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kf} / v ug{ ;Sg] x ?sf] nflu
sf7df8f}F . Joj;flos s[lif tyf Jofkf/ cfof]hgfsf] d'Vo p2]Zo g]kfnsf b]zaflx/;d]t Jofkf/ Joj;fo a9fP/
@% j6f lhNNff -wg'iff, ;nf{xL, dxf]Q/L, /f}tx6, af/f, k;f{, lrtjg, wflb, ;Lk, s'zntf / x}l;ot a9fpg]
sf7df8f},F nlntk'/, sfe]kn | f~rf]s, gjnk/f;L, tgxF,' ndh', sf:sL, :ofhf,
kfNkf, kGb]xL, slknj:t', bf, ;'vt{ ] , afFs,] alb{of, s}nfnL / s~rgk'/_
lglb{i6 s[lif pkhxsf] d"No z[v \ nfdf cfa4 ;fgf s[ifs, s[lif Joj;foL tyf
pBdLsf] k|lt:kwf{Tds Ifdtfdf ;'wf/ ug{' /x]sf] 5. of] cfof]hgf @)^%
>fj0faf6 ;~rflnt 5. of] p2]Zo k|fKt ug{ cfof]hgfaf6 ;Dkfbg ul/g]
kmf]6f]u|fkmLsf] Oltxf;
sf7df8f}F . klxnfklxnf dflg;x?
s'g} JolQmsf] t:jL/ ptfg{k' of] eg] xft}n]
sfo{x lgDg s'/fdf s]lGb|t x'g5 ] g\ p;sf] cfs[lt sfuh jf sk8fdf
!_ s[ifs ;d"x / ;xsf/L ;+:yfxnfO{ nfek|b ahf/d'vL pTkfbgdf ;xefuL ptfy]{ . o;df h'g JolQmsf] lrq tof/
x'g ;xof]u ug{] . ;fy} cfjZos k|ljlw, ;"rgf, ;]jf / ;fj{hlgs k"jf{wf/sf] kfg{k' g]{ xf] Tof] JolQm snfsf/sf] cufl8
Joj:yfdfkm{t\ ahf/df kxFr ' / s[lif Joj;fo cfa4tfdf ;'wf/ Nofpg]. 3G6f};+ Dd klg Pp6} d'bf| df al;/xg'kYof]{ .
@_ d"No z[v \ nfsf] b[li6n] pTkfbs, Jofkf/L, k|zf]wgstf{ / cGo ;/f]sf/jfnfxnfO{ pQm sfo{ sl7gdfq geP/ emsf]n{ fUbf]
;d]t ;d]6L pBf]udf cfwfl/t ;fem]bf/Ltfsf] ljsf; ug{] . klg x'GYof]. o;/L agfOPsf] cfs[ltdf
#_ s[lif / vfB Jofkf/df ljBdfg afwf Jojwfg 36fpg] Pj+ s[ifsx / s[lif lnof]gfbf]{ b leG;Ln] agfPsf] df]gfln;fsf]
Joj;foLxsf] bIftf clej[l4 ub{} cfGtl/s Pj+ cGt/f{li6o ahf/sf] u'0f:t/ t:jL/ ljZjk|Voft 5. t/, ha ;do
cg'ksf] :jR5 / :j:y vfB j:t'xsf] pTkfbg ug{ ;xof]u ug{] . laTb} uof], dflg;x?n] k|sl[ tdf 36]sf
;Nnf3f/L, dxf/fhuGh, sf7df8f}F ;"Id 36gfnfO{ klg uxg cWoog ub}{
kmf]g M (&&)!$)!&&^%, ofS; M (&&)!$#&#@#^ To;sf] ljZn]if0f ug{ yfn]. P3f/f}+ ofnaflx/sf] b[Zosf] xNsf cfs[lt
Email:mail@pact.gov.np,Website:www.pact.gov.np
ztfAbLtfsf dflg;n] olb s'g} cFWof/f]
sf]7fdf Pp6f ;fgf] l5b|af6 dfq
k|sfznfO{ leq l5g{ lbOof] eg] Tof] k|sfz
k/]sf] csf]{ leQfdf aflx/sf] xNsf b[Zo
b]lvG5 eGg] s'/f yfxf kfP. To:tf]
sf]7fh:tf] pks/0fnfO{ Sofd]/f cA;So'/f
elgGYof].
To;kl5sf jif{x?df To;df kf]Vt
JolQmx?n] Pp6f dfq Kjfn ePsf] aS;
Sofd]/f cA;So'/fsf] 9fFrfdf lgdf{0f u/].
pgLx?n] vfnL Kjfnsf] ;f6f] n]G; k|of]u
u/], h;n] ubf{ lrq :k:6 b]lvGYof].
t/, o; pks/0fsf] ;xfotfn] tof/
kfl/Psf] cfs[ltnfO{ kl5;Dd /fVg
hfg'ePsf] 5< o:tf k"/fgf
Ondsf] 9f]sf;d]t vf]lnlbPsf] lyof].
sf7df8f}Fsf] dWodjuL{ ;dfhnfO{
pBf]u jfl0fHosf] dfu{df psfn]sf]
lyof]. lqe'jg /fhky lgdf{0f ;DkGg
g/]Gb|/fh kf}8]n
ePnuQ} @)!# ;fndf /fhf dx]Gb|n]
lznfGof; u/]sf] sflGt /fhky eg]
cf/Desf] bf];|f] jif{b]lv lgdf{0fsfo{
9Lnf eP/ cw" /} /x] s f] lyof] .
To;}cf;kf; u}8+ fsf]6df /fhf dx]Gb|n]
lznfGof; u/]sf] k"j{klZrd /fhufu{
bzcf7 jif{leq} clwsf+z efu tof/
ePsf] lyof]. t/ of] ag]g. jf:tjdf
lqe'jg /fhkysf] ck]Iff sd b"/L /
ef}uf]lns ljs6tf ;d]t sd ePsf]
t/fO{ hf]8\g] of] /fhdfu{ plta]/}
tof/ x' g ' kg] { lyof] . k~rfotL
/fhgLlt df}nfPsf] a]nf b]zljb]z
;a}lt/ ;dy{g;xof]u h'6fpg ;Sg]
zf;sx?n] /fhwfgL hf]8\ g] **
lsnf]ld6/ nfdf] /fhdfu{ agfpg
g;Sg] cj:yfdf kSs} kTofl/nf]
lyPg. To;df klg cfgL :juL{o
k6/fgLsf] gfd;Fu hf]l8Psf] / cfg}
xftaf6 lznfGof; ePsf] /fhdfu{
/fhf dx]Gb|s} ljz]if kxndf ;DkGg
x'g'kg]{ xf], t/ ePg.
To;sf] 7\ofSs} t];|f] bzsdf
rLgn] lgdf{0f u/LlbPsf] ;jf @ ;o
lsld nfdf] sf7df8f}F kf]v/f clg
d'nLg gf/fo0fu9 /fhdfu{n] lqe'jg
/fhkysf] ef/L;d]t vlK6P/ t/fO{
hf]8\g] ;xfos ljsNksf] k|ltlglwTj
u/LcfPsf] 5. OGwgUof;sf
6\of/ a'n6] / nfdf 7"nf 9'jfgL;fwg
k|of]u x'g] o; /fhdfu{n] /fhwfgLsf]
nfOkmnfOgsf] sfd ul//x]sf] 5.
;fy} pkTosf j/k/sf 3gf zx/
tyf u|fdL0f a:tLnfO{ ;d]t lg/Gt/
;fwg;|ft] / lgdf{f0f ;fdu|Lsf] cfk"lt{
/ hf]uf8 ul//x]sf] 5. t/ ylst
ulnt / hL0f{ x'bF } uPsf] of] /fhdfu{n]
k'glg{df{0f / dd{t ;Def/ ug]{ gfpFdf
b]z n'6\g v8f ePsf sG;N6]G;L
egfpF bf x' F 8f/, dGqL, xflsd /
7]sbf/ df]6fpg] sfddf c/jf}+ /fhZj
;lsFbg} Yof]. ;g\ !&@& df k|Voft
j}1flgs hf]xfg x]nl/s :s'Nhn] Pp6f
gf}nf] tYo kQf nufP. k/LIf0fdf pgn]
rs, rfFbL / gfOl6s Pl;8 ld;fP/
/fv]sf] l;;Lsf] ld>0f k|sfzsf] ;Dks{df
cfpFbf sfnf] ePsf] kfP.
To:t}, ;g\ !*@^ df csf{ j}1flgs
hf];k] m gfO;kmf]/ lgK;]n] Pp6f sfuhnfO{
k|sfz ;+jb] gzLn /;fogdf 8'afP/
Sofd]/f cA;So'/f cyf{t\ cFWof/f] aS;leq
/fv]/ pQm pks/0fnfO{ ofndf /fv].
To;sf] kl/0ffd:j?k pgn] pQm sfuhdf
tof/ u/]/ l;;fsf] kQfdf cfs[lt agfpg]
plqPsf] kfP. Tof] cfs[lt ;DejtM
ljZjs} klxnf] ;'/lIft kmf]6f]uf| lkms
cfs[lt lyof]. lgK;]n] u/]sf] dxfg\
pknlAwsf] Pp6f g/fd|f] kIf eg]sf] pgsf]
kmf]6f] g]ul] 6e x'g' xf]. cyf{t\ cfs[ltdf
ePsf] ;a} ;]tf] sfnf] tyf ;a} sfnf]
;]tf] x'g] uYof]{ .
To;kl5 n'O; 8\ofu'O/]n] lgK;]sf]
kmf]6f]sf] sfnf] efu ;]tf] / ;]tf] efu
sfnf] cyf{t\ kf]hl] 6e cfs[lt agfpg
;kmn eP. t/, ha pgn] Tof] kmf]6f]
k|sfzdf NofP/ x]y,{ ] Psl5gkl5 pQm
cfs[lt sfnf] x'bF } hfGYof]. nuftf/ k/LIf0f
ub}{ hfFbf ;g\ !*#& df pQm ag]sf]
kfgLem}+ aufpFb} cfPsf] klg 5.
;jf @ ;o lsldsf] nDa]tfg d'lUng,
gf/fo0fu9, aL/u~h /fhdfu{sf] e/
kl//x]sf] g]kfn ;/sf/ eg] @)^%
;fnb]lv k'glg{df{0f sfo{ z'? ePsf]
sflGt nf]sdfu{ rfF8f] ;DkGg ug]{lt/
cem} tft]sf] b]lvFb}g. a? To;sf]
7fpFdf lxhf]cfh sf7df8f}+x]6f}+8f
;'?dfu{ lgdf{0fsf] ukm lbP/ lxF8\g
g;Sg] bf}l8g vf]Hg] pvfg rl/tfy{
ug{ nfu]s f] 5. b]z n' 6]/ xfn
s/f]8klt /lxcfPsf b'O{rf/ g]tf,
Jofkf/L, xflsd / 7] s ] b f/nfO{
c/jklt agfpg] rfn grnfpm
eG5g\ k|ToIf hfgsf/ hgtf. clg
6]Sgf]qmf6sf] xGtsfnL aufnnfO{
ckRtf] bfgkfgL eg]{ sfd dfq gu/]
j]z eGg] ;r]t gful/ssf] w/0ff
/x]sf] 5. s]xL ;De|fGt / ;'lsnf
ju{sf] nflu ;'?dfu{ ljnfl;tfsf]
ljifo ag]sf] x'g ;S5. cem Tof]eGbf
a9L cfkmGtnfO{ df]6f] hfuL/ lbg],
b] z ljb] z 3' d pg] / 7] S sfkf
lbnfpg] cflb OToflbsf] nfd}
if8\oGqsf] >[nf tof/ ePsf] x'g
;Snf. t/ b]zsf] /fhZjdfly af3
k~hf lkmF h fpg / ljb] z L bft[
lgsfonfO{ d'uf{ agfpg dfq of]
av]8fsf] cv8f v8f ul/Psf] s'/f
d ] n DrL ; ' ? f] l9n f; ' : tLn ]
atfO;s]sf] 5. g]kfnL ;]gfn] kmfi6
6 ofs lgdf{0 fsf] lhDdf lnPkl5
;'? dfu{df nufgL ug{' sd;]sd
xfnsf nflu lsdfy{ plrt dfGg
;lsGg. km';|f] cfdf dndnsf]
wf]tL eGg] ;'s'nu'08] pvfg rl/tfy{
ug]{ g]kfnL g]tf / 7]s]bf/ ;a}sf]
Pp6} ;xdt /xFb} cfPsf] 5. 7"nf
cfof]hgf ;'? ug]{ / bzsf}+;Dd b'x'g'
ufO{ agfP/ /fVg] t/ k" / frflxF
slxNo} gug]{ sk6L afgL u0ftGq
cfPkl5 emg} a9]sf] 5.
x]6f}+8fsf7df8f}+ ;'?sf] gfddf
klxn] yf]/ax't h'6]sf] nufgL /sd
ckf/bzL{ 9+un] vr{ ePsf] va/
cfPsf] clns ;docl3 dfq} xf].
sfd / bfdsf] lhDdf lng]x?n] g}
5f]/f5f]/L efOelthfnfO{ dfq} uf8L
/ xf]6ndf oz, cf/fd / nfvf}+ tna
;'ljwf lbP/ of]hgf ;+rfngsf] gfddf
a|Xdn"6 dRrfPsf] 36gf lgs} rrf{df
lyof]. Ps lbg P:sfe]6/n] kxf8sf]
leQf] vf]l;|P/ s/f]8f}+ ?k}ofF 7f8}
krfpg] sfd ePsf] 36gf cfh} lal;{g]
s'/f klg t ePg. >Job[Zosf ;+rf/
;fwgx?df 36gf ljj/0f tfh} 5.
cfs[ltnfO{ lau|g glbg lkS;/ eGg]
/f;folgs ;+oGq kQf nufP. Tof]
k|ljlwaf6 ag]sf] kmf]6f] cfs[ltnfO{
Uofu'Ol/of] 6fOk elgGYof]. !( cf}+
ztfAbLsf] cfudg;Fu} kmf]6f]uf| kmLdf gf}nf
gf}nf k|of]uk/LIf0fx? eP. o;sf]
;'?tfsf l;;fsf] kftnf] kQfdf k|sfz
;+jb] gzLn /;fogsf] n]k nfP/ ;kmf,
:k:6 / kf]hl] 6e cfs[lt agfOGYof].
o;}qmddf ;g\ !*&) df hh{
O:6Dofgn] sfuhdf /;fogsf] n]k
nufP/ a]b{ } t:jL/ lng ldNg] lkmNd
pQ]lht bfgfx? sfnf] /df kl/0ft
k4ltnfO{ kl5 ws]lnlbP. To;kl5 ;g\
!*** df O:6Dofgn] klxnf] cfw'lgs,
xNsf / ;lhn} af]s/] lxF8g\ ldNg] sf]8fs
Sofd]/f agfP. @) cf}+ ztfAbLdf cfP/
Sofd]/fsf] 7"nf] ljsf; / k|fljlws pGglt
eof]. @) cf}+ ztfAbLdf /+uLg kmf]6f]sf]
lgdf{0fsf] nflu kmf]6f]uf| lkms lkmNddf
/;fogx?sf] ljleGg tx /flvPsf lyP.
h'g 5'f5'} ?kdf /ftf] xl/of] / gLnf]
/k|lt ;+jb] gzLn x'G5g\. To;n] ubf{
;a} /sf t:jL/x? aGg ;S5g\. t/,
lxhf]cfh hltklg kmf]6f];DaGwL k|ljlwx?
5g\, tL ;a}sf] ;}4flGts cfwf/ Pp6}
5, Tof] xf] lgK;]n] agfPsf] klxnf]
cfh} km]l/ :jo+ ;/sf/ g} ;'?dfu{
agfpg] ukm r'6]/ ltg} ;~rfnx?sf]
kl5 nfUg' pb]s nfUbf] 36gf ePsf]
5.f]: xfnsf] d]nDrL of]hgf / cw"/f]
sflGt nf] s dfu{ s f] xljutn]
dxfef/t 5]8]/ ;'?\dfu{ lgdf{0f ug]{
l5kfsf] xNnfnfO{ kTofpg / krfpg
s;}n] klg ;Sb}g. lsg t eGbf,
x'Dnf, 8f]Nkfh:tf ljs6 ;b/d'sfnfO{
/fhdfu{ n ] cem} hf] 8 \ g g;s] /
hgtfsf] cufl8 xl/of bfFt b]vfO
cfPsf] nfrf/ ;/sf/n] ;'s'nu'08f
z}nLsf] csf]{ xNnf lkmhfP/ cfpFbf]
r'gfjdf ;j{;fwf/0f hgtfsf] ef]6
tfGg vf]h]sf] ;a}n] a'em]sf 5g\.
dflykl kv]/fdf luf Eofs'/ gkfP/
ef]s} a;]sf / kfgL;d]t lkpg gkfP/
t8\lkPsf r]kfx? ufF;af;sf nflu
o'uf}+b]lv ;/sf/s} d'v tfls/x]sf
5g\. otf ltg} a:tLsf] tnlt/ ;'?\
vg]/ leqleq} df]6/ u'8fpg] ukm
afFl8Fb}5 eg] of]eGbf csf]{ la8Dagf
s] x'g ;S5
ef/tLo ;LdfjtL{ If]qdf jif}l{ kR5]
8'afgdf k/]sf / h'/] emfnf{usf klx/f]
lkl8t hgtfnfO{ yftaf;sf] Joj:yf
ug{ g;s]/ oxL u0ftGq] ;/sf/
d/]sf] la/fnf] sfvL RofKg] kfqsf]?kdf
b]vfk/]sf] 5Fb}5. ca ToxL ;/sf/n]
dxfef/t kj{ t 5] 8 ] / ;' ? dfu{
agfpg] gfpFdf ljb]zL bftfnfO{ d'uf{
agfP/ e'TNofpg] / :jb]zL u/Lj
hgtfnfO{ kfk8 agfP/ a]Ngsf] nflu
hfnem]nsf] tfgfafgf a'Gb} 5 eGg]
nf]sdt /x]sf] 5. kG jif{ nufpFbf
klg d]DrLsf] kfgLsf] kfOk x'Ng] ;'?\
tof/ ug{ g;Sg] ;/sf/n] olQa]/}
7"nf l6\k/ 6\of/ u'8\g] ljzfnsfo
l;f] ;'? tof/ kf/]sf] ;kgf b]Vg''
lzj zdf{sf] ;kgfeGbf c? a9L s]xL
xf]Og. tTsfnsf nflu eGg] xf] eg]
** lsnf]ld6/ nfdf] sflGt nf]skysf]
lgdf{ 0 f sfo{ t' ?Gt ;DkGg u/L
t/fOnfO{ /fhwfgLsf] bf]Aa/ glhs
Nofpg ;lsG5. x]6f}+8faf6 sf7df8f}F
hf]8\g] yk Pp6} :t/Lo /fhdfu{sf]
clwstd pkof]un] klg /fhwfgL
lelqg] xfnsf] oftfoft ;xh x'g] /
;/;fdg 9'jfgLsf] rfkdf XjfQ} sdL
cfpg] 5. /fhdfu{ cf;kf;sf] ul/j
ljkGg a:tLdf s[lif, kz'kfng 3/]n'
/ xf]6n] Joj;fo km:6fpg] 5. lzIff,
;+:s[ltsf] ljsf;;Fu} hLjgz}nLdf
;'wf/ cfpg] 5. To; If]qsf] a:tLdf
dfgjLo r]tgf / cfo:t/df ;d]t
;do;fk]If kl/jt{g cfpg] 5.
kmf]6f]uf| lkms cfs[lt. kmf]6f]uf| kmL eGgfn]
s'g} j:t'sf] cfs[lt Sofd]/fsf] ;xfotfn]
lkmNd jf To:t} ldNbf] j:t'df ptfg{'
a'lemG5. lkmNdnfO{ k|sfz ;+jb] gzLn
/;fogf/f n]kg ul/Psf] x'G5. h'g
ljz]ifu/L rfFbLsf] nj0f x'G5. h:t}M
l;Ne/ a|fd] fO8.
Sofd]/fsf] n]G;af6 leq k;]sf]
k| sfzn] lkmNddf ePsf] l;Ne/
a|fd] fO8sf] ;"Idbfgfdf pQ]hgf k}bf
ub{5. h;sf] dfqf To;df k/]sf]
k|sfzdf lge{/ ub{5. 8]enlk ubf{
x'G5g\. To;}n] k|sfz a9L k/]sf] efu
sfnf] b]lvG5. l;Ne/ a|fd] fO8 k|sfzlt/
;+j]bgzLn ePsfn] afFsL pQ]lht
gePsf ;"Idbfgfx?nfO{{ x6fpg'k5{ geP
k'/} lkmNd g]ul] 6e sfnf] x'g hfG5.
To;}n] oL bfgfx?nfO{ cem lau|g
glbg ;f]l8od yfof];Nkm]6sf] s8f 3f]ndf
lkmNdnfO{ wf]OG5. o; k|lqmofnfO{
lkmlS; elgG5. h;sf] kmn:j?k
g]ul] 6e aGb5. o;af6 kf]hl] 6e cfs[lt
agfpgsf nflu g]ul] 6enfO{ k|sfz
;+jb] gzLn sfuhsf] dfly /flv k|sfzsf]
s8f k'~h kfl/G5 / g]ul] 6e h;/L g}
k|f;] l] ; ul/G5 .
 @)&$ ;fn j}zfv # ut] cfOtaf/
PsLs[t hgqmflGtsf] :s'ln
/f] N kfsf] /f\ s f] 6 df a;] s f]
a' l4hLjLsf] ;\ u7gsf] a} 7 sdf
k|r08n] 8f= afa' /fd e/fO{ lt/
;\s]t ub}{ o:tf] syf eGg'ePsf]
lyof], Pshgf cleefjsn] cfgf
b'O{ 5f]/fxnfO{ ljfg\ / kf/\ut
agfpg Pp6f ljfg\ u'?sxfF lnP/
v]d yklnof
/f]Nkfsf] /f\sf]6df a;]sf]
a'l 4hLjLsf] ;\u7gsf]
a}7sdf k|r08n] 8f=
afa'/fd e/fO{lt/ ;\s]t
ub}{ o:tf] syf eGg'ePsf]
lyof], Pshgf cleefjsn]
cfgf b'O{ 5f]/fxnfO{
ljfg\ / kf/\ut agfpg
Pp6f ljfg\ u'?sxfF lnP/
uP5g\. ToxfF k'ofPkl5
eg]5g\ ls h]7frflxF tL jif{ csf]{ ljfg\sxfF a;]/ kl9;s]sf]
5 / o;nfO{ clnslt ykyfk a'l4 / 1fg lbP/ kf/\ut
u/fOlbg'xf]nf clg sfG5fnfO{ eg] k"/} kf/\ut
agfOlbg'xf]nf. pgsf] Totf] s'/f ;'g]/ u'?n] eGg'eP5,
sfG5fnfO{ t tLg jif{df d kf/\ut agfpg ;S5' t/
h]7fnfO{ t 5 jif{ nfU5. pgsf] s'/f ;'g]/ cleefjs
cfZro{rlst eP5g\ / ;f]w]5g\ lsg< u'?n] hafkm
lbg'eP5, lsgeg] h]7fnfO{ k'/fgf] s'8fss{6 ofFSg tLg
jif{ / gofF larf/ lbg csf]{ tLg jif{ nfU5.
uP5g\. ToxfF k'ofPkl5 eg]5g\ ls
h]7frflxF tL jif{ csf]{ ljfg\sxfF a;]/
kl9;s]sf] 5 / o;nfO{ clnslt
ykyfk a'l4 / 1fg lbP/ kf/\ut
u/fOlbg'xf]nf clg sfG5fnfO{ eg] k"/}
kf/\ut agfOlbg'xf]nf. pgsf] Totf]
s'/f ;'g/] u'?n] eGg'eP5, sfG5fnfO{
t tLg jif{df d kf/\ut agfpg
;S5' t/ h]7fnfO{ t 5 jif{ nfU5.
pgsf] s' / f ;' g ] / cleefjs
cfZro{rlst eP5g\ / ;f]w ]5 g\
lsg< u'?n] hafkm lbg'eP5,
lsgeg] h]7fnfO{ k'/fgf] s'8fss{6
ofFSg tLg jif{ / gofF larf/ lbg
csf]{ tLg jif{ nfU5.
s]xL ;docufl8 kf6L{sf] s]Gb|Lo
:s'ln ljefusf] ;b:o Pjd\ :s'ln
cleoGtfsf] x}l;otdf tLgdlxg]
b]zJofkL s]Gb|Lo :s'ln cleofgdf
;l/s ePsf] lyPF. ;f] s]Gb|Lo :s'ln
cleofgdf k|f Kt xf] /fOh] G6n /
e6L{sn cg'ejx cgluGtL 5g\.
tL cg' e jsf] hldgLoyfy{ s f]
cfnf] s df PsLs[ t hgqmflGtsf]
:s'ln;DaGwL ;\lIfKt rrf{ ul/Psf]
5.
:s'ln eg]sf] ljZjb[li6sf]0f
lgdf{0f ug]{ k|Zg xf]. ljZjb[li6sf]0f
eg]sf] k|sl[ t, dfgj;dfh / dfgjLo
lrGtgsf] ultsf] ljsf;;DaGwL
bfz{ l gs dfGotf xf] . ljZjdf
clwe"tjfb cyf{t\ e"8'jfjfb, ;f/
;\u|xjfb / ax'njfb ;f/ af]s]sf]
k'"hLjfbL ;+zf]wgjfbL ljZjb[li6sf]0f
Psflt/ 5 eg] csf]{lt/ GfTds
ef} l tsjfbL sDo' l g:6 kf6L{ s f]
;';\ut cv08 ljZjb[li6sf]0f /x]sf]
5. cfh of] dfS;{jfbLn]lggjfbL
dfcf]jfbL ljZjb[li6sf]0fdf ljsf;
ePsf] 5. o;} b[li6sf]0ff/f ;d[4
sDo' l g:6n] cfgf] sfo{ lbzfsf]
lgwf{/0f ub{5g\. PsLs[t hgqmflGt
To;}sf] k|ltkmn xf].
:s'lndf w]/n } fO{ ufF7f] kg]{ ljifo
eg] s } bz{ g xf] . bz{ g af/]
k|ltlglwd"ns egfO x]/f}F, ;fdflhs
hLjg d"ntM Jofjxfl/s 5, ;f/f
/x:o h;n] l;4fGtnfO{ /x:ojfbsf]
unt af6f]df e8\sfOlbG5g\, dfgj
Jojxf/df / o; Jojxf/sf] af]wdf
cfgf] a'l4;\ut ;dfwfg kfpF5g\,
-dfS;{ kmfo/jfvdfly lgaGw M
!*$%, lxGbL dfS;{P\u]N;n]lgg,
GfTds ef}ltsjfb, k[= !_. hLjg
/ cg' e jsf] b[ li6sf] 0 f g} 1fg
l;4fGtsf] klxnf] / d'Vo b[li6sf]0f
x'g'k5{ / o;sf] clgjfo{ c;\Vo
k| W ofksLo dgu9Gt]
kfl08TofO"xnfO{ a9fb}{ ef}ltsjfbd}
k'ofpg]5, -n]lgg ef}ltsjfb /
cg'ejhGo cfnf]rgfjfb M c\u|]hL,
k[= #)!_. qmflGtsf/L Jojxf/af6
cnlUuPkl5 l;4fGt p2]ZoxLg aG5,
To;/L g} qmflGtsf/L l;4fGtaf6
Jojxf/sf] af6f] pHofnf] gePdf
Jojxf/n] cGwfsf/df 5fd5fd
5'd 5' d ug' {kg] { x'G 5, -:6flng,
n] lggjfbsf cfwf/x, !(@$,
g]kfnL_. ;xL aLrf/ ;fdflhs
Jojxf/af6 dfq cfpF 5 , Tof]
pTkfbgdf nflu ;\3if{, ju{;\3if{
/ j}1flgs k|of]uh:tf tLg lsl;dsf
;fdflhs Jojxf/af6 cfpF5, -
dfcf], u|Gy (, ;xL aLrf/ sxfFaf6
cfpF5< k[= !, !(^#_. bz{gzf:q
kxf8 / pkTosfaf6 hGdG5. ===
bz{ g zf:q ljklQ / ;\ 3 if{ s f
aLraf6 hGdG5. bz{gzf:q Pp6f
k|lts"n kl/l:yltaf6 cfpF5, -
dfcf], xf rfcf] ;Dd]ngdf efif0f,
!(^# u|Gy (, k[= !^_.
g]kfndf k'iknfn:s'n / PdaL
:s'n rrf{df /x]. Pdfn]nufotsf
;+zf]wgjfbL sDo'lg:6 wf/f k'iknfn
:s'n / dfcf]jfbLwf/f PdaL:s'nf/
cg'k|fl0ft /x]sf] dflgG5. dfcf]jfbL
:s'ln wf/fsf] lgdf{0f ug{ k|r08
ls/0fxl;t 5nkmn x' F b} ubf{
k|r08af6 ;DaGwljR5]b ug'{kg]{
cleef/f cfOkof]. ls/0fsf] g]tT[ jdf
gofF kf6L{ ag]kl5 klg gofF :s'ln
wf/fsf ljifodf s'/f eO/xFbf csf]{
;DaGwljR5]bsf] kl/36gf cufl8
cfof]. clxn] xfdL ls/0faf6 klg
;DaGwljR5] b u/] / PsLs[ t
hgqmflGtsf] sfo{ l bzf jl/kl/
uf]naGb ePsf 5f}F . xfd|f ;a} sfd
sf/afxL dfn] d fjfbL cfnf] s df
PsLs[t hgqmflGtcg'k x'g'kb{5.
t;y{, PsLs[t hgqmflGtsf] :s'ln
yk lgoldt, j}1flgs / Jojl:yt
x'g' ckl/xfo{ ePsf] 5. PsLs[t
hgqmflGtsf] :s'ln k'iknfn :s'ln
/ PdaL :s'lnnfO{ k5fl8 kfb}{ cl3
a9]sf] :s'ln xf].
:s'ln d"ntM aLrf/wf/fTds
sfd xf]. dflg; j}rfl/s k| f0fL
ePsf]n] p;sf] x/Jojxf/ cfgf]
aLrf/wf/fsf] cfwf/df x'g] ub{5.
dflg; / cGo k|f0fLaLrdf km/s
x'g'sf] sf/0f klg aLrf/wf/fTds g}
xf] . cGo k| f 0fLx k| s [ l tsf]
lgoGq0feGbf aflx/ hfg ;Sb}gg\ t/
dflg;n] k|sl[ tsf] lgoGq0fnfO{ cfgf]
cg's"ntfdf k|of]u ug{ ;Sb5g\.
dflg; pGgtzLn dl:tis;lxtsf]
ljsl;t k|f 0fL klg xf] . dfcf]n]
eGg'ePh:t} aLrf/ s'g} cfsf;af6
emg]{ geP/ b}lgs Jojxf/af6 k}bf
x'G5. pTkfbgsf] lglDt ;\ 3if{,
ju{;\3if{ / j}1flgs k|of]unfO{ dfcf]n]
Jojxf/ eGg'ePsf] 5. xfdL olta]nf
bnfn k'FhLjfblj?4 ;\3if{df 5f}F.
clxn] xfd|f] Wofg ju{;\ 3if{n fO{
ljhodf km]g]{lt/ ;f]l/x]sf] 5.
ju{;\3if{nfO{ 7Ls 9\un] ;~rfng
ug{ qmflGtsf/L l;4fGt clgjfo{
x' G 5. qmflGtsf/L Jojxf/nfO{
l;4fGtdf kfGt/0f ug]{ s'/f w]/}
dxTjk"0f{ x'G5. o;Dff :s'lnsf]
dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf x'G5.
g]kfnsf] ju{;\3if{ cfwf/e"t ju{
-ls;fg / dhb'/_ / dWodju{df
cfwfl/t x'Fb} ef}uf]lns / ;fdflhs
kn] lk5l8Psf] 7fpF Pjd\ ;x/L
tyf ;'ljwf;DkGg 7fpF hf]8\b} cl3
al9/x]sf] 5. o;qmddf cfwf/e"t
ju{, hflt / lk5l8Psf] 7fpFaf6
cfPsf sd/]8xdf ;fk]lIft kdf
Odfgbfl/tf, qmflGtsfl/tf / b'Mv
si6 p7fpg ;Sg] u'0f b]lvG5 eg]
;x/LIf]q / ;'ljwf;DkGg 7fpFdf
cfly{scfwf/ / ju{lrGtgsf] ;'if'Kt
k|efjsf sf/0f lgDgk'h F LjfbL clr
b] vfkb{5 . PsLs[ t hgqmflGtsf]
:s' l ndfkm{ t ;Rrf sDo' l g:6
kfGt/0fsf] k|lqmoff/f Psktfdf
n}hfg ;S5f}F / ;Sg' klg kb{5.
hlthlt ju{;\3if{sf] tLj| x'Fb}
hfG5, pltplt xfdL Jo:ttfaf6
u'h|Fb} hfg]5f}F, h;sf] sf/0f j}rfl/s
sfd kl5 kg{ ;St5. j}rfl/s sfd
s]Gb|Lo g]tfsf] dfq xf]Og, of] xfdL
;a}sf] Ph]G8f x'g'kb{5. :jefjtM
d'V o j}rfl/s sfdsf] lhDd]j f/L
pkNnf] :t/sf] g]t[Tjsf] sfFwdf eP
klg tt\ tt\ :yfg / g] t [ T j
sfo{ s tf{ n ] j} r fl/s sfd
ul//xg'kb{5. qmflGtsf/L aLrf/nfO{
hgtf;Dd k'ofpg] / hgtfaf6
g]t[Tj;Dd k'ofpg] sfd ToxL g]tf
sfo{stfsf] txaf6 eO/x]sf] x'G5.
j}rfl/s sfd klg ju{ ;\ 3if{ sf]
dxTjk"0f{ df]rf{ xf] eGg] s'/f xfdLn]
slxNo} e'Ng'xbF' }g.
sfdsf] rfkfrfk / ;dosf]
plrt Joj:yfkgsf] cefjn] :s'ln
gePsf] a]nf tTsfnLg /fhgLlts
k|lzIf0fn] of]hgfdf xf]ldg ;xof]u
k' ofpF 5 t/ To;n] cfwf/e" t
j}rfl/s cfjZostf k" /f ub}{g .
kf6L{ l eq gofF g] t fsfo{ s tf{ s f]
w'j| Ls/0f eO/xg] / :s'ln Jojl:yt
/ lgoldt gx'g] xf] eg] To;n] eb|uf]n
/ c/fhstf lgDTofpF5. :s'lnsf]
cefjdf g]t[Tjsfo{stf{sf] j}rfl/s
Ifdtfdf ljsf; x'Fb}g, h;sf sf/0f
sfo{ I f] q df ;d:of b] v fkb{ 5 .
:s' lnsf] cefjdf hgtfaLrsf]
cGtlj{/f]wnfO{ 7Ls 9\un] a'g] / k|fKt ug{} ;lsG5. l;4fGt eg]sf]
;xL 9\ u n] xn gug] { , 7f] ;
kl/l:yltsf] 7f] ; ljZn] if0f;lxt
cu|ufdL sfo{of]hgf lgdf{0f gug]{, ;/naf6 hl6ntflt/ hfg] x'g'kb{5
qmflGtsf] ldq zlStnfO{ uf]naGb ug]{
/ ;q'nfO{ PSNofpg], hgtf qmflGtsf]
d'Vo zlSt xf], hgtf;Fu ulx/f]
;DaGw agfpg'kb{5 eGg] s'/fnfO{
la;{ g ] , /fhgLlts ljZn] i f0fsf
cfwf/df b'Zdgn] km}nfpg] uf]ojN;
z}nLsf] e|dk"0f{ k|rf/sf] hgtf;dIf
;dod} k|:6 kfg{ g;Sg], blIf0fkGyL,
;+ z f] w gjfbL / 5b\ d
;+zf]wgjfbLxsf] s"ts{ / lje|dsf]
ts{k"0f{ / tYo;\ut 9\un] v08g
ug{ g;Sg]h:tf ;d:of b]vfk5{g\.
j} rfl/s k| : 6tf / kl/kSjtfsf]
cefjn] knfogtfnfO{ lgDTofpF5.
tt\tt\ 7fpFdf gofFgofF g]t[Tj /
sfo{stf{sf] k\lStnfO{ j}rfl/s kn]
kl/kSj agfpg] d"n cfwf/ eg]s}
Jojl:yt :s'ln k|0ffnL xf].
j}rfl/s Ifdtfsf] ljsf; eg]sf]
qmflGtsf/L l;4fGtnfO{ ;xL 9\un]
a'g] / JofVof ug]{ clg Jojxf/df
nfu" ug]{ Ifdtfsf] clej[l4 xf].
ju{;\3if{sf] dxfg\\ k|lqmofdf ;a}
dflg; Ps}k6s qmflGtsf/L aLrf/n]
n}; eP/ cfPsf x'Fb}gg\. k|f/Dedf
dflg;x qmflGtsf/L Jojxf/df
;xefuL x'G5g\. lj:tf/} pgLx
qmflGtsf/L l;4fGt;Fu kl/lrt x'G5g\
clg cfgf] j} r fl/s/fhgLlts
3
Ifdtfsf] ljsf;k| lqmofdf cl3
a9\5g\.
g} s]Gb|Lo :s'ln ljefu v8f u/]sf]
xf]. :s'lnl;t :jfWoogsf] s'/f klg
j}rfl/s IfdtfnfO{ qmflGtsf/L cfpF5. :s'lnn] Pp6f j}rfl/s
Jojxf/ / ;}4flGts cWoogaf6 j[l4 6ofs lbg] xf] lx+8\g] xfdL cfkm}F g}
ug{ ;lsG5. j}rfl/s Ifdtf eg]sf] xf}F . :s'ln ;a} s'/fsf] To:tf] cf}ifwL
qmflGtsf/L l;4fGtdf kf]Vt x'g' dfq xf], h'g cf}ifwL vfPkl5 jf OGh]S;g
xf]Og, of] dfS;{jfbsf] kfl08TofOF 5f6\g' nufpg]ljlQs} /f]u Rjf} lgsf] x'G5
klg xf]Og. of] t qmflGtsf] 7f]; eg]/ ;f]Rg yflnof] eg] cgy{ x'G5.
Jojxf/;Fu hf]8\g' / hf]l8g' xf].
Jojxf/lagfsf] l;4fGt n\u8f] x'G5,
g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{sf] *cf}F
dxflwj]zgn] dxTjk"0f{ ;}4flGts
l;4fGtlagfsf] Jojxf/ cGwf] x'G5 eGg] ljifodf lgrf] 8 nfO{ :s' l nsf
:tflngsf] egfO lgs} dd{o'St 5. dfWodaf6 l;\uf] kf6L{k\lStdf :ki6
cWoogsf nflu cWoog, l;4fGtaf6
l;4fGt unt k|lqmof x'g\. PsLs[t
kfg{ cfjZos 5. cGt/f{ l i6 o
kl/l:yltsf] 7f]; ljZn]if0fsf ;fy}
hgqmflGtsf] :s' l n g] k fnsf]
;dsfnLg hl6n /fhgLlts ufF7f]
bz{g, sfo{lbzf, sDo'lg:6 gLlt /
k|0ffnL, clwgfosTj / hgjfb /
k'msfpg] p2]Zosf ;fy x'g'kb{5. s] Gb|L otf, snf;flxTo, ;j{ xf/f
:s'lnsf cfwf/e"t / tTsfnLg ;f+ : s[ l ts qmflGt, ;+ : s[ l t /
ljifox x'G5g\. s'g} a]nf cGt/f{li6o ;f+:s[lts kfGt/0f, lgud k'FhLjfb
kl/l:ylt;Fu} g]kfnsf] ju{;\3if{sf / sDo'lg:6 cy{gLlt, ;"rgf / k|ljlw,
Oltxf; / cj:yfaf/] :s'ln x'GYof]. qmflGtsf] df] 8 n, Oltxf;sf]
To;kl5 dxfg\ hgo'4af/] :s'ln d"Nof\sg, bnfn k'FhLjfb, k|wfg
eof]. clg /0fgLlts /Iffsf] r/0fdf cGtlj{/f]w / ;xfos cGtlj{/f]wx,
hg;]gfsf] lgdf{0f / 5fkfdf/ o'4sf] b' O { n fOg ;\ 3 if{ , ;+ ; bLo
ljsf;;DaGwL :s' l n eof] . Joj:yf;Qfsf] j} s lNks
/0fgLlts k|Tofqmd0fsf] r/0fdf
df]rf{a4 n8fOFsf] ljsf;, :yfgLo
;Qfhg;Qfsf] jf:tljs :jk,
sfo{gLlt / /0fgLlt, ;\3Lotf /
hg;Qfsf] cfly{s, /fhgLlts sfd, hftLo gLlt, ;dfhjfbdf lghL
hg;DaGwh:tf ljifodf :s'ln eP. :jfldTjsf] k| Z g, lj:tf/jfb /
k|Tofqmd0fsf] Jofjxfl/s k|lqmofaf/] ;fd|fHojfbsf] kl5Nnf] rl/q, g]tf
:s'ln eP. dfcf]n] rLgdf ;DkGg sfo{stfhgtfsf] e"ldsf, k|xf/sf]
u/] s f] /0fgLlts k| Tofqmd0fnfO{ lgzfgf, ;fDojfbL ;kgf, @!cf}F
g]kfnsf] ljz]iftfdf s;/L nfu" ug{] ztfAbLsf] j}1flgs ;dfhjfb /
eGg] ljifodf klg :s'ln eof]. hgd' l St ;] g f;DaGwL 3gLe" t
/0fgLlts /Iff / ;Gt' n gaf/] , :s'lnsf] cfjZostf 5. ;}4flGts,
;+ljwfg;ef, hg;+ljwfg, rf/ cfwf/ /fhLlts j}rfl/s / bfz{lgs;Fu}
/ rf/ tof/Lsf ljifodf :s'ln
eP. clxn] xfdL PsLs[t hgqmflGtsf]
gLlt, g]t[Tj, ;\u7g / ;\3if{af/]
kf6L{n] lnPsf lg0f{oxnfO{ Jojl:yt
:s'lndf 5f}F.
;}4flGts cWoog xfdLn] ug]{
tl/sfn] sfof{ Gjog ug{ :s'ln
dxTjk"0f{ x'G5. casf] b'lgofFdf g]tfn]
ljifo xf]Og kf6L{ gLlt, of]hgf / h] af]n] klg ;xL x'G5 / To;nfO{
sfo{qmdnfO{ 7Ls 9\un] nfu" u/]kl5 sfo{stf{hgtfn] tLgxft pk|m/] tfnL
cfgf] bfloTj k"/f x'G5 eg]/ ;f]Rg' lk6] / ;dy{g u5{g \ eg]/ s;}n ]
unt x'G5. k|f/Dedf Jofjxfl/s ;f]rs ] f] 5 eg] ;Dg';\ ls Tof] dxf
k|lqmofaf6 u'hg| k' /] klg xfdL ToxfFaf6 km6fxf xf].
;} 4 flGts r/0fdf pSng' kb{ 5 . sfo{gLltf/f /0fgLltsf] ;]jf ug{
Jofjxfl/s k| lqmof;Fu} ;} 4 flGts tyf /0fgLltnfO{ b[9tfsf ;fy kqmFb}
k|lqmof klg ;Fu;Fu} s'Flb/x]sf] x'G5 nlIft lzv/ r'Dg :s'ln clgjfo{
eGg] s'/f :jtMl;4 5. x'G5. elgG5 lg csf{n] rkfOlbPsf]
1fg Jojxf/af6 klg k|fKt ug{ vfgf bfFt gePsf aRrf, a"9fkfsf
;lsG5 1fg ;}4flGts cWoogaf6 / ;zStxsf nflu dfq xf]. h;sf]
alnof] bfFt x'G5, pm cfkm}Fn] rkfP/
Jofjxfl/s cg'ejxsf] j}1flgs vfPsf] j:t'sf] :jfb h:tf] dL7f] /
;+Zn]if0f xf]. xfd|f] :s'ln k|lqmof :jflbnf] cn] rkfP/ lbPsf]df sxfF
x'G5< s'8fss{6sf] ;kmfO, gofF
gq aN9\ o f vfOG5. ;/naf6 aLrf/sf] ljsf;;lxt
hl6ntf Jojl:yt :s'ln k4lt xf]. ljZjb[li6sf]0fsf] lgdf{0f g} PsLs[t
g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{n] uDeL/tfk"js { hgqmflGtsf] :s'ln xf].
km];a'sdfly b}lgs ^ 306f k|ltjGw
sf7df8f}F . a+unfb]z ;/sf/n] km];a'sdfly b}lgs ^ 306f k|ltjGw nufpg]
tof/L u/]sf] 5. ;/sf/n] /ftdf ^ 306f;Dd km];a's Ans ug{ nfu]sf] xf].
a+unfb]zL ;dfrf/kq 8]nL :6f/sf cg';f/ dWo/ftb]lv km];a's ^ 306f;Dd
aGb ul/g]5. vf;u/L o'jf tyf ljBfyL{xsf] lxtnfO{ Wofgdf /fVb} ;/sf/n]
o:tf] sbd rfNg yfn]sf] atfOPsf] 5.
klqsfsf cg';f/ dlGqkl/ifbn] 6]lnsd dGqfnonfO{ Ps kq k7fpFb} o:tf]
lgb]z{ g lbO;s]sf] 5. 6]lnsd dxfzfvfsf ;lrj Zofd ;'Gb/ l;Sb/n] ;/sf/af6
o:tf] kq k|fKt eO;s]sf] k'li6 ub}{ o:tf] lg0f{on] Joj;flos ;+rf/df c;/ kfg]{
gkfg]{ ljifodf d"Nof+sg ul/g] atfP. dGqfnonfO{ k7fOPsf] kqdf km];a'n]
ljBfyL{xnfO{ c;/ kfl//x]sf] / o'jfxsf] sfo{Ifdtfdf klg x|f; NofPsf]
pNn]v 5. dGqfnon] a+unfb]zsf] 6]lnsd lgofds cfof]unfO{ o; ljifodf
cfgf] /fo k]z ug{ lgb]z { g lbPsf] 5. 6]lnsd lgofds cfof]un] rfxLF km];a'sdf
k|ltaGw nufpg gx'g] /fo lbg;Sg] atfOPsf] 5. ;f];n g]6js{ k|ltalGwt
ug{s' f] ;f6f] o; ljifodf cleefjs / lzIf0f ;+:yfnfO{ ;xefuL u/fpg'kg]{ dt
p;sf] 5.
efOa/, Xjf6\;Pk h:tf cGo ;f];n ldl8ofx ePsf sf/0fn] km];a's
dfq aGb ubf{ Tof] lg/y{s x'g] / o;/L aGb ubf{ pN6} km];a'sdf w]/} e/ k/]sf
Joj;fodf klg c;/ kg{;Sg] cfof]usf] 7DofO{ /x]sf] kqsf/n] pNn]v u/]sf] 5.
cfof]usf cg';f/ ;/sf/n] /fltdf km];a's aGb ug{s ' f] ;f6f] cleefjsn] cfgf
aRrfaRrLnfO{ km];a'saf6 6f9f /fVgsf nflu Kof/]G6n sG6fn] ;6j]o/, ;]Sof]l/6L
;6j]o/ tyf k|fOe];L lkmr/sf] k|of]u ug{' pko'Qm x'G5. a+unfb]zdf ;/sf/n]
;f];n ldl8ofdf c+sz ' nufpg] k|of; u/]sf] of] klxnf] k6s xf]Og. ;g\ @)!@ df
;/sf/n] @ ;o ^) lbg;Dd o'6o\ a' aGb u/fPsf] lyof].
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sf7df8f}F. @)&# ;fnnfO{ labf
ub}{ z'qmaf/af6 @)&$ ;fn ;'?
ePsf] 5. @)&# df /fhgLlts /
;fdflhs If]qdf 36]sf d'Vo d'Vo
36gfx? o; k|sf/ /x]sf 5g\
cf] n Lla?4 cljZjf;sf] k| : tfj
g]skf Pdfn]sf cWoIf s]kL zdf{
cf]nL g]t[Tjsf] ;/sf/ la?4 sf+u|];
/ dfcf]jfbLsf ;f+;bn] btf{ u/]sf]
cljZjf;sf] k|:tfj jif{ @)&# df
;jf{lws rrf{sf] laifo aGof]. cf]nL
;/sf/n] ah]6 dfkm{t s]xL nf]slk|o
sfo{ q md ;fj{ h lgs u/] k l5
;Qf;fem]bf/ dfcf]jfbLn] lard} cf]nL
;/sf/nfO{ lbPsf] ;dy{g lkmtf{ lnP/
cljZjf;sf] k|:tfj btf{ uof].
cljZjf;sf] k|:jft btf{ ug]{ b'n{e
;+;bLo cEof; eP klg cljZjf;sf]
k|: tfjsf] dtbfg cufj} cf]n Ln]
/fhLgfdf u/]kl5 k|:tfj t'lxof].
pgn] ;+;bdf u/]sf] efif0f klg jif{
)&# df rrf{df /Xof].
k| r 08 bf]; |f ] k6s k| w fgdGqL
cf]nL g]t[Tjsf] ;/sf/ 9fn]kl5
;+;bsf] klxnf] bn g]kfnL sfu|];sf]
;dy{gdf t];f| ] bn dfcf]jfbL s]Gb|sf
cWoIf k'iksdn bfxfn k|r08 bf];|f]
k6s k|wfgdGqL ag]. cb[io zlQmsf]
O;f/fdf k|r08 k|wfgdGqL ag]sf]
cf/f]k ;Qf alxu{dgdf k/]sf] Pdfn]n]
nufof]. x'gklg ;+ljwfg cl:jsf/
u/]sf] eg]sf dw]z s]Gb|Lt bnx?
k|r08nfO{ ef]6 xfNg ;+;bdf cfP.
cf]nLn] k|r08 ;/sf/nfO{ d]8Og ;d
Xj]/, P;]Dan Og g]kfn sf] ;+1f
lbP. tLga'F b] ;xdlt cg'; f/
;/sf/n] sfof{Gjog gu/]sf] eGb}
jif{sf] cGTolt/ df]rf{n] ;/sf/nfO{
lbPsf] ;dy{g lkmtf{ lnof] . /,
ljkIfdf /x]sf] /fk|kfn] pkk|wfgdGqL
lnb}F ;/sf/nfO{ sfFw yfKof].
k|r 08sf] ljb]z e| d0f
k|wfgdGqL ag]sf] s]xL ;dodf
k|r08n] l5d]sL ef/t / rLgsf] e|d0f
u/] . ;/sf/ u7g ePsf] cf7
dlxgfdf k|r08n] ef/tsf] b'O k6s
/ rLgsf] e|d0f ug]{ ca;/ kfP.
ef/t e| d 0fsf] qmddf ePsf
;Def}tfnfO{ ef/tLo b"tfjf;nfO{
;/sf/ ;/x dfGotf lbPsf]
;fj{ef}d;Qf ;'Dk]sf] h:tf cf/f]k
;lxt k| r08 ljafbdf tflgP.
k|r08n] ef/tsf] uf]jfdf ef/tLo
k|wfgdGqL / lrlgof /fi6klt;Fu
lqkIfLo e]6jftf{ ;d]t u/]. r}q
dlxgfdf ePsf] rLg e| d 0fdf
k|r08n] /fi6klt ;L;Fu dxTjk"0f{
e]6jftf{ u/]. k|r08,df]bL / ;L
aLrsf] e]6jftf{sf qmddf ;fj{hlgs
ePsf] kmf]6f] ;d]t rrf{df /x]sf]
lyof]. k|wfdGqL kTgL ;Ltf bfxfnsf]
kmf]6f]n] ;jf{lws rrf{ / cfnf]rgf
;x]sf] lyof].
nf] s dfg la?4 dxfleof] u
clVtof/ b"?kof]u cg';Gwfg
cfof]usf tTsfnLg k|dv ' nf]sdfgl;+x
sfsL{ la?4sf] dxfleof]u k|:tfj
@)&# sf] dxTjk"0f{ 36gf eof]. kbLo
b"?kof]u u/]sf], If]qflwsf/ gf3]sf],
k|ltzf]w ;fw]sf] nufotsf cf/f]k
t]nsf] yf]kfyf]kf hf]ufcf}+
OGwg vr{ 36fcf}+
nufpb} nf]sdfg la?4 Pdfn] /
dfcf]jfbLn] sflQs # df dxfleof]u
k|:tfj btf{ u/]. bnx?n] dxfleof]u
kfl/t ug{ cfn6fn ul//x]sf] ;dodf
;jf]{Rr cbfntn] lgo'QmLdf cof]Uotf
k'u]sf] 7x/fpb} nf]sdfgnfO{ c6fpg]
lg0f{o uof]{.
nf] 8 ;] l 8 cGTo
kl5Nnf aif{df g]kfnsf] d'Vo
;d:of ag]sf] nf]8;]l8 cGTo @)&#
sf] Pp6f pknJwL xf]. g]kfn ljB't
k|flws/0fdf s'ndfg l3l; k|d'v
lgo'Qm ul/Pkl5 sf7df8f}F pkTosf
nufot b]zsf d'Vo ;x/ nf]8;]l8
d'Qm eP. oxL aif{ ld6/ lauf/]/
laB't rf]/L ug]{ k|flws/0fsf sd{rf/L
sfjf{xLdf k/]. nf]8;]l8 cGTo u/]sf
sf/0f s'ndfg aif{e/L rrf{sf kfq
ag].
;+ l jwfg ;+ z f] w g ljw] o s btf{
/ lkmtf{
;/sf/n] k|b]z gDa/ kfFraf6
t/fO / kxf8 cnUofpg]u/L ;+;bdf
;+ljwfg ;+zf]wg ljw]os u/]kl5 d+l;/
b] lv r}q ;Dd o;} sf] ;]/f] km]/f] df
/fhgLltsf] rqm 3'Dof]. t/fO / kxf8
cnu ug{ vf]lhPsf] eGb} klZrdsf
lhNnfx?df cfGbf]ng eP. cGttM
;/sf/n] ;f] ;+zf]wg ljw]os lkmtf{
lnP/ gofF ljw]os btf{ u/fof].
;+zf]wg ljw]ossf] lj/f]w ub}{ ljkIfL
Pdfn]n] ;+;b rNg lbPg eg] kfFr
gDa/ k| b ] z df ;d] t cfGbf] n g
rsf{of].
ef/tLo /fi6kltsf] g]kfn e|d0f
em08} !* aif{ kl5 ef/tsf
/fi6klt k|0fj d'vhL{n] g]kfnsf] e|d0f
u/]. /fi6klt d'vhL{sf] e|d0fsf
qmddf ;/sf/L ljbf lbPsf] eGb}
k|r08 ;/sf/sf] Jofks cfnf]rgf
eof]. ef/tLsf cufl8 nDk;f/
k/] s f] eGb} ;fdflhs ;~hfn
6\jL6/df 6]08 g} rNof]. g]kfndf
rLgsf] ultlawL a9]sf] tyf lrlgof
/fi6kltsf] e|d0f /f]Sg d'vhL{sf]
e|d0f ePsf] ef/tLo ;~rf/ dfWodn]
n]v]. d'vhL{sf] e|d0fkl5 o;};ftf
/fi6klt laBf e08f/Ln] ef/tsf]
e|d0f ub}{l5g\.
Pdfn]sf] d]rL dxfsfnL cleofg
;+ljwfgf/] 5l/Psf e|dsf] cGTo
/ /fli6o :jflwgtfsf] kIfdf eGb}
k|d'v k|ltkIfL bn g]skf Pdfn]n]
kmfu'gdf d]rL dxfsfnL cleofgsf]
cfof]hgf uof]. cfGbf]ngsf] t];|f]
lbg ;Kt/L ;b/d'sfddf Pdfn]sf
;ef ;lsPkl5 k|x/Ln] rnfPsf] uf]nL
nflu % hgfsf] Hofg uof]. ;f]
36gfdf kf6L{ s f] g] t[ Tj klQmsf]
;fd"lxs xTof ug]{ of]hgf /x]sf]
Pdfn]n] bfjL uof]{ . aif{e/L g} Pdfn]
/ dw]zL df]rf{aLr ltQmtfk"0f{ ;DaGw
/xL /Xof].
/fk|kf Pstf / k"m 6
k"j{k~rx?sf] kf6L{ /fk|kf g]kfn
/ /fk|kfsf] Pstf cy{k0" f{ 9+un] eof].
c;f]h dlxgfdf ug]{ elgPsf] Pstf
clGtd ;dodf cfP/ :ylut ePklg
kmfu'gdf /fk|kfsf] Pstf eof]. t/,
Pstf dxflwj]zg ePsf] Ps dlxgfd}
g]kfn cfon lgud lnld6]8
kmf]g g++= $@^@(&), km\ofS; M $@^#$&!
sdn yfkfnfO{ r' g f} tL lbb} 8f u/]kl5 ;jf]R{ r cbfntdf d'2f kof]{ .
a|]ls Go"hdf cfk\mg} >Ldfg\sf]
d[To'sf] ;dfrf/ k9\bf
sf7df8f}F. Ps ;dfrf/ jflrsfn] ;dfrf/ k9\bf k9\b} ha a|]ls Go"h
cfof], ta cfg} kltsf] d[To'sf] ;dfrf/ k9\g afWo eOg\. t/, pgL
k|sfzrGb| nf]xgLn] gofF kf6L{ 3f]if0ff ;jf] { R r cbfntn] ga/fh clnslt klg pbf; / lg/fz eOgg\. cfO{aL;L @$ Rofgndf sfo{/t Ps
u/]. sf]dn jnL b]lv /]vf yfkf;Dd l;njfnnfO{ k|x/L k|dv ' agfpg cfb]z Go"h P/ ;'lk|t sf}/n] cfg} kltsf] d[To'sf] va/ k9\g' k/]sf] xf]. bz{sxnfO{
/fk|kfsf] r'gfjL cleofgdf ;lqmo lbPklg sfo{;Dkfbg d"Nofsg - b]z / b'lgofFsf] va/ ;'gfpg] ;'lk|t sf}/sf] lhGbuLdf To;a]nf b'Mvsf]
/x] / lht] klg. of] 36fgf klg sf;d"_sf] cfwf/df ;/sf/n] k|sfz
rrf{df /Xof]. cfof{nnfO{ k|x/L k|d'vsf] lhDdf
/fi6 k ltsL 5f] / Lsf] lajfx / nufof].
k" j { / fhfsf gftLsf] a| t jGw ckmufg:tfgdf !# hgfsf] d[ T o'
/fi6klt laBfb]jL e08f/LsL sfG5L sfdsf nflu ckmufg:tfg uPsf
5f]/L lg;fs'z'd e08f/Lsf] ljafx !# hgf g]kfnL sfdbf/sf] cft+sf/L
;df/f]xdf k"j/{ fhf 1fg]Gb|sf] pkl:ytL xdnfdf d[To' ePsf] 36gf @)&#
rrf{ / cfZro{sf] laifo aGof].kl5Nnf] c;f/sf] klxnf] ;ftf ePsf] lyof].
/fhgLlts 36gfqmd / u0ftGq la?4 sfa'nl:yt Sofg]8]nL b" tfjf;df
cleJoQmL lbb} lx8\ g ] 1fg] G b| s f] ul/Psf] xdnfdf !# hgf g]kfnL
lztnlgjf; ofqf Pp6f uhasf] ;+of]u sfdbf/sf] d[To' ePkl5 ;/sf/n]
aGg k'Uof]. To:t} k"j{ /fhf 1fg]Gb|sf ckmufg:tfgdf g] kfnL sfdbf/
gftL boGb|sf] a|taGwdf /fi6klt k7fpgdf /f]s nufof]. kxf8 g} v:of], hlta]nf pgn] cfgf kltsf] ;8s b'3{6gfdf d[To' ePsf]
e08f/Lsf] pkl:ytL klg rrf{sf] laifo sfe| ] , wflb / hfh/sf] 6 df a|l] s Go"h cfkm}n
F ] k9\g' kof]. t/, Go"h P/sf] cbDo ;fx; / st{Jolgi7fsf]
aGg k'Uof]. b' 3 { 6 gf ef/te/ k|z+;f ePsf] 5 / pgsf] ;fx;nfO{ ;nfd;d]t eg]sf 5g\. ;fy}
lgjf{r g ldlt 3f]i f0ff sfe|,] wflb / hfh/sf]6df ePsf of] 36gfnfO{ lnP/ b'Mv klg JoQm u/]sf 5g\. 5QL;u9sf d'VodGqL /dg
em08} b'O bzsb]vL x'g g;s]sf] b'3{6gfdf 7"nf] dfgjLo IftL eof]. l;+xn] ;d]t ;'lk|tsf klt xif{b ufj8]sf] d[To'df b'Mv hgfPsf 5g\. 36gf
:yfgLo txsf] ldlt 3f]if0ff o;aif{sf] sfe|sf] jLtf{ b]p/fnLdf ePsf] a; xf], zlgaf/sf]. ha cfO{aL;L @$ Rofgnsf] nfO{e Go"h a'nl] 6gsf] k|zf/0fsf
dxTjk"0f{ /fhgLlts 36gfqmd lyof]. b'3{6gfdf @^ hgfsf] d[To' eof]. qmddf Go"h P/ ;'lk|t sf}/ ;dfrf/ kl9/x]sL lyOg\. ToxLF a]nf ;8s
;/sf/n] @)&$ j}zfv #! ut]sf nflu To:t} wflbdf ePsf] b'3{6gfdf em08} b'3{6gfsf] a|l] s Go"h cfof]. /fli6o /fhdfu{ #%# df ePsf] ;jf/L b'36{ gfdf
lgjf{rgsf] ldlt 3f]if0ff u/]kl5 lgjf{rg Ps bh{gsf] d[To' eof]. kmfu'gdf kfFr hgfsf] Hofg uPsf] lyof], h;df ;'lk|tsf klt klg k/]. l/kf]6{/;Fu
cfof]un] lgjf{rgsf] tof/L u/s]sf] 5. hfh/sf]6df ePsf] a; b'3{6gfdf nfO{e s'/f ubf{ g} P/ ;'lk|t sf}/nfO{ z+sf nfu]sf] lyof] ls b'3{6gfdf d[To'
cfGbf]ng/t dw]zL df]rf{ nufotsf @* hgfsf] d[To' eof]. oL 36gfsf] ePsf JolQmdf pgsf klt klg 5g\. To:tf] cK7]/f] cj:yfdf klg pgn]
bnn] eg] j}zfv #! ut]sf] lgjf{rgdf p4f/df ;/sf/n] tTk/tf b]vfof]. cfk"mnfO{ ;Dxflng\ / k"/f Go"h a'n]l6g kl9g\. Pg8L6LeLsf cg';f/ Go"h
efu glng] atfpb} cfPsf 5g\. k" j{ u[ x dGqL lqz' nLdf a]k Qf a'n]l6g kl9;s]kl5 aNn pgL :6'l8of]af6 aflx/ cfOg\ / ?g yflng\.
;Kt/L ltnf7L 36gf, s~rgk'/ k"j{ u[xdGqL dfwj l3ld/];lxt :6'l8of]af6 aflx/ lg:sgf ;fy pgnfO{ cfkmGtsf] kmf]g klg cfPsf] lyof].
uf] n Lsf08 pgsf] kl/jf/sf ;b:O ;jf/ lhk ;'lk|tsf ;xsdL{sf cg';f/ ;a} ;xsdL{nfO{ pgsf kltsf] d[To'sf] va/ yfxf
@)&# ;fndf ef/tLo kIfaf6 lq;'nL gbLdf v:bf l3ld/] ;lxt % eO;s]sf] lyof]. t/, pgLxdWo] s;}nfO{ klg of] ;To pgnfO{ atfpg]
g]kfnL dfly x'g] u/]sf HofhtLsf hgfsf] d[To' eof]. nfdf] ;do vf]hL lxDdt ePg. 5QL;u9sf d'VodGqL /dg l;+xn] ;d]t ;'lk|tn] b'Mvb\ 38Ldf
36gf sd ePgg. ;fpg dlxgfdf ubf{ ;d]t l3ld/]sf] zj km]nf kg{ klg ;fx;sf ;fy st{Jo lgefPsf] eGb} ;nfd;d]t eg]sf 5g\.
;Kt/Lsf] ltnf7Ldf ef/tLon]
g]kfnLdfly cfqmd0f u/]. kmfu'g
dlxgfdf ef/tLo ;Ldf ;'/Iff an
;s]g. ;+ljwfg;ef lgjf{rg u/fpg
dxTjk" 0 f{ e" ldsf v] n ] sf l3ld/] cf/fh:tf] bft ePsf] df5f
d':tfsf] d'lQmgfydf lkq[ >f4 u/]/ sf7df8f} + . ef/tsf]
P;P;aLsf] uf]nL k|xf/jf6 uf]ljGb kms]{sf lyP. ut aif{ g} /fli6o dxf/fi6 l:yt l;+ w ' b' u{ lhNnfsf]
uf}tdsf] d[To' eof]. ufgsf ;+uLtsf/ cd/ u'?sf] d[To' lahob'u{ ;fd'lb|s t6df df5f dfg]{
pkk| w fgdGqLsf] al/otf nkm8f eof]. qmddf #@ cf]6f bfFt ePsf] b'n{e
aif{sf] cGTolt/ pkk|wfgdGqLsf] jif{sf] clGtd dlxgf r}tdf gofF cf/]df5f ;dfltPsf] 5. cl3Nnf]
al/otf ljafbsf sf/0f dGqLkl/ifb\sf] zlQm;lxtsf sl/a # bh{g bnn] ;f] d af/ :yfgLo df5f dfg] {
a}7s a:g g;Sg] ca:yfsf] ;[hgf r'gfj lrXg lnP/ lgjf{rgdf efu d5'jfxn] hfndf clhasf] df5f
eof]. /fk|kf cWoIf sdn yfkfn] lng kfpg'kg]{ eGb} lgjf{rg cfof]usf] b]vk] l5 aflx/ lgsfn]sf lyP. sl/j
;/sf/df k|wfgdGqL kl5sf] al/otf sfof{no 3]/fp ug]{ sfo{qmd /fv]sf !^ km'6 nfdf] pQm df5f &)) lsnf]
kfpg' kg]{ c8fg /fv] kl5 csf{ lyP. pQm 3] / fpdf k" j { ePsf] / gfsaf6 aflx/ sf7 sf6\g]
pkk|wfdGqL ladn]Gb| lglwn] /fhLgfdf k| w fgdGqL;d] t /x] s f afa' / fd cf/f h:tf] wfl/nf] #@ cf]6f 7"nf
lbg] ;Ddsf vj/ aflx/ cfP. e6fO{;lxt #) a9L g]tf sfo{stf{ 7"nf bfFt /x]sf] :yflgoxn] atfPsf
al/otf ljafbsf sf/0f pkk|wfgdGqL kqmfp k/]. k|x/Ln] lgoGq0fdf lng] 5g\. ;d'b|df sd}dfq kfOg] of]
dGqLkl/ifb\ a}7sdf uPgg\. qmddf gofF zlQmsL g]t[ Pj+ afa'/fd df5fsf] jf:tljs gfd eg] ;lkm; -
cfOhLkL k| s /0f kTgL lxl;nf odLn] nufPsf] gf/f cf/fdf5f_ tyf sf/k]06/ zfs{
g]kfn k|x/Lsf] dxflgl/Ifs - rrf{df /Xof]. of] b]z vf/]h u/ elgG5.
cfOhLkL_ k| s /0fnfO{ lnP/ eGb} gf/f nuPsf] eGb} ;fdflhs l;+ w ' b' u{ lhNnf k| d ' v pbo
bnx?aLr nfdf] lajb eof] . ;~hfndf 608 g} rNof]. h;sf rf}w/Lsf cg';f/ :yfgLo d5'jf d'gL/
;/sf/n] t] ; | f ] al/otfdf /x] s f sf/0f pgn] kqsf/;Dd]ng u/]/} d'hfjf/n] cfOtaf/ yfk]sf] hfndf
hoaxfb'/ rGbnfO{ k|x/L k|d'v lgo'Qm dfkmL dfu]sL lyOg\. ;lkm; k/]sf] / ;f]daf/dfq} yfxf kfP/ kfFr hgf ldn]/ lemlsPsf] atfP.
:yfgLo d5'jf d'hfjf/n] ;lkm; &)) lsnf]sf] /x]sf] / nfdf] gfs;+u
n]v, /rgf;DaGwL ;"rgf hf]l8Psf] d'vdf #@ cf]6f wfl/nf] bfFt ePsf] atfP. pgn] eg]d}n]
yfk]sf] hfndf df5fsf] gfs cNem]sf] lyof]. l;+w'b'u{ lhNnfsf] blIf0f
o; ;fKtflxsdf k|sfzgfy{ /fli6ocGt/f{li6o dxTjsf aGbufxdf zfs{df5f cjnf]sgsf] nfuL k|l;4 dflgG5. ;ft k|hftLdf dfq}
n]v, /rgf / tl:j/x pknAw u/fO{ ;xof]u k'ofpg' x'g /x]sf] ;lkm; ef/t, O/fg, >Ln+sf, au+nfb]z, dn]l;of Dofgdf/ nufotsf]
;DalGwt ;a}df cg'/f]w ul/G5. k|fKt ;dfrf/ / /rgfx b]zxdf sd} dfq kfOG5. ;fy} ;lkm;nfO{ df5f ;+/If0fstf{xn] lgs6
k|sflzt ug]{gug]{ ;Dk"0f{ clwsf/ ;Dkfbsdf lgxLt x'g]5. eljiod} k[YjLaf6 nf]k x'g] df5fsf] ;"rLdf ;lkm; /x]sf] pNn]v u/]sf
k|sflzt gePsf ;fdu|Lx lkmtf{ gul/g] ePsfn] cfk"m;Fu 5g\.
d"nk|lt /fv]/ dfq k7fpg'xf]nf. o;k|sf/sf] df5f ef/tdf ljqmLlat/0f ug{ /f]s nufOPsf]n] dx+uf]
If]Kof:q ;fKtflxs /sddf t:s/L x'g] lhNnf k|dv ' rf}w/Ln] atfP. pgsf cg';f/ lgodfg';f/
&) k|ltzt df5fnfO{ hxfFaf6 ;dfltPsf] xf] Tolx+ 5f]8g\ k' 5{ cGoyf ;/sf/sf]]
;+/If0fdf /fVg'k5{. cGt{/fli6o k|s[lt ;+/If0f ;+3 -cfOl;o"Pg_n] o;
yfkfufp, sf7df8f}+, kmf]gM (*$!$)#*%!
E-mail : chhepyastra@gmail.com k|hftLsf] df5fnfO{ s'g} xfgL u/] cGt{/fli6o jGohGt' ;+/If0f P]g !(&@
cGt{ut sf/jflx ug]{ ub{5. Ph]G;L
;fd;'nfO{ !@ s/f]8 hl/jfgf
sf7df8f}F. rLgsf] cbfntn] ;d;' On]S6f]lgS;nfO{ rLlgofF df]afOn
sDkgL x'jfj]sf] al4s ;DklQ -k]6]G6 /fO6_ rf]/]sf] 7x/ ub}{ * s/f]8
rLlgofF o'cfg -nueu ? !@ s/f]8_ /sd hl/jfgf ltg{ cfb]z lbPsf] 5.
lala;Ln] hgfPcg';f/ ;fd;'n] @) eGbf a9L df]8]nsf :df6{kmf]g tyf
6\ofAn]6df cg'dltlagf cfgf] k|ljlw gSsn u/]sf] eGb} x'jfj]n] ;fd;'la?4
d'2f bfo/ u/]sf] lyof]. rLgsf] SjfGemfpl:yt Ps cbfntn] x'jfj]sf]
af}l4s ;DklQsf] rf]/L u/]sf] 7x/ ub}{ ;fd;'n] x'jfj]nfO{ * s/f]8 lrlgofF
o'cfg hl/jfg ltg{'kg]{ km};nf u/]sf] xf]. ;fd;'n] slDtdf cfgf !)
cf]6f k] 6] G6 /fO6 xgg\ u/]s f] eGb} rLgsf] ;] Gem] g / cd]l/sfsf]
Soflnkmf]lg{ofl:yt cbfntdf d'2f bfo/ u/]sf] lyof]. cfOkmf]g;Fu ;fd;'sf]
k]6]G6 clwsf/sf] lajfbsf] rrf{ o; cl3 cfO/]sf] lyof] eg] kl5Nnf] ;do
x'jfj];Fu klg k]6]G6 clwsf/nfO{ lnP/ ljjfb a9\g yfn]sf] 5.
 @)&$ ;fn j}zfv # ut] cfOtaf/
@)&$ ;fnsf] /flzkmn
d]i f M ebf};Dd >LdtL tyf
s'6'Da;Fu ljjfb kg]{, clUg, ljh'nL
OToflbaf6 gf]S;fgLsf] eo /xg] /
zq'af6 cg]s k|sf/sf] lag afwf
kl//xg] eP tfklg To;kl5 /fhsLo
;Ddfg, ;/sf/L sd{rf/Laf6 ;xof]u
/fd|f] kfOg]. :jf:Yo /fd|f] /xg].
h'g;'s} sfo{df ;kmntf /fd|f] kfOg].
s'g} gofF j|t, kj{, pT;jdf ;xefuL
x'g kfOg] b]lvG5. Aoj;flos If]qsf]
nufgLaf6 cfly{s nfedf a9f]Q/L
x'g]5. jf}l4s If]qsf sfd aGg]5g\
eg] cfDbfgLdf ;d]t j[l4 x'g]5.
;fdflhs Pj+ /fhg}lts If]qaf6
dfg;Ddfg kfOg]5. gf]s/Ldf k|z; + Lo
sfd ugf{ n ] yk ;' ljwfsf ;fy
k|lti7fdf j[l4 x'g]5. k|lt:kwf{ Pj+
k| l tof] l utfdf ;kmntfsf ;fy
k'/:sf/ xft kg]{5. ;fpg, sflQs
/ r}t dlxgf ;d:of o'Qm x'g]5g\.
a[if M ebf};Dd gf]s/Ldf /x]sf
;d:of ;dfwfg x'g]5g\ eg] efUon]
;fy lbg] sf/0f yf]/} kl/>dn] clws
kmfObf sdfpg ;lsg] 5. x/] s
sfddf c;n ldq / cfkmGtsf]
;xof]u /xg'sf ;fy} k/fqmd ;d]t
a9\g]5. cWoogsf] ?rLn] lzIff
If]qdf k|ult x'g5
] . wg a9\g], pGglt
k|
ultdf /fd| f ] hfF u / cfpg] .
5f]/f5f]/Laf6 pknlAwk"0f{ sfd x'g]
b]lvG5 eg] To;k5L >LdtL tyf
s'6'Da;Fu ljjfb kg]{, clUg, ljh'nL
OToflbaf6 gf]S;fgLsf] eo /xg] /
zTaf6 cg] s k| s f/sf] lag
afwk/L /xg] b]lvG5. /fhg}lts
If]qdf lj/f]wLx? ;lqmo /xg] sf/0f
ckdfg ;xg' k g] { 5 . Aofkf/df
lgoldttf /xnf. gofF ;f]r / gofF
sfo{sf] z'ef/De of] jif{ x'g]5. e|d0f
/ dgf] /~hgsf If]qdf vr{ j[ l4
x'g]5. h]7, c;f]h / df3 dlxgfdf
em0em6 / ljjfb x'g]5.
ldy' g M of] ;fn ebf} ; Dd
dfgl;s czflGt a9\g,] 7fpF kl/jt{g
ug{' kg]{, bfh' efOdf ljjfb kg]{5.
t/ To;k5L wg a9\g,] pGglt k|ultdf
/fd|f] hfFu/ cfpg]. 5f]/f5f]/Laf6
pknlAwk"0f{ sfd x'g] 5. gf]s/Ldf
/x]sf ;d:of ;dfwfg x'g]5g\ eg]
efUon] ;fy lbg] sf/0f yf]/} kl/>dn]
clws kmfObf sdfpg ;lsg]5. x/]s
sfddf c;n ldq / cfkmGtsf]
;xof]u /xg'sf ;fy} k/fqmd ;d]t
a9\g]5. cWoogsf] ?rLn] lzIff
If]qdf k|ult x'g]5. h]7, c;f]h /
df3 dlxgfdf em0em6 / ljjfb x'g5] .
ss{6 M jif{sf] z'?df s'6'Da;Fu
ljjfb, lagafwf dfq} kg]{, dfglzs
czflGt a9\g], 7fpF kl/jt{g ug{' kg]{,
bfh' efOdf ljjfb kg],{ n]vfO k9fOdf
hfu/ gnfUg] / plrt Wofg glbObf
lzIff If]q ;an /xg] 5}g. t/, ebf}
kl5 j}b]lzs If]qsf cw'/f sfd aGg]
/ gofF sfdsf] cj;/ xft kg]{5.
dxTjk"0f{ sfd aGg] / cfsl:ds
wgsf] nfe eO{ g} /xg]5. j}jflxs
aGwgdf afFlwg] / ;Gtfg k|flKtsf]
;d]t pQd nIf0f b]lvG5. tkfO{+sf]
k| u ltdf 8fxf ug] { x ? z/0fdf
cfpg]5g\. c;f/, sflQs / kmfu'g
dlxgf :jf:Yo / vr{sf b[li6sf]0fn]
cz'e /xg]5g\.
l;+x M ;'?df Aofkf/ Joj;fo /
lghL sfdaf6 dgUo wg nfe x'g]5.
d'vdf 3fp vl6/fsf] k|sf]k, bfFt /
g;f;DaGwL ;d:ofn] ;tfpg ;S5.
gf]s/L ckh; nfu] klg ;fdflhs
Pj+ /fhg}lts If]qaf6 ;'v / ;Gtf]if
x'g]5. ;a} k|sf/sf] k|l;l4 kfOg],
dfg;Ddfgdf j[l4, pGglt k|ult
/fd|f] x'g], h'g;'s} >f]taf6 klg wg
cfpg] df}sfx ldNg] ePtf klg ebf}
k5L s'6'Da;Fu ljjfb, lagafwf dfq}
kg] { kbLo lhDd] j f/L axg ubf{
ckhz cfOnfUg] 5. cgfjZos 8/
/ lrGtfn] dgdf 8]/f hdfpg]5.
ljjfb / em0em6df km:g] sf/0f em}
emu8fdf cufl8 a9\g' plrt x'g5 ] g} .
c;f/ dlxgfdf 3/ 38]/L hf]l8g] /
k';, df3df ;jf/L ;fwg tyf 3/sf]
nfe x'g]5. h]7, ;fpg, d+l;/ /
r}t dlxgf ;fdfGo kmnbfoL /xnfg.
sGof M ebf};Dd ;a} k|sf/ sf]
k|l;l4 kfOg], dfg;Ddfgdf j[l4,
pGglt k| ult /fd| f ] x' g ] , gf] s /L
ug]{x?sf nflu sfo{ If]qaf6 k|z+;f
/ ;Ddfg kfOg]5. kb k|lti7f a9\g]
/ ;'ljwfsf ;fy :yfgfGt/0f x'g]5.
cWoogdf ?rL a9\g] / z}lIfs If]qdf
;kmn eOg]5. j}b]lzs /f]huf/L
;Gtf]ifhgs /xg]5. xf]6n Pj+ k]o
kbfy{sf] Aofkf/ km:6fpg]5 eg] gfd
/ bfd b'j} sdfpg ;kmn eOg]5.
h'g;'s} >f]taf6 klg wg cfpg] ePtf
klg To;k5L ljkl/t kmn ldNg]5.
zq' ;lqmo /xg] sf/0f x/]s sfo{df
uf]kgLotfsf ;fy sfd ug{' plrt
x'g5
] . 3/fo;L ;d:ofn] h/f] uf8\g5 ] dg cl:y/ aGg] 5 . af] n Lsf]
eg] unt AolQmsf] k|;+uaf6 k|]ddf
km:g ;Sg] / To;af6 emg kL8faf]w
x'g] Pj+ wgsf] ;d]t gf; x'g;Sg]
sf/0f ld7f] af]Ng]x?af6 6f9f /xg'
plrt x'g]5. h]7, c;f/, ;fpg,
d+l;/ / kmfu'g dlxgf cfly{s Pj+
;'vsf b[li6n] z'e /x]sf 5g.
t'nf M ebf};Dd zf]s cfOnfUg],
Joy{sf] ljjfbdf clNeg' kg],{ wgxfgL,
clgi6 vj/ kfOg], dgdf cgfjZos
8/n] ;tfpg] 5. wgxfgL, clgi6
vj/ kfOg], dgdf cgfjZos 8/n]
;tfpg] 5. t/ To;k5L u'? cg'sn " lljwf 5fpg]5. j}b]lzs sfo{n]
/xgfn] k7gkf7g If]qdf /fd|f] k|ult
x'g]5. ;fem]bf/L Aoj;fodf ljjfb
kg]{ / :jJoj;fo km:6fpg]5. j}bl] zs
If]qsf] sfd s8f d]xg]t / lg/Gt/sf]
k|of;af6 aGg]5. hUuf hldg tyf
;jf/L ;fwgsf] vl/b ug]{ of]u /fd|f]
5. h]7, c;f]h, / df3 dlxgfdf
sfd gaGg] / vr{ a9\g]h:tf cz'e
kmn x'g]5.
j[lZrs M jif{sf] dWo;Dd wg
cfpg], gofF >f]t a9\g] 5, cfF6]sf
;a} sfddf ;kmntf kfOg] 5. gofF
kb, k]zf hdLg, Jofkf/df nufgL
ubf{ /fd|f] nfe kfOg] 5. gofF sfo{sf]
z'ef/Den] dgdf zflGt 5fpFg]5.
plrt x'g]5. t/ To;k5L b'Mv, zf]s
cfOnfUg], 7fpF kl/jt{g x'g]. Joy{sf]
ljjfbdf clNeg' kg]{, wgxfgL, clgi6
vj/ kfOg], dgdf cgfjZos 8/n]
;tfpg] 5. kltkTgLaLr
cljZjf;sf] ;+s6 b]vf kg]5 { . c;f/,
c;f]h, sflQs / kmfu'g dlxgf g/fd|f
/x]sf 5g\. cWoog If]q z'e 5.
wg' M jif{sf] dWo;Dd wgsf] xfgL,
/fhgLltdf ckh;, gf]s/Ldf v'f
tfGg] k|j[lQsf] ljsf; x'g] / em'f
cf/f]k nfUg]5. sfddf l9nf;':tL
x'g]5. zq' ;lqmo /xg]5g\. cfly{s
;+ s 6n] ;tfpg] 5 . cfkmGtx?
n] g b] g sf] sf/0fn] 6fl9g] 5g\ .
Jofkf/df dGbL x'gfn] ;f]rc
] g'?k nfe
x'g]5}g\. t/ To;kl5 wg cfpg],
cfF6]sf ;a} sfddf ;kmntf kfOg]
5. gofF kb, k]zf hdLg,Jofkf/df
nufgL ubf{ /fd|f] nfe kfOg] 5.
efUosf] k|antfn] ;lhn};uF sfdddf
;kmntf xft nfUg] tyf dfgl;s
k|zGgtfn] dg cfglGbt /xg] 5.
;fpg, d+l;/, r}q dlxgf cfly{s
b[li6n] cz'e /x]sf 5g\.
ds/ M kl/jf/df cfpg] ljjfbn]
c;+odtfn] em'f cf/f]k nfUg] /
dgd'6fj ;d]t x'g]5. gf]s/Ldf
Voflt a9\g]5. gofF ;f]r larf/ /
nufgLsf dfWodx? tF5f8d5f8
u/]/ cfpg]5g\. Jofkf/ Joj;fosf]
j[l4n] cfly{s ;Gt'ng sfdo /fVg
d2t ug]{5. zq'x? k|lti7f lu/fpg
tNnLg /xg] 5g\. wfld{s ultljlwdf
cf:yf a9\g]5. Oi6ldqx? ;xof]uL
aGg]5g\. /fhgLltdf ;Ddflgt x'g]
cj;/ gcfpnf eGg ;lsGg. /fd|f]
gf]s/Lsf] k|:tfj cfpgfn] dgdf
nfeflGjt eOg]5 eg] /dfOnf] Pj+
gofF 7fpFsf] e|d0f x'g]5. kl/jf/ Pj+
;Gtfgdf cfpg] :jf:Yo ;d:ofn]
lrGtf ylkg]5. n]vg ;flxTo If]qaf6
dfg;Ddfg kfOg]5. c;f/, c;f]h,
sflt{s / d+l;/ dlxgf cfly{s b[li6n]
z'e /x]sf 5g\. zq' a9\g] sf/0f
c?sf] ljifodf rf;f] /fVg' plrt
x'g]5}g. k|d] k|;u+ n] tgfj lgDTofpg
;S5.
s'De M jif{sf] dWo;Dd aGwgdf
kg{' kg], l/; Hofbf p7\g], dgdf 8/
alg /xg], st}af6 clgi6 / cz'esf]
va/ ;'Gg' kg]{ ePtf klg ebf} k5L
wgk|flKt, cf/fd ldNg], kTgL 5f]/f
5f]/Laf6 ;xof]u /fd|} x'g]. cf}Bf]lus
Joj;fosf] ;~rfng /fd|f] /xg]5.
cg]s lsl;dsf /Tgnfe, 3/ lgdf{0f
/ hUuf hldg vl/b ljqmLsf] of]u
5. snf If]qdf nfu]sfnfO{ kmnbfoL
jif{ 5. wgnfesf gofF ;|f]tx?
a9\ g ] 5 g eg] Jofkf/ Joj;fo
;f]r]cg'?k rNgfn] dgUo wgnfe
x'g]5. k7gkf7gdf ?rL a9\gfn]
z}lIfs If]qdf ;kmntf ldNg]5.
dLg M jif{sf] dWo;Dd /fhsLo
;Ddfg, ;/sf/L sd{rf/Laf6 ;xof]u
/fd|f] kfOg]. :jf:Yo /fd|f] /xg]. h'g;'s}
sfo{df ;kmntf /fd|f] kfOg]. s'g} gofF
j|t, kj{, pT;jdf ;xefuL x'g kfOg]
ePtf klg To;k5L s'g} st}af6
clgi6 / cz'esf] va/ ;'Gg' kg]{.
c?sf] axsfpdf nfu]/ ;fem]bf/L
sfddf nufgL ug{' plrt gePsf]
sf/0f ;fem]bf/L Joj;fodf xft
gxfNg' g} plrt x'g]5. unt ;Nnfx
;'emfjn] unt 7fFpdf km:g ;Sg]
sf/0f vfglkg / ;fyL ;+utLdf
;hutf ckgfpg' plrt x'g] 5.
c;f/, sflt{ s / kmfu'g dlxgf
si6bfos /x]sf 5g\.
;fj{h lgs
:yfgdf kmf]x f]/
kmfn] d f
hl/jfgfdf
kl/G5.
5
3gf h+undf afb/sf] x'ndf PSnL aflnsf
sf7df8f}F. ef/tsf] pQ/ k|b]zl:yt ax/fOr lhNnfsf] Ps 3gf hu+ndf
afFb/sf] x'n;Fu} v]ln/x]sL Ps aflnsf km]nf k/]sL l5g\. ax/fOrsf
;aOGk]S6/ ;'/]z ofbjn] st{lgo3f6sf] h+undf lgoldt u:tLsf] qmddf
Ps aflnsf afFb/x?sf] em'G8df ;Fu} lrRofO/x]sf] cj:yfdf km]nf kf/]sf
x'g\. ofbjn] afFb/sf] em'G8df tL aflnsf km;]sf] ;f]r]/ p4f/sf nflu
cufl8 a9\bf pgL afFb/x?;Fu v]ln/x]sf] atfPsf 5g\. pgn] PSn} p4f/
ug{ g;s]kl5 c? k|x/Lsf] ;xof]udf tL aflnsfnfO{ p4f/ ug{ vf]Hbf
aflnsfn] afFb/sf] h:t} z}nLdf lj/f]w u/]sL lyOg\. ;fy} afFb/x?n] ;d]t
lj/f]w u/]sf lyP. of] ;a} lqmofsnfk b]v]/ cfk"mx? crDddf k/]sf]
p4f/stf{ k|x/Lx?n] atfPsf 5g\. p4f/sf] qmddf tL aflnsfnfO{ rf]6k6s
nfu]kl5 ;fd'bflos :jf:Yo s]Gb| ldlxk'/df k|fylds pkrf/ u/L xfn
lhNnf c:ktfndf egf{ ul/Psf] 5. aflnsf e]l6Pkl5 ;a}sf] rf;f] a9]sf]
5. 36gfnuQ} afn/f]u ljz]if1x? c:ktfn k'u]sf 5g\. t/, tL aflnsf
s]xL af]Ng g;Sg] / afFb/sf]h:t} xfpefp ug]{ ePsf]n] pkrf/df sl7g
ePsf] ax/fOr lhNnf c:ktfnn] pNn]v u/]sf] 5. ax/fOrsf :yfgLo
kqsf/ chLd ldhf{n] tL aflnsfsf] Jojxf/ afFb/sf]h:tf] ePsf] atfP.
pgn] eg] tL aflnsfn] ;xL tl/sfn] vfg;d]t hfg]sL 5}g. lhNnf
lrlsT;s k|d'v 8f= 8Ls] l;+xn] ;fdfGo pkrf/kl5 ljz]if pkrf/ /
cg';Gwfgsf] nflu nvgp d]l8sn sn]h k7fOg] atfP. pgnfO{ clxn] ;fdflhs
;~hfnx?df xlnp8 lkmNd b h+un a'ssf] d'Vo kfq df]unL;Fu t'ngf
ul/Psf] 5. k|x/Lsfcg';f/ afFb/sf] aLrdf tL aflnsf lagfsk8f e]l6PsL
lyOg\. tL aflnsfnfO{ p4f/ u/]kl5 tL afFb/sf em'G8x?n] glhssf] a:tLx?df
cfP/ dflg;x?nfO{ cfqmd0f u/]sf] atfOPsf] 5. lhNnf k|dv ' chobLk l;+xn]
tL aflnsfnfO{ e]6/] jgb'uf{sf] pkgfd lbPsf 5g\. Ph]G;L
b]jLnfO{ v'zL kfg{ cfdfsf] anL
sf7df8f}F. cGwljZjf;sf sf/0f ef/t, klZrd a+ufndf Ps o'jsn]
cfg} cfdfsf] xTof u/]sf 5g\. ef/tLo ;+rf/dfWodx?sf cg';f/ klZrd
a+ufnsf] k'?lnof lhNnfdf slyt Ps tflGqsn] b]jLsf] d"lt{;fd' cfg}
cfdfsf] anL r9fPsf x'g\. k|x/Ln] xTof cleof]udf #% jifL{o gf/fo0f
dxtf]nfO{ kqmfp u/]sf] 5. pgn] cfgL %% jifL{o cfdf km'nLb]jLsf] xTof
u/]sf] k|x/Lsf] egfO 5. k|x/Lsf cg';f/ cfk"mnfO{ tflGqs eGg] gf/fo0fn]
;kgfdf b]jLn] lbPsf] ;Nnfx cg';f/ cfdfsf] anL r9fPsf] :jLsf/ u/]sf
5g\. gf/fo0fn] wfl/nf] xltof/ k|of]u u/L 3fF6L sf6]/ cfdfsf] xTof u/]sf
x'g\. 36gfnuQ} xltof/;lxt bfh'sf] 3/ k'u]/ gf/fo0fn] cfdfsf] anL
r9fPsf] atfPsf lyP. k|x/Lsf cg';f/ gf/fo0fn] b]jLsf] d"lt{;fd" cfk"mn]
cfdfsf] anL r9fPsf] :jLsf/ u/]sf 5g\. b]jLn] ;kgfdf cfk"mnfO{ cfdfsf]
anL r9fpg cfb]z lbPsf] klg pgn] k|x/L;dIf hgfPsf 5g\. l5d]sLx?sf
cg';f/ gf/fo0f tflGqs ljBfdf nfu]sf lyP. pgn] 3/d} sfnL b]jLsf]
dlGb/ agfPsf lyP. pgL ljleGg k|sf/sf tflGqs lqmofdf nfUb} cfPsf]
l5d]sLx?sf] egfO 5. Ph]G;L
Hofgdf/f ?v
sf7df8f}F. k|s[ltsf] xl/ofnL ;a}nfO{ Kof/f] nfU5. cem udL{df xl/of]
?vsf] 5xf/Ldf a:g s;nfO{ dg nfUb}g /< t/ s]xL ?v olt vt/gfs
x' G 5g\ , h;sf]
5] p5fpdf k'Ug' klg
dflg;sf nflu d[To'sf]
sf/0f aGg ;S5.
;fdfGo ?v em} b]lvg]
;/a] / f cf] 8 f] n d
Hofgdf/f ?v dflgG5.
x] bf{ ;' Gb/ nfUg] of]
?vn] dflg;nfO{
:jfefljs ?kdf
cfslif{t u5{ t/ of] ?v olt vt/gfs x'G5 ls, o;sf] ;Dks{df k'Ug]
dflg;sf] Hofg hf]lvddf kb{5. of] ?vs} sf/0f k|To]s xKtf sDtLdf klg
Ps hgfsf] d[To' x'g] u/]sf] atfOG5. of] ?v lgs} ljiffn' x'G5. j}1flgsx?sf
cg';f/ ljZjd} kfOg] ljiffn' ?vdWo] of] ;jf{lws vt/gfs xf]. of] ?vdf
/x]sf] ljif dflg;sf] z/L/df k|j]z u/]df d'6'sf] w8sg a9\g], jfsjfsL
nfUg], 6fpsf] b'Vg]h:tf ;d:of x'G5. o;n] bosf] sfo{ k|0ffnL /
PGhfOD;nfO{ rfF8} c;/ ub{5. h;sf sf/0f dflg;sf] d[To' x'G5.
j}1flgsx?sf cg';f/ of] ?vdf kfOg] ljif dflg;sf] z/L/df k|j]z u/]df
s'g} ljiffn' OGh]S;g;/x dflg;sf nflu d[To'sf] sf/0f aGb5. of] ?v
ef/t;lxt blIf0f k"jL{ Pl;ofsf s]xL d'n'sdf kfOG5. Ph]G;L
 6 @)&$ ;fn j}zfv # ut] cfOtaf/
g]kfnn] l;lSsdaf6 l;Sg'kg]{ s'/fx?
;fyLefO, kl/jf/;Fu} ofqfsf] ldlt
to eof]. h;/L klg tgfj, sf]nfxn,
w'jfFwn' f] tyf eL8ef8o'Qm /fhwfgLsf]
zxl/of hLjgaf6 s]lx ;do d'Qm
x'g'lyof] ;a}nfO{. ofqf slDtdf Ps
xKtf elgPsfn] ;a}nfO{ ;d] l6g
xDd]xDd] g} lyof]. To;}n] klg tLg
kl/jf/af6 aRrfaRrL ;lDdlntsf]
!) hgf dfqsf] l6d tof/ eof].
g]kfn aflx/sf] g]kfn cyf{t l;lSsd
ofqfsf] nflu. kmfu'gsf] klxnf] xKtfsf]
nflu tDtof/ ;fyLx?, s]lx lbg
k|fljlws sf/0fn] /f]lsg' kof]. slxn]
;jf/L Joj:yfkg t slxn] ofqfdf
lxF8g\ lglZrt ePsf dWo]nfO{ :jf:Yodf
crfgs cfPsf] ;d:of. v}/, tL
;d:ofsf afah'b kmfu'gsf] klxnf] xKtf
sf7df8f}F vfN8f] 5f]8g\ ] lg0f{o eof].
b'O 6f ;;fgf lghL uf8L lnP/
l;Gw'nLalb{af; x'bF } a]lkmqmL kfl/jfl/s
ofqf ;'? eof], laxfg}. ofqfdf ;xefuL
dWo] clwsf+;sf] l;lSsd ofqf, v'Nb'nL
tyf gofF cg'e"ltsf] cfzfdf s]Gb|Lt
lyof]. ;"rgf k|ljlw;Fu ufFlhPsf] ;fgf]
;+;f/ leq s} lglZrt e"efusf] aofg
hf] o'6\o"a b]lv ljsLk]l8of;Ddn]
pbff] u/]sf] ePklg k|ToIf cg'el" tsf]
nflu eg] cfsif{s s]Gb| lyof] g}. d"Vo
uGtJo tyf k"jL{ g]kfnsf] af6f] x'Fb}
e]l6g] l;Gw'nLu9L, ;Ktsf]zL, k"j{
klZrd /fhdfu{ 5]pdf nfUg] ;;fgf
xf6 ahf/ b]lv pnf{af/Lsf] lrofaufg
;Demg nfossf 5g\. tL dl;gf
uGtJo l5rf]Nb} t];f| ] lbgsf] laxfgL;Fu}
xfdL d]rL gu/af6 g]kfnL e"ld 5f]8g\ ]
tv{/df k'Uof}+.
;;fgf gfgLx?, ^% gf3]sf d]/L
cfdfsf ofqf ;s;tfnfO{ dWogh/
u/L sfF s8lef 5]pdf /f] lsPsf
UofGtf]s n]lvPsf ef/tLo gDa/
Kn]6sf hLk ;dfTg k'Uof}+. g]kfnL
gDa/ Kn]6sf ;jf/L ;fwg ef/t
l5/fpg Tolt ;xh gePsf] kfof}+
hlt l;lSsd tyf klZrd a+ufnsf
uf8L g]kfn l55{g\. To;}n] klg Tof]
emGem6 la;]{/ l;lSsdsf] /fhwfgL
ufGtf]s lxF8\g] hLkdf xfdL ;jf/
eof} + . a; kfs{ ; F u } s f] 5fk| f ] d f
vf]lnPsf tL k;ndf lrof gf:tf
;sfP/ Pp6} hLkdf sf]lrP/ 3G6f}+
;Dd si6s/ ofqf u/]sf] :d/0fLo
/xg]5. Tof] ;fgf] hLk h;df xfdL
bz, rfns Ps tyf cGo # u/L
hDdf !$ hgf ofq' gS;naf/L,
l;nu'8L x'Fb} l6i6f gbLsf] lsgf/}
lsgf/ kxf8L af6f] plSnof}+. gofF
7fpFsf] pT;'stf;Fu} ;fpy l;lSsddf
a;f]af; ug]{ /fh]Gb| k|wfg ;/;Fusf]
6]lnkmf]g ;Dks{sf] cfwf/df s]lx 306f
kZrft /Dkm' k'Uof}+. g]kfnL d"nsf
ef/tLo hLk rfnssf] ;xof]udf
Sjf/]G6fOg clkm;df k'u]/ g]kfnL
gful/stf b]vfP/ cfjlws a;fO{sf]
cg'dlt kq, kf; klg agfof}+. geGb}
klZrd a+ufn / l;lSsd /fHosf]
l;dfgf, /Dkm'd} cfOk'u] gfDyfsf]
t'?af6 pgL ;/ xfdLnfO{ l/l;e
ug{. /, z'? eof] TolxFaf6 cf}krfl/s
?kdf l;lSsd ofqf. ;'?sf] lbgdf
olt w]/} cfltYo kfof}+ ls h;n] lj=;=
@)%& ;fnsf] ;Kt/Lsf] /fhlj/fh
a;fOsf] ;Demgf lbnfof]. clht emf
;/sf] k|0fo aGwg ;df/f]x;Fu} g/]Gb|
>] i 7 nufot xfdLn] kfPsf]
dw] z Lx?sf] Tof] cltly ;Tsf/
;DejtM ;Demg nfossf] 5. a;\
To:t} :t/sf] ;Tsf/, kmfu'g * ut]
xfdL b;nfO{ /fh]Gb| k|wfg tyf pxfFsf]
kl/jf/n] ug{'eof]. /Dkm'af6 sl/j
$% ldg]6sf] ofqf;Fu} k'us ] f] Tof] ;'Gb/
3/, ;f]xL 3/df a:g] uf}k|f0fL tyf
pgLx?sf] cfltYotf, d]/f] hLjgsf
clt:d/0fLo If0f dWo]sf x'g\. k'Ug]
lalQs} ;kmf lunf;df el/Psf lgd{n
kfgL, nuQ} lasf]{ /flvPsf ;]/fldS;
skdf kl:sPsf tL lrof, cfFvf
lrlDnP/ d cem} k6s k6s ;lDemg
rfxG5'.
cem ;fFem 9lNsP;Fu} cfFugdf
a;]/ ufPsf tL ;bfaxf/ uLtn]
Psftkm{ jf:tljs :jlu{o cfgGbsf]
cg'e"lt lbnfPsf] lyof] eg] csf]{lt/
;f]xL 3/sf 3/d"nL;Fusf] jftf{nfk
s]= s]= dfgGw/
d]/fnflu cfkm}df gofF l;Sg] df}sf
eOlbof]. vu]Gb| k|wfg >]i7frfo{ hf]
g]jf/ ;+:s[lt, efiff, lnlk k|j4{gsf
cleoGtf lyP, pgL;Fusf] d]/f] ;+jfb
pknlAwd"ns /Xof]. g]kfn aflx/
a;]/ klg g]kfnLTj df]x b]vfpg] /
k| ; f/ ug{ d f ;+ : yfut ?kdf
;anLs/0f ug]{ pgL ;zQm JolQmTj
x'g\ eGbf cTo'QmL gxf]nf. pgL
l;lSsd s} pbfx/0fLo tf/f x'g\
h;af6 xfdLn] w]/} s'/f l;Sg ;S5f}+.
z'?sf] Ps lbg /fh]Gb| ;/sf a'jf
vu]Gb| k|wfgsf] 3/df a;]/ afFsL @
lbg eg] /fhwfgL UofGtf] s sf]
ltAat/f] 8 df cjl:yt xf] 6 ndf
latfof}+ . ;f] cjlwdf d}n] l;lSsdaf6
$ s'/fx? l;Sg] df}sf kfPF, hf] g]kfnn]
nfu' ug{ ;s] ;+ q md0fsfnLg
/fhgLlts sf/0fn] hh{/ ag]sf] d]/f]
/fi6 ;d[l4pGd'v x'g]5.
l:y/ ;/sf/
ef/tsf] If]qLo /fhgLltdf kjg
rflDn rlr{t gfpF xf]. ;fpy
l;lSsdsf] ofdf hlGdPsf pgL
l;lSsd 8]df]qm]l6s k|mG6sf ;+:yfks
klg x'g\ . ;g\ !(%) ;fndf hlGdPsf
pgL tyf pgsf] d"Vo dGqL sfndf
l;lSsdnfO{ t'ngfTds k|utLkydf
bf]xf]of{gPsf y'k|} pbfx/0f 5g\. Ps
t pxfF g] t[Tjsf] /fHo ;/sf/n]
:yfloTj k|fKt u/]sf] 5 eg] ;}4flGts
?kdf klg sfo{kflnsf alnof] x'Fbf
pGgtL x'g] jf:tljstf xf]. ;g\ !(($
b]lv clxn] ;Dd pxfF s} g]tT[ jdf k|flGto
/fHo ;/sf/ ;Grfngdf 5 h'g clxn]
;Dd s} ef/tLo /fhgLltdf ;aeGbf
nfdf] cjlwsf nflu d"Vo dGqL aGg]df
x'gx' G' 5 pxfF. kjg rflDnsf] sfo{sfn
@% jif{sf] kSsf ePsf] 5. o:t}
/fhgLlt tyf g]tT[ j g]kfndf klg
cfjZos 5 h;n] b]znfO{ ;d[l4pGd'v
agfpg]5. k6s k6s km]l//xg] g]tT[ j
tyf ;Qfs]Gb|Lt /fhgLltn] hh{/
agfPsf] d]/f] /fi6n] ca l;lSsdaf6
:yfloTjsf] l;sf] ug{'k5{.
;d[l4;u} ;8s, s[lif / ko{6g
ljsf ;
ljsf;sf] cfwf/ ;8s xf]. sl/j
!^ ;o %) ld6/ cUnf] :yfgdf
cjl:yt l;lSsdsf clwsf+; kxf8L
e"efunfO{ l5rf]n]/ ;8s lgdf{0f
ul/Psf 5g\. rf/ lhNnfdf ljeQm
l;lSsdsf tL kxf8L Onfsfdf ag]sf
;8s ;Gtf]ifhgs dfGg ;lsG5.
To;df klg k"jL{ l;lSsdsf] x]8Sjf6/,
/fhwfgL ufGtf]sdf lgdf{0f ePsf w]/}
;8s kSsL 9nfg ul/Psf 5g\.
dfs' /fsf] hfnf] h:t} ag]s f tL
;8sn] s[lif, ko{6g nufot cGo
ljsf; lgdf{0fsf] nflu sf]z]9'f
;flat ePsf] 5. of] /fHo ef/tsf]
;aeGbf 5f]6f] cjlwdf w]/} ljsf;
ePsf] dWo]df k5{. oxfFsf] h+un,
s[lif pTkfbg dWo] jg:ktL, nf]/f
pQd dflgG5. ;g\ @)!^ ;fndf
o; If]qnfO{ ef/tsf] s]Gb|Lo s[lif
dGqfnon] cuf{lgs /fHosf] dfGotf
lbnfPsf] 5. o; If]qdf kfOg] kfFr
xhf/ k|hfltsf jg:ktL dWo] %!%
lsl;dsf nf] kf] G d' v lj?jf, #^
lsl;dsf nflnu'/fF; k5{g\. nflu
u'/fF; hf] g]kfnsf] /fli6o k"mn klg
xf]. kxf8L If]q ePsfn] cn}+rL k|r"/
dfqfdf pTkfbg x'G5. wfg, tf]/L,
ds}, ux',F bfn / kmnkm'nhGo pTkfbg
;d]t o; If]qdf kfOG5. oL s[lif
pkhs} sf/0fn] cfly{ s jif{
@)!%/)!^ df /fHosf] s"n u|fx:y
pTkfbgdf ;d]t a[l4 eof].
/fHon] ;fgf tyf 3/]n' pBf]udf
;d]t 6]jf lbP/ gful/ssf] hLjg:t/
psf:g] k|of; u/]sf] b]lvG5. To;df
klg ko{6sLo uGtJo If]q agfP/
cfGtl/s / afXo ko{6s nlIot
sfo{qmdx? ;Grfng u/]sf 5g\.
UofGtf]s dfqdf afXo ko{6ssf] nflu
agfOPsf Eo"-KjfOG6 dWo] x:tsnf
k|bz{gL ;d]t k5{g\ . agemfFqmL em/gf,
u0f] z6f] s , s+rgh+ uf lxd>[ + vnf
b[Zofjnf]sg :yn UofGtf]s d} 5 eg]
rf/wfd If]q / cfsif{s af}4 u'Dafx?
;fpy l8l:6S6df 5. s+rgh+uf
g];gn kfs{, ;f]Duf] n]s, gy'nf b]lv
cGo y'k}| x]g{ nfos 7fpFx? 5g\ h;n]
l;lSsdsf] ko{6g If]q ljsf;df 6]jf
k'of{ Psf] 5. tL clwsf+; 7fpFdf
;Mz'Ns k|j]z tyf ;Eo Joj:yfkg
u/]sf]af6 cfGtl/s ;|f]t ;anLs/0f
eO/x]sf] 5. k|ToIf ?kdf ko{6saf6
lnOg] z"Nsn] /fhZj a[l4 u/fPsf]
b] l vG5 eg] ck| T oIf ?kdf
:yfgLoaf;Lsf] Joj;fo ag]sf] 5.
;kmfO{ of]h gf / sfof{G jog
h;/L g]kfn s} ;kmf zx/dWo]
eQmk'/ lhNnf k5{, To;/L g} ef/tsf]
nflu l;lSsdsf] /fhwfgL ufGtf]s
pbfx/0f ag]sf] 5. PdhL /f]8, ltAat
/f]8 b]lv cGo d'Vo 7fpFx? cToGt
;kmf b]lvG5. /fhwfgLsf 7fpF 7fpFdf
kmf]xf]/ kmfNg] lglZrt 7fpF agfPsf]
5 eg] lgod kfngf gug]n { fO{ ?= @))
hl/jfgfsf] Joj:yf u/]sf] 5. zx/
leq rNg] 6\ofS;L b]lv kfs{, ;8s,
uNnLdf ;d]t kmf]xf]/ lj;h{gsf] nflu
efF8f] Joj:yf u/]sf] 5. ;fj{hlgs
:yndf w'dkfg, dBkfg lgif]w 5 eg]
hyfefjL y' S g] n fO{ klg xhf{ g f
lt/fpF5. tL lgod kfngf u/fpg]
k|x/Lx? ;8s 5]jd} f k;n yfk] h:t}
u/L k| x /L sfof{ n o agfP/
;fOgaf]8 {;lxt k|: t't 5. x/]s
k;ndf Knfli6ssf] emf]nf k|of]u ug{
kfOFbg} h;n] ubf{ eL/kfvfdf ag]sf]
zx/sf] Joj:yfkg r'i6 5. o;nfO{
klg g]kfnn] uxg ?kdf :jLsf/ ug{'
;Sg'k5{. ;kmfO{ ;DalGwsf] lgod
h;/L l;lSsddf 5 To;/L g} g]kfndf
klg ag]sf] 5 t/ sfof{Gjog kIf
sdhf] / ePs} sf/0fn] kmf] x f] /
Joj:yfkgdf r'gf}tL 5. eQmk'/
afx]s sf] zx/L lhNnf w'j fFw 'n f] ,
;8shfd b]lv c:tJo:t 5 cem
t/fO{sf sltko k|d'v zx/df rkL{
;d]t 5}gg\. afUdtL ;kmfO{ cleofg
gePsf] klg xf]Og t/ 9n, rkL{
ld;fPsf] 5. Knfli6s k|of]u ug{
gkfOg] b]lv ;fj{hlgs :yndf w'dkfg
/ a;af6 y'Sg gkfOg] lgod 5, nfu'
5}g. oL ;a sfof{Gjog u/fpg] lgsfo
/ ;r]t gful/ssf] sdhf]/L xf].
o;nfO{ a] n } d f Wofglbg' k5{ ,
UofGtf]saf6 l;Sg'k5{.
g] k fnL /fi6 e fiff, ;+ : s[ l t /
cleofg
wDaf eg]l; ;fpy l;lSsddf
kl/lrt gfd xf]. sl/j $ xhf/sf]
;+Vofdf l;lSsddf a;f]af; ug]{
g]jf/x? dWo] pgL ;DejtM ;aeGbf
nf]slk|o 5g\. g]kfnefiffdf wf]Ajfsf]
cy{ 7'nf] a'jf eGg] x'G5 / ;f]xL zAb
cke|; + eP/ vu]Gb| k|wfg >]i7frfo{,
wDaf ePsf x'g\ . gfDyfsf] t'? eGg]
ufpFsf pgL g]kfnL ;+:s[lt, /fi6 efiff,
lnlk b]lv ;+:sf/ ;+/If0f, ;Da4{gsf
a]hf]8 cleoGtf x'g\ . 8]9 bzs cl3
:yfkgf ePsf] l;lSsd g]jf/ u'7Lsf
;+ :yfks pgL ljleGg afxgfdf
UofGtf]sdf OGb|hfqf dgfpg] b]lv
hLjg, ;+:s[lt / k/Dk/fsf]
;+of]hg dfl6{gsf] lrq
g]kfnefiff, lnlk, ;+:s[lt / ;+:sf/
k|j4{gdf lg/Gt/ nfUg' ePsf cys nfv]sf e"ldsfdf !* aif{ lg/Gt/ ;f+:s[ltdf 6]jf lbPsf #$ jifL{o
d"w{Go JolQmTj x'g\ . OlG:6Ro"6 ckm nId0f /+lht h;sf] hLjgdf 7'n} ptf/ r8fj ;fPb g} sf]xf]sf] eof]
g]jf/ sNr/ P08 Nof\jh ] gfpFsf] xf]nf. /+lGhtn] lg/Gt/ ;+:s[ltdf k'ofPsf] of]ubfg, ;+of]ufGt / ljof]ufGt
cleofg} rnfP/ k| w fgn] g] kfn
aflx/sf] g]kfndf g]kfnLTj hufpg]
lqmofsnfk u/]sf 5g\. cf7 jif{ ;Dd
;+:yf xfFss] f pgn] ;+rfng ug{' ePsf
tL cleofgn] bL3{sfnLg lg/Gt/tf
kfpg]df cfzfjfbL x'gx' 'G5. ;d"x
lrGtgdf clws ;do vr]s { f vu]Gb|
k|wfgn] sd{ cg';f/sf] kmn klg k|fKt
u/]sf 5g\. bh{geGbf a9L g]kfnL
;fdflhs ;+ 3 ;+ : yfn] pxfF s f]
of]ubfgk|lt sb/ u/L ;Ddfgkq
lbPsf 5g\ eg] xfn;fn} gfDyf d}
eJo ;df/f]xsfaLr gful/s clegGbg
;d]t u/]sf] 5.
;DejtM /0faxfb'/ zfxsf] kfnfdf
g]kfnaf6 knfog ePsf pgLx?n] d]rL
glb 6/];uF } ;Dk"0f{ klxrfg pt} aufPsf] syfnfO{ lrqdf ptf/] la|l6z gful/s df6L{g 6e;n] snf lzIff cleofg
;lDemG5g\. clxn]sf] g]kfn / ef/tsf] cGtu{t laleGg ;d'bflos ljBfnodf lrqsnf dfkm{t\ afnaflnsfnfO{
l;dfgfdf kg]{ d]rL glb kf/ u/L s]lx ;fdflhs lzIff lbFb} cfPsf dfl6{gn] leQ] lrqsnf dfkm{t\ ;F:s[lt;Fu
l6i6fsf] pN6f] axfj;Fu kxf8 r9\b} hf]l8Psf] of] dfld{s hLjg 36gfnfO{ ;a}n] b]lvg] ul/ lrq0f ug]{ hdsf]{
ubf{ l;lSsd k'us ] f] ljutsf ljifodf u/]sf x'g\. lrqdf g]kfnsf] ;+:s[lt, k/Dk/f / uPsf] dxfljgf;sf/L
la:tf/ nufP k|wfgn]. ;f]xL bf}/fg e"sDk laNs'n} ;ldkdf /xL d'Vo kfq nfv] sf] e"ldsfdf nId0f /+lhtsf]
sfn]a' , bflh{ln, l;lSsdsf ljleGg ;+lIfKt hLjgLnfO{ hf]8]sf] 5. ljgfzsf/L e"sDkn] !) cf+} xhf/ dflg;sf]
7fpFdf :yfoL a;f]af; yfn]sf dWo]af6 Hofg lnPsf] h;df nId0fsf hLjg ;+lugL lgn' /+lht lrqsf/ klg k/],
pgLn] ;aeGbf klxn] cfkm' T j zlgaf/ Tof] lbg sfi7d08kdf /Qmbfgsf] sfo{qmd xF'b} lyof]. nId0f
klxrfgsf] cleofg rnfPsf x'g\ . x'g >LdtL lgn' ;lxt sfo{qmddf ;xefuL lyP.
t l;lSsd l/kmd{ ug{ eQmk'/af6 crfgs cfsfzdf sfnf] afbnaLr hldgxlNnb} P]ltxfl;s sfi7d08k
l;lSsd k'u]sf nIdLbf; s;h', k'/} 9n] / lgn' ;lxt leq /x]sf /Qmbftf, :j+;]ljsf, lrlsT;s, ko{6sn]
rGb|jL/ s;h' / rGb|jL/ df:s]sf] Hofg u'dfP hf] aflx/ lgl:sg ;s]g, slQkPnfO{ lhljt} p4f/ u/].
of]ubfgk|lt pxfFn] v'n]/ k|z; + f ug{ lrqsf] csf]{ sf]0fdf lt e"sDksf If0fdf ;Dkbf elTsb} ubf{sf] glhs}
EofP. ;/sf/L pRr kbdf k'Ug] # /x]sf] lhljt b]jL s'df/L ;d]t eP d'b|fdf eofjx b[Zo lrq0f u/]sf]
dWo] s]zjrGb| k|wfg, uf]ljGb k|;fb kfOG5. d'Vo kfqsf] ;+of]ufGt kf6f]df cfgf] & aif{sf] 5f]/f cf/ Pg
k|wfgsf] gfpF pxfFn] em elgxfn]. /+lht afa'sf] la8f] p7\b} afn ;f+:s[lts kfq oflnrf sf] e"ldsfdf
g]kfnsf k"j{ ;f+;b\ nIdLbf; dfgGw/, k|:t't ul/P5. ljof]ufGt kf6f]df afa'h:tf] 5f]/f]sf] klg ;f+:s[t e"ldsf
nId0f /fhj+zL b]lv ;/b s+;fsf/;Fu lgofNb} lbj+ut cfdf gLn'sf] cfs[lt lrq0f ul/Psf] 5. snfsf/ dfl6{gn]
pxfF kl/lrt x'gx' bF' f] /x]5. of] lrqsf] nflu /fhwfgLsf] lelq zx/ sfi7d08k /x]sf] glhs}sf] o]+ufn
dWok'/ lyldsf u0f]z/fd nf5L, 6f]n g} /f]h/] ;a}n] b]lvg] :yfgdf agfP. k|To]s % aif{df x'g] kathmandu
;'jf;/fd / ;Gts'df/ k|hfkltn] afhf triyaanale lrq k|tf]of]lutf agfOPsf] of] lrq dfl6{gsf] cfg}
k|lzIf0f lbPsf]kl| t wGojfb lbFb} lyP kl/sNkgfdf ljz'4 g]kfnsf] df}lns snf, ;+:s[lt, k/Dk/fnfO{ ;d]6]sf]
d;Fusf] ;+jfbdf. lnlk k|lzIf0f lbg kfOG5. /+lGhtn] cfgf] ;+lIfKt hLjgLnfO{ ;d]6]sf] of] lrqn] cfk"mdf
g]kfnaf6 dNn s] ;'Gb/ b]lv lrlgofF cfpbf lbgdf cfem} a9L lhDd]jf/L yk]sf] eGb} nfv]+sf] e"ldsfnfO{ oxL
zfSo, ;fpy Anssf] gfDyf k'us ] f] jif{ b]lv k'Gx lg/Gt/tf lbg] atfP. a'\4z/0f zfxL
klg pgn] ;lDemg EofP. nfdf]
cGt/fn kZrft g]kfn aflx/ klg
;/sf/L ta/n] g]kfnL /fi6 efiffsf]
dlxgfjf/Lsf] ;dodf labf
sf7df8f} F . O6fnL ;/sf/ 5g\. nf]ssNof0fsf/L zf;g Joj:yf
nflu k|fyldstf lbnfpg, ;+:s[lt sfdsfhdf/x]sf dlxnfnfO{ dlxgfjf/L ePsf ljZjsf w]/} d'ns' xn] dlxnfnfO{
dgfpg tyf ;+:sf/ hf]ufpg ;kmn x'bF f cflwsfl/s ?kdf ljbf lbg] tof/Ldf ^ dlxgf ;'Ts]/L ljbf lbFb} cfPsf 5g\.
ePsf 5g\. clxn] klg d"Vo dGqL nfu]sf] 5. O6fnLsf] tNnf] ;bgdf O6fnLn] eg] Tof] eGbf cl3 a9\b}
kjg rflDn g]t[Tjsf] /fHo ;/sf/n] labfsf] ;DjGwdf ljw]os btf{ eP;Fu} dlxnfxnfO{ dlxgfjf/L ljbfsf] sfg"g
* hgfnfO{ g] kfnL /fi6 efiff, pQm ljw]os kf; ePdf O6fnL ;/sf/ Nofpg] tof/Ldf nfu]sf] xf].
g]kfnefiff l;sfpg] lhDd]jf/L;lxt tyf lghL sDkgLn] dlxnf sfdbf/nfO{ ut dfr{ !# df ;Qf?9 8]df]qm]l6s
lgo'QmL lbPsf 5g\. tLg hgfn] t dlxgfjf/Lsf] ;dodf tLg lbg tna kf6L{sf dlxnf ;f+;bxn] ;+;b\df btf{
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ljyn8f8f dlxnf k|lt/f]w M lgz:q dlxnfx?n]

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lbg @)%$ ;fn r}q @^ ut] sflnsf]6
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ljyn8fF8f ufpFdf Pp6f P]ltxfl;s
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! ljyn8fF8f ufpFl:yt KofpFsnL
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k|x/Lx?nfO{ x]lnsK6/df lnP/ uof].
k|x/Lsf] uf]nL nflu d[To' x'g'ePsf
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ljZjsf ;j} qmflGtsf/Lx?nfO{ Pp6f
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nfluk/]sf 5g\. o; ljifodf k|zf;lgs af6f] v'nf u/]sf] 5. dl:tis d[To'
?kdf eg] kof{Kt ;xof]u gePsf] ljifo ePsfaf6 b'O{ lduf}{nf, b'O{ kmf]S;f],
klg aflx/ cfpg] u/]sf] 5. dGqL yfkf Kof\lqmofh, ;fgf] cfGb|f / cfFvf csf]{
;ftcf7 dlxgfsf] :jf:Yo dGqfnosf] JolQmdf k| Tof/f]k0f ug{ ldN5.
sfo{ cg'ejdf /fli6o kf]lnof] vf]k ;/sf/n] o;} jif{af6 afyd'6' /f]usf]
sfo{qmddf :jf:YosdL{sf] c;xof]u zNolqmof lgMz'Ns u/]sf] 5. lduf}{nf
cfgf] hLjgs} b' M vb\ ePsf] /f]uLsf] nflu ca 8fonfl;; ;]jf
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:jf:Yo dGqfnosf] ;]jfnfO{ klg x'g] 3f]if0ff eO;s]sf] 5. To;sf nflu
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lalu|Psf] elTsPsf ;+/rgfnfO{ kfFr 5'6\ofO;s]sf] 5. t/, of] cfjdf
jif{leqdf agfpg] / :jf:Yo If]qsf] ;'wf/ hlt k|Tof/f]k0f x'G5 To;sf nflu
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k|fyldstfdf /fv]/ sfd ul//x]sf] 5. :jf:Yo If]qdf csf]{ dxTjk"0f{
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pxfFsf] k|fyldstfdf 5. @)&# c;f/ #) ut] lgM;Gtfg
gLltut pknlAw bDklQn] cGo dlxnfsf] sf]v ef8fdf
;/sf/n] o;} jif{ dfgjc lnP/ ;Gtfg hGdfpg kfpg] ;/f]u; ] L
k|Tof/f]k0f lgodfjnL @)&# NofO{ ;]jfnfO{ sfg'gL dfGotf lbPsf] 5.
b]zleq} klxnf]k6s sn]hf] k|Tof/f]k0f klxn] ;/f]u];L ;]jfnfO{ ;/sf/n]
sfg' g L dfGotf lbPsf] lyPg. lgoGq0f tyf lgodg gLlt, lgo'lQm
To;afx]s ljlzi6nfO{ ? !% nfveGbf tyf dgf]gog;DaGwL dfkb08, :jf:Yo
a9L pkrf/ vr{ glbg], gjhft ;+:yf :yfkgf tyf ;~rfng lgb]l{ zsf,
lzz' sf] lgMz'Ns pkrf/, ;} lgs lrlsT;s tyf :jf:YosdL{sf] ;]jf
c:ktfn ;j{;fwf/0fsf nflu v'Nnf, ;' l jwf;DaGwL sfo{ l jlw dGqL
;a} ;/sf/L c:ktfn ( b]lv # kl/ifb\af6 kfl/t eO;s]sf] 5.
ah];Dd v'Nnf ug{'kg]{, -# b]lv % To;} u/L, j} b ] l zs tflnd /
lj:tfl/t ;]jf_ ;~rfng x'g,] ;a} e|d0f;DaGwL dfkb08, ;fd'bflos
c:ktfndf ;"rgf s]Gb| /fVg'kg]{ Joj:yf c:ktfnnfO{ lbg] cg'bfg;DaGwL
klg o;} jif{bl] v ;'? ul/Psf] 5. lgb] { l zsf, lrlsT;s
dGqfnon] ;a} k|fylds :jf:Yo cfrf/;+ l xtf;d] t kfl/t eO{
s]Gb|df pks/0f, cf}iflw / lrlsT;s sfof{Gjogsf] r/0fdf 5. dlb/f P]g,
k' u]s f] bfaL u/]s f] 5. cl3Nnf] cfo'j{b] gLlt, d]l8sn sfplG;n P]g,
;/sf/n] yfn] s f] x/] s ;/sf/L cf} iflw P]g , k| hgg :jf:Yo P]g,
c:ktfnsf] cfg} kmfd]; { L ;~rfng u'0 f:t/ ;'lglZrttf;DaGwL P]g,
ug{'kg]{ Joj:yfnfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbFb} dfgl;s :jf:Yo gLlt,
s]Gb|Lo c:ktfndf ? #) nfv, If]qLo ckftf;DaGwL gLlt, :jf:YosdL{
c:ktfndf @% nfv, pkIf]qLodf ? tyf :jf:Yo ;+:yfsf] ;'/Iff;DaGwL
@) nfv, c~rndf ? !% nfv / P] g , ladf P] g , hg:jf:Yo P] g ,
lhNnf:t/df ? tLg s/f]8 $$ nfv PsLs[ t :jf:Yo k"j f{ wf/ ljsf;
aLp kF'hL k7fPsf] 5. lagf btf{ kl/of]hgfnufotsf ljifo klg l5}
;~rfng ePsf :jf:Yo ;+:yf sfg'gL dlGqkl/iff nfg] tof/L eO/x]sf]
bfo/fdf Nofpg btf{ k|lqmof yflnPsf] k|d'v ;Nnfxsf/ kf}8]n hfgsf/L
5 eg] btf{ / gjLs/0flagf ;~rfng lbg'eof]. oLdWo] w]/} ljifo ;+zf]wg
ePsf :jf:Yo ;+:yfnfO{ sf/afxL ul/g] u/L Nofpg nfluPsf] 5.
Joj:yf ePsf] 5. :jf:YodGqLsf efjL of]h gf
k|d'v ;Nnfxsf/ k|tfk kf}8n ] n] emG8} ;a} lhNnfdf kf7]3/sf] d'vsf]
&)) lrlsT;s s/f/df lgo' Q m SofG;/ kQf nufpg lecfOP 6]:6
ul/Psf] hfgsf/L lbg'eof]. x/]s x'g,] @) :yfgdf k|hgg :jf:Yo lzlj/
k|fylds :jf:Yo s]Gb|b]lv lhNnf ug],{ ;ft k|bz] df k|of]uzfnf :yfkgf,
c:ktfndf lrlsT;s / ljz]if1 :jf:Yo ;]jf P]gsf] tof/L ( -v_ sf]
lrlsT;s k'ofOPsf] klg dGqfnon] ljjfbsf] cGTo, k'n b/aGbL l;h{gf,
bfaL u/] sf] 5. k|lti7fg, lghL %) ZoofeGbf a9L Zoof ePsf
d]l8sn sn]h;Fusf] ;xsfo{df lhNnf c:ktfndf ;fdflhs ;]jf PsfO u7g
c:ktfndf cfsl:ds ug]{ Joj:yf, kqsf/nfO{ pkrf/df
zNolqmof;lxtsf] ljz]if1 ;]jf ;'? %) k|ltzt 5'6 lbg] Joj:yfaf/] klg
ug] { ;Demf} tf klg ul/Psf] 5. 5nkmn eO/x]sf] 5. o;af]xs Ps
;'tL{hGo kbfy{ hyfefjL a]Rg /f]s xhf/ :jf:Yo rf}sLdf g;g]{ /f]usf]
nufpFb} 5'} cg'dltkq lng'kg]{ Joj:yf k/LIf0f ug{ ;DalGwt lhNnfsf
u/]sf] 5. vf]k lgb]l{ zsf, PDa'n]G; :jf:YosdL{nfO{ tflnd lbOPsf] 5.
lgb]l{ zsf, k|of]uzfnf lgb]l{ zsf, dlb/f ;x/L hgtfnfO{ ;xh} :jf:Yo ;]jf
pknAw u/fpg ;x/L :jf:Yo k|j4{g
s] G b| s f] :yfkgf ug{ sf7df8f} F
dxfgu/kflnsf;F u ;Demf} t f
eO;s]sf] 5. ;a} k|fylds :jf:Yo
s] G b| b ] l v s] G b| L o c:ktfn;Dd
pks/0fsf] Joj:yf ug{ pks/0f
vl/b k| l qmof eO;s] s f] klg
dGqfnosf] egfO 5. :jf:Yosf
gLltut ljifonfO{ alnof] agfO{
sfof{Gjog ug{ ;lsP efjL ;GtltnfO{
sfd ug{ ;lhnf] x'g] dGqL yfkfsf]
ljZjf; 5. hl6n /f]usf] pkrf/
lgMz'Ns ubf{ /fHosf] cfly{s ef/n]
EofpFb}g egL eO/x]sf] l6Kk0fLdf
pxfFn] eGg'eof], ";+ljwfgdf :jf:Yo
df}lns xssf ?kdf /fv]sf 5f}F.
8An'Prcf]sf] dfkb08cg';f/ xfdLn]
:jf:Yodf ah]6 5'6\ofpg ;s]df
cfly{s ef/ Joj:yfkg x'G5. 7"nf
JolQmn] clxn] klg /fHoaf6 nfvf}F
?k}ofF lnO{ ljb]zdf pkrf/ ug{ x'g]
clg hgtfsf nflu lgMz'Ns pkrf/
ug{ cfly{s ef/ k5{ eGg' unt xf].
dGqL yfkfn] rfn]sf sbdsf]
k|z; + f ub}{ k"j{ :jf:Yo ;lrj 8f k|jL0f
ld>n] eGg'xG' 5, pxfFn] h'g p2]Zosf
;fy lbg/ft v6]/ sfd ug{'ePsf]
5, Tof] p2]Zo k"/f ug{ xfd|f] ;fy
cfjZos 5. klxn]sf] g]tT[ jn] yfn]sf
sfdnfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbFb} kl/dfh{g /
;+zf]wg ub}{ n}hfg'ePsf] 5. Tof]
;sf/fTds sbd xf]. :jf:Yo ;]jfsf]
If]qdf emG8} %) jif{ latfpg'ePsf
hg:jf:Yoljb\ 8f ab| L kf08] n ]
:jf:Yo;DaGwL gLltnfO{ sfof{Gjogdf
nfg ;s] 7" n f] pknlAw x' g ]
atfpg' x ' G 5. hgtfnfO{ cfgf]
:jf:Yok|lt ;r]t agfpg ;/sf/n]
cfj @)&$ nfO{ d]/f] :jf:Yo d]/f]
jif{ sf] ?kdf dgfpg] tof/L;d]t
u/]sf] 5. sNkgf kf}8]n
 8 @)&$
tfKn]h 'df=====
xf]. lhNnfsf] km'l\n gu/kflnsf
;lxt * cf]6} ufpFkflnsfsf hgtfsf]
3/b}nf]df k'u]/ of] :yfgLo lgjf{rgdf
;xefuL gx'g hgtfnfO{ clkn ul/Psf]
5. cleofgsdL{ x sf cg' ; f/
hgtfsf] k|lts[of ;sf/fTds /x]sf]
5. lhNnf OGrfh{ cflzifn] eg]
clxn] k|yd r/0fsf] k| rf/fTds
sfo{qmd cGt/ut leQ] n]vg, krf{
ljt/0f, kf]i6/ 6fF:g] / hgtfsf]
3/3/df k'u/] ;+;bLo Joj:yfnfO{
alnof] agfpg] :yfgLo r'gfjdf
;xefuL gx'g'xf];\ elg/x]sf 5f}+.
r' g fasf] ldlt glhls+ b } hfF b f
k|lt/f]wsf sfo{qmdx klg ;+rfng
ug]{ 5f}+ . klxnf] r/0fdf lgjf{rgnfO{
Wj:t kfg{sf] nflu ufpF hgkl/ifb /
kf6L{ sld6L ;fy} hgjuL{o ;+u7gnfO{
klg ;'b9[ tyf lj:tf/ ul/g] lhNnf
;] qm]6/L /fhgn] hfgsf/L lbP.
cleofgnfO{ Jojl:yt agfpg k|rf/
k|;f/sf ;fdfu|L ;lxt o'jfxnfO{
kl/rfng ub}{ hgkl/rfng Jojl:yt
ul/Psf] 5.
kf6L{n] tfKn]h' lhNnfsf] pQ/L
^ uflj;nfO{ r'gfa k|rf/k|;f/ lgif]lwt
If]q 3f]if0ff u/]sf] 5. lhNnfsf] pQ/L
uflj;x ;fjflbg, v]hl] gd, Ovfa',
tfk]yf]s, n]n]k / cf]nfr'uf]nf
uflj; xfn kmQmf\n' ufpFkflnsf #
j8f ax]s ;a} j8fnfO{ lgif]lwt If]q
3f]if0ff ul/Psf] lhNnf OGrfh{ clzifn]
hfgsf/L lbP. lgif] lwt If] q df
ha/h:t r'gfaL s[ofsnfk ul/P
;DalGwt kIf lgjf{rg u/fpg] /
lgjf{rgdf efu lng]x g} hjfkmb]lx
xg] atfO{Psf] 5. Ps ufpFkflnsfsf]
pDd]bjf/n] nfvf}F ?k}ofF vr{ u/]/ ul/g]
/ k};fsf] /fhgLltnfO{ alnof] agfpg]
slyt :yfgLo txsf] lgjf{rgaf6
bnfn, e| i6, bnfn k" F hLjfbLsf]
k|ltgLlw dfq 5flgg] 5. nfvf}F ?k}ofF
vr{ u/L ul/g] r'gfjaf6 af:tljs
hgtfsf] k|ltgLlw g5flgg] eGb} r'gfa
vf/]hLsf] dfu g]skfn] ub}{ cfPsf]
5. ha{h:t r'gfa nflbP Wj:t kg]{
/ olb Aof/]sleqaf6 r'gfa ul/P
bnfn, ei6 / bnfn k" F hLjfbL
k|ltgLlwn] sfo{ ;Dkfbg u/]sf] x]g{
cft'/ /x]sf] lhNnf OGrfh{ cflzifn]
r]tfjgL lbP.
o;=====
k':ts 5flk;Sg] ck]Iff /x]sf] s]Gb|sf
lgb]{zs slkn kf]v/]nn] atfP.
z}lIfs ;q ;'? ePkl5 k':ts cefj
x'g] /f]u x/]s jif{ p:t} 5. kf7\ok':ts
;dodf pknAw u/fpg g;s]sf]
cfnf]rgf eP klg lzIff dGqfnon]
rf;f] lbg] u/] s f] 5} g . v' n f
k|lt:kwf{af6 hgs lzIff ;fdu|L
s]Gb|sf] k|aGw ;~rfnsdf lgo'Qm
clgn emfsf] rf/ jif]{ sfo{sfn !#
d+l;/af6 ;lsPsf] 5. emfsf] sfo{sfn
;lsPnuQ} sfuh cefjn] s]Gb|sf
d]l;gx aGb ePsf lyP. s]Gb| cfj
)^#^$ otfsf !) jif{ lg/Gt/
3f6fdf ;~rflnt 5.
;'wf/sf] sfo{of]hgf;lxt v'nf
k|lt:kwf{af6 k|aGw ;~rfnsdf lgo'Qm
ePsf clgn emfsf] sfo{sfndf hgs
lzIff ;fdu|L s]Gb| *) s/f]8 3f6f
k'us ] f] 5. s]Gb|sf] C0f;d]t a9\bf] 5.
s]Gb|sf cg';f/ ;/sf/n] &) s/f]8 /
/fli6o jfl0fHo a}s + n] !# s/f]8 C0f
lbPsf lyP. s]Gb|sf] s'n 3f6f 8]9
ca{ k'us ] f] 5. hgs lzIff ;fdu|L
s]Gb|n] #) nfv yfg kf7\ok':ts
5kfOsf] lhDdf ;femf k|sfzgnfO{ lbPsf]
5. Ps dlxgfcl3 lhDdf lbP klg
clxn];Dd hDdf %) xhf/ kf7\ok':ts
dfq k|fKt ePsf] s]Gb|sf lgb]z { s slkn
kf]v/]nn] atfP. hgs lzIffn] sIff
^ / & sf] kf7\ok':ts 5kfO ug{ lghL
k|;] / ;femf k|sfzgnfO{ klg lbPsf]
5. sIff ^ b]lv !) ;Ddsf] k':ts
5kfOsf] lhDdf hgs lzIffn] dfq
kfPsf] 5. lzIff dGqfnon] sIff Psb]lv
kfFr;Ddsf kf7\ok':ts 5kfOsf] lhDdf
eg] lghL If]qnfO{ lbPsf] 5.
d';x/f/f=====
e' l d;' w f/ sfo{ n o, lzIff,
s[lifoftfoft nufotsf sfof{no
k| d ' v ;F u 5nkmn u/] s f] xf] .
5nkmnsf] qmddf sfof{no k|dv ' x?n]
If]Kof:q k|sfzg s]Gb|f/f k|sflzt, ;Dkfbs M /fh]Gb|k|;fb lrdf}l/of, sfof{no M yfkfufpF, sf7df8f}F, df]afOn M (*$!$)#*%!,
E-mail : chhepyastra@gmail.com,website: www.janakhabar.com d'bs
b'j} xft gePsL ;'zLnf ;/sf/L hflu/]
sf7df8f}F. ;'zLnf 9sfnnfO{
slxNo} cfgf b'j} xft geP/ s]xL
ug{ ;lSbg eGg] nfu]g. kl/jf/sf]
k" 0 f{ ;fy kfPsLn] #$ jif{ s f]
pd] / b] l v :s' n hfg yfn] s L
;'z LnfnfO{ ;'?;'?df ;a}n] xft
gePsfn] s;/L n]V5] xf]nf eg]/
crDd dfgL 3' /]/ x]l//xF bf eg]
g/dfOnf] nfUYof]. oBlk k9fOdf
cAan ;'zLnfnfO{ 3/kl/jf/ tyf
;fyLefOxn] x]kfOsf] b[li6n] x]/g] g\.
cem cf]xf] v'fn] n]Vg] s]6L xfd|f]
:s'ndf 5 eg]/ ;sf/fTds lx;fan]
pgnfO{ lnOPsf] 9sfn atfpFl5g\.
;f];f]nf]hLdf :gftsf]Q/ u/]sL 9sfn
clxn] PnPnaL cWoog/t l5g\.
pgn] nf]s;]jf pQL0f{ u/]/ cfGtl/s
/fh:j ljefudf gfd lgsfn]sL x'g\ .
;'?;'?df sfof{nodf klg pgnfO{
kTofOF b} gYof] . ;] jfu|f xLx klg
;'zLnfsf] xft gb]v]/ c sf]xL 5}g
h:tf k|Zg u5{g\ t/ pgn] dHhfn]
v'fn] n]Vg] tyf sDKo'6/ rnfpg]
g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{n] rnfPsf]
cleofgdf g}lts ;dy{g /x]sf] t/
;/sf/sf] lgb]z { g dfGg cfk"mx? afWo
/x] s f] atfPsf] OGrfh{ k| Hjnn]
atfP. ;a} sfof{no k|d'vx?;Fu
5nkmn eof], xfd|f] cfu|xdf g}lts
;dy{ g ug{ ' eof] t/ cfgf]
afWotfaf/] klg pxfF x ?n] s' / f
/fVg'eof] OGrfh{ k|Hjnn] eg].
k| d ' v x?n] cfk" m x?sf] r' g fjL
;efuLtfnfO{ kf6L{lj?4 nfu]sf] ?kdf
ga'lemlbg cfu|x ;d]t u/].
;'g;/Lsf] O{g ?jfaf6 OGrfh{
k|Hjnsf] / w/fgtkm{ af6 lhNnf
;]qm]6/L o'ug] /fO{sf] g]tT[ jdf cleofg
hf/L 5. cleofgsf] qmddf 3/b}nf]
e] 6 3f6, sf] 0 f;ef, hg;ef,
cGt/lqmof, leQ]n]vg, kf]i6l/sf
;fy} kf6L{ s f sfo{ lbzf PsLs[ t
hgqmflGt / j}1flgs ;dfhjfbsf]
ljifodf klg 5nkmn ePsf] ;]qm]6/L
/fO{n] hfgsf/L lbP. pgsf cg';f/
ufpFdf ePsf] e|i6frf/sf] ;"rL tof/
klg kfl/Psf] 5.
Sofl;gf]sf]=====
aSof}tf ltg{ kqfrf/ u/]sf] 5.
kl5Nnf] k6s lbOPsf] ;dofjlwdf
klg aSof} tf glt/] ljefun] tL
Sofl;gf] aGb ulbG5, /]UdLn] yk].
o;cl3 @)&) ;fndf
lgodfjnLdfkm{t\ ;/sf/n] Sofl;gf]
Joj:yfkg ug]{ k|of; u/]sf] lyof].
To;a]nf ;/sf/n] ;~rfngdf /x]sf
Sofl;gf]sf nflu gjLs/0f ug]{ Joj:yf
NofPsf] lyof]. t/, ;/sf/n] NofPsf]
Joj:yfadf]lhd Sofl;gf] g} gjLs/0f
u/]sf 5}gg\. Sofl;gf] ;~rfng ug{
kfpg'kg]{ dfu ub}{ Sofl;gf] ;~rfns
cbfnt k' u ] s f lyP. ;jf] { R r
cbfntn] klg Sofl;gf] ;~rfng /f]Sg
gx'g] eGb} cGtl/d cfb]z lbPkl5
clwsf+z Sofl;gf] To;}sf] e/df
kl5Nnf] ;do Sofl;gf] ;~rfng x'Fb}
cfPsf 5g\. 7"nf] aSof}tf afFsL
/x]kl5 pQm /sd p7fpg ;/sf/n]
s'df/L rf]s tyf s]Gb|Lo txl;n
sfof{no g} u7g u/]sf] 5. pQm
sfof{nodfkm{t\ aSof}tf p7fpg] k|of;
eO/x]sf] ljefu atfpF5. aSof}tf
lt/]/ gjLs/0f ug{ ;a} Sofl;gf]nfO{
kqfrf/ ul/Psf] lgb] {zs /]UdLn]
atfP. pgsf cg';f/ kl5Nnf] ;do
aSof}tf ltg{ Sofl;gf]x ;sf/fTds
b]lvPsf 5g\.
o;} a Lr, laxLjf/ a;] s f]
sfd u/]sf] b]v] kl5 r'k nfU5g\.
sltkon] clxn] klg pgnfO{ bofn]
sfd kfPh:tf] Jojxf/ u5{g\ eg] pgL
nf]s;]jfsf] k/LIff pQL0f{ u/]/ hflu/
vfPsLn] To:tf] Jojxf/ Joxf]g{'kbf{
lrQ b'vfpFl5g\. sltkon] pgLh:tf
zf/Ll/s czQmxnfO{ k"j{hGdsf]
kfk eg]/ x]Kg] tyf sltkon] aLr/f,
s]xL ug{ ;lSbgg\ eg]sf] ;'g] kl5
d'v}df hjfkm kmsf{plF 5g\. ;'zLnf
elG5g\ xfdLh:tf JolQmnfO{
;xfg'e"ltsf] gh/n] gx]/L ;dfg
Jojxf/ / ;dfg cj;/ k|bfg ug{k' 5{.
d]/f] xft 5}g, To;}n] d}n] To;sf]
ljsNksf kdf v'fnfO{ lnPF. cfd
JolQmn] xftn] ug]{ ;a} sfd d v'fn]
u5{' . b'Oj{ 6} xft gx'bF f w]/} km/s k5{
t/ cj;/ tyf jftfj/0f agfOlbof]
eg] c;Dej s]xL 5}g. pgnfO{
ljjfxcl3 cfdfa'jf, bfOlbbL Pj+
alxgLn] k"0f{kdf ;fy lbPsf lyP
eg] clxn] >LdfGn] Psbd} ;xof]u u/L
xf};nf k|bfg ul/ /x]sf 5g\.
Joj:yflksf ;+ ; b\ s f] >d tyf
cGt/f{ l i6 o ;DaGw ;ldltn]
;dofjlw ls6fg u/L Sofl;gf]xn]
ltg{'kg]{ /f]oN6L tTsfn c;'n ug{
;+:s[lt, ko{6g tyf gful/s p88\og
dGqfnonfO{ lgb]z { g lbPsf] 5. To:t}
cfly{s P]g, @)&@ cg';f/ Pp6f
Ohfhqkqn] $ 7fpFdf ldlg Sofl;gf]
;~rfng ug{ cg'dlt k|bfg u/]sf]df
cfly{ s P] g , @)&# n] Pp6f
Ohfhtkqn] Ps 7fpFdf dfq ldlg
Sofl;gf] ;~rfng ug{ kfpg] Joj:yf
u/]sf]df o;af/] :ki6 lgsf; lbg
klg dGqfnonfO{ lgb]z { g lbPsf] 5.
xfn;Dd cGgk"0f{ OG6/g];gn
k|fln !! s/f]8 ^( nfv !% xhf/,
xf]6n Pe/]i6 OG6/g];gn k|fln !)
s/f]8 #% nfv &@ xhf/, xf]6n
;f]N6L lnld6]8 & s/f]8 !# nfv
## xhf/, xf]6n dNn k|fln & s/f]8
!# nfv ## xhf/, xf]6n ofs P08
olt !! s/f]8 *& nfv %) xhf/,
g]kfn l/lqmo;g ;]G6/ k|fln %#
s/f]8 %) nfv ## xhf/, XofKkL
cfj/ k|fln ^ s/f]8 (# nfv @&
xhf/, lb k"mnjf/L lnld6]8, kf]v/f
@$ s/f]8 ^^ nfv ^$ xhf/, xf]6n
of8 # s/f]8 ^& nfv %) xhf/,
ldlg Sofl;gf]xn] # s/f]8 ?k}ofF
ltg{ afFsL /x]sf] 5.
lnDa'j fgf/f=====
nfO{ af]wfy{ ul/Psf] 5. 1fkg kqdf
pNn]v ePsf dfunfO{ !) lbgleq
;Daf]wg gul/P r/0fa4 cfGbf]ng
ug]{ r]tfjgL lbPsf] 5. ;+3if{sf
sfo{qmdsf cGtu{t @)&$ ;fn
a}zfv !) ut]b]lv clglZrtsfnLg
lnDa'jfgsf] ( lhNnfsf lgjf{rg
sfof{nodf wgf{. lnDa'jfgsf (
lhNnf, If]q / ufpFd f e08fkmf]/
sfo{qmd. lgjf{rg ;DalGw ;Dk"0f{
sfo{ d f ef} l ts cj/f] w ug] { .
lgjf{rgdf efu glng ;a} bnsf
pd]bjf/nfO{ bafa lbg] nufotsf
;+3if{sf sfo{qmdx klg 1fkg kqsf
;fy ;fa{hflgs ul/Psf] 5.
rqmAo" xdf=====
k|dfl0ft u/]/ b]vfof}+ . o;af6 u[lx0fL
lbbLalxgL, afnj[4fnufotn] kfPsf]
/fxt cfgf] 7fpFdf 5 eg] /fhgLlts
k|lta4tf, Joj:yfksLo s';ntf /
Odfgbf/L eof] eg] kl/jt{g xfdLaf6}
/ clxn] g} ;Dej x'g] /x]5 eGg] ;Gb]zsf]
k|jfx ePsf] 5. ljleGg :jfy{ ;d"xsf]
cg' l rt u7hf] 8 af6 hnljB' t \
cfof]hgfsf nfO;]G; lng] t/ sfd} ;'?
| M lwDn] ckm;]6 k|;
] , b]jLgu/, kmf]gM %!&@^%%
b'a} d[uf}nf km]n ePsL k"j{ n8fs' d'gfsf] clkn M s[kof dnfO{ arfpg'xf];\
sf7df8f}F . xltof/ le/]/ hgtfsf]
d'lQmsf nflu b'Zdg;Fu n8\g ;xh
lyof], hf]z / hfFu/ lyof] t/ of]
/f]u;Fu n8\g sl7g /x]5 xh'/. s]
ug{' of];Fu n8\g t k};f rflxg] /x]5
Tof] klg b'O{rf/ xhf/ xf]Og nfvf}F.
;fob d olQs} ====af]Nbf af]Bb} pgsf
unf ca?4 eP. emfkfsf] rsrsL
uflj; j8f gDa/ ^ l:yt cfg}
lgjf;df e]l6PsL d[uf}nf kLl8t
g]qdfof sfsL{ -d'gf_ sf cleAolQm
x'g\ oL. pgL k"j{ hgd'lQm ;]gf klg
x'g\ . la=;= @)^! ;fnaf6 k"0f{sfnLg
eP/ tTsfnLg g]skf dfcf]jfbLn] ;'?
u/]sf] hgo'4df xf]ldPsL lyOg\ pgL.
ufpFd} a;]/ kf6L{sf] sfddf ;lqmo
pgL ^! ;fnaf6 eg] hg;]gfsf] ?kdf
xltof/ g} p7fP/ lxFl8g\. @)^@
;fndf d'gf 5}7f}F l8lehgcGtu{t aL
sDkgLdf /x]/ sfd u/]sL pgn]
@)^# ;fndf k|yd l8lehg hq
la|u]8df ;]S;g v eP/ sfd ul/g\.
kf6L{ zflGt k|lqmofdf cfP;Fu} pgn]
cfgf] xftdf af]s]sf] xltof/ t
la;fO{ / b} lgsL SofG6f] g d] g df
latfpg yflng\. ck\m;f]r pgn]
cfg} z/L/df /f]usf] ux|f} ef/L
af]lsg. pgnfO{ :jf:Yo ;d:ofn]
RofKg yfNof]. ;'?df t ;fdfGo cf}iflw
vfOg\, /f]u klg vf;} s]xL b]lvPg.
t/, klg crfgs pgnfO{ d[uf}nfdf
;d:of b]lvof]. Tof] klg ;fdfGo
xf]Og. r]sk u/]kl5 8fS6/n] l/kf]6{
b]vfpFb} eg] tfkfO{sf b'a} d[uf}nf km]n
ePsf 5g\.
d'gf elG5g\, d]/f] :jf:Yodf
;d:of lyof] , d} n ] hg;] g fnfO{
;dfof]hgdf ug]{ a]n f :j] lR5s
cjsfz lnPF. ca cfh csf]{ o'4
ul//x]sL 5' cfg} z/L/sf dxTjk"0f{
c+ s sfd gnfUg] ePsf 5g\ .
pgLx?x?;Fu h'lw/x]sL 5'. ha
8fS6/n] d]/f b'a} d[uf}nf km]n ePsf]
5 eg]/ ;'gfP. ;'?df t kTofpg g}
sl7g eof] d'gfn] dl;gf] :j/df elgg\
To:tf] clGtd :6]hdf -k'/} 8\ofd]h_
g} x'g] ca:yf;Dd k'lu;s]5 t/
dnfO{ cufl8 s'g} 7'nf] nIf0f g}
b]lvPg. dWod vfnsf] kl/jf/ vfg
nufpg t vf;} b'v lyPg pgnfO{
t/ pkrf/ u/fpg g} sl7g 5.
gug],{ ;'? u/]/ klg sfddf l9nf;':tL
ug]{ k|jl[ Qdf /f]s nufpg jt{dfg
;/sf/ ;kmn ePsf] atfpFb} pgn] ca
Psfw jif{df d'ns ' sf] pmhf{ If]qdf
pNn]Vo k|ult x'g] cj:yf l;h{gf ePsf]
5eg]. g]kfnsf] kfgL hgtfsf] nufgL yk u/L ?= tLg nfv k'ofOPsf], clt
sfo{qmdcGtu{t\ hgtfsf] nufgLdf 7"nf
7"nf hnfzoo'Qm cfof]hgf cufl8
a9fOPsf] hfgsf/L lbFb} k|wfgdGqLn]
d'ns ' sf cfly{s kl/;"rs ;sf/fTds
lbzfdf cufl8 a9]sf] / nfdf] ;dokl5
pRr cfly{s j[l4 xfl;n ug{ ;kmn
ePsf] / ljut !@ jif{df ;a}eGbf sd
d" Noj[ l4sf] cj:yfdf d' n ' snfO{
k'ofOPsf] 5eg]. lgsf;f u/L klxnf] ls:tfsf] /sd
;/sf/ u7g ePs} lbgb] lv
;/sf/n] j}bl] zs /f]huf/df hfg]sf
nflu /fHoaf6 k|bfg ul/g] ;]jf;'ljwf
k|efjsf/L agfpg cgnfOgaf6 g}
lgj]bg lbg ;lsg] Joj:yf u/L >d
:jLs[ltsf nflu 3G6f}+ / sltko
cj:yfdf /fte/ nfOg a:g'kg]{ cj:yf
cGTo u/] sf] pgn] pNn]v u/] .
pgsfcg';f/ j}bl] zs /f]huf/df uPsf
/ hfg]sf] ;'/Iffsf nflu ;/sf/n]
j}bl] zs /f]huf/ DofbL hLjg ladf
;'?cft u/]sf], ljutdf ?= ;ft nfv
dfq kfpg] Joj:yfdf ?= @) nfv;Dd
yk u/L ?= @& nfv;Dd kfpg] Joj:yf
ul/Psf], ljb]zdf /xg] ;a} g]kfnLsf]
clgjfo{?kdf ladf gjLs/0f ug]{
Joj:yf ul/Psf] / j}bl] zs /f]huf/df
uPsf %) nfv g]kfnL nfeflGjt ePsf
5g\. ;/sf/L c:ktfndf sfd gug]{
t/ lghL c:ktfndf sfd ug] {
lrlsT;snfO{ Jojl:yt ul/Psf],
oftfoft If]qdf gful/sn] Joxf]gk' { /]sf]
;f:tL sd ug{ cgnfOg ;]jf ;'?
ul/Psf] / zfvf sfof{no lj:tf/
ul/Psf] pNn]v pgn] u/]sf 5g\.
;fnk|= j}sf=
sf= lh=
b'a} d[uf}nfn] sfd gug]{ ePkl5 xfn
8fO{nl;; u/fP/ a;]sL l5g\. pgnfO{
8fS6/n] d[uf}nf kl/jt{g ug{ ;nnfx
lbP, pgsL cfdfn] 5f]/Lsf] hLjg
arfpg cfgf] Pp6f d[uf}nf lbg]
lg0f{o klg ul/g\. t/ 8fO{nl;;
u/fP/ b} l gls latfpb} cfPsL
d'gfnfO{ ePsf] k};f 8fO{nl;;df
;lsPsfn] d[uf}nf k|Tof/f]k0f ug{
cfly{s cefj v8\lsof]. pgL xfn
emfkfsf] eb|k'/df /x]sf] cf]d ;fO{
c:ktfn kflye/f pkrf/ u/fO/x]sL
l5g\. pgnfO{ d[uf}nf k|Tof/f]k0fsf
nflu sl/a @) nfv nfUg] hgfPsf
5g\. pgL elG5g\ oqf] k};f sxfFaf6
Nofpg] pgn] elgg\ oxfF k|Tof/f]k0f
gu/] lab]z hfp klg eG5g\. 5
dlxgfb] l v lg/Gt/ 8fO{ n l;n
ul//x]sL l5g\. 8fO{nl;; gu/fO{
gx'g] ePsfn] ePsf] k};f lg ;lsof]
clxn];Dd s;}af6 ;xof]u kfPsf]
5}g. pgn] elgg\,c?sf] ;xof]u kfP
eg] d]/f] klg hLjg afRg] lyof].
pgn] ;a}nfO{ cfu|x ub}{ elgg\, s[kof
efiff cfof]usf] u7g ul/Psf] tyf
k|bz] df pRr cbfnt / pRr ;/sf/L
jlsn sfof{no :yfkgf ul/Psf]
hfgsf/L lbF b } k| w fgdGqLn]
e"sDkkLl8tsf] cg'bfgdf ?= Ps nfv
x'nfsLdfu{sf] lgdf{0f klg cToGt}
k|efljt !$ lhNnfafx]s !& lhNnfdf
klg ;/sf/n] k'glg{df{0fsf nflu cg'bfg
ljt/0f ;'?cft u/]sf] hfgsf/L lbPsf
5g\. pgsf cg';f/ lj=;+= @)&! sf]
af9Lklx/f] / 8'afgaf6 k"0f{?kdf 3/df
Iflt k'us ] f afFs,] alb{of, bf / ;'vt{] sf
af9L kLl8tnfO{ e"sDk kLl8t;/x /fxt
ljt/0f ug{ ?= b'O{ ca{ (* s/f]8
ljt/0fsf nflu ?= *) s/f]8 lgsf;f
ul/;lsPsf] 5. zflGtk|lqmofnfO{
tfls{s lgisif{df k'ofpg] ;Gbe{df
;Tolg?k0f tyf d]nldnfk cfof]u /
a]kQf 5fglag cfof]usf] Dofb yk
ul/Psf] tyf ;DalGwt P]gsf] ;+zf]wg
d:of}bf tof/ ul/Psf] k|wfgdGqLn]
hfgsf/L lbPsf 5g\.
k|wfgdGqLn] ;z:q hgo'4sf
;dodf /fHo / ljb|fx] L kIfaf6 k|efljt
ePsf kl/jf/nfO{ yk ?= kfFr nfv
lbg] lg0f{o u/L ljt/0fsf] k|lqmof ;'?
ePsf] atfPsf 5g\. o;cl3 ?= kfFr
nfv /fxt kfPsf kLl8t kl/jf/n] yk
?= kfFr nfv kfpg] / /fxt ljt/0f
k|lqmof klg ;'? ePsf] :ki6 kfb}{ pgn]
Gdf k/L d[To' ePsf / a]kQf ePsfsf
kl/jf/nfO{ yk ?= kfFr nfv /fxt
ljt/0fn] ;/sf/ zflGtk|lqmofk|lt
k"0f{?kdf OdfGbf/ ePsf] :k:6 kf/]sf]
hgfPsf 5g\ . /fli6o uf} /jsf
cfof]hgfsf] sfof{GjognfO{ ult lbOPsf],
;d:of ;dfwfg ePsf] / cfof]hgf
;dod} ;DkGg x'g] jftfj/0f k}bf ePsf],
sf7df8f}+ t/fO{dw]; b|t' dfu{ g]kfn
zfvb=# g+ut] cfOtaf/
= !^#@)^#^$
tkfO{x?sf] ;fgf] ;xof]un] d]/f] hLjg
afRg ;S5, dnfO{ ;xof]u ug{'xf];\.
d'gfnfO{ ;xof]u ug{ rfxg]n] pgs}
gfddf /x]sf] g]kfn a}s+ efkf zfvfsf]
vftf gDa/
)**)!))^#^^^)&)))))! df
;xof]u ug{ ;S'x'g]5. o:t} df]jfO{n
(*@#!!())$, (*!$(#*^)) df
klg ;Sg'x'G5. pgnfO{ ;/sf/n] t
8fO{nl;; lgMz'Ns agfPsf] 5 lg
eGg] lh1f;fdf elgg\, agfP/ s] ug{
sf]6f g} x'Gg /]. eQmk'/df /x]sf]
dfgj c+u k|Tof/f]k0f s]Gb|df uPsf]
lyPF. klxn]b]lv u/fPsfnfO{ gu/L
tkfO{nfO{ u/fpg] s'/f ePg, d]l;gx?
klg sd 5g\, lgMz'Ns t ;Dea x'Gg
clxn] g} eg] To;}n] emfkfdf g} pkrf/
u/fO/xL 5'. oxfF a:g vfg clg
pkrf/ u/fpg, km]l/ slxn] lgMz'Ns
kfpg] xf] Tof] klg 6'+uf] ePg To;}n]
d k'gM emfkf kmls{PsL x'F. pgn]
elgg\ ca ;xof] u h' 6 \ o f] eg]
8fO{nl;;\ x}g d[uf}nf k|Tof/f]k0f g}
u5{'.
cfkm}n+ ] lgdf{0f ug]{ lg0f{o ul/Psf],
;/sf/af6 ul7t ;ldltn] k|ltj]bg
lbO;s]sf] tyf k|ltj]bg sfof{Gjogdf
uO;s]sf] 5 pgn] hfgsf/L lbPsf
5g\ . ljleGg sf/0fn] /f] lsPsf]
tLj|ultdf cl3 a9fOPsf] pNn]v ub}{
k|wfgdGqLn] e"ldxLg / ;'sd' af;LnfO{
lah'nL / kfgLsf] ld6/sf nflu nfnk'hf{
g} rflxg] Joj:yf x6fO gful/stf /
a;f]af;sf cfwf/df aQL / kfgLsf]
nfOg lbg] Joj:yf ul/Psf] atfPsf
5g\. ul/asf nflu ;/sf/ sfo{qmd
;Grfng ug{ sfo{of]hgf th{d' f u/L
:jLs[t ul/Psf], ul/a 3/kl/jf/sf
nflu kl/rokq ljt/0f ug]{ u/L tof/L
ul/Psf] tyf ls;fg cfof]u Pj+ e"ldxLg
/ ;'sd' af;Lsf ;d:of ;dfwfg ug{
a;f]af; cfof]u u7g ul/Psf];d]tnfO{
k|wfgdGqLn] cfgf] ;kmn sfo{qmd
atfPsf 5g\.
k|wfgdGqL s[lif cfw'lgsLs/0f
kl/of]hgfdfkm{t\ s[lifsf] pTkfbg /
pTkfbsTj j[l4 ug{ ;ftcf]6} k|bz ] df
;'k/hf]g sfof{no :yfkgf u/L sfd
cufl8 a9fOPsf] hfgsf/L lbF b}
k|wfgdGqLn] sGrgk'/ ;Ldf If]qdf
;xfbt k|fKt u/]sf uf]ljGb uf}td / ^
jif{cl3 df]/sf] ;Ldfdf d[To'j/0f u/]sf
jf;'bj] ;fxnfO{ ;lxb 3f]if0ff u/L ltgsf
kl/jf/nfO{ ?= !)!) nfv /fxt lbg]
lg0f{o ul/Psf] :k:6 kf/]. jt{dfg
;/sf/sf] xfn;Ddsf] sfdsf/afxLaf6
g]kfnL hgtfdf JofKt h'g hf]uL cfP
klg sfg} lr/]sf oxfF s]xL x'gj] fnf
5}g h:tf lg/fzfaf]ws cj:yfaf6
u/] x'g] /x]5 vfg] d'vnfO{ h'uF fn]
5]Sb}g eGg] ;sf/fTds cleJolQm
lbg;Sg] cj:yfdf k'ofPsf] k|wfgdGqLn]
hgfPsf 5g\.