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Stress6 - ht08 Mohrs Circle PDF
Stress6 - ht08 Mohrs Circle PDF
Zavatsky
HT08
Lecture 6
Mohrs Circle for Plane Stress
Transformation equations for plane stress.
Procedure for constructing Mohrs circle.
Stresses on an inclined element.
Principal stresses and maximum shear stresses.
Introduction to the stress tensor.
1
Stress Transformation Equations
y
y y1
yx y1 y1x1 x1y1 x1
y
xy x1
x x
x x
xy x1 y1x1
yx x1y1
y1
x + y x y
x1 = + cos 2 + xy sin 2
2 2
x1 y1 =
( x y )
sin 2 + xy cos 2
2
If we vary from 0 to 360, we will get all possible values of x1 and x1y1
for a given stress state. It would be useful to represent x1 and x1y1 as
functions of in graphical form.
2
To do this, we must re-write the transformation equations.
x + y x y
x1 = cos 2 + xy sin 2
2 2
x1 y1 =
( x y )
sin 2 + xy cos 2
2
( x1 avg ) 2 + x1 y12 = R 2
which is the equation for a circle with centre (avg,0) and radius R.
4
Sign Convention for Mohrs Circle
y1
y ( x1 avg ) 2 + x1 y12 = R 2
y1 y1x1 x1y1 x1
x1 2
avg x1
x
R
x1 y1x1
x1y1
y1 x1y1
x1
c
R
xy
A (=0)
avg
x
x1y1
7
Stresses on an Inclined Element
1. On Mohrs circle, measure an angle 2 counterclockwise from
radius cA, because point A corresponds to = 0 and hence is
the reference point from which angles are measured.
8
y
B yx
y1 y
xy
x
x x
B (=90)
xy A
E (+90) 2+180 yx
-x1y1
x1
x1y1 c
D ()
y
R 2 y1
y1 y1x1 x1y1
A (=0) x1
E x1
x1 D
x
x1 y1x1
x1y1
x1y1 y1
9
y
Principal Stresses B yx
y
xy
x
x x
B (=90)
2p2 xy A
yx
1 x1
2 c
2p1 y
R
2
A (=0)
P2 1
p2
p1 P1
x
1
x1y1 2
10
Maximum Shear Stress y
B yx
y
xy
B (=90) x x
x
min xy A
2s yx
2 1
c
B
50 MPa R
B (=90)
y
80 MPa x 80 MPa
A (=0)
2 1
y
22 c
54.6 MPa R
21 B (=90)
100.5
o 84.6 MPa
84.6 MPa x
10.5o
2
54.6 MPa
13
50 MPa
2 2 = 21.0
2 s min = (90 21.0) = 69.0
y
s min = 34.5
80 MPa x 80 MPa
taking sign convention into
min account
25 MPa
50 MPa
A (=0) 2
2smin
y 22 c
15 MPa R
15 MPa B (=90)
2smax
o
55.5
x
-34.5o
max 2 2 = 21.0
15 MPa
15 MPa 2 s max = 21.0 + 90 = 111.0
s max = 55.5
69.6 MPa
14
Example: The state of plane stress at a point is represented by the stress
element below. Find the stresses on an element inclined at 30 clockwise
and draw the corresponding stress elements.
50 MPa
x1 = c R cos(22+60)
y1 = c + R cos(22+60)
y C ( = -30) x1y1= -R sin (22+60)
80 MPa x 80 MPa x1 = -26
y1 = -4
-60 x1y1= -69
A (=0)
25 MPa
50 MPa
y1
y 22
4.15 MPa B (=90)
25.8 MPa
D
-60+180
o x
-30
25.8 MPa D ( = -30+90) 2
4.15 MPa C x1 = -30
68.8 MPa 2 = -60
15
Principal Stresses 1 = 54.6 MPa, 2 = -84.6 MPa
But we have forgotten about the third principal stress!
1 = 54.6 MPa
2 = 0 MPa
A (=0)
3 = -84.6 MPa
1 and 3
1 and 2
2 and 3
16
3
1 1
3
3 3 2 1
1 1
3
1 1
3
17
y
The stress element shown is in plane stress. B yx
What is the maximum shear stress? xy
y
x
x x
B xy A
yx
3 2 1
x1
2
max(1,2) = 1
2
A 3 2
max(2,3) = 2 =
2 2
1 3 1
overall maximum max(1,3) = =
x1y1 2 2
18
Introduction to the Stress Tensor
y
yy
yx
xx xy xz
yz
xy
zy yx yy yz
xx xx x
zx xz zx zy zz
zz
Normal stresses on the diagonal
z Shear stresses off diagaonal
yy xy = yx, xz = zx, yz = zy
19
From our analyses so far, we know that for a given stress system,
it is possible to find a set of three principal stresses. We also know
that if the principal stresses are acting, the shear stresses must be
zero. In terms of the stress tensor,
xx xy xz 1 0 0
yx yy yz 0 2 0
0
zx zy zz 0 3
20
Example: The state of plane stress at a point is represented by the
stress element below. Find the principal stresses.
50 MPa
x xy 80 25
y M = =
80 MPa x 80 MPa yx y 25 50
We must find the eigenvalues of
25 MPa
50 MPa
this matrix.
80 25 x 0 134.6 25 x 0
= =
25 50 y 0 25 4.64 y 0
80 54.6 25 x 0 x = 0.186 y
=
25 50 54.6 y 0 0.186
is one eigenvector.
1
22
80 25 x 0 4.6 25 x 0
= =
25 50 y 0 25 134.6 y 0
80 (84.6) 25 x 0 x = 5.388 y
=
25 50 (84.6) y 0 5.388 is the other eigenvector.
1
Before finding the angles at which the principal stresses act, we can
check to see if the eigenvectors are correct.
54.6 0 0.186 5.388 80 25
D = C = M =
0 84.6 1 1 25 50
D = C 1M C
C 1 =
1
AT where A = matrix of co - factors
det C
1 0.179 0.967
C =
0.179 0.033
23
0.179 0.967 80 25 0.186 5.388 54.6 0
D = =
0.179 0.033 25 50 1 1 0 84.6
D = RT M R
0.983 0.183 80 25 0.983 0.183
D =
0.183 0.983 25 50 0.183 0.983
84.6 0
D =
0 54.6
y
54.6 MPa
So, the transformation equations,
o 84.6 MPa Mohrs circle, and eigenvectors all
100.5
give the same result for the principal
84.6 MPa x
10.5o stress element.
54.6 MPa
25
Finally, we can use the rotation matrix approach to find the stresses
on an inclined element with = -30.