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COM
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1461 ) /94(

:
: /
.
: : .1387
293 [15] :.
: .1461 /94
978-964-387-482-7 :
:
: --
: - 1345
: - 1329
9 1387 :23QD411/
547/05 :
1247624 :

:
:

:
* * * :
1387..........
* * * :
.
 WWW.IRANMEET.COM

.
)(

.
)( .

)( .
.
)(
. )(
)( .

.

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1 :
1 1-1
5 2-1
6 3-1
7 4-1
13 5-1
14 6-1 18
20 7-1
28 8-1
29 1-8-1
32 2-8-1
33 3-8-1
34 9-1
36 1-9-1
37 2-9-1
38 3-9-1 -
39 10-1


WWW.IRANMEET.COM

40 11-1 -
40 12-1
42

45 :
45 1-2
47 2-2
47 1-2-2 s
49 2-2-2
49 3-2-2
50 3-2
50 1-3-2
51 2-3-2
51 3-3-2
52 4-3-2 M-H
54 4-2
57 5-2
57 1-5-2
58 2-5-2
59 3-5-2
60 4-5-2 )(
62 5-5-2
63 6-2 2 1 12
64 1-6-2
64 1-1-6-2
64 2-1-6-2
66 3-1-6-2
67 2-6-2
67 1-2-6-2


 WWW.IRANMEET.COM

69 2-2-6-2
71 3-6-2
73 4-6-2
75 5-6-2
78 6-6-2
80 7-6-2 -
80 1-7-6-2
82 2-7-6-2
84 3-7-6-2
86 4-7-6-2
88 5-7-6-2
91 8-6-2
94 9-6-2
95 1-9-6-2
96 2-9-6-2
97

101 : f
101 1-3
102 2-3
104 3-3 d -
104 1-3-3 -18
105 2-3-3
108 3-3-3 -
110 4-3-3
111 5-3-3
115 6-3-3
116 7-3-3
117 8-3-3


WWW.IRANMEET.COM

118 9-3-3
121 10-3-3 CO
123 4-3
124 1-4-3 -
126 1-1-4-3 -
129 2-4-3 -
131 3-4-3
132 1-3-4-3
135 2-3-4-3
136 3-3-4-3 M-C
137 4-4-3
145 5-4-3
147 5-3 -
149 1-5-3 -
149 1-1-5-3
150 2-1-5-3
52 2-5-3 )(
153 6-3
155 1-6-3
156 2-6-3
156 3-6-3 -...
157 1-3-6-3
161 7-3 -
163 1-7-3
166 2-7-3
167 3-7-3
167 1-3-7-3 -
167 2-3-7-3
168 3-3-7-3


 WWW.IRANMEET.COM

169 4-3-7-3
170

173 :
173 1-4
173 1-1-4

174 2-1-4

175 3-1-4 -

178 2-4 CnHn

180 1-2-4 C3R3+

181 2-2-4 C4H4

182 1-2-2-4

184 3-2-4 C5H5-

184 1-3-2-4 ..

186 2-3-2-4

188 3-3-2-4

192 4-3-2-4

194 5-3-2-4

195 6-3-2-4

196 7-3-2-4

198 8-3-2-4

200 9-3-2-4

203 4-2-4 C6H6

203 1-4-2-4 )(

205 2-4-2-4


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207 3-4-2-4

208 4-4-2-4

210 5-2-4 C7H7+

211 1-5-2-4

212 2-5-2-4

213 6-2-4 C8H8

216 1-6-2-4 C8H8

218

221 :

221 1-5

222 2-5

229 3-5

229 1-3-5

229 1-1-3-5 CO

231 2-1-3-5

233 2-3-5 -

235 1-2-3-5

236 3-3-5 -

236 4-3-5

238 4-5

238 1-4-5

240 2-4-5

241 3-4-5


 WWW.IRANMEET.COM

242 5-5

243 1-5-5

245 2-5-5

248 3-5-5

250 4-5-5

250 5-5-5

255 6-5-5

258 6-5

259 1-6-5 -

261 2-6-5 -

263

267

285

294

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.

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.
.


.
.

.

.
.

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.

.

.
.

.


. f .
d
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.
.


.


.

.
.

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1-1
- .

.
.

.
.


.


.
.

. Cr(CO)6 [Ni(H2O)6]2+
WWW.IRANMEET.COM

CO H2O
CO . PPh3 CN SCN
.
-
.

.

.
1-1 .

1-1
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CO

.

.

. 2-1
.

2-1

. 3-1
.
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3-1

- .
CO NO N2
. CO
.

.
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2-1

.
Ca[N(CH3)2]2 Ti(OC4H9)4 Fe(SC5H11)3
. ) C6H5Ti(OC4H9
(C5H5)2Zr(OOCCH3)2

) ( .


.

Se As P Si B Tl
.
: )
( 2/5 .
) (2/8 ) (3/5) (2/6 ) (4/0 ) (3/0 ) (2/8
) (2/7
.
) (2/2 .
) (2/6
) (2/0.

. Hg(CNO)2 CaC2 Fe(CN)64-
WWW.IRANMEET.COM

-
.

3-1

.


.
/
. ] [Rh(CO)2I2
H3TaCp2 .
.
..
.
B12
.
.
.
K Ca Mg Zn Si B P
.

.
 WWW.IRANMEET.COM

.
.
) (
.

.
.
-2 ) (I
.
.
Au-S )(
.

.

.

4-1
1827 ) (Zeise .
PtCl4 PtCl2 KCl
.
. 1868
) (BirnBaum .
WWW.IRANMEET.COM

.
.
K[Pt(C2H4)Cl3].H2O 4-1
.

H H
Cl
Cl C
Pt
C
Cl
H
H

4-1

.

1870 . 1890 Ni(CO)4
.
1898

.
-
.

.
 WWW.IRANMEET.COM

1827 1950
.

. 1951
) (Kealy ) (Panson
:

cyclo-C5H5MgBr
FeCl3
.
(C5H5)2Fe :
3Cyclo-C5H5MgBr + FeCl3 


(C5H5)2Fe + 1/2 C10H10 +
3MgBrCl

-
. 1956
C5H5 .
.
) ( D5d .
) ( D5h.

98
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10

D5
).(5-1

5-1

.
.

B12 .
6-1
- - .

. 1-1
.
. 1-1

.
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11

) (
.
5-C5H5
. (5-C5H5)2Fe
) (II . C5H5
CO .

6-1 B12
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12

1-1

-CH2-R, -CH3
)(

H2C=CH2

-
C3H5
)(
C-R
1 -3
C4H6

C4H4

)C5H5(CP

C6H6

C7H7+

C7H8

)C8H8(COT
 WWW.IRANMEET.COM

13

5-1
C5H5 5
.2-1
C5H5 .

2-1 C5H5

M 2- C5H5 1

M
2- C5H5 2

M 5C5H5 3

:1 .

)a) Cr(5-C5H5)(6-C6H6 ]b) [(5-C5H5Mn(CO)3

c) (3-CH2CHMeCH2)2Ni d) 6-C6H6)(4-Cyclohexa-1,3-diene)Fe
:

. :
WWW.IRANMEET.COM

14

Cr
Mn
OC CO
CO

Me

Fe
Ni

Me

) -2- ( ) 1- 3(

6-1 18
18 d
.
) (s2p6 18
) (s2p6d10 .

) (
. 18

.
 WWW.IRANMEET.COM

15

Cr(CO)6 18
.
d Cr - ) (HOMO (LUMO) -
CO .
7-1 .

eg

t2g

Cr Cr(CO)6 6CO

7-1 Cr(CO)6

6 d
Cr 18 .
18 12 6 CO
6
. 6 t2g .
WWW.IRANMEET.COM

16

Cr(CO)6 ) 18(
eg
.
t2g
) CO - t2g
( .
t2g CO
.
Cr(CO)6 18
. 6
18
Cr(CO)6 18 .
18 -1:
CO -) CO d(
eg .
-2 CO - t2g
.
- - 18
.
18
.

:2 Zn(en)32+ 22 18

 WWW.IRANMEET.COM

17

: t2g eg .
- CO .
d eg
Zn(en)32+ .
22 4 eg .
TiF62- 12
F - - . -
F t2g
. 12 TiF62-
t2g eg
. TiF62- 8-1 :

eg

d
t2g

M ML 6 6L
) (O h

8-1 ML6 TiF62

WWW.IRANMEET.COM

18

. 18
- .
Fe(CO)5 Ni(CO)4 .
. -16
d8 .
.
d8 16 9-1 :

H2 2-
Cl N NC CN
Pt Ni
Cl N NC CN
H2

Ph3P CO Cl PPh3
Ir Rh
Cl PPh3 Ph3P PPh3

9-1 d8 16

16

. 10-1
ML4 L - -
.
ML4 -
. d
) dyz dxz dxy (
 WWW.IRANMEET.COM

19

) dz2
( . 16
.
dx2-y2 - .
dx2-y2
.

d x2-y2

d z2

d
dxz dyz

dxy

M ) ML4( D4h 4L

10-1 ML4

- - 16
18 .
16
z
. .
WWW.IRANMEET.COM

20

16 d8
2+ Pd2+ Ni2+ Pt2+ 1+ Rh+
Ir+ .
. d8
9-1
.

7-1
d -
. d

16 18 .
3d
) .( Fe(CO)5

.
-18 :

: 3 Cr(CO)6 .

: (d6) Cr 6
. CO 2 .
:
Cr 6 e
6CO 6x2 12 e
18 e
 WWW.IRANMEET.COM

21

Cr(CO)6 -18
. Cr(CO)5 -16
Cr(CO)7 -20 .
. -17
[Cr(CO)6]+ 19 [Cr(CO)6)] -18
.

.
(5-C5H5)Fe(CO)2Cl :
) ( :
.
.
C5H5 - C5H5
6 . CO
Cl .
(Fe2+) 2+ 6
.
:
)Fe(II 6 e
5-(C5H5) 6 e
)2(CO 4 e
Cl 2 e
18

) ( :
.
WWW.IRANMEET.COM

22

. Cl O
2 N 3
.
.

.
(5-C5H5)Fe(CO)2Cl 8
. 5-C5H5 ) (
5 . CO 2
Cl .
:
Fe atom 8 e
5-C5H5 5 e
)2(CO 4 e
Cl atom 1 e
18

(5-C5H5)Fe(CO)2Cl 18 .
[PtCl3(C2H4)]
. : 10 d10
3
. 2 15
.
16 .
pt d10 = 10 e
 WWW.IRANMEET.COM

23

3 Cl 3x1 = 3 e
C 2 H4 2 = 2 e
1 = 1 e
16 e

.

.
[Mn(CO)6]+ [(5-C5H5)Fe(CO)2] 18 .
-
.
(CO)5Mn-Mn(CO)5
:
Mn 7 e
)5 (CO 10 e
Mn-Mn 1 e
18
3-1
.
.

- .
5
5 3 3 .
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24

.
.


.
CO
-
. CO - -
2
- .
- - 18
.
.

: 4 9-1 -16 :
: : ) (d10 10 CN-
14 2 .
16 .
: 10 1 2
16 .
: 9 2 1
2 PPh3 16 .
: 9 2 PPh3 1
16 .
 WWW.IRANMEET.COM

25

3-1

     

 ) (H H

 )  (X Cl, Br, I
 ) (OH OH
 ) (CN CN

 )  (CH3 CH3
 ) ( N=O )  NO (M-N-O
+
 )  (NO ) NO (M-N-O
  CO, PR3
  NH3, H2O
  )
('= CRR
  H2C=CH2
2- 2-
 )  (O ,S =O, =S
 ) (C3H5+ 3C3H5
  CR
3
 )  (N N
   

 )(C5H5 5C5H5
  6C6H6
 ) (C7H7+ 7C7H7

: 5 :
)) (3-C5H5)(5-C5H5)Fe(CO ) [(5-C5H5)2Co]+ ]) [Fe(CO)4
2-
WWW.IRANMEET.COM

26

) [Fe(CO)4]2- Fe2- 10 Fe 8
4CO 8 4CO 8
18 -2 2
18
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
) [(5-C5H5)2Co]+ Co3+ 6 Co 9
2CP- 12 2CP 10
18 1 -1
18
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
)) (3-C5H5)(5-C5H5)Fe(CO Fe 8 Fe 8
3-C5H5+ 2 3-C5H5 3
5 5
-C5H5 6 -C5H5 5
CO 2 CO 2
18 18
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

: 6 -18
.
a) (CO)5M=C(OCH3)2 b) [M(CO)7]+ c) [(4-C4H4)(5-C5H5)M]+
: a =C(OCH3)2 2 CO
CO 10 .
12 18 6
M Cr
.
 WWW.IRANMEET.COM

27

b 14 1
13 18 5
V.
c 4-C4H4 4 5-C5H5 5
9
8 18 10
.
: 7 - -18
.
a) Mn2(CO)10 b) [(C5H5(CO)2Mo]2
: a 5
Mn 7 17 .
1 18 -
.
b C5H5 5 4
9 Mo 6
15 18 3
- .
) ( x : 8 -18
.

a) [Co(CO)3(PPh3)]x b) [Re(CO)5(PF3)]x
PPh3 : a
2 6 9
17 . 1
18 . x = -1
WWW.IRANMEET.COM

28

b Re 7 CO 10
PF3 2 19
-18 ). ( x = 1

8-1

.

. Fe(H2O)5(F)2+
.
) (III
:
Co(NH3)62+ +6H2O )Co(H2O)62+ + 6NH4+ (G0 < 0

.
.

.
.

.

.

 WWW.IRANMEET.COM

29

)(
.


. .

.
[Ru(NH3)5H2O]3+ N2
[Ru(NH3)5N2]2+ .

1-8-1

.

.

.


.
.

.
.
WWW.IRANMEET.COM

30

.
.
) (LFSE
6
.
)M2+(g) + 6 H2O(l) M(H2O)62+(aq
-H


.

11-1 )( .
 WWW.IRANMEET.COM

31

11-1 ) ( - Hhyd.

.
LFSE 4-1 .
LFSE
d .

4-1 . LFSE

:9
500

.
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32

: -
-

. Si-C Si(CH3)4
Si C
. 11-1

. Ti(CH3)4 Ti
Ti-C .
:10 Pb(Me)4
:
Heat
Me4Pb Pb(s) + 2C2H6 H = -306 kj/mole

. .
:


.

2-8-1

. )
( CO2 H2 .
.
Me2Hg IVB
 WWW.IRANMEET.COM

33

. Me3In Me2Zn Me3Sb

.
5p Me3In
Me3Sb .
IVB
.

: 11 Ga(CH3)3 Sb(CH3)3
Sn(CH3)4 .
.
: Ga(CH3)3 Sb(CH3)3
4p GaMe3 SbMe3
. SnMe4
.
ZnMe2 .

3-8-1

.
.
IA IIA
.
-
.
2p AlMe3
WWW.IRANMEET.COM

34

BMe3 . IVB VB
.
.


.

:12 Si(CH3)4 CCl4 SiCl4.

.
: :
- .
Si(CH3)3 Si-C CCl4
SiCl4
Si-Cl .

9-1

-
.
) .(12-1

) 2/5 (
M-C .
 WWW.IRANMEET.COM

35

12-1

- .

-
.


.
:
-1
-2
WWW.IRANMEET.COM

36

-3 -

.
d


.
.

1-9-1
.

.

.
.

)
(
. Na+ Ph3 Na+ C5H5
C5H5 6
C5H5 6
) (
.
 WWW.IRANMEET.COM

37

. Na+C CH
) sp (sp3
.

2-9-1
Mg Be Li Al

) ( .


.

. AlPh3 (AlPh3)2
(LiMe)4 (Me2Mg)n .
) 3c, 2e
-( .

.
d
.
Os5(CO)16 Fe3C(CO)15 , Fe3(CO)12 [Nb6Cl12]2+
2-1 3-1 .
-
WWW.IRANMEET.COM

38

) 2c,2e - (
.

: 13 Al2(C6H5)6 :
(Me2AlH)3 (Me2AlH)2 . [LiAlEt4]n
: :

Me2
Al
Ph Ph H H
Al Al
Ph Ph
Me2Al AlMe2
H
(Me2AlH)3
Al2(C6H5)6

Me H
Me
Al Al
Me Me
H
(Me2AlH)2

Et Et Et
Li Al Li Al
Et Et Et
[LiAlEt4]n

3-9-1 -


M-C . M-C
. Me3Al Al-C
 WWW.IRANMEET.COM

39

B-C Me3B
( Xc- XAl = 0/9) Al-C ( Xc- XB = 0/4) B-C.

10-1
M-C
- .
) (MRn )
( d
. Et4Ni
Et4Ti Me4Ti Me6W
.
M-C
G .

d .
M-C
M-C
d
.
d 2s 2p
d .

s p
.
WWW.IRANMEET.COM

40

d
5d 4d 4d 3d
.

11-1 -
S Se
- - .
R3P=CH2 R3P=O
p 3d
- .

.

.

M-C .
(ButO)3W CEt (CO)5W=C(OMe)Me
(n-1)d p .

12-1

4 .
d

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41

.
.

. 13-1
.

13-1 .
WWW.IRANMEET.COM

42

) ((n-1),d ,np , ns .
d
.


.

3 .

-1 .
a) V(CO)6 b) Mn2(CO)10 C) PtCl3(C2H4)]
-2 18
a) Fe(CO)5 b) [Rh(bipy)2Cl]+ c) Os(CO)(CPh)(PPh3)2Cl
d) Re(PPh3)2Cl2N
-3 16
a) Ir(CO)Cl(PPh3)2 b) RhCl(PPh3)3 c) cis-PtCl2(NH3)2
-4 -18
.
a) H3CM(CO)5 b) M(CO)2(CS)(PPh3)Br c) [(3-C3H3)(5-C5H5)M]+
-5 - -18
.
5 5 2-
a) [( -C5H5)Fe(CO)2]2 b) [( -C5H5)Mo(CO)2]2
-6 -16
.
 WWW.IRANMEET.COM

43

) a) [M(PF3)2(NO)2]+ ( NO
b) [M(CO)3(NO)] c) MCl(CO)(PPh3)3
-7 -18 ) x (
.
a) [Ni(CO)3(NO)]x ) b) [Co(CO)3]x ( NO
c) [Ru(CO)4(GeMe3)]x d) [(5-C5H5)Fe(CO)3]x

-8 x .
) a) [(5-C5H5)W(CO)x]2 ( W-W, b) [(CO)3Ni-Co(CO)3]x
) c) [(5-C5H5)Mn(CO)x]2 (Mn=Mn,
-9
.

a) CN b) P(CH3)3 c) SCN
-10 Co

)a) C2H4 b c) C6H6 )d ) e

-11 Al2(CH3)6 Ga(CH3)3 .

-12
.
-13 .
)a. B(OCH3 b. (NaCH3)4 c. B(CH3)3 )d. SiCl3(CH3
]e. Na[B(C6H5)4 f. N(CH3)3
-14 Ga Al B In
Al B .
-15 .
a. RbCH3 b. Li4(C2H5)4 c. Al2Cl2(C6H5)4 d. BCl(C6H5)2
e. SiH(C2H5)3
WWW.IRANMEET.COM
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1-2

: .

- .
C5H5-Na+ CH3-K+
.

.
Mg Be Li B Al
) -(
.


. -
-
.
WWW.IRANMEET.COM

46

. 3
d f 5
.
M-C
.
.
.

.

) (Frankland
1849 .
. 1912 )(Grignard

.
Al B Mg Li Si
.
.
.
p
.
s
-
] Na[C10H8
.
 WWW.IRANMEET.COM

47

2-2

.
: - s
.
Si B
Ge As .

1-2-2 s

.
S -
.
.

. Li4(CH3)4

Li4 CH3
-
) ( 4c, 2e ) .(1-2

.
Fe3(CO)12 .
WWW.IRANMEET.COM

48

H
H H
C

1-2 4c,2e Li4(CH3)4

Be Mg
-) (3c,2e
[Be(CH3)2]n [Mg(CH3)2]n .

CH3 CH3 CH3

M M M M
CH3 CH3 CH3
M= Be , Mg

*
. ] Na[C10H8 [C10H8]-
)* (
.

.
) (THF
((CH3)2N)3PO .
 WWW.IRANMEET.COM

49

2-2-2
ZnH2 12
) ( Cd(CH3)2 Zn(CH2)2
Hg(CH3)2
:
H 3C M CH3


. 12

.
Be Mg
-
) (2c, 2e .
R-M-R
. CH3

p d s p

sp3.

3-2-2
BH3

.
WWW.IRANMEET.COM

50

).(1

3c,2e .

Ga(CH3)3 Ga Al.

CH3
CH3
H3C
Al
Al
CH3
H3C
CH3

3-2

-
. :
-1
-2
-3
-4

1-3-2
:

2M + (Ar)RX MR(Ar) + MX
 WWW.IRANMEET.COM

51

2Li + CH3Cl LiCH3 + LiCl

Al Mg Zn .
:

( Mg + CH3Br CH3MgBr
C2 H 5 ) 2 O

2-3-2
:

M + MR M + MR

M M Hg
2 1 3 Hg
:

2 Ga + 3Hg(CH3)2 3 Hg + 2Ga(CH3)3

3-3-2
:
MR + EX MX + ER

R X :
Li4(CH3)4 + SiCl4 4 LiCl + Si(CH3)4

Al2(CH3)6 + 2BF3 2 AlF3 + 2B(CH3)3

.
WWW.IRANMEET.COM

52

.:

MR + EX ER + MX

M = ( Li, Mg, Al, Zn) E = ( Si, B, As, )P

= 0/98 1/31 1/61 1/65 1/90 2/04 2/18 2/19

.

:

SiCl4 + (CH3)4Si (CH3)3SiCl + (CH3)2SiCl2 + (CH3)SiCl3 +

:1 Al2(CH3)6 GeCl4 .
:
Al .
Ge .
.
3 GeCl4 + 2 Al2(CH3)6 3 Ge(CH3)4 + 4 AlCl3

4-3-2 M-H
:
E-H + CH2 = CH2 EH2C-CH3
C-H M-H
C-H M-H
C-H . :
:
H3BOR2 + RCH = CH2
RCH2CH2BH2
R2O
 WWW.IRANMEET.COM

53

:
H 2 PtCl6 ;i Pr OH
SiH4 + CH2 = CH2 CH3CH2SiH3

B Si

.

: 2 . )
( .
.
: - Ca : Hg(CH3)2

:
Ca + Hg(CH3)2 Ca(CH3)2 + Hg
Hg : Zn(C2H5)2 Hg -
Zn :
Hg + Zn(C2H5)2
- LiCH3 SiPh3Cl : Li
:
)LiCH3 + SiPh3Cl LiCl + SiPh3(CH3
Si(CH3)4 ZnCl2 : -
Si Zn :
Si(CH3)4 + ZnCl2
- C2H4 : SiH(CH3)3
.
. C-Si H-Si
. :
SiH(CH3)3 + C2H4 Si(C2H5)(CH3)3
WWW.IRANMEET.COM

54

4-2

.
III/13 V/15
.

Pb Tl Bi .
M-C
. 1-2
.
1-2 )(B/(kJmol-1

12 13/III 14/IV 15/V
E(CH3)2 E(CH3)3 E(CH3)4 E(CH3)3

B C N
365 358 314
Al Si P
274 311 276
Zn Ga Ge As
177 247 249 229
Cd In Sn Sb
139 160 217 214
Hg Tl Pb Bi
121 152 141

) ( .
Pb(CH3)4 Pb-C
 WWW.IRANMEET.COM

55

) ( .
.

.
.

.
.
.
. C(CH3)4

.
.
Tl Hg Pb
:
RnM nR + M
:
Me4Pb Pb + 2C2H6 H = -306 kjmole-1

.

) ( .

. IVB
.
WWW.IRANMEET.COM

56

:3 -1
-2 . -3.
-4 . .
.
)Li4(CH3)4 ) Zn(CH3)2 ) (CH3)MgBr ) B(CH3)3
) Al2(CH3)6 ) Si(CH3)4 ) As(CH3)3

: - .
) Li+
( . )
LiOCH3 (.
-
.
)
(.
-
.
- .
Zn Mg . B Li
-
.
) Ti(IV ) Ti(III .
- ) (
.
 WWW.IRANMEET.COM

57

.
NMR
.
- As

As .

5-2

.

.

.

B(CH3)3 Zn(CH3)2 Li4(CH3)4 Al2(CH3)6
. Si(CH3)4 Sn(CH3)4

.

1-5-2

.
WWW.IRANMEET.COM

58

) ( .
M-H .

C
M C M H + C C
H
)(
M M C
C
H H
)(
2-2 :( (

:
R H
M CH2
R CH2


.
.
. Ti(CH2Ph)4

Ti(CH2CH3)4
.

2-5-2
)(
. :
 WWW.IRANMEET.COM

59

-1 -2 -3 M-C
.

M-C .
IA IIA Ga Al Cd Zn
In .
Al(CH3)3 Al-C
B(CH3)3 2p
B-C .
.

3-5-2

.
.

.

.
Zn(CH3)2 Li4(CH3)4
Me3Sb Al2(CH3)6 B(CH3)3 Me3In .
.
IVB . Si(CH3)4 Sn(CH3)4

WWW.IRANMEET.COM

60

. .
.
H2O CO2

.

4-5-2


.
.

R2SO

R-E RSO2Cl
SOCl2

X-E SO2Cl2

R2CO, H2O RLi H2 O

R3C-OH RH
RMg

HX O2
RCHO
H2 O
RH
ROH

R2CH-OH

3-2
 WWW.IRANMEET.COM

61

.
B Si
.
3-2 .

.

.

.
:

C2H5
H C2H5 H
C2H5 Ga
:O CH3 C2H5 Ga O CH3 (C2H5)2Ga(OCH3) + C2H6
C2H5
C2H5

.
Al2(CH3)6 + 6 C2H5OH 2Al(OC2H5)3 + 6 CH4

.

R H

R3Al O 'R Al O K2AlOR' + RH

H R 'R
R
WWW.IRANMEET.COM

62

) (T

R ) (C8H17

:
K(H-OCH3)/K(T-OCH3) =2/9

5-5-2

.
. B(C6H5)3


) (C6H5 Li+ C6H5-
:
]B(C6H5)3 + Li(C6H5) Li [B(C6H5)4

) B(III ) Li(I
. C6H5 )B(III
)..Li(I
 WWW.IRANMEET.COM

63

Al2(CH3)6 .
Al2(CH3)6 + 2N(C2H5)3 2(CH3)3AlN(C2H5)3
) Al-CH3-Al -
( :
H3C CH2 CH3
Al Al
CH2 CH3
H3C
THF
THF Li . Li4(CH3)4
Al2(i-Bu)6 - Bi(CH3)3 - :4
.
: - p Bi-C
)( .
:

2 Bi(CH3)3 2 Bi(s) + 3 H3C-CH3
- Al2(i-Bu)6 .
- :
-1 -2
M-H:

2 Al(i-Bu)2H +2 i-C4H8 2 Al(i-Bu)3 Al2(i-Bu)6

6-2 2 1 12
1221 Mg Li

Zn Hg .
WWW.IRANMEET.COM

64

1-6-2
1-1-6-2

.
.
.
. .

.
.
Li2CH2 ) (
.

2-1-6-2


.
.
:
- :
.
.

.
 WWW.IRANMEET.COM

65

RX + 2 Li + RLi + LiX
Ether
X = Cl, Br, I
C2H4Br + 2 Li LiC2H4 + LiBr
Hexane

-n .
- : :
RLi + RX RLi + RX X = F, Cl, Br, I
.
R R R
RLi .
Csp> Csp2>Csp3 . Li

Li .
BuLi + ph2C=CHBr ph2C=CHLi + BuBr
BuLi + phBr phLi + BuBr
- :

:
RH + RLi RLi + RH
RH RH
:
phCC-H + phLi phCCLi + phH
- :
.
:
4phLi + (CH2=CH)4Sn 4H2C=CHLi + ph4Si

:
WWW.IRANMEET.COM

66

H H
THF
Et C OR + BuLi Et C OR + Bu4Sn
-78 C
SnBu3 Li
:5
:
.
CH2I2 + 2Hg + CH2(HgI)2
CH2(HgI)2 + 4Li CH2Li2 + 2Hg + 2LiI

3-1-6-2

C10H8 . THF
:
Na + C10H8 THF
] Na [C10H8
EPR C10H8
.
.


.
.

.

.
.
 WWW.IRANMEET.COM

67

.
C-H
Na NaH :
C5H6 + Na THF
Na[C5H5] + 1/2 H2
p
) (
.
d .

2-6-2



Be .
.
.
Be(t-Bu)2 .

1-2-6-2
Mg Be
:
BeCl2 + 2 RMgX + (C2H5)2O (C
2H BeR20O(C2H5)2 + 2MgXCl
5 )2 O
WWW.IRANMEET.COM

68

Be Hg :
Be + Hg(CH3)2 Be(CH3)2 + Hg
)(
.
] Na[C5H5 :
BeCl2 + 2 Na[C5H5] Be(C5H5)2 + 2NaCl

) 4-2( C5H5
. 5 5
C5H5 . C5H5
1 ) 4-2( . X
5- C5H5 1- C5H5 .

Be
Be

4-2 ) (

:
Be(CH3)2 + CH3OH (CH3)Be(OCH3) + CH4

:
Be(CH3)2 + N(CH3)3 (CH3)2BeN(CH3)3
 WWW.IRANMEET.COM

69

(CH3)2
H3C N
CH2
Be(CH3)2 + (CH3)2NCH2CH2N(CH3)2 Be
CH2
H3C N
(CH3)2
Be
.

2-2-6-2


.

.

) (
:
RX + Mg ether
RMgX

R
.

.
) (Schlenk

:
( 2 RMgX MgR2 + MgX2
C2 H 5 ) 2 O
WWW.IRANMEET.COM

70

) (C4H8O2
MgX2- (C4H8O2)
.


  .
) (3 ) (4
) (5 .


. BF3 CH3MgBr
(CH3)3 BO (C2H5)2 .


.
) (THF
.

R-R .
R.
R .


.
 WWW.IRANMEET.COM

71

Pr2iO Et
Br
O
Mg Mg
O
Br OPr2i
Et Mg
Me Me
O
5

6
Et
O
O Et2O
Cl
Mg
O Mg
Cl
Cl Cl Mg
Cl Et
Mg O Br
Mg
Cl Et2O
O O
Et

4 3

3-6-2
Cd Zn Hg

:
ZnCl2 + Al2(CH3)6 Zn(CH3)2 + [(CH3)2AlCl]2
) (
. .

).( 7
WWW.IRANMEET.COM

72

N
CH3
Zn
CH3
N

7
C-Zn C-Cd
. C=O
M-C
:
Zn(CH3)2 + (CH3)2C=O (CH3)3 C-O- ZnCH3

.
.

)( C5H5

) (8

) (9 C5H5 .
CH3 CH3

Zn Zn Zn

Zn
8 9
) Hg(II
:
2 RMgX + HgX2 HgR2 + MgX2
 WWW.IRANMEET.COM

73

.
.

.
.
.

Hg(CH3)2 [HgCH3]+ .
.

.

4-6-2
13/ III
.
) (3c, 2e
.
-22
.
.

.
Bu 2O
BF3 + 3 CH3MgBr B(CH3)3 + 3 MgBrF
WWW.IRANMEET.COM

74

.

] [BR4 .
.
.
. B
-2 1
:

OH O
+ BR3 B R + RH
OH O

.
:
3 BCl3 + 6 AlR3 3 R2BCl + 6 AlR2Cl
R2BCl
:
(CH3)2 BCl + HOR (CH3)2 BOR + HCl

(CH3)2 BCl + (C4H9)Li (CH3)2 B (C4H9) + LiCl

B-N . C-C
.
 WWW.IRANMEET.COM

75

5-6-2

.
sp3 CH3 1s
B2H6 )
( .
H3
C CH 3
H 3C

Al Al
H 3C CH 3
C
H3

Al-C-Al 75
. .
H3
C CH3 Cl CH3
H 3C H 3C
0
75 0 91
Al Al Al Al
H 3C CH3 CH3
C H 3C Cl
H3

5-2 :( 3c,2e Al2CH3( 2c,2e Al2C

:
Al2(CH3)6 2 Al(CH3)3 K = 1/52 x 10-8
WWW.IRANMEET.COM

76

Al2(C4H9)6 2 Al (C4H9)3 K = 2/2 x 10-4

) (11
.

H3C CH3

CH3


.
.


:
2 Al + 3 Hg(CH3)2 Al2(CH3)6 + 3 Hg

(CH3)4Al2Cl2 Na :
3 (CH3)4Al2Cl2 + 6 Na Al2(CH3)6 + 2 Al + NaCl

H2 :
o
2Al + 3 H2 + 6 RHC=CH2 60 110C ; 200500atm
Al2(CH2CH2R)6
Al-H
C = C .

.

 WWW.IRANMEET.COM

77

. .
Al-R
:
R2Al 'OR
2AlR3 + 2HOR'2 + 2RH
R'O AlR2

R2Al 'NR
2AlR3 + 2HNR'2 + 2RH
R 'N AlR2

.

.
:
H
2Al(i-C4H9)3 (i-C4H9)2Al Al(i-C4H9)2 )+ 2(i-C4H8
H
) (H
3c,2e .
.

-6
:
a) B(iPr)3 , b) Al (C2H5)2Ph c) Al(C2H5)2P(CH3)2

(a :
B C .
(b
WWW.IRANMEET.COM

78

.
:
PR2 > X > H > Ph > R
b c : R
(CH3)2
Ph Ph
b) (C2H5)2Al Al(C2H5)2 )c (C2H5)2Al Al(C2H5)2
Ph Ph
(CH3)2

6-6-2
13/ III
.
3 .

.
.

.
[CH3TlCH3]+
.
CH3HgCH3.
GaCl3
:
3 Li4 (C2H5)4 + 4 GaCl3 12 Li + 4 Ga(C2H5)3


 WWW.IRANMEET.COM

79

(C2H5)2OGa(C2H5)3 .
:
]Li4(C2H5)4 + GaCl3 3 LiCl + Li [Ga(C2H5)4

:
n Ga(CH3)3 + n H2O [(CH3)2 GaOH]n + n CH4 4 n = 2, 3

2 Ga(CH3)3 + 2 ROH [Ga (CH3)2 OR]2 + 2 CH4

GaR2
(12) Ga(CH3)2
:
+
H3C
H2
Ga N
H3C
H2N CH2
C
H2

12

.

. (5-C5H5)Tl , (5-C5H5)In
.

] Na[C5H5 TlCl
. Tl
.
WWW.IRANMEET.COM

80

7-6-2 -
14/ IV

.
4
. Si
Sn Pb
.

1-7-6-2
M-C Al Si-C
.
.
(CH3)3Si-O-Si(CH3)3 .

. Si-O-Si
O * d Si
): (13

Si E Si

Si-O .
Si-O
.
 WWW.IRANMEET.COM

81

O
. (SiH3)3N
.

:
BuLi + Si(CH3)4 Li [CH2Si(CH3)3] + BuH

.

:7 :
(H3C)3N ) (H3Si)3N (H3C)2O ) (H3Si)2O

: O N 13
(H3C)2O
(H3C)3N .
B(CH3)3
Si (H3Si)2O (H3Si)3N B(CH3)3
.
14/ VI
:
Li4(CH3)4 + SiCl4 4LiCl + Si(CH3)4


. 1940

:
o

Si + RX 250 RnSiX4-n
550 C ;Cu
WWW.IRANMEET.COM

82

.

.

2-7-6-2
14/IV
.
.
)2 SiCl4 + Si(CH3)4 x SiCl(CH3)3 + y SiCl2(CH3)2 + z SiCl3(CH3
AlCl3
. Si-Cl
SiCl4
Si(CH3)4 :
SiCl4 : SiCl3(CH3) : SiCl2(CH3)2 : SiCl(CH3)3 : Si(CH3)4
1 4 6 4 1

.

:
4 SiCl3(C6H5) + 3 Li4(CH3)4 4 Si(CH3)3 (C6H5) + 12 Li

.
2:
] = k [SiR3X][Y
 WWW.IRANMEET.COM

83

k Y .

Si C 5
. 5 Si 5

.

.


:
_
A A A
-
Y Si
C + X Y Si X Y- + C Si X

B B C B

Y H
OR . 5

.
_ _
A A

Y Si X Y Si C

B C B X

:
WWW.IRANMEET.COM

84

_
A A

Y Si C Y Si
X + C-

B X B

Si 5
.
5

.

3-7-6-2
Si-X
Si-O . Si-Cl
H-N H-O H-S Si-C
.
. Si-Cl
:
2 (CH3)3SiCl + 2 H2O 2[(CH3)3 SiOH] = 2HCl
Si-O-Si
:
2[(CH3)3 SiOH] (CH3)3 Si-O-Si (CH3)3 + H2O
Si-OH
Si(OH)4
. Si-OH
.
) (14 :
(CH3)2 SiCl2 + H2O HO [ Si(CH3)2O]n H + [(CH3)2 SiO]4 + etc..
 WWW.IRANMEET.COM

85

H3C
CH3
H3C O Si
Si O
H3C
CH3
O Si
Si O CH3
H3C CH3
14
RSiCl3
) (15 :

R R
Si O Si
O O
R O O
R
Si O Si
R Si O Si
R
O O
O O

Si O Si
R R
15

Si-N .
(CH3)3SiCl NH3 ((CH3)3 Si)2NH .
Si
.

:

n[(CH3)2 SiO]4+(CH3)3 Si-O-Si (CH3)3 H 2SO 4

(CH3)3SiO[Si(CH3)2O] 4n Si(CH3)3

Si(CH3)3
.
WWW.IRANMEET.COM

86

.

.
) (
.
.

: 8

.
:
Al .

:
Al2(CH3)6 + 6 H2O 2 Al (OH)3 + 6 CH4
Al H2O
. Si C
.
.


.

4-7-6-2
.
R3Si-SiR3 . R3Si-SiR2-SiR3
 WWW.IRANMEET.COM

87

Si-Si C-C
. ) (16 ) (17
:

H 3C CH 3
CH3
CH 3 H 3C
Si Si
(CH 3 ) 3 Si Si Si(H 3 C) 3 Si Si
CH 3
H 3C
CH 3 n H 3C
16 17 CH 3

-78
:
)(CH3)OC2H4O(CH3
3 (xyl)2SiCl2 + ]6 Li[C10H8 (xyl)2Si Si(xyl)2 + 6LiCl + 6C10H8
-78 C
Si(xyl)2

Xyl ) -26 ( .
Si-X
X Si-Si .
Si = Si .
Si Ge

. UV
.

Si-Si Ge-Ge *
Si-Si Ge-Ge .

.
WWW.IRANMEET.COM

88

) * (
Si-Si :
R 2O +
Si6(CH3)12 + Na ] Na [Si6(CH3)12
EPR
Si
EPR .

5-7-6-2
Si = C Si = Si
. .
Si-Si Si = Si .
Si = Si Si = C
. C = C
.
Si Ge .
Si = C
:
(CH3)2 Si CH2
2 (CH3)2 Si = CH2 Si(CH3)2
C
H2
Si
)( (CH3)2Si = CH2
.

.

 WWW.IRANMEET.COM

89

. Si = C Si = Si


.
Si-Si
. Si = Si
:
h 3 (xyl)2 Si = Si(xyl)2
2 (iyx)2Si Si(xyl)2

Si
(xyl)2
) (Xyl Si
.
Si = Si
Si- Si . ( (MeS)2Si =
Si = Si 2/16 0/2 Si(MeS)2
Si-Si .
R2Si = SiR2
. 14/IV
.

.
.
*
400 nm nm
200.
WWW.IRANMEET.COM

90

C=C Si = Si

2p

3p

3eV, 400 nm
6 eV , 200 nm

3p

2p

6-2

.

*

) ( * )
(.
Si = Si
. .
.

H X

R2Si SiR2 + HX R Si Si R

R R
 WWW.IRANMEET.COM

91

X X

R2Si SiR2 + X2 R Si Si R

R R
X = Cl, Br . ROH
:
'OR H

R2Si SiR2 + R'OH R Si Si R

R R
:

H
'R
C C

R2Si SiR2 + R'C CH R Si Si R

R R
:9 R2Si = SiR2 R2SiCl2
R .
: Si-Si
. R2SiCl2
:
3R2SiCl2 + 6Li[C10H8] cyclo-(SiR2)3 + 6LiCl + 6C10H6
hv
2cyclo-(SiR2)3 3R2Si = S-R2
R
.

8-6-2

Si Ge .
WWW.IRANMEET.COM

92

.
) Sn(II) Pb(II ) Ge(II
. s p
p Si C
Sn Pb Ge
.
Si-C

100 .
:

)Pb(CH3)4 (g Pb(s) + 4 CH3


.


.
.
.
.
.

.
 WWW.IRANMEET.COM

93

.

:
R R
R
CH 3 R
Sn Sn
(CH 3)3Ge Ge Ge(H 3C)3 Sn Sn
R
R
CH 3 n R R
16 17
) (R2Ge = CR2 ) ( R2Sn = CR2
) (R2Ge = GeR2 ) (R2Sn = SnR2 .
Si
R .
.
sp
:
sp 2

p
R
R
Sn Sn
R
R
p

sp 2
18
Ge-Ge Sn-Sn

WWW.IRANMEET.COM

94

GeR2 . SnR2
SnR2
GeR2 . Sn(5-C5H5)2 Pb(5-
C5H5)2 :

Sn

19

.

9-6-2
N P
.
.
+3 +5 :

Ph
1.96
As Ph Ph
H3C CH3 As
0
H3C 96
Ph
Ph
20 21

As .
 WWW.IRANMEET.COM

95

1-9-6-2

d .
) As(III ) P(III
.
) AS(V :
As(CH3)3 + (CH3)Br [As(CH3)4]Br

[ AsPh4+]
:
Ph3As = O + PhMgBr [AsPh4]Br + MgO

Ph O2- ) As(V

) As(V .


.
) As(V . ) As(III
) .(.22
).(23
H As
H H
Mo
OC CO
H As H
OC
22 23
WWW.IRANMEET.COM

96

) As(V :
[AsPh4]Br + LiPh AsPh5 + LiBr

VSEPR .
SbPh5 .
As(CH3)5 .

: 10 Ge As
:
: +4
. ) (II .
) As(V As(CH3)5 ) (III
As(CH3)3 .


.
CH3 .
.

2-9-6-2
((CH3)2As)2
. (PhAs)6 .
:
6 PhAsI2 + 12 Hg ( PhAs)6 + 6Hg2I2
As As As3
.24
 WWW.IRANMEET.COM

97

H3C

C
H2C CH2
H2C

As As

As
24
E = E

RE = ER E As P Sb
) .(25
H
Si(CH 3) 3
C(CH 3 )3 C
' E=E Si(CH3 )3

(H 3 C)3C C(CH 3) 3
25

-1 :
- - - -
- .
-2 -
. - . -
- ) .
(:
WWW.IRANMEET.COM

98

a) Li4(CH3)4 , b) Zn(CH3)2 , c) (CH3)MgBr , d) B(CH3)3

e) Al2(CH3)6 , f) Si(CH3)4 , g) As(CH3)3
-3
.
- . - . - .
-4
.

]a) Na[C10H8 ] Na[C14H10 ] Na2[C10H8 ]b) Na[C10H8

) ] [C10H8 ] [C14H10 (.
-5 :
- . SiCl2(CH3)2 - SiCl2(CH3)2
-6 Si
) ( .
-7 .
- Si(CH3)4 Sn(CH3)4 300 .
- Si(CH3)4 B(CH3)3 Li4(CH3)4 Si(CH3)Cl3
- Si(CH3)4 . As(CH3)3
- Li4(CH3)4 Hg(CH3)2 . GeCl4
-8 Si6(CH3)12 Na
] [Si6(CH3)12 .
Si6(CH3)12 .
-9 R2Si=Si-R2 R2SiCl
R .
-10 Al2(iBu)4H2 .
-11
 WWW.IRANMEET.COM

99

-12 Pb(CH3)4 .
-13 Si N
(H3Si)3N (H3C)3N .
-14 Al2(CH3)6 Ga(CH3)3 .
-17
. C
H
WWW.IRANMEET.COM
 WWW.IRANMEET.COM

1-3
.
:
- - :
nd
ns np
(n-1)d .
d
.
- CO
-
/ .( M )L
. 1-3
. -
d -
WWW.IRANMEET.COM

102

d
.

1-3

- -
:
.
- :
-

.

2-3

. CH3 H C5H5
 WWW.IRANMEET.COM

103 f

-1
. ) (II [Fe(C5H5)2]+
) (III . -5 -
) (II . -8

[C8H8]2- .
U U(C8H8)2 +4
-8 - ) (IV.
-
.
) Fe(II) U(IV ) Fe(III
.


.
d - 6
. ) U(IV
) W(VI W(CH3)6 ) Re(VII (C5H5)ReO3
.

Re
O O

O
1
WWW.IRANMEET.COM

104

: 1 Ir Cl ) IrCl(CO)(PPH3 .
: CO PPH3
Ir . Cl -
-1 . )
( Ir +1.
Ir + (-1) + (0) + (0)2 = 0 Ir = +1

d 3-3 -
d
.
3 .

.

1-3-3 -18
-18 / ) (

.
18) Sidgwick (1927
) (VB - .
d
18 .
. -18
 WWW.IRANMEET.COM

105 f

) (EAN .
:
-
) CO PF3
- ( o .
- t2g
6 .
- * eg .
- -18
-18 V(CO)6 17 WMe6 12
.

2-3-3
-
.
.
) CO (2-3 HOMO
) ( C . CO

)(2
LUMO CO * .
C-M
d ) t2g (
) (3
WWW.IRANMEET.COM

106

d CO . CO
. CO
d - .
C CO 4 O

LUMO 2
2p

2p

3
HOMO

2s
2
2s
1

2-3 :CO 3
2 .

3
 WWW.IRANMEET.COM

107 f

CO IR


CO CO
.
CO
* CO ) .(3
1-3
CO .

    


   CO

cm-1
2143 )CO(g
2090 [Mn(CO)6]+
2000 Cr(CO)6
1860 ][V(CO)6
1750 [Ti(CO)62-

) (4 ) (5 .
- - .
CO :
MC=O > M2C=O > M3C=O
3-3
CO *
.
WWW.IRANMEET.COM

108

3-3 CO CO

3-3-3 -
CO -
. CO
- :
NO+ > C=S > CNR > NN > CN
- CO
. CO
- CO .
- d
CO CO
* CO .
- . -
CO
* CO .
 WWW.IRANMEET.COM

109 f

- CN NO+
CO .
CN - -

.
NO+
Mn-NO NO+ ) (4
NO NO M-NO
) (5 . [IrCl(CO)(PPh3)2(NO)]+
IrNO 124 .
N2 CS
.
NO
. NO CO .
Cr(NO)4 Cr(CO)6
.

N
M O M HN

M N
M NO
O
4 5
- SO2 PF3
- NO
.
WWW.IRANMEET.COM

110

M-SO2 S
SO2
) .(6 SO2 M-S
) .(7
SO2 . SO2
.

O
M S S
O
O M
O

6 7
- PF3 CO
. 3d P
.
PF3 P-F
3p P . 3d
P .
) P(OR3 - PF3
PH3 -
- .

4-3-3
.

 WWW.IRANMEET.COM

111 f

.
.
30
Ni(CO)4 .
o
Ni + 4 CO 30
C,1atm
Ni(CO)4
) (0 .
Fe(CO)5 Cr(CO)6 Mo(CO)6
Ni(CO)4 ) (
:

o
Fe + 5 CO 200
C,200atm
Fe(CO)5
o
2Co + 8 CO 150 C,35atm
Co2(CO)8
d
) CO (
H2
CO :
AlCl3 + C6 H 6
CrCl3 + Al + 6 CO AlCl3 + Cr(CO)6
o
C + 200 atm + CH 3OH
3 Ru(acac)3 + Hg + 12 CO 150
Ru(CO)12 + .
o
250 C + 350 atm
Re2O7 + 17 CO Re2(CO)10 + 7 CO2

5-3-3

VSEPR .
6 ) (8 ) (0
) (9 ) ( (0 ) (10.
Mn2(CO)10 ) (0
WWW.IRANMEET.COM

112

Mn(CO)5 - .

) (0 CO
.
CO CO CO
OC CO CO
Cr OC Fe Ni
OC CO CO CO
Co
CO CO CO
8 9 10
IR 13
C-NMR
. 13C-NMR
) CO NMR (
. 13
. C
NMR
. IR
CO 2100 -1700 cm-1
. CO
) CO (2-3 .
CO
2
. OC-M-CO
2 IR
) (11 ) (12
IR .
 WWW.IRANMEET.COM

113 f

M M
C C C C
O O O O

11 12

CO . OC-M-CO
CO
. CO CO
CO
. 2-3
.
IR CO ) (MCO CO
) (M2CO CO ) (3-CO .
CO .

:2 ] [Cr(CO)4(P(OPh)3)2 CO
IR .
:
. CO ) (C2v
) 2-3 ( .
CO ) (D4h
CO .
WWW.IRANMEET.COM

114

2-3 CO IR

 WWW.IRANMEET.COM

115 f

)

(

. NMR
. Fe(CO)5 NMR
) ( 210 IR
.

6-3-3

.
350 Torr ) (0 0/1 Torr
) (0 . Ni(CO)4
.

.

.
Fe2(CO)9
.
Mn2(CO)5 Co2(CO)8
.
WWW.IRANMEET.COM

116

.
.
) (0 Fe2(CO)9
) (0 .

.
:
.
CO
.

7-3-3
) 14CO
( . Ni(CO)4
Fe(CO)5 14
CO2(CO)8 CO
Cr(CO)6 Mn2(CO)10 .
Ni(CO)4 14CO Ni(CO)4
.
)( Ni(CO)4 Ni(CO)3 + CO
Ni(CO)3 + 14
)( )CO Ni(CO)3(14CO
-
CO .
-18 .
:
Ni(CO)4 + 2PPh3 Ni(CO)2(PPh3)2 + 2CO
 WWW.IRANMEET.COM

117 f

Ni(CO)4 + nPF3 Ni(CO)4-n(PF)n + nCO

Cr(CO)6 + 2C5H5N Cr(CO)4(C5H5N)2 + 2CO
Co2(CO)8 + 2NO 2 [Co(CO)3NO] + 2 CO
Mo(CO)6 + 3L Mo(CO)3(L)3 + 3 CO
L
.

Mo(CO)6 + - 3CO

Mo
OC CO
CO
H H

CO
2 Mo(CO)6 + 2 - 6CO
Mo Mo CO
OC CO
H H OC CO

H H

-18
:
2Fe(CO)5 + 3C5H5N Fe2(CO)4(C5H5N)3 + 6 CO
Mn2(CO)10 + 2PPH3 2 Mn(CO)4(PPh3) + 2 CO

8-3-3
.
- - CO
:
Na , THF 2-
Fe(CO)5 [ Fe(CO)4] + CO
WWW.IRANMEET.COM

118

Fe -2
. CO
CO .
M-M .
-18
:
] 2Na [Mn(CO)5
+
2 Na + (OC)5Mn-Mn(CO)5 THF

) (o
.

Co2(CO)8 + 6 py [Co(py)6][Co(CO)4] + 4 CO

0 +1 -1
CO OH
:
3 Fe(CO)5) + 4OH- [Fe3(CO)11]2- + CO32- + 2H2O + 3 CO

0 +2 -3/2 +4

9-3-3
CO
:
 WWW.IRANMEET.COM

119 f

d .
CO (M-
) CO
. M-CO ) Al(III
) Ga(III ) Ln) Ln(III ( 'M' ) M-CO-M
( .
13.14
AlEt3

O O
Cp C CO C
Fe Fe (OC)3Co Co(CO)3
OC C Cp C
O O
AlEt3 MX3

13 14
' M-CO-M C-O
)' (M IR
.
M-H :.
+
[Mn(CO)5] + H HMn(CO)5


.
WWW.IRANMEET.COM

120

M-H d -
H -1 . d
. p -
M-H d .

. -
.
d.
-
- - - :

M +
M M H+

H M
2c,2e 3c,2e

6 10
1H-NMR -8 -60

.

H2 2-H2
H-M-H
H2 .
.
 WWW.IRANMEET.COM

121 f

.

:
[Mn(CO)5] + CH3I (H3C)Mn(CO)5 + I
M-M :
[Mn(CO)5] + ReBr(CO)5 (OC)5Mn-Re(CO)5 + Br

10-3-3 CO

.
CO CO2
. M-M
:
(OC)5Mn Mn(CO)5 + Br2 2MnBr(CO)5

0 0 +1

CO Mn2(CO)10
.
C CO
.

. CO
:
O
LiCH3 + Mo(CO)6 ]Li[Mo(C-CH3)(CO)5
WWW.IRANMEET.COM

122

:
]Li[Mo(COCH3)(CO)5] + [(CH3CH2)3O][BF4
Mo[C(OCH2CH3)(CH3)](CO)5 + LiBF4 + (CH3CH2)2O

M=C .
C OH
:
-
OH
-
(OC)nM-C O + OH -
(OC)nM C O 3OH [M(CO)n]2- + CO32- + 2H2O

CO O
CO . IR
CO
CO O .
CO :

Fe2Cp2(CO)4 + 2Al(CH2CH3)3 Fe2Cp2(CO)42Al(CH2CH3)3

:3 Fe2Cp2(CO)402 Al(CH2CH3)3 .

: -18 Fe
CO
. :
d8 8 Cp
5 CO 2 CO 1
Fe-Fe 1 Fe
18.
 WWW.IRANMEET.COM

123 f

R3Al
O

C CO
Fe Fe
OC C

O
AlR3

OCH3
:4
W(CO)5C Ph
) (0 :
: CO ) (0
-C :
O
W(CO)6 + LiPh Li+[ W(CO)5C Ph]-

:
O OCH3
Li+[ W(CO)5C -
Ph] + [(CH3)3O]BF4 W(CO)5 C Ph + (CH3)2O + LiBF4

4-3


.
:
WWW.IRANMEET.COM

124

-1 -) -(
) - ( .
-2 - ) (
.
C6H6-nRn RR'C=RR' RCCR :CR :CRR' RNC CO
.

- d .
.
:
-
).(15
- -
...
).(16
CO
OC CO
Cr
OC CO
Mn CO
15 16

1-4-3 -

.
.
 WWW.IRANMEET.COM

125 f

13
. 3-3
.

3-3

-
- 1 -
ZrCl4 + 4LiCH2SiMe3 Zr(CH2SiMe3)4
2 Et O, -4LiC

) + 3LiCl LnCl3 + 3LiCH(SiMe3)2 Ln[CH(SIMe3)2]3 (Ln = Sc, Y.

-2 ) -(
2 TaCl5 + 3ZnMe2 2 TaCl2Me3 + 3 ZnCl2
-3 ) -(
Na+[Mn(CO)5] + CH3I MnCH3(CO)5 + NaI
-4 -
ZrH(Cl)(5-C5H5)2 + CH2 = CH2 Zr(H)(Cl)(Et)( 5-C5H5)2
-5 -
IrCl(CO)(PPh3)2 + CH3I IrCl(I)(CH3)(CO)(PPh3)2
-6
Ni(O2CPh)2(bipy) NiPh2(bipy) + 2CO2
-7
RhCH3(PPh3)2
Rh(C6H4PPh2)(PPh3)2 + CH4
Heat

-8
Pd + CF3I (PdICF3)n
-9 -
[(Fe(CO)2(C2H4)(5-C5H5)]+ Cp(CO)2Fe-CH2CH2OMe
MeOH , Na2CO3

-10
Ag + Me3P=CH2 Me2P(CH2)2(Ag)2(CH2)2PMe2
+

-11 -
Cr(H2O)62+ + ButOOH [CrBut(H2O)5]2+
-12
2 AuCl4 + 2PhNHNH2HCl [AuCl2Ph2] + AuCl2 + 6HCl
2 N 2
-13
H O
Trans-PtCH3(OH)(PPh3)2 + CH3NO2
2
PtCH3(CH2NO2)(PPh3)2
WWW.IRANMEET.COM

126

1-1-4-3 -
)(
) ( )
(.
.
LiR > Mg(R)X > MgR2 .
.
3d Ti V
4d
5d .
d2 d9

:
Zr Ti Hf
o
, 80 C
TiCl4 + 4 LiMe ether
TiMe4 + 4 LiCl
Et 2 O orn C6 H14
MCl4 + 4 LiCH2EMe3 M(CH2EMe3)4 + 4LiCl

)4 (MgCl(CH2EMe3 4 MgCl2

M= Ti, Zr, Hf E= C, Si.

Nb V Ta

.
-
.

VCl3(NMe3)2 + 3 LiCH(SiMe3)2 V[CH(SiMe3)2]3 + 3 LiCl + 2 NMe3

 WWW.IRANMEET.COM

127 f

o
, 78 C
NbCl3Me2 + 3 LiMe + dme ether
NbMe5(dme) + 3LiCl
o
Et 2O , 78 C
TaCl2Me3 + 2 LiMe TaMe5
) TaMe5(dme
dme

4 NbCl5 TaCl5
(E = C,Si) LiCH2EMe3
. :

MCl2(CH2CMe3)3 + 2 LiCH2CMe3 ) (Me3CCH2)3M=CH(CMe3

pen tan e

)(M = Nb, Ta + 2LiCl + Me3CCH3

Mo Cr W

:

o
dioxane , 18 C
CrCl3 + 6LiMe Li3[CrMe6].3C4H8O2 + 3 LiCl
MoCl3(THF)3 + 5 Li Me THF
Li4[Mo2Me8](THF)4
)(WCl4 + 8 LiMe Li4[W2Me8].4Et2O + 4LiCl
Et 2O

WCl6 LiMe

WMe6 :
WCl6 + 6 AlMe3 WMe6 + 6 AlClMe2
) ,CH2SiMe3, -CH(SiMe3)2
(But Mo Cr W:

CrCl3 + 3LiCH(SiMe3)2 Cr[CH(SiMe3)2]3 + 3LiCl

MoCl5 + MgCl(CH2SiMe3) Mo2 (CH2SiMe3)6 +
WCl6 + MgCl(CH2SiMe3) W2(CH2SiMe3)6 +
CrCl2(dmpe)2 LiMe trans- CrMe2(dmpe)2
:
WWW.IRANMEET.COM

128

CrCl2(dmpe)2 + 2LiMe trans-CrMe2(dmpe)2 + 2LiCl

Et 2O

Re Mn
( R = Me , Ph) MnR2

:
MnCl2 + 4 LiMe Li2[MnMe4]. 0/5 Et2O + 2LiCl
Et 2O

MnCl2 + 4 LiCH2SiMe3 Li2[Mn(CH2SiMe3)4] + 2 LiCl

ReCl5 -
: ReCl4(THF) ReOCl4
+ AlMe3
ReOCl + 4 LiR ReOMe4
4 LiCl
ReMe6
+2 LiMe
TMEDA
, [Li2TMEDA][Re2Me8]

Pt Pd Ni Co Rh Fe

:
FeCl2(dmpe)2 + 2LiMe cis-FeMe2(dmpe)2 + 2LiCl
Et 2O

RhCl3(SC4H6) + 3MgBr(Mes) Rh(Mes)3 + 3MgBrCl

SC4 H 6
3
NiBr( -C3H5)2 + 4MgBr(Mes) 2Ni(Mes)2 + 2 Mg(C3H5)Br + 2MgBr2
PdCl2(C6H5CN)2 + 2LiCH2SC6H5 [Pd(CH2SC6H5)2]4 + 2LiCl+ 2C6H5CN
PtCl2(PEt3)2 + 2LiMe PtMe2(Pet3)2 + 2 LiCl
PtCl2(PR3)2+R'CCH + Et3N+CuI trans-Pt(CCR')Cl(PR3)2+HI+ Cu2Cl2

Au Ag Cu
:
o
Et 2O , 10 C
2 CuX + ZnR2 2[CuR]n + ZnX2
R = Ph, 2-MeC6H4, 2,6-Me2C6H4 X= Cl, Br
CuPh
:
4CuI + 4LiCH2SiMe3 [Cu(CH2SiMe3)]4 + 4LiI
AgI + [Li(thf)4]+[LiR2] [Li(thf)4]+[AgR2] + LiI
 WWW.IRANMEET.COM

129 f

Au(X)L + Mg(R) X Au(R)(L) + MgX2 )(R=C(SiMe3)3

)5 AuCl(CO) + 5 MgBr(Mes [AuMes]5 + 5MgBrCl
THF

) (
LnCl3 + 6LiMe + 3 TMEDA [Li(TMEDA)]3+[LnMe6]3- + 3 LiCl
Et2O

Ln .

LiCl3 + 3LiCH2SiMe3 THF [Ln(CH2SiMe3)3(thf)x + 3LiCl

Ln = Sc, Y, Tb, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu; x = 0, 2, 3
UCl4 + 6LiR
S
Li2[UR6].8S + 4LiCl
)( R = Me, Ph, CH2SiMe3 ; S = Et2O , THF
o
, 20 C
ThCl4 + 4 LiCH2Ph THF
Th(CH2Ph)4 + 4 LiCl

2-4-3 -
.
- Ga(CH3)3 -
Ge(CH3)4
.


.
-

.

.
. ), TiMe4(bipy
WWW.IRANMEET.COM

130

) -2 1 = diphos ] CoMe(diphos)2 , TaMe5(dme) ( [ ,

MMe2(dmpe)2 M Mn Cr V Ti Fe
dmpe 1 -2)) ( ( ) NiEt(bipy
= Ln ) Ln(CH3SiMe3)3(thf)n n=2 .(3
- .
O-CH2C6H4NMe2 C4H4CH2NMe2-O
-
.

])[Cr(CH2C6H4NMe2-O


- .
.
.

.
.
-
.
Ti[CH(SiMe3)2]3 , Cr[CH(SiMe3)2]3, Mn[C(SiMe3)3]2


. Ti(C6H5)4 [Ti(C6H5)4]n
Ti4+ Ti2+.
 WWW.IRANMEET.COM

131 f

- -1 : -2
-3. [Ti(C6H5)5]- [Zr(C6H5)6]2-
Ti(C6H5)4 Zr(C6H5)4 .
.

Me3P = CH2
:

H2 H2
C + C +
[Ag PMe2]2 [Au PMe2]2
C C
H2 H2

-
NMR . 1H-NMR 13C-NMR
-
.
-13C ). (50 Hz

3-4-3
MRn
.

- E
.
WWW.IRANMEET.COM

132

E -1 :
-
-2 . E
E -3 . E
:
Ph > Me > Et
: 5 E ) M-C(CH2SiMe3
) M-C(CH2CMe3.

: ) M-C(CH2CMe3
Si ) (
M-C .
-
.
.
-1 :
) - ( -2
-3 )( .M-C
:

1-3-4-3
-
) -(
) - ( - .

-
 WWW.IRANMEET.COM

133 f

R
:
"LMRR'R" LMR + :CR'R

:
H2
C
Zn-Cu ICH2ZnCH2I
CH2I2 C C + ZnI2

H2
C

HgPh(CH3) + heat
Hg(Ph)x + C C

: WMe6 TaMe5
ReMe6 .
WMe6 3 CH4 + W(CH2)3
) (
:
M CH2 M CH2
M=CH2 + CH4
CH3 H H3C H
.
.

.

WWW.IRANMEET.COM

134

) ( C-HM
:

(CO)4 (CO)4
Os Os H

H H

(OC)3Os Os(CO)3 (OC)3Os Os(CO)3

C H C
H H2

: 6
.
(Me)2
P
H2C
)TiCl3(CH3
H2C
P
(Me)2

: Ti 16 d
) ( do
:
H
(Me)2
Cl C H
P
H2C
Ti H
H2C
P Cl Cl
(Me)2

C-H
.
 WWW.IRANMEET.COM

135 f

2-3-4-3
-
:
X
LnM LnM + X-Y
Y
) (M 2

2 .
d- . :

(R3P)2Pt
(R3P)2Pt (R3P)2Pt + C6H5 C6H5

AuMe3(PPh3) AuMe(PPh3) + C2H6

Me2SO

.

:
PtHR(PPh3)2 Pt(PPh3)2 + RH
-
.
:
)Au(CH2SiMe3)(PPh3) + MeI AuIMe(CH2SiMe3)(PPh3
WWW.IRANMEET.COM

136

AuI(PPh3) + SiEtMe3

) - 2( - :

CH2 CH2
M M M + H2C=CH2
CH2 CH2

-18 -16 .
-
.

.
d- .
.
:
)NiEt2(bipy Ni + bipy + C4H10
16 e
Ea = 274 kJ mole-1
H2C=CHX

2 2
)NiEt2(bipy)( H2C=CHX Ni(bipy)( H2C=CHX) + C4H10
Ea = 65 kJ mole-1

3-3-4-3 M-C

M-C
:
HgR2 2R + Hg
 WWW.IRANMEET.COM

137 f

4-4-3
-

. 6 :
- -
-
-

-
- -
- - :
.
.

- :
M C + H+ C H + M+

-
:
TiMe4 + 4 MeCO2H ether
Ti(O2CMe)4 + 4MeH
Zr(CH2CMe3)4 + 3 Me3PCH2 Zr2[(CH2)2PMe2]( -CpMe3)2 + 4CMe4
CrPh3(THF)n + 3acacH Cr(acac)3 + 3PhH + nTHF

:
TiMe4 + 4 I2 4 MeI + TiI4
MnMe(CO)5 + Br2 MeBr + MnBr(CO)5
WWW.IRANMEET.COM

138

: 7 :
F3C Mn(CO)5
C C + Br2 ?
H CF3
: :
F3C Br
C C + MnBr(CO)5
H CF3

- :
:

H CHR
LnM-CH2CH2R MLn LnMH + H2C=CHR
CH2

:
)Cu(CH2CH2CH2CH3)(PBu3n) CH3CH2CH=CH2 + CuH(PBu3n

: 8 :
[Co(CN)5(CH2CHMe2)]3- ?
: :
[CoH(CN)5]3- + Me2C=CH2
[Ph3C]+[BF4]-
-
:
CH2 +
MnCH2CH3(CO)5 + Ph3C+BF4- (OC)5Mn [BF4]- + Ph3CH
CH2
- :
:
 WWW.IRANMEET.COM

139 f

+ C3F7 I
[PdMe2(bipy)] + C3F7I ) [PdMe(C3F7)(bipy
CH I

3

) [Pd(C3F7)2(bipy
CH I
3

- :
:
)[MnR2]n + TMEDA MnR2(TMEDA
)(R = CH2CMe3, CH2SiMe3 , CH2CMe2Ph
]Mn(CH2SiMe3)2 + 2LiCH2SiMe3 Li2[Mn(CH2SiMe3)4

- : :
MXn + M'Ym MXn-a + M'XaYm-a
M ' M X Y
.
:

cis-PtMe2(PMe2Ph)2 + cis-PdCl2(PMe2Ph)2 trans-PtCl(Me)(PMe2Ph)2

+ trans-PdCl(Me)(Me2Ph)2

- :
-
.

-
. :
-1 : CO

:
PPh3 PPh3
OC H OC CO
Ru + CO Ru
OC R R C H
Ph3P O PPh3
WWW.IRANMEET.COM

140

d -
-2
CO .

.:
O O

M C R M :C R

2 - )
( 4
MR2(5-C5H5)2 MR(5-C5H5)2 .

Cp X Cp X
M M
Cp C R Cp C R
O O
)2- acyl O- outside

5 )(10
MRX( -C5H5)2 + CO

Cp X Cp X

M O M O

Cp C Cp C
2 R
R - acyl O- inside
)(11
C-O X
) (10 C-O ) . (11
4 Ti(COCH3)Cl(5-C5H5)2 Zr(COH3)(CH3)(5-C5H5)2
 WWW.IRANMEET.COM

141 f

) (11 .
) (10:
-2 CO :

)(D
Cp R Cp R
Zr + CO M R
Cp R Cp C
O
Cp CH2SiMe3 Cp O
C
M + 2 CO Zr
CH2SiMe3 C
Cp Cp O

) (regioselectivity .
CO
. ' (5-C5H5)2ZrRR R' R
:

)'(5-C5H5)2ZrRR' + CO (5-C5H5)2ZrR(2-COR
)(5-C5H5)2ZrRR' + CO (5-C5H5)2ZrR'(2-COR
-
. MnCH3(CO)5
14C :
CH3
14
CO O
OC CO 14
OC C CH3
Mn + CO Mn
OC CO OC CO
CO CO
WWW.IRANMEET.COM

142

CO CO CO
CO .

:
Mn(CO)4
MnCH3(CO)5 CO
H 3C
:
)Mn(COCH3)(CO)4 + Solvent Mn(COCH3)(CO)4(S
S CO
) (L :
S O L O
OC C CH3 OC C CH3
Mn + L Mn + S
OC CO OC CO
CO CO

-2 Cs2 CO2 :SO2 ) CX2

CO2 ( SC2 - :

X X X
M C XR M C R M X C R
X

SO2 - :
O O O O
M S OR M S R M O S R M S R
O
O

:
 WWW.IRANMEET.COM

143 f

O
5 5
( -C5H5)2Ti-R + CO2 ( -C5H5)2Ti C R
O

Cr(o-CH2C6H4NMe2)3 + CO2
O
Cr(o-CH2C6H4NMe2)2 )C(o-CH2C6H4NMe2
O

OC OCOMe
WMe(CO)5 + CO2 OC W CO
OC CO

Mn(CH2Ph)2 + 2CO2 Mn(OCOCH2Ph)2

Cu CO2 Cu-R
.
CO2 O CO2
:
0
-20 to 0 C O
CuMe(Et2O)(PPh3)2 + CO2 Cu C-Me (PPh3)2 + Et2O
O
CuMe(PPh3)3 + CO2 Cu(OCOMe)(PPh3)3

SO2 -
-S :
)M-R + SO2 M(SO2R
o
TiMe2( -C5H5)2 + 2 SO2
5
Ti(1-O2SMe)2(5-C5H5)2
78 C

.
:
1
)MR(CO)5 + SO2 Mn( -SO2R)(CO)5 (R= Me, Et, Ph, CH2Ph
WWW.IRANMEET.COM

144

)AuMe(PMe3) + SO2 Au(1-SO2Me)(PMe3

)FeMe(CO)2(5-C5H5) + SO2 Fe(1-SO2Me)(CO)2(5-C5H5
)AuMe2Ph(PMe3) + SO2 Au(SO2Me)(Me)(Ph)(PMe3

SO2 -Au
-Au SO2
SO2
.
SO2 -
. :
R R
+
LnM C [LnM C SO2
R + SO2
R R R

O
L nM O S CR3

O LnM+SO2- CR3
LnM S CR3
O

SO2 Co-R
:
o o
Co-R Co + R
Co o + SO2 CoSO2o
CoSO2o + Co-R CoSO2R + Co o
CS2 - :
)MnR(CO)5 + CS2 Mn(2-S2CR)(CO)4 + CO (R= Me, Ph, P-Tol
 WWW.IRANMEET.COM

145 f

-3 ) :(RNC CO
CO .
:

R
C
+ Et2O
TiR(OEt2)(5-C5H5)2 + N CH (5-C5H5)2Ti
N

5-4-3
-
SP3 .
WMe6 s
d .
d
* .
F .
-
d - .
.
- M-CCR
CN- HC CR CO .
CO - -
) .(6-3
WWW.IRANMEET.COM

146

M C C R

6-3

:9 C=C M-CCR
150 cm-1 RCCR'
: d
-
.
- .
)
2 1 3(

.

.
[Mn(CH2(CH3)2Ph)2]2 TMEDA :
])1/2 [Mn(CH2(CH3)2Ph)2]2 + MEDA [Mn(CH2(CH3)2Ph)2(TMEDA


) [Mn(CH2SiMe3)2]n (II Mn[C(SiMe3)3]2
:
][Mn(CH2SiMe3)2]n n[Mn(C(SiMe3)3)2
 WWW.IRANMEET.COM

147 f

5-3 -

) (
) (
. ] W(CO)[:C(OMe)Ph
1964
.
:CH2
.
N O S

] Cr(CO)5[:C(NEt2)Cl] Cr(CO)5[:C(OCH3)C6H5
] .W(CO)5[C(SMe)Me
.


1974
] CH2CMe3)3[:C(H)But] Cr(CO)5[:C(H)C6H5
) .Cp2(CH3)Ta(:CH2

.

:10

(Me3CCH2)3Ta(:CHCMe3) ; (OC)5Cr[:C(OMe)R
WWW.IRANMEET.COM

148

: (OC)5Cr[:C(OMe)R O
Cr .
) (Me3CCH2)3Ta(:CHCMe3
Ta 5.

) d p
( ) .(7-3

M C C C

. b a
-a 7-3 p -b d
.

N O S
.
Cr(CO)5[C(OCH3)C6H5
] Cr(CO)5[C(H)C6H5 .

d p
.
- .
 WWW.IRANMEET.COM

149 f

1-5-3 -
1-1-5-3

:C(X)Y 6
X Y
.
)( :CCl2
)(
) ( :C(C6H5)2 ) .(8-3

C X C Y

X Y

a b
2
-a 8-3 -b sp sp

) ( )
( . ESR
.

XY :11
:
: .
a sp2 120
WWW.IRANMEET.COM

150

XY -
120 . ) (b
sp XY 180 .

2-1-5-3
Cr(CO)[C(OCH3)C6H5]
.
.
.
Cr(CO)6 [C6H5C(O)Cr(CO)5] -
:
O O
+ -
Li:C6H5 + O CH Cr(CO)5 C6H5 C Cr(CO)5 C6H5 C Cr(CHO)5

+
O + Li
-
C6H5 C Cr(CO)5
H
CH3+ ] [(CH3)3O][BF4 CH3I
:
O
- OCH3

C6H5 C ]Cr(CO)5 + [(CH3)3O][BF4 C6H5 C Cr(CO)5

H
+ BF4 + (CH3)2O

Cr-C 220 pm
204 pm.
 WWW.IRANMEET.COM

151 f

:12 NMR
.

.
:

.
.

C-O .
C O
:

+
OCH3
OCH3
(OC)5Cr C (OC)5Cr C

H3C
O CH3 O
(OC)5Cr CH (OC)5Cr CH

cis trans

-
O .

WWW.IRANMEET.COM

152

.
C-O .

2-5-3 )(
-
.
MC-R R :
)) , alkyl, H, SiMe3, Net2, PMe3, SPh, Cl ( =(R
1973
.
(X= Cl, Br , I) BX3 .
:
OCH3
+
(CO)5Cr C + BX3 [(CO)5Cr C C6H5] X + X2BOCH3
C6H5
CO
:

OC CO
+
[(CO)5 Cr C C6H5] X X Cr C C6H5 + CO

OC CO

) (
- Cr-C 168 pm
) ( X=Cl .
CrC-C 180
.
 WWW.IRANMEET.COM

153 f

.
SP
.
p d
. -
- .
CR+ -2 CR
-3 .

:

CH3
H2
C C H2
C
(H3C)2P P(CH3)2
W
(H3C)3C C CH2C(CH3)3

6-3

. U235

.
) (
) ( 1950

WWW.IRANMEET.COM

154

.
. An(Cp*)3 Ln(Cp*)3
Ln(X)2(THF)3(Cp*) An(X)(Cp*)2 Ln(X)(Cp*)2 An(Cp*)4
)* An(X)3(L)2(Cp . Ln An Cp*
X BH4 NR2 O2CR OR R Cl.
f - :

.

. (5- Cp*)2LnR (5-
Cp*)3AnR

Ln[CH(SiMe2)2]3 .
f -
.

- .
GdCpCl203THF GdCl3
GdCp3 5f -

5f .
) Pu Th U ( Np

.
 WWW.IRANMEET.COM

155 f

1-6-3
)( THF
.
:
Sc/ YCl3 + 3 LiPh Sc/ YPh3 + 3 LiCl

Sc Y :

LnCl3 + 3LiR* THF

LnR*(THF)3 + 3LiCl
/ Et 2O
*
)(R = CH2CMe3, CH2SiMe3, CH2Me2Ph

-
) ( -O )
( :

]LnCl3 + 3Li[O-(CH2)C6H5NMe2 THF

Ln[O-(CH2)C6H4NMe2]3 + 3LiCl
)(Ln = Sc, Er, Yb, Lu

:13 .
o
, 20 C
ThCl4 + 4LiCH2C6H5 THF
?
: Th +4 -
:
Th(CH2C6H5)4 + 4LiCl

-

.

.
WWW.IRANMEET.COM

156

o
[Li(TMEDA]3+[LnMe6]3- + 3LiCl
Et2O , 20 C
LnCl3 + 6LiMe + 3TMEDA
LnPh3 :14 [LnPh4]-

:
-1 ) ( -2
) ( -3
. [Ln(Cme3)4]- [LnPh4]-
[Uro]2- .

2-6-3
-1 :
Cf(C5H5)3 Pu(C5H5)3 Np(C5H5)3 (Ln = Sc, Y) Ln(C5H5)3
-2 [LnCl(C5H5)2]2 U(C5H5)4 Th(C5H5)4
ThCl2(Cp**)2 UCl(C5H5)3 ThCl(C5H5)3 LnCl2(C5H5)03THF
) UCl3(C5H5) UCl2(Cp**)2 ** Cp
(.

3-6-3 -
f - .
.
Nd
Th U [NdMe(5-Cp**)2]2
] [Ume2(5-Cp**)2.
 WWW.IRANMEET.COM

157 f

- d f
.
0
5 170 C 5 5 5 1 5
( C5H5)2Th( - , -C5H4) + Th( -C5H5)3 + 2BuH
2Th(Bu)( C5H5)3

) An-C (
Au-C
:
5 5
( -C5H5)3ThR + ROH ( -C5H5)3Th(OR) + RH
5
An-C R OR
:

(5-C5H5)3UOR' + RH
(5-C5H5)3UR + R'OH
(5-C5H5)2U(OR')R + C5H6

1-3-6-3
-
.
-
.

.
o
PhMe , 70 80 C
Er(CH2SiMe3)(5-C5H4Me)2 + 2H2
5
[ErH( -C5H4Me)2]2 + 2 SiMe4
WWW.IRANMEET.COM

158

) -5 ( ) (V
AcX(5-C5H5)3 . :

AcCl4 + 3MC5H5 AcCl(5-C5H5)3 + 3MCl

)( Ac = Th, U, Np, M = Li, Na, K, Tl

BH4- (5-C5H5)3AcCl BH4-

.

H
5 +
]( -C5H5)3AcCl + Na [BH4
- THF 5
( -C5H5)3Ac H B H
H
) (Ac = Th, U,

5f .

:15 AcX(5-C5H5)3
: ) ) (IV )
( .
Cp 5 - 1 C3v
.
) (5f, 4f
) LnCl2(THF)3(C5H5 ) AcCl3(THF)3(C5H5 f
:

LnCl3 + MC5H5 THF

LnCl2(THF)3(5-C5H5) + MCl
)(Ln = Sm, Eu, Gd, Dy, Ho, Er, Lu; M = Na, Tl
AcX4 + TlC5H5 THF
AcX3(5-C5H5)(THF)2 + TlCl
)(Ac = Th, U, X = Cl, Br
 WWW.IRANMEET.COM

159 f

:
UCl3(THF)2(5- C5H5) + Na(acac) THF
U(acac)Cl2(5-C5H5) + NaCl

- ) ()(III
)( ) (IV

5 - )
( 1 - .
f - -5

)
( .
:

LnCl3 + 3NaC5H5 THF

Ln(5-C5H5)3(THF) + 3NaCl
-THF
Ln(5-C5H5)3
)(Ln = Sc, Y, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Gd, Dy, Er, Yd

:16 :
)PhH(Et2O
LnCl3 + 3KC5H5 ?
:
- :
5
Ln( -C5H5)3 + 3KCl
)( Pm
:
o
2AnCl3 + 3Be(C5H5)2 65
C
2An(5-C5H5)3 + 3BeCl2
WWW.IRANMEET.COM

160

) (III ) (III

THF
:

Yb(5-C5H5)3 + N N Yb N N Yb

:17

: -
3 C5H5
.
)(
) (III ) (III :

Ln(C5H5)3 + 3H2O Ln(OH)3 + 3 C5H6

Ac(C5H5)3 + 3H2O Ac(OH)3 + 3 C5H6

)( AcCl4
KC5H5 :
AcCl4 + 4KC5H5 Ac(C5H5)4 + 4KCl
PhH , Re flux

)( Ac = Th, Pa, U, Np
f -
.
+3
 WWW.IRANMEET.COM

161 f

5f 6d .
5f 4f
.

7-3 -
) (17
.
) ( P4
d
.
-
.
H H
H
H
C C
C C

C C
C C
H
H
H H
17
1866
.
- . -
.
WWW.IRANMEET.COM

162

. 3
.
M-M-M )
(
. Bi53+ Pb94- Te42+
- .

:
-1 [Rh12(CO)34]2- -
:
o
2 CO + 3H2 CH2OHCH2OH
250 C , pressure

-2 -
.
-3 Fe4S4 .

M-L-M . M-M
. M-M
-
.
M-M . Fe-Fe
(16) Fe2(CO)9 .
 WWW.IRANMEET.COM

163 f

CO
OC
CO
Fe
OC
CO
OC
Fe
CO
OC CO
16
d - 1 4
. M-M
. d
- .
[Re2Cl8]2- -
242 . * *
[Re2Cl8]2- [MoCl8]4-.
M-M
M-M
M-M d .
p .
- 4 5d
.

1-7-3
d f
.
6 10 .
WWW.IRANMEET.COM

164

M-M M-L -18 .

M6 .
- 4-3
9 -6 .
-
.

4-3 - 9-6

o
Ni(CO)4 18 1
o o
Mn2(CO)10 34 2
o

Co3(CO)9CH 48 o o 3
o
o
Co4(CO)12 60 o o 4
o o
o
2-
][Fe4(CO)12C 62 o
o o
Pt4(O2CCH3)8 64
o o o

Os5(CO)16 72 o 5
o o

o
o
o
Fe5C(CO)15 74 o o
o
o
o
o o
Ru6C(CO)17 86 o 6
o
o
o
[Rh6C(CO)15]2- 90
o o
o
o
 WWW.IRANMEET.COM

165 f

Rh4(CO)12 ] [Re4(CO)16 .

Rh4(CO)12 [Re4(CO)16]2-
4 Rh 4 x 9 = 36 4Re 4 x 7 = 28
12 CO 12 x 2 = 24 16 CO 16 x 2 = 32
---------------------
2
----------------------
60
62

Co2(CO)8 Co3(CH)(CO)9 : 18
. NMR IR CO CH
.
.
: :

3Co 3x9 27
9 CO 9 x2 18
CH 3 _3
48
CH
C-H
.
4-3 48
. CH CO
).(20
WWW.IRANMEET.COM

166

H
C
OC CO
Co Co CO
OC
OC Co CO
CO
OC CO
20

2-7-3
CO
. Co2(CO)8 80
:

2Co2(CO)8 Co4(CO)12 + 4CO

:
[Ni5(CO)12]2- + Ni(CO)4 [Ni6(CO)12]2- + 4CO

. Ni
-2/5 Ni(CO)4 Ni
Ni -1/3
.

:19 [Ni5(CO)12]2-
Ni6(CO)12]2-

: - [Ni5(CO)12]2- (d10) Ni
5Ni 50 CO 2
12 CO 24 2
 WWW.IRANMEET.COM

167 f

76 . - [Ni6(CO)12]2-
86 . 76
72 .

3-7-3
-1 : -2
-3 -4 .
.

1-3-7-3 -
-
-
.
[Re2Cl8]2- + Cl2 [ R2Cl9]- + Cl-
)(242 )(24

H
Cp(OC)2Mo Mo(CO)2Cp + HI Cp(OC)2Mo Mo(CO)2Cp
I
Ph3P PPh3
Cp(OC)2Mo Mo(CO)2Cp+ Pt(PPh3)4 Pt
+ 2PPh3
Cp(OC)2Mo Mo(CO)2Cp

2-3-7-3
M-M M-L

. ) Fe(CO)12 (0
WWW.IRANMEET.COM

168

Fe3(CO)12 + PPh3 Fe3(CO)11(PPh3) + Fe3(CO)10(PPh3)2

)+ Fe(CO)5 + Fe(CO)4(PPh3
+ Fe(CO)3(PPh3) + CO

: 20 M-M
) Ru3(CO)11(PPh3 ) Os(CO)11(PPh3

: Ru Os
M-M M-L .
M-M
M-L
.

3-3-7-3
d
.
M-M - :
+
M M
M M + H
2c, 2e H 3c, 2e
:
 WWW.IRANMEET.COM

169 f

[Fe3(CO)11]2- + H+ [Fe3H(CO)11]-

.

4-3-7-3
.
) CO (migration incersion
CO .
.
CO :
+ CH3C(O)Cl
[Fe4(3-CO)(CO)12]2- [Fe4(3-COAc)(CO)12]-
-
-Cl
Ac CH3CO . O CO
.
.
.
[Fe4(3-COAc)(CO)12]- +Na [Fe4(4-C)(CO)12]2-
-NaOAc
C Fe
.
.

-1 ) (C=C 1652 cm-1
]) K[PtCl3(CH3CH=CH2 1504 cm-1
. .
WWW.IRANMEET.COM

170

-2 Fe4Cp4(CO)4 . IR
1640 cm-1 . 1H-NMR
.
.
-3 Co Co(5-C5H5)(CO)2 .
-4 IR Ni2CP2(CO)2
CO ) 1857 cm-1( ) 1897 cm-1( .
CO

O
-5 ) Mn(CO)4(PPh3) (C CH Mn2(CO)10
3
Na PPh3 CH3I
-6 MoO3 Mo CO PPh3
Mo(CO)5PPh3 .
-7 P(CH3)3 P(t-Bu)3
.
-8 -18
( )IrBr(CH3)(CO)(PPh3
()Cr (5-C5H5) (6-C6H6
-9 Mo(CO)7
-10(
) (CVE
( CVE -18
 WWW.IRANMEET.COM

171 f

( ) ( [Fe6(C)(CO)16]2-
] [Co6(C)(CO)16 )
(.
-11 .
) [Mn(CO)5(CF2)]+ + H2O [Mn(CO)6]+ + 2HF
) Rh(CO)(C2H5)(R3P)2 RhH(CO)(R3P)2 + C2H4
-12 Mo(CO)6 LiPh
CH3OSO2CF3 .
13
-13 CO

( W(CO)6 ( )IrCl(PPh3)2(CO
-14
M-M
.
13CO .
( Co4(CO)12 ( Ir4(CO)12
WWW.IRANMEET.COM
 WWW.IRANMEET.COM

1-4
1-1-4


dz2 px s dx2-y2 . *
px dxz
. 1-4
- :
H H H H

C C
Pt
C C

H H
H H
a b

1-4 -a
-b d *
.
-
*
- .
WWW.IRANMEET.COM

174

. ) (1

. -
.

C-C .

C-C
C-C . (2)
) (3.

C C
NC CN
M M
C C
NC CN C C

1 2 3

2-1-4
) (-C=C-C=C- .


. ) -4-1,5-
( -) (4) (o
.
 WWW.IRANMEET.COM

175

Ni

Ni(cod)2

4
3-1-4 -
-3
. d1 d8
) 4d 3d ( 5d .
-3 ) (Smidt ][(C3H5)PdCl
.
: -3
) (5 -1
) (6 -3 R
) (7 ) (8 .
NMR
1 3 . 3
-3
.
H
CH
Fe H H
OC C CH H
H H
OC CH
C
H H
H C Co
CO
OC
H CO

)Fe(3C3H5)(CO)2(5-Cp Co(3C3H5)(CO)3

5 6
WWW.IRANMEET.COM

176

H H

H H
R H
M M

H H H R

7 8

.
:
Ni( 3-C3H5)2 + 2 MgBrCl ether
2C3H5MgBr + NiCl2

:

(1- CH2=CHCH2)Mn(CO)5 cl

CH2=CHCH2Cl + [Mn(CO)5)]-
( 3-CH2CHCH2)Mn(CO)4
, CO

- :
CH3
+ HCl
Fe FeCl(CO)3
(CO)3
Zr Ti :
Pd Ni Ir Rh Co Fe Re W Mo Cr Ta Nb V .Pt
) 2-4 . ( d
2-4 -3 .
3 1 -
2 .
. -18
 WWW.IRANMEET.COM

177

1 - 3
.

M M
M
X M
[LMX]2
M = Ni, Pd OC CO
ML2 CO
)(b M = CO, Fe+
M= Ni, Pd, Pt )(c
)(a

M
M L Pd Pd L

)(e
ML4 ML3
M= Zr, Nb, Ta, Mo, W M= V, Cr, Fe, Co, Rh
)(d )(f

2-4 -3

( 2 :1 )

: -18 .

.

.
WWW.IRANMEET.COM

178

   
  CnHn

:
- : d
.
3 7 .
1-4 -18
. -18
.
5e 5e 5e 5e 6e

U0 Cr0 Mn0 Fe0 Co0 Ni0

7e 6e 5e 4e 3e

3-4

.
Mn I .

-18 .
 WWW.IRANMEET.COM

179

5
C5H5- 6e

MnI 6e

5
C6H6 6e

- :

.

Mo Co
Ni
OC CO OC CO
OC NO

9 10 11
- :
).(12
WWW.IRANMEET.COM

180

Cl Cl
Zr W Mo CO
Cl Cl

13 14 15
- CnHn

Ti Zr U

Cp4Ti Cp4Zr Cp4U

4+
r (Ti4+) = 74 pm r (Zr ) = 91 pm r (U4+) = 117 pm
5 1
(5 Cp)2(1 Cp)2Ti ( Cp)3( Cp)Zr (5 Cp)4U
16 17 18

1-2-4 C3R3+
Ph3C3+
) 4n+2 (
1957 . -3
.

Ph
Ph
Br CO
refelux Ni Ni Ph
Ph3C3Br + Ni(CO)4 Ph
OA Br
OC
Ph
Ph
 WWW.IRANMEET.COM

181

Ph3C3Br + Ni Ni
Ph Ph

Ph

.
: M-C

+
Ph
191 145
Ph3P
MeOH Ni
(C2H4)Ni(PPh3)2 + C3Ph3PF6 Ph
Ph3P 202 134
Ph

) (
.

2-2-4 C4H4

) 8 20 ( .
.

1959 .

.
WWW.IRANMEET.COM

182

-
H 3C
CH3
Me
Me H3 C Cl Cl
Cl H3 C CH3
Ni(CO)4 Ni Ni
Me+
Cl Cl CH3
Me Cl - NiCl2
H3 C
CH3

-
R
R R
RC CR
Co +
R R R R
Co
R
OC CO R
R

- :
[(C4Ph4)PdBr2]2 + Fe(CO)5 (C4Ph4)Fe(CO)3


.
2 3
4-C4-H4

.

1-2-2-4
(4-C4H4)Fe(CO)3
.
 WWW.IRANMEET.COM

183

( R = COMe, COPh, CHO, CH2Cl..) ( C4H3R)Fe(CO)3

. :
O + O
CCH3 CCH3
CH3COCl -H+
H
Fe AlCl3
Fe Fe
OC OC CO CO CO
OC OC OC OC

-CH2X C4H4Fe(CO)3 .
-
. PF6-
.
HO
CH2Cl
CH2+ CH2 CH2
SbCl5 _OH
+ +
Fe - SbCl4 H
Fe Fe Fe
OC OC CO CO OC
OC CO OC CO
OC OC OC

C4H4Fe(CO)3 .
C4H4
- .
:
Br

HC CR Br
O O Br
O O
IV
Ce Br Br
Fe
OC CO
CO
hv
HOOC Br
COOH
O O
T-Bu-perester KOH Br
Thermolysis H 2O
WWW.IRANMEET.COM

184

3-2-4 C5H5
1901 KC5H5 C5H6
. 1951 Fe(C5H5)2 C6H5
300 .
2 C5H6 + Fe Fe(C5H5)2 + H2
:
2 C5H5 C10H10
FeCl3 H 2 ,FeCl3
2 C5H5MgBr C10H8
Fe(5H5)2

. M(5-C5H5)2
.

1-3-2-4
:
- + :
C5H6 .

. ) (NaCp
.

H H
2 2 NaC5H5 + H2
180
H
H

MCl2 + 2 NaC5H5 (C5H5)2M M = V , Cr, Mn, Fe, Co

NH3 DME THF .

 WWW.IRANMEET.COM

185

Ni(acac)2 + 2 C5H5MgBr (C5H5)2Ni + 2 acac MgBr

:
CrCl3 + 3NaC5H5 (C5H5)2Cr + C10H10 + 3NaCl
NaC5H5 4d 5d MCp2
Cp -
- :
NaCp 5 NaCp 5 1
TaCl5 ( -C5H5)2TaCl3 ( -C5H5)2Ta( -C5H5)2
NaCp 5
ReCl5 ( -C5H5)2ReH
- + :
.
M + C5H6 MC5H5 + 1/2 H2 M = Li, Na, K
0
500 C
M + 2C5H6 (C5H5)2M + H2 M = Mg , Fe

.
- +:

(Et3P)Cu(t-BuO) + C5H6 (5-C5H5)Cu(Et3P) + t-BuOH

:
2-
Tl2SO4 + 2C5H6 + 2 OH H
2O
2 TlC5H5 + 2 H2O + SO4

:
EtOH 2+
RuCl3(H2O)x + 3 C5H6 + 3/2 Zn (C5H5)2Ru + C5H8 + 3/2Zn

1-4 .
WWW.IRANMEET.COM

186

1-4

-H 200 (C5H5)2Ti
167 (C5H5)2V
1: 5-C5H4 (C5H5)2Nb
.
- (C5H5)2Cr
1: 5 (C5H5)2Mo

" " " - (C5H5)2W
173 (C5H5)2Mn
158 .
173 (C5H5)2Fe
+
(C5H5)2Fe
174 - (C5H5)2Co
(C5H5)2 Co+ .
173 (C5H5)2Ni
+
(C5H5)2Ni

2-3-2-4
) (D5d
164
110 ) (D5h .
. (Cp*)2Fe
.
)
( .

 WWW.IRANMEET.COM

187

. CpTiCl2 TiCl2 NaCp
. 16
) :(19

H
Ti Ti
H

19

14
16 :
CH3
H 3C CH3 H3C CH3

CH2
H3C CH3 H3C
14 VE Ti CH3 Ti 16 VE
H3C CH3 H3C H
H 3C
CH3 CH3
H3C
CH3 H 3C CH3

CP2*Mn
= 2/18 B.M - ) Mn(d5.
-1,1
He - - .

. -
(CH3C5H4)2Mn
WWW.IRANMEET.COM

188

. Mn-Cp
-
- .
2 kJ/mol .
4-4 .

CH3 CH3

205 pm 173 pm
Mn Mn

H 3C H 3C

2
6
A1g E2g

e1
a1
e2

E = 2 kJ/mol
4-4

3-3-2-4

C5H5FeC5H4NH2
C5H5FeC5H4COOH .
.

:
 WWW.IRANMEET.COM

189

+
E
E

E + H
Fe Fe -H+ Fe

[FeCp2]+ .

[(C5H5)2FeH]+ ( = -2.1 ppm) 1H-NMR .
+

Fe H+ Fe H

- -
O
O
C
CH3 CH3
CH3COCl
Fe Fe + Fe
AlCl3
O

CH3

-
Li Li

n-BuLi Fe + Fe
Fe
TMEDA

Li
WWW.IRANMEET.COM

190

- ) (
CH2N(CH3)2

HCHO/HN(CH3)2
Fe Fe
HOAc

:
-e
(C5H5)2Fe [(C5H5)2Fe]+
Eo= + 0.31 V
18 VE AN/LiClO4 vs SCE 17 VE
= AN


MCp2 [MCp2]2+ . (C5Me5)2Ru
[C5Me5)2Ru]+ -30 :

CH3 CH3
+
H 3C CH3 H 3C CH3

H3C CH3 AgBF4 H 3C CH3

Ru Ru 17 VE
18 VE -30o
H 3C CH3 H3C CH3

H 3C CH3 H 3C CH3

CH3 CH3

.
MnCp2 ReCp2

-18 .
 WWW.IRANMEET.COM

191

CH3 CH3 _
H 3C CH3 H 3C CH3

H3 C CH3 K H 3C CH3
M M 18 VE
17 VE
H 3C CH3 H3 C CH3

H 3C CH3 H 3C CH3

CH3 M = Mn, Re CH3

[(C5Me5)2Os]+ [(C5Me5)2Ru]+ (C5Me5)2Re

4d 5d 18
.
-e
(C5H5)2Co o [(C5H5)2Co]+
E = + 0.90 V
19 VE vs SCE 18 VE
.

Co-Cp:

CH3
+ +
COOH

Co HNO3 Co

COOH
CH3

. -5
4
-19 -18 :
WWW.IRANMEET.COM

192

R
H
R
Co Co Co

20 .
) 19 (
.
:
-e -e -e
][(C5H5)2Ni ][(C5H5)2Ni [(C5H5)2Ni]+ [(C5H5)2Ni]2+
-1.6 V -0.1 V 0.74 V
21 VE -60 oC 20 VE 19 VE -60 oC 18 VE

HBF4
:

+
+
H

H + Ni
Ni
H+ Ni - C5H6 NiCp2
Ni

Ni
14 VE
20 VE

34 VE

4-3-2-4
:
 WWW.IRANMEET.COM

193

- +
H
Fe(CO)5 H
Or -H2
Ru3(CO)12 [CpM(CO)2]2
+

M M
M = Fe, Ru
OC
OC CO OC H
OC

- +
Na[V(CO)6] + C5H5HgCl C5H5V(CO)4 + Hg + NaCl + 2 CO
) Hg(II
.
- +

Hexane
[-ClRh(CO)2]2 + 2 TlCp 2 + 2 TlCl
RT
Rh
OC CO

- + CO +

Cl CO
1. Zn, THF Ti + [Zn(NH3)4]Cl2
Ti
Cl 2- CO CO
3- NH3

- CO +

Mn(C5H5)2+ 3CO 200 bar CO

15h, 90 - 150o
Mn
OC CO
OC
WWW.IRANMEET.COM

194

- +
Ni(C5H5)2 + Ni(CO)4 [C5H5Ni(CO)]2 + 2 CO

5-3-2-4
CpM(CO)n .

) :(5-4

O
C CO
CO CO
Fe Fe Os Os
OC
OC C OC
O

OO OC CO
CC CO
Mo Mo
Ni Ni OC
OC OC

5-4

.

.
C5H5
 WWW.IRANMEET.COM

195

.
).(6-4
O
CO CO
C
CO
M M M M trans
OC OC C
OC
O
O
C
cis
M M M M
OC CO OC C CO
OC CO O

6-4

6-3-2-4 :
-
Na/Hg
:
Na / Hg , CO
CpV(CO)4 Na2[CpV(CO)3

:2 [CpFe(CO)2]2 Na/Hg
CH3I
: Na/Hg :
[CpFe(CO)2]2 Na/ Hg ]2 Na[CpFe(CO)2

:
Na[CpFe(CO)2] + CH3I CpFe(CO)2CH3 + NaI
WWW.IRANMEET.COM

196

AlX3 / CO +
[CpFe(CO)2]2 + X2 2CpFe(CO)2X ] [CpFe(CO)3
)(X= Br, I
:3 CpMn(CO)3 CpV(CO)4 CpRe(CO)3
.
.
:
CH3

CpRe(CO)3 CH3X
AlCl3
Re
OC CO
OC

- : CO
CO :
CpMn(CO)3 + L CpMn(CO)2L + CO
= L

:4 CpCo(CO)2 ) ( :
: ) (L2 :

CpCo(CO)2 + + 2 CO
Co

7-3-2-4

NO O2
 WWW.IRANMEET.COM

197

NO+ CO
. NO
MNO . NO+ 3
MNO.

:5 MNO

: .
MNO
2
. -3
-1
.
NO -3
) (
CO NO . CO
NO .

N O
-I N O N O +I
Ln-1M..... N O LnMO LnM
-L
18 VE 17 VE 18 VE

:
:
Ni(C5H5) + NO C5H5NiNO
1 / 2 C H
10 10

2C5H5Co(CO)2 + 2 NO [C5H5CoNO]2
4 CO
WWW.IRANMEET.COM

198

CH 2Cl 2 CO
C5H5Re(CO)3 + NO+HSO4 [C5H5Re(CO)2NO]+ + HSO4-
: CO NO
MNO
NO .

O O
O N
N
N 138o
Cr Cr
Ru
Ph3P N O N N
Cl PPh3
O O
: 6 C5H5Mn(CO)3 NO+PF6-
) (PPh3

.
: : CO NO
+
NO PF6 ,AN +
C5H5Mn(CO)3 C5H5Mn(CO)2NO] + CO

CO
)* (M :
[C5H5Mn(CO)2NO]+
+ PPh 3 , CO
] [C5H5Mn*(CO)(NO)PPh3
+

8-3-2-4
4d 5d :
)Cp2MH3 (M= Nb, Ta )Cp2MH2 (M = Mo, W) Cp2MH (M = Tc, Re
3d
.
:
 WWW.IRANMEET.COM

199


, 78 / 65 C
MoCl5 + 2 NaC5H5 + NaBH4 THF (C5H5)2MoH2
ReCl5 NaC5H5 1 10 THF
30 40 :
ReCl5 + NaC5H5 THF (C5H5)2ReH
Cp2ReH Cp2Re
. Cp2ReH
1H-NMR .
(C5H5)mMHn
C5H5 .

:7 :
(C5H5)2ReH (C2H5)2MoH2

: C5H5
:

H
Re H Mo
H

ReVII
K2(ReH9) : (R3P)2ReH7
.

. :
H+ [(C5H5)2MH3]+
(C5H5)2MH2 )( M = Mo, W
-
OH
WWW.IRANMEET.COM

200

H+
(C5H5)2ReH [(C5H5)2ReH2]+ )( M = Mo, W
-
OH
BF3 :

H BF H
3
W W BF3
H
H

- :

H H
Cp2TiCl2 NaBH4 Ti B
H H

Cp2MH

.

9-3-2-4
-
.
:

)CpMCl2 ( M= Ti, V, Cr )Cp2MCl2 (M= Ti, Zr, Hf, V, Mo, W

)CpMCl3 ( M= Ti, Zr, V )Cp2MBr2 (M = Nb, Ta
)CpMCl4 (Nb, Ta, Mo )Cp2MCl (M = Ti, V) Cp3MCl ( M= Th, U

:
C
TiCl4 + 2NaC5H5 THF
, 25
(C5H5)2TiCl2 + 2NaCl
 WWW.IRANMEET.COM

201


Xylene,130 C
TiCl4 + (C5H5)2TiCl2 2(C5H5)TiCl3

(C5H5)2Cr + CCl4 0
C
(C5H5)CrCl2

(C5H5)2MoH2 + 2 CHCl3 60 C
(C5H5)2MoCl2 + 2 CH2Cl2
Cp Cp
Cp :

Cl CH3
2 CH3Li
Zr Zr + 2 LiCl
Cl CH3

Cp2 - ) Ti(III :

Cl
2 TiCl3 + 2 MgCp 2 Ti Ti
Cl

Cp - ) Cp2ZrCl(H
.

:

Cl Cl
Zr Fe
H +

Br2 O2 D2O
LiAlH4

Cp2ZrClBr Br HO D
WWW.IRANMEET.COM

202

Cp -
.
:
[CpFe(CO)2]2 + I2 2 CpFe(CO)2I
CpFe(CO)2I -
.
CH3 CH3 + CH3
H 3C CH3 H 3C CH3 H 3C CH3
1. AgBF4 Et3N
H3C CH3 2. C5H6 H3C CH3 -Et3NH+ H3C CH3
Fe Fe Fe
H
OC I OC OC
OC OC OC
H
H

(1-Cp)(5-Cp)Fe(CO)2
.
Cp -
]) [(5- - ]) [(1- .
1-5
1H-NMR .

: 8 1H-NMR (1-Cp)(5-Cp)Fe(CO)2
-90 30
.
: Cp

. -90
.
 WWW.IRANMEET.COM

203

) 1 2 53 (4
.
-90 . 30

) (

30 .
H
8
H 9 7 H

10 6
H H
Fe(CO)2
H1
H5 H
2
4
H 3H

4-2-4 C6H6

6
. 1919 CrCl3 PhMgBr
.
) -6( ) (I .
)( 1955 .

1-4-2-4 )(
:
WWW.IRANMEET.COM

204

- -:

3 CrCl3 + 2Al + 6ArH 1 3[(ArH)2Cr]+ + 2Al3+

. AlCl3 , 2. H 2O

(6-ArH)2Cr
Na2 S 2O4 , KOH

ArH
. AlC3
.
AlCl3 .
AlCl3
.
- : )(
:

H3C CH3 +
H3C CH3
H3C CH3
CCH3 1. THF, 20 oC
(C6H5)3Cr(THF)3 + H3CC Cr
2. H2O, O2
H3C CH3
H3C CH3
H 3C CH3

- - :

1) -196 oC
)Ti(g) + 2 C6H6(g Ti
2) 25oC

) 6( :
 WWW.IRANMEET.COM

205

R
R Cl Me2N
R
M M M
R
R Cl NMe2
R=H R M = Cr, Mo
M = Ti, Nb
R = t-Bu, M= Ti, Zr, Hf, Y, Gd

:

Cr Cr

M = V, Cr Cr
M Cr

) (.

2-4-2-4
)(
D3d D6h . IR
.
.
.
WWW.IRANMEET.COM

206

D6h .
)( .

142 pm

213
Cr 322 pm

D6h
C-
C .
) (
.
ESR -196 .
:
Li
[(C6Me6)2Re]PF6 O (C6Me6)2Re [(C6Me6)2Re]2
200 C R.T
18 VE 19 VE 18 VE

) Re(o) Re(I

. -18
:

H3C CH3
CH3 H3 C CH3 CH3
H 3C CH3 CH3H3C H3C CH3
ReI ReI
H3C CH3 H3C CH3 H3C CH3 H3C CH3
CH3 CH3 CH3 CH3
 WWW.IRANMEET.COM

207

: 9 ) (
-20 .
18 .

: Ru d8 8 .
6 20 .
18 4 .
3-4-2-4 )(
-
)(
.
(6-
C6H5Cl)2Cr .
- : )() (o .
AlCl3 .
:

(6-C10H8)2Cr + 3bipy 25
C
(bipy)3Cr + 2C10H8
- :
)( Cr(o) )Cr(I
[(C6H6)2Cr]+
.
- :

WWW.IRANMEET.COM

208

. ) TMEDA
( :

Li SMe
n-BuLi MeSSMe
Cr Cr Cr
TMEDA - LiSMe
C6H12
Li MeS

- : )(
:
R
+2 R + H 3C
CH3 H 3C H
H 3C H3C H3C
CH3 CH3 CH3
R- R- Fe
Fe Fe
H 3C
CH3 CH3
H3C CH3
H3C
H CH3
CH3 CH3 R
:
2+

NaBH4 + Ru
Ru Ru

75% 15%

.

4-4-2-4

:
+
][C6H6V(CO)4 C6H6M(CO)3 )( M = Cr, Mo, W
[C6H6Mn(CO)3]+ C6H6Fe(CO)2
 WWW.IRANMEET.COM

209

[(C6H6)3Co3(CO)2]+
:
:
- +
CH3 H3C
CH3
Mo(CO)6 + 125o H3C + 3 CO
Mo
H3C CH3 OC CO
OC
CO (ArH)M(CO)3
.
- + AlCl3 +
+
AlCl3 AlCl4-
Mn(CO)5Cl +
-2 CO Mn
OC CO
OC

- ) (
140160 C
'(ArH)Cr(CO)3 + ArH
(ArH')Cr(CO)3 + ArH

(CH3CN)3Cr(CO)3 + ArH (ArH)Cr(CO)3 + 3 CH3CN
25 C

: Cr(CO)3
.
:
WWW.IRANMEET.COM

210

Cr(CO)3 .

:
Cl OMe
NaOMe
Cr MeOH Cr
OC CO OC CO
OC OC
:10
:
: (C6H5Cl)Cr(CO)3 - .
-5

.
HNR2
F
F NR2
R2NH
Cr Cr -HF Cr
OC CO OC CO OC CO
OC OC OC
)( .
.
/ PF3
:
C6H3Me3Cr(CO)3 + 3 PF3 140
fac-(PF3)3Cr(CO)3 + C6H3Me3
150

5-2-4 C7H7+
7-C7H7 -
.
 WWW.IRANMEET.COM

211

. C7H7
7-C7H7+ -6 .
C7H7 3 -5 .
:
C7H7MC5H5 )( M= Ti, V, Cr )C7H7M(CO)3 (M= V, Mn, Re, Co
)[C7H7MC5H5]+ ( M = Cr, Mn C7H7Re(CO)4
[C7H7MoC6H6]+ )[C7H7M(CO)3]+ (M= Cr, Mo, W, Fe
[(C7H7)2V]2+ ][C7H7Fe(CO)3

1-5-2-4
:
-

V(CO)6 + C7H8 65
C
C7H7V(CO)3 + 1/2 H2 + 3 CO

C5H5V(CO)4 + C7H8 120
C
C5H5VC7H7 + 1/2 H2 + 4 CO

AlCl3 Na2S2O4 Cr
+ Cr Cr
-
OH

- 6-C7H8

[Ph 3 C]BF 4

Mo -Ph 3 CH Mo
OC CO OC CO
OC OC
WWW.IRANMEET.COM

212

-
+

RCOCl/AlCl3
Mn -40o Mn

RC+ .
) (5-C5H5)/(6-C6H6 C5H5CrC6H6
C6H6Cr(CO)3 .
- /
O
H COCl H C H Re(CO)5
Re(CO)5
[Re(CO)5]- hv
-Cl- -CO

Me3NO

Me3NO
Re(CO)3 Re(CO)4

-18


.

2-5-2-4
- -
C5H5CrC7H7 + 1/2I2 [C5H5CrC7H7]+ + I-
 WWW.IRANMEET.COM

213

-
H 3 CO
H
+

CH 3 O -

Mo Mo
OC CO OC CO
OC OC

-
+

N a C 5H 5
Cr Cr
OC CO
OC CO OC
OC

: 11 6 ) 7 (
.
: .
NaC5H5 NaC5H4CH3
C6H6Cr(CO)3
[C7H6CH3Cr(CO)3]+ NaC5H5 )( (CO)3 Cr
.
-

[Rh(CO)2Cl]2

Fe Fe Rh
OC CO OC CO
OC OC CO CO
7
. -
.
WWW.IRANMEET.COM

214

6-2-4 C8H8
) C8H8 ( COT
. COT :
- C8H8
) (C8H82- .
- 6 4 2 8
3 5 .
- C8H8 -
.
- -7 ) (C8H8 -10 )(C8H102-

f .
C8H8 .
:
)Ti(OC4H9)4 + C8H8 + Al(C2H5)3 Ti(C8H8)2 Or Ti2(C8H8
.
Ti(OC4H9)4 0/2 C8H8 0/4 Al(C2H5)3
2 Ti(C8H8)2 .
0/2 2 2 Ti(C8H8)3 .
:
HfCl4 + 2Mg + 2C8H8 Hf(C8H8)2 + 2MgCl2
Zr(allyl)4 + 2C8H8 Zr(C8H8)2

-[1-4 : 3-6 -C8H8][8-C8H8)Ti]2:
 WWW.IRANMEET.COM

215

4 3
O O

Ti o O
2 Ti
5
1O 0 6

8 O o 7

.

.
(8-C8H8)(4-C8H8)Ti
COT
.
:

Ti

O O O
O
O O
O O

. f
- . 4f

. -
. C8H8 -
5f 4f
. :
CeCl3 + 2 K2C8H8 diglyme
[K(diglyme)][Ce(C8H8)2] + 3 ClK
WWW.IRANMEET.COM

216

U(C8H8)2 .
.
COT
D8h:
UCl4 + 2 K2C8H8 THF
U(C8H8)2 + 4 ClK
193

265
U 385 pm

1-6-2-4 C8H8

C8H8
:

Cl
Pd
Cl
Mo
OC CO
OC

12 13
C8H8
. (4- C8H8)Fe(CO)2
.
C
, 2 CO
Fe(CO)5 + C8H8 Oc
tane ,125
C8H8Fe(CO)3

:12

 WWW.IRANMEET.COM

217

o
o
o
o o o
o o

Fe

OC CO
OC

: COT
.
.
2 1
.

.
C8H8
. CpCoC8H8
: (1,2 : 5,6 -C8H8)CoCp
(1-4-C8H8)CoCp .
1-4 (4-C8H8)Fe(CO)3 .

CpCo(CO)2 + C8H8 hv Co
Co

)(4 )(4
) Fe(C8H8
.
WWW.IRANMEET.COM

218

. COT ) (6
) (4 :
FeCl3 + iso-C3H7MgCl + C8H8 Fe(C8H8)2

O
O O O

Fe

O O
O
O

-1 :
- C=C 1652 cm-1 .
])K[PtCl3(CH3CH=CH2
1504 cm-1 .
- 1 3 - . IR
-2 5-C5H5
.
.
-3 C5H5 .
-4 :
a. Fe(5-C5H5)2 + Li + C2H5NH2
b. Co(5-C5H5)2+ + NaBH4
c. Rh(5-C5H5)2 + NaBH4
d. Co(5-C5H5)2 + F2C=CF2
e. Ni(5-C5H5)2 + Na/Hg THF

 WWW.IRANMEET.COM

219

-5
:
)a. Fe(5-C5H5)(5-C5H4COR
)b. Fe(5-C5H5)(5-C5H4HN2
)c. Fe(5-C5H5)(5-C5H4Et
)e. Fe(CO)3(4-C4H3-CH(OH)CH3
)f. Fe(CO)3(4-C4H3Li
-6 :
a. [PtCl3(C2H4)]-
b. Ni(2-C3H5)2
c. Fe(5-C5H5)2
-7 - .
-8 :
-
- - -
-
-9 - RhCp2 RuCp2
. -
Fe(5-C5H5)2 ) Fe(5-C5H5)2(5-C5H4COCH3
.
-10 Ni(5-C5H5)2 HF
[Ni(5-C5H5)(4-C5H6)]+ Fe(5-C5H5)2
[Fe(5-C5H5)2H]+ . H Fe
. .
WWW.IRANMEET.COM
 WWW.IRANMEET.COM

1-5



.
.
:
-1
-2 .
-3
.
-4
.

.
WWW.IRANMEET.COM

222

2-5

.

.
1900
Hg Tl B Al Li Sn
.
.

.
:

.

.
.
Tl Al B Zn Mg Li Sn
.

:1
:
nCH2=CH2 + LiR (CH2-CH2-)n + LiH
:

.
 WWW.IRANMEET.COM

223

.
.
.
1-5

.
1-5

SO2 1
2
3
N2 + H2 4
5
6
7
8
9
C2 + H2 10 -2 1
NH3 + O2 11
12
13
14
15
16
C2H4 17
18
19
CO + H2 20
WWW.IRANMEET.COM

224

SO2 SO3 .

H2 N2 .
.



.
-1 :

) ( -2 .
.
.
.


.

.

.

.
 WWW.IRANMEET.COM

225

:2
. - SO2 O2
. NO - .-
-D D L . HCl
: -
. -
. -
.

.

.


.
. CO H2
.
.
CO + 3H2
Ni
CH4 + H2O
CO + 2H2 CH3OH
Cu

.


.
WWW.IRANMEET.COM

226

.
IR . NMR
.


LEED ESR AUGER
.

2H+ CO + 2e H2 :3
. .
: CO
.
.


.
.
.

.

.

:4
. : - H2 C2H2
 WWW.IRANMEET.COM

227

. - O2 H2
- N2 Li3N H2O
NH3 LiOH .
: -
. -
. -

.
:5 :
- - - - -
.
: - N .
A B Q
:

=N
][Q

.

.
] [Q
. -

. -
. .
WWW.IRANMEET.COM

228

-
. -
.
)(
) ( .

.
.
.
.

.

.
:
- :
-1
-2 -
-3 -
-4
-
-1
-2
-3
 WWW.IRANMEET.COM

229

3-5

.
.
.

.

.

1-3-5
1-1-3-5 CO

CO .
CO
:
OC CO OC CO
CO
Mo Mo Mo Mo + 2CO
OC
OC CO OC CO

CO : P(CH3)3

Fe(CO)5 + P(CH3)3 Fe(CO)4(P(CH3)3 + CO
.
CO L
L
. CO
L :
WWW.IRANMEET.COM

230

Ni(CO)4
k1
)( Ni(CO)3 + CO
CO 18 .
Ni(CO)3 + L
k2
)( Ni(CO)3L
L 16
CO -18 Ni(CO)4 L
) ( Ni(CO)3 .

:
] = k1[Ni(CO)4
.
:

M(CO)6 + L ) = Mo(CO)5L + CO (L
:
] = k1[Mo(CO)6] + k2[Mo(CO)6][L

Mo(CO)5L .
:
Mo(CO)6
k1
Mo(CO)5 + CO
Mo(CO)5 + L Mo(CO)5L
]= k1[Mo(CO)6

Mo(CO)6 L
CO .
Mo(CO)6 + L
k1
][Mo(CO)6..L
 WWW.IRANMEET.COM

231

[Mo(CO)6..L] Mo(CO)5L + CO

:
]= k2[Mo(CO)6][L

CO .
Mo(CO)5L

.
CO


.

.

2-1-3-5

. -
.

.

WWW.IRANMEET.COM

232

. ) (
).( 1-5

2.28 A0

M
1-5

2-5 .

2-5
)( )(
136 P(CH3)(C6H5)2 87 PH3
137 P(CF3)3 104 PF3
145 P(C6H5)3 107 P(OCH3)3
170 P(cyclo-C6H11)3 190 P(OC2H5)3
182 P(t-C4H9)3 118 P(CH3)3
184 P(C6H5)3 124 PCl3
194 P(O-C6H4CH3)3 131 PBr3
132 P(C2H5)3

.
:
) - = cis-Mo(CO)4L2 + CO Mo(CO)5L ( L
cis-Mo(CO)4L2
. 2-5
.
 WWW.IRANMEET.COM

233

2-5

2-3-5 -
.

.
.
Fe(CO)5 I2 cis-I2Fe(CO)4 .
:
I2
Fe(CO)5 Fe(CO)4 cis-I2Fe(CO)4
CO
) Fe(0 . ) Fe(II
.
- .
WWW.IRANMEET.COM

234

. .
CO Cl-
CN- -1 .
. CH3-
CH3-
. .
- d8
trans-Ir(CO)Cl(Pet3)2
).(3-5

3-5 -

Ir ) (I ) (III
4 6 .
 WWW.IRANMEET.COM

235

.

.

.

1-2-3-5
.
-

. ) (4-5 -
Ir .
- .

4-5
WWW.IRANMEET.COM

236

- -
.

3-3-5 -
:
(5-C5H5)2TaH + H2 (5-C5H5)2TaH3
-
.
.
-
. :
R-H , R-R , R-X ) = (R, R = alkyl, aryl; X
.
R R
.
.

4-3-5

.

. ] [(5-C5H5)Mo(CO)3
:
5 - 5 -
[( -C5H5)Mo(CO)3] + CH3I ( -C5H5)(CH3)Mo(CO)3 + I
 WWW.IRANMEET.COM

237

[Fe(CO)4]2-.

Fe(CO)5 :
o
2Na + Fe(CO)5 dioxane
,100 C
Na2Fe(CO)401/5 dioxane + CO
.
[Fe(CO)4]2- RX [RFe(CO)4]-

).( 5-5 ] [RFe(CO)4
.

5-5 Fe(CO)42-

[Co(CO)4]-
.
Co2(CO)8 .
:
[Co(CO)4]- + RX RCo(CO)4 + X-
WWW.IRANMEET.COM

238

CO CO
- ) ( )
-C(=O)R ( .
O
RCo(CO)4 + CO R-CCo(CO)4
:
O O

R-CCo(CO)4 + R'OH R-COR' + HCo(CO)4

HCo(CO)4 ] [Co(CO)4
-

[Co(CO)4]-

.

4-5

- .

.
.
:

1-4-5

- . 6-5
.
 WWW.IRANMEET.COM

239

6-5 11

6-5 1 1
Mn CH3
S SO2 .

- . CO
M-CH3 CO
. .
-

. CO
Mn-CH3 CO
.
1 2
.
HCo(CO)4 Co(CO)4
WWW.IRANMEET.COM

240

H
).(7-5

7-5 12

1 2
.

2-4-5

.
.
H- .
.

. 8-5 .

.
 WWW.IRANMEET.COM

241

+ +

Rh Rh CH2
Me3P CH2-CH3 Me3P
H H 2C
16e 18e

8-5

.


.

.
.
.

3-4-5

.
.
9-5 .

.
WWW.IRANMEET.COM

242

-OCH3-
.
+
CO OCH3 CO H
Me3SiOSO2CF3
Fe C H Fe C
PPh3 CH3 PPh3 CH3

D +
CO CH3 CH3
CO
[PH3C]+BF4- C
Fe C D Fe
CO CH3 C
CO
H
-
H H
[Ph3C]+ .

9-5

5-5

.

.

.

.
.


 WWW.IRANMEET.COM

243

.

.

.

.
.

.
.

1-5-5
D2 (5-C5H5)2TaH3
.
C6D6 NMR
.

H D
H H H3TaCp2 D D

D2 , D
H H D
H D

.
10-5
.
WWW.IRANMEET.COM

244

H
Ta H 18e
H

1 -H2

Ta H 16e

H
Ta 18e
H
3 -H2

Ta 16e

+ D2
4

D
Ta 18e
D
5

Ta D +D

10-5

H2 )
( (5-C5H5)2TaH3 -18 (5-
 WWW.IRANMEET.COM

245

C5H5)2TaH 16 . -16
) -( -18
.
H2 16
(5-C5H5)2Ta-C6H5 . D2
) -( 18 .
C6H5D .
D2 C6D6 . (5-
C5H5)2TaD .
2 5 C6H5D C6D6 .

2-5-5


. R2C=CH2
R2CH-CH2CHO 11-5 :

. HCo(CO)4 Co2(CO)8 :
H2 + Co2(CO)8 2HCo(CO)4
18 16
. 18
2 ) 1 2
( 16
) CO
-(.
WWW.IRANMEET.COM

246

11-5

.

18 -16 .
 WWW.IRANMEET.COM

247

.
CO HCo(CO)4 CO
CO . CO
.

. CH2
CR2 .
R .
6 H2 ) -(
H2 H2 16
:

R2CH-CH2-Co(CO)3 + H2 R2CH-CH2Co(H)2(CO)3 -
CO
R2CH-CH3 + HCo(CO)4
R2CH-CH2-Co(H)3(CO)3

. 16 HCo(CO)3
.

( CH3CH=CH2 . )R2C=CH2
.

.

.
WWW.IRANMEET.COM

248

:6 -1
CO .
.
: CO
CO .
CO HCo(CO)3
:
HCo(CO)4 HCo(CO)3 + CO
HCo(CO)3

HCo(CO)3
CO.
(CH3)2C=CH2 :7
(CH3)2CH-CH2-CHO .
: 12-5 R
CH3 .

3-5-5
CO
1971 .
. 12-5 .

18 -16
.
-16
4 5 .
 WWW.IRANMEET.COM

249

12-5

[RhI3(CO)(COCH3)]-
. CO
-18 .
WWW.IRANMEET.COM

250

IC(=O)CH3.
. ]) [Rh(CO)2I2
(
.

4-5-5

PdCl42- .
13-5 .
.

.
13-5 [PtCl3(2-H2C=CH2)]-
.

5-5-5
RhCl(PPh3)3
.
14-5 .
4
.
. Rh
.
14-5 .
 WWW.IRANMEET.COM

251

13-5
WWW.IRANMEET.COM

252

14-5

RhCl(H)2(PPh3)2 .
 WWW.IRANMEET.COM

253

C=C Rh


.
Rh
.

. 15-5
.

15-5

PPh3
.

.
WWW.IRANMEET.COM

254

16-5 HRh(CO)2(PPh3)2
 WWW.IRANMEET.COM

255

:8 14-5

PPh3 : sol
6 :
RhClH2(PPh3)3 + sol RhClH2(PPh3)2sol

sol
:
)RhClH2(PPh3)2sol + C2H4 RhClH2(PPh3)2(C2H4

:9 PPh3 RhCl(PPh3)3
.
.
: PPh3 PPh3
) RhClL2(sol sol .
HRh(CO)2(PPh3)2
. 16-5 .

6-5-5
) (:CH2
. H2C=CH2 HRC=CHR
H2C=CHR:

H2C CH2 H2C CHR

+
RHC CHR CH2 CHR
WWW.IRANMEET.COM

256

.

)(
.
.

. )
( =CH2 -
. CH2

) .( 17-5

.


.

17-5
 WWW.IRANMEET.COM

257

.
W(CH-t-Bu)(OCH2-tBu)2Br2
GaBr3 18-5 .
NMR 13C
.

18-5

.
WWW.IRANMEET.COM

258

- )
.( 19-5

.

19-5

19-5

6-5

.

. 20
15
) .( 3-5


.

).(3-5
 WWW.IRANMEET.COM

259

3-5

1
TiCl4+AlR3,(R=alkyl)(Ziegler- TiCl3 2
)Nata
3
FeCl3,AlCl3 4
Pt Al2O3 5
Pt + Re ) ( 6
AlCl3 7
Co, Mn 8
CuCl2 KCl 9
ZnO , Cr2O3 10
ZnO 11
Cu , Ag 12
Pt Al2O3 13
Ag 14
Rh 15
16
- 17
18
Fe2O3 19
Mn Rh 20

1-6-5 -
1955 TiCl4
Al(C2H5)3
WWW.IRANMEET.COM

260

.
.
20-5 - .

20-5 -

TiCl4 TiCl3

. -
.
.
-
 WWW.IRANMEET.COM

261

-
.

20-5 .

-
.

2-6-5 -

:
H2O + C H2 + CO
H2 CO
CO2 .
.
-
1900 .
. :
H2 + CO ) (
Ni
3H2 + CO CH4 + H2O ) (
2H2 + CO Co
,Zn / Cu
CH3OH ) /(
) (Al2O3
.
.
.
WWW.IRANMEET.COM

262

.

.

.
) (Steam reforming

:
CH4 + H2O CO + 3H2
Ni 700 1000
. CO H2
.
. CO
- :
CO + H2O CO2 + H2
Zn/Cu Fe/Cr 400 C
0

. 400 0C
Go = -140 kJ/mole . CO2
99 .
. 21-5

.
. -

.
 WWW.IRANMEET.COM

263

21-5 -

-1 CO2 H .
IrCl(H)2(PPh3)3
.

-2
HRh(CO)(PPh3)3 .
-3 -
) ( .
-4
. :
WWW.IRANMEET.COM

264

- H2 . O2
- CO2 C . O2
- N2 H2 . NH3
-
-5 H2 RhCl(PPh3)3 25
2910 -4- -2-
990 3160 -1 60
.
.
-6 .
-7 - -
:
1
(a) Ni(CO)4 + CH2=CH-CH2Cl Ni( -C3H5)Cl(CO)3 + CO
(b) RhCl(PPh3)3 + H2 Rh(H)2Cl(PPh3)2 + PPh3
(c) (Ph3P)2(H)(Cl)Rh-CH2CH2CH3 (Ph3P)2RhCl + CH3CH2CH3
-8 N2
.
N2 .
.
9
O .
13
CH3 C Mn(CO)5

-10 ) cis-CH3Mn(CO)4(13CO )PR3(R=C2H5

.
 WWW.IRANMEET.COM

)(0 b )(0 a -1
-c ).( II
-2 a C -18 .
-3 b a c -16 .
b = Co a = Mn -4 . c = Cu
-5 - a 1 b 2.
a = Tc -6 :
b = Mo . c = Rh
b -7 -18 a : 1+
c 3- 1- d . 1+
a : b 3 2 c 3. x -8
S P C X -9

.

X Y X Y
M M

e -10 a : b 2 c 5 d 6 4
. 4
WWW.IRANMEET.COM

266

-11 :
Al2(CH3)6 + 6H2O 2Al(OH)3 + 6 CH4
Ga(CH3)3 + 3H2O Ga(CH3)2(H2O)2+ + OH- + 3CH4

-12
Al .

:
Al2(CH3)6 + 6H2O 2Al(OH)3 + 6 CH4
-13 . N(CH3)3
BMe3<< AlMe3 >> GaMe3 ~ InMe3 -14 Al B
.
:a -15 NiAs : b )
( C Li
: c . : d .
: e . B
. Si

: a -1
: b . :c B

:d . :e . Si As
.
:a -2 :b :c :d :e :f
:g.
 WWW.IRANMEET.COM

267

2Li + CH3Br LiCH3 + LiBr -3) - (

) - ( 2Al + 3Hg(CH3)2 Al2(CH3)6 + Hg
 2Si(CH3)3Cl + Al2(CH3)6 2Si(CH3)4 + Al2Cl2(CH3)4
(a -4
.
.
.
(b .
] Na[C10H8
] Na2[C10H8 .
] Na2[C10H8 .
   
 Si(CH3)2Cl2 + Cu
,
Si + 2 CH3Cl  :
AlCl3
Si(CH3)3Cl + Si(CH3)Cl3 2Si(CH3)2Cl2 :
Si(CH3)3Cl Si(CH3)2Cl2 -6 5
:
H 2SO 4
Si(CH3)2Cl2 + H2O [(CH3)2SiO)]4 + 2HCl, Si(CH3)3Cl + H2O

((CH3)3Si)2O + 2HCl, n[(CH3)2SiO) + ((CH3)Si)2O
(CH3)3SiO(Si(CH3)2O)4nSi(CH3)3.

-7 -
- - .
-
Si Si(CH)Cl3 .
Si(CH3)4
.
. :
WWW.IRANMEET.COM

268

B(CH3)3 > Li4(CH3)4 > Si(CH3)Cl3 > Si(CH3)4

-
)
.(
As .
.
- .

.


.
Li4(CH3)4 + GeCl4 4LiCl + Ge(CH3)4
Hg(CH3)2 + GeCl4 NR

-8
HOMO-LUMO

.
HOMO-LUMO
.

.
Si6(CH3)12 [Si(CH3)12]-
.
Si-Si -9
.
 WWW.IRANMEET.COM

269

Si hv
2 3 Si Si
Si Si

R
.
. SiR2Cl2
. p
.
Si(CH3)3Cl (CH3)3SiSi(CH3)3
:
2Si(CH3)3Cl + 2Na (CH3)3SiSi(CH3)3 + 2NaCl

PR2- > X- > H- > Ph- > R- -10

:

H
Al Al
H
-11
.
:
Mg + Hg(CH3)2 Mg(CH3)2 + Hg

-12 Pb-C Pb(CH3)4

. Bi(CH3)3

.
:
WWW.IRANMEET.COM

270

+ Pb(CH3)4 Pb + 2C2H6

-13 N (H3Si)3N Si

N . VSEPR
(CH3C)3N N
.
Si Si
N N
C
C
Si C

. Al-C Ga-C -14

Ga(CH3)3 CH3 Al Ga
CH3 Al2(CH3)6 .
CH3 Ga(CH3)3 :
Al2(CH3)6 + 6H2O 2Al(OH)3 + 6CH4
As -15 Ga
. GeH4
. GeH2
AsH3 . )Ge(II
. AsH5 As
AsPh5 ) As(CH3)5
( .

- -
.
 WWW.IRANMEET.COM

271

-1 Pt
) d Pt(
)(
.
-2 .
- .
) (VE
.
38 Cp 20 CO
8 60 .
. 1H-NMR
CP 5 .
CO 1640 cm-1 CO
.
-3 Co(5-C5H5)(CO)2 CO
-1 .
:
Co -1 + 2(0) = 0 Co = +1
Co +1.
-4 CO 1857 cm-1 1897 cm-1
CO ) ( > 1900 cm-1 .
CO .
CO CO
.
WWW.IRANMEET.COM

272

-5 Mn2(CO)10
Mn-Mn:
]Mn2(CO)10 + 2Na 2Na[Mn(CO)5
CH3I
:
Na[Mn(CO)5] + CH3I Mn(CH3)(CO)5 + NaI

. ) ( Mn
C CO PPh3
:
)Mn(CH3)(CO)5 + PPh3 Mn(CO)4(PPh3)(COCH3
-6 Mo(CO)6
. MoO3
Al(CH2CH3)3 CO .
Mo CO
.
o
MoO3 + Al(CH2CH3)3 + 6CO 150
Mo(CO)6
C , heptane

Al(CH2CH3)3 +
:
Mo(CO)5PPh3 + CO Mo(CO)6 + PPh3
THF ,hv

-7
.
.
P(t-Bu)3 PMe3 .
 WWW.IRANMEET.COM

273

-8 18 Ir 16
Cr 17.
20 Mo(CO)7 -9
18 .
-10 - 4-3 M6 86
90 . - M6
18 M-L M-M
M6 .
. - 86
90
Fe6
Co6.
-11 =CF2 .
F

.
HF [(CO)5Mn(CF2(OH))]+

:
F H
-HF
[(CO)5Mn = CF2]+ + H2O [(CO)2Mn C O]+
F H
[(CO)2Mn C ]O + -HF
[(CO)5Mn + [Mn(CO)6]+
C ]O
F H
-12 C(=O)Ph
Ph- C :
])Mo(CO)6 + PhLi Li[Mo(CO)5(COPh
WWW.IRANMEET.COM

274

CH3OSO2CF3:
Li[Mo(CO)5(COPh)] + CH3OSO2CF3 Mo(CO)5(C(OCH3)Ph) + LiSO3CF3

O Ph MeO Ph
C C
OC CO OC CO
Mo Mo
OC CO OC CO
CO CO
[Mo(CO)5(COPh)] - )Mo(CO)5(C(OMe)Ph

-13 -18
. W-CO .
-16
Ir-CO
13
CO . IrCl(CO)(PPh3)2
W(CO)6 .
M-M -14
.
. d -
Ir-Ir Co-Co

-1 -
. d
 WWW.IRANMEET.COM

275

-
IR .
-2
.

.
. C5H5 -3
) (1
. ) (3
4 )(4 .
) (5 5 .
-4 :
a. Fe( -C5H5)2 + Li + C2H5NH2 Fe + 2C5H5-
5

)b. Co(5-C5H5)2+ + NaBH4 Co(5-C5H5)(4-C5H6

(5-C5H 5)Rh
H
H
c. Rh( -C5H5)2 + NaBH4
5
5
)Rh( -C5H5

CO
C 2F 2
d. Co( -C5H5)2 + F2C=CF2
5 C F2
19e H CO 18e
18e
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276

e. Ni(5-C5H5)2 + Na/Hg THF

20e Ni

18e

-5 :

a. )Ru(5-C5H5)2 + MeCOCl/AlCl3 Ru(5-C5H4COMe)(5-C5H5

b. )Os(5-C5H5)2 + RCOCl/AlCl3 Os(5-C5H4COR)(5-C5H5
c. Ni(CO)4 + H2C=CH-CH2Cl NiCl(3-C3H5) + 4CO
d. Mo(6-C6H6)3 + 6PF3 Mo(PF3)6 + 3C6H6
e. M(CO)6 + Arene + hv M(CO)3(6-Arene) + 3CO

-a -6
.
.
.
Co d8
. d10

- .
-b 3
2 . 2
:
M M

M
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277

- C

.
C5H5 5
5 sp2
.
.
-7
18 . RuCp2 19 RhCp2
Rh- RhCp2
RhCp2. RuCp2 C Ru-C .
-8 -
.
. -18
18 .
16
.
- - .

. *
.
. 3
- 6
d8 d2 .
6 -6 .
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278

D6h
.
) (+1
.
.
-9 Cp

.
)(III
.
Fe(5-C5H5)2 + CH3COCl Fe(5-C5H5)( (5-C5H4COCH3) + HCl
AlCl 3

FeCp -10
[FeCp2H]+ FeCp2 .
20 NiCp2 18 .
[NiCp(4- Cp
18 . C5H6)]+

18
Cp . Ni

O- -1 :
CO2 H2 H

) M0
H2 CO2 :
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279

O O
H
C 0 C
+ M II
H O H M O H
O H O
H II
C C
II
M M0 + H2 + CO2
M O H
H O

' ( #)!#*# & % "#$ )Ir(III ! IrClH2(PPh3)2  

! 234-   %) 5 67  #8( 2$)$ .0$( '-. /  +,
(=>- ?)  #8( 2);< .#0 %)!#*# 9!#-  %$ #0 938
   )  ( # @    (=< ABC 5 67 ! 9!#-  (=4
IrClH2(PPh3)3 <!  ! >8 %#$ %F#8 $7 D>  9 2$)$ .< DE
:' 5 !7 %$
IrClH2(PPh3)3 IrClH2(PPh3)2 + PPh3
)IrClH2(PPh3)2 + HCOOH IrClH2(PPh3)2(HCOOH
IrClH2(PPh3)2(HCOOH) IrCl(PPh3)2(HCOOH) + H2
IrCl(PPh3)2(HCOOH) IrClH(HCO2)(PPh3)2
IrClH(HCO2)(PPh3)2 IrClH2(CO2)(PPh3)3
IrClH2(CO2)(PPh3)3 IrClH2(PPh3)2 + CO2

-18 RhH(CO)(PPh3)3 -2
:
RhH(CO)(PPh3)3 RhH(CO)(PPh3)2 + PPh3
18 16 2

RhH(CO)(PPh3)2
.
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280

16
.
.
-3
.
.
-
.

.
-4 -
.
) (
.

:
)H2O(l) H2(g) + O2(g G0 = 237 kJmol-1
-
CO2 .
)CO2(g) C(s) + O2(g G0 = 394 kJmol-1
-
80 .
.
G0 )( N2 + 3H2 2NH3 .
 WWW.IRANMEET.COM

281

.( -16/5 400 )kJmol-1

G
.

.
G0 RHC=CHR + H2 RH2C-CH2R -
.

) 80
( . .
-5 -4-
-2- ) . (3 -1
) .(53

. -4 -
-2-
-1 .

. )(c) (d )(b) (c

:
-2 )( RhClH2L2(alkyl)(sol) (c -1
)(c) (d . )(RhClHL2(alkyl)(sol) (d )(c
RhCl(PPh3)3
.
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282

d -6
d
. *

.
-7 ) (a ) Ni(0 ) Ni(II
. ) (b-
) (c - .
-8 N2 .

.
) ( ) (
) (
. ) (
.
13
CO CH3Mn(CO)5 -9
.
:
O COCO
13 13
CH3 C Mn(CO)5 + H3C Mn CO + CO

OC CO

CH313C(=O)Mn(CO)5

CH3 .
 WWW.IRANMEET.COM

283

( R= C2H5) PR3 cis-CH3Mn(CO)4(13CO) -10

:
. CH3CO 13
C 25

O
CO 13 CO 13
CO C CH3
OC M CH3 OC M PR3
OC OC
CO CO

. CH3CO 13
CO 25

13 13
CO CO
CO CO
OC M CH3 OC M PR3
OC O C
CO CO
CH3

.0$ ( CH3CO !  13C ! H#IJ 5 K! G

CH3
O
13 13
CO C
CO CO
OC M CH3 OC M PR3
OC OC
CO CO

CO 13 CO 13
CO CO
OC M CH3 OC M PR3
OC OC
CO C
H3C O
.0$ ( CH3CO %$ '64  Pet3 LM#IJ D8 !
WWW.IRANMEET.COM

Absorption spectra Bent double bond

Abstraction reaction Bond cleavage
Actinides Bond energy
Activation Energy Bond length
Activation complex Bond polarity
Addition Bonding
Addition reaction Butterfly cluster
Adduct complexes Cage
Agostic hydrogen Carbanion
Alkali Metal Carbene
Alkene dimerization Carbene complexes
Alkene hydroformylation Carbenium ion
Alkylidyne complexes Carbide insertion
Allyl complexes Carbonyls
Anion radical Catalyst recovery
Anthropy Catalytic process
Antiferromagnitic Catalytic reaction
Antioxidant Catenation
Aromatic substitution 2-center 2-electron
Aromaticity 2-center 3-electron
Associative mechanism Charge equilibration
asymmetry Chemisorption
Attachment Chiral synthesis
Axial symmetry Cis
Backdonation Classification
Bending vibration Cluster
Bent Cluster fragments
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285

Cluster synthesis Electron deficient bond

Coalescence Electron density
Condensation Electron precision
Condensation reaction Electron rich
Conductivity Electron transfer
Conformation Electronegative
Contact ion pair Electronic spetra
Conversion Electrophile
Coordination site Electropositive
C.O.T Elimination
Coulombic interaction Endothermic
Covalent radii Energy transfer
Cross linking Enterchange reaction
Cyclopentadienyl E.S.R
Deformation Exchange reaction
Delocalization Expansion
Diamagnetic Ferrocene
Dipole-moment Flexibility
Direct exchange Fluxional
Displacement Fragmentation reaction
Disproportion reaction Grignard reagent
Disproportionation Half-sandwich
Dissociative mechanism Hard acid
Dissymmetry Hard base
Distillation Heterogeneous
E.A.N High- spin
Electrolytic Homogeneous
Electron affinity Homoletic cleavage
Electron deficient Homologous
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286

Homolysis Ligand rotation

Hybridization Ligands
Hydride abstraction Linear
Hydride elimination Literature
Hydride ion Localized electron
Hydrogen transfer Localized orbitals
Hydrogenation Lone pair electron
Hydrolysis Low- spin
Inert Luminescence
Inhibitors Magnetic properties
Inner gases Mansanto process
Insertion reaction Metal carbonyls
Intermediate Metal exchange
Intermolecular Metal protonation
Intramolecular Metalation
Ion pair Metallic clusters
Ionic bond Metalloid
Isoelectronic Metathesis
Isolobal Methylation
Isolobal relationships Mossbauer Spectroscopy
Isomer shift Multiple bond
Isomerization Neutron diffraction
Kinetic energy N.M.R
Kinetic stability Nomenclature
Lability Nucleophiles
Lanthanides Olefin insertion
Lewis acidity Oligomerization
Lewis base Organoaluminium
L.F.S.E Organolithum
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287

Overlap Ring strain

Oxidation number Rotational barrier
Oxidative addition Sandwich structure
Paramagnetic Saturation
Polar bonds Selectivity
Polarity Singlet state
Polarization Soft acid
Polymerization Soft base
Potential energy Solvent
Protolysis Solvolosis
Protonation Spectrochemical series
Pyrophoric Square pyramidal
Rate determining step Stability
Reactivity Stereochemistry
Reagent Steric hinderance
Rearrangement Stoichiometric
Redistribution Structure
Redistribution reaction Substituation reaction
Reducing agent Symmetry
Reduction Synthesis
Reduction agent Thermal stability
Reductive aggregation Thermodynamic
Reductive cleavage T.H.F
Refraction Tolman angle
Regioselectivity Toxic
Relaxation times Trans
Ring contraction Transient
Ring expansion Transmetallation
Ring opening Trigonal bipyramidal
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288

Triplet state
Unsaturated ligands
Unstable
Vibration frequency
18-valence electron 18
V.S.E.P.R
x-ray differaction
Zeises salt
Ziegler- Natta catalysis -
-Hydride elimination
- elimination
- hydrogen elimination
- acceptor property
-acceptor
- acceptor
- donor
- donor ligands
- donor/- acceptor -
 WWW.IRANMEET.COM

18-valence electron 18 Potential energy

Hydrolysis Bond energy
Pyrophoric Kinetic energy
Attachment Activation energy
Cross linking Flexibility
Reduction Ring contraction
Bending vibration
High- spin Localized orbitals
Low- spin Isomerization
Aromatic substitution Backdonation
Stoichiometric Hard base
Hard acid Lewis base
Soft acid Soft base
Saturation Inhibitors
Addition Ring opening
Actinides Catalyst recovery
Oxidative addition Polar bonds
Expansion Coulombic interaction
Ring expansion Coalescence
Anthropy Inert
Electron transfer asymmetry
Energy transfer Intermolecular
Transmetallation Paramagnetic
Hydrogen transfer Stability
Antioxidant Thermal stability
Antiferromagnitic Kinetic stability
L.F.S.E x-ray differaction
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290

Neutron diffraction Rearrangement

Redistribution Isomer shift
Metal protonation Olefin insertion
Protonation Carbide insertion
Protolysis Chemisorption
Polymerization Lone pair electron
Multiple bond Ion pair
Electron deficient bond Contact ion pair
Bent double bond Regioselectivity
Ionic bond Ligand rotation
Bonding Oligomerization
Metal exchange Triplet state
Direct exchange Singlet state
Conversion Intermediate
T.H.F - elimination
Reductive aggregation Elimination
Condensation - hydrogen elimination
Trans -Hydride elimination
Organoaluminium Hydride elimination
Organolithum Solvent
Homologous Solvolosis
Thermodynamic Aromaticity
Disproportionation Linear
Charge equilibration Bent
Deformation - acceptor property
Symmetry
Axial symmetry Magnetic properties
Distillation Cluster
Displacement Butterfly cluster
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291

Metallic clusters Cyclopentadienyl

Electron density Metalloid
Fluxional Covalent radii
Intramolecular Refraction
Electron precision Reductive cleavage
- donor Bond cleavage
- donor/- acceptor Homoletic cleavage
2-center 2-electron Homolysis
Electrophile Stereochemistry
Diamagnetic Conformation
Alkene dimerization Classification
Isolobal relationships Bond length
Anion radical Absorption spectra
Hydride abstraction Mossbauer Spectroscopy
N.M.R Electronic spetra
Tolman angle Reduction agent
Relaxation times Reducing agent
Catenation E.A.N
Structure Oxidation number
Sandwich structure Delocalization
Spectrochemical series Electron rich
Toxic Heterogeneous
Cluster synthesis Catalytic process
Chiral synthesis Mansanto process
Synthesis Vibration frequency
Trigonal bipyramidal Ferrocene
2-center 3-electron Ring strain
Cis Lability
C.O.T Alkali Metal
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292

Metalation - acceptor
Lewis acidity Lanthanides
Selectivity Luminescence
Polarization Ligands
Polarity - donor ligands
Bond polarity Unsaturated ligands
Cluster fragments Metathesis
Cage Literature
Ziegler- Natta catalysis - Methylation
Carbene Coordination site
Electropositive Square pyramidal
Electrolytic Rate determining step
E.S.R Grignard reagent
Electron affinity Reagent
Localized electron Dissociative mechanism
Electronegative Dipole-moment
Carbanion Rotational barrier
Carbonyls Steric hinderance
Metal carbonyls Associative mechanism
Electron deficient Unstable
Activation complex Dissymmetry
Allyl complexes Nomenclature
Adduct complexes Zeises salt
Alkylidyne complexes V.S.E.P.R
Carbene complexes Half-sandwich
Inner gases Conductivity
Transient Nucleophiles
Endothermic Isoelectronic
-acceptor Isolobal
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293

Overlap
Homogeneous
Hybridization
Agostic hydrogen
Hydrogenation
Alkene hydroformylation

Substituation reaction
Addition reaction
Reactivity
Redistribution reaction
Enterchange reaction
Exchange reaction
Condensation reaction
Disproportion reaction
Insertion reaction
Abstraction reaction
Fragmentation reaction
Catalytic reaction
Carbenium ion
WWW.IRANMEET.COM
 WWW.IRANMEET.COM

.
.
.............................................. / ........................................... ...................
: ..................... ...........
........................ .............

.1
.2
.3
.4 ) (
.5
.6
.7
.8
.9
.10 ...
.11 /
.12
.13
.14
.15
.16
.17 ...

.18

.

.

-19569 19395-4697 .


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