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Chapter 12
Multiple-Choice Questions
Answer: A
Topic: Concept 12.1
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
2) What is a chromatid?
A) a chromosome in G1 of the cell cycle
B) a replicate chromosome
C) a chromosome found outside the nucleus
D) a special region that holds two centromeres together
E) another name for the chromosomes found in genetics
Answer: B
Topic: Concept 12.1
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
3) Starting with a fertilized egg (zygote), a series of five cell divisions would
produce an early embryo with how many cells?
A) 4
B) 8
C) 16
D) 32
E) 64
Answer: D
Topic: Concept 12.1
Skill: Application/Analysis
Answer: A
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Topic: Concept 12.1
Skill: Application/Analysis
Answer: B
Topic: Concept 12.1
Skill: Synthesis/Evaluation
6) How do the daughter cells at the end of mitosis and cytokinesis compare
with their parent cell when it was in G1 of the cell cycle?
A) The daughter cells have half the amount of cytoplasm and half the
amount of DNA.
B) The daughter cells have half the number of chromosomes and half the
amount of DNA.
C) The daughter cells have the same number of chromosomes and half the
amount of DNA.
D) The daughter cells have the same number of chromosomes and the same
amount of DNA.
E) The daughter cells have the same number of chromosomes and twice the
amount of DNA.
Answer: D
Topic: Concepts 12.1
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
The lettered circle in Figure 12.1 shows a diploid nucleus with four
chromosomes. There are two pairs of homologous chromosomes, one long
and the other short. One haploid set is symbolized as black and the other
haploid set is gray. The chromosomes in the unlettered circle have not yet
replicated. Choose the correct chromosomal conditions for the following
stages.
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Figure 12.1
7) at prometaphase of mitosis
Answer: B
Topic: Concept 12.2
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
Answer: E
Topic: Concept 12.2
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
Answer: C
Topic: Concept 12.2
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
10) Which term describes centrioles beginning to move apart in animal cells?
A) telophase
B) anaphase
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C) prometaphase
D) metaphase
E) prophase
Answer: E
Topic: Concept 12.2
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
Answer: D
Topic: Concept 12.2
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
Answer: B
Topic: Concept 12.2
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
13) If cells in the process of dividing are subjected to colchicine, a drug that
interferes with the functioning of the spindle apparatus, at which stage will
mitosis be arrested?
A) anaphase
B) prophase
C) telophase
D) metaphase
E) interphase
Answer: D
Topic: Concept 12.2
Skill: Application/Analysis
Answer: D
Topic: Concept 12.2
Skill: Application/Analysis
Figure 12.2
15) If the cell whose nuclear material is shown in Figure 12.2 continues
toward completion of mitosis, which of the following events would occur
next?
A) cell membrane synthesis
B) spindle fiber formation
C) nuclear envelope breakdown
D) formation of telophase nuclei
E) synthesis of chromatids
Answer: D
Topic: Concept 12.2
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
Answer: B
Topic: Concept 12.2
Skill: Application/Analysis
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17) If there are 20 chromatids in a cell at metaphase, how many
chromosomes are there in each daughter cell following cytokinesis?
A) 10
B) 20
C) 30
D) 40
E) 80
Answer: A
Topic: Concepts 12.1, 12.2
Skill: Application/Analysis
The data were obtained from a study of the length of time spent in each
phase of the cell cycle by cells of three eukaryotic organisms designated
beta, delta, and gamma.
18) Of the following, the best conclusion concerning the difference between
the S phases for beta and gamma is that
A) gamma contains more DNA than beta.
B) beta and gamma contain the same amount of DNA.
C) beta contains more RNA than gamma.
D) gamma contains 48 times more DNA and RNA than beta.
E) beta is a plant cell and gamma is an animal cell.
Answer: A
Topic: Concept 12.2
Skill: Application/Analysis
Answer: D
Topic: Concept 12.2
Skill: Application/Analysis
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20) Where do the microtubules of the spindle originate during mitosis in both
plant and animal cells?
A) centromere
B) centrosome
C) centriole
D) chromatid
E) kinetochore
Answer: B
Topic: Concept 12.2
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
Answer: E
Topic: Concept 12.2
Skill: Application/Analysis
22) Cytokinesis usually, but not always, follows mitosis. If a cell completed
mitosis but not cytokinesis, the result would be a cell with
A) a single large nucleus.
B) high concentrations of actin and myosin.
C) two abnormally small nuclei.
D) two nuclei.
E) two nuclei but with half the amount of DNA.
Answer: D
Topic: Concept 12.2
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
23) Regarding mitosis and cytokinesis, one difference between higher plants
and animals is that in plants
A) the spindles contain microfibrils in addition to microtubules, whereas
animal spindles do not contain microfibrils.
B) sister chromatids are identical, but they differ from one another in
animals.
C) a cell plate begins to form at telophase, whereas in animals a cleavage
furrow is initiated at that stage.
D) chromosomes become attached to the spindle at prophase, whereas in
animals chromosomes do not become attached until anaphase.
E) spindle poles contain centrioles, whereas spindle poles in animals do not.
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Answer: C
Topic: Concept 12.2
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
24) The formation of a cell plate is beginning across the middle of a cell and
nuclei are re-forming at opposite ends of the cell. What kind of cell is this?
A) an animal cell in metaphase
B) an animal cell in telophase
C) an animal cell undergoing cytokinesis
D) a plant cell in metaphase
E) a plant cell undergoing cytokinesis
Answer: E
Topic: Concept 12.2
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
25) Taxol is an anticancer drug extracted from the Pacific yew tree. In animal
cells, taxol disrupts microtubule formation by binding to microtubules and
accelerating their assembly from the protein precursor, tubulin. Surprisingly,
this stops mitosis. Specifically, taxol must affect
A) the fibers of the mitotic spindle.
B) anaphase.
C) formation of the centrioles.
D) chromatid assembly.
E) the S phase of the cell cycle.
Answer: A
Topic: Concept 12.2
Skill: Application/Analysis
26) Which of the following are primarily responsible for cytokinesis in plant
cells?
A) kinetochores
B) Golgi-derived vesicles
C) actin and myosin
D) centrioles and basal bodies
E) cyclin-dependent kinases
Answer: B
Topic: Concept 12.2
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
Answer: C
Topic: Concept 12.2
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
Answer: E
Topic: Concept 12.2
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
Answer: D
Topic: Concept 12.2
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
Answer: D
Topic: Concept 12.2
Skill: Synthesis/Evaluation
31) Measurements of the amount of DNA per nucleus were taken on a large
number of cells from a growing fungus. The measured DNA levels ranged
from 3 to 6 picograms per nucleus. In which stage of the cell cycle was the
nucleus with 6 picograms of DNA?
A) G0
B) G1
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C) S
D) G2
E) M
Answer: D
Topic: Concept 12.2
Skill: Application/Analysis
32) A group of cells is assayed for DNA content immediately following mitosis
and is found to have an average of 8 picograms of DNA per nucleus. Those
cells would have __________ picograms at the end of the S phase and
__________ picograms at the end of G2.
A) 8; 8
B) 8; 16
C) 16; 8
D) 16; 16
E) 12; 16
Answer: D
Topic: Concept 12.2
Skill: Application/Analysis
33) The somatic cells derived from a single-celled zygote divide by which
process?
A) meiosis
B) mitosis
C) replication
D) cytokinesis alone
E) binary fission
Answer: B
Topic: Concept 12.2
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
34) Imagine looking through a microscope at a squashed onion root tip. The
chromosomes of many of the cells are plainly visible. In some cells,
replicated chromosomes are aligned along the center (equator) of the cell.
These particular cells are in which stage of mitosis?
A) telophase
B) prophase
C) anaphase
D) metaphase
E) prometaphase
Answer: D
Topic: Concept 12.2
Skill: Application/Analysis
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35) In order for anaphase to begin, which of the following must occur?
A) Chromatids must lose their kinetochores.
B) Cohesin must attach the sister chromatids to each other.
C) Cohesin must be cleaved enzymatically.
D) Kinetochores must attach to the metaphase plate.
E) Spindle microtubules must begin to depolymerize.
Answer: C
Topic: Concept 12.2
Skill: Synthesis/Evaluation
Answer: B
Topic: Concept 12.2
Skill: Synthesis/Evaluation
Answer: D
Topic: Concept 12.2
Skill: Application/Analysis
38) What is the most probable hypothesis about these intermediate forms of
cell division?
A) They represent a form of cell reproduction which must have evolved
completely separately from those of other organisms.
B) They demonstrate that these species are not closely related to any of the
other Protists and may well be a different Kingdom.
C) They rely on totally different proteins for the processes they undergo.
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D) They may be more closely related to plant forms that also have unusual
mitosis.
E) They show some of the evolutionary steps toward complete mitosis but
not all.
Answer: E
Topic: Concept 12.2
Skill: Synthesis/Evaluation
39) Which of the following best describes how chromosomes move toward
the poles of the spindle during mitosis?
A) The chromosomes are "reeled in" by the contraction of spindle
microtubules.
B) Motor proteins of the kinetochores move the chromosomes along the
spindle microtubules.
C) Non-kinetochore spindle fibers serve to push chromosomes in the
direction of the poles.
D) both A and B
E) A, B, and C
Answer: B
Topic: Concept 12.2
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
Answer: D
Topic: Concept 12.2
Skill: Synthesis/Evaluation
Answer: B
Topic: Concept 12.2
Skill: Synthesis/Evaluation
42) The research team used the setup to study the incorporation of labeled
nucleotides into a culture of lymphocytes and found that the lymphocytes
incorporated the labeled nucleotide at a significantly higher level after a
pathogen was introduced into the culture. They concluded that
A) the presence of the pathogen made the experiment too contaminated to
trust the results.
B) their tissue culture methods needed to be relearned.
C) infection causes lymphocytes to divide more rapidly.
D) infection causes cell cultures in general to reproduce more rapidly.
E) infection causes lymphocyte cultures to skip some parts of the cell cycle.
Answer: C
Topic: Concept 12.2
Skill: Synthesis/Evaluation
Answer: B
Topic: Concept 12.3
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
Answer: A
Topic: Concept 12.3
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
45) What causes the decrease in the amount of cyclin at a specific point in
the cell cycle?
A) an increase in production once the restriction point is passed
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B) the cascade of increased production once its protein is phosphorylated by
Cdk
C) the changing ratio of cytoplasm to genome
D) its destruction by a process initiated by the activity of its complex with a
cyclin
E) the binding of PDGF to receptors on the cell surface
Answer: D
Topic: Concept 12.3
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
Answer: A
Topic: Concept 12.3
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
47) Which is a general term for enzymes that activate or inactivate other
proteins by phosphorylating them?
A) PDGF
B) MPF
C) protein kinase
D) cyclin
E) Cdk
Answer: C
Topic: Concept 12.3
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
Answer: A
Topic: Concept 12.3
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
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49) Which of the following is a protein synthesized at specific times during
the cell cycle that associates with a kinase to form a catalytically active
complex?
A) PDGF
B) MPF
C) protein kinase
D) cyclin
E) Cdk
Answer: D
Topic: Concept 12.3
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
Answer: E
Topic: Concept 12.3
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
51) Which of the following triggers the cell's passage past the G2 checkpoint
into mitosis?
A) PDGF
B) MPF
C) protein kinase
D) cyclin
E) Cdk
Answer: B
Topic: Concept 12.3
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
Answer: E
Topic: Concept 12.2
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
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53) DNA is replicated at this time of the cell cycle:
A) G0
B) G1
C) S
D) G2
E) M
Answer: C
Topic: Concept 12.2
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
Answer: B
Topic: Concept 12.3
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
Answer: A
Topic: Concept 12.3
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
56) The cyclin component of MPF is destroyed toward the end of this phase:
A) G0
B) G1
C) S
D) G2
E) M
Answer: E
Topic: Concept 12.3
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
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Figure 12.3
Answer: D
Topic: Concept 12.2
Skill: Application/Analysis
Answer: A
Topic: Concept 12.2
Skill: Application/Analysis
Answer: B
Topic: Concept 12.2
Skill: Application/Analysis
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60) Which number represents the point in the cell cycle during which the
chromosomes are replicated?
A) I
B) II
C) III
D) IV
E) V
Answer: B
Topic: Concept 12.2
Skill: Application/Analysis
61) MPF reaches its threshold concentration at the end of this stage.
A) I
B) II
C) III
D) IV
E) V
Answer: C
Topic: Concept 12.3
Skill: Application/Analysis
Answer: C
Topic: Concept 12.3
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
63) Proteins that are involved in the regulation of the cell cycle, and that
show fluctuations in concentration during the cell cycle, are called
A) ATPases.
B) kinetochores.
C) centrioles.
D) proton pumps.
E) cyclins.
Answer: E
Topic: Concept 12.3
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
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64) The MPF protein complex turns itself off by
A) activating a process that destroys cyclin component.
B) activating an enzyme that stimulates cyclin.
C) binding to chromatin.
D) exiting the cell.
E) activating the anaphase-promoting complex.
Answer: A
Topic: Concept 12.3
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
Answer: E
Topic: Concept 12.3
Skill: Application/Analysis
Answer: B
Topic: Concept 12.3
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
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Answer: E
Topic: Concept 12.3
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
Answer: E
Topic: Concept 12.3
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
Answer: C
Topic: Concept 12.3
Skill: Application/Analysis
Answer: B
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Topic: Concept 12.3
Skill: Synthesis/Evaluation
71) Cells from an advanced malignant tumor most often have very abnormal
chromosomes, and often an abnormal total number of chromosomes. Why
might this occur?
A) Cancer cells are no longer density dependent.
B) Cancer cells are no longer anchorage dependent.
C) Chromosomally abnormal cells can still go through cell cycle checkpoints.
D) Chromosomally abnormal cells still have normal metabolism.
E) Transformation introduces new chromosomes into cells.
Answer: C
Topic: Concept 12.3
Skill: Synthesis/Evaluation
72) Besides the ability of some cancer cells to overproliferate, what else
could logically result in a tumor?
A) metastasis
B) changes in the order of cell cycle stages
C) lack of appropriate cell death
D) inability to form spindles
E) inability of chromosomes to meet at the metaphase plate
Answer: C
Topic: Concept 12.3
Skill: Synthesis/Evaluation
Self-Quiz Questions
Answer: B
Answer: A
3) A particular cell has half as much DNA as some other cells in a mitotically
active tissue. The cell in question is most likely in
A) G1
B) G2.
C) prophase.
D) metaphase.
E) anaphase.
Answer: A
4) One difference between cancer cells and normal cells is that cancer cells
A) are unable to synthesize DNA.
B) are arrested at the S phase of the cell cycle.
C) continue to divide even when they are tightly packed together.
D) cannot function properly because they are affected by density-dependent
inhibition.
E) are always in the M phase of the cell cycle.
Answer: C
Answer: C
Answer: E
Answer: A
Answer: B
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