IstorijskiCasopis49 (2002) PDF

UDC 93/99 YU ISSN 0350-08202
INSTITUTE F HISTORY
HISTORICAL REVIEW
Vol. XLIX
(2002)
Editorial board
JOVANKA KALI, VASILIJE KRESTI, RADO LJUI,

MIOMIR KORA, MARICA MALOVI-UKI,
EMA MILJKOVI-BOJANI,TIBOR IVKOVI
Editor-in-chief
TIBOR IVKOVI, Ph.D.

Director of Institute of History
BELGRADE
2003
93/99 YU ISSN 0350-08202

. XLIX
(2002)
, , ,
, -,
-,

2003

,

. XLIX
(2002)

13
-mail: chigoja@eunet.yu

1000
CONTENTS
ARTICLES
Tibor ivkovi, A Campaign against Dalmatia by the Bulgarian Emperor Samuel .... 9
Miodrag Petrovi, Seint Sava as the Compiler and Translator of the Zakonopravilo
Serbian nomocanon .......................................................................................... 27
Aleksandra Fostikov, About Dmitar Kraljevi ............................................................ 47
Katarina Mitrovi, Il vescovo di Cattaro Marin contareno e la despotovina Serba .. 67
ore Bubalo, The Medieval Charters in the Archive of the Savina Monastery ....... 93
Ema Miljkovi Bojani, Relevance of the Ottoman Census Books as the Historical
Sources Example of the Census Books of the Sandjak of Smederevo ........... 123
Aleksandar Krsti, Kuevo and eleznik in the Light of the Ottoman Defters ............ 139
Nedeljko Radosavljevi, The Archbishopry of Vidin (1739-1834) ............................ 169
Mihailo Vojvodi, Stojan Novakovi about the Berlin Congress ............................. 183
Radoslav Raspopovi, Aims of the Russian Foreign Policy in the Balkans
in the Second Half of the 19th Century and International and Legal
Importance of Decisions in Saint Stephen and Berlin for Serbia
and Montenegro .......................................................................................... 197
Aleksandar Rastovi, Views of Great Britain and Serbia on the Macedonian
Problem 1903-1908 ........................................................................................ 221
Boica Mladenovi, Serbian Elite in the First World War ....................................... 243
edomir Anti, Pluralistic approach and a new history of the Balkans ........................ 261
REVIEW ARTICLES
Boica Mladenovi, ivana Terzi Worrior of Drina ............................................. 275
BOOK NOTES

, .......................... 9
,
.................................................................................... 27
, ........................................................ 47
, . 67
, ..................... 93
,
- ............................... 123
, ............. 139
, 1739-1834. ............................... 163
, ............................ 183
,
XIX
................................................. 197
,
1903-1908. .................................................................... 221
, ............................. 243
edomir Anti, Pluralistic approach and a new history of the Balkans ................ 261
, ......................................... 275
, (600 1025),
, J , 2002, 512
( ) ..................................................................................... 279
John Haldon, Warfare, State and Society in the Byzantine World,565 1204,
London 1999, +389 ( . ) ....................................... 282
John Haldon, The Byzantine Wars: Battles and Campaigns of the Byzantine Era,
Stroud, Gloucestershire 2001, 160 . + 16
( . ) ........................................................................... 285
Liliana Simeonova, Diplomacy of the Letter and the Cross: Photios,
Bulgaria and the Papacy, 860s880s ( :
,
IX ), Amsterdam 1998, 1 384 +
(385 423) + (425 434) ( ) .......................... 287
Paul Stephenson, Byzantium's Balkan Frontier. A Political Study of the Northern
Balkans, 900 1204, Cambridge, 2000 XII+352
( . ) ...................................................................... 290
-, , ,
, ,
, 2002, 398 ( ) .. 293
, 1455. ,
2001, 793 ( ) ......................................... 298
I, ,
, ,
, , 2002,
208 + ( ) ............................................ 300
Konstantin Mihailovi di Ostrovica, Cronaca turca ovvero Memorie di un gianni-
zzero, Sellerio editore, Palermo 2001, pp. 1 182 ( ) ... 303
Natalie Zemond Davis, Povratak Martina Guerrea, Konzor", Zagreb 2001, 180
( ) ....................................................................................... 304
.., XIX .
, - 2002, 160 ( ) .................. 307
, 19. ,
, " ", 2002, 221
( ) ......................................................................... 310
-,
XIX , , ,
2002, 223 ( ) ......................................................... 313
, 1886 1896, ,
" ", 2002, 180 ( ) ....................... 315
. , (1897 1918),
, J , 2002, 238
( ) ........................................................................................... 318
, . 19.
20. , ,
, 2002, 92 ( ) ....................................... 320

, . XLIX (2002) . 9-25
HISTORICAL REVIEW, Vol. XLIX (2002) p. 9-25

28. 02. 2003.
: 949.72 (093=7) : 949. 71 10
- (976 1018. ),
, -
, , , ,
.

.1
, -

. , 1601. -
, -
. -
,
.2
-
. , -
, . ,
, ,
,
*
,
(. . 1390).
1
V. Moin, Ljetopis Popa Dukljanina, Zagreb 1950, 79 80 (= Ljetopis).
2
M. Orbini, Il regno degli Slavi, Pesaro 1601, 222 (= Orbini).
-
.

.3 -
-
. -
, ,
XI XII ,
, .4

-
X , 986. -
,5 , (998), -

996/997. 1000. .6
.

-
, , ,
. -
, ,
, -
.7 , -
,
,
-
.8
3
La Cronaca Veneziana del Diacono Giovanni, ed. G. Monticolo, Roma 1890, passim
(= Ioh. Diac.).
4
, ,
. , ,
44 (1998 ) 11 15, .
5
, . , , I (1868) 213; .
, X ., I (1909) 512; F. ii, Povi-
jest Hrvata u vrijeme narodnih vladara, Zagreb 1925, 468 ( = ii, Povijest),
986. 990. ; . , .
, 14 (1935) 100, 989. .
, . 6.
6
. . , , 1927, I/2, 705
. 3 ( = , ); S. Runciman, A History of the Bulgarian Empire, London
1930, 232; . , II,
193 (1949) 24; . , , 1957, 88; N.
Klai, Povijest Hrvata u ranom srednjem vijeku, Zagreb 1971, 326 (= Klai, Povijest);
. , , 1998, 113 (= , ).
7
, , 113 115.
8
Ibid. 106.
10

, -
II (976 1025)
976. 1005. ; -
,
1014. .9 ,
1005. 1014. ,

.

.10
-
.
,11
, -
, , .
. ,
,12
,13 -
.14 , ,
librum gestorum eius.15
, . -
.16 , -
, -
, . ,
.17 ,
9
- 976 1018. , , -
, , 17 26.
10
Ioannis Scylitzae Synopsis historiarum, rec. I. Thurn, Berolini 1973, 348.9 10; -
, III, . . .
, 1966, 104 ( = III).
11
. , -
, 1893, 203 (= , ); Ljetopis, 34.
12
. , , 1967, 111 112,
XXXVI , .
13
, . . , 1928, 122 126
(= , ).
14
I, . . , 1994, 226 (. ).
15
Ljetopis, 85.
16
. , , 1971, 135, 141, 183 185.
17
M. Medini, Starine dubrovake, Dubrovnik 1935, 60, 271 272 (Medini, Starine).
36 -
.
11

, , -
, .
, (Vladi-
mirus esset adolescens), ()
.
(. ), , -
. -
,18
, -
, -
.
. Decatarum Lausium , -
, . , , -
XIII Cataro Ragusium.19
, , ,
, -
. -
,
. , , -
. -
, -
, ,
-
, .
18
, , , I/2, 702,
997. .
(in loco ljui Prespa dicitur) (curia),
997. . ,
,
( ), ( ), ( -
) -
.
( Scyl. 358.14; III, 128) ,
, -
997. . ,
997. , -
. ,
,
, (in essilio in Ochrida, in un luogo detto Pre-
sla, douera la sua residenza); , 222. -
, ,
, .
19
, , 456.
12

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XXXVI , ,
. . -
, ,20
-
, .21
, ,
997. , -
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-
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.22
,
, , -
1004/1005. .23 ,
.24
20
Ibid.
21
, , I/2, 714, . 1.
22
Scyl. 342.52 343.67; III, 91 94. 1018.
; . Scyl. 361.69; III, 131.
23
Lupus Protospatarius, ed. G. Pertz, MGH SS VI, Hannoverae 1844, 56.45.
1005. , -
1004. , . -
1015. , .
24
, N. Adonz, Samuel lArmnien, rois des Bulgares, Mmoires de lAcadmie
Royale de Belgiljue, Classe des Lettres 38 (1938) 51 , -
.
. , XVI
, Annali di Ragua del Nicol Ragnina, ed. Sp. Nodilo, Zagrabiae 1883, 204,
981. -
. Teodoro Greco, -
(per materna linea Trabesontino). -
-
, 1005.
.
. ()
978. (Scyl. 322.94). -
,
, ,
XI ; . Ragnina, 206 208. -
, -
,
13

-
, ,
, , ,

. -
998. ,25 ,
1004/1005. .
-
-
,

. 998. ,
...
( ),
.26 -
997/998. .
998. , -
.27 , -
,
6508, 13, ...,28 , , 999/1000. , -
998/999. .
,
,
(in Constantinopoli nato), .

, VIII,
II, 1025 1028. . -
1025
1028. , , -
, Annales Ragusini Anonymi, ed. Sp. Nodilo,
Zagrabiae 1883, 24 25, 981.
per Imperadore Cesarij de Costantinopoli -
(. = lat. caesar),
= ).
1025. . -
, , , , 21 24.
25
, G. Schlumberger, L pope byzantine la fin du Xe sicle, I
III, Paris 1896, 1900, 1905, II, 147.
26
Scyl. 343.68 72; III, 95.
27
The Life of Saint Nikon, ed. D. F. Sullivan, Brookline 1985, 140.1 142.38; T. -
, , -
61/62 (2000) 11, . 21.
28
Scyl. 343.83 84; III, 96.
14

, 1004/1005. -
. , . -
, .29 -

,
1004/1005. .30
, , ,
,

, .
, .31

998. . , , -
32 -

(. ) .
,
; , 1004/1005. -
,
-
, -
. , , -
, ,
-
1004/1005. .
-
. -
. -
X -
, -
1000. , -
29
, , 114 115, . 129.
30
Scyl. 353.65 354.67; III, 117. 996. ,
; . , , 104 105.
31
. 21.
32
-
; . Scyl. 342.43 44; III, 90,

.
15

.33 ,

. 1002. 1005. -
,
,34 1005.
.
XXXVI -
. , -
, , -
.35
,
. ,
-
. , , -
16. 1014. , 1015. ,
, , , ,
.36
,
II .37 -
,
.38 , -
-
. -

, -
.
33
Ioh. Diac. 155.16 160.20. , ,

; . Andreae Danduli Chronica per
eatensum descripta, Raccolta degli storici Italiani dal cinquecento al millecinquecento
ordinada da L. A. Muratori, ed. G. Carducci = V. Fiorini P. Fedele, Bologna 1939, t.
XII, Parte I, fasc. 3, 197.1 (= Danduli Chron.). -
, , L. Margeti, Vjerodostojnost vijesti Andrije Dandola o Dalmaciji u XI
st., 19 (1980) 118 122; Klai, Povijest, 327 328.
34
Scyl. 346.44 347.82; III, 100 103.
35
Ljetopis, 81.
36
Scyl. 349. 52 350.55; 353.39 41; 354.67; III, 108 109, 115, 117.
37
Scyl. 352.9 23; III, 113.
38
Scyl. 349.46 49; III, 107.
16

. ,
,
-
. -
,
.

, -
. ,39 -
,40 41 42, -
. .43

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, ,
.
28
, .
-
.
,
. -
.
-
. , ,

-
. -
.
-
, . -
: , , -
, -
.
39
Orbini, 221 224.
40
Ragnina, 202.
41
Croniche di Ragusa, opera di Giugno Resti, ed. S. Nodilo, Zagrabiae 1893, 30.
42
Copioso ristretto degli Annali di Rausa libri quattro di Giacomo di Pietro Luccari,
Venetia 1605, 9.
43
Estratto dalla Leggenda di S. T., Storia documentata della marinerezza bocchese, ed.
G. Gelcich, Ragusa 1889, 84.
17

ex silentio
.

,

. ,
VII ( 974 983).

, a
, ,
: Ma intanto Basilio imperatore,
acquietate le cose domestiche, per vendicarsi di Samuele, con grosso esercito
entr in Bulgaria ed assedi la citt di Sardica, ossia Tiadiza. Samuele, sentita
lentrata dellimperatore nesuoi stati, abbandon la Dalmazia per soccorrer la
Bulgaria.... , 986. -
-
-
.44 , ,
,45
,

.

, ,
.46
, 998/999.
,
, -
.
, -
, , -
(999/1000).47 ,
44
Scyl. 330.10 331.51; III, 84 86.
45
Scyl. 331.24 25; III, 85.
46
Ioannis Zonarae Epitomae historiarum, libri XVIII, rec. M. Pinder, Bonnae 1897,
559.11 14; III, 248.
47
Scyl. 343.83 344.88; III, 96.
18

1016. ,
88 .48
( 1735), -
, -
-
.
, 1014. .

1005. 1014. , -
. 986, 998/999.
1016. , -
-
1005 1014. ,
. , (Sar-
dica, ossia Tiadiza), -
, ,
-
. ( = )
986.
.49 , ,
-
986. .

. . -

, , , ,
.
-
.
,
.
.
. -

. .
. -
XI ,
(. ).
48
Scyl. 355.11 13; III, 120.
49
Scyl. 330. 17 18; III, 85.
19

: 1. -
; 2. .
; 3. . .

, 1750. ,
1000. : Dioklea u Dalmacii, ali gorhnoi xarvatskoi zemhli stolno
naiparvo misto Gavrilo Bugarin popali.50
. -
, , 639. .51 ,
, 747. ,
.52 756. -
.53
,
.
, . (-
) -
1016. , 1000.
. -
, .
-
-
, , , . , -
, -
.
,
.
, X , -
. ,
. -
, , ,
, -

.
50
J. Jeleni, Ljetopis fra Nikole Lavanina, GZM 26 (1914) 362.
51
Ibid. 356.
52
Ibid. 358.
53
Ibid. 358.
20

992.
.54 996. ,

. -
, .
,
. -
, .55

996/997. . -
-
, , 999. -
, .56
, -
-
. -
-

.57 , ,
. , -
, .
, -
, .58
,
. II
1002. , venerabilis dux Veneticorum et Dalmati-
anorum.59 -
54
Ioh. Diac. 149.13 15.
-
30 17 .
; . Storia documenta-
ta di Venezia, I, ed. S. Romanin, Venezia 1853, N 13, . 381 383 ( = Storia I).
55
Ioh. Diac. 153.16 24.
56
Ioh. Diac. 155.16 18.
57
Ioh. Diac. 155.21 160.20.
58
Ioh. Diac. 158.19 24.
59
Storia I, N 16, . 387. -
-
non solum ducem Venecie, sed etiam Dalmacie in
eodem privilegio nominavit; . Danduli Chron. 201.28 32.
21

.60 -
, Veneticorum ac Dalmaticorum
ducis decimo, 1004. .61
1004/1005. ,
, , , ,
,
, , ,
.
. ,
. , ,
: , ,
, , .62
-
,
.
( 996), -
999. . -
-

. -
,
1004/1005. ,
.63 -
,
992. , -
-
, .64

60
XIV -

; . Danduli Chron.
197.1 4.
61
Ioh. Diac. 165.13 14.
62
Ioh. Diac. 171.8 10. 1007. .
63
ii, Povijest, 473, . 20,
; , , 90 91, -
. , Klai, Povijest, 327 328,

.
64
1004.
; . Ioh.
Diac. 165.18 166.4; Danduli Chron. 202.1 4.
22

. 1005.
,
.
, 998/999. ,
-

.
, -
. -
, , -
( )
,
?
-
-
. . -
, ,
(Post non multum vero temporis)
.65 -
, 1014. , ,

, -
, -
.

1008. .66
1016.
. ( 1018.
) -
, .
.
-
. , ,
.67 (-
65
Ljetopis, 81.
66
post haec non multo tempore transacto,
, 971.
, 10. 976. . , ,
; . , 73 74.
67
Ljetopis, 86.
23

) , . -
,
-
. -
, . -

(primogenitum Petrislavum) ,
(secundum Dragimirum) (-
)
.68
, -
-
- . 1000. -
. 1004/1005.
,
. 1004/1005. -
-
.

- .
III (1009 1030) -
-
1018. ,
.69 -
1009/1010. . -
1018. -
-
.70 -
. -
, -
, -

III. , ,
,
. -
.
68
Ljetopis, 77.
69
Danduli Chron. 204.5 - 6; . Klai, Povijest, 329 330.
70
Danduli Chron. 204.6 8. Diplomatiki zbornik, ured. M. Kostreni, I, Zagreb 1967,
N 37 N 40,
1018. .
24

Tibor ivkovi
A Campaign against Dalmatia of the Bulgarian Emperor Samuel
Summary
From south-Dalmatian sources, primarily Chronicle of the Priest of

Dioclea, Chronicles of Dubrovnik and Kotor legend of St. Tripun, it is known
that the emperor Samuel had attacked Dioclea, Dalmatian towns of Kotor,
Ulcinj and Dubrovnik, and finally attacked Zadar, to return to Bulgaria through
Bosnia and Rascia. According to the previous research this campaign was dated
in 986, and later, in the latest research, more precisely in 998/999.
Analyzing the chapter of the Chronicle of the Priest of Dioclea, where
the Hagiography of Diocleian ruler Vladimir has been preserved, it was conclu-
ded that this must had been undertaken couple of years before the death of
emperor Samuel. Silence of Iohannes Diaconus, who in his Chronicle often
wrote about Dalmatia, regarding Samuels campaign against Dalmatia and
Zadar, presents clear sign that the campaign was undertaken after 1008, and the
death of Iohanned Diaconus (who died in 1009).
Another argument that Samuels campaign was taken at the time when
Dyrrachium was under the Byzantine rule and that was in 1005 according to
Lupus Protospatarus, also points to the end of the first decade of the XI century
as the time of the campaign. Political circumstances, which led to the campaign,
were the following: the Venetians strengthened their positions in Dalmatia in
1000, and put on the throne the ruler of Croatia who was loyal to them. In the
year of 1004/1005 the Venetian duke by the marital ties, secured the
acknowledgement of his possessions in Dalmatia from Byzantium, which also
considerably strengthened Byzantine position in the Adriatic.
By the fall of Durrachium under the Byzantine rule in 1005, the
Byzantines came in the direct contact with the princedom of Diocleia and thus
made connection with their possessions in central Dalmatia. Thus, on the
western borders of Samuels state, there was a strong anti-bulgarian block
formed by Venetians, Croatians, Diocleia under the direct control of Byzance.
This forced Samuel to attack Diocleia, the towns of the thema of Dyrrachium,
as well as Byzantine towns in central Dalmatia.
Based on the data from the Hagiography of St Vladimir, preserved in
the Chronicle of the Priest of Dioclea, that after some time Bulgarian emperor
Samuel had died, the conclusion is that the campaign took place around
1009/1010.
25
, . XLIX (2002) . 47-65
HISTORICAL REVIEW, Vol. XLIX (2002) pp. 47-65

23. 08. 2002.
: 929 : 949. 711 13/14
-
-
. -

, . -
,
, . -
, -

. ,
, , -
.
-
, .1
, .-
1881.
.2 -
*
,
, (. . 1411).
1
. , II, 1988, 355-357, 419-421 (= , -
II); . , XIV XV
, ,
1990, 31-40; II, . , 1988, 318, 321 (.
); . , , -
VI, 2001, 60.
2
. , , XLIX
(1881) 38-39.

. , -
,
.3 , -
..4 .-, -
,
,5 . .6
. -
,7

, ., .
,8 -
, .9 ,
1407. ,10
, .11
3
. , , ,
. I (1959) 341-385, 382-385 (= . I ).
4
. , , 14-1 (1979) (= ,
), 153-163.
5
. -, , 1986 (= -
-, ).
6
V. Foreti, Povjest Dubrovnika do 1808. I, Zagreb 1980 (= Foreti, Povjest Dubrovnika I).
7
. 1366.
5. 1370. . Monumenta Serbica spectantiam historiam
Serbice, Bosnae, Ragusii, ed. Fr. Miklosich, Viennae 1858, 179-181 Br. CLXVII (=
Monumenta Serbica); Codex diplomaticus regni Croatiae, Dalmatiae et Slavoniae XIV,
ed. T. Smiiklas et M. Kostreni, JAZU, Zagrabiae 1916, 247-248 .178; . -
, ( XII XV ), 1926,
167-169; . , I-1, - -
1929, 1934, 116-117 .121 (= ); . ,
, I (2002) 99-102.
8
. , I-VI, 1902-1926, I, 53-54
. 165-166; IV, 17 .6079, 6083-6084 (= ); . ,
, 1975, (= , ) 166. -
. . , -
, . J. Prolovi, Die Kirche des Heili-
gen Andreas an der Treska, Wien 1997, 29 .
9
A. ldsy s L. Thallczy, Monumenta Hungariae historica, Diplomataria XXXIII,
Budapesta 1907, 45-46 Br. 97-98 (= A. ldsy s L. Thallczy, MHH XXXIII).
10
Ibid. 48 .103.
11
G. Wenzel, Stibor Vajda. letrajzi Tanulmny, Budapest 1874, 148-154 Br. 110 (=
Wenzel, Stibor Vajda). .
, .
48

.,12
-
.13
, 1367/1368. 1378. ,
( ), 1394. 1400.
.14 -
8. 1400. ,15 -
1423.16
. (
), .17
18 ,
, ,
12
. , , 1968, 54-55 (= ,
).
13
. , , , , , ,
, ., III (1890), 157 (= III (1890)); . -
, , 1927 (=
), 36, 276.
14
. I, 370; , , 7-8, 117; -
, , 156.
15
. , I, 1858, 28-29 . 52; I-1,
448-449 . 459; . , -
, II ( , = -
). ,
. . . , XIV
XV . , , 24-25-26 (= -
, ).
16
. I, 382-383; , , 153 .1.
17
. . . .
. , , 12
(1981) 73-74 .75; (= , ); . ,
, 1994, 19, 23 . 125.
18

.. . , XIV ,
20 (1981) 161-167. (Dymitrius,
Dimitrius), -
. . ,
Demetrius. N. Jorga, Notes et extraits pour servir a l histoire des croisades au
XV-e siecle II, Paris 1899, 79, 86 (= Jorga, Notes et extraits II); J. Gelchich- L. Thal-
lczy, Diplomatarium relationum reipublicae Ragusanae cum regno Hungariae, Buda-
pest 1887, 724 (= Gelchich - Thallczy, Diplomatarium Ragusanae); . , -
I, 28-29 . 52; I-1, 448-449 . 459;
; , , 54-55; . ldsy s L. Thallczy,
MHH XXXIII, 45-46, 48 Br. 97-98, 103; Wenzel, Stibor Vajda,149.
49

1345.,
1376/77. -
, , ,
.19
, .20
1394. .
5. 1370.
() . -
.21

1371. ,
, -
, , - -
.22
19
,
. , , -
. , , 73-74 .75; ,
, 54; , 36, 276; III (1890), 157.
20
III, 80 .5119; . , -
, 1920, 111 .71,72.
. . , . -
. . , -
, 57 (1884) 70.
21
, 116-117 .121; Monumenta Serbica, 179-181 . CLXVII; -
, , 173; , , 161; -
.
, , , , , ,
. 1335.
. , -
1372. I , .
,
, 1345. 1371. ,
. 1376-1377.
. .
, . -
, ,
1345. . , 36, 276; III (1890) 157 .
. , , ,
7-8 (1956-1957) 207-208; , , -
1993, 62-67 (. -. -); . ,
, 42, 1-4 (1976) 22-24; , -
, 41-42, 135, 153; . , ,
. , .9, 1965, 138.
22
, , 169-171.
50

-, -, , -
, , -
.23

.
,
.24 -
. -
-
. -
, -
.25 , -
,26 -
, , 1394.
. .
.
, , -
.27
, , 1388/89. , -
, -
23
, ,171; . , -
, (1997) 41 (= , ).
24
, , 158-160; , , 173; -
, , 41. ,
. . ,
, 1997, 262-263 . 69, 71(= -
, ); . , ,
2000, 38-39.
25
. , -
, , 1975, 200 (= , );
, , 159.
26
, -
. . , . . -
, 3 (1924-25) 75; -
, , 186, 189, 190-193, 204-205; . , -
, 9-10 (1959) 154-156; . -
, XIII XV ,
1994, 90-94. -
,
, ,
.
27
. . , ,
7 (1963) 263.
51

..28
, 1393/1394. I,
.

II , -
VII, ,
.
, . , -
. ,
.
,
. II
. 1394.
, .
-
.
. II 1394. -
,
,
, -
17.
1395.29 , , -
. 1394. -

. -

, . -
.30
-
, . -
295
, 96,73 ,
5600 .
28
., -
. 6897 ,
1388/1389. . -
1388. , 1389.
. J. Prolovi, Die Kirche des Heiligen Andreas an der Treska, 29-31, 35.
29
, I, 331; , , 159-161.
30
, , 160-161.
. VI, 49 . 9678; ,
, 262-263 .70; , , 38
52

, 1374.
-
,
, , ,
. 1375. -
5000 , -
.

. -
-
, ,
.
1394. , -
. -
. -
, 27.
.
.
-
. . -
,
. 10. 1394.
.
, dicti domini regis.31
,
. -
1423. -
,
-
,
.32 1395.
31
, , 153-163.
32
. -
, . , , 153-155 .1.

. ,
, -
11. 1394. . . , -
, 1964, 173-174 (= , -
); . , . , . , . , , 2002, 126 (=
).
,
, 1399. -
. . I, 383 .132.
53

, , .
-
, .
.33
1394. -
. , -
1399. -
, .34
.
6. 10. 1380.
35 litteram expeditoriam -
, ;
litteram praeceptoriam et expeditoriam.36
33
, , 159-161. .
. P. Rkay, A szerben beteleplse Magyarorszgra a XV szzad-
ban, A szerbek Magyarorszgon (1999) 54 (= Rkay, A szerben beteleplse
Magyarorszgra a XV szzadban); , 126-127. -
,
. Nikola] Mahrov,
De~anska] l\topisx, S.-Peterburgq, 1908, 44; , 218-219.
, 1555.
. -
, -
. . , , ,
X (1878) 18-20 . 6; . , . -,
, 1984, 42. -
, 1396. , -
. . , ,
1994, 62. 1399. -
.
34
, , 24-25; Gelchich - Thallczy, Diplomatarium Ragusa-
nae, 724; Jorga, Notes et extraits II, 79; , , 153-155 .1.
35

,
. . , I-1, 2 (1934),
84-85 . XLVII; J. Gelchich- L. Thallczy, Diplomatarium Ragusanae, 108-110; Fo-
reti, Povjest Dubrovnika I, 132-133; . -, , 17-
18, 46.
36
. 10. 1380. -
, . -, -
38:32 . . I, 383
.132; -, , 61 .13. 6.
1394. Diplomatarium Ragusanae, . -
54

2. -
, .37
, -
, 1394. .
.38
, ,
, -
-
.
1394.39 ,40 -
,
.41
. J. Gelchich-L. Thallczy, Diplomatarium Ragusanae, 724.

. .XXXI, .193. . , -
, 24, 3/ 105; 7/2 21; 25 37 (-
) 10.
1380. 38:70 , -
litteram praeceptoriam
et expeditoriam ab nostro rege Hungariae in forma consueta (
, ). -
-
1399. . , 24. ,
. , , 24, 7/2 74 (.XXXI, .193)
1380. ,
. litteram expe-
ditoriam 1384.,
1398. . . , -
I, 1957, 49, 224, 245, 283; II, 1966, 154-155 (=
. , I, II); . , ,
24, 7-2 22; ., I, 300 .344; . -
, , 61 .11.
37
2.
cuilibet portandi expe-
ditoriam regis. . , , 24, 3/ 105;
7/2 21 (.XXXI .135).
38
. , , 156-157 . 14,15.
39
. 6. , . 7.
. I, 383 .132; . , , 24, 7/2 74;
25 37 ( ) (. XXXI .135); , ,
156-158.
40
2. 4. . .
2. , . 4. . I, 383 .132; . -
, , 25, 37 ( ) (.XXXI .66 );
41
, 29. .
. . . I, 383 .132; . , ,
55

1400. , -
8. .42
, -
, -
. ,
, . -

. -
Dmitary kraleviky43
.
.44
8. 1400.
, . -
20. 1402.45 1403.
, ,46 -
.
24, 3/96 33 (.XXXI .195 ). -

.
, . -
. , -,
: , . ,
, -
. . , (1300-1541), -
XXVII (1980), 57-58.
42
. , I, 28-29 . 52; I-1, 448-449
.459; .
43
, , -
, 1365. -
. . , , 87-90 (1997) 30-34.
44
. , , 185,194; . , ,
1987, 120.
45
20/22. 1402. -
. , .
20. ,
, -
, .
, .
, 1390. N.Jorga, No-
tes et extraits II, 86; K. J I, 384 n.134. -
1403. , 1403. .
.
46
. , , 52 .3.
35.
56

. -
, .
1399. , -
, .47 1400. ,
,
1401. .48
,
. ,
, ,
,
, .49
-
. 1402.
, ,
1403. , -
, 1404.50
, 20. 1402. -
, -
, , , -
.51
47
. , , -
5 (1958), 37
48
., . XV , -
1901, 6-7 (= ., ); . , , 194-
197.
49
. , I, 28-29 . 52; I-1, 448-449
.459; .
50
1403. , -
-
. ,
,
. , . ., -
, 195-203. : G. krivani, Rat bosanskog kralja Osto-
je sa Dubrovnikom 35-60; V. Foreti, Povjest Dubrovnika I, 170-171, 259-261; V.oro-
vi, Historija Bosne I, Beograd 1940, 369-380 ; , 130-131.
51
. 45 46. ,
. () -
, XIV XV .
, ,
, . -
XIV . ,
.
57

1396. 1398. . -
1396. ,
. 1396.
1397. .52 1398. 12.
.53 -
1403. . -
1410.
1414.
1406. .54
, -
, 1404. 1406. ,
. , -
,55 1406.
1399 1403. -
1403. , , -
, .56
. , , 1953; . , -
XIV , 1960, 20, 233-250 (= . , );
. , XIV XV ,
24-25 (1986), 397-406.
, , -
. . ,
XIV , III (1955) 137, 142-145.
52
.Gelchich-L.Thallczy, Diplomatarium Ragusanae, 714-715,718; . ,
, 24, 2/95 51/166 (.XXX .94); 3/96,
38, 114 (.XXX .94,); . ,
(1350-1416), 115; . -, , 49.
53
12. 1398. -
. .-
, , 24, 7/2 22 (. XXXI .165)
54
V. Foreti, Povjest Dubrovnika I, 168-169; . -, -
, 74 .3;
55
.
-
, 22. 1373. -
. . , I-1, 107-108
. LVII; . , I, 49, 224, 245, 283; II, 154-155; ., -
I, 300 .344; . -, , 61-62.
56
,
, .
. 45 46.
58

, .
1404. , -
, (Vil-
gosvr) ( iria ) ( -
).57 . 1404.
,58 . 1401.59 -
, -
1401. ,
. -
,
. 20. 1402.
, dominus Dimitrius.60
-
, , 1401. -
.61 ,
,62 , II
1439. , 110 ,
. ,
. -
57
A. ldsy s L. Thallczy, MHH XXXIII, 45-46 .97-98. -
, 1397. ,
, , , -
. , 128.
58
E. Pl, Magyarorzg vilgi archontolgiaja 1301-1457 I, Budapest 1996, 240, 459
(= E. Pl, Archontolgiaja I ).
59
P. Rkay, A szerben beteleplse Magyarorszgra a XV szzadban, 54.
60
. I, 384 .134. ,
, -
, 1282. , -
.
. , .
, 1999, 121(. ); . ,
. , VI, 2001,
104-113.
61
. 48 50. .
, , 1-2 (1990-92) 17; -
, 129-130.
62
1403. , 1404. -
,
. . -
1410. , . V. Foreti, Po-
vjest Dubrovnika I, 179; ., , 66-68; .-
, , 1995, 53, 117-118.
59

, , -
, -
.63 ,
, ,
, -
.64
,
. Zynike
(Szineke), 15 . 1. 1404. -
, ,
, . -
, ( -
10 , 5. ),
. -
.65 15. -
, Zynike, ,
.66
,
1407. 30. ,
, viro
magnifico ac spectabili Demetrio filio Wlkasini regis.
-
, , -
. . ,
.67
63
, II, 355-357; II, 1982,
322-327 (. ) (= II); . , -
, 1994, 95, 216, 599-601 (= . , -
); , 27-29. .
, . .
, , 23; , I, 1988,
430. ,
, . . , -
II, 357.
64
. , , , 1-2 (1995) 13-22.
65
A. ldsy s L. Thallczy, MHH XXXIII, 45 Br. 97; D. Csanki, Magyarorszg frte-
nelmi fldrajza a hunyadiak korban, Budapest 1890, 744; . , -
, 3 (1924-25) 39.
66
A. ldsy s L. Thallczy, MHH XXXIII, 46 . 98. -
, , , -
. . , , 39.
67
A. ldsy s L. Thallczy, MHH XXXIII, 48-49 . 103; . , -
, 39-40; D. Csanki, Magyarorszg frtenelmi fldrajza a hunyadiak korban, 722;
60

, -
. ,
.68 .
1408. ,69 . 1407.70
30. 1407.
, .71
,
terminus ante qu-
em . 29.
1412. .
feria secunda proxima post festum Beati Francisci,
1411. -
Nyemegteleke. -
, , , -
, . . 4. -
, 5. 1411. .
. . . ,
1939, 205. : , ,
160-161.
68
-
, ()
, -
, (Zsomboregyhza, Zsom-
boly- Sombol), Nyemegteleke. D. Csanki, Magyarorszg frtenel-
mi fldrajza a hunyadiak korban, 741; Wenzel, Stibor Vajda,148-149.
69
1409. (Ozora, Filip
de Sholaris), 1410-1420. -
, . . ,
, 1; Pl, Archontolgiaja I, 240, 308,459; II, 152, 180; ,
132.
70
Rkay, A szerben beteleplse Magyarorszgra a XV szzadban, 54.
71
,
.
, ,
, .
-
.
. , II, 357; -
II, 327; , , 235-236, 261.
,
, , -
. 1409. -
. . 68 69.
61

.
,
. 72
1409. . -
.
1410. ,
.73
. -
30. 1407. ,
, 1410. .
,
., , -
. -
,74
. -
, .
-
. ,
.
,
. -
.75 8. 1400.
.76 , 1402.
,
1403.77
. -
, 1404. -
72
-
, , -
, , -
, -
.
Nyemegtelek, -
. -
, .
. 68.
73
. 69 72.
74
, , 55; . , -
. , , 315.
75
. 52.
76
. 42 44.
77
. 45 46.
62

.
. 1404.
.
1407. , -
, -
. ,
. -
.
, XII -
. -
, . 1408.
.
1410. , -
, 1411.
.78
, 1409. -
. ,
. , -
,
.79
.
, , 1409.
,
. 29. 1412. -
1410. .

,80 ,
1402. 1403. .81 -
-
( ) -
. ,
78
. ,
XV , 1905, 15-18, 24.
. , , 205, 207-213.
79
. , , 19; . , -
, 9; II, 81-82 (. ); . , -
, 19; . , , 66, 73-74;
. , 119; , 131.
80
, , -
. .
81
. 45 45.
63

, 1394. , .82
, -
1397. ,
. -
, -
.83

, ,
.
, , -
, , -
. , ,
.
. .
Aleksandra Fostikov
About Dmitar Kraljevi
Summary
Dmitar Kraljevi, the youngest son of the Serbian king Vukain and
queen Jelena was born after 1345. In the charter to Ragusans dated from April
3rd 1370, Vukain mentioned only his wife Jelena and elder sons Marko and
Andrija. Dmitar was not mentioned, since he was still a child.
After the death of king Vukain, and the despot of Ser, Jovan Ugljea,
in the battle at the Marica river on September 26th 1370, the successors of this
house were left at the small territory in western Macedonia. They have ruled
together, by the system of divided family rule. Dmitar probably remained at the
court of his mother, queen Jelena-Jelisaveta. The only one inscription that
mentioned him in this period is the one from 1376/77 in the Church of St.
Demetrius near Skoplje. Good relationship between brothers, at least in the
period before the battle of Kosovo, is testified by the agreement of the exchange
82
, , 153-163.
83
Gelchich - Thallczy, Diplomatarium Ragusanae, 127-131, 195-200,714-715,718; .
, I-1, 273 . CXXXIV; ., ,
24 2/95 51/166 (. XXX .94); 3/96 38, 114
(.XXX .94,); . ,
(1350-1416), 1902, 82, 115, 221-222; I. Manken, Dubrovaki patricijat, 20; V. Fo-
reti, Povjest Dubrovnika I, 176-177; . -, , 75.
64

of the villages between Marko and Andrija. It was described in the founders
inscription in the St. Andrews church, finished in the spring of 1389 at the
latest.
The conflict happened after the meeting in Ser with sultan Bayazit I in
winter of 1393/94. Contrary to king Marko, who remained loyal to Bayazit,
Andrija and Dmitar refused to serve the Turkish sultan. By the end of July of
1394, they have built the deposit of their father Vukain in Dubrovnik, and
afterwards went to serve Hungarian king Zsigmund. As early as in the next
year, 1395, the brothers were at the opposed sides in the battle of Rovine.
During this conflict, king Marko died, and possibly Andrija as well.
New sources about Dmitar date back from 1399 when he stayed in
Dubrovnik. Then Dmitar took the Hungarian tribute on behalf of king
Zsigmund. At the same time he received from the Dubrovnik Municipality the
rest of the money from the deposit of king Vukain. As early as in spring of
1400, Dmitar was in this town again, not only to collect the tribute, but as a
diplomatic representative of Hungarian king. Dmitars name appeared again in
connection with Hungarian tribute in December 1402, as well as March 1403,
when Rafael Gueti, son of Marin Gueti, collects the census on behalf of
Dmitar. It seems that the king Zsigmund renounced this tribute to Dmitar,
perhaps as a pay.
In the meantime, as we have learned from the two of his preserved
original charters, Dmitar was the upan of Zarand and castellan of Vilago. This
region Dmitar probably got at the latest until December 1402, when Ragusans
addressed him as dominus Dmitrius. He held these posts most likely until his
death.
As a vassal, Dmitar served in the army for his king. There are no
sources to prove his engagement in the campaign against Bosnia. He died after
June 30th, 1407 and before 1410. He probably died during struggles of 1409, as
vassal of the king Zsigmund, at the side of despot Stefan Lazarevi, against
despot`s brother Vuk and the Turks. During his life in Hungary he had good
relations with Ragusans, especially the Gueti family.
65
, . XLIX (2002) . 67-91

23. 01. 2003.
: 262. 12(497.16) : 949. 711 14
15. -
(1429-1453).1 -
. .
, -
. -
(Venetiis natus e gente
Contarena, inter patritias Venetas familias aeque vetustissima ac nobilissima,
quae plures Duces, et viros innumerabiles omnium virtutum ac laudam genere
clarissimos patriae dedit).2 10. 1451. ,

, : Reverendus pater dominus Marinus Contareno Episcopus ca-
tarensis quondam ser Danielis, qui fuit frater quondam ser Antonii Contareno
procuratoris.3 , ,
. -
*
,
(, , ) XIV XV
(. . 1650).
1
Contareno.
Contarini J. Valentini, Acta Albaniae Veneta
1392. 1453. ; . O. J. Schmitt, Das venezianische Alba-
nien (1392-1479), Mnchen 2001, 368-371. ,
20. 1451. , :
Suplico Jo Marin Contarini.. J. Valentini, Acta Albaniae Veneta (= AAV), Pars III,
Tomus XXI, Mnchen 1975, 64-70 (n. 5716)
2
D. Farlati, Illyricum sacrum VI, Venetis 1800, 460.
3
J. Valentini, AAV, Pars III, Tomus XXI, 41 (n. 5697).

14. 15. . Antonius quon-

dam Marini 1392. 1397. sapiens ordinum, -
1407-1415. sapiens consilii, , 1417-1423, pro-
curator spientes consilii.4 1426. sapiens consilii,
procurator sapientes consilii. 31.
1444. , Electi Sapientes terre firme, Andreas Con-
tareno quondam ser Antonii procuratoris.5 1445. 1447.
sapiens terre firme.6
, .
-
. , -
, . 13.
, 14.
. 15. -

.
1392. , , .
1409. , -
1416/1417. , -
. 1408. 1430.
: ,
. ,
.
15. . 1445.
, 1449. . 1444.
,
1446. . M ,
.

, -
.7
4
.
1392. 1426. .
5
J. Valentini, AAV, Pars III, Tomus XVIII, 279 (n. 5047).
6
J. Valentini, AAV, Pars III, Tomus XIX, 20-22 (n. 5066), 24-26 (n. 5069), 26-29 (n.
5070), 38-41 (n. 5080), 42-46 (n. 5082), 47-50 (n. 5084), 51-51 (n. 5087), 56-57 (n.
5091), 57-60 (n. 5092), 60-62 (n. 5094), 69-70 (n. 5099), 71-73 (n. 5100), 74-75 (n.
5103), 78-79 (n. 5107), 82 (n. 5110), 84 (n. 5112), 148-149 (n. 5192), 158-160 (n.
5201),236-238 (n. 5293), 253 (n. 5309), Pars III, Tomus XX, 1 (n. 5342), 9-10 (n.
5350), 26-28 (n. 5368), 28-29 (n. 5369), 143 (n. 5503), 143 (n. 5504), 200 (n. 5558),
204-205 (n. 5567), 237-239 (n. 5598), 276 (n. 5638).
7
O. J. Schmitt, op.cit., 369-371.
68

V 11. 1429. -
. ,
.8 ,
3. 1431. , -
,9 ,
.10
1430. , -
1431.
.
, .11

.
1420.
,
. . 1421. .12
,
. 1422,
. -
. , -
. . -
1422. ,
.
(1423-1425). , -
, ,
. 13 -
,
, , ,
li qual iera de nostra dona.
, . Collegiata, , -
, , .
.14
8
. Farlati, op. cit. VI, 460.
9
Ibid, 460.
10
aedi suburbane Sanctae Trinitatis rectorem, Ibid, 460.
11
A. Dabinovi, Kotor pod Mletakom republikom (1420-1797), Zagreb 1934, 131.
12
Ibid, 131.
13
Ibid, 132-133; . , - -
, XV , 1979, (= , -
), 31-32.
14
I. Stjepevi, Katedrala Sv. Tripuna u Kotoru, Split 1938 (= Stjepevi, Katedrala Sv.
Tripuna), 57-58.
69

. , -
,
.
,
.
,
. , ,
V .15 .
.
, ,
, , -
.16 -
, -
, . 31.
1425. .17
. -
25. 1427. . 12 -
. 12 .18 -
, -
. 1429,
11. per obitum D. Secundi ultimi
Episcopi.19

. , , ,
.
-
. , -

-
. 1431.
.
,
.
1431.
, -
, ,
15
Dabinovi, op. cit, 132-133; . , - , 31-34.
16
Dabinovi, op. cit, 133.
17
Ibid, 133.
18
Farlati, op. cit VI, 458-459.
19
Ibid, 460.
70

.20
, 25 ,
,
, .21
5. , ,
, 25 , -
, . , , -
, ,
(, , ),
.22
23. , . . catasticum et in-
ventarium generale , -
,
. , 6. 1431, -
.23
6. 1431.

. , -
, .
-
. -
, -
20
jura Ecclesiae pereant, et Ecclesiae non fabricentur, ut decent, nec fulciantur calici-
bus, libris, paramentis, et aliis necessariis secundum conditionem et valorem introitu-
um... vel debent continuo celebrari Statuta et Leges Civitatis Cathari, Venetis 1616,
367-368 (= Statuta Cathari); Farlati, op. cit. VI, 460.
21
Statuta Cathari 368; Farlati, op. cit. VI, 460.
22
dedisse in scriptis Cancellario civitatis Cathari omnes possessiones, vineas, campos,
ac domus ipsarum Ecclesiarum, vel Monasteriorum ipsis commisarum, et comissorum,
con suis juribus, confinibus, et pertinetiis, reditibus earum, et omnia et singula bona ip-
sarum Ecclesiarum, vel Monasteriorum, ut sunt calices, libri, paramenta, thuribula, et
omnia alia ad Ecclesias sibi commissas spectantia, et pertinentia, ac debitores et legata
ipsarum Ecclesiarum, vel Monasteriorum... Statuta Cathari 368-369; Farlati, op. cit
VI, 460-461.
23
.
. . , -
22.
. 60
, , , , , ,
, , , . P. Butorac, Opatija Sv. Jurja kod
Perasta, Zagreb 1928, 20-23; Dabinovi, op. cit., 134-135; . ,
, XV ,
1979 (=, ), 22-23.
71

, . . -
15 .
, -
. 23. 1431. .
-
. . -
-
. , 1378. , -
,
.
.24 -
,
. 25 -
, -
, . -
.

,
6. 1431. . , ,
.
-
31.
1431. .26 .
100 , -
.
, ,
, .27
, , -
25 , 100 -
: 50 50 , . -
1432. .
, 25 -
. ,
.

24
, - 28-29.
25
Ibid, 31-34.
26
Statuta Cathari 379-383; Farlati, op. cit. VI, 461-462.
27
quae pluit in solario, et choro ipsius Ecclesiae, devastis in ripa maris gradibus lapi-
deis, per quos in Monasterium intratur... Statuta Cathari 379-383; Farlati, op. cit. VI,
461-462.
72

.
, -
, , ,
.28 , 1. 1431. ,
.29

,
. ,
, .
.
. 1431. -
, .
. ,
12 , -
.30 ,
.
. , -
. , -
.
22. 1435. .
, ,
, , 18 -
, , .31 -
26. 1436.
, , ,
, 11 (exenia),
.32
5. 1437. . -

,
28
uno Presbytero sufficenti ad baptizandum, celebrandas Missas, confitendum, com-
municandum, et alia divina officia celebrandum, custodiendum et bene tenendum dic-
tam Ecclesiam et Monasterium Statuta Cathari 379-383; Farlati, op. cit. VI, 461-462.
29
Butorac, op. cit., 20-21; Dabinovi, op. cit., 135-136.
30
I. Stjepevi, Kotor i Grbalj, Split 1941 (=Stjepevi, Kotor i Grbalj), 95 . 111.
31
Reverendus in Christo pater et dominus dominus Marinus Contareno Dei et apostoli-
ce sedis gratia episcopus dignissimus catharensis nomine locationis ad tempus dedit lo-
cavit et affictavit... Bogoe Marsulich... unum suum terrenum positum ad vocatum
drien... pro stariis decem et octo frumenti boni et nitidi ad mensuram lapidis et unam
buchilam lenticum unam buchilam picolorum et uno stari nuchum... Stjepevi, Kotor
i Grbalj 95 . 112.
32
Stjepevi, Kotor i Grbalj 95 . 113.
73

34 , -
.33 1431.

, , 38 ,
.34 ,

-
. -
.
, .
-
.
. -
,
.
1423. -
,
,
. 4. 1424. -
-
.35 -
-
. ,
. .
, , 11. 1426, -
, , -
, II
III.36 15. -
: 1431. , 1433.
1435. . je -
, 28. 1435. -
33
Ibid, 95-96 . 114.
34
Ibid, 96 . 115.
35
. , , . , 1994
(=, ), 742.
36
... tutti vescovadi, habadie e gliesie, le qual son in el paexe e luogi de le prefeta sig-
noria, habia tute soe iurisdicion e usanze in el territorio del prefato signor Zorzi como
hano habudo in el tempo de misser Zorzi Strazimir e de misser Balsa :
J. Valentini, AAV, Pars II, Tomus XII, 286-291 (n. 3075); . Ljubi, Listine o
odnoajih izmedju Junoga Slovenstva i Mletake republike (= Listine) IX, Zagreb
1890, 14-17.
74

. ,
. ,
, , , -
, .
. -
-
.
.
-
,
.

, . . -
14. 1435. .37
,
. . -
, ,
, -

IV,
.38 , -
, IV . , -

.
, 20. 1435. -
, -
super omnes ecclesias
nostre diocesis Catarensis in partibus Sclavonie. , -
, ,
(propter
alia suas et illustris domini despoti Rascie plurimus occupationes).
, 26. 1435. -
super omnes ecclesias illarum prtium Novimontis et Sclavonie -
, : ve-
nerabili viro presbytero Tanussio habitatori in Novo Monte diocesis caterensis.
-
37
: J. Valentini, AAV, Pars II, Tomus XV, 147-158 (n.3681); Listine, IX,
80-85.
38
, 23.
75

, , , ,
.
.
, -
,
. , -
,
.39 23.
1436.
. -
,

(ecclesia Sancte Marie in Chocheranci),
. -
, : -
, -
, , , .
.
,
.
. -

. -
, .
, -
.40
-
-
. ,
, . , 24. 1436.
, (procuratorem, ac-
torem, factorem et negotiorum gestorem) -
.
-
.
, -
, , .41
39
Ibid, 23-24.
40
Ibid, 24-25.
41
Ibid, 25.
76

. -
.

, -
, ,
.
-
,
.
, , ,
.
, ,
. ,
.42

.
II

,
. -
,
.
,
.
,
, , -
, -
.
, .
-
.
.
1. 1435.
, , , -
-
.
. , -
42
, 742-743.
77

, , , ,
, ,
.
, 12. 1436. -
, -

, . , ,
, , ,
.
. , . -
.43
, , .
1443.
.

, ,
. 1442. 1443. -
- ,
. 1442/1443.
, .
. -
, ,
. -
, -
.44 -
,
.
21. 1443. -

. ,
,
. -
, . , -
. , ,
. -
,
, -
. , -
43
Statuta Cathari 397-402.
44
Farlati, op. cit. VI, 463-464.
78

, .45
,
, -
. , -
, -
.

, . -
(contra timorem Dei et honorem mundi).
-
-
( ),
, , , .46
-
( , , , , , , -
), . -
.
, .47 , -
, .48 ,
,
.49 , ,
,
.
,
, IV -
. 1438. , -
. -
, filioque -
45
Ibid, 463.
46
...aliquis Nobilis, Civis, Comitativus, aut forensis in die Domin. non audeat tenere,
nec teneri facere aliquam stationem, seu apothecam apertam, excepta apotheca speciaria
pro medicinis necessariis solummodo vendendis, nec aliquis possit in tali die emere, vel
vendere, nec onerare, et exonerare barchas, zopolos, aut navigia... Farlati, op. cit. VI,
463-465.
47
... excepto quod quilibet possit emere vinum et oleum ad minutum, panem, et ligna
ab igne, carnes ad macellum, pullos, capretos, agnos, ova, fructus, olera, et alias res ne-
cessarias victui quotidiano, quae ducentur per terram ad vendendum de foris in platea, et
non pro incapando, conservando, aut revendendo... Farlati, op. cit. VI, 463-465.
48
Item tempore vindemiarum, ne uvae perdentur, si necessitas contigerit, laborare non
sit vetitum... Farlati, op. cit. VI, 463-465.
49
Farlati, op. cit. VI, 463-465; Dabinovi, op. cit., 82-83, 136-137.
79

, , II, -
,
. 6.
1439. .50
15. , IV, -
.

, -
.51 -
.52 .

1439.
. ,
Laetentur coeli 6. 1439. . -

,
.53 ,
-
. ,
.
. .
,
. 31. -
1431. , (
150 ),54
. 1410. -
, -
50
. , 1439. ,
24-25 (1986), 413-422.
51
Dabinovi, op. cit., 136-137.
52
II/2, 1970 (= II/2), 170-171; , -
23.
53
Vicentius Maria Dabichius auctor est Marinum anno 1439. interfuisse Concilio Flo-
rentino, et vix alium fuisse, qui contra Basileenses schismaticos ab Eugenio IV, fidenti-
bus steterit ac generosius. Abset quidem eius nomen a subscriptionibus Episcoporum
Decreto Eugeniano Unionis: Laetentur Coeli etc. Sed animadvertenda est nota post ip-
sas subscriptiones apposita: Nemo autem mirari debet, cur plures Patrum subscriptiones
non sint; nam ultima sessione celebrata, multi, priusquam huiusmodi subscriptio fieret,
discesserunt Farlati, op. cit. VI, 462-463.
54
Butorac, op. cit., 25.
80

.55 1434. .
.56
, 1437. ,
.57
,
13. 1438. , . ,58 -
.59 -
. -
, , IV 7.
1438. . ,
.60
,
. . -
, , -
-
.61 -
8. 1438. ,
. -
-
. , 12. , -
.
.62
,
, 1438. -
, .
, . -
11. 1439. ,
, . , 155 -
, ,
, ,
.63 ,
55
Ibid, 19.
56
Farlati, op. cit. VI, 462.
57
58
, translatio . 13. 809. .
59
60
...anno 1438. aliud Eugenii diploma accepisset dat. 7. id. Julii, quo Triphonem de
Lampsio Bolizzam in locum Thomae surrogaret, is Marino negotium conficiendum per-
misit Farlati, op. cit. VI, 462-463.
61
62
Ibid, 24-25.
63
81

-
. O , -
. ,
, ,
8. 1485. .64
, -
. 2. 1447. ,

, .
, . . .65
-
, , ,
1444. 1445. ,
. , ,
441, -
29. 1445.
22. 1446. .66 -
,
, -
.
2. 1445. -
, -
, .
20 .67
. -
17. 1445. -
. -
, , -
,
. -
.

(pensauri). , , -
.68
11. 1446. ,
64
Butorac, op. cit., 24-30; Dabinovi, op. cit., 136.
65
66
Dabinovi, op. cit., 91.
67
I. Stjepevi, Prevlaka, Zagreb 1930, 29; Dabinovi, op. cit., 32-33.
68
J. Valentini, AAV, Pars III, Tomus XIX, 53-54 (n. 5088).
82

, 1445. -
, , .
, -
.

32 .69
23. 1445. .70
, -
. .
,
Pala d oro, . .
1437. . -
1453. .71 -
, 31. 1446. -
,
.
,
, , .
. . , -
, ,
. .
. .72
-
. -
, . -
, . -
, . ,
, , .73
69
Et non parendo avize conte e ai Zentilomeni de Cataro esser sufficienti a tanta arma-
da quanta se devolgava vegnir domando auxilio bexognando a Stipaniza dezernoe coli
gradelli che sono prouixionadi de la vostra Signoria..... viceconte e i Zentilomeni la
granda proferta del dito Stepaniza, i dono do peze de pano quarantin tutto de uno merca-
dante per ducali 32. liquali non e pagadi... J. Valentini, AAV, Pars III, Tomus XIX,
184-188 (n. 5232). 40 40 -
, . . . -,
, 1982, 115.
70
: Listine IX, 226-229; II/2, 211 (. ).
71
Stjepevi, Katedrala Sv. Tripuna 16-17; II/2, 237 (. ).
72
Stjepevi, Katedrala Sv. Tripuna 17-18; , - 34-
35.
73
Ultra beneficia que prefatus R. Dominus episcopus fecit et intulit episcopatui catari
et possesionibus suis quem episcopatum et possesiones reperit ruinatum et incultas epi-
83

1435.
1448. ,
, -
, , . 28.
1443. .74
,75 1447.
.76
, , -
.
11. 1446. -
, ,
.
, (), -
. ,
, -
. , -
, , -
.
, -
.77
-
. -

, .
,

, , , -
, -
.78
scopatum quasi totum fabricando de nove et in ipso capellam ad honorem gloriosi con-
fessoris Jeronimi construedo et dedicando ac colendo et cultivando vineas et possesio-
nes ipsius episcopatus in duplum eius quam ipsas reperit in ipsius sui episcopatus introi-
tu Stjepevi, Katedrala Sv. Tripuna 78, . 126.
74
J. Valentini AAV, Pars III, Tomus XVIII, 77-78 (n. 4879).
75
Ibid, 279 (n. 5048)
76
J. Valentini, AAV, Pars III, Tomus XIX, 254 (n. 5312).
77
78
...quod circa rem istam scribemus Reuerendo domino Episcopo, et etiam Rectori no-
stro, ut per illos mediores modos, qui eis videantur provideant mutare illos sismaticos,
non tamen omnes in una vice, sed paulatim in dextro modo, ne forte ob magnum nume-
84

, -
,
-
, -
. -
,79
1448. .
III
, -
, -
. 1448. .
,
. -
, -
. -
,
,
. -
,
, .
,
.
,
.80 ,
, -
.
.
, -
. 1448. -
, , -
. 12.
,
.81 . ,
.
rum Illorum Sismaticorum aliquod inconveniens sequatur J. Valentini, AAV, Pars III,
Tomus XIX, 184-188 (n. 5232).
79
II/2, 213 (. ).
80
Dabinvi, op. cit., 35; Stjepevi, Kotor i Grbalj, 71-72; II/2, 215-216 (. ).
81
...cum aliquibus capitulis, ad quorum magnam partem iam provisum est J. Valenti-
ni, AAV, Pars III, Tomus XX, 42-43 (n.5381); Listine, IX, 274.
85

,
. -
, -
, .

. 1445. , -

, , -
, .

. 2. 4.
1451. -
, .
-
. , -
. -
. ,
-
, . ,

600 . -
. -
, ,
. -
600 .
,
, -
. , -
. ,

.82 -
,
17. 1451. . ,
. -
500 ,
500 1448. 83
. -
, .84
82
J. Valentini, AAV, Pars III, Tomus XXI, 46-51 (n. 5707); Listine, IX, 381-385.
83
J. Valentini, AAV, Pars III, Tomus XX, 22-23 (n. 5362)
84
J. Valentini, AAV, Pars III, Tomus XXI, 61-64 (n. 5715).
86

,
, .85
,
. -
,
. 3. 1451. -
-
600 , , 50
. -
.86

, -
4. 1451. , -
18 .
-
. -
.87
1451. -
, -
20. . 14
. -
. -
, -
. -
, -
.
-
,
. .
, -
, .
,
, ,
, -
. -
.

. -
85
II/2, 224 (. ).
86
J. Valentini, AAV, Pars III, Tomus XXI, 124-127 (n. 5777); Listine IX, 407-410.
87
J. Valentini, AAV, Pars III, Tomus XXI, 52 (n. 5708).
87

. ,
200 .
, ,
-
. ,
-
.88
. ,
-
.
, -
.
.
,

1446. . 30. 1452,
, , -
, , ,
20 12 -
. , 11. 1453, -
, , -
7 , . 89 -

. ,
-
.90 1452.
. -
. , , ,
, ,
, .
, -
.
, -
.
,
. 1451.
. . 1452.
,
. 27. 1452. -
88
J. Valentini, AAV, Pars III, Tomus XXI, 64-70 (n. 5716); Listine, IX, 390-394.
89
I. Stjepevi, Prevlaka, Zagreb 1930, 62.
90
Dabinovi, op. cit., 137-138.
88

. , 1453. ,
15.
24 . V
.91
,
.
, -
. 1463.
.
1466 1470. : -
, , -
.
, -
. 1477.
. , 15.
,
Ca' d' oro
,
,
.92
, ,
. , -
-
.
-
. -
, .
: -
. -
: .
91
92
O. Schmitt, Das venezianische Albanien 370-371.
89

Katarina Mitrovi
IL VESCOVO DI CATTARO MARIN CONTARENO

E LA DESPOTOVINA SERBA
Riassunto
Quando, allinizio del 1429, mor il vescovo di Cattaro, Secundo Nani,

il papa Martino V nomin al suo posto Marin Contareno. Era l11 giugno dello
stesso anno. Marin Contareno proveniva dalla famiglia Contarini, tra le pi
famose famiglie veneziane. Alcuni membri di quella antica e potente famiglia
gi sostenevano un ruolo importante nel sistema di governo dellAlbania
veneziana tra il 1392 ed il 1479. Inizialmente il nuovo vescovo trov delle
difficolt nella sua diocesi: la disciplina ecclesiastica era abbandonata e le
condizioni economiche disagiate. Perci il vescovo decise subito di migliorare
le finanze della chiesa di Cattaro. Sugger al Consiglio minore cattarense di
creare una nuova legge per i rettori di tutte le chiese della citt e del distretto,
che cerc di catalogare tutti i beni mobili e immobili ecclesiastici. Il governo e
il vescovo avevano intenzione di fare un catasticum et inventarium generale.
Marin Contareno si interessava anzitutto della Cattedrale di San Trifone dove si
trovavano le reliquie del patrono di Cattaro, ma anche del monastero di San
Giorgio, accanto al villaggio Perast, che era una antichissima abbazia
benedettina. Alla met degli anni trenta cerc di risolvere il conflitto tra il
vescovado di Cattaro e larcivescovado di Antivari (Bar), a proposito del diritto
di giurisdizione sulle parrocchie cattoliche nello stato serbo. Un conflitto che
esisteva da secoli. Una delle conclusioni dellaccordo di Smederevo, siglato il
14 agosto 1435 tra la Repubblica di Venezia e il despota serbo ura
Brankovi, comportava laiuto da parte del sovrano serbo al vescovo di Cattaro
nelle sue intenzioni di rinnovare tutti i diritti sui cattolici nella Despotovina
serba. Il 20 giugno 1435, il vescovo Contareno nomin Andrija Keevi,
parroco di Janjevo, suo vicario generale in Serbia. Siccome Andrija Keevi
rifiut lincarico, nuovo vicario generale divenne Tanu, in quel tempo rettore
della chiesa di Santa Maria a Kokeranci. Lanno successivo il vescovo nomin
il patrizio veneziano Antonio Memo suo procuratore in Despotovina. In fin dei
conti Marin Contareno non era riuscito a realizzare la sua giurisdizione sulla
Serbia, perch la maggior parte dei cattolici da quelle parti erano ragusei.
Vedevano Venezia come il peggiore nemico della loro patria, la Repubblica di
Ragusa e non volevano sottoporsi ad un vescovo dorigine veneziana.
Nel distretto di Cattaro vivevano molti contadini ortodossi, il cui stato
economico e sociale sotto il governo veneziano era tra laltro, legato alla difesa
della loro fede. Marin Contareno invece, come esponente degli interessi
veneziani, fece di tutto per convertirli, cercando di espellere i preti ortodossi , i
90

quali avrebbero dovuto essere alternati con i pievani cattolici. Questi progetti
erano sostenuti dal Senato veneziano e dal doge Francesco Foscari. Il vescovo
di Cattaro trov anche il tempo di dedicarsi ad impegni ecclesiastici pi
generali. Partecip al Concilio fiorentino nel 1439, come uno dei pi fedeli
seguaci di papa Eugenio IV, che si contrapponevano ai sinodisti di Basel. Marin
Contareno partecip anche alle attivit politiche del suo tempo. Cos, dopo la
morte improvvisa del provveditore veneziano di Cattaro Leonardo Bembo, lui
fu viceprovveditore dal 29 marzo 1445 al 22 giugno 1446. In quei mesi Alfonso
V, re del Regno napoletano, grande nemico della Repubblica di San Marco,
avanz delle pretese su quella parte della costa adriatica. Negli ultimi anni del
suo episcopato Marin Contareno si occup anche di affari diplomatici. Si fece
mediatore tra i negoziati che Venezia intraprese con la Comune di Cattaro e
Stefanica Crnojevi, capitano della Zeta Superiore, nel 1448 e nel 1451. Dopo
la sanguinosa fine della sommossa dei contadini di Grbalj, nel febbraio 1452,
trenta ribelli furono ammazzati. Molti altri contadini che parteciparono a quella
ribellione furono scacciati dal territorio sotto il governo veneziano e si
rifugiarono in Puglia. Dopo quei fatti, la permanenza del vescovo veneziano a
Cattaro diventava ogni giorno pi insopportabile. Siccome Marin Contareno nel
1452. era a Vicenza, come vicario del cardinale e vescovo Pietro Bembo, il papa
Nicol V decise di nominarlo vescovo di Treviso nel 1453. Marin Contareno fu
un energico ed ambizioso vescovo cattolico, gi ispirato al nuovo spirito
rinascimentale, seguace fedele della politica papale, ma soprattutto patrizio
veneziano ed esponente degli interessi della Serenissima in Zeta e Albania.
91
, . XLIX (2002) . 93-122

03. 03. 2003.
: 930. 22(=861)(497.16) 12/14
-
, ,
,
.
, ,
*
,
(. . 1667).
( -
, 7. 2002. )
2002. -
. , , -
-
, () ,
, -
. , -
. -
-
, -
. , -
,
. 20. 2002. -
-
. -

.

. , -
,
, , ,

. -
,
.
( -
)
. -
(16841699)
. , --
-
-
, 1693. 1.
, -
, -
2. ,
XVII ,
, -
XVIII .
, , -
.
XVIII ,
3.
, , -
. , ,
, -
XIII . -
. ,
1
. , . , -
, , 1978, 1416 (= , ); . , -
-, - 2001, 14
42 (= , ).
2
. . , , 5 (1973) 1718, -
1977, 19912, XXIVXXV(= , ); , , 6164; Idem,
. , :
, . XXXVIII, -
. 6, 1987, 221229.
3
, , 1638; . ,
- (- ) -
18. , - 1998; , .
94

,
, , -
XVIII, XIX XX . -
( , )
,
4.
: 1.
I
(1276/77); 2. (12.
1358); 3.
( 1413). -
, -
. , -
,
. -
1300 , (
1100) . 200 -
, ,
. -
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-
. , -

.
-
, -
. 1844. -
- , -
, 5.
, -
,
4
, -
, , , -
. . 1720.
5
, -
, - 9 (1844) 125127 (= , -
).
95

. ,
- , , -
, -
6, . , -
, ,
, . 1856.
, -
7.
8, , , -
, Monumenta Serbica
9. -
,
10. Te

, , ,

. -
,
Monumenta Ser-
bica.
, 1864. , -
, -
11, , -
, . 12. -
. -
6
.[] .[], , . 10, . 41, 4.
1845, , 326327 (= , ). , , 1, -
.
7
, , 34.
8
I. Kukuljevi Sakcinski, Izvestje o putovanju kroz Dalmaciju u Napulj i Rim s osobitim
obzirom na slavensku knjievnost, umjetnost i starine, Arkiv za povjestnicu jugoslaven-
sku 4 (1857) 340341 (
, . 3637) (= Kukuljevi, Izvestje).
9
F. Miklosich, Monumenta Serbica spectantia historiam Serbiae, Bosnae, Ragusii, Wi-
ennae 1858, Graz 19642, 7173, 333335 (= MS).
10
MS, 165168.
11
G. Wenzel, Codex diplomaticus arpadianus continuatus V, Monumenta Hungariae
Historica. Diplomataria X, Pest 1864, 276280 (= Wenzel, Codex).
12
D. Hurmuzaki, Documente privitre la istoria Rumnilor 13461450, i cu dne
apendice documente slavone insoite de traduceri latine 11981459, Bucareti 1890,
794796 (= Hurmuzaki, Documente).
96

13 -
,
. -
-
, -
.
1891. .

-
, -
14.
,
, .
1890. , ,
-
15. -
16, ,
,
.
, -
. , -

. -
. ,
, -
17.
, -
13
. , , 3
(1879) 436 (= , ); . , -
, 5 (1880) 584589 (= ,
); . , ,
60 (1901) 44 (= , ).
14
E. Kaluniacki, Zur Textkritik der altserbischen Urkunden, AfSlPh 13 (1891) 8893
(= Kaluniacki, Textkritik).
15
. , , 2 (1890) 252254 (= , ).
16
. -
( .
18). -
.
17
. , , 11 (1894)
125127 (= , ).
97

,
.
.
, -
, 18,

19.

, , -
,
. -
(, )
, -
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,
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; , -
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. 20. , -
-
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21.
( , -
) .

-
18
. , ,
12, . 8 (1901) 748749 (= , ).
19
-
10301930, . . , 1930, 13 (=
, ).
20
. , . , -
. XX, 1913, 499; . , ,
1930, 233 (= , ); . , ,
12 (1948) 373 (= . , ); . ,
, CLVII,
. 4, 1950, 291; . , -
, 1951, 76; Enciklopedija likovnih umjetnosti 4, JLZ Zagreb 1966, s. v. Sa-
vina (P. Mijovi); , , 17 ( . XXIV).
21
. , ,
1912, 606607, 709711 (= ).
98

22. -
23. , -

24.
( -
)
25.
, -
-
e . , -
,

1413. 26. -
27. -
, ,
, ,
28.

-
( ) -
29.
-
.
22
. , XXV. -
, 169 (1935) 45 (= , ).
23
. , , 18 (1971) 68
(= , ).
24
. , . ?, 19
(1972) 6777 (= . , ).
25
T. ivkovi S. Bojanin V. Petrovi, Selected charters of serbian rulers (XIIXV
century) relating to the territory of Kosovo and Metohia I, Athens 2000, 4448 (=
ivkoviBojaninPetrovi, Selected charters).
26
. , , :
, . XXXVIII, -
. 6, 1987, 165174 (= , ).
27
. , , 18
(1994) 189190 (= , ); Idem, -
, 1995, 2324, 50, 59, 164165, 220 (= , ).
28
, , . , -
1979, 150151, 164165, 204206 (= , ).
29
, , . 96, 97, 109 ( . ).
99

30. -
-
, , , -
1930. -
. , , -
.
31. -
, -
(
).
1. I
(1276/77)
I,
, ,
. ,
,
.
. , -
, , .
1. 1276. 1. 1277. 32.
: . -
, XVI
1938. 33.
30
. , , 4, . 12 (1997) 6162
(= , ).
31
, , 106.
32
. , , 7273.
33
: Apographum mem-
bran. vetus quidem, sed minus accuratum in mon. Savina prope Catharum. Nos e duo-
bus apographis hujus apographi textum restituere conati sumus. Monemus alterum apo-
graphum in subscriptione habere tantum Stfan ro{ etc. (MS, 73). -
-
, .
,
, XVI ,
, ,
. -
-
100

1. XVI 45, 5 x
39, 5 cm, , 32 -
. ( ),
. , -
, .
( ) .
, . -
, ,
: .
: , , 12, . 72
(. ); ,
; ,
() 1972. . : , , .
96 (. ). -
, , .
: MS, 7173 ( ;
); Wenzel, Codex V, 276280 (
); Hurmuzaki, Documente, 794796 ( -
); , 606607 (); ivkovi Bojanin Petrovi, Selected char-
ters, 4448 ( ).
, .
: , , 436; ,
, 584589; Kaluniacki, Textkritik, 8893; -
, , 126; , , 748; , -
, 44; , , 13; , , 233; ,
, 45; , , 68; , ,
6777; , , 61; , , 106.
: 1 G(ospod) vzns s na n()b()sa da pstit mirovi

t{itel n()b()sa gotova{ prstol go blaci vllp
: 30 prdatlm i s raspan {imi G(o)s(pod)a i rek {imi
krv ego na nas() i na ~d()h na{ih() i t() b(o)godarovannago nam()
31 vn ca da bd [prok]lt amin() amin() amin() .
STFAN V RO[ GOSPDIN() V SE SRBSKE

ZEML I PM()R()SKE
, ,
, :

1856. .
101

MS , -
-

34
1 vzns s (1) vzns s
6 vaà (11) vo[br]aà v [ìti onm
br]aà35
Kaluniacki, Tex-
tkritik, 90
9 bstsvtago (17) -
; svtago (
s)

10/ Stfana kral Vla- Stfana Vladislava
11 dislava (20) kral
14 stvari (26) stvori
18 Nikoli (36) Nikola
19 v pr~i (38) v podr~ v por~i; ibi-
dem, 91
21 Savva (40) Sava
22 izvolivladati izvoli[t po] nas()
(45) vladati
izvoli bladati
izvoli po mn
vladati; ibidem, 91
iz
vol[t] [posl
nas] vladti (L 28)
22 titlstvo (46) titl stvo; pop~itlstvo; ibi-
- dem, 92.
;
krtitlstvo
[blst]itl stvo
(L 28)
34
.
35

.
102

23 iStlp (47) i t[r]g Stlp; i zait Stlp;

ibidem, 92.

, .

. , ist[ih bla]g
pirg Stlp
,
, 67, . 2, i poloìh
(L 29).

Stlp.
-
. Stl~,
-

-

.
25 Nikolapriml Nikola v sak Nikola [prinosit
(51) priml dar vsaki]
priml; ibidem,
93.
27 soton[in]o (55) sotono;
, ,
, -
-
-
.
2. 20. 1938.
36 -
36
(, 1888 , 1943)

1920, .
. 1927.
.
, -
. , -
103

,
40 .
XVI . ,
, -
v kral. -
,
. -

. , -
. -
, . , -
, , -
. , ,
,
. -
, -
: XIII -
. 37. -
, : ( ). -
, , :
- 20/VIII 38.
: 1 Gospod vzns s na Nbsa da pstit mirovi

t{itl Nbsa gotova{ pr
: 39 vnca da bd[t] p[rok]lt. amin. amin. amin.
Stfan Kral ro{, Gospdin v s Srbske zml i

Pomrske.
. -

. (
).
37
, .
-
.
-
, ,
. :
, ; ; ;
().
104

-
.
- -
38.
-

. , -

.
39, -
. , , -
MS, , , -
, -
, -
. , , -
. ,
-
1880.
40,
. 1972.41.

, -
38
. , ,
, 26. 1999, . 2; , , 106.
39
. , , 72, Stfan v ro{
v XVI , -
.
40
, , 584589.
41
. , , 6777. Kukuljevi, Izvestje, 340 ( , .
36), , -
, v , -
.
. , . , ,
,
.
, , . ,
-
.
105

42. . (
)43, . -
( ), .
44, . , . 45. -
,
. , . -
( !) . -
. -
, -
.
, -

,
,
.
-
. . ,
. , . , . , . , . , .
, . . . -
, -
,
v
.
2.
(12. 1358)
, ,
-
, -
42
MS, 71; , 606.
43
. , V. ,
94 (1914) 217; Idem, XIII. ,
106 (1923) 39, . 2; Idem, I.
, 1. , 1937, 40 (= , -
).

.
44
--, s.v. (. ).
45
. , , 1971, 40.
106

, -
, 500
500 . -
, -
46. -
, 12 1358, : -
, , , , ,
.
: , XVIII , 47 -
60 x 42,5 cm, , , 50
. -
, . . -
.
.
, , -
,
.
.
. , ,
, . -
. :
, (tvorc, sozdatl, prst, Srblm,
Grkom), .
: 1. , , -
, .

, .
, , -
( 1872) , .
,
.
: , , 12, . 73
(. ). : , -
, 234, , . -
, , .
46

. ,
( ) 500
500 , -
. .
47
, , 126 , , 233, -
.
107

:
: 1. , ( XV ); 2. -
XIX -
; 3. ( XV . XVI ), ,
; 4. . 48 -
, ,
, .
, -
, , 49.
: -
, , . , , .50
: 1 Pon` izvoli bl(a)gy i ~l(o)vkolbivy, C(a)r

slav G(ospo)d na{ i(s)s H(risto)s, S()n B(o)`y
: 48 vo Niky, i da imat ~ast so prdatlm Jdom i so
rk{im vozmi 49 raspni ego.
STEFAN VO HR(I)STA B(O)GA BL(A)GOVRNY URO[

C(A)R SERBLEM I GERKM
,
. , ,

, .
, ( )
:
14. pripada i prinos
22. cr()kvam() carstva mi
27. pt sot prpr
29. na vsk godin c(a)r()stva mi cr()kvi Arhagg()la Miha-
ila na vsak godin hram c(a)r()stva mi Ar hagg()la Mihaila
48
. ( 2 1358. .
), 2 (1849) 197199; MS, 165168; , 709711; Actes de
Chilandar, deuxieme partie. Actes slaves, publis par B. Korablev, 19 (1915) -
; Amsterdam 19752, 521523.
49
. ,
(2. 1358), 2 (2003) . -
, .
50
.
108

30. dogd god Dbrovnik drì Ston

grad i
31. c(a)r()stvo mi zapisa hrisovlih()
45. lbo cr()kvam
: 12. 2. .

-
.
-
,
,
51.
XV .
, ,
-
,
. - -
, ,
,
, , -
. ,
, -

-
52; -
53, , ,
1774. 54.
51
K. Jireek, Dohodak stonski, koji su Dubrovani davali srpskome manastiru sv. Ar-
hangjela Mihajla u Jerusalimu i povelje o njemu cara Uroa (1358) i carice Mare
(1479), Zbornik u slavu Vatroslava Jagia Jagi Festschrift, Berlin 1908, 531542; .
, , 22 (1983) 165206; . -
, , 8 (1998) 519; . , -
(XVXVII ), 2000, 188193.
52
. , ,
10 (1998) 47 ( 8/2) 84 ( 6/16).
53
V. Moin S. Tralji, irilske isprave i pisma u Arhivu Jugoslavenske akademije,
Starine JAZU 46 (1956) 97, br. 1.
54
, . , -
. CDXXXV, 68, 1970, 163168 (-
); , . ,
1998, 156161 ( ).
109

, -

XVIII 55.
, ,
, -
-
, ? -

-
. XIX -
? -
-
.

.
, -
, -
-
56. -
, ,
, , , -
, -
, ,
57.
55
. , op.cit.
56
. , , : -
. , , , , -
. XCV, . 27, 2000, 243244.
. , 7186/127 ( -
, 27. 1853).
57
(. , -
XVIII , 3 (1974) 3132; Idem, , 61), -
1735, -
1759. (Ibid, 61 . 48). -

( XVIII ) (S. Novakovi, Tre-
binje, Tvrdo i Savina. Pisma iz hranionice manastira Savine s nekolikim primedbama,
Starine JAZU 16 (1884) 105107; , , . 102).
, (1713
1725)
(V. Moin S. Tralji, op. cit., 142).
110

, , .

. -
? , ,
, -
,
-
. ,
.
-
( 30; ) -
. -
, -
1000 ,
dogd god Dbrovnik drì Ston grad i nim blag.
god Dbrovnik drì Ston grad i
-
, , ,
-
. ,
,
.
-
58.

. , ,
, , -

.
3.
( 1413)

, ,
, ,
. ,
, ( ): ,
, .
58
. , , 1962, 6.
111

, .
, .
: .
1. 42,5 x 30,5 cm,
, 38 -
.
, (
) . -
.
-
, .
, -
1890. ,
. , -
, -
( )
.
, 7 cm.
, ,
. -
. -
, ,
.
,
-
,
: V Hr(i)sta B(o)ga bl(a)govrni i hr(i)stolbivi g(ospodi)n59
Srblm i Podnavi dspot Stfan60. , -
1890. , -
. , -
, , :
59
, , 127, vsm g(ospodi)n. -
S, 333 sq.
60

5. 1407. (. ,
, 56 (1922) 11; Actes de Lavra IV, ed. P. Lemerle, A.
Guillou, N. Svoronos, D.Papachryssanthou avec la collaboration de S. irkovi, Archi-
ves de lAthos XI, Paris 1982, 189 , Pl IX ; -
, , . 10 ) 20. 1427. (. , op. cit., 14;
Actes de Lavra IV, 194, Pl XII ). . , , 50, 59.
112

, ,
, 1.
: , , 12, . 74
(. ); ,
. : , , 252-253 ( -
); , 1891. (-
); , , . 97 , . 109 ( .
); , ,
. -
, , .
: , , 125127 ( -
, ); MS, 333335; , 607 ();
, , 150151, 164165, 204206 (, -
). . -
, , .
: , , 126127 ( -
); , , 326327 (); , , 749 (
); , , 233 ();
(, ,
. , , ); , , 204206; ,
, 165174 ( ); , , 189190;
, , 2324, 50, 59, 164165, 220.
: 1 Mno c(a)re c(a)r()stvt. i silni vlasti

prdr`t r~() prm2 drim
: 37 s(v)ti S[m]n i s(v)ti Sava
M(I)L(O)ST B(O)@[I] G(OSPODI)N SRBLM()

DESPOT() STEF(A)N
2. 19. 1938.
61 .
,
, 56 . -

: , -
;
; -
St Svt. -
61
. 36.
113

. -
:
(!),
. , , -
,
: -
. - 1912/ VIII 38. -
,
: -
( ).
: 1 Mno care carstvt i silni vlasti

: 55 svti Smn i svti Sava
Milost boè Gospodin Srblm dspot Stfan
, -
, , -
1694.
62.
, . 1807. -
63. -
,
. ,
,
. , -
, -
, , . -

-
.
62
. 2.
63
. , -
, 1898, 2425.

, .
114

-
-
XIX .
.
1856.
, ,
, , -
64. -
, , , -
MS. , -
-
.
,

!
, ,
1832.
.
. -
.
, , -
, -
65. ,
,
. ,
, 66,
-
64
Kukuljevi, Izvestje, 340341 ( . 3637). ,
, 40,
. , ,
,
. ,
,
, , -
(I. Kukuljevi Sakcinski, Putne uspomene iz Hrvatske, Dalmacije, Ar-
banije, Krfa i Italije, Zagreb 1873, 97 (= Kukuljevi, Putne uspomene)). -
26.
1856. (, , 34).
65
Kukuljevi, Putne uspomene, 9597.
66
. . , XI (18551858), . -
, 1996, 527528, 534 (= , XI).
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67.
1854.
, ,
, , 68. -
, ,
, 1856. ,
, 69.
,
,
1857. ,
, , -
.
, ,
. -
,
70.
, ,
. , , 1890. .
29. 1890. . ,
, , : !
( ) . ,
, .
Monumenta Serbica . -
, -
,
( ) , -
( -
67
. , I . 18511860,
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68
, XI, 527528 ( , 28. / 12.
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(. , . . , : , , 56).
69
. , , 3 (1949) 148.
: -
.
70

: . , . (1857), 17, . 3
(1937) 137138; . 4, 193202; . , op. cit., 144155; . , -
XIX (
), 1958, 120121, 232; . , op. cit., 286288.

(, XI, 527530, 534537, 550555).
116

1890. -
1891. ).
, , .
, , -
.71 -
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.
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( ), -
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74.
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!
71
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. ).
72
(), . -
. .
73
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, , . 02 937).
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. , , , 26. -
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76
Idem, , , XXXI, . 478,
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117

ore Bubalo
The Medieval Charters in the Archive of the Savina Monastery
Summary
Idea and the basis for this article (and the lecture held under the same
title in the Institute of History in Belgrade, on November 7th, 2002) came from
the research of the Archive of the Savina monastery during August 2002, with
financial support of the project The Society in Serbian Diplomatic Sources by
the Ministry of Science and Technologies of the Republic of Serbia. The
Archive of the Savina monastery is the one of the rare monasteries which
preserved relatively large quantity of the documents, within the great time span.
In foundation and character of the Savina Monastery crucial role was played by
the two facts: when the monks moved from Tvrdo to Savina in XVII century,
they brought with them significant parts of the deposits of the Tvrdo and
Mileevo monasteries, and the second one is the development of the monastery
during XVIII century, which created rich archives. The medieval part of the
Savina archive is comprised of three charters: 1. charter of king Uro I on the
occasion of foundation of St. Nikola church in Hvosno as an estate of Mileeva
(1. September 1276 1. May 1277); the original has not been preserved, there
are two transcripts, one written at the earliest in XVI century and the other,
transcript of this transcript, made in 1938 by Mstislav ahmatov, Russian law
historian from Prague; 2. a transcription from XVIII century of the falsified
charter of emperor Uro about the tribute of Ston (12. July 1358); four copies of
this false charter have been preserved. It was made by the end of XV century
with the aim to transfer the tribute of Ston from the Monastery of Saint
Archangels in Jerusalem to the Serbian monasteries at the Mount Athos -
Chilandar and St. Paul; the sources give us no proof for logically coherent
answers to questions of the motives of writing or the circumstances and time of
arriving at Savina; 3. the charter of despot Stefan Lazarevi by which he
donated five villages in the region of todays Poega to the monastery of
Mileeva (after 1413); in the archive of Savina there is an original with
preserved wax seal and the transcript of the original made in 1938 by Mstislav
ahmatov. The charters of king Uro and despot Stefan represent the only relics
of the medieval archives of the monastery of Mileeva. After being brought to
Savina, at the latest in 1694, they were taken out of the monastery several times
for a longer period. By the end of 1856 Ivan Kukuljevi found them in the
hands of the priest Luka Radoni in Kotor. It is not known when and for what
reason they arrived there. It was Luka Radoni himself who brought them back
to the Savina monastery at the latest in 1890. The charters were taken from the
monastery again in 1985 to be conserved by the Institute of preservation of the
cultural monuments in Cetinje. After seventeen years they were brought back to
Savina not preserved!
118

I , 1276. 1277,
XVI (: , -)
119

, 12. 1358,
XVIII (: , -)
120

, 1413 (: , -)
121

,
1938. ()
122
, . XLIX (2002) . 123-138

28. 02. 2003.
: 312. 5(=943.5) (497.11) (093)

-
*
-
ej, - ,
, -

. -
, -

, -
. -
, -
-

.
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-
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-
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,
. XX -
-
*
,
XV-XVIII . (. . 1423).

, -
, , , -
-
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, -
, -

. ,

-
.
-
,

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,
. , -
, - -
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-
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.
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124

-
-
. , -
-
, .
, , -
, , , ,
. ,
:
.1
, , ,
-
-
. -
, ,
, , , .2
1

, : , ,
XVIII, 1971, 255-270.
2
.: , XVI XVII , XVI XVII ,
1985, 77-191; , XVI XVII , -
, 1986, 131-185; , -
1683. , I, 1983, 107-169; Vasi Milan, O kneinama
Bakia pod turskom vlau, Godinjak Istoriskog drutva Bosne i Hercegovine IX,
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41-47; Filipovi Nedim, Islamizacija vlaha u Bosni i Hercegovini u XV i XVI vijeku,
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, ,
, -
-
. -

.3
,

, : -
, , , -
, , ,
, , -
, , , -
.
, , -
-
. -
, , ,
, , . ,
, , -
, , -
, -
,
.
, ,
,

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,
.
,
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3

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.
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I
,
-
. ,

: -
, -
-,
, .

, , -
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, -
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.
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, (
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, -
, -
, , . -
-
, -
,
,
.10

7
Ibid.
8
: -
, , /:/ , , ,
( ), - 2000, 36.
9
Ibid. , op. cit., 37.
10
Ibid.
128

. ,
(, ,
, , , , , , ), -
(.
()), -
, ,
, . -
, , -
,
, .
, , , 11,
. , -
, . , -
,
, (, ,
, , , ).
,
( ...) . ,
.
-
, ,
,
,

-
, -
.12 , ,
1467.
, ,
, ,
.13
,
,
. 14
11
20.000
100.000 .
12
, D 16 (1476).
13
Momilo Stojakovi, Branievski tefter, Beograd 1987, (= Stojakovi, Branievski),
112-114. , D 16 (1476).
14

. . -
, -
129

XV XVI
,
XV , : , , ,
, , .
,
.
-

, , , -
. , ,
,
,
der () tabi` (),
. , --
,
.15
,
. ,
, , , , ,
,
,
. ,

, .16
, , -
-
. -
, , , .17
1516.
. , 1476-
1516. , ,
, , 1640/41.
.
. 1516.
,
. , ,
, - -
. : , -
, .
15
BBA, TTD 16 (1476).
16
Ibid.
17
Ibid.
130

( -
, ). , , -
1516. : , , -
, , , , , , , , -
, , , , , .
,
, 1476. . -
, , ,
. -
, ,
, -
(. tabi`) (.
, ...), -
. , -
.
, ,
? ,
, ,
.
,

. 18
-
, , 1476. -
, 1516. ,
.19
XVI , -
, ,
, , 1528. 1560. -
-
.
.20
18
- Defter-i mufassal-i Liv-i Semendere al-
mahrsa, BBA , TTD 1007 (1516).
19
Ibid.
20
,
. -
, -

. : , -
, XXII.
131

1528. . -
: , , , -
, , , , , , , .

, , ,
, 1516. -
,
( , , )21.
,
,
.

( ,
).
, -
,
, , ,
. , -
,
( ) 22.
,
,
, , -

, . , -

. -
, -
. -
,
-
.23
21
BBA, TTD 16 (1476).
22
bazar,
,
, . -
, , -
, -
. : ,
, 1978, 135.
23
XV
XVI , -
132

-
XV XVI
, -
, , -
: , -
, , .

(77.86 )
. -
1467. 1476. .24
90
0-300 (1467: 92.7 228 ; 1476: 91
262 ). 300-500
1467 17, 500-700 ( -
). 1476. -
, 300-500 25 ,
500-700 ,
, , , ,
.25
, XV
, .
O ,
, ,
. ,
,
,
, ,
,
, ,
.26
, : La structure de l`habitat bulgare

au XVIe-XVIIe siecle, Etudes balkaniques, Academie Bulgare des sciences, Institut dè-
tudes balkaniques, 1-2, Sofia 1998, 144-154.
24
Stojakovi, Branievski, 7-305; BBA, TTD 16 (1476).
25
Ibid.
26
-
,
: Branislav
Djurdjev, O naseljavanju Vlaha stoara u sjevernu Srbiju u drugoj polovini XV veka,
Godinjak drutva istoriara Bosne i Hercegovine, godine XXXV, Sarajevo 1984, 9-35.
133

II
-

, -
.
, -

XV XVI .
, -

.
,
,

, .
,
,
XVII -
.27 -
, 30
, . ,
1476. 9,
28. -
-
.29
,
,
. , -
, .
-
, -
, ,
.
,
. , ,
, . -
, , 1467. -
27
, , 12.
28
BBA, TTD 16 (1476).
29
, XVII , 74-77.
134

, 57 , -
5.250 . -
, 30 , ,
.
,
, . ,
, , ,
, -
.
,
.
.30
, -
, , -
-
. -
, -
. , 1582. , -
, ,
,
. -
,
,
. -
, ,
.
, .
XVI
. -
-
, -

, . ,
.31
30
Stojakovi, Branievski; ,
1470. 1570. , /:/
, 127.
31
, , ,
172. , -
, , -
, . , -

135

-

. XV
, -
- , -
,
1459. ,
-
.32 ,
1428. 1528/30. ,

.
- , -
,
.

,
1528. ,
XVI , . -
1557. . , -
, .33
-
,
, . ,
-

, ,
.
***
,
- , ,
, ,
, . ,
, 1640-1655. , -
, 61-164.
32
, , -
1985, 198.
33
, -
, LVI, 1922, 34
( . , I, 1978).
136

-
.
,
1476, 1516, 1528, 1536 1560. ,
1525. .
, -
.
-
1476. ,
, -
.

, -
.

-
.
137

Ema Miljkovi
Relevance of the Ottoman Census Books as the Historical Sources

Example of the Census Books of the Sandjak of Smederevo
Summary
Between hardly available documents of the Ottoman provenience,

defters the Ottoman census books present one of basic and the most
important historical documents, relevant for research of history of nations and
countries which were under the Ottoman dominance.
Although very specific, regarding both their purpose and content, those
documents made possible to reveal some important aspects of history of certain
south-Slav nations and countries and to make one step forward in their research.
Thus, analyzing the census books for the sandjak of Smederevo made in the
period between 1476 and 1560, it is possible to offer answers to the questions
related to the social history of this region, such as: determination of boundaries
of the sandjak of Smederevo in the researched period, administrative organi-
zation, typology of the settlements, demographic, ethnic and migration
movements of the population, land relations, the social groups and its status,
fiscal obligations of populations, basic indicators of the economic activity, and
at the end, even if not in detail most important characteristics of the
confessional relations.
Although they do not offer, at least not by themselves the complete
picture of society in one particular region, either it is sandjak of Smederevo or
some other province of the wide Empire, the defters present the outstanding
basis for determination of the basic facts and for raising the questions which
should be explained in the further research process.
138
, . XLIX (2002) . 139-162

26. 02. 2003.
: 352(497.11)+911.372.3(497.11)(093=943.5)
-
-
, -
.
,1
, -
,2
, -
.
-
, ,
,
*
,
XV-XVIII . (. . 1423).
1
. , , , , (
), - 2000, 36; -
-, 15. 16. ,
2002 (= -, ),
.
2

,
,
: . , . -, . , , -
2002 (= , -, , ), 45, 187; .
. 52 82.

.
, -
.3 1553. ,
.4
1883. , . 1859. -
.5
I

12. . , -
, "egda pl ni ko-
u~evsko zagorie",
- 1183. .6 ,
,
.7 -
, 1272. -
- . : Gregorius ba-
nus de Boronch et de Kuchou
, 1273. . - -
, , .
3
. , , ,
, 1-2 (1980) 12, 34; . ,
, , 1997, 156-8; -
, -, , , 13.
4
16. -
: . , -
16. , (=
) 8/1-2 (2001), 7-8; , -, , , 187-9.
5
. , I, 1901, 102, . 1; . . -
, , 1876, 1033, 1035, 1087; . , ,
1, 1987 (=, ), 245.
1381. :
, 1381-1981, -
, 1981 (= ), 260; . ,
, (= ) 16-17 (1966-7) 250.
6
. , , 1974 (=-
, ), 35; . , ,
1964, 47.
7
. , (= ) 1, 1988, 166.
140

, -
.8
1359. (Gergo de
Schrina) "in Selesnich in Chuceua"
.9 -
, , 1363. -
.10 -
15. . -
1433. ,
, .11
, , -
, " -
"12. ,
1428/9. -
,
. Drougovci, Vlasi Ra-
divoevci, Vlasi Koarna Miladovik i noino.13
, .
II "pl ni i popali Kou~evo i Brani~evo" 1438. , -
, pl ni Mouraty Kou~evo i primi Smedere-
vo.14
,
, .
8
T. Smiiklas, Diplomatiki zbornik Kraljevine Hrvatske, Dalmacije i Slavonije 6, Za-
greb 1908, 21-22; . , 2, 7, . 36; . ,
, , - , 1978
(= , ), 86, 95-6; (= ) 1, 442-3 (.
).
9
. , , 11(1892) 32-33.
10
, , 110, . 76.
11
, , ,
: . , ,
1, 1959 (= , ), 270, 283.
. , , 1994 (= , -
), 712, , , 1456. .
12
, 261; . , -
, 1912 (= , ), 770.
13
. , , , , , ,
, ., 3 (1890) 3-4; , -
, 333-5.
14
. , , 1927,
231-2.
141

-
. , " -
-
".15 -
,

, . . " "
-
,
. ,
, ,
.16 -
, -
, ,
.
,17 -
, -
, .18 -
,19
-
. -
,
, , -
. "
", .20 ,
, . , -
.21 , ,
( -
15
, , 87.
16
. , , 1035-6.
17
. , , . 5, 1883,
147.
18
: Inscriptions de la Msie
Suprieure (= IMS) 3/2, 1995, 59 (P. Petrovi).
19
, , 270.
20
V. Simi, Istoriski razvoj naeg rudarstva, Beograd 1951, 243.
21
, , 87; . , ,
1-2 (1987) 47.
142

1381. ),
.22

, 1476/8. , , ,
, .23
1476/8. , -
, ,
, , , -
, .
, -
75 . ,
, , , -
.
. , , -
, , , , , , (
), , (
), ,24 , , , , ,
.25
, , , .
, , . ,
, .
, ,
, , , .
,
. -
, , .
, -
, 1572.
, -
. -
- ( ) -
22
M. Stojakovi, Branievski tefter, Beograd 1987 (= Stojakovi, Branievski), 8; .
, , 4/2-3 (1997) (= , ), 144.
23
1476/8. -
-,
.
24
( ) (
), ,
,
.
25
, oa: BBA TTD 16 (1476).
143

, -
.26 , -
( )27, -
-
. , -
, ( ) -
.
, ,
.28 , -
( ) ( -
), (, -
).29 -
,
,
,
, , ,
.
, -
, 1476/8. -
, , . , ,
, -
.30 1476/8.
26
. , (1459-1683),
1970 (= , ), 150-53.
27
. , -
. , ,
, : . , -
, 20 (1973) 129. "
" , -
: F. Raki, Prilozi za sbirku srbskih i bosanskih listina, Rad JAZU 1
(1867) 156.
28
. , , 31 (1949)
137. , ,
(. ), -
, .
29
,
,
. , 19. -
1427. : , , 105-8;
, . . , 42
(1875) 318-9; 2, 217.
30
.: . ,
1476. , 38 (1991) 31-41.
144

(der Jeleznik),
(nefs-i Jele-
znik).
, (-
, , , ).
,
.31
, 1489.
1491. , ,32
1516. .
,
-
.
, ,
, -
, , -
.33 -
1476/8.
, .34
1476/8. ,

.
, .
. -
,35 "
" ,
.
1458/9. -
, ,
31
. , I-1, -
1476-1566, 1964 (= , ), 5, . 2.
32
D. Bojani, Turski zakoni i zakonski propisi iz XV i XVI veka za smederevsku,
kruevaku i vidinsku oblast, Beograd 1974, 93.
33
-, .
34
Ibid.
35
: . -
, 1, 1973, 227-49; . ,
, 4 (1957) (= , -
), 71-91. : IS 1, 87-8, 91 ( -
), ,
, , : , ,
127-128; . , , 2 (1903) 990-1.
145

1521. , II ,
.36 -
1476/8. 1516. , -
1528, 1536. 1560.
.37 1528. -
, -
,
, , .38 -
1476/8. , 1516.
, ,
, , , , -
(), , , .39
40 -
, .41 -
-
.42
, -
. , 1536.
1560. , ,
. ,
, , ,
, , -
. -
.43 ,
, , ,
, ,
. , -
, , -
. ,
36
. -, , 1967 (= --
, ), 185; 1, 1974, 225-60 (Idem).
37
, , 35, 187, 363-4, 463, 506.
38
Ibid, 35, 107.
39
Ibid, 5-7; 13-18.
40
. , 2, 1958, 58-9, 63,
65-6; . , , 3
(1956) (= , ), 99-105.
41
, , 72.
42
. ,
1476. 1566., 22
(1975) 29-45.
43
IMS 1, Beograd 1976; 112 (S.Duani).
146

, .
,
,
, .44 -
, , -
.
-
. , , " " ,
. -
, , , 45
" ", -
.46 -
, , -
: ,
,
-
.47
. 1476/8.
, ,
,
.48
, -
, 11. , -
.49 -
"
44
IMS 1, 95-113, 120-155 (S.Duani); Idem,
, 40-41 (1989-90) 217-223; , -
. , 1994, 14, 56-57; V. Simi, Istoriski razvoj naeg rudarstva,
190-195; , -, , , 13, 45.
45
, ,
, ,
, ,
, : . , -
, 132; . ,
- , - ,
1994 (= , ), 82.
46
, , 335; -
: , , 88; , , 140-1.
47
. , , 3-7.
48
BBA TTD 16 (1476).
49
: , , 90-
1, 103; . , , 15-6, 36-7, 47-9, 92-6, 154-5, 187-9.
147

".50 1437. -
, , 11.
. -
,
1430. . 1453. 15 -
, , ,
, -
.51 1439, 1456.
, .52
. ,
-
,
16. -
.53 , , -
, .
1453. ,
1466.
.54 -
, -
.
-
- , , ,
.55
, . -
,
.56
50
, 261; " ": ,
, . . , 1999, 47-9
(. ).
51
. , 1, 1902, 93-4; .-
, - ,
1862-1867, 1970, 65; . ,
, 92-6, 154-5, 187-9.
52
: , , 248, 258-9, 289, 392, 405,
466, 471, 494.
53
3/2, 22-6, (. -
).
54
. , , 24
(1977) 114; . , , 93-4, 155.
55
BBA TTD 16 (1476).
56

, : . ,
148

, :
, , ? ,
-
? ,
- ,
. , , , .
, , ,
, -
. , ( ),
- , , , -
14. . -
,
, ,
57, -
. , , -
:
,
. , -
, . -
,58 -
.59 -
, -
.
"
" - ,
, 19 (1925)
(= , ), 343. -
, .
57
. , , :
, , 2002, 21; , , 137.
58
, ,
. , . -
, , : . , "-
" - , - -
, 1994 (= , " "), 66-7; ,
, 88; . , , 140-1.
59
, -
( ), ,
, ,
15. . -
: , , 142.
149

, .60 ()
1476/8. . -
Poturec-
hie, Clenovac Pallotna,
- .61 1476/8.
, 1516. -
.62
( " " ),

, -
. ,
. , 1476/8.
,
. , ,
, , -
. ,
, ,
(
1476/8. ), -
. -
1458.
1476/8. ,
, -
.63 , -
-
. 1528, 1530,
1536. 1560. , , -
.64
1457. ,
60
1458. , -
: F. Raki, Prilozi za sbirku srbskih i bosanskih listi-
na, 156; . Lascaris, Actes serbes de Vatopdi, Byzantinoslavica 6 (1935) 183-4.
61
P. Matkovi, Putopis Marka Antuna Pigafette u Carigrad od god. 1567, Starine 22
(1890) 181; , , 152.
62
BBA TTD 16 (1476); , , 132.
63
, 1476/8. -
. ,
.
64
,
: , -
, 68, 136, 208, 378, 430, 464.
150

,
.
II
, ,
15. , , ,
, , .
-
. 1433.
, : " -
, .
, ".65 ,
,
. ,

-
, , -
. -

.

. 1476/8. -
. -
, , -
-
,
,

.66 -
1476/8. , , , -
, . ,
.
, -
() . -
65
Bertrandon de la Brokijer, Putopis Putovanje preko mora kroz Palestinu, Malu Aziju,
Srbiju i Francusku, Beograd 2002, 109.
66
, ,
1467.
1476. . . Stojakovi, Branievski.
151

-
.67
1476/8. -
,
, , . -
, -
, ,
. , ,
, ( )
,68 , ,
. 134
. ,
10 (, , ).
, 15.
: 78 1 10 ,
29 11 20 , 21 30 12 ,
30 .69
, , -
, 242 -
. 16. ,
300 , .70 -
, , . -
,
. ,
, .71
, ,
. , , 69
, 85 , -
67
BBA TTD 16 (1476). -
() ?
68
BBA TTD 16 (1476).
69
BBA TTD 16 (1476). . ,
, , .
, " -
, ,
,
( -
)": Branievski tefter, 9.
70
, , 133.
71
, , 343.
152

. , , -
, .72
, 13 .
"
( )",73 . ,
, , -
.74 "
" " " - , -
, -
" " .
,
, , ,
.75 ,
"" -
,
, ,
,
.
, 1476. , -
, -
.76
,
, ,
72
BBA TTD 16 (1476).
73
BBA TTD 16 (1476); , , , -
, , , . , -
( ), (
. ) ( ). -
,
. ,, , -
, , ,
. , -
. , .
74
, .
75
BBA TTD 16 (1476). -
, . -
, . , , :
P. Matkovi, Putovanja po Balkanskom poluotoku 16. vieka, Putovanje Antuna Vrani-
a u Carigrad 1553., Rad JAZU 71 (1884) 22. -
. , -
.
76
-, , 196-7, 411, . 509, 513; 2, 384-5 ().
153

.77 ,
.
1476/8.
. ( -
) 26 13 ,
, .
( ) 17
, .78
, 1430.
, 11. -
. -
, -
, , -
, .79

. -
. (pertinenti Castri Nandoralbensis) -
,
1453. .80 O , , -
.
, -
(, , ,
), - -
-
77

1480. 1481. , , , 100.000 :
-, , 198-9; 2, 386-7, 433-4 (. ).
78
BBA TTD 16 (1476). , :
. -, , 18 (1971)
255-68; B. urev, O naseljavanju Vlaha - stoara u sjevernu Srbiju u drugoj polovini
XV vijeka, Godinjak drutva istoriara BIH 35 (1984) 9-34; -, -
.
79
-, , 82-104; 1, 157-72, 281-8
(Idem);
1862-1867, 1970, . : . , -
, 61-9; . , -
, 103-20; . ,
16. , 193-200.; T. , 1459.
16. , 143-8; , , .
80
G. Fejer, Codex diplomaticus Hungariae ecclesiasticus ac civilis, 10/6, Budae 1844,
809-13; J. Teleki, Hunyadiak kora Magyarorszgon 10, Pesten 1853 (= Teleki,
Hunyadiak), 413-6; . , 1426. -
13. 16. , 187 (1941) 179-81; , " ", 64-7.
154

. -
, -
, .
, ,
, -
. , -
.81 , -

, , 1521. ,
.
, ,
,
15. 16. .
, -
. ,
-
: , , , , , ,
, , , , , ,82 ,
.83 -
, ,84
1476/8.
,
, , -
.85 ,
, , , (), , -
81
. , - , -
(XII-XVIII ), . , -
- 1992, 67-83.
82
() , ;
,
. , , -
.
( , ),
,
: , , 215, 217, 332, 357; . , -
, 96 (1948) -
.
83
. . 24.
84
. , -
.
85
BBA TTD 16 (1476).
155

1476/8. ,
.86
,87
. -
.88
, . -
15. , , ,
, , , .
, , -
. -
. -
,
1476/8. . ,
, ,
, .
1433. , -
- -
, -
, -
.89
, ,
. ,
, 14 ( -
), .90

.
14. , -
,
, , .
, , -
. -
: ,
86
BBA TTD 16 (1476); .
: . , -
, 3 (1928) 25-42.
87
. . 79.
88
. -, (1476-1560),
48 (2001) 117-36.
89
: Rjenik hrvatskoga ili srpskoga jezika JAZU 51, Zagreb
1936, 617.
90
BBA TTD 16 (1476).
156

-
14. , 1433. ,91 -
1453. 1456. .92 , -
1453.
, , ,

. -
15. . ,
, , ,
.93 -
- ( 6
) "",94 a
(pondus de Rudista).95 -
,
, ,
, .96
, , , -
,
.
, .97

14.
15. ,
. , , -
, -

. 9. 1874.
, . .
: " -
, , ,
, 30 . (...)
. -
91
, , 270, 283.
92
, , 100-1.
93
Ibid, 99.
94
. , ,
1862-1867, 71-86.
95
, , 104; , , 686.
96
. , 2, 1958, 58-9, 63,
65-6; , , 101-4.
97
Teleki, Hunyadiak, 414; -, , 307-8.
157

, -
,
,
,
( - . . .).

, .
,
5 ".98 , ,
, .
1459. ,
. -
, -
1476/8. 1560. . -
, , -
,
1456. ,
. -
(opidum) , , , ,
, , , -
, , , , ,
, ,
.99 -
1516. . 1476/8. ,
, 105 , ( ). -
1000 .
() 4160 , , -
, 5660 . -
(14 ) ,
30 , 640 .100 -
, , ,
4 ( - 61 , - 52 , -
- 46 - 61 ), (25 ) -
, (, ),
98
, , 104-5, : . 36 7.
1875. . ,
1.500.000 : , -, , -
, 13.
99
J. Teleki, op. cit., 520.
100
, , 5-7.
158

, .
, " ".
(6500 ), ,
(1500 ),
(3000 ), (2000 ),
, .101
, 1521/3. ,
, -
, 80.000 ,
43.000, , 32.800, -
, , 3800 .
: 245 1516. 403
.102 ,
, , , , , -
, , , , -
. , -
,

.103
1528. -
, -
- .
, .104
1528/30. , , -
(207 , 71 ) , 19
3 . ,
: -
(), , , . -
47.195 , 10.000 .105
1536. ,
, 1560. -
, , .106
-
, -
101
Ibid, 13-8. 2000 20 kg -
: , -, , , 190.
102
, , 23-4.
103
, -, , , 49-64, 79-93, 159-72.
104
, , 33-112.
105
Ibid, 117-36.
106
Ibid, 247-66, 417-31.
159

,
- , .107
,
1456. .108
, -
.
***
, -
, ,
, , , ,
, . -

, -
,
. , ,
( ) , -
,

.
, 15. 150 ,
, ,
.
,

.
, -
, ,
,
.

. , -
: " -
107
. , 2, 176; , , 103-4. -
, . -
.: , , 638-39.
108
J. Teleki, op. cit., 520-1; , , 105.
160

"109. , -
.
109
. , i , -
i , i, 6
(1854) 222.
161

Aleksandar Krsti
Kuevo and eleznik in the Light of the Ottoman Census Books
Summary
The medieval region of Kuevo was mentioned in the Serbian and

Hungarian historical sources from the last decades of the 12th to the 1440-ies.
During the 14th and the first third of 15th century Kuevo had a market and a
mine eleznik. The first Ottoman census of the Smederevo sandjak from
1476/8, noted almost 150 settlements in the nahiye of Kuevo and thus enables
precising its borders. It could be concluded that Kuevo was not situated, as it
had been thought for a long time, in the poorly inhabited mountainous region of
the central and upper flow of the river Pek, but between Avala, the Danube,
Velika Morava, Jasenica and Kosmaj, i. e. between the regions (the lands) of
Mava and Branievo. The last Serbian capital in the Middle Ages, Smederevo,
was built at the territory of Kuevo. The western part of this region was a
mining basin of Avala and Kosmaj with the mines of eleznik and Rudita.
Rudita was situated south of Avala, near todays Ripanj, while eleznik was in
the area of the village of Stojnik at Kosmaj. In this mining basin primarily silver
and lead had been exploited continuously since the ancient times, in Middle
Ages and the period of the Ottoman rule up to the present day. Although in
close administrative, political and church relations with Branievo, (the land of
Branievo) during the Middle Ages, Kuevo kept its uniqueness up to the fall of
Serbia in 1459, although, after the building of Smederevo, the Smederevo vlast
(administrative area) was formed at this territory. In the territories of the
medieval region the Ottomans had formed their nahiye of Kuevo, while
western mining regions belonged to the emperors estate (has), and afterwards to
the nahiye of eleznik.
162
, . XLIX (2002) . 163-182

24. 02. 2003.
: 262. 3 : 281. 96 1739/1834
1739-1834.*
-
-
, -
.
, -
,
1683. 1739. .
1, , -
, -
. -
, , .

,
, -
*
,
(1804-1918). (. . 1435).
1
-
,
, XVIII XIX -
. -
. , , , -

( ),
, .

.2 , -
, -
, ,
XVIIII , -
.3
2
-
, .
, ,
, (Ivan Snhgarov, Istori
na Oxridskata arxiepiskopi - patriari, Soi 1932; Ogla Todorova, Pravoslav-
nata crkva i Blgarite XV-XVIII vek, Soi 1932; Zina Markova, Bgarskoto
ckovno-nacionalno dvijenie do Krimskata voina, Soi 1976; Istori na
Blgari, tom 5, Soi 1985...) -
, Vidinska eparxi, istoriqesko minalo i svremennoto i
sstonie, Soi 1924; . , Istori na grada Vidin i negovata
oblast, Soi 1932, , Limites et Metropolites del' eparcie de Vi-
din an XVIIIe siele, d' apres les documents ottomans, Etudes Balcaniques I, Sofia
2000, 156-166. , ,
,
: Ixqiev D, Imperatorski visoqaii erman, izdaden ot sultan
Osman III na vidinski mitropolit Meleti, Izvesti na Istoriqerskoto drujestvo,
kniga 1, Soi 1905, 117-129; Kabrda I, Dva berata na soiiski i vidinski mi-
tropolit ot prvata polovina na XVIII vek, Izvesti na instituta za Blgarska
istori 7, Soi 1957, 377-404; Isti, Berat vidinskeho metropoleti Josefa z. r,
1763, Vestnik kralovske ~eske spole~nosti nauk I. Praha 1937, 1-7, Miev D,
Oicialni dokumenti ot XVIII v. na Vidinskata eparxi, Crkoven arxiv III,
Soi 1931, 59-73...
, . , ,
, ( -
) . -
1835, -
1833. -
, .
, -
, , -
. . -
, , , -
, -
, .
, , -
, .
3
XVI
, : -
, . -
164
1739-1834
-
1739,
.4 -

. -
,
.
1739, -
IV,
1733.5 , -
, -
, . ,
, , -
1920. , 1933,160; Idem, , -
1995, 84; , I,
1991,308; , XVI XVII , -
III/2, 1993, 39.
(1593-1606),
1594,
. (1683-1699). -
: , 1683,
III/1, 1993, 250-251, 264-265. ,
XVIII , -
, .
: , ,
CLIII, 1933, 106-163.
4
- 1716. 1718,
, ,
.
1737. 1739,
, .
. , 1718-1739, -
IV/1, 1986, 148-150. :
, , -
1950; ,
, LXII, 1904, 114-197.
5
-
: Kabrda I, Dva berata na soiiski i vidinski mitropolit ot prvata polo-
vina na XVIII v, 386-394.
165

IV
, -
.
IV 1754, -
. , -
-
, , -
.6
1755,
, 1763, -
.7
, 1777.
1770. , -
-
.8
, , 1777.
,
, .9 , ,
-
.10
, 1790.
1791. , -
.11 -
27. (8) 1795. ,
.12
6
1740. ,
1733, ,
1739. , -
. -
, 1746. 1752, -
. Lachev M, op. cit., 160-161.
7
Ibid, 161. Ixqiev D, Imperatorski visoqaii erman, izdaden ot sultan Osman III
na vidinski mitropolit Meleti, Izvesti na Istoriqerskoto drujestvo, kniga 1,
Soi 1905, 117-129.
8
Lachev M, op. cit., 161-162. Josef Kabrda, Berat vidinskeho metropoleti Josefa z. r,
1763, 1-7.
9
Lachev M, op. cit., 161-162; Miev D, Oicialni dokumenti ot XVIII v. za Vi-
dinskata eparxi, Ckoven arxiv III, 71-72.
10
Miev D, Oicialni dokumenti ot XVIII v. za Vidinskata eparxi,74.
11
Lachev M, op. cit., 162.
12
Ibid, 163.
166
1739-1834
, , -
-
, .
, -

, , -
.
1836,
, , 1790. 1792, -
, () , -
.13 ,
.
,
, -, -
.
,
. -
, -
- .
, 1798, -
.14
13
1836.
,
, ( -
), 1836, .
,
, 1834.
, .
, -
, . , -
, -
. , , 322/1836.
14
- 1793. -
,
. -
, ,
, 1794-1804, 1949; ,
, V/1,
1981, 7-24; Cuhlev D, Istori na grada Vidin i negovata oblast, Soi 1932; -
, I, 1901; Mutaqieva V, Kriza b Osmanskata
imperi i osvoboditelni borbi v kra na XVIII i na~aloto na XIX v, Istori na
Blgaritom 5, Soi 1985, 161-224...
167

1798. -
. 1801. 15
,
VII -
(-
) , -
.16 -
, -
-
. ,
, , ,
, -
. , ,
, -
- .
, ,
.17

. , -

-18, -
,
.19
15
Lachev M, op. cit., 162; .., op. cit., 37-38.
16
, , -
1909, 39-41. , -
, , -
1798, 1801. ,
, -
. , , 1802, , -
, . Lachev
M, op. cit., 162. .., op. cit., 37-38.
17
, op. cit., 39.
. , -
-
, ,
, -. Lachev M, op. cit., 162-163.
18
, op. cit., 40.
19

(, , ), , ,
, , -
. , , -
, ; Lachev M, op. cit., 164. -
168
1739-1834
-
, -
, , , -
.20
, -
, -
,
, .21
, ,
, , -
.
, , ,
1800. ,
. 1803. -
,
,
, . -
, -
, , -
.22

XVIII
, ,
-
,
. -
, -, ,
. -
,
-
. , -
1739-1804, 2000, 119.
20
Lachev M, op. cit., 169; .., op. cit., 37-38.
21
, op. cit., 40.
22

, , -
. Nadejda Dragova, Posledovateli na Paisii, Soronii Vraqanski,
Istori na Blgari, tom peti, 155-156. -
. : Soronii Vraqanski, Jizneopisanie, Izd. podgot. N. M. Dlevskii - A.
I. Robinson, London 1976. 3/15.
1803, ,
. 1836, 15.
169

. , ,
-
, - , ,
. , ,
, . -
, .
,
, 1801. .
, 1801, , -
.23 , , -
, -
-, . , -
-
, 26. (7. ) 180124,
, ,
.
-
-
, -. -
, 1804. -
. ,
, : 1804. mc}a oktomvri 10, bee ponedelnik,
i narod xristinski bexa na Gazi bair, qistexa xendek. Paa poshqe vladi-
ka Venedik[t] toije utro. Vidin grada arxiepiskopa Venedika Carigradska-
go.25 , ,
. ,
,
, , - , -
, -
.
, -
,
. III
18. (1. ) 1805.26 , , -
, - -
23
24
, , , 1791-1801,
1901, 1901, 129-134; -
, , II, 1990, 315-316.
25
Lachev M, op. cit., 171; Iordan Ivanov, Blgarski starini iz Makedoni, Soi
1970, 271.
26
170
1739-1834
, . ,
1806, -
, , -, -
, .27
, ,
- . -
, -
. 1798, -
- , -
, 1801. ,
-
.
1804, .28
, 1805, , -
, 1806. -
, ,
- . 29 -
1806, -
,
.
-
1806, -
.
-,
1807, , , -.
1807,
-
. ,
() , -
, - .
1810, -
.30
27
Ibid, 164-165; .., op. cit., 38-39.
28

:
, ,
, , I, -
1993, , I, 1901.
29
: , 1804. -
1804-1813, V/1, 1986,25-63.
30
,
, ,
171

, -
.
, de fac-
to . 183631 -
, 1810.
1813. , -
.
. ,
,
28. (12. ) 1808. .
27. (9. ) 1809.
. , 22. (4. ) 1812, -
, -
, . 32 -
, -
, -
, -
. -
, . 1.(13) 1811.
, , , .33
, - -
, 1806.
1807. 1813, -
, , , -
: , I, 1993; ,
II, - 1995; , -
1804. 1804-1813, 25-63; , -
, 1804-1839, , -
4, 2001, 5-54.
31
,
1834, .
, (-
) , ,
.
32
, 12. -
, -
. , -
, , ,
, .
33
, 16.
172
1739-1834
(1802-1814), , ,
.34
1739, 1834,
-
. -
1810. 1813.
. , - -
1800, -
, ,
-
.
, 1808, ,
-, , -
- -
, , -
, .35
, -
,
1809, , -
.36
, -

1834.
, -
,
XIX , - .
, -
, -
, V
(1809-1826), (1826-1830) (1830-1848).
34
- : ,
, 1941; ,
, 15, 1977, 151-160.
35
.
13. 1808. .
. -
, ,
-. , , -
. -

, -
. , I, 265-267.
36
. II, 1991, 301-302.
173

,

.37
, , ,
. 1836, -
. -
1809. , -
(1808), (1813-1833),
(1814-1824, (1824-1830). , , -
, -
1830.

. -
(1813-1833) (1814-1824) (1824-1830).
38 ,
1808, 1809,
1790, 1792. ,
, -
,
, -
, , , -
.
, 1833. .
, -
, -
,
, , , -
. . 39
37
. . , op. cit., 41-42. ,
, 2. 1827,
-
. , , , , XXI-561.
, 1827,
. , ,
XXI-597. ,
.
, Ibid, XXI-551.
38
1805, -
.
. Lachev M, op. cit., 165.
39
- , , 1773-
1774. , , 1767, -
174
1739-1834
1739-1834.

IV 1733-1754.
1755-1763.
1763-1777.
1777-1791.
1790-1792.
1791-1801.
1798-1806.
1800-1803.
1800.
1801-1804.
1805-1809.
V 1809-1814.
1814-1824.
1818-1832.
1824-1830.
1830-1842.
( , -
)
,
1733,
, (Kara lom),
, , .40
, () , . -
, - 1739-1804, 2000, 48.
40
Iosi Kabrda, Dva berata na soiiski i vidinski mitropolit ot prvata polo-
vina na XVIII v, 386-394.
175

, 5.400 ,
.41
, , -
1739, ,
.
,
,
, , .
, 1777,
, , -
, , .42 ,
1777, , , -
, , , , , , ,
.43 -
XVIII ,
1741.
.44
41
Ibid, 387; -
. -
15.000, 12.000 .
15.500 . -
- 1808, -
100.000
,
XVIII , -
, -
1739. . , ,
XL, 1874, 232. , ,
, , , 1739. 1831, -
.
42
1777. Miev D, Oicialni dokumenti ot XVIII v. za Vidinskata
eparxi, Ckoven arxiv III, 62-63.
43
Ibid, 71. , , -
, , ,
.
, ,
, .
44
, -
(1716-1718), 1739. -
, 1741. , 1153. -
(1741), 1741. , -
, . -
, 1741. , iscellanea
176
1739-1834
-
, , -
. , , ,
(ka-
lem-i-piskopos), , ,
, .
je, , -
, -
.45
, ,

. 46
, -
47, 48, 49,
2, 1973, 193-338. , -
, , ,
-
. , -
,
.
45

. ,
(1584-1654), .
, , , -
. , XVII , -
CCCXX, 1980, 141-162. -
, . , .
II, -
1813, .
, -
. ,
, , ,
-, . -
, II 7. 1813. -
, , 1891, 29-33.
46
,
, -
. , -
,
, 1834. ,
. ,
, 322/1836.
177

()50, .51 ,
, (-
)52, .53 -
, .
, -
-
. , ,
.
, .
, -
, ,
. , ,
, . -
, -
, . ,
.
-
, XVIII XIX , : -
, ,
, ,
, -
, .54 ,
,
. XVIII XIX , -
, -
, , -
47
, , , , , , ,
, , , . , -
, 1-3.
48
, , , , , , , , -
, , , , , , , , -
, , , , , ...Ibid,
, , 4-8.
49
, , , ...
. Ibid, , 12-13.
50
, , , , , , ,
, , ... , , 15-16.
51
, , , , , , , -
, , , X, , , ...Ibid,
, 17-20.
52
Ibid, , 14.
53
Ibid, , 9-11.
54
.., op. cit., 27-30.
178
1739-1834
,
.55 1833.
.
, -
XVIII XIX 12 ,
, , ,
. , 12
, , (-
, , , ) -
. -
, -
, , - ,
, , ,
.
, -
.
.56
,
- , -

. , , -
. , -
-
, ,
, -
()
XVIII .57
XVIII -
58, -
55
-
, XVIII, -
XIX .
56
.., op. cit., 26-27.
57

. (,
, ...), . , op. cit., 45.
58
1775,
, , , , . -
,
,
. , III,
1906, 5868, 207.
179

,
, . -
XVIII , ,
-, , -
1802, ,
, Pouqenie i slovoskazani na praznikov Gospodnix, i Mitologi
Sintipa ilozoa. , ,
.59
, -
-
.
, , XVIII XIX ,
, .
,
, , .60 , -
, ,
, .61
59
, op. cit., 157-158. -
, ,
, , ,
. ,
- , , 2001.
60
1779. , ,
-
. , V,
1925, 8530, 199-200. , ,
, , .
, 8533, 200. 1780, -
, . , 8551, 203.
.
, ,
.
Miev D, Oicialni dokumenti ot XVIII v. za Vidinskata eparxi, 57-61.
61
, -
XVI, XVIII , ,
. -
( , , , ,
...), ,
, , , , , -
...). -
. Iordan Ivanov, Blgarski starini iz Makedoni, Soi 1970, 489-524.
180
1739-1834

, -
, ,
.
1834. .
, , , , -
, . -
, -
,
, ,
. -
, -
, .
, 1833, -

,
, 1834.
. , -
,
, ,
, .
, 1739. -
,
. , ,
,
XIX .
, , -
, , .
181

Nedeljko Radosavljevi
The Archbishopry of Vidin (1739-1834)
Summary
The Archbishopry of Vidin, one of the oldest bishoprics in the Balkans,

changed its borders during the time, adjusting geo-political reality. After the
treaty of Belgrade in 1739, by which he Ottoman Empire succeeded to regain
the region south the Sava and the Danube from the Habsburg monarchy, the
regions of Krajina and Klju were returned to this archbishopry, which, had
belonged to the Archbishopry of Beograd and Karlovci, under the Austrian
administration.
Since the Peace of Belgrade in 1834, the territory of Archbishopry of
Vidin remained the same. In the time of Pazvanoglus usurpation in Vidin, the
parts of this Archbishopry were ruled by the metropolitans of Vrace and
Belgrade, while in the town itself the archbishop was Kalinik Samozvanac,
posted illegally. Regular situation was regained after the death of Pazvanoglu in
1807. From 1810 to 1813, a part of the bishopry of Vidin which was a part of
Serbian state, the Belgrade metropolitan ruled again, but it was not confirmed
officially.
After the break of the First Serbian Uprising in 1813, spiritual
authorities of the Vidin archpriests was introduced on the entire territory of the
arhcbishopry. It was to remain so until 1834, when six nahiyes were added to
Serbia The Bishopry of Timok of the autonomous Serbian archibishopry was
made from the part west of Timok, with the seat in Zajear.
182
, . XLIX (2002) . 183-195

21. 02. 2003.
: 341. 18(4:497.11) : 949.711+929

-
. -
,
,
. 1878.
.
,
, -
. -
,
1908. -
1878. . , -
, -
, -
1878. .
, ,
-
. ,
, ,
, 1878. ,
1876. 1878. .
*
,
(1804-1918). (. . 1435).

,
.
,
, -
. -
je, y
, .
, -
-,
-
. , -

,
. - -
1906. -

. A
- 1908. -
, ,
. To je
, , -
, -
.
- -
. , ,
,
- . -
,
.
, -
, ,
, , ,
.
, .
-
, , -
. A y
, ,
, a - -
, , -
, -
.
184

, 1886.
1891. 1897. 1900. , 1900. 1905. ,

-
. 1905. , ,
-
. 1908/1909. , -
, -
-
.
. ,
, , -
.
1908. -
Revue de deux Monde,
Gabriel Hanotaux ce y -
.1 ,
-,
. -
,
.2
, ,
, -
.
. -, ,

.
1875/1878. ,
, -

.
1875. -

.3
.
1876. -
1
. G.Hanotaux, La guerre rasso-turque et le congres de Berlin, Bielefeld und Laeipzig
1921.
2
-, , , . 18, 3. 1909, 273-275.
3
. , , -
, , 1996, 67.
185

.4 ,
( 1876), -
. -
, 1876. , -
, -
. -
- .5 , 1878. , -
. -
. -
" ", -
. 6 -
.
-
.
-
. . -
, , " -
" - .7

" ".8
,
1876/1878. " "
. , ,

,
- -
. -
, , "" -
. " ",
1876. .9 -
-
, -
, - .10 -
4
., I (1838-1880), 1930, 294; . , -
, 1964, 90.
5
. , ,
1968, 88, 90; . , op. cit., 361; . , op. cit., 91, 93, 95.
6
. , op. cit., 91.
7
. , op. cit., 98, 100-101, 104-105; . , op. cit., 108.
8
. , op. cit., 365.
9
. , op. cit., 95.
10
. , op. cit., 323; . , op. cit., 98, 101; . , op. cit., 116-120.
186

,
.11
-
, , --
1885. , -
. , ,
,
. -
1885. , , -
,
, .
,
, , .12
, ,
, . ,
.
-
1896. ,
. -
,
,
-
. -
a -
.
.
, ,
,
.13
-
XIX XX , -
,
, -
.

. -
11
. , op. cit., 365-369.
12
. , - 1885-1886,
XXVII, 1908.
13
(= AC), (= ), -
(= ), 1896, . V, I, . . 1368, . , -
, 26. 1896.
187

-
- ,
.
, - ( )
( ),

. To -

.
. ,
, -

. To
1885. , ,
.14
-
, -
, - -
, -
. 1891. -
, ,
. 1895.

. , , -
--
.
.
, , 1876/1878. -
, -
.15

. ,
-
. - -
, 1898. , , -
, "-
" -, " ",
14
-, , ,
XXVI (1890), 606-619.
15
. , -
1886-1905, 1906, 495-496.
188

,
.16
1901.
. To je
1902. . ,
,
23. . , -
. ,
,
-

, ,
. 17
1903. ,
, -

,
. , -
-
1876. .
" 1876. ,
,

",
1903. .18
- 1904. -

.
-
,
,

1876. , " -
" .19
16
AC, , - (= ), 1898, . VII, 177,
. 159, . - . , 16. 1898.
17
AC, , , 1901, . III, . IV, . . 716, . - .
, 14. 1901.
18
AC, , 1903, , . VI, . VI, . . 2035, . - .
, 12. 1903.
19
AC, , , 1904, , VI, . VII, .. 383, . - . -
, 29. 1904.
189

- 1878. -

. A
.20 -
, , -
-
. A ,
1876. . -
.21
1904.
, -
,
- -
. -
1905. , -
- 1906. ,
- -
Dardanus.
- ,
, -
,
. ,
,
, ,
. , -
" - -
- " ,
-,
-
. - -
. -
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, .
. To je, , -
. -
1878.
20
AC, , , 1904, 93, . . . 664, . - . , -
12. 1904; , , 1904, . VI, . V, . . 536, .
- . , 18. 1904.
21
AC, , , 1905, . I, . V, . . 422, . - . , -
8. 1905.
190

XX
.22

.
,
, -
. -
, , , -
, , -
. -
1908. , , -

. , , -
-
. ,
-
-
.
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1871. , , 1875
, , ,
.23 , -
, -
.24 -
.25
, ,
,
-.26 , , -
, . , -

- 1878.
.
22
Dardanus, , , . 11, , 14. 1906; Dardanus,
, , . 38, 16. 1906.
23
Dardanus, , , . 35, 14.
1908.
24
-
29. , 20. 21. 1908. ., 1909, 29.
25
AC, , . 28, .
26
, 32-33.
191

, ,
. ,
, -

, ,
.27
, 1878. ,
. ,
, , -
. , , ,
. -
-, -

. A , , -
. - -
-
.28
1908. 1909.
-
. - ,
, -
.
. -

, ,
. -
.
-

. 29 -
, 1909. , , -
, -
. " -
-
"30, .
27
Dardanus, , , . 24, 28.
1908.
28
AC, , . 28, .
29
AC, , , 1908, . III, . VIII, . . 3687, . - . -
, 8. 1808 ().
30
Dardanus, , , . 1, 4. 1909.
192

-
. To je -
. .
1875/1878. .
. , ,
, , -
, -
.
-. , , -
, .
. , -
.31
.
1875/1878. -
. , 1875.
-, -
.32 -

-. . , ,
, -
, . -
, .33 To,
, .
-
,
.34

. , ,
, , , -
,
31
Dardanus, ; , . 35, 14.
1908; , , . 13, 13. 1908; . -
, , 1910, 32;
, . 8, 116.
32
AC, , . 29, ; Dar-
danus, , , . 35, 14. -
1908.
33
. , , 72, 96-99.
34
, 33-34.
193

.

.35 ,
.
1875. ,
, , .
, -
.
. -
, ,
1908. .
. , -
, . -
, 1908. , :
1876-1878. ,
1875. , 1976. .36 -

. To cy
-
-
. -
, - 1911. -
.37
, ,
, ,
, . -
, 1912. ,

" ".38 , ,
.
35
-, 1912. -
, ,
" -
". 1903-1914, V, 3,
1996, . . 496, 500.
36
Dardanus, , , . 35, 14.
1908.
37
AC, , . 28, .
38
, 1913, 11.
194

Mihailo Vojvodi
Stojan Novakovi about the Congress of Berlin
Summary
Stojan Novakovi adhered to his interpretations of the Congress of

Berlin and the future of Serbia and Serbian people, until the beginning of the
First World War. In some speeches in the Assembly, on the eve of the Balkan
wars, as well as in some of his articles, he, daringly looking ahead and full of
youthful zeal, explained his visions and defended his convictions about the
future of Serbia and the Serbian people. It could be concluded all he wanted was
to free Serbia from the damnation of the Congress of Berlin. He was turned to
the future, but constantly looking in the past decades. He was still aware of the
Golgotha of Serbia and the Serbian people from 1875, but he considered it an
unavoidable experience and, at the first place, a serious warning. Liberation and
unification of the Serbian people seemed to be finished, but it came out in a
different way. Congress primarily fulfilled aspirations of the great powers,
while Serbia had the worst possible times. Although Serbs thought only of
revision of the Congress of Berlin, to correct the injustice, it came out that in
1908, they were the farthest from it than ever. The Great Powers solved the
Bosnian question on the account of the Serbs. Annexation refuted all hopes that
the powers could change. Novakovi wrote these words on one occasion in
1908: If anyone knew what awaited Serbs after the war for liberation 1876-
1878, they would never have started the uprisings in Bosnia in 1875, and a war
with Turkey in 1876. Such a feeling only strengthened their conviction that
another forms of solution of Serbian question should be sought. It was
supported by more and more frequent voices saying that Austria-Hungary was
to hold strongly spheres of the interest in the Western part of the Balkans and
that the powers would not allow Serbia, nor any other Balkan state to widen its
territories on the account of a possible dissolution of Turkey. Moreover, Italian-
Turkish war of 1911 showed that the division of Turkey was to be completed
excluding the Balkan states. It was on that very occasion when he addressed the
National Assembly and spoke in favor of the Balkan Union, and thus solving of
the Eastern question, and include a considerable part of the Serbian people into
the Serbian state. On the eve of the Balkan war, in October 1912, Novakovi
would from the Assemblys speakers platform show the belief that the new
alliance will take Serbia and the Serbian people to the better future. He was
deeply convinced that it would correct a great injustice made by the Congress of
Berlin to Serbia and the Serbian people.
195
, . XLIX (2002) . 197-220

11. 02. 2003.
: 327(47):949.711+949.71619

XIX
*
-
, -
, -
.
-
, -
(1815), -
, 1.

,
, -
*
,
(1804-1918). (. . 1435).
1
30. 1856. -
. -
-
. .
,
- , -
, -
. ,
XIX , , Tom I, . . ; . . ; . .
, . . ., 646-652. . . ,
(1856) , 1946.

. ,
-
, 2,
,
. ,
,
" " -
.
-
.. 3. -
,
,
,
. , -
,
.
-

. -
, " " -
. -

, -
, , ,
. -
.
, , -
. -
. ,
, -
.

.
.. II -
1856. 1867. .
, ,
2
: . . , .
- , , , 1992, 79-95.
3
.. (1798- 1883) -
15. 1856. -
. . . , . . .
, 1992.209
198

" -
, ,
"4. -
, ,
,
5.
, -
, -
, ,
. -
-
-
, . -
, , " ".
, -
, -
II, -
:" , , -
" " " -
,
" -
, -
"6. -

. -
-
.
, XIX -
-
: , , , -
. -
, -
. -
- ,
- -
4
. . , . . , 18561867 .
, XVIII-
XX , 1982, 153 - 167.
5
Ibid, 170.
6
Ibid.
199

1862 .
-
. ,
, -
.
1866.
, -

7.
-
-
,
-
8, -
.

-
.
II

statusa quo . -
7

. 1866.
, 1867. , 1868. .
,
"
". : . . ,
5070 XIX.. 1970; ,
, ,
1963; . , ,
1977, 79-103.
8
5. 1871.
1. 1871. ,
.
- .
. -
, -
, . . . , . . .
, 220.
200

,
.
"" -
-
, .

-
,
.
,
9,
-. -
10
.
(3/15. 1878)
- - -
, , -
( )
. -
.
-
11,
.
,
,
9
, XIX , 193.
10
(8. 1876) II
,
- . -
statusa quo. , -
, .
, -.
11

1875 . -
-

.
,
, ,

-
.
201

.
, -
12.
,
.
, - ,
- , -
.
. . 1877. -
, -
13.
, ,
,
. -

, .
-
. -
, , (9. -
1877) , -
14.

. -
, -
. 30. 1. 1877.

-
. -
15.
12
24. 1877.
-
, , -
. , "-
( ), -
".
, XIX .
13
. . , 1875-1878 .
1984. 21.
14
Ibid, 22.
15
Ibid, 24.
202

1877, -
, -
. .

, -
, , -
.
-
, "
"16.
, , -

.

. -
, -
. .
. . .
, -
-
.
, , -
( 17/29 1877. II)
; ,
, -
. -
,
-
. -
. -
, "" . -

. -
-
, -,

.
-
1878. -
.
16
Ibid, 25-26.
203

19.
/3. 1878. (24. 4/16.

5/17. 17)
. ,
,
, , -
, , , ,
.
18.
-
-
. ,
, 31.
1877, - -
.
-
- " -
", -
. -
1878.
, 19,
, ,
, -
20.

- -
.
"
17

. : , , -
1878-1918, -
1992. 29-30 110-111.
18
, II, 1989, 120-127.
19
. . , 18751878 , 7879.
20

1878. -
" ", .
204

21".
, -
" ." -
, -

" ", . -
,
.
-, -
- "-
",
.
-
,
, , -
. ,

XIX ;
. -
,
,
. , --
-
. -

.
III
21
:"
".
" ". "-
- (
)
".
"
- ", . . ,
18751878 , 80.
205

-
,
.
-
-
.
-
- -

, -
. , ,
, , -
, -
, ratio legis -
. ,
, -
,
, -
.

de iure -
. -
-
- .

. -
. -
, .22 , -
22
( )
.
, , -
- , , -
. -
, . -

. :
, , 1954, 197; uraj ndrassy, dju-
narodno javno pravo, Zagreb 1984, 66; , , -
, 1986, 47; , -
206

-
,
-
. , -
,
.
. -

,
.
, -
: -
. -
, ,
, -
, .

.23
-
. ,
.

.
-
, -
.
, , -
, -
.
2. -
.24
, -
, -
,
, 1951, . 2, 275.
23
de facto -
. ,
de facto -
, . -
de iure ,
de facto . . , , 201.
24
. , ,
1878/1918, 111.
207

. ,
,
. - -
,
. -
,
- .
-
. -
. , -
- ,

-
.
, ,
. ,

. -

, , .25 -
-
, .

, , , ,
-
. .

, 26. -

25
,

() ,
; ,

. Ibid, 111.
208

26. -
-
, -
.
o 1. 1878,
-
. 26 . 27
, -
, - ,
. -
, , -
-
. , -
,
, -
, -
.
, , -
. ,

.
,
. , , -

. de
facto , -
.
-
,
-
. -
26
: La Sublime
Porte reconnat dfinitivementn lindpendance de la Prinicipaut du Montngro.
Ibid, 127.
27
. 10 (, 1. 1878) o
. 2
( -
). -
,
, -
. Ibid, 119.
209

.
. 1830. -
, -
, . -
, , . -
( -
1835)
,
, , -
.
(tats mi-souve-
rains) -
, .
, , -
.
,
, .
, -
, , -
. ,
,
, -
.28 -
-
.
1/13. 1877,
( ,
) -
, .
. 29 , ,
, -

. , -
,
-
.
-
, o
28
, -
, 1, 1882, 262.
29
, . 31, 1877, 85.
210

30 -
-
.
,
, -
-
. ,
,

.
,
, ,
. -
, ,
-. -
-
. - ,
,
.
. -
. ,
- -

.

.
.

.
-
.31
30
: Lindependence du Montngro est
reconue par la Sublime Porte et par tourtes celles des hautes partiescontractantes qui ne
lavaient pas encore admise.
31

- .
, -
, , -
, -, -
. (. . , -
, 1880-1908 , 1903, 23.) . -
211

. -
27. .32 , -

, . o
-
-

.

-

.33 29.
"
-
-, -
".34
285.000 , ,
-
.
-
, .
" ,
,
, ". ( I
, , , , 1969, 522).
, -
. -
. (
,
1877-1878, : "
1877-1878", 1980, 115.
32
: " -
-
, , -
, ."

. . , . ,
1878-1918, 127.
33
. , , 264.
34
Ibid.
212

, , -
, , ,
, .
, . - -
. , -
, -
,
,
, -
, ,
. ,
, -
1909, (1908).
, ,
.
-
,
.
, -
,
. , , , -
-
.
, ,
- -
, -
,

,
. , -
, ,
, -
, -.
-
34. : "
, , -
."35
, , 35.
, .
35

1. 1887, 1887, 1.
213

. 37.
, ,
, -
. , -
,
,
, -
.36 -
2.

.
.
,
.
,37 .
-
-
. 38. : "
, -
,
."38

, -
, . -
- .
:

. , -
. ,
.
.
-
36
, ,
1965, 18.
37

( ) .
, ,
.
, -
, -
.
38
, 3.
214

. (...)
,
. ,
-
... 39 , -
, ,
. (- 4)

, ,
.40

, -
,
. , ,
: -
, 7. 1870;
-, 6. 1871; , -
, 14. 1871;
, 6. 1873;
, , 18. -
1883. .41 -
9. 1879, -

,

.42
, -
-
,
. -
. , -
, -
.
39
. , , 1989, 50-51.
40

1. 1880. 25. 1883. -
, 1883, 141.
41
. , , 27.
42

1. 1880. 25. 1883, 142.
215

-
, .43
, .
,
-
. -
.
, ,
. -
, -
,
-
. . -
-

.44 -

. -
, -
, -
.
. 26. 35.
: ,
, , , .

, .
, .
43
. 33
, . 62 ,
,
.
44

. -
, ,
.
, , -
, ,
,
. :
- 1800.
1918, 1953.
, -, 1987, . , . -
, 1878-1918, I, 746-754.
216

.
, ad hoc -
-45 -
,46 -
, . -

. -

. -
, -
(1912) -
- . -
1878. -
, .
. -
, 1879.
: , -
, , , -
, , , , .
,
-
, -
, -
.
, --
. -
45
- ( ) - .
-
, . 50- 19.
. -
. -
, -
.
, -
. : . , 1711-
1918, - 1996, 202.
46
a .
. -
.
26. 1830.
. 18 1838. : , -
, 1939, 19.
217

-
. - -
,

. -

. -
,
,
, --
.
-
.
,
, -
, .47
-
-
. -
. -

, , -
, . -
, -
.
,
. , , ,
- -
, -
, -
, -
-
. ,
-
,
-
.

-
. , -
47
, 1860-1915, 1956, 214.
218

, -
, -. -
- -
, , ,
- ,
, , -
.
Radoslav Raspopovi
Aims of the Russian Foreign Policy in the Balkans in the Second Half
of the 19th Century and International and Legal Importance of Decisions
in Saint Stephen and Berlin for Serbia and Montenegro
Summary
The author has divided his article into two parts. The first part has been
dedicated to the aims of the Russian foreign policy in the Balkans in the second
half of the 19th century, where he described the new phase in development of
the Russian foreign policy led by A.M. Gortchakoff. At that moment, Russia
needed to find powerful political ally among the Western-European states and
the central issue of its policy was to reestablish the central position in the
Balkan region.
The second part of the article has been dedicated to the international
and legal importance of decisions taken at the congresses in Saint Stephen and
Berlin for Serbia and Montenegro. Decisions of international recognition of
independence of Serbia and Montenegro determined not only their international
position, but also influenced its internal development. The Great Eastern Crisis
revealed the fact that Russia turned itself toward Bulgaria, as its main political
support in the Balkans. Aiming to create the Greater Bulgaria, Macedonia
included, Russia estranged itself from its war ally Serbia, leaving it to the
political influence of the Austria-Hungary. Conflict of the Serbian and
Bulgarian national and political concept regarding Macedonia, turning of Serbia
toward Vienna, with firm ties of Montenegro to Russia, caused the fact that the
political life in the Balkans remained burdened with many problems and
difficulties, even after the end of the Great Eastern Crisis.
219
, . XLIX (2002) . 221-242
HISTORICAL REVIEW, Vol. XLIX (2002) . 221-242

11. 02. 2003.
: 262. 12(497.11) 13 : 801. 313

1903-1908. *
1903. -
.
-

-
, -
.
. ,
, , , , -
. -
-, ,
-
, , .
XX
.
.
,
,
. , -
Times
1911. ,
*
,
(1804-1918). (. . 1435).

,
, .
, , 1910.
, , -
.1

-
, -
. , -
, -

.2 " -
", "-
".3 -

.4 , -
, -
.5
.
" ",
"
".6
. -
1870. , -
. -

.
, -
,
. -
, ,
, . -

1
J. D. Bourchier, Macedonia, The Encyclopedia Britannica, vol. XVIII, (1911), 216-217.
2
M. Gleni, Balkan 1804-1999, I, Beograd 2001, 165.
3
S. Markovich, British Perceptions of Serbia and the Balkans 1903-1906, Paris 2001, 44.
4
M. S. Anderson, The Eastern Question 1774-1923. A Study in International relations,
London 1966, 268.
5
. , ,
, 1993, 237.
6
F. Schevill, The Balkan Peninsula and the Near East, London 1922, 431-432.
222
...
,
.7 --
1903.
67 3537 ,
568 , -
.
, 1896, -
.
1897. -
.

1897. ,
. --
-
, -
.
.

,
.
. -
. 1893.

, ,
. -
-
.
. , 1894.
, -
, , -
. -

.
, , -

Macedonia. It'Races and their Future. ,
, ,
. -
7
. , , XIX XX ,
", ,
, 1997, 377.
223

. , -
, -
,
.

.
, -
.8 ,

.

, . -
, -
. . -
. -
, .
.

1903. .
-
.9
XX -
.
,
1890. 1920. -
.10
.11 -
8
H. N. Brailsford, Macedonia, Its Races and their Future, London 1906, (= Brailsford,
Macedonia), 121.
9
Ibid, 142.
10
J. Zametica, The Macedonian Question among British Contemporaries: Serbophiles
and Bulgarophiles (1897-1920), : " -
(1878-1923). ,
, 2001, 321-339.
11
-
1903 1914. -
: G. F. Abbot, Macedonia and its Revolutionary Committees, London 1903, 414-
429.; Idem, The Tale of a Tour in Macedonia, London 1903, 45-282.; Idem, Turkey in
Transition, London 1909, 77-199.; K. Blind, Macedonia and Englands Policy, London
1903, 741-755.; J. Booth, Trouble in the Balkan, London 1905, 1-117, 118-280.; H. N.
Brailsford, Macedonia: Its Races and their Future, London 1906.; L. Buxton, The
Black Sheep of the Balkans, London 1920, 94-181.; N. Buxton, Future of Macedonia,
224
...
-
, . 1894.
-
.
1900.
. , The Tale of a Tour
in Macedonia
. -

.

, The Serbian Tragedy with Some Impressions of Macedonia.
-
, .
" -
".12
.
London, s.a.; N. Buxton and C. R. Buxton, The War and the Balkans, London 1915.; C.
T. P. Conwell-Evans, Foreign Policy from a Back Bench 1904-1918, London 1932, 1-
14.; Further Correspondences respecting the Affairs of South Eastern Europe, Turkey,
N3, 1903, 1-96, vol. LXXXVII, London 1903.; G. P. Gooch, and H. Temperley, Bri-
tish Documents on the Origin of the War, 1894-1914, vol. V, The Near East. The Mace-
donian Problem and the Annexation of Bosnia 1903-1908, London 1928.; D. O. Good-
man, The Emergence of the Macedonian Problem and Relations between the Balkan
States and the Great Powers 1897-1903, London 1955.; J. Grant and H. Temperley,
Europe in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries 1789-1950, London 1971, 359-380.;
R. Graves, Storm Centres of the Near East: Personal Memories, 1879-1929, London
1933, 209-251.; E. C. Helmereich, The Diplomacy of the Balkan Wars, 1912-1913,
Cambridge 1938.; E. Hosch, The Balkans: A Short History from Greek Times to the
Present Day, London 1972, 16-142.; D. M. Mason, Macedonian and Great Britain Re-
sponsibility, London 1903.; G. Monger, The End of Isolation: British Foreign Policy
1900-1907, London 1963. 87-158.; F. Moore, The Balkan Trail, London 1906, 252-
280.; D. M. Perry, The Politics of Terror. The Macedonian Revolutionary Movements
1893-1903, London 1988.; C. Price, The Balkan Cockpit, London n.d.; R. Rankin, The
Inner History of the Balkan War, London 1914.; R. A. Reiss, The Comitadji Question in
Southern Serbia, London 1924.; The Macedonian Crisis. Balkan Committee, London
1903.; The Parliamentary Debates (Fourth Series). Volume CXXVIII. 1903.; H. Vivi-
an, The Servian Tragedy with Some Impressions of Macedonia, London 1904, 252-285.;
A. Upward, The East End of Europe, London 1908, 1-49.; L. Villari, The Balkan Que-
stion, London 1905.; S. Watson, The Rise of Nationality in the Balkans, London 1917,
142-284.; R. Wyon, The Balkans from Within; London 1904, 1-200.
12
H. Vivian, The Servian Tragedy with Some Impressions of Macedonia, London 1904,
278-283.
225

, .
.
.
. -
.
-
-
. .
,
. " -
. -
, ."13
1905. -
. , Pictures from the Balkans

. .
.14

-
. -
-
, , ,
.
,

.

-
. -
.
-
.
1904.
, The Balkans from within.
. "-
-
13
Ibid, 253-263.
14
J. F. Fraser, Pictures from the Balkans, London 1912, 3.
226
...
-
".
1903/1904. -
Graphic 1905.
Trouble in the Balkans,
. , -
.
. 15
,
-
. 16 -
15
Ibid, 169.
16
(Henry Noel Brailsford) 25. 1873.
. . -
(1883-1884)
(1885-1890). -
. , 1897.
Scots Pictorial.
.
, The Broom
of the War God (1898). , -
, Manchester Guardian,
, -
. 1899. Morning Leader. -
Daily News. The Star
i The Nation. , 1907. -
. -
: Adventures in Prose (1911), Shelley, Godwin and his Circle
(1913), War of Steel and Gold, Origins of the Great War (1914), Belgium and the Scrap
of Paper (1915). , A Leage of Nations (1917), -
, -
. 1918. -
, . -

: Across the Blocade (1919) After the Peace (1920). -

.
. , The Russian
Workers Republic (1921) How the Soviets Work (1927).
New Leader,
. -
.
1926. .
1932.
227

. ,
, (),
. ,

-
, -
.17 , -
. -

. -
, -
.18

.
, ,
. : " -
.
. -
. . ,
, .
. ,
. , -

. The Reynolds News, The New Statesman -

Tribune. Rebel India (1931)
Property or Peace
(1934), .
New Statesman BBC
, Subject India (1943) Our Settlement with Germany (1944).

. : (The Macedonian Revolt, Fort-
nightly Review, London, September 1903, 428-444.); :
(Macedonia: a Possible Solution, Fortnightly Review, London, October 1903, 638-
646.); : (The Bulgarians of Macedonia: a
Psychological Study, Fortnightly Review, London, June 1904, 1049-1059.);
(A Liberal Policy in the Near East, Independent Review,
London, August 1904, 321-336.); (The Future of Crete, Nort Ame-
rican Review, New York, August 1905, 251-260); (The Greeks in
Macedonia, Contemporary Review, London, October 1905). -
1946. . 23.
1958. .
17
Brailsford, Macedonia. Its Races, 101.
18
Ibid.
228
...
, .
."19
, -
" -
,
-
".20
.
, .
,
, . ,
(,
, ). -
.
, ,
. , -
-

Times- , -
.21
19
Brailsford, Macedonia. 102; The Macedonian Revolt, 439.
20
Brailsford, Macedonia. 103.
21
(James David Bourchier) 1850. -
,
. Trinity Colegge, Dublin, Cambridge.
ton , -
1888. .
, ,
Times-a.
Times .
,
. , ,
. , , , -
, , ,
, .
. -
Times-a , 1892. ,
1895. . Times-a The Fortnightly
Reviews, The Contemporary Review, The Fortnightly Review, The Illustrated London
News, Cornhill Magazine. , -
.

229

. 1900. Times -
. " -
". 1905. -
, , ,
.
, -
. -

.
.
, 12. 1903. ,
. -
. -
. -
.
. -
. 1895.
. .

. 1896. -
, 1897. -
. -
.
1908. , -
.
-
1912. . -
. -
, -

. 1915. ,
Times-a

. 1915.
, , -
.
1920. , 30. . -

. .
. -

.
Encyclopedia Britannica
, , , .
230
...
-
.22
-
1903.

-
.
, , -
, , 1903-
1909. , , , , -
, , .
Times, -
.
3. 1903.
. -
.
. -
.
10.

.

. "

."23 ,
, -
, -
,
.
-
.

.
. :
, . , Daily News-,
, Times-, . ,
Reuteurs, , Daily Maily-a, -
22
R. Cramton, James Bourchier an Apprecation, South Slav Journal, vol. 18, N 3-4, 1997, 96.
23
The Parliamentary Debates, Fourth Series, vol. CXXVII, 1903, London 1903, 695-
697; . -, ,
, , 664 (1963), 1963, 12.
231

, Manchester Guardian-. , -
-
, Our Duty to Macedo-
nia. -
.24 -
-

. , The Ma-
cedonian Relief Committee .

. 1903.
200 .25 -
, -
-
. -
1904, 1905, 1906. 1908. .
-
.
, -
. , -
, ,
1500 4000 -
, . -

. , -
12.
1903.26
-
-
.

-
570 .27 -
-
366 , 203 , .28
24
. ,
, , IV, 1, 1968, 45.
25
Ibid, 46.
26
, , , 1903, -VI, -III, . . 810, --, 30. VII/12. VI-
II 1903.
27
J. F. Fraser, op. cit., 209.
28
, , , 1903, -VI, -IX, . . 6026, --, 5/18. VIII 1903.
232
...
,
.
. -
-
. .
-
,
. 9.
. ,

. 18. -
-

.29

20. 30. 1903. . -

, ,
500-600. 30
,
, ,
-
. 19. 1903.
. . -
, .
-
. ,

.31
.32
-
,
,
29
F. O. 105/149, PRO, N 143, Thesiger to Lansdowne, August 18, 1903.
30
F. O. 105/149, PRO, N 145, 147, Thesiger to Lansdowne, August 20, 30, 1903.
31
, , , 1903, -VI, -III, . . 843, . . --, 6/19. VIII
1903.
32
, , , 1903, . - . , . 14243,
--, 7/20. VIII 1903.; , , , 1903, -VI, -III, . . 868, .
. --, 10/23. VIII 1903.; 20. VIII / 2. IX 1903.; , , , 1903,
. . 645, . . --, 5/18. IX 1903.
233

-
. 30. 1903.

, -
-
.33
, -
, ,
1904. . , ,
6. , -

. , -
, -
.34
-
1903. , ,
.

.", , , .

. .
, -
. -
".35
"
. -
, 60000 100000
."36

.
746 .37 , -
-
-
33
F. O. 105/149, PRO, N 156, Thesiger to Lansdowne, September, 30, 1903.
34
F. O. 105/153, PRO, N 57, Thesiger to Lansdowne, July 10, 1904.; F. O. 105/153,
PRO, N 78,79, Thesiger to Lansdowne, October 17, 19, 1904.
35
. ,
, , 8, 1955, 14.
36
. , 1904 ,
, XXVII, 4, 1980, 75.
37
Brailsford, Macedonia, 155.
234
...
. 12211 , 70000
. 115 , 84000
, 115 . 30000
, 3098 , 176 , 1500 -
, 1900 .38

.
. -
-
, . Daily Maily-, -
,
1904. .
-
1904.
. , -
.39
,

1903.
1905. .
-
. -
-
1904. 1906. . -
, , -
,
.
-
, -
.
3. 1905.

. -
,
-
38
Ibid, 161-166; , ,
. H. N. Brailsford, The
Bulgarians of Macedonia, The Fortnightly Review, vol. LXXV, January to June 1904,
London 1904, 1051.
39
R. Wyon, op. cit., 2-12.
235

. -
, -
. -
-
-
. , -

.40
, -
-
-
. -
-
. , , -
.
,
,

.
1905. -
. -
.
" . , -
, .
.

. -
, . , -
. , , . -
... -
."41 ,
, -
.
-
.
Briton and Turk. -
-
1903. -
40
F. O. 105/153, PRO, N 16, Thesiger to Lansdowne, April 3, 1905.
41
Brailsford, Macedonia, 36-37.
236
...
, .42
. . , ,
, -
-
, . ,
-
, .

.43
,
, . -
II 1903. , -
.
-
-
.

. ,
.
, 24. 1903,
, , -
-
- , -
.
. -

.
, -
.

,
. -
-
, -
.44
42
P. P. Graves, Briton and Turk, London, s. a. 88.
43
F. R. Bridge, From Sadowa to Sarajevo. The Foreign Policy of Austria-Hungary
1866-1914, London 1972, 264.
44
B. D., vol. V, N 20, The Murzteg Programme, Text, October 2, 1903, 65-66.; .
Stojkovi, Balkanski ugovorni odnosi 1876-1996, I tm (1876-1918), Beograd 1998,
240-241.; L. Albertini, The Origins of the War 1914, vol. I. European relations from the
Congress of Berlin to the Eve of the Sarajevo Murder, London 1952, 135-136.; M. S.
237

24. 1903. , -
.45
, -
, -
- , ,
--
. -
, 29. 1903.

, .
-

, .46

- ,
.47 1905.
. -
19. ,
.
, -
. , . -
,
, -
.

, ,
.48
-
.

2. 1903. . -
. -
, -
Anderson, The Eastern Question, 271.; F. R. Bridge, From Sadowa to Sarajevo. The
Foreign Policy of Austro-Hungary 1866-1914, London 1972, 265.
45
L. Albertini, The Origins of the War 1914, 136.
46
B. D., vol. V, N 15, Lansdowne to Plunkett, September 29, 63-64.; . Stojkovi,
Balkanski ugovorni odnosi 1876-1996, I tm (1876-1918), Beograd 1998, 241.
47
. , , 46.; . , -
II (1829-1909), 1984, 28.
48
M. S. Anderson, op. cit., 272.
238
...

. -
, ,
, -
.

, , -
-
.
, 1905. -
. -
,
. , , -
,
1905.
-

.49

1903. , ,
. -

. -
, 1905.
" , , -
, ".50
. -
" 1905. -
: 785 , ,
".51
-

.
4. 1906. . -

. 52
49
F. O. 105/155, PRO, N 21, Blakeney to Lansdowne, May 13, 1905.
50
Documents Diplomatiques Francais VI, N0 13, (DDF).
51
Corespondence Turkey I (1906), N0 59.
52
, , , 1906, -III, -XI, I/6, . . 1124, -, 22.
VI 1906.
239

1907. -
-
.53 -
,
.
. -
13. 1907. , ,
"

".54
.55

-
13. 1908. 29. -
.

1878. . -
, .

. , -
, 27. 1908. -
, .
II -
9. 10. 1908. -
-
. -
.56 , ,
.57
- .
53
B. D., V, N 84, Whitehead to Grey, February 15, 1907, 117-118.
54
B. D., vol. V, N 173, Grey to Goshen, December 13, 1907, 219.
55
B. D., vol. V, N 174, Grey to N. O. Conor, December 13, 1907, 219-220.
56
B.D., V, N 195, Secret, Memorandum by Sir C. Hardinge, June 12, 1908, 237-245.
57
. , , 49.; , -
, 33.
240
...

XX . -
1903.
. -
, ,
,

, -

. -

,
,
.
-
. 1908.
-
- , -
.
-
, ,
.
, -
. ,
.
. -
,

.
,
, . ,
, , -
1908. .
241

Aleksandar Rastovi
Views of Great Britain and Serbia on the Macedonian Problem 1903-1908
Summary
Great Britain was to take more interest in the affairs in Macedonia at

the beginning of XX century. Up to end of September 1903 a strong turcophile
orientation would prevail in its policy towards Macedonia. After the outbreak of
the revolt, under the pressure the public opinion, strong influence of the liberals,
a need to make itself an equal partner with other great powers and because of
the intention to strengthen its interests in Macedonia, the British government
started to press Turkey to adopt necessary reforms and improve position of the
hristian population. As late as 1908 it started to make a turning point in order to
undertake more radical measures, such as support to the autonomy of
Macedonia the meeting of Reval which was not realized due to the outbreak
of Young Turks Revolution. In the First Balkan War, the British politics were
still reserved towards the Serb intentions in Macedonia. Only during the Second
Balkan war, realizing that the Bulgarians were to lose, it came to the Serbian
side and supported its goals.
Serbia favored the uprising in Macedonia. However, official Serbian
policy took a neutral position.
242
, . XLIX (2002) . 243-259

28. 02. 2003.
: 316. 344. 3(497.11) 1914/1918
20.
, , -
. -
.
-
, . , -
, . -
, 1912. 1913. . -
,
. -
, .

.
,
, .
,
.1
,
-
:
1. 1914.
1915.
*
,
19. . (. . 1428).
1
, -, ,
.

2. -
1918. .2
, , -
: , -
, ( )
( ). -
, . -
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.
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1914. , --
.
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3.
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2
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3
- , -
. -
.
244

. .

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-.5
, -
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,

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4
: " . ,
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, 1912-1918, 1977, 87.)
5

: , ,
. , 1915.
,
. , " "" ,
-
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, , .
". ( , 1915, 1975,
31.)
6
, 1914, -
, 1914, 1985, 123.
245

, -
, , , -
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.
, ,
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, .
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, 1918. .
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6-7 , , , ,
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246

. -
, ."7
1916. -
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7
, , -
, , 16. 1917. , , . .. . .
5.777.
8
. . , 1914-
1918, 1986.
9
. , , : -
, LVII (2000), 2002, 201-211.
247

6. 1915. ,
-
, 1. 1916.
. , -
, , -
,
, , ,
.10

- .
,
. -

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.
248

, , -
".11
- -
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, " " /
/ ."12 -
,
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), .
1916. .14 -
: , , -
, , , -
.

,
.
,
. -
, -
, . " -

", -
. -

11
, . -
. 1951, 65.
12
Haus-Hoff und Staata Archiv, Wien, Politische Abteilung I, . 973,
15. 1916.
13
, , 1984, 389.
14
, - , VIII /1168, Statistische Daten uber die Serbische
Intelligenz im Bereiches Militargeneralgouvernement in Serbien.
249

, -
.15
, -
, , -
, . ,
, ,
. "

", .16 -
, .
1916. -
.
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, -

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.
, ,
15
, , I/. 2, , 30. 1916.
16
HHSt, P I, . 975, , 26. 1917, . . 22833.
17
, , VIII /826.
18
Ibid, VII/1435, 1916, .
250

, , .19
, -
, -
,20 ,
.
. -
.
.
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. -
.
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.21
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.22
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.23 -
-
.24
19
, 1916-1918, -
2000.
20
. -
: , , , , ,
, , , , . -
, .
21
. , op. cit., 66-67.
22
Ibid, 130.
23
Ibid, 166.
24
, ,
,
251

.
" ", -
"". -
, . -
. ,
, , -
. , -
.25

.
1915. .
.
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-.27

.
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. ( ,
, 1955, 130)
25
, , VIII /1729, 14. 1918, . 5539 VIII .
26
. , op. cit., 154.
27
Ibid, 156.
252

, .28 -
,
. , . -
.

. : " , , -
. -
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, . /.../

. , , ,
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. 31 , -
.
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. -
-
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.33 " -
" , -
.
-

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28
. , op. cit., 389-393.
29
. , op. cit., 64.
30
, , VII/1499. . . 1014/. 1917.
31
Ibid, VII/9, 9. 1917, . . 824/1917.
32
Ibid, VII/256, , -
.
33
HHStA, P I, . 973, . . . , op. cit, 253.
253

.34
.
: ", -
, , ,
,
".35 -
.
36 ,
. ,
1916. , -
. , -
.
.

,
.
-
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. : " , , '-
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-
: " , , ,
. , , ,
, , -
34
Ibid, P I, 12. 1917.
35
, , , 1918, /, VIII , . V, . . 986, , 1.
1918.
36
. , op. cit., 74.
37
. , op. cit, 391.
38
, 9281, , 99.
254

, !! ,
, , , , -
?!"39 ,
, 6. .
. : " -
, , -
, -
. , -
."40 , "
/.../ ", .
: " . . :
, ."41 -
,
. -
, . -
, 18. 1918. .42
-, -
. ,
. ,
. -
,
, -
. ,
.
" -
" -,43 -
. , -
. -

. 1916.
, -
, : "
-
-
.
, -,
39
Ibid, 103.
40
Ibid, 112.
41
Ibid, 122.
42
Ibid, 133.
43
HHStA, P I, . 974.
255

, . - -
."44 -
- .
" "
, -
-
. .
, , , -
.
, . -

1917. .
.45 , -
.
-

, .

.
-
.
. , -

. - , -
, -
, -
. -
, 1916. .
, , -
-
. (,
) , -
-
. , (-
) .

,
-
. ,
44
Ibid, I, . 974.
45
. , op. cit, 501-502.
256

.
-
. -
.
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. -
, .
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, ,
.
: " ,
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, , , , -
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."46
.
. -
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20. 1916: " -
. -
. /.../
: "" -
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, , , -
, ,
46
, , 1929, 47.
257

- -.47
.
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.

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.
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-
.
,
, .48 -

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,
,
."49
Boica Mladenovi
47
. , , VI/ 2, 1994, 2, 150.
48
. , op. cit, 19.
49
, ?, : , . 2, 1921, 288.
258

Serbian Elite in the First World War
Summary
The article shows the role and the importance of the Serbian elite in an
important historical event such as the First World War. The work is based on
the historical sources preserved mostly in the Archives of Serbia (Funds of
General Military Government and the Ministry of the Interior). Various ways of
engagement of the elite in several phases of the war operation was shown:
during the period of defense, in refuge and during the occupation of Serbia.
Main attention was paid on the period of the occupation and relation of the
Austrian-Hungarian authorities towards the Serbian population, and thus to the
Serbian elite.
259
, . XLIX (2002) . 261-274

24. 01. 2003.
: 949.7 : 930. 1
edomir ANTI
Institut for Balkan Studies
Belgrade
PLURALISTIC APPROACH AND A NEW HISTORY

*
OF THE BALKANS
Pluralism in history could be defined rather as a new historiographic

methodology than a new broad philosophical system. The distinction of Plural-
ism, considering the previous philosophical streams in historiography, was ob-
vious from its beginnings in the early 1980s. Historical Pluralism first appeared
in practice, when it was applied in several historical studies, but the theoretical
shapes and patterns were given only after several years1. The founders of his-
torical Pluralism did not try to develop firm theoretical bases nor to define
standing points, range of interests or possible conclusions, which would be rec-
ommended to historians as better and more secure path towards to the New
History. On the contrary, following recent trends in historiography, they tried
to give a new meaning to some points of the historical structuralism and to re-
define usage of classical narratives. In contrast to previous periods (classical
historicism), theoreticians of Historical Pluralism did not consider the history of
event as a final goal of historians efforts; in addition they have not discarded
the narrative form of historical synthesis (as theoreticians of historical structur-
alism and postmodernism had done). Event and individual thus acquired a role
of creative phenomena2 a common denominator not only in history of an age
and state, but in case of structures as well.
Instead of discussing the standpoints of recent theories, followers of
Historical Pluralism tend to reconcile and unite them3. The eclectic methodol-
*
,
: -
(. . 2165).
1
P. Burke (ed.), New Perspectives on Historical Writing, Cambridge, 1991.; J. Ap-
pleby, L. Hunt, M. Jacob, Telling the Truth about History, London 1994.
2
Burke, pp. 233-4.
3
Burke, pp. 239-40.
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ogy, which was developed, introduced some old methodologies and approaches
to history, as well.4 However, Historical Pluralism should not be understood as
a conservative and uncritical revival of narratives and already abandoned fash-
ions in historiography. When the new methods were adopted, such as the quan-
titative, sociological and economical, pluralistic historians announced a gener-
ally new school in historiography. The first step in that direction was to sum up
the entire historiographical heritage of the 20th century. Ceasing to support un-
conditionally any of the last centurys streams in historiography, the pluralistic
historians started an antiquarian mission, which in historiography happens at the
end of any major period.5
Analysing the nature of those cycles in historiography, Macaulay once
remarked that history starts with world history and ends with essay. Histori-
ans, who were trying to recon6cile the narrative history of events and analytical
survey on the structures, started preparations by all means for a new reevalu-
ation of historical science and searching for the new philosophical and scientific
stream.
The approaches of Pluralism, in their essence, make the question of the
historical methods relative. Its theoreticians, probably unintentionally, were in-
fluenced by the assumptions of Postmodernism, which theory of language ar-
gues that historical texts do not refer to reality and imply that for those reasons
there is no difference between truth and fiction. Michael Foucault was among
the first philosophers who made a further step towards absolute historical rela-
tivism, when he eliminated the author as a relevant factor in the production of
texts.6 The final implication then should be disappearance of meaning from the
text. Without going so far, theoreticians of Historical Pluralism recognized the
relevance of all philosophical and methodological streams in historiography,
trying to evaluate their contribution in reconstruction of the past. Among the
total history of structures and narrative history of events, Pluralistic historians
opted for a total history based on events and structures as well. Their goal was
to establish a comprehensive narrative totality7, which according to their opin-
ion corresponds to the old historiographic forms: history of the nation, state,
statesman, revolution etc.8
4 S
. Schama used the genre of the 18th century chronicles while writing a book on
French revolution, Burke, p. 234 ; S. Schama, A History of Britain, At the Edge of the
World? 3000 B.C.-A.D. 1603, London 2000, Ch.7, The Body of the Queen, p 331.
5
Burke, p 233.
6
G.G. Iggers, Historiography in the Twentieth Century, From Scientific Objectivity to
the Postmodern Challenge, Hanover, 1997, pp. 120-1.
7
Burke, Problems of Expanation, pp. 15-17.
8
Burke, p 17.
262
PLURALISTIC APPROACH AND A NEW HISTORY OF THE BALKANS
Pluralism as historical methodology is especially applicable in the cases

of broad subjects such as those that represent the history of age and entire re-
gions. The History of the Balkans in Modern Times, an example which will be
presented in this essay, is still paradoxically unexplored and unblended topic.9
Nevertheless, while historiographies of the Balkan states during the 19th century
have been developed side by side with the European, the studies of the Balkans
have been neglected by the peninsular historians.10 Many reasons could be men-
tioned as causes for this phenomenon: discontinuity as consequence of frequent
wars, impact of many economic crises, geographical influences and the Bal-
kans ethnic and cultural disunity.
Another very strong factor for the present state of the Balkans studies
is the sense of inferiority, which native intellectual elites always feel while try-
ing to overcome the backwardness and integrate their states and national cul-
tures in the West European Civilization. The topics regarding the Balkans
seemed to them as a new limitation and re-orientalisation of their national pro-
jects, which they would like to see as a part of the broader, European project.11
The question of the Balkan modern history presents several additional
problems. First among them is the ideological issue. Until 1989 the Balkans
was, together with Germany, the region most severely affected with the Cold
War divisions. Before 1945, the peninsula was divided by ethnic wars and parti-
tioned by neighbouring empires. That is why the earliest histories of the Bal-
kans in modern times, which appeared at the beginning of the 1960s, were
written and published in the United States and Britain, rather than in some of
the Balkan countries.
Three syntheses of Balkans history, written in the second half of the
20th century, deserve to be mentioned as a basis for all future efforts for its rede-
fining in the manner of Pluralism. The first was published in 1958, and its au-
thor was Leften Stavrianos, prominent professor at the North-West University
(the USA).12 The Stavrianos history is basically the survey of political history of
the Balkans from the times of the Ottoman conquest until the middle of the 20th
century. The synthesis presented is one dimensional and completely narrative.
In spite of the strictly posed premises in the first chapters of the book, which
present the Balkans in totality, Stavrianos failed to explore and to expose links
and mutual influences among the states and nations of the peninsula. An even
9
An broader survey of the Balkans social history has not been published yet (with ex-
ception of an monograph edited by Richard Clogg).
10
First modern historians of the Balkans were foreigners: Constantine Yirechek (Jire-
ek) who wrote histories of Bulgaria and Serbia in Middle Ages and Leften Stavrianos
who as an American scholar wrote a history of the Balkans since 1453.
11
E. Said, The Orientalism, London, 1984 ; M. Todorova, Imagining the Balkans, New
York, 1994.
12
L. Stavrianos, The Balkans, Since 1453, New York, 1958.
263
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stranger phenomenon is that, while Stavrianos was writing his book in the pe-
riod when the structuralistic historical school was flourishing, he completely
neglected to incorporate the subject of common structures of the Balkans in his
synthesis. However, considering all those disadvantages, The Balkans: Since
1453 in the true sense established foundations for all contemporary histories of
the Balkan in modern times. Stavrianos proposed the first broadly accepted
chronology and defined thematic division of the Balkans history. That was a
significant advance, even if Stavrianos makes it in some degree conditional for
he adopted state history as only regional unit and civil society as a distinctive
phenomenon for the period.
A couple of years after Stavrianos, a structuralistic synthesis of Bal-
kans history was written by Train Stoianovich, another naturalized American
who emigrated from the Balkans.13 Until the late 1990s The Balkans Worlds
had nine editions, and as a result it presents the outcome of Stoianovichs life-
long explorations. The synthesis comprises a detailed historical survey of penin-
sular structures. The author commences with an historical survey related to bio-
sphere and environment and ends with analyse of 20th century economies of
national states on the peninsula. In the synthesis, the author did not include im-
portant outlines from the political and military history of the Balkans nations.
That was the main feature of Stoianovichs methodology: he exposes the analy-
ses of structures and links them with other historical processes only occasion-
ally and in the final stages of synthesis. The Balkans Worlds is broadly com-
posed in chronological terms, too. The presented analyses commence with the
Neolithic period, and especially emphasized cultural history of the Indo-
European ethnicities whose migrations have permanently populated the region
in the period from 1500 BC to AD1400. The economic factor is nevertheless
dominant in Stoianovichs methodology of explanations of the historical proc-
esses. Presented analyses are founded on the opposition of a static developmen-
tal dynamic of the Balkans village and rapid growth of urban centres.14 Only at
that stage, Stoianovich starts the comparative analysis and the synthesis.
Stoianovich establishes comparison between the Balkans structures and social
and anthropological history, thus offering an extensive and complex picture of
its history. The fact that all previously mentioned factors had a common influ-
ence on the course of the 19th and 20th century development suggests that ex-
isted explanations were seriously contested by Stoianovichs conclusions. Ana-
lysing the period during the course of which all societies of the Balkans tried to
integrate and position themselves inside European civilization, the author con-
tributes new explanations and significance to economic disadvantages, which
13
T. Stoianovich, The Balkans World, the First and the Last Europe, New York 1961.
14
Especially imperial capitals from the peninsular peripheries, such as Vienna, Con-
stantinople, and Venice
264
the Balkan societies objectively had. The psychological burden of frustration,

which appeared as consequence, Stoianovich recognizes as a root for character-
istic socio-political phenomena of the peninsular modern history: anti-
modernization movements, and collectivist ideologies. Instead of the periodiza-
tion based on the political history of national states, the author offers a com-
pletely changed framework established on the chronology of six unsuccessful
projects of technological modernization in the period between 1800 and 1960
(or 1991 in the 9th edition). In recent editions of The Balkans Worlds the prob-
lem of new integration of the Balkans societies in a post-industrial society and
impact of environmental problems on the development of its contemporary
states are particularly emphasized. Following the recognizable structuralistic
manner, Stoianovich mostly avoids writing about events and individuals. The
main methodological principle he adopts places them at the service of general
analyses. Although in the 8th and 9th edition of The Balkans Worlds, Stoianovich
like some other Structuralists15 makes one step forward, towards the pluralistic
attitudes. After presenting several events (phenomena) from economic and cul-
tural history,16 he tries to analyze them side by side with broader processes.
Nevertheless, that innovation did not bring general changes to the authors basic
approach. Relation between the Balkans, as European periphery, and neighbour-
ing imperial, economic and cultural metropolis, Stoianovich explains only as
strictly limited to economy and some aspects of culture. Chronological frame-
work that covers four thousand years made advanced intertwining of political,
economic and cultural aspects of the Balkans history unmanageable.17
Stoianovichs total history neglects not only events, but also all aspects
and role of individuals. The authors interests in persons in history are fully
subordinated to the analyses of structures. However, the person in history, as
perceived by Structuralists, is deprived of all hidden characteristics that they
attribute to economic structures. The influence of ideology, state of conscience,
image of the other or outer world is not included in Stoianovichs synthesis.
Maria Todorova, the third historian of the modern Balkans, explores the
sociological aspects and structures of the common conscience. The recent syn-
thesis of her research, which was published under the title Imagining the Bal-
kans, presents broad and skillful historical survey of the state and development
of the Balkans inhabitants self-perception and their mutual perceptions with
15
Like La Roi La Dury in his study Carnival, see Burke, p. 234
16
e.g. Regulation of Danube question in 1858 and 1871, Stoianovich, 319.
17
For those reasons The Balkans Worlds did not find big audience in Serbia. The book
was published four years before the first political history of the Balkans was translated
and for those reason broad topic and brilliant analyses revealed as to complicated for all
readers who did not have considerable pre-knowledge.
265
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other Europeans.18 Todorova in certain degree avoided archives, during her re-
searches, but introduced the numerous sources based on contemporary literature
and art instead. By doing so, she discovered very interesting and important
structures, which have influenced the course of the peninsular history, but had
been neglected previously as popular or even unhistorical. The conclusions to
which the author comes are outstanding: the impact of mutual perception and
stereotypes on political decision-making and even creation of ideologies and
development of sciences appeared as much bigger than it was assumed.19 After
decades of predominantly materialist Marxist and structuralist influence on na-
tive historiography, Todorovas monograph introduced an ideas factor in the
Balkans historiography again. Imagining the Balkans made a great influence on
the contemporary generation of Balkans historians. It could be said even that the
new methodology suppressed any structuralist approach.20 Recent explorations
of the topic also included aspects of popular culture and sports. As happened
before, the original idea gradually started to be a new social science branch and
strays from its original idea of critique and further development of earlier histo-
riographic methodologies. The idea of writing a new history(pluralistic) of the
Balkans again ended in one of the endless disputes between native historians
and sociologists.
It appears as obvious that the posing of the general framework for new
history of the Balkans, presents a very complicated task, in spite of broad re-
searches, which were already pursued, and monographs which were published.
At the very beginning of the task, an historian, however well prepared, would
face many obstacles. If one tries, for an example, to revive some old historical-
literary genre, as a kind of pattern for a new historical synthesis,21 he would
probably entirely fail, for there was no common genre which could be attributed
to all nations of the Balkans. The first generation of educated historians from
the Balkans was raised abroad and the classical historicism that they adopted
presented integration of the national historiographies into European, rather then
a first step in creating a genuinely different historiography.22 Searching for com-
mon characteristics of the Balkans national histories would be even less
successful especially if it would appear as an attempt for incorporation of the
historical role of gender or language research results.
18
M. Todorova, Imagining the Balkans, New York, 1996.
19
Todorova started to work on her book after a prominent member of the US admini-
stration had highly praised and even initiated re-publishing of an propagandist pamphlet
from the Second Balkans War inspired with xenophobia, Todorova, p.4 .
20
V. Goldsworthy, Inventing Rurithania, London 1997.
21
Burke pp. 234, 239.
22
G.G Iggers, pp 27-29
266
For all those reasons, one pluralistic history of the Balkans should be
established on very firm and well defined thematic and chronological frame-
works. The survey of the modern peninsular history should encompass the past
of the Balkan states, but also the history of the neighbouring empires of which
the influences in historical processes were in many cases decisive. So, the influ-
ence of pluralistic historiography would be expressed in synthesis subdivisions.
The history of the Balkan states and societies would be then analysed through
history of the structures, gender, language and ideology.23 As another dimension
of the historical events in the survey of broadly understood political history, a
summary based on the patterns of total history should follow. The accepted line
of analytical process explanation would be from the general to the individual
and in reverse. For an example: nation people citizen; and then: human
(gender) community country; and would end with the religion/ideology
culture science.
Only after applying this or similar methodology, one pluralistic history
of the Balkans could manage to reconcile, unify and present histories of the Bal-
kan nations, which, however different, developed in the same region and
suffered similar influences. The important factor is also an almost always ne-
glected fact that the outer world perceived and treated the Balkan nations and
their countries as one totality until our times. Such proposed thematic frame-
works would also enabled one hidden characteristic of the political and social
history of the peninsula to be expressed. The history of smaller states and ethni-
cal minorities, which had more important influence on the historical develop-
ment of the Balkans than development of their sub-regions, was underestimated
not only in national historical synthesis, but in some excellent histories of the
Balkans, as well.24
The exact chronological framework deserves the same significance as
the thematic. The chronological borders could turn out to be the only limitations
for the too generally established and too broadly defined goal. As history of the
modern Balkans could be perceived (for reasons of difficult emancipation of its
societies and obstacles in its economic development) as chronology of moderni-
zation projects, the process of modernization could be a distinctive factor for
any firmly proposed chronological division. As the obvious lower chronological
limit appears the beginning of national revolutions in the 19th century. The na-
tional liberation of the Balkans Christians was the beginning of their first inte-
gration into modern Europe. However, the next problem is to choose the year
23
For the example word constitution (ustavor huriet) in the language of the differ-
ent ethnicities of the Balkans has completely different etymological origin.
24
In his recent political history of the Balkans Pavlowitch gave an example of Jewish
majority in Salonika and neglected entire history of Montenegro, S. K. Pavlowitch, A
History of the Balkans, London 1999.
267
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and event, which would be generally recognized as the turning point of peninsu-
lar history. Among many possible solutions25, the most appropriate seems the
year of 1774 when the Balkans for the first time became the subject of interna-
tional agreements and a battlefield of three neighbouring empires.26 The decade
that preceded the French revolution is convenient for at least one additional rea-
son. That was a period of the highest peak of the Enlightenment and by that
stage the first native, foreign-educated, intellectuals started to return to their
homelands. If we take the year when the process of liberation from the yoke of
foreign empires began as the lower chronological border, then the choice of the
upper date will be very logical. 198927 as an end of ideological empires and fate-
ful division not only in the Balkans, but in Europe and the World, as well, pre-
sents the solution that could hardly be contested.28
Dates of the national revolutions could be proposed as an internal
chronological subdivision29, combined with dates decisive for relations and in-
tegration within West Europe.30
This proposed chronology could be reconciled with an absence of nar-
rative in analyses of structures or completely thematically distinctive studies of
gender or of some historical aspects of language. Any of the sub-periods pro-
posed present new and independent phases in the evolution of society and de-
velopment of its structures. As perceived, every period should be examined and
evaluated from the point of view of the above mentioned philosophical and
methodological streams.
What would have been the effect of that kind of approach looked like, if
applied to the individual case and its contribution to the history of the Balkans?
The first period of the history of modern Greece seems a good example.
That period largely coincides with the reign of its first monarch, king Otto
(1831-1863), and the initial stage of analysis could be established as a combina-
tion of political and prosopographic analysis. As significant cases, at this place
25
e.g. 1804. the Serbian Revolution; 1821. the Greek Revolution; 1789. the French
Revolution etc.
26
It was Peace in Kutjuk-Kainardji by which provisions Russia gained authority to in-
terfere in internal affaires of the Ottoman Empire as protector of the Balkans Chris-
tians.
27
2000 in case of Serbia.
28
It coincides also with Eric Hobsbawn perception of the 20th century, as the short cen-
tury.
29
:1804. the Serbian Revolution, 1821; the Greek evolution, 1848; the Romanian, 1876.
Easter uprising in Bulgaria, 1878: The Albanian Awakening and 1908 Young Ottoman
Revolution.
30
Berlin Congress system from 1878, the final stage of national liberation of the Bal-
kans 1913, integration in the Paris Peace Congress system 1919 and reintegration in
politically polarized World in 1945.
268
could be pointed out and presented some sociological or cultural events, for ex-
ample: the first coronation of a modern ruler31 of Greece, promulgation of the
first state constitution, the 1843 coup,32 the period of English and French na-
vies occupation of Piraeus (Athens harbour)33. Then, by the already proposed
schedule, would follow the history of its people. At this stage, the phenomena
of particularity, regarding the other nations of the Balkans, should be empha-
sized. Good examples for this are relations between commerce and agriculture
which were completely different in Greece, than in any other country or region
of the Balkans. By analyzing the individuals, the characteristics of everyday
life, customs and its heritage in politics, the mutual relations between the indi-
vidual and community would be presented in the final synthesis.34
The second line of the analysis would be focussed on the person, but
not primarily as political individual. The most important part there could be the
role of gender and especially the advantages and disadvantages of the backward
society in the case of the individual emancipation.35 An overview of the histori-
cal development of notions about gender and public perception of labour from
the times of Ottoman rule up to the first stage of industrialization of the country
could be placed on that stage as a link between individual and community. As a
distinctive phenomenon of the Greek community the overpopulation of the ag-
ricultural land could be explored, process of economic emigration to the USA
and the influence of it on the political history of Greece in the period since the
1850s.
The third line of the analysis could be interpreted with a case study,
which would present characteristic relations between a deeply religious society,
founded on traditions of the Byzantine Empire, where Church and State were
united, and the liberal spirit of institutions organized after 1831. Nevertheless
modern Greece was established on the patterns comparable to any contemporary
German secular and Protestant principality. That phenomenon would be pre-
sented as starting point, instead as a conclusion in the analysis proposed. On the
other hand, this problem is linked with an already analysed question: why the
same kind of emancipation has not happened with state institutions i.e. what
were the causes that state had been emancipated from spiritual power, before
31
Basileus, like Byzantine Emperors.
32
When strange Bavarian guardianship over Greece was abolished.
33
As a case study on Greeks relations with foreign countries.
34
Typical example: first medical dossiers of Greece citizens; tradition and electoral
abuses during Kolettis governments; traditional polities as forerunners of the modern
Greek state or relation between rural society and an urban and foreign monarch.
35
Two examples should be confronted here: common citizen and prominent politician:
for the e.g.: a significant example could be the royal couple, for queen Amelia had sig-
nificant influence on king Otto and much bigger roll in public life than laws have al-
lowed.
269
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than citizens were emancipated through democratic institutions. The relations

between agriculture and industry as an entirely structuralistic analysis could be
examined on that stage. It is obvious that the mutual influence between political
and economic processes present a logical circle.36 The chapter would explore
roots of the question: why the economy of Greece was lagging behind, and links
between a shortage of cultivable soil (as a hidden motive) and the broad nation-
alistic programme, known as The Great Idea (of Greece on two continents
and five seas). The section about culture and education would form part of a
synthesis already summarized of all previously presented sections.
From the opposite side of the chronological line another significant
model for a broader framework on a new history of the Balkans could be the
case of the recent history of Serbia, which was a very interesting exception in
the reintegration process in which all states of the region were involved since
1989. The isolation, or self-isolation, under which Serbia came, was partly a
product of previous history as perceived by its political elite and popular cul-
ture. A proposed pluralistic approach for those reasons could be accomplished
with the addition of methodological perspective, which Richard Price proposed
in his History of Poland.37 In the last section, the exposed framework would
be employed there as well, but after every phenomenon, presented and exam-
ined in the chapter, is explained with taking into account the background of
processes and their direct and indirect influences during the 1990s. There were
the numerous and various legacies, which encumbered Serbian society during
the period. Among the most important were: the legacy of civil society decline
(during the period from the 1930s to 1960s), the legacy of totalitarian ideolo-
gies (in the period from the 1930s to 1980s), the legacy of deideologization
and the legacy of destratification. However, at that stage a methodological prob-
lem appears while analysing Serbian society in the 1990s. During this period
society was in a state of deep crisis. For these reasons many possible examples
may be considered; individuals and their influence on historical process or some
typical event, as an instrument for broader conclusions; these could not be as
precise indicators as they would have been during some peaceful period. This
problem could be solved by introducing some sociological analysis and quanti-
tative methods, but also by parallel analyses of known and unknown individu-
als, for example: lives, political and social influences of a certain politician (e.g.
Slobodan Miloevi) and an ordinary blue-collar citizen; or between a folk-
singer and university professor.38
36
The entire idea of Annalists was based on that.
37
Burke, p 239.
38
For the workers and peasants were the formally privileged part of the previous So-
cialist society. The newspaper Naa Borba (The Our Struggle) published some la-
bours diaries during the highest peaks of the crisis in 1993/4 and 1997/8.
270
In further analysis of the individual citizens role in creation of a new

dictatorship, upsurge of nationalism and wars would be presented, but it also
should comprise the integration of the individual in civil society during its de-
cline, the conditions of individual political rights and the state of parliamenta-
rism during the dictatorship. The point of view of gender studies could be espe-
cially useful for the periods in which the legal equality of sexes was promoted
as an important part of the regimes policy (1945 and 1989). The position of
culture and science in Serbian society during Milosevis era would be not only
the auxiliary survey that could serve as an independent method for measuring
the magnitude of the decline, but also the indicator which presents the reflective
influences between countrys political elite and intellectuals. Almost the same
methodological question arises considering the influence of religion on the pro-
gress of crisis: how it is possible to describe a modern society in which only
15% of members were religious39 in which at least two interethnic wars during
the 1990s were perceived as religious?
Selected models, presented above, seem at least as fragments, which

could not likely be integrated in a broader synthesis, as it is a history of the Bal-
kans. Problems of synthesis and explanation were recognized as the most sensi-
tive aspects of the pluralistic approach by many authors.40 Considering the prob-
lem of explanation one not so exact approach was proposed. So, in search for
common features of the Balkan history a broad cultural framework could be
adopted.41 That methodological approach proposed by Michael Cammen, pre-
sents cultural history as a possible base for overall pluralistic synthesis of his-
torical processes.42 However, longing for a completely common historical sur-
vey of the modern Balkan history could deceive its future writers. A general
history of the Balkans in modern times could be only presented as a broad con-
clusion or lowest common container constructed considering the real nature of
the peninsular history. A pluralistic approach in any case contrives that kind of
synthesis, which could present a common history of the region, without neglect-
ing the distinctive nature of four religions and six cultural models, which flour-
ished in the Balkans during the last two centuries. Of course the history of at
least a dozen nations or ethnicities, which differences have shaped the Balkans
to the form it has at present, should not stay out of sight as well. The fact is that
39
Even during the late 1980s, when, after fall of the Real-Socialism, religion became
some sort of fashion.
40
Burke, pp. 19-20, Appleby, Hunt pp. 11-2.
41
Burke, p.19.
42
Pierre Bourdieu raised an argue that habitus of a particular social ground, set by the
culture, provides the framework, broad enough to comprise all aspects of history,
Burke, p 19.
271
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the Balkans are still disunited, and the everlasting problem of all synthesis of its
history is not to violate the historical explanations for the sake of historical ar-
gumentation which usually appears as relatively unstable. However, as it was
mentioned before, the pluralistic synthesis does not exclude any possible contri-
bution to its final survey. Even Postmodernism, as defined by Alun Munslow,
presents no treat to the study of the past for it offers the opportunity to redefine
what we do and broaden the scope of our activities43.
At last there is an entirely local obstacle for successful synthesis of the
Balkan history. National historiographies since the Enlightenment have devel-
oped and established interpretation of the peninsular history completely centred
on the national state.44 Nevertheless, history is, as Lowenthal remarked, fre-
quently less than the past45, implying that, under the influence of some recent
synthesis and common perception of the past, the historian could neglect the
impact of entire states and even civilizations which have diminished until his
time. Seeking for thematic unity of the topic, historians of the Balkans could
commit another mistake by limiting their researches to the Balkans. Thus, only
a few studies on the modern Balkans history include analyses of complex links
and mutual influences between the peninsula and the rest of Europe.46
A New History of the Balkans, written on the firm patterns of many dif-
ferent methodologies (invented or developed during the 20th century) could sur-
pass obstacles of national historiographies and complexes of the periphery. In-
volved in the process of education it could, at least for a while, eliminate politi-
cal and ideological influences from historical education. Illusions of national
superiority and exclusiveness, or the tremendous desire of generations of Bal-
kan inhabitants to be part or even a better part of Europe, at last returned as an
influence on history. During the last years of communism in Yugoslavia, Bul-
garia, Romania and Albania that process of vulgarization of popular historical
43
A. Munslow, Introduction, History in Focus Autumn 2001, http://www.history.
ac.uk/ihr/Focus/Whatishistory, visited, 3.January2002).
44
For these reasons some historians, like S. K. Pavlowitch, were careful when proposed
order of appearance even in chapters of acknowledgements of their books, Pavlowitch,
p. 319.
45
D. Lewental, The past is Foreign Country, Cambridge 1985, p. 214.
46
Some of the authors, like Kaplan, (R.D., Balkan Ghost, A Journey Through History,
New York, 1994), even were trying to detect certain roots of several world-wide proc-
ess, such are World Wars in the Balkan history. While forgetting that political and intel-
lectual development of the Balkans states have been always highly dependent on influ-
ences from West Europe and America, V. Damodran, Empires and Images, History of
European Ideas, Volume 27, Issue 2, http://www.bristol.ac.uk/is/ informationgate-
way/electronicjournals/reportByTitle?searchterms=History+of+European+Ideas, visited
2. January. 2002.
272
perception could even be denominated as a general decline of historiography.47

Under the influence of structuralism and Postmodernism, local historians
adopted new topics and in many cases lost their readership. Pluralism as an ap-
proach could contribute to a further reunification of Balkans historical topics
and reestablishment of links between historians and their readership.

, -
,
.
,
XX -
(Bruke), (Appleby), (Hunt) (Jacob),
. -

,

,
; je
. ,

.
LITERATURE
1 Appleby, J. Hunt L., Jacob, M. Telling the Truth about History, London
1994..
2 Bruke P., ed., New Perspectives on Historical Writing, Cambridge 1991..
3 Clogg R., Balkan Society in the Age of Greek Independence, London 1981.
47
For the circulation number of historical books and monographs decreased and pub-
lishing of uncritical and even mythological histories have flourished during the period.
The main points of the argument were the Medieval glory in Serbia and Bulgaria, Illyr-
ian origins of Albanians, Roman origins of Romanians and exclusiveness of Greeks.
273
edomir ANTI
4 Damodran V., Empires and Images, History of European Ideas, Volume 27,
Issue 2, http://www.bristol.ac.uk/is/informationgateway/electronicjournals/re-
portByTitle?searchterms=History+of+European+Ideas
5 Goldsworthy V., Inventing Rurithania, London 1997..
6 Iggers G., Historiography in the Twentieth Century, From Scientific Objectiv-
ity to the Postmodern Challenge, Hanover 1997.
7 Kaplan R.D., Balkan Ghost, A Journy Through History, New York 1994.
8 Lewental D., The past is Foreign Country, Cambridge 1985..
9 Munslow A., Introduction, History in Focus Autumn 2001. http://www. his-
tory.ac.uk/ihr/Focus/Whatishistory
10 Pavlowitch S. K., A History of the Balkans, London 1999..
11 Said E., The Orientalism, London 1984..
12 Schama S., Citizens, A Chronicle of the French Revolution, London 1989..
13 Schama S., A History of Britain, At the Edge of the World? 3000BC-AD
1603, London 2000.
14 Stavrianos L., The Balkans, Since 1453, New York 1958..
15 Stoianovich T., The Balkans World, the First and the Last Europe, New
York 1961,1994.
16 Todorova M., Imagining the Balkans, New York 1994..
274

, . XLIX (2002) . 275-278
HISTORICAL REVIEW, Vol. XLIX (2002) p. 275-278

28. 02. 2003.
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UDC 93/99 YU ISSN 0350-08202

JOVANKA KALI, VASILIJE KRESTI, RADO LJUI,

TIBOR IVKOVI, Ph.D.

Boica Mladenovi, ivana Terzi Worrior of Drina ............................................. 275

(in Constantinopoli nato), .

A Campaign against Dalmatia of the Bulgarian Emperor Samuel

From south-Dalmatian sources, primarily Chronicle of the Priest of

. J. Gelchich-L. Thallczy, Diplomatarium Ragusanae, 724.

24, 3/96 33 (.XXXI .195 ). -

About Dmitar Kraljevi

14. 15. . Antonius quon-

IL VESCOVO DI CATTARO MARIN CONTARENO

Quando, allinizio del 1429, mor il vescovo di Cattaro, Secundo Nani,

: 1 G(ospod) vzns s na n()b()sa da pstit mirovi

STFAN V RO[ GOSPDIN() V SE SRBSKE

23 iStlp (47) i t[r]g Stlp; i zait Stlp;

: 1 Gospod vzns s na Nbsa da pstit mirovi

Stfan Kral ro{, Gospdin v s Srbske zml i

: 1 Pon` izvoli bl(a)gy i ~l(o)vkolbivy, C(a)r

STEFAN VO HR(I)STA B(O)GA BL(A)GOVRNY URO[

30. dogd god Dbrovnik dr`i Ston

: 1 Mno c(a)re c(a)r()stvt. i silni vlasti

M(I)L(O)ST B(O)@[I] G(OSPODI)N SRBLM()

: 1 Mno care carstvt i silni vlasti

Milost bo`e Gospodin Srblm dspot Stfan

The Medieval Charters in the Archive of the Savina Monastery

, : La structure de l`habitat bulgare

Relevance of the Ottoman Census Books as the Historical Sources

Between hardly available documents of the Ottoman provenience,

Kuevo and eleznik in the Light of the Ottoman Census Books

The medieval region of Kuevo was mentioned in the Serbian and

The Archbishopry of Vidin (1739-1834)

The Archbishopry of Vidin, one of the oldest bishoprics in the Balkans,

Stojan Novakovi about the Congress of Berlin

Stojan Novakovi adhered to his interpretations of the Congress of

. The Reynolds News, The New Statesman -

Views of Great Britain and Serbia on the Macedonian Problem 1903-1908

Great Britain was to take more interest in the affairs in Macedonia at

Serbian Elite in the First World War

PLURALISTIC APPROACH AND A NEW HISTORY

Pluralism in history could be defined rather as a new historiographic

Pluralism as historical methodology is especially applicable in the cases

the Balkan societies objectively had. The psychological burden of frustration,

than citizens were emancipated through democratic institutions. The relations

In further analysis of the individual citizens role in creation of a new

Selected models, presented above, seem at least as fragments, which

perception could even be denominated as a general decline of historiography.47

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