), rom TanamSromlebs uzrunvelyofda gamagrilebeli
sasmelebiT dResaswaulebze. moqmedebda Tu ara Ddamsaqmebeli kanonis
farglebSi?
Ddiax ----- ara -----
5. kompaniam gaanawila sxva kavSiris wevrebi im adgilSi, sadac
ganmcxadeblebi iyvnen kavSiris mxardamWerebi. iyo Tu ara ganawileba
samarTliani?
102
Ddiax ----- ara -----
6. kavSiris organizebis dros Servo Pipe-is mesakuTre dahpirda Tavis
TanamSromlebs xelfasis gazrdas, Tu isini xmas miscemdnen
konkretul gaerTianebas. mesakuTres SeeZlo Tu ara mesakuTres
kanonierad am dapirebis micema TanamSromlebisTvis?
Ddiax ----- ara -----
7. TanamSromlebs aqvT ufleba wamoayenon ukanono SromiTi praqtikis
braldebebi TavianTi kavSiris winaaRmdeg.
Ddiax ----- ara -----
8. kavSiris survili, gaasaCivros wevris ukmayofileba, romelic
xelmZRvanelobam gamoavlina, sruliad usafuZvloa. Uunda gaasaCivros
xelmZRvanelobam es saCivari Tu ara?
Ddiax ----- ara -----
9. jon grins, meqanikoss, muSaobis cudi monacemebi aqvs. xelmZRvanelobas
surs gaaTavisuflos igi; Tumca grini kavSiris mmarTvelia da
kompaniis mimarT kritikuladaa ganwyobili. aqvs Tu ara
xelmZRvanelobas am TanamSromlis kanonierad ganTavisuflebis
ufleba?
D diax ----- ara -----
10. organizaciis kampaniis dros ofismenejerma gamoxata Zlieri
antiprofkavSiruli Sexedulebebi da profkavSiris moxeleebs uwoda
banditebi, didi simyrale da radikalebis jgufi. im TanamSromlebs,
romlebic SeuerTdnen kavSirs, man uTxra, rom maT TavianTi Tavi unda
akontrolon. iyo Tu ara samarTliani menejeris komentari?
diax ----- ara -----
pasuxebi mocemulia Tavis boloSi.
103
rkinigzis SromiTi aqti (RLA)
vagneris aqti
104
TanamSromlebisTvis me-7 nawilis uflebebis uzrunvelsayofad,
kongresma kanongareSed gamoacxada damsaqmebelTa specialuri praqtikebi,
romlebic uaryofda TanamSromelTa kanonis upiratesobas. aqtis me-8
nawilSi mocemulia xuTi ukanono SromiTi praqtika (ULPs), romlebic
qvemoTaa warmodgenili:
1. me-7 nawiliT miniWebuli uflebebis gamoyenebaSi Careva, maTi
SezRudva, an TanamSromelTa iZuleba;
2. batonoba an Careva nebismieri SromiTi organizaciis CamoyalibebaSi
an marTvaSi, misi finansuri an sxvagvari mxardaWera;
3. diskriminireba daqiravebasTan an muSaobasTan, muSaobis pirobebTan
an vadasTan dakavSirebiT, ise rom xeli Seuwyos an SeuSalos SromiT
organizaciaSi wevrobas;
4. ganTavisufleba an sxvagvari diskriminacia TanamSromlebis
winaaRmdeg imis gamo, rom isini ayeneben braldebebs an aZleven
Cvenebas am aqtis Tanaxmad;
5. TanamSromelTa saTanadod arCeul warmomadgenlebTan erTad
koleqtiuri molaparakebebis warmoebis uaryofa.
taft-harTlis aqti
105
radganac kavSirebis molaparakebebis uflebamosileba mniSvnelovnad
gaizarda vagneris aqtis Semdeg, kavSirebze garkveuli SezRudvebi
aucilebeli gaxda. 1947 wlis taft-harTlis aqtma (igi cnobilia agreTve,
rogorc profkavSirisa da menejmentis aqti) gansazRvra kavSiris ukanono
qmedebebi (maqinaciebi). Ees qmedebebia:
1. TanamSromelTa SezRudva an iZuleba TavianTi uflebebis gamoyenebaSi;
2. damsaqmeblebis SezRudva an iZuleba mxareebis SerCevaSi, raTa
molaparakebebi awarmoon maT sasargeblod;
3. damsaqmebelTa darwmuneba, moaxdinon diskriminacia maTi romelime
TanamSromlis winaaRmdeg;
4. damsaqmebelTan erTad koleqtiur SeTanxmebaze uaris Tqma;
5. boikotebsa da iurisdiqciul davebSi monawileoba;
6. mcdeloba damsaqmeblisgan moipovon aRiareba, roca sxva kavSiri ukve
warmoadgens damtkicebul warmomadgenlobas;
7. gadaWarbebuli sawevro gadasaxadebisa da Senatanebis braldeba;
8. frTovani praqtikebi, romlebic moiTxovs xelfasis gadaxdas
Seusrulebeli momsaxurebisTvis.
landrum-grifinis aqti
106
debuleba aris profkavSiris wevrebis uflebebis kanonproeqti, romelic
moiTxovs, rom kavSiris yovel wevrs unda mieniWos ufleba (1) daasaxelos
kandidatebi kavSiris samsaxurisTvis, (2) xma misces kavSiris arCevnebsa da
referendumebSi, (3) daeswros kavSiris Sexvedrebs da (4) monawileoba miiRos
kavSiris SexvedrebSi da mxari dauWiros kavSiris saqmianobas. kavSiris
wevrebs aseve eniWebaT ufleba Seamowmon kavSiris angariSebi da Canawerebi,
raTa daazuston kavSiris angariSebis informacia da wamoayenon saCivari
kavSiris moxelis winaaRmdeg saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi kavSiris Tanxebis
dasacavad. ufro metic, aqtis Tanaxmad kavSirebs moeTxovebaT yovel wels
warudginon finansuri angariSi Sromis mdivans, da damsaqmeblebma unda
uCvenon yvela xarji, romelic gaweul iqna maTi SeTanxmebebis uflebebis
gamoyenebaSi.
107
midis kontraqtamde
ekonomikuri moTxovnebi
uTanxmoeba xelmZRvanelobasTan
TanamSromlebi SeiZleba gaerTiandnen, roca isini acnobiereben, rom
menejeruli qmedebebi dawinaurebasTan, gadasvlebTan, davalebebTan an sxva
samsaxurebriv strategiebTan dakavSirebiT usamarTlod an mikerZoebulad
xorcieldeba. TanamSromlebi menejerebis mier gamoxatul favoritizms
asaxeleben, rogorc kavSirebSi gaerTianebis mTavar mizezs. es
108
gansakuTrebiT gamarTlebulia, roca favoritizmi exeba adamianuri
resursebis disciplinis, dawinaurebisa da xelfasebis gazrdis sferoebs.
Cven aRvniSneT, rom dRes TanamSromlebi ukeTesad arian
informirebulni, vidre warsulSi da isini xSirad gamoTqvamen survils, rom
ufro metad CaerTon samsaxurebrivi gadawyvetilebebis miRebaSi.
me-3 Tavi ganixilavs TanamSromelTa uflebamosilebis cnebas da aSuqebs
TanamSromelTa CarTvis sxvadasxvagvar xerxebs. roca damsaqmeblebi ver
aZleven TanamSromlebs SesaZleblobas monawileoba miiRon
gadawyvetilebebis miRebaSi, romlebic gavlenas axdenen maT keTildReobaze,
aman SeiZleba xeli Seuwyos profkavSirSi gaerTianebas. Rrmad swamT, rom
erT-erTi mizezi, ris gamoc menejerebi iwyeben TanamSromelTa CarTvis
programebs da mxars uWeren TavanT TanamSromlebs, aris is, rom Tavidan
aicilon koleqtiuri qmedeba TanamSromlebis mier. magaliTad,
xelmZRvaneloba iyenebs naxevargamtarebis, \finansur da avtoindustriebSi
TanamSromlobiT programebSi TanamSromlebis CarTvas, rogorc
gaerTianebis xelisSemSleli saSualebas. nisanis sawarmoSi avtomuSakebis
gaerTianebis organizebis erT-erTi mcdelobis dros kavSirma waago
arCevnebi, radgan TanamSromlebi kmayofilni iyvnen, rom monawileoba miiRes
gadawyvetilebis miRebaSi, risi saSualebac nisanis xelmZRvanelobis
monawileobiTma stilma misca maT.
Kkampaniebis organizeba
roca TanamSromels surs gaerTianeba, formaluri organizebis
kampania SeiZleba daiwyos kavSiris organizatorma an TanamSromlebma,
romlebic damoukideblad moqmedeben. cnobili Sexedulebis sapirispirod,
organizebis kampaniebis umravlesobas iwyeben TanamSromlebi da ara
kavSiris organizatorebi. did erovnul kavSirebs, rogoricaa United Auto
Workers, United Brotherhood of Carpenters, United Steelworkers, Teamsters, aqvT
formaluri organizebis ganyofilebebi, romelTa mizania gansazRvron
organizebis SesaZleblobebi da daiwyon organizebis kampaniebi.
Oorganizebis etapebi
109
warmomadgenlobamde. organizebis procesi, rogorc moseri aRwers,
Cveulebriv moicavs Semdeg etapebs:
1. TanamSromlisa da profkavSiris dakavSireba-kontaqti;
2. organizaciis pirveli Sexvedra;
3. organizaciis Sida komitetis Camoyalibeba;
4. saarCevno moTxovna da xmis micemis momzadeba;
5. molaparakebebi kontraqtis Sesaxeb.
110
warmomadgenels. Dda axla daiwyeba kontraqtze molaparakebebi; es
molaparakebebi warmoadgens kidev erT brZolas kavSirsa da damsaqmebels
Soris. Mmolaparakebebis periodSi TiToeuli mxare Seecdeba muSaobis
pirobebi miusadagos Tavis Tanamdebobas. Sida organizebis komitetis
wevrebi da kavSiris organizatori Seecdebian miaRwion TanamSromelTa
pirvel SeTanxmebas. daaxloebiT oTxi kavSiris kampaniidan erT kavSirs ar
SeuZlia uzrunvelyos pirveli SeTanxmeba warmomadgenlobiTi arCevnebis
mogebis Semdeg. Tu kavSiri ver miaRwevs SeTanaxmebas arCevnebis mogebis
Semdeg erTi wlis manZilze, maSin taft-harTlis aqti nebas aZlevs
TanamSromlebs xma ar miscen NLRB-s daudasturebeli arCevnebis
saSualebiT.
111
4. saerTo kampaniebi. kavSirebma SeiZleba gadmoibiron politikuri an
sazogadoebrivi jgufebi samizne kompaniis produqtebis boikotisTvis.
sxva taqtika moicavs sagazeTo gamocemebs, romlebic akritikeben
kompaniis konkretul gadawyvetilebebs; braldebebs uyeneben
administraciul uwyebebs, rogoricaa OSHA, Sromis departamenti da
NLRB, da aiZuleben organizaciis finansur institucias SeaCeron
sesxebi an moiTxovon gadasaxadebi. Aam bolo strategiis dros, Sromis
kavSirebma TxovniT mimarTes fasiani qaRaldebisa da birJis komisias,
raTa gamoekvlia, ratom ver awvdian kompaniebi mniSvnelovan finansur
informacias aqcionerebs. 2002 wels wyalsadenis SemkeTeblebis
gaerTianebulma asociaciam waradgina mewiles gadawyvetileba volt
disneis kompaniaSi Tavisi da sami sxva kavSiris saxeliT, romlebic
floben disneis aqciebs 93 milion dolars. maT mouwodes kompanias
winadadebiT Seewyvita sakonsultacio samuSaos micema misi
auditorisTvis _ fraisvoTahauskooperisTvis.
5. sainformacio teqnologia. Eelfosta da interneti ufro da ufro
swrafad xdebian kavSiris efeqturi saSualebebi. internetiT
TanamSromlebs xeli miuwvdebaT calkeuli kavSirebis vebgverdebTan,
kavSiris wevrobis msurvelTa gancxadebebTan da a. S. informaciuli
kavSirebi cdiloben kompiuteris teqnologia gamoiyenon organizebis
saqmianobis yvela aspeqtSi.
HRM 2
gaerTianebuli kvebisa da komerciuli muSakebi
saerTaSoriso kavSiris uflebamosilebis baraTi
uflebamosileba warmomadgenlobisTvis
me uflebamosilebas vaniWeb gaerTianebuli kvebisa da komerciuli muSakebis
saerTaSoriso kavSirs _ AFL-CIO-CLC, an mis adgilobriv kavSirs (kavSirebs)
iyos Cemi warmomadgeneli koleqtiuri SeTanxmebebisTvis.
112
__________________________________________________________________
(dabeWdili saxeli) (TariRi)
____________________________________ _____________________
(xelmowera) (saxlis telefonis nomeri)
__________________________________________________________________
(misamarTi) (qalaqi) (qveyana) (safosto kodi)
_________________________________________________________________
(damsaqmeblis saxelwodeba) (misamarTi)
______________________ ______________________ _____________
(daqiravebis TariRi) (Sesasrulebeli samuSaos saxeoba) (ganyofileba)
______________ _______________
(saaTebi) (dasvenebis dReebi)
dRis cvla ----- Ramis cvla ---- sruli ganakveTi----- naxevari ganakveTi ---
113
ar SeuZlia SesTavazos TanamSromels axali, gaumjobesebuli pirobebi an
maRali xelfasebi, raTa mxari dauWiron araprofkavSirs. HRM 3-Si
warmodgenilia zogierTi RonisZieba, romelic menejerebi an zedamxedvelebi
ar unda Caerion.
HRM 3
114
ofisis teqnikuri personalisTvis, yvela sxva araprofesionalisa da dacvis
TanamSromlebisTvis.
115
xelmZRvanelobis prerogativebis problemebi
Cveulebriv profkavSiri cdilobs ufro metad miiRos monawileoba
xelmZRvanelobis gadawyvetilebebis miRebaSi, rac gavlenas axdens maT
wevrebze. es gadawyvetilebebi SeiZleba moicavdes iseT sakiTxebs,
rogoricaa samuSaos, produqtiulobis standartebisa da samuSaos Sinaarsis
gacnoba. damsaqmeblebi sakmaod bunebrivad asaxeleben mraval amgvar
gadawyvetilebas, rogorc maTi eqskluziuri xelmZRvanelobis prerogativas
gadawyvetilebebs, razec xelmZRvaneloba eqskluziuri uflebebis
pretenzias acxadebs. Tumca es prerogativebi problemebs qmnis da iwvevs
kavSiris winaaRmdegobas. maT SeiZleba ikamaTon molaparakebis magidasTan
Seuracxmyofeli formiT da gaficvebis muqariT.
HRM 4
NLRB-s saarCevno posteri
Setyobineba TanamSromlebisTvis
SromiTi urTierTobebis erovnuli sabWo
116
sasurvelia Tqvenma damsaqmebelma gamoacxados es Setyobineba, ise rom
SromiTi urTierTobebis erovnulma sabWom SeZlos gacnoboT Tqven ZiriTadi
uflebebis Sesaxeb SromiTi urTierTobebis erovnuli aqtis Sesabamisad.
Tqven gaqvT ufleba federaluri kanonis Tanaxmad:
TviTorganizebis;
CamoayaliboT, SeuerTdeT an daexmaroT SromiT organizaciebs;
koleqtiurad awarmooT SeTanxmebebi Tqveni arCeuli warmomadgenlebis
saSualebiT;
erTad imuSaoT koleqtiuri SeTanxmebebis an sxva ormxrivi
daxmarebisa da dacvisaTvis;
uari TqvaT nebismier an yvela saqmeze, Tu saxelmwifoSi, sadac aseTi
SeTanaxmebebi dasaSvebia, profkavSiri da damsaqmebeli ar deben
kanonieri kavSiris dacvis xelSekrulebas, romelic moiTxovs
TanamSromlebisgan gadaixadon periodulad sawevro gadasaxadi da
sainiciativo gadasaxadebi. Tu TanamSromeli ar aris profkavSiris
wevri da acnobebs profkavSirs, rom is winaaRmdegia gamoiyenon misi
gadasaxadebi arawarmomadgenlobiTi miznebisTvis, SeiZleba misgan
moiTxovon, rom gadaixados mxolod kavSiris xarjebis nawili,
gankuTvnili warmomadgenlobiTi saqmianobisaTvis (rogoricaa
koleqtiuri molaparakebebi, kontraqtis marTva da darRvevebis
mowesrigeba).
117
fizikuri Zalis gamoyenebiT an ZaladobiT damuqreba TanamSromlebis
mimarT kavSiris an damsaqmeblis mier, xmebis mopovebis mizniT.
118
TiToeuls aqvs arsebobis sakuTari mizani, iseve rogorc muSaobis
strategia da meTodebi.
119
Seasworon konstituciebi da irCeven moxeleebs. erovnuli kavSiris
prezidenti pasuxismgebelia mTlianad kavSirebis marTvaze da is did
gavlenas axdens (Tu ar akontrolebs) kavSiris strategiasa da
mimarTulebaze.
Eerovnuli kavSiri Tavisi konstituciis saSualebiT ayalibebs
normebsa da pirobebs, romelTa mixedviTac imarTeba adgilobrivi kavSirebi.
Eerovnuli kavSirebis umetesobas aqvs debulebebi, romlebic awesrigebs
sawevro Senatanebs, gawevrianebis gadasaxadebsa da adgilobrivi
organizaciebis Sida administracias. Eerovnulma profkavSirebma SeiZleba
moiTxovon, rom damsaqmeblebis SromiT xelSekrulebebSi Sediodes
konkretuli standartis debulebebi. magaliTad, standartuli kontraqtis
pirobebi usafrTxoebis, darRvevis procedurebis, TanamSromelTa da
xelmZRvanelobis uflebebis Sesaxeb. am kontrolis sanacvlod isini uweven
profesiul da finansur daxmarebas organizebisa da gaficvebis dros da
exmarebian administraciasa da SromiTi SeTanxmebebis molaparakebebSi,
agreTve administraciaSi. Eerovnuli kavSiris mier uzrunvelyofili sxva
momsaxurebebia: (1) kavSiris liderebis treningi, (2) kanonieri daxmareba, (3)
politikuri saqmianobis xelmZRvaneloba, (4) saganmanaTleblo da
socialuri urTierTobebis programebi, (5) kavSiris wevrebis
disciplinireba.
120
PprofkavSiris warmomadgeneli SeiZleba CavTvaloT, rogorc
Suamavali adamiani, romelic momwyvdeulia sawinaaRmdego interesebsa da
jgufebs Soris. Aar SeiZleba vivaraudoT, rom warmomadgenlebi yovelTvis
daicaven wevrebs da angariSs ar gauweven menejerul amocanebs.
profkavSiris warmomadgenlebi xSirad windaxeduli pirovnebebi arian,
romlebic muSaoben TanamSromlebisa da organizaciis mdgomareobis
gaumjobesebisTvis. aseve zedamxedvelebi da menejerebi yvela doneze
amyareben samuSao urTierTobebs warmomadgenelTan da kavSiris yvela
moxelesTan. am urTierTobas SeiZleba didi mniSvneloba hqondes kavSirisa
da xelmZRvanelobis efeqturi TanamSromlobisaTvis. TanamSromelTa
moralisaTvis.
121
saxelmwifo mosamsaxurea gaerTianebuli profkavSirebSi an TanamSromelTa
asociaciebSi. isini Seadgenen mTavrobis moxeleTa daaxloebiT 40 procents.
profkavSiris wevrTa raodenobis bolo monacemebi aCveneben, rom udidesi
SromiTi organizaciebi warmoadgenen TanamSromlebs saxelmwifo seqtorSi
erovnuli saganmanaTleblo asociacia (2.7 milioni wevri), maswavlebelTa
amerikuli federacia (900.000 wevri) da saxelmwifo, qveynis da
municipalitetis TanamSromlebi (1.3 milioni wevri). radganac
maswavleblebis, policielebis, mexanZreebis da saxelmwifo moxeleebis
profkavSirebisa da asociaciebis masStabebi gaizarda da gazarda
politikuri Zalauflebac, isini iTxoven imave uflebebs SeTanxmebisTvis da
imave pirobebs, rac kerZo seqtoris TanamSromlebs aqvT.
Mmiuxedavad imisa, rom saxelmwifo da kerZo seqtoris koleqtiur
molaparakebebs mravali saerTo Tviseba aqvs, mainc bevri faqtori
ganasxvavebs am or seqtors erTmaneTisgan. P pirveli, aq ar aris erovnuli
kanonebi, romlebic marTavs saxelmwifo seqtoris SromiT urTierTobebs,
erovnuli SromiTi urTierTobebis aqtis msgavsad kerZo seqtorSi.
saxelmwifo seqtoris koleqtiuri molaparakebebi mimdinareobs TiToeuli
Statis calkeuli iurisdiqciis farglebSi, da arsebobs gansxvaveba
sxvadasxva Statis kanonebs Soris. magaliTad, zogierT Stats: arizonas,
utas da misisips ara aqvs koleqtiuri molaparakebebis kanonebi; sxva
Statebs: floridas, havais da niu iorks sayovelTao kanonebi aqvs,
romlebic aniWeben koleqtiuri molaparakebebis uflebebs yvela saxelmwifo
moxeles. am or ukiduresobas Soris aris saxelmwifo kanonebi, romlebic
aniWeben koleqtiuri molaparakebebis uflebebs mxolod TanamSromelTa
specialur jgufebs, rogoricaa maswavleblebi da formiani servisebi
(policia da saxanZro). Ffederaluri TanamSromlebisTvis koleqtiur
molaparakebebs awesrigebs aRmasrulebeli brZanebebi (aSS-is prezidentis
mier gamocemuli debulebebi) da 1978 wlis samoqalaqo servisis reformis
aqti.
Mmeore, saxelmwifo iurisdiqciebi xSirad aweseben xelfass,
TanamSromelTa sargebels da organizaciul wesebs, ris mixedviTac
muSaoben maTi TanamSromlebi. sajaro samoqalaqo servisis sistemebi
arsebobs, raTa ganixilon TanamSromelTa saCivrebi an darRvevebi. kanoniT
gansazRvruli xelfasiTa da samuSao pirobebiT profkavSirebs ar aZleven
SesaZleblobas moagvaron koleqtiuri SeTanxmebebis yoveldRiuri
sakiTxebi. KprofkavSirebi miiCneven amas, rogorc TavianTi mizezebis
dacvis~ SesaZleblobis dakargvas.
Dda bolos, gaficva saxelmwifo seqtorSi mkacrad akrZalulia.
radganac is momsaxureba, romelsac uzrunvelyofen mTavrobis moxeleebi,
xSirad iTvleba mniSvnelovnad sazogadoebis keTildReobisTvis,
sazogadoebrivi politika aseTi gaficvebis winaaRmdegia. A amrigad,
Statebis umetesobis sakanonmdeblo organoebi TanamSromlebs ar aniWeben
gaficvis uflebas. im StatebSi, sadac gaficva dasaSvebia, ufleba
SezRudulia TanamSromelTa garkveuli jgufebisTvis Cveulebriv, uformo
(araformiani) TanamSromlebisTvis, romelTa gaficvas SeuZlia safrTxe
Seuqmnas sazogadoebis janmrTelobas, usafrTxoebas an keTildReobas.
saxelmwifo moxeleTa profkavSirebi kamaToben, rom radgan isini uars
amboben gaficvis imave uflebaze, romelzec kerZo seqtoris TanamSromlebi,
maTi Zalaufleba koleqtiuri molaparakebebis dros metad Sesustebulia.
122
profkavSiris moxeleebi xSirad aRweren saxelmwifo moxeleebTan
molaparakebas, rogorc Sexvdi da moiTxove-s process.
Mmolaparakebebis uflebamosilebaSi samarTlianobis, miukerZoeblobis
uzrunvelsayofad sxvadasxva arbitraJis meTodebi gamoiyeneba, riTac xdeba
koleqtiuri SeTanxmebebis gamouvali mdgomareobis mogvareba saxelmwifo
seqtorSi. erT-erTia savaldebulo arbitraJi TanamSromlebisTvis: policiis
TanamSromlebi, mexanZreebi da sxvebi, am sferoSi gaficvebi ar SeiZleba
daSvebuli iyos. Kkidev erT meTods warmoadgens bolo SeTavazebis
arbitraJi, romlis mixedviTac arbitrma unda aarCios modave mxareeebis
mier warmodgenili erT-erTi saboloo SemoTavazeba. Aam meTodiT arbitri
im mxarisken ixreba, romlis saboloo SeTanxmebis winadadeba yvelaze
axlosaa sakiTxis gonivrul mogvarebasTan.
molaparakebebisTvis momzadeba
molaparakebebisTvis mzadeba niSnavs monacemebis Segrovebas
SeTanxmebis winadadebebisTvis da koleqtiuri SeTanxmebis gundis
Camoyalibebas. es saSualebas iZleva koleqtiuri molaparakebebi Catardes
mowesrigebulad, realur da pozitiur safuZvelze sasurveli miznis
misaRwevad. Mmolaparakebebis dros xSirad adgenen molaparakebebis wignaks,
masSi mocemulia SeniSvnebi, romlebic gansazRvravs, kontarqtis romel
punqtze SeiZleba moTxovnam gavlena moaxdinos. molaparakebebis wignakSi
aseve mocemulia kontarqtis pirobebis zogadi istoria da maTi mniSvneloba
xelmZRvanelobisTvis. SromiTi xelSekruleba ar aris pirveli, razedac
mxareebi Tanxmdebian, aramed molaparakebebisTvis momzadeba idealur
SemTxvevaSi unda daiwyos Zalian male arsebuli xelSekrulebis
xelmoweridan. es praqtika saSualebas aZlevs molaparakebis monawileebs
ganixilon wina molaparakebebis dros daSvebuli Secdomebi.
123
SeiZleba metad mniSvnelovani ideebi da winadadebebi mogvawodon
cvlilebebTan dakavSirebiT, rac saWiroa xelSekrulebis momzadebisTvis.
maTi kontaqti profkavSiris wevrebTan da warmomadgenlebTan uzrunvelyofs
cvlilebebis pirvelad informacias, rac molaparakebisas kavSiris
wamomadgenlebma unda SemogvTavazon.
Kkontraqtis Sesaxeb molaparakebebis dros profkavSiris
SemTanxmeblebi saubroben konkurenciuli xelfasis miRebaze. es termini
exeba msgavsi kontraqtis debulebebis arsebobas kerZod, xelfasisa da
sargeblis Sesaxeb sxvadasxva kompaniebs Soris, raTa Tavidan aviciloT
sasurveli SromiTi Rirebulebis upiratesoba meoreze. molaparakebebis
modeli saSualebas aZlevs kavSirebs aCvenenon TavianT wevrebs, rom isini
iReben anazRaurebas sxv TanamSromlebis msgavsad, romlebic asruleben
msgavs samuSaos, da damsaqmebelebi darwmunebulni arian, rom maTi Sromis
Rirebuleba konkurencias uwevs maT konkurentebs. sxva miRweuli SromiTi
SeTanxmebebi, kerZod adgilobriv da regionalur doneze, did rols
TamaSobs SromiTi xelSekrulebis pirobebis dadgenaSi.
2. strategiebis SemuSaveba
________________________________
xelmZRvanelobis winadadebebisa da dasaSvebi SezRudvebis ganxilva;
oponentebis miznebis ganxilva;
gaficvis gegmis SemuSaveba.
3. molaparakebebis Catareba
___________________________
gulwrfeli SeTanxmeba;
winadadebebis analizi;
SeTavazebebis gadawyveta;
SeTanxmebebis formatSi darCena.
4. xelSekrulebis gaformeba
____________________________
kontraqtis enis dadgena;
xelSekrulebis damtkiceba.
Mmolaparakebebis gundebi
124
Cveulebriv TiToeul mxares eyoleba oTxi an eqvsi warmomadgeneli
molaparakebis magidasTan. xelmZRvanelobis mTavari momlaparakebeli
(mediatori) iqneba viceprezidenti an SromiTi urTierTobebis menejeri;
profkavSiris mTavari momlaparakebeli iqneba adgilobrivi kavSiris
prezidenti an erovnuli kavSiris warmomadgeneli. sxvebi, romlebic
Seadgenen menejmentis gunds, iqnebian warmomadgenlebi sabuRaltro an
finansuri operciebis, dasaqmebis, samarTlebrivi an satreningo
ganyofilebebis. adgilobrivi kavSiris prezidents mxars dauWers mTavari
Suamavali, sxva adgilobrivi kavSiris prezidentebi da erovnuli kavSiris
warmomadgenlebi.
SeTanxmebis gundis pirveli Sexvedra gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania,
radganac is ayalibebs garemos, romelSic warimarTeba molaparakebebi.
gulwrfelma damokidebulebam, zogjer mcire iumoris Semotanamac, SeiZleba
ganmuxtos daZabuloba da xeli Seuwyos molaparakebebis Tavisuflad
dawyebas. damokidebulebis amgvari struqtura momzadda mxareebs Soris
damokidebulebebis Sesacvlelad, xSirad erTi mxaris dasarwmuneblad, rom
daakmayofilos meore mxaris moTxovnebi.
125
yidvis dros, roca myidveli da gamyidveli mraval strategias iyeneben
saukeTeso SesaZlo Sedegis mosapoveblad.
126
eyrdnoba stagnerisa da rozenis original models, gviCvenebs, rom roca
molaparakeba mimdinareobs, ramdenime mniSvnelovani cvlileba gavlenas
axdens Suamavlebze da maT SesaZleblobaze SeTanxmebas miaRwion
molaparakebis zonis farglebSi.
127
ekonomikur, politikur da socialur gavlenas, raTa daikmayofilos Tavisi
moTxovnebi meore mxaris xarjze.
128
profkavSirebis piketirebis darRvevaze; piketirebam SeiZleba xeli
SeuSalos satvirTo manqanebsa da vagonebs saqonlis gadazidvebSi.
magaliTad, satvirTo manqanis mZRolma SeiZleba uari ganacxados, rom
miawodos saqoneli im kompaniebs, romelTa TanamSromlebic gaficulni
arian kvebisa da komerciul muSakTa gaerTianebul kavSirTan erTad.
PprofkavSiris kidev erT ekonomikur iaraRs boikoti warmoadgens,
romelic kategoriulad uaryofs damsaqmeblis mfarvelobas. magaliTad,
xelsawyoebis mwarmoeblis winaaRmdeg gaficulma TanamSromlebma SeiZleba
gadaketon gza im sacalo maRaziis win, sadac iyideba gaficulTa ufrosis
mier warmoebuli xelsawyoebi. profkavSirebma aseve SeiZleba gamoiyenon
plakatebi, radio da presa gancxadebebisaTvis, raTa xeli SeuSalon
mwarmoeblis produqciis an servisis Sesyidvas.
129
molaparakebebis problemebis gadaWra
profkavSirebi da damsaqmeblebi yvela saxis industriaSi _ sportSi,
transportSi, mrewvelobaSi, kavSirgabmulobasaA da jandacvaSi _ iyeneben
Suamavlobasa da arbitraJs molaparakebebisas gamouvali mdgomareobis
mosagvareblad. rogorc me-13 TavSia ganxiluli, Suamavloba aris
nebayoflobiTi procesi, romelic damokidebulia komunikaciaze da
mediatorebis SesaZleblobebze daexmaron mxareebs maTi uTanxmoebis
mogvarebaSi. federaluri mTavroba SromiT davebSi erTveba FMCS -is
servisebis saSualebiT.
mediatorisagan gansxvavebiT, arbitri Tavis Tavze iRebs
gadawyvetilebis mimRebas da gansazRvravs, Tu rogor SeiZleba mogvardes
urTierToba or mxares Soris. sxvagvarad rom vTqvaT, arbitri saboloo
dadgenilebas wers, romelsac mxareebi unda daemorCilon. SuamavlobasTan
SedarebiT, arbitraJi ise xSirad ar gamoiyeneba kerZo seqtoris davebis
gadasawyvetad. saxelmwifo seqtorSi, sadac gaficva mkacrad akrZalulia,
procentuli arbitraJis gamoyeneba problemis gadaWris zogad meTods
warmoadgens. zogadad, erTi an orive mxare iZulebuli xdeba
uflebamosileba mianiWon mesame mxares moagvaros maT Soris dava. amitomac,
mediatori uTanxmoebis mosagvareblad gamoiyeneba da is exmareba mxareebs
SeTanxmebis miRwevaSi. Aarbitrs iwveven, raTa gadaWras davebi, romlebic
warmoiSveba xelSekrulebasTan dakavSirebiT. amas arbitraJis ufleba
ewodeba.
sabednierod, profkavSirsa da administracias Soris molaparakebebis
didi umravlesoba mSvidobianad mTavrdeba. roca molaparakebebi
damTavrebulia, SromiTi SeTanxmeba xdeba formaluri dokumenti, romelSic
aRniSnulia vadebi, pirobebi, da wesebi, romelTa Sesrulebazec SeTanxmdnen
TanamSromlebi da menejerebi. HRM5 aCvenebs SromiTi SeTanxmebis zogierT
mniSvnelivan punqts da aseve warmoadgens axali da progresuli kontraqtis
zogierTY magaliTs. nebismieri SromiTi xelSekrulebis ori yvelaze
mniSvnelovani punqti menejeris uflebebsa da profkavSiris dacvis formebs
exeba.
xelmZRvanelobis uflebebi
menejeris uflebebi unda Seesabamebodes samuSao pirobebs, ris
meSveobiTac menejments SeuZlia eqskluziuri kontroli moipovos.
gamonaklisis garda, SromiTi xelSekruleba unda Seicavdes menejeris
uflebebis muxls. es muxli amtkicebs rom, menejeris uflebamosileba
yvela sakiTxSi mTavaria, Tu TviTon ar daTmobs raime uflebas koleqtiur
SeTanxmebaSi, an im sferoebSi, sadac misi uflebamosileba kanoniT
izRudeba. xelmZRvanelobis uflebebi SeiZleba Seicavdes uflebas
gansazRvros produqtis warmoeba, warmoebis adgilmdebareoba an
momsaxurebis SesaZlebloba, an SearCios warmoebis aRWurviloba da
procedurebi. qvemoT mocemulia erT-erTi muxlis magaliTi, romelic
gansazRvravs menejeris uflebebs SromiT xelSekrulebaSi.
SeTanxmebulia, rom kompania flobs yvela uflebas, privilegiebs da
uflebamosilebas, romelic win uZRoda am SeTanxmebis Sesrulebas da am
SeTanxmebaSi araferi ar SeiZleba aRiniSnos iseTi, ramac SeiZleba kompania
SezRudos raime gziT menejmentis regularuli da Cveulebrivi funqciis
130
ganxorcielebaSi da biznesis muSaobaSi, Tumca is SeiZleba iyos uaryofili
an Secvlili am xelSekrulebis debulebiT.
HRM 5
SromiTi xelSekrulebis punqtebi
tipuri muxlebi
anazRaureba
Svebuleba
dasvenebis dReebi
samuSao grafiki
xelmZRvanelobis uflebebi
profkavSiris dacva
gadayvanebi
disciplina
saCivris ganxilvis meTodebi
gaficvis ararseboba /lokautis muxlis ararseboba
damatebiTi samuSao saaTebi
usafrTxoebis meTodebi
samuSao gamocdileba
pensiebi da SeRavaTebi
autsorsingi
progresuli muxlebi
TanamSromlebis ufleba oqmebze xelis miwvdomis Sesaxeb
SezRudvebi saqmianobis Sefasebis gamoyenebaze
ufrosTa pativiscema
fleqsiuri samedicino xarjebi
teqnologiuri aRWurvilobis dacva incidentebisagan
SezRudvebi eleqtronul monitoringze
narkologiuri analizis marTvis meTodebi
orenovani stipendiebi
Sida partniorobis SeRavaTebi
131
damsaqmebels pasuxismgeblobas, rom ar damalos profkavSirebis wevrebis
sawevro Senatani.
SromiT kontraqtSi profkavSirebis dacvis sxva saSualebebs
warmoadgens sxvadasxva formis xelSekrulebebi. es gansxvavebuli xarisxis
xelSekrulebebi moiTxovs, rom TanamSromlebi SeuerTdnen profkavSirebs.
magaliTad, profkavSirebis ,,sawarmo iTvaliswinebs, rom Tu romelime
momuSave ar aris profkavSiris wevri, aucileblad unda gawevriandes
ocdaaTi dRis ganmavlobaSi an daiTxoven samsaxuridan. meore mxriv, uwyeba
iTvaliswinebs nebayoflobiT wevrobas, Tumca SeTanxmebis yvela wevrma unda
gadaixados profkavSirebis sawevro gadasaxadi.
koleqtiur molaparakebebSi ramdenime sakiTxi ufro metad sakamaToa,
vidre TviT am xelSekrulebasTan dakavSirebuli molaparakeba.
profkavSirebis dacvis yvelaze popularuli punqti, profkavSirTa
samsaxuri arakanonieria 22 StatSi, sadac moqmedebs kanonebi Sromis
uflebis Sesaxeb. es kanoni krZalavs profkavSiris wevrobis nebismier
formas. Taft-harTlis aqtis me-14 nawili (b) nebas rTavs calkeul Statebs,
miiRon kanonmdebloba, romelic krZalavs profkavSirebis savaldebulo
wevrobas, rogorc muSaobis pirobas.
132
procesis Semadgeneli etapebis ricxvsa da dros, da TiToeuli mxaris
warmomadgenlebs, romlebic CarTulni arian yoveli etapis dakiTxvebSi (ix.
sqema 14.4.). roca saCivari ver gvardeba romelime etapze, SeTanxmebebis
umetesoba unda waredginos mesame mxares (Cveulebriv, arbitrs), romlis
gadawyvetilebac sabolooa. zogierTi SromiTi SeTanxmeba uzrunvelyofs
Suamavlobas, rogorc TanamSromelTa saCivrebis mogvarebis saSualebas.
Suamavloba iTvleba oficialur etapad ukmayofilebis ganxilvis procesSi.
arbitraJi
etapi 5
30 samuSao dRe
industriuli urTierTobebi - adgilobrivi profkavSiris prezidenti
etapi 4
15 samuSao dRe
ganyofilebis menejeri - ufrosi momrigebeli
etapi 3
10 samuSao dRe
uSualo zedamxedveli - profkavSiris momrigebeli
etapi 2
5 samuSao dRe
uSualo zedamxedveli - Seuracxyofili
etapi 1
kontraqtis darRveva
133
razec SeiZleba gavimarjvoT an raSic SeiZleba davmarcxdeT. piriqiT: orive
mxarem unda ganixilos mdgomareoba, rogorc adamianuri urTierTobebis
problemis mogvarebis mcdeloba.
zogierT SemTxvevaSi damakmayofilebeli gadawyvetileba SeiZleba ver
iqnes miRweuli pirvelive etapze TanamSromelsa da zedamxedvels Soris
azrTa kanonieri sxvadasxvaobis gamo an imis gamo, rom zedamxedvels ara
aqvs uflebamosileba miiRos raime zomebi ukmayofilo TanamSromlis
dasakmayofileblad. piradi konfliqtebi, cru Sexedulebebi, emociebi,
sijiute an sxva faqtorebi SeiZleba aseve iyos barieri am etapze
damakmayofilebeli Sedegis miRwevisaTvis.
saCivrebis arbitraJi
arbitraJis funqcias warmoadgens uzrunvelyos saCivris ganxilvis
Sedegad gamosavlis moZebna, rac profkavSirma da damsaqmebelma ver SeZles.
rogorc adre aRvniSneT, arbitraJs axorcielebs neitraluri mesame mxare
(arbitri an miukerZoebeli samediatoro sasamarTlo). Aam mesame mxaris
gadawyvetileba karnaxobs, Tu rogor unda mogvardes es ukmayofileba.
orive mxare valdebulia daemorCilos am gadawyvetilebas.
HRM 6
134
saCivris forma
saCivris oqmi
arbitraJis dakiTxva
135
arbitraJis dakiTxvebi hgavs sasamarTlos dakiTxvas, mxolod sasamarTlo
procesis mravali formalobis gareSe. procesi iwyeba mowmeTa ficis
dadebiT da wardgenili SeTanxmebis gacnobiT. wardgenili SeTanxmeba
warmoadgens mosagvarebeli problemis gancxadebas. amgvari gancxadeba
SeiZleba ase JRerdes: aleqs heideis samdRiani droebiTi daTxovna iyo
safuZvliani Tu ara, ra aris Sesabamisi gamosavali? Semdeg mxareebi
gaakeTeben Ria gancxadebebs, rasac faqtebisa da mtkicebulebis wardgena
mohyveba da mowmeTa zepiri Cvenebebi. dakiTxva moicavs ToToeuli mxaris
mokle gancxadebebs, rac warmoadgens argumentebs maTi poziciis
mxardasaWerad.
davis ganxilvis procesSi, arbitri valdebulia uzrunvelyos
samarTliani dakiTxva TiToeuli mxarisTvis. dakiTxvis dros SesaZlebelia
yvelanairi faqtebis Cveneba, rac saqmisTvisaa misaRebi. dakiTxvis mTavari
mizania daexmaros arbitrs saWiro faqtebis mopovebaSi adamianuri
urTierTobebis problemis mosagvareblad. arbitrs aqvs ufleba dakiTxos
mowme an moiTxovos damatebiTi faqtebi romelime mxarisgan. dakiTxvis
Catarebisa da daskvnebis gamotanis Semdeg (SeiZleba mxareebma airCion maTi
wardgena), arbitrs Cveulebriv aqvs ocdaaTi dRe, raTa ganixilos
mtkicebuleba da gamoitanos gadawyvetileba. SromiTi kontraqtebis
umravlesobaSi arbitraJis xarjebs mxareebi Tanabrad inawileben.
arbitraJis gadawyvetileba
136
Cveulebriv arbitrebi iyeneben oTx faqtors saqmeebis gadawyvetilebebis
miRebis dros:
1. SromiTi SeTanxmebis formulireba (an samuSao politika
araprofkavSirul organizaciebSi);
2. SeTanxmebis wardgena arbitrisTvis;
3. dakiTxvis dros SemoTavazebuli mtkicebuleba da Cveneba;
4. arbitraJis kriteriumebi da standartebi (saerTo kanonis msgavsi
standartebi), ris winaaRmdegac ganixileba saqmeebi.
137
sistemebma Seamcira garkveuli Tanamdebobebis TanamSromlebze moTxovna.
wevrebis Semcireba avto, foladis, rezinis warmiebisa da transportirebis
prof-kavSirebSi am faqtze miuTiTebs. teqnologiurma winsvlebma agreTve
Seamcira gaficvebis efeqturoba, radganac maRalavtomatizebul
organizaciebs, samuSaos Seferxebis dros, SeuZliaT saqmianobis
damakmayofilebeli donis SenarCuneba minimaluri kadrebiT.
138
damsaqmeblis fokusireba araprofkavSiruli statusis SenarCunebaze
K kirk adamsma, AFL-CIO-is organizebis direqtorma, aRniSna, rom
damsaqmeblis SezRudva organizebis sakiTxebSi TandaTan izrdeba. da
marTlac, mniSvnelovani faqti aSS-is SromiT urTierTobebSi 1990-ian
wlebSi da ocdameerTe saukuneSi aris profkavSiris gauqmebis programebis
gavlena. Yyvela saxis organizaciebSi menejerebi gamoxataven survils
SeinarCunon profkavSirisgan Tavisufali garemo. am miznis misaRwevad
damsaqmeblebi uzrunvelyofen xelfass da servisebs, raTa
TanamSromlebisTvis gaerTianeba araefeqturi gaxadon. SemoTavazebulia
agreTve monawileobiTi administraciis stili, mogebis ganawilebis
programebi da alternatiuli davebis mogvarebis meTodebi (ix. Tavi 13), raTa
SeewinaaRmdegon didi xnis Camoyalibebuli profkavSiris miznebs
gaumjobesebuli anazRaurebisa da samuSao pirobebis misaRwevad. HRM7-Si
mocemulia adamianuri resursebis specialistebis mier gansazRvruli
ZiriTadi strategiebi, rogorc gaerTianebis Tavidan acilebis saSualeba.
mniSvnelovania vaRiaroT, rom es strategiebi, rogorc TanamSromelTa
gaerTianebis mTavari mizezi, pasuxoben am Tavis dasawyisSi ganxilul
pirobebs. radgan am pirobebs uSualod administracia aregulirebs, isini
ise SeiZleba Secvalon, rom xeli SeuSalon gaerTianebas an saerTod
Tavidan aicilon is.
HRM 7
strategiebi imisTvis, rom davrCeT profkavSirisgan Tavisufali
139
rkinigzasa da aviaxazebis industriaSi. oris-la guardias aqti (1932)
warmoadgens SezRudvebs sasamarTlo akrZalvebis Sesaxeb profkavSirisa da
administraciis davebSi. kerZo TanamSromlebis umetesobas eniWeba
warmomadgenlobiTi uflebebi vagneris aqtis (1935) saSualebiT, romelic
daexmara profkavSiris organizebisa da molaparakebebis RonisZiebebis
dacvasa da xelis Sewyobas. Taft-harTlis aqtis nawyveti (1947) da landrum-
grifinis aqti (1959) gamiznulia, raTa Camoyalibdes konkretuli kontroli
kavSirebis Sida saqmianobasa da damsaqmeblebTan urTierTobaze.
2. Ggamokvlevebi gviCvenebs, rom muSakebi erTiandebian sxvadasxva
ekonomikuri, fsiqologiuri da socialuri mizezebis gamo. zogierT
TanamSromels SeuZlia SeuerTdes kavSirebs, radgan maT amis gakeTebas
sTxoven, Tumca umetesoba ukve ekuTvnis profkavSirebs, radganac isini
darwmunebulni arian, rom profkavSirebi maT daexmareba xelfasebis
gazrdasa da sxva samuSao pirobebis gaumjobesebaSi. TanamSromelTa
gaerTianeba umetesad gamowveulia menejeruli praqtikebiTa da meTodebiT
ukmayofilebis gamo.
3. FprofkavSiris formaluri organizebis kampania gamoiyeneba
TanamSromelTa mxardaWeris mosapoveblad kavSirisTvis. radgan
TanamSromlebi gamoxateven survils gaerTiandnen uflebamosilebis
baraTebze xelis moweriT, profkavSiri mimarTvas NLRB-s faruli
kenWisyriT arCevnebisTvis. Tu amomrCevelTa 51 procenti mxars dauWers
kavSirs, NLRB daamtkicebs profkavSirs, rogorc yvela TanamSromlis
momrigebel warmomadgenels molaparakebebis ganyofilebaSi.
4. SromiTi xelSekrulebis Sesaxeb molaparakebebi detaluri ganxilvis
process warmoadgens. TiToeuli mxare winadadebebis nusxas amzadebs;
mxareebs surT miaRwion TavianT mizans da aseve damatebiT cdiloben
gansazRvron meore mxaris sasurveli SemoTavazebebi. molaparakebebis
gundebma unda SearCion da ganixilon yvela SemoTavazeba, raTa gansazRvron
maTi mniSvneloba da gavlena organizaciaze. Oorive mxare damsaqmebelic
da profkavSiris Suamavlebic _ zustad iyenebs molaparakebebis modelebs
industriis, zogadad cxovrebis donis tendenciebis, geografiuli
anazRaurebis gansxvavebebSi. Mmenejerebi miznad isaxaven, rom SeinarCunon
kontroli operaciebze da minimumamde daiyvanon xarjebi. profkavSiris
Suamavlebi TavianT moTxovnebs ayeneben gaumjobesebuli pirobebis,
xelfasebisa da samuSao saaTebis Taobaze. SeTanxmeba miiRweva, roca orive
mxare SeTanxmdeba Tavdapirvel poziciebsa da saboloo pirobebze mxareTa
molaparakebebis zonis SezRudvebis farglebSi.
tradiciulad koleqtiuri molaparakebebi profkavSirsa da
administacias Soris urTierTsawinaaRmdegoa. amJamad gaizarda interesi
molaparakebebze, romlebic dafuZnebulia ormxriv Sedegebze da mxareTa
Soris gaRrmavebul pativiscemaze. rasac FMCS uwodebs interesze
dafuZnebul molaparakebebs aris arawinaaRmdegobrivi molaparakebebis erT-
erTi forma.
5. koleqtiuri molaparakebis procesi gulisxmobs ara marto realur
molaparakebas, aramed agreTve Zalauflebis taqtikas, romelic gamoiyeneba
mosagvarebeli moTxovnebis mxardasaWerad. roca molaparakeba CixSi Sedis,
igi gadaiqceva uflebamosilebis brZolad, romlis drosac romelime mxare
ZaldatanebiT cdilobs daTmobebis miRwevas, rac gamoiyvans maT gamouvali
mdgomareobidan. PprofkavSiris Zalaufleba koleqtiur SeTanxmebebSi
140
gamomdinareobs misi SesaZleblobidan gamoucxados gaficva, boikoti an
piketireba damsaqmebels. xelmZRvanelobis uflebamosileba molaparakebebis
periodSi gamomdinareobs misi SesaZleblobidan lokauti gamoucxados
TanamSromlebs an gaficvis dros imuSaos xelmZRvanelisa da rezervis
TanamSromlebis gamoyenebiT.
6. roca problemebi warmoiSoba profkavSirebsa da xelmZRvanelobas
Soris, isini Cveulebriv saCivrebis ganxilvis MmeTodebis saSualebiT
regulirdeba. saCivrebis ganxilvis SemuSaveba mxareebis moTxovnebsa da
survilebs gamoxatavs. tipuri meTodi Sedgeba sami, oTxi an xuTi etapisgan.
yovel safexurs gansazRvruli vadebi aqvs. SedarebiT ufrosi menejerebi da
profkavSiris moxeleebi erTvebian davebSi saCivrebis ganxilvis MmeTodebis
SedarebiT maRal etapebze. am meTodis bolo safexuri SeiZleba iyos
arbitraJi. arbitrebs saboloo gadawyvetileba gamoaqvT, rac ver mogvarda
dawyebiT etapebze.
wardgenili SeTanxmeba warmoadgens sakiTxis gancxadebas, romelic
unda mogvardes arbitraJis saSualebiT. es ubralod aris problema,
romlis mogvarebac surT mxareebs. arbitrma pasuxi unda gasces sakiTxs
arbitraJis oTx faqtorze dayrdnobiT, raTa daexmaros profkavSirisa da
administraciis sxvadasxva tipis davebis mogvarebas. Es faqtorebia: SromiTi
xelSekrulebis Sinaarsi (an Sromis politika), wardgenili werilobiTi
SeTanxmeba, dakiTxvaze mopovebuli Cveneba da mtkicebuleba da drodadro
SemuSavebuli sxvadasxva saarbitro standartebi, arbitraJi ar aris zusti
mecniereba, radganac arbitrebi sxvadasxvagvar mniSvnelobas aniWeben
davebis mosagvarebel mtkicebulebasa da kriteriumebs.
7. profkavSiris liderebis winaSe mdgar problemebs dRes warmoadgens
teqnologiuri winsvlebiT gamowveuli wevrebis Semcireba da
gazrdili Sida da globaluri konkurencia. Sromis organizaciebi
aRweven nakleb warmatebas organizaciebSi, roca damsaqmeblebi adgenen
adamianuri resursebis progresul politikas xelfasis,
TanamSromelTa sargeblobisa da organizaciuli politikis
sferoebSi, rac aZlierebs samuSao usafrTxoebas da TanamSromelTa
pativiscemas. wevrTa Semcirebis SesaCereblad profkavSirebi aqtiurni
gaxdnen dabali Tanamdebobis TanamSromlebis, imigrantebisa da
TeTrsayeloiani TanamSromlebis organizebaSi.
ZiriTadi terminebi
arbitri
uflebamosilebis baraTi
molaparakebebis ufleba
molaparakebebis jgufi
molaparakebebis zona
biznesis gaerTianeba
koleqtiuri SeTanxmebebis procesi
xelobis profkavSirebi
TanamSromelTa asociaciebi
eqskluziuri warmomadgenloba
samarTliani warmomadgenlobis moZRvreba
141
saCivrebis ganxilvis meTodi
industriuli profkavSirebi
interesze dafuZnebuli molaparakebebi
SromiTi urTierTobebis procesi
uflebaTa arbitraJi
ukanono SromiTi maqinaciebi (ULPs)
profkavSiris ganyofileba
profkavSiris Suamavali
gansaxilveli kiTxvebi
142
davaleba
kavSiris organizebis dros profkavSiri da administracia amuSaveben
gegmas, raTa warudginon TavianTi pozicia TanamSromlebs. TiToeuli mxaris
mizania Seagrovos informacia, romelic SeiZleba saqmis warmarTvisTvis
profkavSiris sasargeblod an sawinaaRmdegod gamoiyenos. TiToeuli mxare
cdilobs Tavidan aicilos ukanono SromiTi qmedebebi. kavSirisa da
administraciis warmomadgenlebis gundebSi muSaobis dros upasuxeT Semdeg
kiTxvebs da moemzadeT warmoadginoT Tqveni daskvnebi ganxilvis dros.
kiTxvebi:
1. ra meTodebi SeiZleba gamoiyenos profkavSirma TanamSromlebTan
urTierTobisTvis?
2. ra informacia SeiZleba moipovos xelmZRvanelobis Sesaxeb
profkavSirma TanamSromlis mxardasaWerad?
3. ra informaciis Segroveba SeiZleba surdes administracias
profkavSiris Sesaxeb?
4. ra meTodebi SeiZleba gamoiyenon profkavSirma da administraciam
TanamSromlebisTvis TavianTi zRaprebis mosayolad?
5. romeli ukanono qmedebebisgan unda daicvan Tavi profkavSirma da
administraciam?
143
samsaxuris Semdeg, saRamos tomasi daukavSirda meqanikosTa
amxanagobis profkavSiris organizators da sTxova kavSirs kampania daewyo
apoloSi. erTi kviris ganmavlobaSi TanamSromlebma eqspress acnobes
profkavSiris Sexvedris Sesaxeb. roca lipskim gaigo am kampaniisa da
tomasis xelmZRvanelobis Sesaxeb, man gadawyvita gaeTavisuflebina igi.
tomasis ganTavisuflebis brZaneba ityobineba: ganTavisuflebul iqna cudi
muSaobisa da aradamakmayofilebeli daswrebis gamo. tomasi gamoiZaxes
lipskis ofisSi da acnobes ganTavisuflebis Sesaxeb. ofisis datovebis
Semdeg igi daukavSirda profkavSiris organizators da isini gaemarTnen
NLRB-is raionul samsaxurSi, raTa waeyenebinaT ukanono SromiTi praqtikis
braldeba tomasis saxeliT. ULP daamtkica, rom is gaagdes profkavSirisa da
organizebis kampaniisadmi mxardaWerisTvis.
jin lipskis saerTod naklebi gamocdileba hqonda kavSirebis
sakiTxebSi da ar hqonda specialuri gamocdileba kavSiris organizebis
kampaniebTan urTierTobaSi. lipskis samwuxarod, meqanikosTa amxanagobam _
lokal 1463-m daiwyo kampania apolos winaaRmdeg 1 ivniss.
sanamPprofkavSiris dawyebiTi moqmedebebi ixveweboda (ecnobebinaT
mfrinavebisTvis organizaciuli Sexvedris Sesaxeb), 10 ivnisisTvis aSkara
gaxda, rom TanamSromelTa mxardaWera kavSirisadmi gaizarda da
profkavSiris kampaniac metad intensiuri gaxda. Llipskis winaSe aRar idga
sakiTxi ase: rame unda moimoqmedos apolom?, aramed ase: ra unda
gaakeTos apolom? lipskisTvis naTeli gaxda, rom profkavSiri
valdebuli iyo sruliad axali Zalixmeva gamoeyenebina kompaniis
TanamSromelTa gasaerTianeblad. zedamxedvelebma mas moaxsenes, rom
kavSiris mxardamWerebi iRebdnen uflebamosilebis baraTebs, raTa TxovniT
miemarTaT NLRB-sTvis dasamtkicebeli arCevnebis Taobaze.
kiTxvebi:
1. ra kanondarRveva (arsebobis SemTxvevaSi) Caidina apolos korporaciam?
2. ra argumentebi gamoiyenes jin lipskim da bob tomasma TavianTi
saqmeebis mxardasaWerad?
3. CamoTvaleT, ra ar unda gaakeTon menejerebma, roca isini sCadian
ukanono SromiT qmedebebs.
144
safuZvliani mizezi ganapirobebs disciplinarul RonisZiebas, es
mizezebia: arakeTilsindisiereba, araefeqturoba, araprofesionaluri
moqceva, gacdenebi, oqmebis gayalbeba, kompaniis politikis darRveva, qonebis
xelyofa, ganadgureba an alkoholis an narkotikebis floba an misi
zemoqmedebis qveS yofna.
stanksi muSaobda sistemis teqnikosad 1994 wlis 20 noembridan mis
ganTavisuflebamde, 2002 wlis 25 oqtombramde. huangis Cvenebis Tanxmad,
Ppoeniqs semikonduqtor kompania ecada SeenarCunebina pozitiuri da
centraluri samuSao garemo TanamSromlebSi. brZola samsaxurisTvis
mkacrad iyo akrZaluli. stanksis saqmianobis Sefasebam aCvena, rom is iyo
saSualo donis TanamSromeli, Tumca mas miRebuli hqonda ramdenime
disciplinaruli gafrTxileba cudi daswrebis gamo da daimsaxura erTi
samdRiani droebiTi daTxovna sistemis kontrolis SecdomisTvis. stankss
zogadad pativs scemdnen Tavisi TanamSromlebi da ramdenime maTganma
arbitraJis dakiTxvaze mis sasargeblod misca Cveneba.
stanksis samsaxuridan daTxovnas kavSiri hqonda mas da meore
teqnikoss, gari lindekins Soris momxdar CxubTan. am incindentis
TviTmxilvelebis Tanaxmad, orive stanksi da lindekini metad gabrazdnen
warmoebis aRWurvilobis saTuTi nawilis Semowmebis swor meTodze
kamaTisas. rogorc erT-erTma mowmem ganacxada, es gacxarebuli kamaTi
gagrZelda daaxloebiT sami wuTi da damTavrda maSin, roca stanksim
Zlierad daartya xeli lindekins mxarze. lindekini Zlier ganarisxa
stanksis saqcielma da saswrafod Seatyobina xelmZRvanelobas. mas Semdeg,
rac dakiTxes stanksi da lindekini da am incindentis TviTmxilvelebi:
haungi da samanta lovri, TanamSromelTa uSualo zedamxedvelma da granT
grinma, departamentis menejerma gadawyvites stanksis samsxaxuridan
daTxovna araprofesiuli saqcielisa da kompaniis politikis darRvevisTvis.
kiTxvebi:
145
5. diax. aplikantebis an TanamSromlebis Savi sia Sromis kanonis
sawinaaRmdegoa.
6. ara. organizebis kampaniis periodSi damsaqmebels ar SeuZlia dahpirdes
xelfasis gaumjobeseba, rogorc saSualeba profkavSiris
dasamarcxeblad.
7. diax. damsaqmeblebic da kavSirebic eqvemdebarebian ukanono Sromis
braldebebs.
8. diax. roca saCivris arbitraJis punqti arsebobs Sromis xelSekrulebaSi,
xelmZRvanelobam unda gadasces arbitraJs saqmeebi.
9. diax. TanamSromlebi SeiZleba daisajon an ganTavisufldnen araswori
samsaxurebrivi moqmedebis gamo, magram ara maTi Sexedulebebis an
profkavSiris wevrobis gamo.
10. diax. antikavSiruli SeniSvnebi ar aris ukanono, imis gaTvaliswinebiT,
rom isini ar aris iZulebiTi.
sarCevi
pirveli Tavi
adamiani da organizacia
meore Tavi
personalis menejmenti
mesame Tavi
146
organizaciuli kultura
meoTxe Tavi
Sromis motivireba da karieris marTva
mexuTe Tavi
adamianebTan urTierTobis xelovneba
meeqvse Tavi
treningebis sistemis analizi da marTva
meSvide Tavi
adamianuri resursebis marTvis strategia da politika
merve Tavi
drois marTvis principebi
mecxre Tavi
TanamSromelTa uflebebi da disciplina
147