Professional Documents
Culture Documents
2555
TRANSLATING AMERICAN COMEDY FILM TITLES INTO THAI:
STRATEGIES AND ANALYSIS
By
Miss Supawan Thongwan
An Independent Study Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree
Master of Arts Program in Language and Intercultural Communication
Department of Western Languages
Graduate School, Silpakorn University
Academic Year 2012
Copyright of Graduate School, Silpakorn University
...........................................................
( . )
.............................. ............
....................................................
( )
............/......................../..............
....................................................
( . )
............/......................../..............
52113321:
: /
: .
: .. . 89 .
98
.. 2551-2553 (Skopos Theory)
(2550)
(2543)
100 5
10 1)
2) 3)
4)
5) 6)
7) 8)
9) 10)
........................................ 2555
........................................
52113321: MAJOR: (LANGUAGE AND INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION)
KEY WORD: AMERICAN COMERDY FILM TITLES/TRANSLATION STRATEGY
SUPAWAN THONGWAN: TRANSLATING AMERICAN COMEDY FILM TITLES INTO
THAI: STRATEGIES AND ANALYSIS. INDEPENDENT STUDY ADVISOR: ASST.PROF.
JARUWAN CHARINTRANONT. 89 pp.
The objectives of this study are to analyze naming strategies of American Comedy
Film Titles in Thai Languages. Ninety-Eight American comedy films screens during
2009-2011 were analyzed, basing on the translation theory by Skopos (1977). More
techniques of Benjarat Vittayathep (2010) and Thirarath Boonkongsean (2000) are applicable
to the analysis as well.
The analysis was divided into two parts. In the first part, the researcher focused on
the classification of each title by identifying and explaining the main translation technique
employed. It was found that ten main strategies were applied,namely, 1) renaming by
theme-based translation without repeating of words in original titles, 2) unduly free translation,
3) transliteration of the original English titles with addition of sub-titles, 4) transliteration of the
original English titles without addition of sub-titles, 5) partial transliteration of the original
English title with addition of sub-titles, 6) partial transliteration of the original English title
without addition of sub-titles, 7) partial direct transliteration and partial transliteration of the
original English title with additional meaning in Thai language, 8) word-by word translation,
9) direct translation from English titles with addition of titles and 10) partial translation from
English titles with addition of titles
ENTERTAIN
....................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
1 ............................................................................................................................ 1
.................................................................. 1
...................................................................................................
......................................................................................
5
5
................................................................................................. 5
.............................................................................................. 6
............................................................................................... 6
................................................................................... 6
2 ....................................................................................................... 7
...................................................................... 7
...................................................................................... 7
............................................................................................ 10
(Skopos Theory) ................................ 11
.................................................................................................. 13
(Christiane Nord) ............... 17
................................... 19
.......................................................................................... 24
3 ........................................................................................................... 25
......................................................................................................... 25
......................................................................................... 25
.......................................................................................... 26
............................................................................................... 29
................................................................................................ 29
.............................................................................................. 31
............................................................................................... 34
............................................................................ 34
4 ..................................................................................................................... 36
. . 2551-2553 ............................................................... 36
5
. .2551-2553 .......................... 53
........................................................ 61
.................................................................................................... 61
......... 63
..... 66
.......................................................................................................... 68
. . 2551-2553 .......................................................................................... 68
....................................................................................................... 69
............................................................................ 71
........................................................................................................ 72
............................................................................................................................ 73
.................................................................................................................................. 77
.............................................................................................. 78
. .2551-2553.......................................... 82
. .2551-2553 87
.............................................................................................................................. 89
1 .. 2551-2553 .... 26
2
.. 2551-2553 ............................................................................................... 37
3 .. 2551-2553 .............. 37
4
..................................................................................... 38
5
................................................................................
6
39
...................................................................................... 40
7
................................................................................. 41
8 .. 2551-2553 ............ 42
9 .... 43
10
..................................................................................... 44
11
..................................................................................... 46
12
....................................................................................... 47
13 .. 2551-2553 ............ 47
14 ... 48
15
............................................................................ 51
16 .................... 52
17 ......................................................... 54
18 ......................................................... 54
19 ...................................... 54
20 ..................................................... 55
21 . 55
22 .............................. 56
23
................................................................. 56
24 ............ 57
25 .................... 57
26
... 58
27
................ 59
1.
(2541:2)
(Cross cultural communication)
(2550:11)
(medium)
1
2
Nothing to lose
()
( )
( 2541, 2542:91)
(American Comedy film)
( , 2541:242-246)
1
Batman Begins
2
Phone Booth
3
P.S. I Love You .
4
Enchanted
(2550)
(2543)
2551-2553
98
5
1.
1.
.2551-2553
2.
2.
1.
.2551-2553
2.
.2551-2553
3.
3.1
3.2
6
4.
.. 2551-2553
Entertain
Extra 98
5.
(American Comedy Film)
(Hollywood)
(fantasy)
6.
1. .. 2551-2553
2.
.. 2551-2553
3.
4.
5.
2
1.
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4 (Christiane Nord)
2.
1.
1.1
Translation
Perter Newmark (1981:7) Translation is a craft consisting in the attempt
to replace a writen message and/or statement in one language by the same message and/or
statement in another language.
(2542:3)
7
8
the first language to the form of a second language by way of semantic structure. It is meaning
which is being transferred and must be held constant. Form changes only.
(2543: 13)
(2548: 14)
9
(2542: 4)
(2550: 1)
(2542:4)
(2533: 33)
(2543:4)
(2545: 7)
10
(2527:2)
(Source Language)
(Receptor Language) (Target
Language)
(Target Language)
(Source Language)
(Translator)
1.2
Newmark (1984)
( 2527:16,
2543:21-23)
1.
(Sociolinguistics)
(Psycho-
linguistics)
11
2.
3.
4.
Peter Newmark (1988:148)
(Skopostherie)
Skopos
. (Hans J. Vermeer)
(function)
(Socioculture)
(Katharina Reiss)
12
opos
(function)
(2545)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Skopos
1.
2.
( )
3.
13
(Skopos)
1.
2.
3.
opos
1.3
(2524 , 2531: 17)
2
1.
14
2.
(2531: 12-30) 2
1. (Literal Translation)
1.2 (Literal Translation)
1. ( iterary Transalation)
2. (Technical Translation)
15
( : - ) 2
1. ( iteral Translation)
2. (Free Translation)
1.
(2543:47-51)
(Literal Transalation)
2
1.1. ( ord-For- ord Translation)
2. ( on-Literal Transltion)
(Free Translation)
16
(2543: 17-18) 2
1. (Literal
Translation)
2. (Free Translation)
Larson (1984: 15-17)
1. (form-based translation)
Literal translation word-for-word translation
2. (meaning-based translation)
Idiomatic translation
1. (Word For Word Translation)
2. (Literal Translation)
17
3. (Free Translation)
(Non-Literal Translation)
(Christiane Nord)
1.4
(1993)
1.
2.
3.
18
4.
4.1
4.2
4.3
5.
5.1
5.2
5.3
6.
19
2.
2.1 (2550)
. . - ( opos Theory )
1.)
2.)
3.)
4.)
5.)
6.)
20
2.2 (2543)
3
2.2.1
2.2.1.1
2.2.1.2
2.2.1.3
21
2.2.2
2.2.2.1
1)
2)
3)
4)
2.2.2.2
2.2.3
2.2.3.1
2.2.3.2
2.3 (2538)
( oncept)
22
1.
2. (Paradox)
(Unforgiven)
3.
(The Last Boy Scout)
4.
(Kwagga Strikes Back) (Dave) (3 Ninjas)
(Blood Store Subspecies)
(Born Yesterday)
(Richochet)
1. (Aladin)
(The Lion King) (The Piano)
2.
(Beauty and The Beast)
3.
(The Vanishing) (Dennis The Menace)
23
4.
(The Silent of the Lambs) (California
Man)
5.
(The Body Guard)
2.4
(2541)
)
(
( )
Jaws
Cry,
The Beloved Country ..
1
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.8
2
.2551-2553
(Descriptive Statistics)
1. 2. 3.
4. 5. 6. 7.
8.
1.
1.1 (Primary Data)
Entertain Extra
1.2 (Secondary Data)
2.1
. . 551- 553
n e in Extra 98
25
26
2.2
1
1
(Simple Random Sampling)
,1973 90%
1
(Acciden l S mpling) 1
3.
2
1
1 . . 551-2553
27
2
1 2
1 ,
4
2
2
1
3
(5)
2
(Simple Random Sampling)
10
1. Sex and the City
2. Yes Man
3. The House Bunny
4. High School Mucical: Senior Year
5. You don mess wi h Zoh n
6. The Great Buck Howard
28
7. The Hangover
8. What happen in Vegas
9. Easy A
10. The Proposal
( pen- nded)
1.
1.1
1.2
1.3 ( )
2.
2.1
2.2
2.3 ( )
(Open-Ended)
29
.1 1
. 551 553 3 98
A A
http://www.imdb.com
.
100
5.
1
1.1
1.2
2551-2553 A EXTRA
1.3
http://www.imdb.com
1.4
30
1.5
2
2.1
2.2
(Simple Random
Sampling)
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6
( 535 1 1)
= f x 100
N
f
2.7 (Descriptive Analysis)
31
6.
1
SKPS(1977)
3 (Literal)
Mildred M. Larson (1984)
(Word-for-
word) (Purpose)
( )
( 55 )
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Skopos (1977) Mildred M. Larson (1984)
( 55 ) 2
( 5 3) 3
32
( 5 3) 3
1.
1.1
1.2
1.3
2.
2.1
2.1.2
2.1.3
2.1.4
2.1.5
2.2
3.
3.1
3.2
33
1.
1.1
1.2
1.3
2.
.1
.
2.3
3.
3.1
3.2
( 2535: 101)
= f x 100
N
f
34
(Descriptive
Analysis) (Open-Ended)
(Indepth Interview)
7.
(Descriptive An l sis)
1
98
. 551- 553
2
(Open- nded)
8.
2
35
1.
2.
4
2551-2553
98
(Descriptive Statistics) 2
1
2551-2553 ( 2 16)
2
( 17 27)
1
2551-2553 98
SKOPOS (1977)
(2550)
(2543)
2551-2553
98 3 1
36
37
44.90 2 32
32.65 3 22 22.45
2 .. 2551-2553
()
1. 44 44.90
2.
3.
32
22
32.65
22.45
98 100
1)
4
12 54.54
5 22.73
4 18.18
1 4.55
3 .. 2551-2553
1. ()
1.1 12 54.54
1.2 5 22.73
1.3 4 18.18
1.4 1 4.17
22 100
38
1.1)
3
2551-2553 98 12
4
1.1
1 2551 Fool's Gold
2 2551 Penelope
3 2551 Juno
4 2551 Mamma Mia! !
5 2551 Kung fu panda
6 2551 Get Smart
7 2551 In Bruges
8 2552 Yes Man ""
9 2552 Bolt
10 2552 New in Town
11 2553 MacGruber
12 2553 Due Date
1 (Juno)
39
2 (Yes Man)
1.2)
3 2551-2553 98
5
5
1.2
1 2551 Sex and the City
2 2552 The Pink Panther 2 2
3 2553 Sex and The City 2 2
4 2553 Toy Story 3 3
5 2553 Yogi Bear
40
1 (Sex and the City)
1.3)
3 2551-2553 98 4
6
1. 3
1 2551 Horton Heers a Who!
2 2551 The House Bunny
3 2552 Zack and Miri Make a Porno
4 2552 The Rebound
41
(Zack and Miri Make a Porno)
1.4)
7
1.4
1 2552 High School Musical : Senior Year
(High School Musical: Senior Year)
Senior Year High School Musical
Senior Year
Senior Year
42
2)
4 14
43.75 11
34.78 6 18.75
1 3.12
8 .. 2551-2553
2. ()
2.1 14 43.75
2.2 11 34.38
2.3 6 18.75
2.4 1 3.12
32 100.00
2.1
3 2551-2553 98 14
43
9
2.1
1 2551 Martian Child
2 2551 My Sassy Girl
3 2551 My best friend's girl ""
4
2551 The Hottie and the Nottie
?
5
2552 Confession of a Shopaholic
6 2552 The Great Buck Howard
7 2552 Night at the Museum 2 2
8 2552 Land of Lost
9 2553 The man who stare at Goats
10 2553 Love Happens
11 2553 Tooth Fairy
12 2553 How to Train Your Dragon
13 2553 Its Complicated
14 2553 Going the Distance
1 (Confession of Shopaholic)
Shopaholic
(http://dict.longdo.com)
Confession of
44
2.2)
3
2551-2553 98 11
10
2.2
1 2551 Virgin Territory
2 2551 What happens in Vegas
3 2552 Big Stan
Ice Ages 3: Dawn of the 3
4 2552
Dinosaurs
5 2552 New York, I love you
6 2553 Alvin and the Chipmunks 2 2
7 2553 A serious man
8 2553 Date Night
9 2553 Shrek Forever After
10 2553 I love you Phillip Morris
11 2553 When in Rome
45
1 (What happens in Vegas)
e as in
2 (Date Night)
ate
i ht
Date Night
2.3)
3 2551-2553 98
6
46
11
2.3
1 2551 Bedtime Stories
2 2552 17 Again 17
3 2552 The Hangover
4
2552 The Brother Bloom
5
6 2553 Killers
2553 The Switch
1 (Bedtime Stories)
Bedtime Stories
2 (The Brother Bloom)
The Brother Bloom
2.4)
2551-2553 98 1
47
12
2.4
1 2551 You don't mess with the Zohan
(You dont mess with Zohan)
Dont
(http://dict.longdo.com) mess with
(www.urbandictionary.com) Zohan
3)
2
34 77.27
10 22.73
48
13 .. 2551-2553
3. ()
3.1 34 77.27
3.2 10 22.73
44 100
3.1)
3 2551-2553 98
34
14
3.1
1 2551 Mr.Wood Cock
2 2551 Mr. Magorium's Wonder
3 2551 Enchanted
4 2551 Dan in Real Life
5 2551 I could never be your woman
6 2551 Nim's Island
7 2551 Be Kind Rewind
8 2551 Wall E
9 2551 Made of Hornor
10 2551 Burn After Reading
11 2551 Disaster Movie
49
12 2551 Tropic thunder .
13 2552 What just Happened?
14 2552 Imagin that
15 2552 UP
16 2552 Bandslam
17 2552
The Ugly Truth
. .
18
19
2552
2552
Couple Retreat
Whip it
4
20 2553 The Spy Next Door
21 2553 How to Be 100
22 2553 Its complicated
23 2553 My One and Only
24 2553 Furry Vengeance
25 2553 The Bounty Hunter
26 2553 Bitter/Sweet
27 2553 Knight and Day
28 2553 Despicable Me
29 2553 The Back -Up Plan
30 2553 Letter to Juliet
31 2553 Grown Ups
32 2553 Red
33 2553 The Joneses
34 2553 Easy A
50
1 (UP)
UP
"
2 (The Joneses)
The Jonesses
"
3.2)
2551-2553 98 10
51
15
3.2
1 2551 27 Dresses 27
?
2 2551 Superhero Movie
3 2551 Teeth
4 2551 Beverly Hills Chihuahua
5 2551 Sex Drive
6 2552 The Proposal
7 2553 Valentine's Day
8 2553 Kick-Ass
9 2553 Cats & Dogs: The Revenge of Kitty Gaiore 2
10 2553 Dinner for Schmucks
1 (Beverly Hills Chihuahua)
Chih ah a
Be erl hills
2 (The Proposal)
The roposal
52
.. 2551-2553
(2550) (2543)
8 1) 2)
3) 4)
5)
6) 7)
8)
8 2
1) 2)
. . 2551-
255 10
16
1) 34 34.70
2) 14 14.29
3) 12 12.25
4) 11 11.22
5) 10 10.20
6) 6 6.13
7) 5 5.10
8) 4 4.09
9) 1 1.02
10) 1 1.02
98 100.0
53
16
34.70
14.29
12.25
11.22
10.20
6.13
5.1
4.09
2
1.02
2
8 2 ( )
100 2
1
2
54
2.1
17
25 48
26 - 30 20
31 - 35 24
36 - 40
6
41 2
100
17 25 48
31 35 24 26 30 20.5
18
38
62
100
18 62
38
19
81
19
100
19 81
19
55
20
44
41
7
4
3
1
100
20 44
41 / 7 4
1
2.2
21
38
19
16
15
12
0
100
56
21
1 38 2 19 3
16 4 15 5 12
22
97
3
100
22 97
3
23
84
16
100
23
84
16
57
24
()
17
"" 16
15
13
12
10
7
5
3
2
100
24
(The Hangover)
""
(Yes Man)
25
60
27
6
4
3
100
58
25
60
27
26
26
17
16
14
"" 9
5
4
3
3
3
100
26
(Easy A)
(The house
Bunny)
59
27
46
38
8
6
2
100
27
6
38
(The Hangover)
(Easy A)
60
. .2551-2553 100
5
1.
. . 2551 -
2553
. . 2551-2553
98
(2550)
(2543) 8
1 2
3) 4
5
6 7
8)
61
62
2 1
2
2551-2553 10
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
1
34 34.70 2
. 3
12 . 4
. 5
10 10.20 6
4.09 7
5.10 8
4 4.09 9
10 1 1.02
63
98
(2550)
10
1.
1.1
(Sex and the City) 3 (Toy Story 3)
1.2
(Get Smart)
64
1.3
(The Rebound)
1.4
(High
School Musical : Senior Year)
2.
2.1
(Bedtime Stories)
2.3
(Confession of Shopaholic) Shopaholic
( http://dict.longdo.com)
2.4
(Virgin Territory)
3.
.
(Mr.Wood Cock) (Mr. Magorium's
Wonder) (Wall E)
66
3.2
v l ll C
(Valentine's Day)
10
10
2.1
62 38
25 48 31-35 24
81 44
41
67
.
38 19
3 16
97
84
.
17
16
60
27
68
2.
2
2.1 2551-2553
34.70 98
(EASY A)
69
2.2
70
(Code-Mixing)
(Loan word)
(2545)
71
3.
5
72
4.
1.
2.
. . -2553
. .
3.
4.
5.
73
. :. : ,
2541.
. . 4. :
, 2541.
. . : , 2541.
.
, 2543.
. .
, 2530.
. . :
, 2528.
. = THEORY AND STRATEGIES OF TRANSLATION.
2. :
, 2531.
.
, 2538.
. . :
(), 2548.
74
. . 2. :
, 2542.
. .
, 2543.
. 1 1. 4.
: , 2534.
. . : .
, 2533.
. = Practical Translation. :
, 2543.
.
, 2545.
. . :
, 2527.
2541. -Starpics. 479
(20 2542).73, 2542.
. . : , 2548.
.
, 2525.
. . 7. :
, 2539.
75
. = Theories of Translation. 2.
: , 2545.
.
, , 2546.
. () . . 242-246. :
.
. . . : , 2534.
. . 7. : ,
2542.
. . : , 2542
. NEW MODEL ENGLISH-THAI DICTIONARY. :
, 2532.
. = Introduction to Translation. :
, 2542.
. =Nature and Method of Translation.
2. : , 2543.
. . 2. :
, 2541.
76
Benjarat Vittayathep. An Analysis of Naming Strategies of Foreign Film Titles in Thai Language
Thesis (M.A. of ARTS), English for Business and Industry, King Mongkuts Institute of
Technology North Bangkok, 2007.
Catford, J.C. A Linguistic Theory of Tranlation. London: Oxford University Press, 1965.
Drinks,T.(1996). Comedy Films. Retrieved December 25, 2011 from
http://www.filmsite.org/comedyfilms.html.
Frederick B.Shroyer and Louis G.Gardemal. Types of Drama. Illinois USA.: Scott, Foresman and
Company, 1970.
Hans, V. A Skopos Theory of Translation. Heidelberg : TextCon Text, 1996.
Larson, M.L. Meaning-based Translation: A Guide to Cross-language Equivalence. London:
University Press of America, 1984.
Newmark, P. Approaches to translation. New York: PhoenixELT, 1995.
Newmark, P. A Textbook of Translation. London: Prentice Hall International, 1988.
Se-Eds Modern English-Thai Thai-English Dictionary (Contemporary Edition). Bangkok: Se-
Education Public Company Limited, 2002.
Wes D. Gerhing. Handbook of American Film Genres. USA. : Greenwood Press, 1988.
The internet movie database. American Comedy Films. Retrived June 21, 2012 from
http://www.imdb.com.
Theory of Translations. The Skopos Theory. Retrived June 21,2012 from
http://web.letras.up.pt/mtt/tt/tt5.htm.
79
1.
25 26 30 31 35 36 40 41
2.
3.
4.
5.
( (5) (1))
(
)..............
6.
7. (
Drama Comedy, Romantic Comedy, Cartoon Comedy, Action Comedy)
80
3
8.
( 1 )
1. Sex and the City - 6. The Great Buck Howard -
... ...
..
2.Yes Man-
7. The Hangover -
... ...
..
8. What happens in Vegas
3. The House Bunny -
... ...
..
4. High School Musical: Senior Year 9. Easy A -
... ...
..
5. You dont mess with Zohan 10. The Proposal -
...
..
81
8.1
().....................................................................................................?
()...
8.2
()..?
().....................................................................................................
.. 2551-2553 98
83
2551 Sex and the City
2551 Fool's Gold
2551 Penelope
2551 Juno
2551 Mamma Mia! !
2551 Kung fu panda
2551 Get Smart
2551 In Bruges
2551 Horton Heers a Who!
2551 The House Bunny
2551 You don't mess with the Zohan
2551 Bedtime Stories
2551 Martian Child
2551 My Sassy Girl
2551 My best friend's girl ""
2551 The Hottie and the Nottie ?
2551 Virgin Territory
2551 What happens in Vegas
2551 Mr.Wood Cock
2551 Mr. Magorium's Wonder
2551 Enchanted
2551 Dan in Real Life
2551 I could never be your woman
2551 Nim's Island
2551 Be Kind Rewind
2551 Wall E
84
2551 Made of Hornor
2551 Burn After Reading
2551 Disaster Movie
2551 Tropic thunder .
27
2551 27 Dresses ?
2551 Superhero Movie
2551 Teeth
2551 Beverly hills Chihuahua
2551 Sex Drive
2552 The Pink Panther 2 2
2552 Yes Man ""
2552 Bolt
2552 New in Town
2552 Zack and Miri Make a Porno
2552 The Rebound
2552 High School Musical : Senior Year
2552 17 Again 17
2552 The Hangover
2552 The Brother Bloom
2552 Confession of a Shopaholic
2552 The Great Buck Howard
2552 Night at the Museum 2 2
2552 Land of Lost
2552 Big Stan
3
2552 Ice Ages 3: Dawn of the Dinosaurs
85
2552 New York I love you
2552 What just Happened?
2552 Imagine that
2552 UP
2552 Bandslam
2552 The Ugly Truth . .
2552 Couple Retreat
2552 Whip it 4
2553 Sex and The City 2 2
2553 Toy Story 3 3
2553 Yogi Bear
2553 MacGruber
2553 Due Date
2553 The Switch
2553 Killers
2553 The man who stare at Goats
2553 Tooth Fairy
2553 How to Train Your Dragon
2553 Love Happens
2553 It's Complicated
2553 Going the Distance
2553 Alvin and the Chipmunks 2 2
2553 A seriuos man
2553 Date Night
2553 Shrek Forever After
2553 I love you Phillip Morris
86
2553 When in Rome
2553 The Spy Next Door
2553 How to Be 100
2553 Up in the air
2553 My One and Only
2553 Furry Vengeance
2553
The Bounty Hunter
2553 Bitter/Sweet
2553 Knight and Day
2553 Despicable Me
2553 The Back -Up Plan
2553 Letter to Juliet
2553 Grown Ups
2553 Red
2553 The Joneses
2553 Easy A
2552 The Proposal
2553 Valentine's Day
2553 Kick-Ass
Cats & Dogs: The Revenge of Kitty
2553 Gaiore 2
2553 Dinner for Schmucks
..2551 -2553
1
88
89
-
4 4 5 ( 43)
10250
.. 2545
.. 2552
. 2548-2552 GEO DCOR
.. 2552-2553 PROPAGANDIST
.. 2553-2554 ART OF LIVING
.. 2554 FILL IN THE BLANK