Thursday, March 26, 2015

Bab 1: TeganganBidang

(Plane Stress)
xy = yx
xz = xz
yz = zy

y
zy
z

yz
zx

yx
Y

xy

This state of stress in

called triaxial

xz

General three dimensional state of stress.

In plane stress, two faces of the cubic element are free of stress.
It is conventional to assume the stress-free faces to be the front and the back faces of the
cubic element.
There for z = zx= zy = 0
y
yz = xy
xy

yx

An examples of plane stress we can see as follows

F1

F2

P
P

Bahan kuliah anas lanjut Prof.Dr.-Ing. Johannes Tarigan

1

MT

EQUATIONS FOR THE TRANSFORMATION

OF PLANE Stress

xy

dA.Cos

dA

xy
yx
y

dA.Sin

Equilibrium equation :

X =

x.dA - x(dA. Cos ) Cos - xy (dA. Cos ) . Sin

- y(dA. Sin ) Sin - xy(dA. Sin ) Cos = 0

Y =

xy .dA + x(dA. Cos ) . Sin - xy (dA. Cos ) . Cos

- y(dA. Sin ) Cos + xy(dA. Sin ) Sin = 0

x = x. Cos2 + y. Sin2 + 2 xy. Sin . Cos

xy = - (x-y) (Sin . Cos ) + xy (Cos2 - Sin2 )
1 + Cos 2
1 Cos 2
: Sin2 =
2
2
Sin 2 = 2 Sin . Cos

Using the trigonometri relations : Cos2 =

Cos 2 = Cos2 - Sin2

we have :

x =

x+ y + x- y . Cos 2 + xy.Sin 2
2

+
xy = - x 2 y . Sin 2 + xy. Cos 2

Contoh soal:
Suatu pelat tipis dengan dimensi 150 mm dan 75 mm dilas (weld) seperti gambar dibawah,
hitunglah tegangan geser dan tegangan tarik pada las tersebut.

Disesuaikan dengan rumus

Y
dA.Cos

xy

X
x

dA

xy
yx
dA.Sin

75
150

= 26,56

Didapat tegangan Normal

, = 0,32
Sedangkan tegangan geser
= ,

Prinsipal Stresses

x =

x+ y
+
2

x- y . Cos 2 + xy.Sin 2
2

dx = d x+ y
2
d
d

+ x- y
2

. Cos 2 + xy.Sin 2 ) = 0

- (x- y) .Sin 2 + 2 xy.Cos 2 = 0

It can be solved for as

2 xy
tg 2p = -
x
y
the angle p call be called principal planes.
we can also interpretive with this figure

xy
2 p
x- y
2

tg 2 p =

2 xy
x- y

MAXIMUM SHEAR STRESS

xy = -

x- y . Sin 2 + .Cos 2
xy
2

- (x- y) Cos 2 - 2 xy.Sin 2 = 0

dxy
d
=
d
d

tg 2s =

- x- y
2

x- y
2 xy

. Sin 2 + xy.Cos 2) = 0

the angle which define the maximum shear stress.

x- y
2

2 s

xy

tg 2s = -

x- y
2 xy

Mohrs circle for Plane stress Analysis

x - x +y =
2
xy = -

x -y . Cos 2 + .Sin 2
xy
2

x -y . Sin 2 + .Cos 2
xy
2

x - x +y
2

+ (xy -0)2 =

x -y

+ (xy)2

(x - ave)2 + (xy - 0)2 = R2

(x - a)2 + (y - b)2 = r2

(y, xy)

ave

(x, - xy)

a = ave
b=0
r=R=

x -y
2

+ (xy)2

xy

xy

+
How to draw the mohr circle ?

x
xy
y

Step :
1. Write down the two stress coordinates X,Y to be plotted.
X = (x,xy) ; Y = (y, - xy)
2. Determine the center C of the circle from
C=

x+ y
2

ave=

Where C is always on the horizontal axis

3. Sketch the circle using points X, Y, and C, as shows in figure bellow.

S
X
X

2s
2p
P2

P1

Y (y, - xy)

4. Determine the radius R of the circle by observing from circle that

2
2
R = CD + XD

Tg 2 s

CD
=
XC

Tg 2 p

XD =
CD

Contoh soal :

9.000

24.000

N
Cm2

N x
Cm2

xy

24.000

9.000

yx

max

N
Cm2

N
Cm2

max
Cara I :

max :

2 yx
tg 2p = x- y
2p = 36,80

18.000
2 . 9000
= 0,75
=
24.000
24.000 - 0
p = 18,4

x+ y + x- y . Cos 2 + xy.Sin 2
=
2
2

max

18,40

max =

24.000 + 0 24.000 + 0 . Cos 36,8 + 9.000 . Sin 36.8

+
2
2
N

= 27.000 /cm2

max :
x- y - 24.000 - 0 =
= - 1,33
2 . 9.000
2xy

tg 2 s =

2 s = 53.10

max =

x- y . Sin 2 s + .Cos 2 s
xy
2

0
0
= - 24.000 - 0 . Sin 53,1 + 9.000 . Cos 53,1
2

= 15.000 /cm2

Cara II : Lingkaran Mohr

(N/cm2)
max.

X (24.000, 9.000)

2 s

Y (0,9.000)

2 p

X=

Y=

(N/cm2)

max.

xy

(24.000,

9.000)

- xy

(0,

-9.000)

10

R = CD2 + XD2
= 122 + 92 = 15.000

OC = ave= 24.000 + 0
2
= 12.000

max. = 15

N
Cm2

max. = OC + R
= 12 + 15
= 27
tg 2s =

CD
=
XD

12
9

2s = 53.10
tg 2p =

XD
=
CD

9
12

2p = 36.80

11

PLANE STRAIN
(Regangan Bidang)
Y 2

Y
x

dy

dx

xy

y.dy

y
1

x.dx
x
= x
dx
x = x. dx

y
= y
dy
y = y. dy

d = 1 + 2 + 3
d = x . dx . Cos + y . dy . Sin + xy dy
d
d
d
x = dL = x. dx . Cos + y. y . Sin + xy. y . Cos
d
d
d

dx
= Cos
d
dy
= Sin
d
x = x. Cos2 + y. Sin2 + xy. Sin . Cos
Using trigonometric relation

x =

x+ y
x- y . Cos + xy . Sin 2
+
2
2
2
12

1 =

x.dx . Sin
d

2 =

y.dy. Cos
d

1 =

xydy. Sin
d

1 = x. Cos . Sin ;2 = y. Sin . Cos ;3 = xy. Sin2

= - 1 + 2 - 3
= - (x y) Sin . Cos - xy . Sin2)

d
+ 900

+ 900 = - (x y) . Sin ( + 900 ) . Cos ( + 900 ) - xy . Sin2 ( + 900 )

Using the Trigonometric :

Sin ( + 900 ) = Cos

Cos ( + 900 ) = - Sin

+ 900 = (x y) . Cos . Sin - xy . Cos2

xy = - + 900 = - 2 (x y) Sin . Cos + xy . (Cos2 - Sin2)

Using the Trigonometric identities :

Cos2 =

1 + Cos2
2

Sin2 =

1 - Cos2
2

Sin . Cos =

Sin2
2

13

xy = (x y) Sin 2 + xy . Cos 2

Prinsipal Angle p :
xy
tg 2p = x y

The angle assosiated with the maximum shen stain is

tg 2s = -

x y
xy

Morhs circle for plane strain

1. X = (x, - xy ) ; Y = (y,
2

2. C = ave =

- xy
2

xy )
2

x+y
2

3. Gambar titik X, Y dan C

4. R = CD2 + XD2
xy

/2

(y, xy )
2

S (ave, max )
2

D
C
2 p

XD
=
2 p =
CD

X (y, -

xy
)
2

xy
xy
2
x-y = x-y
2
14

x= 400 ;
y= 300 ;
xy= 600

xy
2
600
2
xy
2
600
2

x
X=

(400,

y
Y=

(300,

Y (300, 300)

2 p

X (400, - 300)

350

C = ave =

x-y
400 + 300
2 =
2

= 350

15

Kesimpulan :

Plane Stress :

x-y

x+y

x-y

x-y

max =

max = -

2
2
+ (xy)

+ (xy) = R

2
2

2
+ (xy)

Plane Strain :

+
1,2 = x 2 y
max =
2

x - y
2

x - y
2

xy
2

xy
2

Soal-soal
16

Soal 1: Diketahui seperti gambar dibawah. Hitunglah dan dimana = 300

= 5

=3 N/mm2

=10
N/mm2

=3
0
O

105
2

y' =

10+5
2

cos (2*30)+3.sin(2*30)= 8.85 N/mm2

10 (5)
60 + 3. 60 = 4 /2
2

Soal 2:
3.2 Mpa

= 165
Y
8 Mpa

= 15

X
=

8 + (3.2) 8 (3.2)
+
2 165 + 0 = 7,68
2
2
8 (3.2)
=
330 + 0 = 1.20
2

Soal 4:

17

10 MPa

4 MPa

=
+

()

=
=

= , , = + , + . = .
Atau
+

= . , = + . + . = .
= ,

=
, + , = . . =

= ,
=

, + , =

160,6

70,6

1.4 Mpa
11,4 Mpa

Soal 5:
18


= 100

= 100

= 200

= 200

= 100

= 45o

Tentukan tegangan

dan tegangan geser

=

Didapat = 250Mpa

+
+
2 + 2
2
2

=
Didapat = - 50 Mpa

2 + 2
2

Tentukan tegangan maximum/prinsipal stress dan tegangan geser maximum/maximum

shear stress.
Menentukan tegangan maximum
2 =

= 2, 2 = 63,46 , dengan demikian didapat = 261,8034

Mpa
Kalau dihitung tegangan geser dengan sudut 2 = 63,460 , maka tegangan geser adalah
nol
Menentukan tegangan geser maximum

= 0.5
2
Didapat 2 = 26,5785 maka tegangan maximum didapat = 111.8034 Mpa
2 =

Soal 7:
19

Sebuah tangki baja dengan radius dalam 600 mm, tebal pelat 16mm, mempunyai tekanan
(gauge pressure) p =1750 kPa dan axial force F = 125 kN. Sudut pengelasan 54
derajat.Tentukan tegangan normal yang terjadi tegak lurus pengelasan. Tentukan tegangan
geser yang terjadi pada pengelasan.

125 kN

125 kN
Tegangan normal
F 125
125kN
kN

2073
2073kPa 2.07 MPa
A 2rt 2 (0.6m)(0.016m)
m2
pr (1750kPa)(0.6m)
0 i
32800kPa 32.8MPa
2t
2(0.016m)
h 2 o 2 * 32.8 65,6MPa

20

 X =-2.07+32.8=30.7MPa

36
54
4

y =65.6 MPa

Dimana = 36o
30.7 65,6 30.7 65.6
x

cos 72 0 42.76MPa
2
2

xy

30.7 65.6
sin 72 0 16,6MPa
2

16,6MP
a
42.72MPa

21

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