Rpublique Algrienne Dmocratique et Populaire

Ministre de lEnseignement Suprieur et de la Recherche Scientifique

: - -

./Master-GE/GO -GRH /2013 :

.............................

) (113 .


:
) (9 .


: :
.

( )808
( )230
( )160
:
.T-TEST

:

( )%30.2
.R2

: .

:
.
.

 Abstract
This study aimed to identify the trends at the University of Biskra workers
towards the level of the prevailing organizational culture And also identify the
prevailing level of administrative innovation have, This adds to the knowledge of the
impact of organizational culture with its various dimensions in the administrative
creativity among workers.
The target population of the study consists of administrative workers at the
University of Biskra totaling 808 workers, The student used simple random sample
method and a volume of (230) workers, Where the questionnaire was distributed
them through several field visits, And recovered of which (160) questionnaire is valid
for statistical analysis The student has used the descriptive analytical approach to
reach the results of the study Has been relying on several statistical methods to
analyze data, including: Scale descriptive statistics, regression analysis, analysis of
variance, and test T-TEST.
This study concluded that several of the most important results: That the level of
prevailing organizational culture at the University of Biskra came up, As the
administrative level of creativity among workers with the same high level University,
Where organizational culture explained (30.2%) of the changes taking place in the
administrative level of creativity among workers, based on the value of the
coefficient of determination R2.
In addition to the above, the study showed a statistically significant difference in
the attitudes of respondents about the level of organizational culture prevailing at the
University of Biskra to gender, as well as the presence of statistically significant
differences in the attitudes of respondents about the level of administrative innovation
among workers due to the variables of the following: age, educational qualification,
years of experience.

The study found many of the recommendations include: the university

administration to encourage state of scientific rivalry and honoring the creators and
the consolidation of the democratic approach between teachers and students and staff.
And also on the university administration to allocate adequate funds for the
implementation of and follow-up ideas that are high risk and encourage employees to
work in teams work a spirit of risk-taking.

...

...

...

*. *

.2013-2012

(
).

"
"
.

2013
.



.
.
Abstract
.
.
.
.
.
.
2 .
: .
5 .1-I .
5 .
5 . 1-1-I .
6 . 2-1-I .
6 . 3-1-I .
7 .4-1-I .
8 . 5-1-I .
8 . 6-1-I .
10 . 7-1-I .
10 . 8-1-I .
11 . 9-1-I .
11 . 10-1-I .
12 . 11-1-I .

12 . 12-1-I .
15 .2-I .
15 .1-2-I .
18 .2-2-I .
22 .3-2-I .
26 .4-2-I .
: - -
28 .
29 .1-II .
29 .1-1-II .
32 .2-1-II .
35 .3-1-II .
36 .4-1-II .
38 .2-II .
38 .1 -2-II .
40 .2 -2-II .
43 .3 -2-II .
47 .3-II .
47 .1 -3-II .
49 .2 -3-II .
50 .4-II .
50 .1 -4-II .
51 .2 -4-II .
51 .3 -4-II .
52 .5-II .
53 .1 -5-II .
53 .2 -5-II .
54 .3-5-II .

54 .4 -5-II .
55 .
: - -
57 .
58 .1-III .
59 .1 -1-III .
60 .2 -1-III .
62 .3 -1-III .
63 .4 -1-III .
65 .2-III .
65 .1 -2-III .
66 .2 -2-III .
68 .3 -2-III .
71 .4 -2-III .
72 .3-III .
72 .1-3-III .
75 .2-3-III .
79 .3-3-III .
81 .4-III .
82 .1-4-III .
83 .2-4-III .
83 .3-4-III .
84 .4-4-III .
84 .5-4-III .
85 .
. :
87 .
88 .1-IV - .
88 .1-1-IV .

90 .2-1-IV .
90 .3-1-IV .
93 .4-1-IV .
94 .2-IV .
96 .3-IV .
96 .1-3-IV .
98 .2-3-IV .
104 .4-IV .
113 .
115 ( ).
120 .
131 .

14 . 1-I
94 . 1.IV
96 ()1- sample Kolmogorov - Smirnov 2-IV

97 3-IV
.

101 4-IV
.
104 5 -IV .
(
105 6 -IV
) ).
106 T . 7-IV
) )ANOVA
107 8-IV
.
) )ANOVA
107 9 -IV
.
) )ANOVA
108 10-IV
.
) )ANOVA
109 11-IV
.
109 12-IV T .
) )ANOVA
110 13-IV
.
) )ANOVA
110 14-IV
.
) )ANOVA
111 15-IV
.
) )ANOVA
112 16-IV
.

 .

8 . 1.I
47 . 1.II
93 . 1.IV

. 1
. 2

.
.

.

.

2
 .

.
.

.
.




.


.

.1-I .
.1-1-I .






.

.
:
- .
- .
-
.
-
.

.2-1-I .
:
-1
.
-2
.
-3 .
-4
.

.3-1-I .

:
-1 .
-2 .
-3 .

-4 .
-5 .
-6
.
-7
.
-8
.

.4-1-I :
:

:(H0)" :
.".

:(H0)" :
.

:(H0)" :
.

.5-1-I : .

.6-1-I .
-1 :

.
-2 :
: .

-3 :
.
.
-4 :
.
-5 :
.
-6 :
.
-7 :
.
-8 :
.
-9 :

.
-10 :
.
-11 :
.
-12 )( :
.
-13 :
.

.7-1-I .

-1 : :
- : .
- : :
.
- : .
- : .2013 -2012

-2 .

1
2.



. (Descriptive Analytical
) Approach
.
.

.8-1-I .
-1 : ) (06
) (808 .2011-2010

1 .(1975) . . .3- : .21 :

2 .(1986) . ..2 : .32 :
10


-2 : ) (230
) (160 .
.

.9-1-I .

:
-1 :
(Statistical Package for Social Science) SPSS
) (Minitab
.
-2 :

.
.

.10-1-I .
"
" :
: .
: 45 :
: ) (24 .
: ) (21 .
.

.11-1-I .
11


) (SPSS. V19 ) (Minitab. V16
:
-1 ) :(Descriptive Statistic Measures

.
-2 ) :(Analyses of variance .
-3 ) :(Multiple Regression Analyses
) (
.
-4 ) :(One Way ANOVA
.
-5 T ) :(Independent-Samples T-test
.
-6 ) :(1- sample K-S .
-7 ) :(Cronbachs Coefficient Alpha .
-8 : .

.12-1-I :
-1 .
) (Validity
:

- :

12


.
.

.
- :
" "
) (1-I ) (0.962

.

-2 ).(Reliability

(Cronbachs
) Coefficient Alpha 0.60
:

) :(1-I
13


0.791 0.627 4

0.853 0.728 5

0.849 0.721 3

0.831 0.691 3

0.854 0.730 3

0.845 0.715 3

0.827 0.684 3

0.943 0.890 24

0.887 0.788 6

0.882 0.779 7

0.904 0.819 3

0.906 0.821 5

0.953 0.909 21

0.962 0.926 45
: SPSS. V 19

) (1-I ) (0.926

.
.

.2-I :

14


.
:

.1-2-I
-1 .(2012) . : :
.
.
:
- .
- .
-
.
:
- .
- .
- .
-2 .(2011) . :
:
.
:
- .
- .
- .

15


-
.
:
- )
(
.
- .
- .
- .

-3 (2010) . :
26 .2
:
- ) (
.
-
.
:
-
.
-
.
-4 .(2009) . :
:
5.2

16


:
.
-
-
.
- .
. -
:
-
.
-
.
-5 ) .(2008 :

.


.
:
- :
.
-
.
- :
.

17


-6 . .(2007) . :
( .
.
:
- .
-
) (.
:
- .
- ) (
.
-
) (..

.2-2-I

-1 (2011). :
.
.

:
- .
- .
- .

:
18


- ) (
).(0.05

- ) (
).(0.05

-
- )
( ).(0.05

- ) (
).(0.05

- ) (
).(0.05
-2 .(2009) . :

.


.
:
- ).(%80.5
-
).(%61.9
- ).(%78.57
- ).(%58

19


-3 .(2008) . :

.


.
:
- .
-
.
- 0.05 )
( ) (.
-
.
-4 .(2008) . :

.


.
:
-
).(3.93
- ).(3.93

20


-
.
-5 .(2006) . :

.
:
-
.
- .
- .
-
.
-
.
:
- 0.01
.
- 0.05

) ( .
- 0.05
) (
.
- 0.05
( 10 ) ( 21 ) .

21


-6 .(2006) . :
:
.
:
- .
- .
- .
:
- .
- .
-
.
-
.

.
.3-2-I
-1 .(2009) . :
. : .
.

:
-

22


- .
- .
-

-

-

:
-
.
-
.
- " "
.
- " "
.

- .
-2 ) (2009 : :

.


.

23


: )
( .
-3 .(2008) . :

.
:
- .
- .
-
.
:
-
.

.
-

.
-
.
-

- .

24


-4 .(2004) . : :

.

.
:
-
.
. -
- .

-
.
- )
( .
-5 .(2003) . :
: .8
.4


.
)(
) ( )(
.
.

25


.4-2-I :
17


:

- .
- .
- .
- .
-
.

26


:









.

28


.1- II .


.

:
.

.1-1- II .
- 1 .

.
.
" " . ( )2003 ":


."1
( )2007 ":
2
".

1 .)2003( . .
.33-32 :
" .)2007( . 2

" . " : - " ( 18-17). .

29


)1998 ( Robbins ":

311
".

( )2004":
.
3 22
".

( )2007 ":
" . ":
43
".

( )2011 ":
.
54
".

( )2009 ":


65
".

1
Robbins, P. (1998). Organizational Behavior, 8th ed, New Jersey : Prentice Hall International, p.595.
2 .)2005( . . .1 . : .435 :
3 .)2007( . . .2. : .226-225 :
4 " .)2011( . " . .:
27 1 .184-155 :
5 " .)2009( . " . . : 77 .125-91 :

30


)2011( Lunenburg ":

21 1
".
32
:

- .
. -
- .
- 2 :
:4 :
. :

:
53
.
. :

.
6

- :

1
Lunenburg, F. C., (2011). "Organizational Culture Rerformance Relationships: Views of Excellence and
Theory Z". National forum of educational administration and supervision journal, New York: Vol. 29,
No. 4, pp. 1-10.
.)2009( . : . .1. : .265 : 2

.)2005( . . . 3

.06-05 :

31


( )Culture Clash

.1
1

32
2
.
. :


.

. :
:
.
. :

4.3.
.2-1- II :


54
:

1 .)2004( . . .2 . : .391 :
2
Eide, S. (2002). "Exploring Organizational Culture". Journal of Psychology, New York: Vol. 15, No. 1,
pp.1-34.
3 . ..06
4 .)2003( . : . .1. : .326 :

32


- 1 : .
- 2 : .
- 3 : .
- 4 : .
- 5 : .
- 6 : .

:
-1 : 1

.
- 2 :
2
:
. - :
- : .
- : ... .
- 3 :
.
- 4 :
.
- 5 :
.

1
Angelo, J. (2002). The Organization Culture Perspective, Chicago: Dorsa press, p.28.
: 2 " .)2009( . " .
( 15-14) . .10-09 :
33


- 6 : 1

.
- 7 :
2
.

( )2009 :

- 1 :
.
- 2 : ( ).
- 3 : .
.
- 4 : .
- 5 : .
3
.
- 6 :
. :
4
.. .

1
AL-Swidi, A., & Rosli, M. (2011). "How does Organizational Culture Shape the Relationship between
Eenterpreneurial Orientation and the Organizational performance of Banks ?" . European Journal of Social
Sciences, Vol. 20, No. 1, pp.26-48.
2 .)2002( . ..1. : .310 :
3 .)2009( . . .1. : .160-159 :
4 .)2004( . :
. . .31 :
34


.3-1- II :
- 1 .

.




.

1
:
-
.
-
.
-
.
- .
.
-

.
.
-

1 . .36-34 :
35


- :


.

.
- 2 .
:1
- .
- .
- .
-
.
-
. :
- .
- .
- .

.4-1- II .
2
:
- 1 : .

1 .)2002( . . . : .352:
2 .)2007( . .
. .20-19 :
36


- 2 :
.
- 3 : .
- 4 :

.
- 5 :

1
.
- 6 :


.

- 7 :

.
- 8 :

2
.

1
( )2006 :

1 .)2007( . .
. .51 :
2 . .20
37


-1 : .
-2 : ( )aggressive
( )innovative (. )risk seeking
- 3 : .
-4 : .
-5 : .
-6 :
.
-7 :
.
-8 : ( )
.
-9 : .
- 10 : .

.2- II :


.
.1-2- II .

1 .)2006( .
: . . .26 :
38


- 1 :




1
.
- 2 :
2




3
.
- 3 :

4
. .

.)2005( . . .1 . : .417 : 1

2
Deepa, A. (2006). "The Issuse In Organizational Culture: A Case Study ". Journal of Organizational
Culture, Vol. 10, No. 1, p.28-46.
3 . .417 :
4 . .392 :
39


.2-2- II :

:

:
: - 1
:
-

.

1
.
": 2
: .
-

3
... ".
:
: - 2
- ( :)Organizational Values
4
... .

...
5
.

1 . . .373 :
2 .)2004( . .. : .236 :
3 .)2000( . . . : .108 :
4 .)2002( . . .1. : .313-312 :
5 " .)2012( . :
" . .20 .2 .82-27 :
40


- ( :)Organizational Beliefs
.
1
.
- 3 :

.2
:
3
- : .

4
.

- : .
.
.5 Schein

6
.

1 ".)2012( . " .
.20 2 ..210-187 :
2 . . .374 :
3
Kavanagh, M. H., (2006)." The Impact of Leadership and Change Management Strategy on Organizational
Culture and Individual Acceptance of Change during a Merger". British Journal of Management, Vol. 17,
No. 1, pp. 81-103.
4 .)2007( . . . : .437 :
5 .)2000( . .. : .293 :
6
Schein, E. H. (2004). Organizational culture and leadership, San Francisco: Jossey Bass. P.224.
41


1
:
-
.
-
.
-
.
-
.
- :
2
.
- :
( )... .
.3
4
( )2009 :

: .
-
: .
-
- : .

1 .)2006( . ( .) . . . : :
.277
2 .)2011( . : - .. : .152 :
.)2006( . : - ALGAL .EARA 3

.19-18 :

" .
4 " .)2010( .
: 14 .225-221 :
42


- : .
. :
-
. :
-
: .
-

.3-2- II :

. :
- 1 :
1
.

.


2
.
:
-

:3
-

.

1
Fakhar, S., et al. (2012). "Impact of Organizational Culture on Organizational Performance: An Oreview".
Interdisciplinary Journal of Contemporary Research in Business, Vol. 3, No. 9, pp. 975-985.
2 . .412
3 .)2011( . : .
" " .178-177 :
43


-

.
-
.
. -
-
.
- 2 :

.
.1

( )2011 :2
- :


.
- :
.
- :
.

1 . .412 :
2 .)2011( . :
. .29-28 :
44


- :
.
- :
.
- :
.

( )McDermott & O'Dell , 2001 :1

- 1 ( :)Visible

.
- 2 ( :)Invisible
.

) (Harrison :
- 1 :

2
.
- 2 :

.

1
McDermott, R., & ODell, C. (2001). " Overcoming Cultural Barriers to Sharing Knowledge ". Journal of
Knowledge Management, Vol. 5, No. 1, PP.76-85.
2 .)2007( . .
.14 :
45


- 3 :

. .
- 4 :
1
.
( )2009 :2
- 1 ( :)Performance culture
.
- 2 ( :)Relationship Culture
.
- 3 ( :)Control Culture
.
- 4 ( :)Responsive Culture
.
3
( )2009 :
- 1 ( :)Bureaucratic Culture

.

1 .)2010( . ( . .)M.B.A
.18 :
2 " .)2009( . : ".
: 5 2 .159-137 :
3 " .)2011( . " .
: . 25 1 .140-111 :
46


- 2 ( :)Innovative Culture
.
- 3 ( :)Suppoative Culture
.
.3- II :
.1-3-II :



.
1 :

( :)02

: .)2011 ( . :
. .15

1 .)2005( . .. : .183 :
47


( )2005 :1
- 1 : .

.
- 2 :

2. .


. :
.
-3 :
3
.
-4 :
.

.
.
.
-5 :

1 .)2005( . :
. . -17 :
.18
2 .)2005( . . . : .154 :
. .16-15 : 3

48


1.
2
.
.6 :
.
.


.





3
.
.2-3- II .
:4
- 1 :
.
- 2 :
.
- 3 :
.

1 " .)2010( . :
" . : .26 .2 .156-119 :
2
Schermerhorn,J. R., et al. (2000). Comportement Humain et Organisation, 2me dition, Canada: village
mondial, p.341.
3 . .18 :
4 .)2007( . .
. .26 :
49


- 4 :
.
- 5 :

1
.
. .4 - II

. :
:1-4 - II .
( 1982 )Waterman et Peters
2
( )Waterman et Peters



3 . ) (Jay Barney

.

1 . : . .331 :
2
Willcoxson, L., & Millett, R. (2000). "The Management of Organizational Culture". Journal of
Management & Organizational Behavior, Australian: Vol.3, No.2, pp. 91-99.
3 . . ..374 :
50


.

.

1
. 3
.
:2-4- II .

2
...

3
.
:3-4- II .


.4
5
.

1 .)2003( . .1 : . .274 :
2 .)2006( . .3 : . .280 :
3 . . . .375-374 :
4
Ramano, C. (2004). "The impact of Organizational Culture and Person- Organization Fit on Organizational
Commitment and Jop Statisfaction". The Leadership Organization Development Journal, Vol. 25, No. 7,
PP. 592-613
5 .)2005( .
( 09-08 ) . .
51


.


. .
.
1
.
.5- II .

.
.
.
. .

2. :3
-
.
- .

-
.

:4

1 .)2008( . . .3. : .376 :

.)2009( . : . ..184: 2

3 . .334 :
4 . : . ..184 :
52


:1-5- II .





.

1
.
:2-5- II .
.
2 .

.



.

.
3
.
:3-5- II .

1 . . .162 :
2 . : . .269 :
3 . : . ..185 :
53


1.
.
Socializations
.
.
.
:4-5- II .

.


.
.
.
2
.

.
.

1 . .268 :
. : . .186 : 2

54


. .

55
 - -

:







.

:

.1-III .

.2-III .

.3-III .

.4-III .

57
 - -

.1-III :

.1-1-III :
- 1 :
. 1
:
((
)).2

(( :


)).3


((


)) . .4


.
.5

.)2007( . . . 1

. . .7 :
2 . .8
3 . .117
4 . .151
5 .)2010( . .
St. Clements .34 :
58
 - -

- 2:

:
( )chen & yung, 2010 ": " .1
( )2005 " :
2
".
( )2006 " :


" .3
( )2000 ": :
4
.
( )1995 ":
5
".
( )2007 ":
6
: : ."..
7
) (Olila, 2012 ": ".

1
Yong, T. T., & Chen, H. C. (2010). " Impact of role ambiguity and role conflict on employee creativity".
African journal of Business Management, Taiwan, Vol.4, No.6, pp.869-881.
2 .)2005( . . .1 . : .3 :
3 " .)2006( . " .
( 27-26) .: .
4 .)2000( . .. : .331 :
5 .)1995( . .. : .31 :
6 .)2007( . . . : .28-27:
7
Ollila, S. (2012). Open Innovation and Organizational Creativity- do they go Together ?: A Case
Study of the Creative Climate in an Open Innovation Arena. Master of Science Thesis, chalmers
university of technology, Gteborg, Sweden, p.5.
59
 - -

( )2008 ":
1
".

.2-1-III :

( )Innovation ( )Invention


. :
( )Carrier& Garand, 1996 ":


2
".

( )2011


.3

"
"

1 .)2008( . ( .) : . : .200 :
2
Carrier, C., & Garand, D. (1996). "Le Concept dInnovation: Dbats et Ambiguts". 5em confrence
Internationale de Management Stratgique, )13 -15mai (. Lille, France. p.3.
3 " .)2011( . : " . :
( 19-18) . : .
60
 - -

.
:
= +.

1
.

" :
."2
":
" .
".

Marie Debourg
:
= +.

3
.
.3-1-III :

1 .)2007( . : .
.28 :
2 .)2000( . . - : .421:
3 . .27 :
61
 - -

:
.1 ( :)March & Simon 1958

:
( )
1
( ) .
.2 ( :)Burns & Stalker 1961


.
.3 ( :)Wilson 1966 :

( )

.
.4 ( :)Harvey & Mill 1970 (Burns & ( )March & Simon
)Stalker


.

" .)2003( . : 1

" .218-196 :
62
 - -

.
.5 ( :)Hang & Aiken 1970

:
- : (.)March & Simon
- : .
- : .
- : .
.6 ( :)Zaltman & others 1973 :

( )Hang & Aiken
1
: .

.4-1-III :



.

" .
1 " .)2011( .
: ( 19-18) . : .

63
 - -

1
.
()




.2
3
.



.
.

.
.

1 " .)2010( . :
" .87 .242-204 :
2 " .)2010( . : "
7 27 . 85-55 :
3 .)2009( . : .
. .16-15 :
64
 - -

.

.



1
.

.2- III :

.1-2-III :
:
( )2008 ": 2 .
( )2003 ":
:

3
".
( )2010 ":
4
".

1 .85-55 :
2 " .)2008( . " . : .10
3 .80-65 :
3 . .35 :
.61 : 4

65
 - -

( )2010 ":

.
1
".
( )2006 ":


2
".
":
".

.2-2-III
- 1 .


:

( ) ( ) -

.
-

1 .)2010( . :
. .37 :
2 " .)2006( . :
" . 1 . 90-77 :
66
 - -

1
. -

-
.
. -

.
2
. -

- 2 :
:
- .
-
3
.
- .
-
.
-
.
-

.
4
- .

1 .)2009( . .23-21 :
2 . .11 :
3 .)2004( . : . .1. :
.6-5 :
4 . .11 :
67
 - -

-
.
1
- .
.3-2-III :
- 1

:
2
. : .
3
:
- : .
- :
.
- :
.
- : .
. :

4
.

5
:

1 . .109 :
2 . .392 :
3 .)2010( . : .. : .305-304 :
4 " .)2010( . : " .
. 26 2 .279-257 :
5 .)2010( . : .306 :
68
 - -

- ) :(Vision
.
- ) :(Participative safety
.
- :
.
. :
1
.
2
:
-

.
- :

.
-

.
-
.

- 2 :

1 .266 :
2 .)2010( . : .307 :
69
 - -

:
- :

1
.
- :


2
.
- ( ) :


3
.
- :


4
.

.4-2-III :

. . 1 .)2009( .
.33 :
2 .)2004( . . : .114 :
3 .)2008( .
.27 :
. .
4 .)2002( . : .
.15 :
70
 - -

) (Peter Druker : 1

- 1 :

.
- 2 :

.
- 3 :
.
- 4
.
- 5 :

.
- 6 :
.

.3-III .

1 .)2008( .
. .36-35 :
71
 - -

.
.1-3-III .

- 1 :

1.


2
.
3
:
- .
- .
- .
- .
- 2 :
.

1 .)2002( . .
. .21 :
2 .)2009( . : . : .265 :
3 .)2011( . . .1. : .352 :
72
 - -

1
.
- 3 :
:
.
2
.
3
:
- ( ).
- ( ).
- ( ).
- ( ).
4
:
-
.
-
.
- 4 :
5
.

1 .)2003( . : .
.36-35 :
2 .)2012( . : .
.77 :
3 .)2009( . .. : .172 :
4 .)2011( . : .
.29 :
5 .)2008( .
. .75 :
73
 - -

- 5 :
1 .
.


2
.
- 6 :
.
- 7 :
3
.
- 8 () :
4.
.




5
.

1 .)1999( . : . .1 : .298 :
2 .)2008( . . . :
.23-22 :
3 " .)2009( . . :
. 36 1 .358-332 :
. .75 :
4

5 " .)2011( . ". :

( 19-18) . : .
74
 - -

- 9 :
1
.



.

.
.



2
.

.2-3-III :
3
( )2006 :
- 1 :
.
- 2 :
.

1 . .358-332 :
2 .)2011( .
. .
.43-41 :
3 ".)2006( .
: " . 33 2 .266-240 :
75
 - -

- 3 :
.
. .
- 4 :
.
- 5 :

.
- 6 : .

( )2007 :
1
- 1 :

.
:

- .
- .
- .
- .
- .
- .
- .

1 .)2007( . . .
. . .57-56 :
76
 - -

-
.
- 2 :




.
:
- .
- .
- .
- .
- .
- .
- .
- .
-
1
.
- .
2
- .
- .

. .54-53 :
1

2 " .)2007( . " . .

3 8 .65-40 :
77
 - -

1
- .
- .
2
- .
- 3 :

.
.
3
:
- .
- .
- .
- .
- .
- .
- .
- .
- .
- 4 :

4 .

1 " .)2010( .
" . . . 10 1 .116-101 :
2 .)2009( . . . : .318 :
3 . .52 :
4 . : .312 :
78
 - -

1
.

.3-3-III .
2
:
- .
- .
- .
- .
- .
- .
- .
- .
- .
- .
- .
-
.
- .

1 .)2010( . . .1. : .123 :

2 .)2001( . .. : .213 :
79
 - -

- 1 :

.
1
.
:2
- .
- .
-
.
-
.
- 2 :

.

.3
- 3 :

. " "
.

1 " .)2009( .
" . : : . 17 2 .490-465 :
2 . .73 :
3 " .)2011( . " . :
(14-13) . : 08 .1945
80
 - -

.
.

1
.

.4- III :

2
.

.
3
.

.1-4-III :

1 " .)2010( . " . : . 10 :

.359-340
.)2008( . 1

. ( ) .3:
: . 13 1 :
3 .)2009( . : .
.207-161
81
 - -

...

.1

2
.

3
.

4

5
.

.2-4-III :

1 .24 :
. 2 .)2010( . :
.64 :
. -
. .285 : 3

4 " .)2011( "

: .
5 . .35 :
82
 - -

" " 1 .

2
.

.

3
.

.3-4-III :







4
.

1 .)2010( . : .
.66 :
.)2008( . 2

.35-34 :
3 .)2006( .
. 10 2.116-101 :
4 . .122 :
83
 - -

.
1
.

.4-4-III :
.
.
.
.
2
.

.5-4-III :
.
.
3
.

1 .)2006( .
.16-14 :
2 .)2008( . : .2 : . : ..169 :
3 .)2008( . :
- .163-160 :
84
 - -

:



. . .


(
) .
.

( )
.

85


.


.
:

.1-IV .

.2-IV .

.3-IV .

.4-IV .

87


-1-IV :
( )02

.

-1-1-IV :
:
: ( :)1992-1984
:
- ( 84-254 .)1984/08/18 :
- ( 84-253 .)1984/08/05
- ( 86-169 .)1986/08/18
: ( :)1998-1992
.
92-295 : 1992/07/07 : 1992
( :
).
: ( 1998 ):
98-219 1998/07/07 : 07
(
) .
83-544 98/397 1998/12/02 :
1998/12/02 : 03 :

88


- .
- .
- .
255-04 : 2004/08/29 219-98 :
1998/07/07 : . 04 :
- .
- .
- .
- .
- .

:
09-90 : 17 2009 98-219
7 1998 06 :

- .
- .
- .
- .
- .
- .
04 219-98
04 06 21
:

- .
89


- .
- .
- .

-2-1-IV :
:
.1 :
- .
- .
- .
- .
.2 :
- .
- .
- .
- .
- .

-3-1-IV :
-
.
- :
- .
- .
- .

90


-4-1-IV :

...... :

- 1 .
:
. .

.
:
- .
- .

:
.

- .
:
.
- .
:
.
. .

91


- .

.
- .
.
- .
: .
. .
:
- .
- .
- .
- .
. .
.
. .


.

92


93


.2-IV .
.
( :)1-IV .

%43.8 70
%56.2 90
%100 160

%47.5 76 30

%45.6 73 30 40

%6.3 10 40 50
%0.6 1 50

%100 160

%17.5 28

%53.8 86

%22.5 36 )(PGS
%6.2 10

%100 160

%2.5 4

94


%50.6 81

%46.9 75

%100 160

%64.4 103 5

%26.9 43 5 10
%6.2 10 10 15

%2.5 4 15

%100 160

: SPSS. V 19

( )1-IV ( )%56.2 ( )%43.8

( 30 ) .
95


( )%47.5 ( 30 40 ) ( )% 45.6
( 40 50 ) ( )%6.3
( )%0.6 ( 50 ) .
.

( )1-IV ( )% 17.5
( )% 53.8
( )% 22.5( )PGS ( .)% 6.2
.

( )1-IV
( )% 50.6
( )% 40.9 (.)% 2.5

( )% 64.4 5 ()% 26.9

( 5 10 ) ( )% 6.2
( 10 15 ) ( 15 )
(.)% 2.5

.3-IV .

96


.1.3-IV ( . - (.()1- sample K-S

-
.

(( )0.05 ( )2-IV
)sig. >0.05 .

( :)2-IV ()1- sample Kolmogorov - Smirnov

()sig. Z

0.308 2.045

0.402 1.954

0.361 2.009

0.295 2.379

0.457 1.705

0.205 2.806

0.185 3.015

: Minitab.V16

97


.2.3-IV .

( )5-1

(-1 )2.5 ""
(-2.5 )3.5 " " ( )5-3.5 " "
( )2-IV( )3-IV .

:
(.)3-IV

( :)3-IV

7 0.642 3.31 -

1 0.802 4.28 . 1

2 1.047 3.61 . 2

4 0.935 2.58 . 3

3 1.175 2.78 . 4

1 0.594 3.68 -

1 0.705 4.08 . 5

2 0.906 3.77 . 6

98


5 1.048 3.41 .
7

4 1.239 3.47 8
( /).

3 1.071 3.69 . 9
-
5 0.684 3.39

2 0.954 3.41 . 10

3 1.044 3.29 11
.

( )
1 0.869 3.49 12
.

2 0.784 3.59 -

3 0.952 3.34 13

2 1.008 3.45 14
.

1 1.031 3.98 . 15

6 0.938 3.38 -

2 1.269 3.47 . 16

1 1.034 3.75 . 17

3 1.181 2.92 18
.

4 0.896 3.44 -

2 1.202 3.38 . 19

99


3 1.108 3.29 . 20

1 1.053 3.65 . 21

3 0.725 3.57 -

3 1.171 3.53 . 22

1 1.029 3.65 . 23

2 1.186 3.54 24
.

- 0.559 3.50
: SPSS. V 19

- 1 : ( )2-IV " "

( )3.68
( .)0.594 ""

( )4.08-3.41 ( .)1.239-0.705
.
- 2 : ( )2-IV " "
( )3.59
( .)0.784
(-3.34
)3.98 ( .)1.031-0.952

.

100


- 3 : ( )2-IV ""
( )3.57
( .)0.725

( )3.65-3.53 ( .)1.186-1.029

.
- 4 : ( )2-IV " "
( )3.44
( .)0.896
()3.65-3.29
( .)1.202-1.053
.
- 5 : ( )2-IV " "
()3.39
( .)0.684

( )3.49-3.29 ( .)1.044-0.869

.
- 6 : ( )2-IV " "
()3.38
( .)0.938

101


( )3.75-2.92 ( .)1.269-1.034
.
- 7 : ( )2-IV " "
( )3.31
( .)0.642
()4.28-2.58
( .)1.175-0.802
.

(.)3.50

:
(.)4-IV

( :)4-IV

2 0.708 3.58 -

5 1.131 3.37 1

1 0.892 3.81 2

2 0.898 3.79 3

3 0.919 3.72 4

6 1.007 3.29 5

102


4 1.207 3.54 6

3 0.685 3.45 -

7 1.172 3.15 7

4 1.127 3.47 8

3 0.912 3.61 9

2 0.995 3.73 10

6 1.123 3.17 11

1 0.937 3.76 12

5 1.028 3.31 13

4 1.051 2.92 -

1 1.222 3.43 14

3 1.229 2.61 15

2 1.230 2.74 16

1 0.730 3.82 -

3 0.962 3.89 17

1 0.815 4.09 18

2 0.942 3.99 19
20
5 1.000 3.33

4 1.049 3.83 21

- 0.623 3.506
: SPSS. V 19
103


- 1 : ( )3-IV " "

()3.82
( .)0.730

( )4.09-3.33 ( .)1.049-0.815



. .
- 2 : ( )3-IV " "

( )3.58 ( .)0.708

( )3.81-3.29 (-0.892
.)1.207
.
- 3 : ( )3-IV " "
()3.45
( .)0.685

( )3.76-3.15 ( .)1.172-0.912
.
- 4 : ( )3-IV " "
( )2.92
104


( .)1.051

( )3.43-2.61 ( .)1.230-1.222

.

(.)3.506

.

-4-IV .
: .

:H0
(.)0.05
) (Analyses of Variance
( )4-IV .
( :)5-IV
F


2.666 7 18.659
0.000 9.408 0.283 133 43.067
138 61.726
: SPSS. V 17 )(=0.05

0.302=R2
0.550= R

105


( )5-IV
) (F ( )9.408 ( )0.000 )(=0.05

%30.2
.

(.)6-IV

( :)6-IV (
) .
T
Beta B
R
2
R T
0.112 0.335 *0.000 1.465 0.335 0.073 0.325
0.105 0.325 *0.000 4.314 0.325 0.079 0.340
0.118 0.343 *0.000 4.588 0.343 0.068 0.312
0.101 0.318 *0.000 4.209 0.318 0.060 0.252
0.142 0.377 *0.000 5.114 0.377 0.049 0.250
0.205 0.453 *0.000 6.378 0.453 0.049 0.315
0.226 0.476 *0.000 6.802 0.476 0.060 0.409

0.302 0.550 *0.000 7.087 0.491 0.077 0.547

: SPSS.V 19 * ()0.05=

( )6-IV:

106


-1 ( )0.05=
() )7.087( t ( )0.000
) (R ( )0.550
%30.2 R2
(.)0.05
-2
( )0.05 (
)
()0.476 0.453 0.377 0.318 0.343 0.325 0.335 ) (Beta
(6.378 5.114 4.209 4.588 4.314 1.465 T
(*0.000 *0.000 *0.000 *0.000*0.000 *0.000 )6.802
)*0.000 (.)0.05=
" :

(.)0.05

: .

:H0
(.)0.05

-1 ) :(H01
( )0.05
.
T ( )Independent-samples T-test
(.)7-IV

107


( :)7-IV T .

T


0.05 0.031 3.602
: SPSS. V 19

( )7-IV )3.602 ( T
( )0.05 ( )0.031

( )3.610 ( )3.425
. ( ( )2011 .)2007

-2 ) : (H02
( )0.05 .

) (One Way ANOVA

(.)8-IV
( :)8-IV ) (ANOVA
.
F


0.267 3 0.800

0.468 0.851 0.313 156 48.889

159 49.689
: SPSS. V 17 * ()0.05=

108


) (F
%5 ) (F ) (0.851
( )0.468
.
-3 ) : (H03
( )0.05=
.
) (One Way ANOVA
(.)9-IV
( :)9-IV ) (ANOVA
.

F


0.379 3 1.138

0.305 1.219 0.311 156 48.551

159 49.689
: SPSS. V 19 * ()0.05=

) (F
( )0.05 )(F
) (1.219 ( )0.305

.
-4 ) : (H04
( )0.05
.

109


) (One Way ANOVA

(.)10-IV
( :)10-IV ) (ANOVA
.

F


0.742 2 1.485

0.092 2.418 0.307 157 48.205

159 49.689
: SPSS. V 17 * ()0.05=

) (F
( )0.05 )(F
) )2.418 ( )0.092
.
-5 ) :(H05
( )0.05
.
) (One Way ANOVA
(.)11-IV
( :)11-IV ) (ANOVA
.

F


0.298 3 0.894
0.417 0.952
0.313 156 48.795
110


159 49.689
: SPSS. V 19 * ()0.05=

) (F
( )0.05
) (F ) )0.952 ( )0.417

.
: .

:H0
(.)0.05
- 1 ) :(H01
( )0.05=
:
T ( )Independent-samples T-test
(.)12-IV

( :)12-IV T .

T
0.05 0.254 1.870
: SPSS. V 19

( )9-IV )1.870( T
( )0.254 ( )0.05

.

111


-2 ) :(H02
( )0.05
.

) ( One Way ANOVA

(.)13-IV
( :)13-IV ) (ANOVA
.

F


1.153 3 3.459

0.000 3.091 0.373 156 58.267

159 61.726
: SPSS. V 19 * ()0.05=

) (F
( )0.05
) (F ( )3.091 ( )0.000

.

- 2 ) :(H03
( )0.05
.

112


) (One Way ANOVA

(.)14-IV

( :)14-IV ) (ANOVA
.
F


1.645 3 4.937

0.000 4.519 0.364 156 56.789

159 61.726
: SPSS. V 17 * ()0.05=

) (F
( )0.05
) (F ( )4.519 ( )0.000

.
-4 ) :(H04
( )0.05
.

) ( One Way ANOVA

(.)15-IV
( :)15-IV ) (ANOVA
.

113


0.088 2 0.176

0.800 0.224 0.392 157 61.550

159 61.726
: SPSS. V 17 * ()0.05=

) (F
( )0.05
) (F ) )0.224 ( )0.800

.

-5 ) :(H05
( )0.05
.

) (One Way ANOVA

(.)16-IV
( :)16-IV ) (ANOVA
.

F


2.113 3 6.341

0.000 5.952 0.355 156 55.385

159 61.726
: SPSS. V 17 * ()0.05=

114


) (F
( )0.05
) (F ( )5.952 ( )0.000
.
.

:



" : "

........ T

:
- .
- .
-
.
-
.

115


-
( : ).
-
( : ).
-
( ).

116
 ( ).

.


.
:




.

:
:.
:
- .
-
.
- :

.
-
.
.
- :
115
 ( ).

- :
.
- :

.
-


.
:
.
-
.
- :
.
-

.
-


.
-
.

116
 ( ).

- .
.
.
-
.
- ().
-
.
-
:
.
-
(.)0.05=
( )0.05= -
.
- ( )0.05=
( : ).
( )0.05= -
( : ).
- ( )0.05=
.

:.
:
117
 ( ).

- .
-
.
- .
- .
- .
- .
-
.
-
.
-
.

118

: ( . )

- 1 ( .)8
- 2 ( .)117
- 3 ( .)151

:
.1 :
-:
- 4 .)2005( . . .1. :
.
- 5 .)2011( . : - .. :
.
- 6 .)2008( . ( .) . :
.
- 7 .)2010( . : .. : .
- 8 .)2000( . .. : .
- 9 .)2001( . .. : .
- 10 .)2010( . . .1. : .
- 11 .)2009( . .. : .
.2 : .: - 12 .)2008( . :
.
- 13 .)2004( . .. : .
- 14 .)2009( . . .1. :
.
- 15 .)2000( . .. : .
- 16 .)2009( . . . : .

120
- 17 .)2009( . : .:
.
- 18 .)2007( . . . :
- 19 .)1995( . .. :
.
- 20 .)2003( . : . .1. :
.
- 21 .)2002( . . .1. :
.
- 22 .)2002( . . .1. :
.
- 23 .)2005( . .. :
.
- 24 .)2005( . . .1 . : .
- 25 .)2005( . . . : .
- 26 .)2009( . : . .1. : .
.
- 27 .)2006( . ( .) . . :
.
- 28 .)2008( . . .3. : .
- 29 . :
- 30 .)2000( . .. : .
- 31 .)2008( . . .:
.
- 32 .)1999( . : . .1 : .
- 33 .)2007( . . .2. : .
- 34 .)2004( . . .2 . :
.
- 35 .)2005( . . .1. : .

121
 - 36 .)2007( . .. : .
- 37 .)2004( . . :
.
- 38 .)2002( . ..:
.
- 39 .)2011( . . .1. :
- 40 .)2004( . :
. .1. : .
- 41 .)1999 ( . .. :
.
-:
- 42 " .)2009( .
" . : ..
- 43 " .)2012( .
: ".
.202
- 44 " .)2008( .
" . : . 15.2
- 45 " .)2010( .
. . 10 ".
.1
- 46 .)2006( .
.
10.2
- 47 ".)2006( .
: " . 33.
: - 48 " .)2010( . ".
..10

122
- 49 " .)2009( . " .
. : 77 .100-99 :
- 50 " .)2009( .
" . : :
. 17.2
- 51 " .)2007( . ".
. 3.8
- 52 " .)2010( . " .
: ..23
- 53 " .)2010 ( . :
".
: .26.2
- 54 " .)2009( . :
" . : 5.2
- 55 " .)2011( . ".
. : 27 1.157
- 56 " .)2006( .
: ".
1
- 57 " .)2008( . ".
: . 10.3
- 58 ( . )" . :
" . .27
- 59 " .)2010( . :
" . . : 262
- 60 ".)2012( . " .
.20.2
(" .)2009 - 61 .
. : . 36.1

123
 - :
- 62 .)2010( .
( . .)M.B.A .
- 63 .)2008( .

.
- 64 .)2010( .
: .
.
( .)2011 - 65 .
.
. .
- 66 .)2009( . :
. .
.
- 67 .)2009( . :
. .
.
- 68 .)2003( . :
.
.
- 69 .)2010( . :
.
.
- 70 .)2011( . :
. " "
.
- 71 .)2007( . .

.
124
- 72 .)2008( .
.
.
- 73 .)2006( . :
- ALGAL .EARA
.
- 74 .)2004( . :
. .
.
- 75 .)2002( .
. . .
- 76 .)2007 ( . :
. .
- 77 .)2007( .
. . .
- 78 .)2007( .
. . .
- 79 .)2005( . :
. .
.
- 80 .)2007( .
. . .
- 81 .)2010( . .
St. Clements .
- 82 .)2011( . :
.
.
- 83 .)2006( . :
.
.
125
 - 84 .)2003( .
.
.
- 85 .)2006( .
: . .
.
- 86 .)2010( . : .
.
.
-
- 87 .)2008( . :

-.
- 88 .)2002( . : .
.
- 89 .)2007( . .
. . ..
- 90 .)2007( . .
. . ..
- 91 .)2008( .
. .
.
- 92 .)2012( .
: . .
- 93 .)2008( .
.
.
- 94 .)2006( .

- 95 .)2009( . .
. .
126
- 96 .)2011( . :
.
.

- :
- 97 " .)2009( . " .
( 4-1) ..
- 98 " .)2011( .
" :
.
- 99 " .)2011( . : " .
: ( 19-18) . : .
- 100 .)2005( .
( 09-08) .
.
- 101 " .)2011( . " . :
( 19-18) . : .
" .)2006( . - 102
" . (-26
27) . : .
- 103 " .)2011( .
( )" .
( 19-18) . : .
- 104 " .)2011( . " .
(-13
14) . : 08 .1945
- 105 " .)2009( . " .
15-14) . : (
.

127
 " .)2009( . - 106
: ."
. .) 28-26(
" .)2007( . - 107
" : ."
. .) 18-17( " -

" .)2011( . - 108
: ."
. : .) 19-18(
: .2

A. Books.
109- Angelo, J. (2002). The Organization Culture Perspective, Chicago: Dorsa
press..
110- Robbins, P. (1998). Organizational Benhavio, 8th ed, New Jersey : Prentice
Hall International
111- Schein, E. H. (2004). Organizational culture and leadership, San
Francisco: Jossey Bass.
112- Schermerhorn,J. R., et al. (2000). Comportement Humain et
Organisation, 2me dition, Canada: village mondial.
B. periodicals
113- AL-Swidi, A., & Rosli, M. (2011). "How does Organizational Culture
Shape the Relationship between Eenterpreneurial Orientation and the
Organizational performance of Banks ? " . European Journal of Social
Sciences, Vol. 20, No. 1.
114- Dreger, A. (2002). "Situations for Innovation Towards a contingency
Model". European journal of Innovation management, Vol. 5, No. 1.
115- Eide, S. (2002). "Exploring Organizational Culture". Journal of Psychology,
New York: Vol. 15, No. 1.
116- Fakhar, S., et al. (2012). "Impact of Organizational Culture on
Organizational Performance: An Oreview". Interdisciplinary Journal of
Contemporary Research in Business, Vol. 3, No. 9.

128
117- Kavanagh, M. H., (2006)." The Impact of Leadership and Change
Management Strategy on Organizational Culture and Individual Acceptance
of Change during a Merger". British Journal of Management, Vol. 17,
No. 1.
118- Lunenburg, F. C., (2011). "Organizational Culture Rerformance
Relationships: Views of Excellence and Theory Z". National forum of
educational administration and supervision journal, New York: Vol. 29,
No. 4.
119- McDermott, R., & ODell, C. (2001). " Overcoming Cultural Barriers to
Sharing Knowledge ". Journal of Knowledge Management, Vol. 5, No. 1.
120- Ramano, C. (2004). "The impact of Organizational Culture and Person-
Organization Fit on Organizational Commitment and Jop Statisfaction".
The Leadership Organization Development Journal, Vol. 25, No. 7.

121- Willcoxson, L., & Millett, R. (2000). "The Management of Organizational

Culture". Journal of Management & Organizational
Behaviour, Australian: Vol.3, No.2.
122- Yong, T. T., & Chen, H. C. (2010). " Impact of role ambiguity and role
conflict on employee creativity". African journal of Business
Management, Taiwan, Vol. 4, No. 6..
C. Theses
123- Ollila, S. (2012). Open innovation and organizational creativity- do they
go together ?: A case study of the creative climate in an open
innovation arena. Master of Science Thesis, chalmers university of
technology, Gteborg, Sweden.
D. Seminary
124- Carrier, C., & garand, D. (1996). "Le concept dinnovation: dbats et
ambiguts". 5em confrence internationale de management
stratgique, )13 -15mai (. Lille, France.

129
 ()1

( )LMD

... ....

" " :
.


.
.

2013 -2012 :

131
 : .

() .
-1:

30 40 30 -2:

50 40 50

-3 :

((PGS

-4 :

5 10 5 -5 :

15 10 15

132
 : .
:

() .





-
1
2
3
4
-
5
6
(/) 7

8
9
-

10
11
( ) 12
-
13
14
15

133
 -
16
17
18
-
19
20
21
-
22
( ) 23
24

:

() .

-
1
2
3
4
5
6

134
 -
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
-

14
15
16
-
17
18
19
20
21

135
 ()2

. / 1
. / 2
. / 3
. / 4
. / 5

136