ENGI 8673 Subsea Pipeline

Engineering

Lecture 17: On-Bottom Stability

Shawn Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.

Assistant Professor
Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science
Memorial University of Newfoundland
spkenny@engr.mun.ca
Lecture 17 Objective
to examine on-bottom stability of pipelines

2 2008 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng. ENGI 8673 Subsea Pipeline Engineering Lecture 17
On-Bottom Stability
Design Requirements
Limit pipeline movement from as-installed
position
Extreme loading conditions

Vertical Stability
Flotation and sinking
Lateral Stability
Vertical and horizontal current and wave
forces

3 2008 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng. ENGI 8673 Subsea Pipeline Engineering Lecture 17
DNV RP F109
Harmonize
DNV OS-F101
Design Method
Calibrated safety
factors
Expand Application
10 pipe diameter displacement
Additional Requirements
Dynamic analysis

4 2008 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng. ENGI 8673 Subsea Pipeline Engineering Lecture 17
Safety Philosophy DNV RP F109
LRFD Approach
Absolute Stability Criterion
Calibrated partial safety factors for acceptable
failure probabilities using reliability methods
Other Design Criteria
Safety level based on engineering judgment
to accepted engineering practice

5 2008 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng. ENGI 8673 Subsea Pipeline Engineering Lecture 17
Vertical Stability
Ref: Cathie et al. (2005)

Sinking (Liquid
Lines)
Specific
submerged
weight > soil
Conditions
Soil bearing
resistance
Soil
liquefaction

6 2008 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng. ENGI 8673 Subsea Pipeline Engineering Lecture 17
Vertical Stability (cont.)
Floatation (Gas Lines)
Specific submerged weight < soil
Cathie et al. (2005) SG = 1.5-1.7
Conditions
Jetting (trenching)
Soil liquefaction Ref: Schupp et al. (2006)

7 2008 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng. ENGI 8673 Subsea Pipeline Engineering Lecture 17
Vertical Stability (cont.)
Weight Calculation
Nominal wall thickness
Unless gross wall thickness reduction exists
Pipeline contents
Minimum Ref: DNV RP-F109

nominal
mass
density

8 2008 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng. ENGI 8673 Subsea Pipeline Engineering Lecture 17
Lateral Stability
Z

Pipeline Motion
U
Hydrodynamic forces
Conventional Design FL

Philosophy
Submerged weight
(lateral resistance) FD
W
Uo
> Driving forces zo
FI

Adequate safety Ffr

margins
N

9 2008 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng. ENGI 8673 Subsea Pipeline Engineering Lecture 17
Wave Theory

Ref: wavcis.csi.lsu.edu/ocs4024/ ocs402403waveHydrodynamics.ppt

10 2008 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng. ENGI 8673 Subsea Pipeline Engineering Lecture 17
Wave Theory (cont.)
Ref: wavcis.csi.lsu.edu/ocs4024/ ocs402403waveHydrodynamics.ppt

11 2008 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng. ENGI 8673 Subsea Pipeline Engineering Lecture 17
Wave Theory
(cont.)

Ref: wavcis.csi.lsu.edu/ocs4024/ ocs402403waveHydrodynamics.ppt

12 2008 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng. ENGI 8673 Subsea Pipeline Engineering Lecture 17
Wave Theory (cont.)

Ref: wavcis.csi.lsu.edu/ocs4024/ ocs402403waveHydrodynamics.ppt

13 2008 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng. ENGI 8673 Subsea Pipeline Engineering Lecture 17
Equilibrium Conditions
Z

Horizontal Force
Equilibrium U

FD + FI Ffr W sin = 0
FL

Vertical Force
Equilibrium
FD
Limited embedment Uo
W
FI

N + FL W cos = 0 zo
Ffr

14 2008 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng. ENGI 8673 Subsea Pipeline Engineering Lecture 17
Horizontal Equilibrium
Z

Level Seabed
= 0
U

(W FL ) ( FD + FI )
FL

1.1

FD
W
Uo
FI
zo
Ffr

15 2008 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng. ENGI 8673 Subsea Pipeline Engineering Lecture 17
Effective Velocity
Z

Reference Level
U
1m above seabed
1
z 7
U (z ) = U o
FL

zo
1
Ue = ( z ) dz
2
U FD
D D Uo
W
FI
0.286
2 D
zo

Ue = 0.778 Uo
Ffr

zo
N

16 2008 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng. ENGI 8673 Subsea Pipeline Engineering Lecture 17
Morrisons Equation
Inertia, Drag and Lift Forces
Regular versus irregular wave forms
Poor lift prediction opposing current and wave
loading
1 1 D 2 d Ue
FD = CD D Ue FL = CL DUe FI = CM
2 2

2 2 4 dt

17 2008 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng. ENGI 8673 Subsea Pipeline Engineering Lecture 17
DNV RP-F109
Three Design Methods Lateral Stability
Dynamic lateral stability analysis
Calculate lateral displacement
Time series including storm build-up
Generalized lateral stability method
Design curves
0.5 to 10 pipeline diameter displacement
Flat seabed (i.e. no bending, axial deformation)
Absolute lateral static stability method
Static equilibrium
No displacement for single wave train
Current dominant regime

18 2008 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng. ENGI 8673 Subsea Pipeline Engineering Lecture 17
DNV RP-F109 (cont.)
Operational Load Combinations
Preferred
100-year return period (10-2 exceedence)
Joint probability distribution of wave and current
load condition
Alternate
100-year wave + 10-year current
10-year wave + 100-year current

19 2008 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng. ENGI 8673 Subsea Pipeline Engineering Lecture 17
DNV RP-F109 (cont.)
Temporary Load Combinations
Duration
3 days to 12 months
Preferred
10-year return period (10-1 exceedence)
Joint probability distribution of wave and current
load condition
Alternate
10-year wave + 1-year current
1-year wave + 10-year current

20 2008 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng. ENGI 8673 Subsea Pipeline Engineering Lecture 17
DNV RP-F109 (cont.)
Ref: DNV RP-F109 (2007)

Load Reduction Penetration

21 2008 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng. ENGI 8673 Subsea Pipeline Engineering Lecture 17
DNV RP-F109 (cont.)
Ref: DNV RP-F109 (2007)

Load Reduction Trenching

22 2008 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng. ENGI 8673 Subsea Pipeline Engineering Lecture 17
Conventional Practice?
Stable Seabed
Acceptable Conservatism
Increased resistance due to pipeline
embedment
Neglect long-crested waves

Neglect three-dimensional effects

Over estimate seabed velocity

Idealization of maximum wave height as regular
wave train with single wave height

23 2008 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng. ENGI 8673 Subsea Pipeline Engineering Lecture 17
Conventional Practice? (cont.)
Extreme Environmental Loading Condition
Pipeline becoming unstable?
Seabed probably tending towards instability or
actively mobile
Sediment transport mechanisms
Change in fluid density due to soil particles

Seabed becoming unstable?

Conventional pipeline stability calculations are
effectively irrelevant

24 2008 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng. ENGI 8673 Subsea Pipeline Engineering Lecture 17
References
Cathie, D.N., Jaeck, C., Ballard, J.-C. and Wintgens, J.-
F. (2005). Pipeline geotechnics state-of-the-art.
Frontiers in Offshore Geotechnics, ISFOG, ISBN 0 415
39063 X, pp.95-114.
DNV OS-F101 (2007). Submarine Pipeline Systems.
October 2007, 240p.
DNV-RP-F109 (2007). On-bottom Stability Design of
Submarine Pipeline. October 2007, 27p.
Schupp, J., Byrne, B.W., Eacott, N., Martin, C.M.,
Oliphant, J., Maconochie, A. and Cathie, D. (2006).
Pipeline Unburial Behaviour in Loose Sand. Proc.,
OMAE, OMAE2006-92542, 12p.

25 2008 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng. ENGI 8673 Subsea Pipeline Engineering Lecture 17