;'gy/fnL ljdfg:yn pb\3f6g
sf7df8f} F . @)$@ ;fnb] l v 5g\ . pkk|wfgdGqL v8\sf;lxt
jif{ !&, c+s !*,
cfufdL r}t # ut] a[xt cGt/lqmof
sf7df8f}F . ;dfhjfbL df]rf{
g]kfnn] cfufdL r}t # ut] a'l4hLjL,
jfdkGyL;lxtsf] a[xt cGt/lqmof ug]{
ePsf] 5 . pQm cGt/lqmofdf
;dfhjfbL df]rf{ g]kfnsf zLif{:y
g] t fnufot a' l 4hLjL,
jfdkGyLnufotsf] ;xeflutf /xg]
atfOPsf] 5 . df]rf{sf ;+of]hs tyf
g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{sf dxf;lrj
ljKnj ;Lsf] pkl:yltdf ;f]daf/
laxfg a;]sf] a}7sn] pQm lg0f{o u/]sf]
xf] . pQm a}7sdf df]rf{sf] ;lrjfno
;b:o g] s kf dfcf] j fbL s] G b| s f
dxf;lrj b]j u'?ª, g]skf ;dfhjfbL
kf6L{sf pkfWoIf k|dz] xdfn, hgtf
;dfhjfbL kf6L{sf g]tf /fh]Gb| >]i7
/ g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{sf :yfoL
;ldlt ;b:o ;Gtf]if ;Lsf] ;xeflutf
cfly{s ;ª\s6sf] d"n sf/s k/lge{/tf / pbf/jfb
sf7df8f} F . g] k fn sDo' l gi6
kf6L{sf :yfoL ;ldlt ;b:o clgn
;Ln] cfly{s ;ª\s6sf] d"n sf/s
@)*) ;fn kmfu'g @) ut] cfOtaf/ (March 3, 2024)
;dfhjfbL df]rf{ ;lqmo
/x]sf] lyof] .
pQm a} 7 sn] hgtfn] 7" n f]
alnbfgLaf6 k|fKt u0ftGqsf lj?4
k|ltufdL tof k'g?TyfjfbLx?af6
ljleGg if8\oGqx? eO/x]sf] eGb} of]
cj:yfdf hgtfnfO{ ;dfhjfbL
ljsNk lbg b]zJofkL leQ]nv
] g ug],{
l8lh6n k| l jlwsf] / ;fdflhs
;~hfnx?sf] k| o f] u u/] / lgDg
gf/fx?nfO{ Jofks k|rf/–k|;f/ ug]{
lg0f{ox? u/]sf] atfOPsf] 5 .
gf/fx?
!= ;dfhjfbL df] r f{ g] k fn –
lhGbfjfb Û
@= oyfl:ylt / k|ltudgsf] – lj/f]w
u/f},F g]kfnL ljz]ktfsf] ;dfhjfb
– :yfkgf u/f}F .
#= ;+3Lo nf]stflGqs u0ftGqsf] –
ef/tk|lt k/lge{/tf / pbf/jfb
ePsf] 7f]s'jf u/]sf 5g\ . g]skf
k"j{–lrtjgåf/f laxLaf/ /Tggu/
/Iff / ljsf; u/f}+, ;dfhjfbL
qmflGtsf] jf6f]df – cl3 a9f}+ Û
$= ljQLo Psflwsf/ bnfn
k'FhLjfbsf] – lj/f]w u/f}F, /fli6«o
:jfwLgtfsf] – /Iff u/f}+ .
%= juL{o, hftLo, If]qLo, lnª\uLo,
lje]bsf] – cGTo u/f},+ ;dtfd"ns
;dfhsf] – :yfkgf u/f}+ .
o;}u/L, ;f] a}7sn] ;dfhjfbL
df]rf{ g]kfnn] cfˆgf] wf/0ffx? :ki6
ug{ æ;dfhjfbL df]rf{Æ gfdsf] Pp6f
k|sfzg cfpFbf] @)*! j}zfv;Dd
k|sflzt ug]{ . k|sfzg ;ldltdf
g] s kfaf6 clgn ;L, g] s kf -
dfcf]jfbL s]Gb|af6 dx]Zj/ bxfn,
g]skf -PsLs[t ;dfhjfbL_ af6
huGgfy vltj8f / hgtf
;dfhjfbL kf6L{af6 k"0f{axfb'/ a:g]t
gu/gu/kflnsf, 6fF8Ldf cfof]lht
…Pd;L;L kl/of]hgf, /fhgLlts–
cfly{s ;+s6 / lgsf;Ú ljifos
d"No ?= !).–
/xg] lg0f{o u/]sf] 5 .
o;}u/L, pQm a}7sn] df]rf{n]
g]skf -d;fn_ / cGo ldq kf6L{x?;Fu
5nkmn ug]{ lhDdf ;of]hs ljKnj
;LnfO{ lbPsf] 5 .
o;}aLr, g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{sf
dxf;lrj ljKnj ;Ln] ;dfhjfbL
df]rf{ g]kfnn] xfn} lg0f{o u/]sf
b]zJofkL sfo{qmd OdfGbfl/tfk"j{s
nfu" ug{ kf6L{nfO{ lgb]z
{ g lbPsf 5g\ .
;f] d af/ a' 4 gu/l:yt g] s kfsf]
sfof{ n odf pknAw s] l Gb| o
;b:ox?;Fu df]rf{sf] sfo{qmdaf/]
;+lIfKt la|lkmª ub}{ dxf;lrj ljKnjn]
;f] lgb]z
{ g lbPsf x'g\ .
g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{;lxt rf/
kf6L{ ;lDdlnt ;dfhjfbL df]rf{n]
xfn} dxf;lrj ljKnj ;LnfO{ g]t[Tj
cGt/lqmof sfo{qmddf af]Nb} pgn]
;f] 7f]s'jf u/]sf x'g\ .
g] t f clgn ;Ln] ef/tk| l t
k/lge{/ cy{tGq x'g', e|i6frf/ x'g',
ef/tsf] x]kfxf gLltsf sf/0f g]kfnsf]
pTkfbsTj sdhf]/ x'g' clxn]sf]
cfly{s ;ª\s6sf] d"n sf/0f ePsf]
pNn]v ub}{ o;sf] lgsf;sf nflu
pQ/L ;Ldfgfsf vf] N g' k g] { tyf
ef/tk|ltsf] k/lge{/tf 36fpg' kg]{
atfP . pgn] @)$^ ;fnkl5
sfFu|];sf] g]t[Tjdf Pdfn];d]tsf]
;/sf/n] gjpbf/jfbnfO{ :jLsf/
u/]kl5 pBf]ux¿ lghLs/0fsf] gfddf
ljb]zLnfO{ a]lrPsf] jf aGb ul/Psf],
lzIff, :jf:Yo, s[lif If]qdf cg'bfg
s6f}tL ul/Psf sf/0f b]z k/lge{/
aGb} uPsf] v'nf;f u/] . pgn] g]kfnL
ljz]iftfsf] ;dfhjfbn] dfq oL b'O{
;d:ofsf] ;dfwfg ug{ ;Sg] 7f]sj' f
;d]t u/] .
sfo{qmddf g]kfnL sfFu;
]| sf clvn
clwsf/L, dfcf]jfbL s]Gb|sf bLks zfxL
-;'/;
] _, g]skf dzfnsf] 8Da/ k'/L,
-af“ s L clGtd k] h df_
lgdf{ 0 f ;' ? ePsf] sflnsf] 6
sf]6af8fsf] ;'gy/fnL ljdfg:ynsf]
;f]daf/ pkk|wfg Pj+ /IffdGqL
k"0f{axfb'/ v8\sfn] pb\3f6g u/]sf
x:tfGt/0f u/];Fu} ljKnj ;Lsf]
cWoIftfdf a;]sf] a}7ssf lg0f{oaf/]
kf6L{ ;Da4 g]tfx¿nfO{ hfgsf/L lbFb}
dxf;lrj ljKnj ;Ln] b] z } e /
;dfhjfbsf] kIfdf k|rf/–k|;f/ ug],{
sf7df8f}Fdf r}t # ut] a'l4hLjL,
jfdkGyL;lxtsf] cGt/lqmof ug]{,
g]skf dzfnnfO{ ;dfhjfbL df]rf{df
;lDdlnt u/fpg kqfrf/ ug] { ,
;dfhjfbL df]rf{sf] k|sfzg ug]{,
ld6/Aofhnufot ;d;fdlos
ljifodf df] r f{ n ] af] N g] ,
l8lh6n;lxtsf] k|rf/ ug]{ lg0f{o
u/]sf] atfP .
dxf;lrj ljKnj ;Ln] ;dfhjfbL
df]rf{nfO{ sdhf]/ / c;kmn kfg{
ljleGg 9Ën] k|oTg e}/x]sf] eGb}
cfk"mx? b]zsf] ljBdfg cfly{s
ljBdfg ;d:ofsf] sf/s bnfn k'h“ LjfbL Joj:yf
sf7df8f} F . g] k fn sDo' l gi6
kf6L{sf :yfoL ;ldlt ;b:o e/t
;L]n] ljBdfg ;d:of bnfn k'h F LjfbL
Joj:yfsf] ePsf] 7f]sj' f u/]sf 5g\ .
g]kfn sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ blIf0f s0ff{nL
Jo"/f]åf/f afFs]sf] sf]xnk'/df a'waf/
cfof]lht % lbg] Jo"/f] :t/Lo :s'lnª\
sfo{qmddsf] pb\3f6g ub}{ pgn] ;f]
7fs'jf u/]sf x'g .
g]tf e/t ;L]n] ljBdfg ;d:ofsf]
;+ : s[ l t, ko{ 6 g tyf gful/s
p•ogdGqL ;'bg ls/fFtL, g]skf
lgs6 clvn -;dfhjfbL_ sf s]Gb|Lo
-af“ s L clGtd k] h df_
/fhgLlts ;+s6sf] lgsf; lbg /
;dfhjfbL k| 0 ffnL :yflkt ug{
lg/Gt/ cufl8 a9\g] k|lta4tf ;d]t
JoQm u/] .
dxf;lrj ljKnj ;Ln] sfe|]sf]
kfFrvfndf ug]{ elgPsf] cd]l/sL ;]gf
/ g]kfnL ;]gfsf] ;+o'Qm ;}Go cEof;
ca cfdL{ x]8Sjf6/ sf7df8f}Fdf ug{'
b]zsf] ;fj{ef}d ;Qfsf nflu yk
uDeL/ ljifo ePsf] ;d]t atfpFb}
eg]– æg]kfnsf] ;}Go x]8Sjf6{/df
cd]l/sL ;]gfsf] pkl:ylt a9\b} 5,
jfdkGyL, sDo'lg:6 zlQmx?nfO{
sdhf] / kfg] { / cGttM b] z sf
/fhgLlts zlQmx¿nfO{ sdhf]/ kf/]/
b]zdf cl:y/tf k}bf ug]{ if8\oGq tLj|
ePsf] 5 .Æ
o;}u/L, dxf;lrj ljKnj ;Ln]
g]kfnL sfFu|];n] k|r08nufotsf
sDo'lg:6 g]tfx?nfO{ cfˆgf] sfvdf
/fv]/ l;Wofpg vf]hs ] f] l6Kk0fL u/] .
pgn] g]kfnL sfFu|];;lxtsf] ;Qf
u7aGwgsf] g] t [ T j ul//x] s f
k|r08nfO{ ;/sf/sf] g]t[Tj lbPsf]
eP klg ;/sf/n] hgtfsf b}lgs
;d:of ;dfwfg / /fli6«o :jfwLgtfsf]
;' / Iff ug] { e Gbf klg dfcf] j fbL,
sDo'lg:6 / jfdkGyL zlQmx?nfO{
abgfd / c;kmn kfg{ k| o f;
e}/x]sf]n] o;af/] uDeL/ x'g'kg]{
atfpFb} eg]– æPsflt/ sfFu|]; ;Qf
u7aGwgsf] k|d'v ;fem]bf/ bn xf]
eg] csf]{lt/ sfFu|];sf] xfn} ;DkGg
dxf;ldlt a} 7 ssf] cflwsfl/s
b:tfj]hdf hgo'4nfO{ ck/flws
lqmofsnfk eg]/ kl/eflift / JofVof
ul/Psf] kfOof] . sfFu|]; :jod\ lxhf]
o'4sf] Pp6f lx:;f xf], To;sf] Pp6f
sf/s xf] / zflGt ;Demf} t fsf]
x:tfIf/stf{ klg xf], hgo'4 x'Gy]g
eg] b]z clxn] klg sxfF x'GYof], ljrf/
ug{ h?/L 5 .Æ
-af“ s L clGtd k] h df_
;dfwfg g] k fnL ljz] i ftfsf]
;dfhjfbn] dfq x'g] 7f]sj' f ub}{ eg]–
…cfhsf] Joj:yfsf] ;Ldf ;d:ofx?
w]/5
} g\, ld6/ JofhLsf] cfGbf]ng k}bn
lxF8]/ l;+xbjf/ k'u]sf] 5 . o'jfx?
a]/f]huf/ eP/ /f]huf/Lsf nflu
ljb]lzPsf 5g\ . Pd;L;Ln] x:tIf]k
a9fPsf] 5 . e|i6frf/, sldzgn]
b]z cfqmfGt 5 . oL tdfd ;d:ofx?
-af“ s L clGtd k] h df_
 2 @)*) ;fn kmfu'g @) ut] cfOtaf/
ltdL ltd|f] tl/sfn] n8, xfdL xfd|f] tl/sfn] n8\5f}

✍ ;DkfbsLo
– s= dfcf]T;] t'ª
a[xt\ jfd Pstf cfhsf] k|dv
' cfjZostf
hg:t/af6 a[xt\ jfd Pstf eGb} hfg] xf]eg] k"j{ rf}yf] dxflwj]zg kfOG5 . To;nfO{ ;+of]hg u/]/ sfo{ut clwj]zgdf tTsfnLg dxf;lrj

;dfhjfbsf nflu h'6f}+ cfhsf] k|dv ' cfjZostf eGg] s'/fx?

pl7/x]sf 5g\ . x'g t jfd Pstf @))^
;fndf g]kfn sDo'lgi6 kf6L{sf] :yfkgf
ut c;f/ $ ut] ;f]daf/ ;‹Lotf, nf]stGq, ;'zf;g, ;d[l4 / ePb]lv g} cfsif{s gf/f /xFb} cfPsf]
;fdflhs– cfly{s Gofo;lxtsf] g]kfnL ljz]iftfsf] ;dfhjfbsf] :yfkgf 5 . xfn} dfcf]jfbL s]Gb|sf] ljwfg
ug]{ p2]Zo lnP/ g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{sf dxf;lrj ljKnj ;L, g]skf
dfcf]jfbL s]Gb|sf cWoIf k|r08, PsLs[t ;dfhjfbLsf cWoIf dfwj
;Dd]ng eof], ToxfF klg jfd Pstfsf]
s'/f p7]sf] lyof] . Pdfn]sf] s]lGb|o
g]kfn, h;kfsf cWoIf pk]Gb| ofbjn] x:tfIf/ u/]/ ;dfhjfbL df]rf{ g]kfn ;ldltsf] a}7s eof], ToxfF klg jfd
u7g u/]sf lyP . of]aLrdf ;dfhjfbL df]rf{n] ;ft} k|b]zdf ;Gb]z ;ef Pstfsf] s'/f p7\of] . qmflGtsf/L
sDo'lgi6 kf6L{, g]kfnn] sltko
;DkGg ug{s ' f ;fy} && j6} lhNnfdf cfˆgf] ;+u7g;d]t la:tf/ ul/;s]sf]
5 . o;}aLr, df]rf{sf ;+of]hs tyf g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{sf dxf;lrj sDo'lgi6 kf6L{x?sf aLrdf kf6L{
ljKnj ;Lsf] cWoIftfdf a;]sf] df]rf{sf] a}7sn] b]zdf g]kfnL laz]iftfsf] Pstfsf] kxn ul//x]sf] s'/f aflx/
;dfhjfb :yfkgf ug{ ;dfhjfbL df]rf{nfO{ Aofks agfpg] lg0f{o u/L cfPsf] 5 . g]qljqmd rGb g]tT[ jsf]
;f]xL adf]lhd laleGg sfo{qmd ;fj{hlgs u/]sf] 5 . h'g b]z / hgtfsf] g]skfn] sDo'lgi6 Pstfdf hf]8 lbPsf]
nflu v';Lsf] ljifo xf] . 5 . nf]sgf/fo0f ;'jb] L g]tT[ jsf] g]skfn]
s]xL ;fgf ;d"xx?;Fu kf6L{ Pstfsf
olta]nf b]zL ljb]zL k|ltlqmofjfbL zlQmx?sf rnv]nn] b]z
/fhgLlts, cfly{s, ;fdflhs / ;f+:s[ltsnufot ;Dk"0f{ ?kdf lbgk|ltlbg nflu jftf{ cufl8 a9fPsf s'/fx?
b"lift aGb} uPsf] 5 eg] /fi6«, /fli6«otf / hghLljsfdfly lbgk|ltlbg ;+s6 cfPsf 5g\ . dfcf]jfbL s]Gb|nufotsf
s]xL sDo'lgi6 kf6L{x?n] u}/sDo'lgi6
ylkFb} 5 . ;+oQ' m ;}lgs cEof;sf] gfddf g]kfnsf] ;}Go d'Vofnodf cd]l/sL
kf6L{ h;kfnfO{ ;d]t /fv]/ ;dfhjfbL
;]gf k|j]z u/]sf] 5 . ef/tLox? lxGb'OHd / /fhtGqsf] Ph]G8f af]s]/ / df]rf{ agfPsf 5g\ . rGb g]tT[ jsf]
klZrdfx? lqmlZrogs/0f / klxrfg;lxtsf] ;+3Lotf tyf wd{lg/k]Iftfsf] g]skf;lxtsf 36sx?sf] o;cl3 a[xt\
Ph]G8f af]s/] b]znfO{ åGbdf ws]Ng sDd/ s;]/ nfu]sf 5g . b]zdf j}bl] zs /0fgLlts df]rf{ ag]sf] lyof] . kl5 cGo
x:tIf]k, dxFuL, e|i6frf/ / clgoldttfn] ;Ldf gf3]sf] 5 eg] ljsf; df]rf{x? klg ag] . g]skf -d;fn_ n]
lgdf{0fsf sfo{ 7Kk ePsf 5g\ . ;+;b, b]zL–ljb]zL bnfn, k|ltlqmofjfbL cfkm\g} kf6L{sf] dfq r'gfjL df]rf{sf?kdf
tTj / bnLo g]tfnfO{ kmfObf lng] cv8f ePsf] 5 . sfo{kflnsf,
/fli6«o hgdf]rf{ agfPsf] 5 . o;cl3sf]
Gofokflnsf e|i6frf/sf] cv8f ag]sf] 5 . ;+;bLo Joj:yf s} sf/0f b]z ;+oS' t hgdf]rf{s} w]/} cg'ejx? /x]sf
/ hgtf k|tfl8t x'gs ' f ;fy} !) jif]{ hgo'4 / !( lbg] hgcfGbf]ngaf6 5g\ . t/, w]/} df]rf{x? l6sfp e}/x]sf
k|fKt u0ftGqsf] pkxf; ePsf] 5 . ;+ljwfg sfuhsf] vf]:6f]df kl/0ft 5}gg\ . Tolt x'bF fx'bF } klg cfjZostf
ePsf] 5 . Pd;L;L ;Demf}tf ;+;baf6 kfl/t ePsf] 5 eg] P;kLkLkL eg] ;a}sfaLrdf v6\lsPsf] 5 . To;}n]
;Demf}tf nfu" ug{ ljleGg k|kGrx? eO/x]sf 5g\ . ;+;bLo Joj:yf, ;+;b\jfbL of] cfjZostf / hgrfxgfsf] k"lt{
bn / g]tfsf sf/0f j}b]lzs x:tIf]kn] ;Ldf gf3]sf] 5, Pskl5 csf]{ s;/L ug]{ < Tof] cfhsf] ;a}eGbf
/fi6«3ft / hg3ftL sfo{ eO/x]sf 5g\ . hgrf;f]sf ljifonfO{ ;Daf]wg dxTjk"0f{ ax;sf] ljifo ePsf] 5 .
ug]{eGbf dhfsdf p8fpg] sfo{ eO/x]sf 5g\ . oL ;a} 36gfn] ;/sf/, sltkon] k"j{dfcf]jfbL 36sx?sf]
;+;b\jfbL bn / g]tf dfq geO{ ;du| ;+;bLo Joj:yf g} c;kmn ePsf]] Pstfsf] s'/f u/] . Tof] ;'Gbf s0f{lk|o
k|dfl0ft u/]sf] 5 . eP klg c;+ e j xf] . lsgls
oL ;a} tYonfO{ b[li6ut ubf{ g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{n] ;+;bLo Joj:yfaf6 k"jd{ fcf]jfbLsf sltko 36sx? ;+;bLo
b]z / hgtfsf] d'lQm ;Dej 5}g eGb} ;+3if{ ub}{ cfO/x]sf] lyof], To;sf] k'li6 /fhgLltdf cEo:t ePsf 5g\ eg]
x'g uPsf] 5 . b]znfO{ a}b]lzs x:tIf]knufot tdfd ;+s6af6 d'Qm kfg{ sltkon] ;+;bLo /fhgLltnfO{ dflg/x]sf
PsLs[t hgqmflGtdfkm{t\ j}1flgs ;dfhjfbdf k'Ug] nIosf ;fy ;+3if{/t 5}gg\ . sltkon] t )^@ df lbNnLdf
g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{sf] Ph]08f olta]nf lglj{sNk aGg uPsf] 5 . h'g ePsf] !@ a'bF ] ;xdlt, )^# df ePsf]
s'/f ;+;b\jfbL bnx?n] ;d]t of] jf Tof] axfgfdf :jLsf/ ub}{ cfPsf 5g\ . zflGt ;+emf}tf, ;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rg
To;sf/0f b]znfO{ cu|udgtkm{ n}hfg g]kfnL ljz]iftfsf] ;dfhjfbL Joj:yf / )&@ sf] ;+ljwfgnfO{ g} cdfGo 3f]if0ff
:yfkg ug{s ' f] lasNk 5}g . t;y{, g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{;lxt ag]sf] u/]sf 5g\ . sltkon] To;}nfO{ cfkm\gf]
;dfhjfbL df] r f{ g] k fndf g] k fnsf cfdqmflGtsf/L, k| u ltzLn, 7"nf] pknlAw dflg/x]sf klg 5g\ . o:tf]
cj:yfdf Psy/Ln] k"j{ dfcf]jfbLx?sf]
;Rrfnf]stGqjfbL / /fi6«eQm bn, g]tf / cfd:jfledfgL g]kfnL hgtf
Pstf / csf]y{ /Ln] k"j{ Pdfn]x?sf]
uf]na4 x'g] k5{ / ;f]xL df]rf{sf] g]t[Tjdf b]zdf ;dfhjfb :yfkgf ug{' PstfeGb} hfg] xf] eg] Tof] s]jn ljjfb
k5{ . cGoyf b]z / hgtfsf] eljio rf}k6 x'g] lglZrt 5 . a9fpg] s'/f dfq} x'g hfG5 . To;f]
;dy{sx?sf] Pstf cyjf rf}yf]
dxflwj]zgnfO{ dfGotf glbg]x?sf]
Pstfnufotsf s'/fx? klg cfpg
Pstf ug{ ;lsg] cj:yf klg /x]sf]
5 . To;}n] xfn z'?df ;+;bdf /x]sf
/ g/x]sf ;a} -;+ej geP hlt;Sbf]
dgdf]xg clwsf/Ln] g} ;+zf]wgjfbnfO{
;+:yfut?kdf k|jz ] u/fPsf] s'/f klg
p7]sf] lyof] . g]skfsf] k|yd 3f]if0ffkq
;Sb5g\ . To;}n] g]kfnsf] cfhsf] k|dv ' a9L_ sDo'lgi6 kf6L{sf bf]>f] txsf u0ftGqjfbL eP klg bf]>f] clwj]zgn]
8f= s]zj b]jsf]6f
s'g} g s'g} ;dodf sDo'lgi6x? Ps eP/ sfd ug}k{ g]{ x'G5 .
&) k|ltzteGbf a9L sDo'lgi6x? /x]sf] d'ns ' g]kfndf
pgLx?s} aLrdf Pstf gx'g' ljZjs} nflu b'vb\ va/ xf] .
To;}n] sDo'lgi6 kf6L{x?sf aLrdf /x]sf ljjfbx?nfO{ xn ug'{
;a}sf nflu afWotf klg /x]sf] 5 . sDo'lgi6 kf6L{sf af/]df
hgdfg;df ;w}F e|dsf] cj:yf /x\of] eg] To;n] ;+;bLo
lgjf{rgdf efu lnPsf / glnPsf b'ay} /LnfO{ xfgL u5{ . of]
s'/fnfO{ cl:yTjdf /x]sf ;a} sDo'lgi6 kf6L{n] :jLsf/ u/]/
To;sf] ;dfwfg s;/L ug]÷ { u/fpg] eGg] pkfosf] vf]hLdf
nfUg'kb{5 . h;sf nflu tTsfn cToGt nlrnf] vfnsf]
sDo'lgi6 Pstf d~rsf] :yfkgf x'gk' b{5 . ;f] d~rn] g]kfnsf
sDo'lgi6 kf6L{x?sf aLrdf /x]sf ljjfb / d]nsf s'/fx?sf] cWoog cg';Gwfg u/]/ ljjfbsf
s'/fx?nfO{ qmdzM Go'gLs/0f ub}{ nfg] ;"qx?sf] ljsf; ug'{ cfjZos 5 . sd;]sd jif{df b'O–{ rf/ k6s
dfq} eP klg ;a} sDo'lgi6 kf6L{x?sf aLrdf ;femf sfo{qmdx? x'g ;s] eg] o;n] r'gfjdf efu lng] /
glng] b'ay} /LnfO{ kmfObf ub{5 . Tof]eGbf klg a[xt\ jfd Pstfn] g]kfnsf zf]lift kLl8tsf ;fy}
cfdg]kfnL hgtfnfO{ kmfObf x'G5 . ljb]zL x:tIf]k sd ug{ ;lsG5 . To;}n] jfd Pstfsf] cleofgnfO{
gofF 9+un] p7fg\ ug'{ h?/L b]lvPsf] 5 .
cfjZostf eg]sf] a[xt\ jfd Pstf g]tfx? /x]sf] sDo'lgi6 Pstf d~rsf] j}wflgs /fhtGq :jLsf/ u/]sf]
xf] . x'g t sltkon] emf]semfsdf u7g ul/g' kb{5 . h;sf] d"n w]og} b]lvPsf] lyof] . @)$& ;fndf u7g
Pdfn]eGbf g]kfnL sfFu; ]| jfdkGyL / sDo'lgi6 kf6L{x?sf aLrdf /x]sf ePsf] Pdfn]sf] nfOg g} dgdf]xgn]
k|ultzLn eg]/ layf]Ng] sfd klg ljjfbnfO{ sd ug]{ / sd;]sd jif{df @)!) ;fndf kfl/t u/fPsf]
ul/;s]sf 5g\ . o;/L ljjfbsf ljifox? b'O–{ rf/ k6s eP klg ljrf/x?sf] ;+zf]wgcg'?k /x]sf] dflgG5 . h;sf]
vf]tNb} hfg] xf] eg] kf6L{ :yfkgfdf ljlgdo u/fpg] xf]; . dfS;{, P]ªu\ N] ;, g]tT[ j dfwj g]kfn, emngfy vgfn /
ePsf] ljjfbsf] s'/f klg cfpg ;Sb5 . / n]lggnufotsf cGt/f{li6«o sDo'lgi6 s]kL cf]nL x'bF } cufl8 a9]sf] 5 . @)!&
g]kfndf sDo'lgi6 kf6L{x?aLrsf] g]tfx?sf] hGd hoGtL Pp6} d~raf6 ;fnsf] k'; ! ut]sf] sf08df klg
Pstfsf] k|dv' cfwf/ klxnf] dfS;{jfb– dgfpg ;lsg] cj:yf 5 . sltko g]skfdf :ki6 laefhg b]lvPsf] lyof] .
n]lggjfb x'g;S5 . To;df dfcf]jfbnfO{ ljifodf ljrf/ km/s eP klg Pp6} g]skf :yfkgfsf] !# jif{kl5 klxnf]k6s
ylkof] eg] sltkon] dfcf]jfb dfGb}gg\ . d~rdf a;] / ljrf/ ljlgdo cf}krfl/s ?kdf km'6s ] f] / To;kl5
sltkon] dfcf] ljrf/wf/f dfg]sf ug{÷u/fpg ;lsg] cj:yf klg 5 . km'6sf cgluGtL z[v + nfx? z'? ePsf]
5g\ eg] sltkon] To;nfO{ ;d]t h:tf] sDo'lgi6 kf6L{sf] :yfkgf Ps} b]lvPsf] 5 . cfh klg Tof]qmd hf/Lg}
g:jLsf/]sf] cj:yf 5 . To;}n] k6s ePsf] xf] . g]skfsf] :yfkgf 5 . ;doqmddf lxhf]sf sltko
dfS;{jfb–n]lggjfbnfO{ dfq cfwf/ @))^ ;fnsf] a} z fv !) ut] qmflGtsf/Lx? cfh blIf0fkGyL /
agfP/ Pstfsf] k|lqmof cufl8 snsQfsf] Zofdahf/l:yt Ps ;+;bjfbL v]dfdf k'us ] f 5g\ . t/,
a9fOg' /fd|f] x'G5 . bf]>f] s'/f ;a}n] a+ufnLsf] 3/df ePsf] lyof] elgG5 . klg pgLx?n] cfk"mnfO{ sDo'lgi6 eGg
cfcfkm\gf dfux? cufl8 ;f/]sf 5g\ . ;+ : yfks dxf;lrj k' i knfnn] 5f8]sf 5}gg\ . g]kfndf /x]sf k|foM
tL dfudf hg;/f]sf/ / hghLljsfsf …g]kfnsf] sDo'lgi6 cfGbf]ngsf] ;+lIfKt sDo'lgi6x?df a}rfl/s s'/fd} s]xL
;jfnx?df k|foM ;a} sDo'lgi6 Oltxf;Údf cfk"mn] g]skf :yfkgf gldn]h:tf] b]lvPsf] 5 . vf;df
36sx?sf] ljrf/df ;dfgtf /x]sf] ul/;s]kl5 dfq kf6L{sf] lg0f{ocg';f/ sDo'lgi6 kf6L{x? ldqzlQm x'g\ .

‘;femf b[li6sf]0f gagfP b]z cufl8 a9\bg} ’

sf7df8f}F . g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{sf
kf]ln6Ao'/f] ;b:o ;'jf; ;Ln] ;femf
b[li6sf]0f gagfP b]z cufl8 ga9\g]
7f]sj' f u/]sf 5g\ . laxLaf/ b+luz/0f
ufpFkflnsfdf cfof]lht cGt/lqmof
sfo{qmddf k|dv ' jQmfsf] ?kdf af]Nb}
pgn] ;f] 7f]sj' f x'g\ .
g]tf ;'jf;n] ;femf b[li6sf]0f gagfP
b]z cufl8 ghfg] atfpFb} eg]– …g]kfndf
clxn] /fhgLlts ;+s6 ulx/f] 5 eGg]df
;a} ;xdt g} 5f}F t/ o;sf] lgsf;
s;/L lbg] eGg]df xfdL afx]s s'g}
/fhgLlts bnn] ;f]rs ] f 5}gg\ . xfdLn]
;+;bLo ;Qfsf] ljsNkdf clxn]s}
kl/l:yltdf g] k fnL ljz] i ftfsf]
;dfhjfbaf6 xn u/f}+ eg]sf 5f}F .Ú
g]tf ;'jf;n] g]kfnsf ;a} bnx?n]
;dfhjfb elg/x]sf 5g\, ;dfhjfbsf]
gfddf hgtfaf6 r'lgPsf 5g\ t/
hgtfn] ;dfhjfb ef]Ug gkfPsf] pNn]v
ub}{ eg]– …;dfhjfb eGg] s'/f dfq}
xf]Og Tof] hgtfnfO{ k|bfg u/fpg] s'/f
xf] . xfdL g]kfnsf ;a} bnx?nfO{ clkn
ul//x]sf 5f}F ls ca ;dfhjfbsf] ax;
u/f}+ . ax; dfq} xf]Og ca ;dfhjfbnfO{
g]kfnL df}lnstf / ljz]iftf;Fu hf]8/]
clxn]sf] /fhgLlts ;+s6sf] lgsf;
lbg ;femf Ph]G8f / sfo{qmdx? agfpg
tof/ agf}+ .Ú
g]tf ;'jf;n] /fhgLlts, cfly{s,
;fdflhs, ;f+:s[lts nufPtsf tdfd
If]qx? lbgk|ltlbg ;+s6u|:t eO/x]sfn]
o;sf] lgsf; ;dod} lbg g;s] d'ns ' laz]iftfsf] ;dfhjfbn] g]kfnsf
uDeL/ b'36{ gfdf hfg] ;d]t atfP .
pgn] /fli6«o :jfwLgtf Oltxf;s}
;+s6u|:t cj:yfdf ePsf] pNn]v ub}{
eg]– …g]kfndf cd]l/sf cfOk'us ] f] 5 .
;+;bjfbL bnfnx?sf] a'l4sf sf/0fn]
Pdl;;Ldfkm{t\ cd]l/sf l;w} g]kfn k|jz]
u/]sf] 5 . of] b]znfO{ o'4df km;fpg],
oxfFsf k|fs[lts ;|ft] ;fwgx? sAhf
ug]{, l5d]sL d'n's rLgsf lj?4
3]/faGbL ug]{ /0fgLlt;lxt cd]l/sf
g]kfn cfPsf] 5 . xfdLn] klxn] g} eg]sf
lyof}+ cd]l/sf ;xof]usf] gfddf laiffn'
ljif lnP/ cfPsf] 5 . xfdLn] cd]l/sfsf]
af/]df u/]sf] laZn]z0f clxn] ;To;flat
ePsf] 5 . Pdl;;L k|fh ] S] 6 clxn]klg
vf/]h ug]{ cleofgdf ;a} b]zeQm,
/fi6«jfbL, jfdkGyLx? ldNg g;Sg] xf]
eg] x]bf{xb] {} of] b]z o'qm]g aGg]5 .Ú
o;}u/L, g]tf ;'jf;n] g]kfnL
>lds, ls;fg, dhb'/, dlxnf, o'jf,
;'sD' af;L, ljBfyL{, /fli6«o pBf]uL,
Joj;foL, Jofkf/L, a'l4hLjL ;a}nfO{
clwsf/ ;DkGg u/fpFb} d'ns ' nfO{
/fhgLlts 9+un] l:y/, cfly{s ?kn]
cfTdlge{ / , ;fdflhs,
;f+:s[ltsnufotsf ;a} ;d:ofx? xn
ug]{ ljZjf; ;d]t JoQm u/] .
g] s kf klZrd bfªcGtu{ t
b+ l uz/0f ufpF k flnsf ;ldltsf]
cfof]hgfdf /fli6«o :jfwLgtfsf] /Iff /
cfly{s ;d[l4sf] cu|ufdL lgsf;, g]kfnL
/fhgLlts ljrf/sf] /Iff / ljsf;
ljifos cGt/lqmof sfo{qmd cfof]hgf
ul/Psf] xf] .
g]skfsf lklaPd Pjd k|dv ' jQmf
;'jfif ;Lsf] k|dv' cfltYodf ePsf]
sfo{qmddf kf6L{sf s]Gb|Lo ;b:o k|lbk
;L, kf6L{sf s]Gb|Lo k|ltlglw ;ldlt
;b:o ljsf; ;L, o'jf ;+u7g g]kfnsf
dxf;lrj ltns ;L, b+ l uz/0f
ufpFkflnsf j8f g+= $ sf cWoIf sdn
rf}w/L, g]skf -dfs]_ sf g]tf laGb',
u0ftflGqs v]ns'b dxf;+3sf s]Gb|Lo
;b:o Pjd n'lDagL k|bz ] OGrfh{ ?b|
;L, g]kfn /fli6«o k|fWofks ;+u7gsf
s]Gb|Lo ;b:o a+lzw/ cfrfo{, o'jf g]tf
tyf k'j{ hgd'lQm ;]gf uf]laGb e08f/L,
g]skf -dfs]_ b+luz/0fsf g]tf nf]s
axfb'/ v8\sf nufPtsf] cfltYotf
/x]sf] lyof] .
cGt/lqmof sfo{qmddf sfo{kqdfyL
u0ftflGqs v]ns'b dxf;+3sf s]Gb|Lo
;b:o Pjd n'lDagL k|bz ] sf OGrfh{
?b| ;L, g]kfn /fli6«o k|fWofks ;+u7gsf
s]Gb|Lo ;b:o a+lzw/ cfrfo{, b+luz/0f
ufpFkflnsf j8f g+=$ sf cWoIf sdn
rf}w/L, o'jf ;+u7g g]kfnsf dxf;lrj
ltns ;L, g]skf -dfs]_ sf g]tf laGb',
g]skfsf s]Gb|Lo k|ltlglw ;ldltsf
;b:o ljsf; ;L, g]skfsf s]Gb|Lo ;b:o
k|lbk ;L nufPtn] ;'emfj;lxtsf]
l6Kk0fL JoQm u/]sf lyP .
sfo{ k qdfly p7fOPsf
;' e mfj;lxtsf l6Kk0fLdflysf]
JofVof;lxt k|i6 kfg]{ sfd g]skfsf
lklaPd Pjd sfo{qmdsf k|dv ' jQmf
;'jf; ;Ln] u/]sf lyP .
pQm cGt/lqmof sfo{ q mdsf]
cWoIftf g]skf klZrd bfªsf ;]qm]6/L
lgd{n ;Ln] u/]sf lyP eg] ;xhLs/0f
g]skf t'n;Lk'/ gu/ sld6Lsf OGrfh{
e'jg ;Ln] / :jfut dGtJo g]skf
klZrd bfª lhNnf sld6L ;b:o dgf]h
;Ln] u/]sf lyP .
…dfS;{jfbL cWoog dG8nÚ u7g u/]sf]
pNn]v ug'e { Psf] 5 . h'g cWoog
d08ndf lxSdtl;+x e08f/L, k|ofunfn,
zdz]/ rfFb / 8f= s]z/h+u /fodfemL
;b:o /xg'ePsf] lyof] . g]skfsf]
:yfkgf ubf{ k'iknfnsf cltl/Qm
;+:yfks ;b:odf df]tLb]jL >]i7,
lg/~hguf] l jGb a} B , g/axfb' /
sdf{rfo{ / gf/fo0fljnf; hf]zL /xg'
ePsf] lyof] . Tolta]nf k'iknfnn]
sf7df8f} F a f6 snsQf k' u ] s f
g]jf/x?nfO{ dfq ;d]6/] kf6L{ vf]ns ] f]
eGg] cfjfh klg p7]s} xf] . a}zfv
!) ut] kf6L{ vf]n] klg o;nfO{ uf]Kog}
/flvPsf] lyof] / ;f]xL ;fnsf] ebf}
#) ut] g]skf :yfkgfsf] cf}krfl/s
hfgsf/L aflx/ NofOPsf] elgG5 .
Tolta]nf kf6L{ :yfkgfsf] hfgsf/L lbFbf
o;cl3sf kfFrhgf ;+:yfksdWo]
k'iknfnafx]s c? sf]xL lyPgg\ . ;f]
lbg k'iknfn;Fu 3f]lift s]lGb|o ;ldltdf
dgdf]xg clwsf/L, t'n;Lnfn cdfTo,
z}nG] b|sd' f/ pkfWofo, 8LkL clwsf/L
/ efO;fx]a elgg] cof]Wof l;+x
x'g'x'GYof] . cof]Wof l;+x efskfsf
k|ltlglw x'gx' G' Yof] .
@))* ;fnsf] c;f]hdf g]skfsf]
klxnf] ;Dd]ng snsQfdf x'bF f;Dd
g]skfsf] ljwfgg} lyPg . @))*
;fnb]lv g} g]skfsf /fhtGq /
u0ftGqsfaf/]df kf6L{leq} ;+3if{ z'?
ePsf] lyof] . ;+:yfks dxf;lrj
k'iknfn cfkm}n F ] @))* ;fnsf] k|yd
;Dd]ng kl5af6} kf6L{df ;+zf]wgjfbsf]
k|jz ] ePsf] cfkm\gf /rgfx?df pNn]v
ug'{ePsf] kfOG5 . @)!) ;fndf
kf6gdf e"ldut?kdf ePsf] klxnf]
pgLx? zq' zlQmdf kl/0ft eP eg]
Tof]eGbf vt/fsf] s'/f c? s]xL klg
x'g ;Sb}g . h;n] g]kfndf /x]sf
sDo'lgi6nfO{ g} ;d:of agfpF5 .
s'g} g s'g} ;dodf sDo'lgi6x?
Ps eP/ sfd ug}k{ g]{ x'G5 . &)
k|ltzteGbf a9L sDo'lgi6x? /x]sf]
d'ns ' g]kfndf pgLx?s} aLrdf Pstf
gx'g' ljZjs} nflu b'vb\ va/ xf] .
To;}n] sDo'lgi6 kf6L{x?sf aLrdf
/x]sf ljjfbx?nfO{ xn ug'{ ;a}sf
nflu afWotf klg /x]sf] 5 . sDo'lgi6
kf6L{sf af/]df hgdfg;df ;w}F e|dsf]
cj:yf /x\of] eg] To;n] ;+;bLo
lgjf{rgdf efu lnPsf / glnPsf
b'ay} /LnfO{ xfgL u5{ . of] s'/fnfO{
cl:yTjdf /x]sf ;a} sDo'lgi6 kf6L{n]
:jLsf/ u/]/ To;sf] ;dfwfg s;/L
ug]÷{ u/fpg] eGg] pkfosf] vf]hLdf
nfUg'kb{5 . h;sf nflu tTsfn
cToGt nlrnf] vfnsf] sDo'lgi6 Pstf
d~rsf] :yfkgf x'gk' b{5 . ;f] d~rn]
g]kfnsf sDo'lgi6 kf6L{x?sf aLrdf
/x]sf ljjfb / d]nsf s'/fx?sf] cWoog
cg';Gwfg u/]/ ljjfbsf s'/fx?nfO{
qmdzM Go'gLs/0f ub}{ nfg] ;"qx?sf]
ljsf; ug'{ cfjZos 5 . sd;]sd
jif{df b'O–{ rf/ k6s dfq} eP klg ;a}
sDo'lgi6 kf6L{x?sf aLrdf ;femf
sfo{qmdx? x'g ;s] eg] o;n] r'gfjdf
efu lng] / glng] b'ay} /LnfO{ kmfObf
ub{5 . Tof]eGbf klg a[xt\ jfd Pstfn]
g] k fnsf zf] l ift kLl8tsf ;fy}
cfdg]kfnL hgtfnfO{ kmfObf x'G5 .
ljb]zL x:tIf]k sd ug{ ;lsG5 . To;}n]
jfd Pstfsf] cleofgnfO{ gofF 9+un]
p7fg\ ug'{ h?/L b]lvPsf] 5 .
 @)*) ;fn kmfu'g @) ut] cfOtaf/ 3

qmflGt u/, pTkfbg a9fpm

b] z nfO{ cfTdlge{ / agfpg
rLgdf sd/]8 dfcf]n] æqmflGt ;dfp,
pleg / s;} s f] e/–e/f] ; fleq
afFRg'kg]{ afWotfaf6 pGd'Qm ub{5 .
cyf{t ;dfgtfsf nflu ljb|fx] ug{k} g]{
x'G5 . tL s'/fx¿nfO{ dWogh/ ub}{
xf] . g]kfnL sDo'lg:6 cfGbf]ngdf of]
æpwf/f] qmflGtÆsf] /fhgLltn]
slxn] x'g] xf]nf Û of] cfhsf] sDo'lg:6
g]tfx¿sf] cufl8sf] r'gf}lt xf] .
cy{Joj:yf, cfly{s Joj:yfkg xf] .
sfn{ dfS;{sf] b]g ;dfhjfb xf] eg]
pTkfbg a9fpÆ (Graps bf];|f] s'/f æqmflGtnfO{ ;dfpg]Æ cfh xfd|f] g]tT[ jn] clxn]bl] v ljrf/, sDo'lg:6 cfGbf]ngnfO{ x}/fg agfPsf] g]kfndf sDo'lg:6 ;dy{s hgtf ;dfhsf] ;f/ æk'FhLÆ xf], hf] dfgj
revolution, Promotion the s'/f hf] 5, of] klg Hofb} dxTjk"0f{ l;4fGt / Jojxf/df h'g k|of]u ug{ 5 . æef]ln u/f}+nfÆ eGg] l;4fGt / z'elrGts ax';+Vofdf eP/ klg ;dfhsf] j}1flgs cy{Joj:yfsf]
production) eGg] gLlt nfu" 5 . lsgls qmflGt ;DkGg x'g] lalQs} vf] H g' e Psf] 5, To;sf] dd{ / æpwf/f] l;4fGtÆ xf] . 7Ls o;sf] sDo'lg:6 g]tfx¿ b; lbzflt/ kms]/{ s'~hL xf] .
pN6f] PsLs[t hgqmflGt gubdf a;]sf 5g\ . tL b; lbzf ;dft]/ dfG5]nfO{ cGo k|f0fLx¿eGbf
;Gtf]if ;L sf/f]af/ ul/g] l;4fGt xf] cyf{t of]
h8;"q xf]Og .
a;]sf g]tfx¿nfO{ Ps 7fpFdf Nofpg]
s'/f w]/} sl7g 5Ù t/ ug'{k5{ / ug{
km/s agfpg] klxnf] tTj p;sf]
r]tgf xf] t/ p;sf] r]tgfnfO{
;do, >d / pTkfbgsf] k|;ª\unfO{ cfhsf] ;d;fdlos g] s kfsf dxf;lrj sd/] 8 ;lsG5 . ;+:sf/ tf]8g\ ] s'/f rfgr'g] lg/Gt/ ljsf; / j}1flgs agfpg]
ljKnjn] æ;do / >dÆnfO{ PsLs[t 5}g . Tolts} k'/fgf k':tfn] cfˆgf] sfd p;sf] >dn] dfq ;+ej eof] .
/fhgLlt;Fu hf]8/] x]/f},+ pbfx/0fsf nflu ;dfhjfbL df]rf{s} hgqmflGtsf] d'6s ' f] ?kdf lng'ePsf] ;+:sf/ / cfbtsf] ;Qf 5fl8lbg dfG5]nfO{ ljsf;sf] gofF gofF prfO{df
s'/f u/f}+ . clxn]sf] ;dfhjfbL df]rf{sf] cf}lrTosf] s'/f @ 5 . h;n] ;do / >dsf] dxTjnfO{ klg ;+ej 5}g . of] cGt/;ª\3if{ / k'¥ofpg] tTj p;sf] >d xf] . r]tgf
jif{kl5, % jif{, !)÷@) jif{kl5 a'em]/ s] sfd nfUof] / < a'‰b}g, p;n] qmflGtnfO{ klg a'‰b}g . lg/Gt/ ;ª\3if{af6 dfq ;+ej 5 . / >dsf] of]udf dfq dflg; dflg;
ga'‰g]n] s;/L qmflGt ug{;S5 < gofF ug{ vf]Hbf cg]s cj/f]w, ljljw aGof] . r]tgf 5, >d 5}g eg]
a'‰b} ga'‰g]sf] t emg sfd} nfu]g . cfhsf] s'/f lxh} ;do u'hk]| l5 a'‰g'sf] s'g} cy{ x'bF g} . cf/f]k / cfkt–ljktx¿ cfpg'nfO{ r]tgfsf] klg d[To' x'G5 . >dsf] csf]{
a'‰g' k5{, ef]lnsf] s'/f cfh} a'‰g'k5{, of] kf] cu|ufdL of] af]wf]kgf xf] . ;do u'h|]kl5 hlt cGoyf a'‰g' x'bF g} / cflQg' x'bF g} . of] gfd ;ª\3if{ xf] . ha >d z'? x'G5,
r]tgf xf] . g]tfn] a'‰g] / ;f]Rg] s'/f of] xf] . oyfl:yltdf kl/>d / b'Mv–si6 u/] klg Tof] ;+:sf/nfO{ gofF k':tfn] tf]8g\ } kg]5{ . ;ª\3if{ klg z'? x'G5 . ;ª\3if{ r]tgf
;f]Rg] jf a'‰g] g]tf qmflGtsf/L g]tf x'bF g} . pm hgtfeGbf cy{xLg / dxTjxLg x'G5 . æcfuf] oxfF k| ; ª\ u pTkfbgsf] 5 . / >d aLrsf] 3if{0f xf] . o;sf]
nfu]kl5 s'jf vGg'Æ s'g} cy{ 5}g . pTkfbgdf klg gofF k':tfn] k'/fgf] kl/0ffd / kl/df0f ;don] dfkg
kl5 x'G5 . hgtf hlxn] klg oyfl:yltdf x'G5 . hlt b'Mv u/] klg ;dodf ug'{sf] ;+:sf/ tf]8\g} kg]{5 . pTkfbg xfd|f ub{5 . To;}n] ;do, >d / ;ª\3if{
qmflGtsf/L g]tf hlxn] klg hgtfeGbf Ps sbd cufl8 cy{ x'G5 . Tolts} æ;dodf lx/f lktfkac:'vf{n] xhf/f}+ jif{b]lv ub}{ oL tLg Ps ljgf csf{sf] cl:tTj
x'gk' 5{ / hgtfnfO{ Ps sbd cufl8sf] kfOnfdf tflg/xg' kb{5 . gq hgtf oyfl:yltsf] kmf]gÆ{ eg]sf xf]Ogg\ . o;sf] cy{ xf] cfPsf 5g\, of] s'g} gf}nf] s'/f] xf]Og /xFb}g . dxf;lrjn] ;do / >dsf]
æ;do / >dÆ sf] ;dof]lrt k|of]u . eGg] klg :jefljs ?kdf cfpF5 . dxTjsf] af/]df gofF ljrf/ k|If]k0f
lzsf/ aGg k'Ub5g\ . oyfl:yltjfbL ;+;b\jfbLx¿n] kmfObf p7fpg k'Ub5g\ . slxn]sfxLF ;do / >dsf] plrt k| o f] u n] pTkfbgdf ægf}nf]kgÆ l;h{gf ug'k{ 5{ . ug'{ ePsf] 5 . o;df ;ª\3if{ klg
qmflGtsf/Lx¿n] cfˆgf] st{Jo e'Nbf hgtf k|ltudgsf] lzsf/ aGg k'us ] f] klg xfdL Oltxf;df g;f]lrPsf] kl/0ffd xft nfU5g\ . ægf}nf]kgÆ eGg'sf] cy{ pTkfbg;DaGwL hf]8\g' kb{5 . lsgls ;ª\3if{ ;do
k9\g kfpF5f}+ . To;af6 lzIff lnFb} /fhgLlt / cy{ ;DaGw, pTkfbg k4ltdf hlxn] klg Ps ;dosf] ;b'kof]u ug'{sf] cy{ xf] ;+:sf/, z}nL abNg' xf] . cfhsf] / >dsf] pkh jf kl/0ffd xf] . cyjf
sbd cufl8sf] sfo{qmd lbg ;Sg' g} qmflGtsf/Lx¿sf] bfloTj xf] . h] ubf{ klg lj/f]w, h] ;f]Rbf >dsf] k|of]u . cfjZostfdf …rfx] pTkfgdf xf]; of >d / ;ª\3if{ Ps csf{sf kof{ojfrL
;do / >d cnu / :jtGq j:t' pTkfbgdfÚ hgtfnfO{ gf}nf]kg lbg' x'g\ . ;ª\3if{ ug{ >d rflxG5, >d
klg lj/f]w / c;of]u, 7"n7"nf cf/f]kx¿ yf]kg'{ sDo'lg:6 cfGbf]ngsf] la8Dagf ag]sf] 5 . of] x'g\ t/ cleefHo klg 5g\ . ;donfO{ xf] . cfhsf] k' F h LjfbL o' u df ubf{ ;ª\3if{ k}bf x'G5 . ;ª\3if{
eg]sf] ;+;bjfbL ;+sL0f{tfjfb xf] . of] sDo'lg:6 cfGbf]ngsf] hL0f{ /f]u ag]sf] 5 . ha dfgj >d jf dfgj dl:tissf] æ>dÆnfO{ x]nf ug]{ dfG5] klg 5g\ / ;sf/fTds / gsf/fTds b'j} k|sl[ tsf]
k|of]uåf/f l8lh6n k|ljlwdf ?kfGt/0f ;Ddfg ug] { dfG5] klg 5g\ . x'G5 . ljkl/t jf ljhftLo tTj;Fu
ug'{eof] . of] rLgdf qmflGt ;DkGg ;a} rLh cfsfzaf6 v;]h:t} x'bF g} . /0fgLlts ;f]r g]kfnL qmflGtsf] nflu u/]/ pTkfbsTjsf] dfqf / u'0fnfO{ k'h
F LjfbLx¿ >dsf] d"No 6kSs l6k]/ gsf/fTds k|sl[ tsf] ;ª\3if{ x'G5 eg]
ePkl5sf] s'/f lyof] . g]kfndf qmflGtsf] cy{ ;fDojfbdf gk'Ubf;Dd lgs} pkof]uL / j}1flgs 5 . kl/0ffd / kl/df0fx¿df kl/0ft >ldsnfO{ x]nf u5{g\, l5Ml5M–b"/b"/ ;hftLo kIf;Fusf] ;ª\3if{ ;sf/fTds
sd/]8 ljKnjn] qmflGt ;DkGg gx'Fb} dfgj hfltn] cfk"mnfO{ pRrtd\ dfcf]n] p7fpg' ePsf] ;Gbe{ cln ub{5, ta ;do / >dsf] dfkg u5{g\ . p;sf] ;Ddfgsf] j:t' n'65 \ g\ k| s [ l tsf] x' G 5 . b' j } k| s [ l tsf
qmflGt ;kmn ug{ kf6L{, ;ª\u7g / dfgj ;Eotfdf k'¥ofpg] ;fwg xf] . k/sf] ljifo 5, lsgls xfdLn] cem} x'G5 . ;don] pTkfbgsf] dfqf / / p;nfO{ gfª\uf] kf/]/ x]nf u5{g\ . ;ª\3if{x¿sf] p2]Zo lglZrt kl/0ffd
g]tf–sfo{stf{x¿nfO{ cfTdlge{/tfsf o;nfO{ sd/]8 dfcf]n] ælg/Gt/ qmflGt ;DkGg ug{ afFsL 5 . qmflGt u' 0 fsf] dfkg ub{ 5 eg] >dn] o:tf] x] n f ug] { slyt æ;Eo k|flKt ug]{ x'G5 . ;sf/fTds cyf{t
nflu pTkfbgdf hf]8 lbg' ePsf] 5 . qmflGtÆ eGg'eof] . o;sf] cy{ xf] ;DkGg u/]kl5 ul/g] gf/f Tolta]ns } f] ;donfO{ ef}lts ?k k|bfg ub{5 / dfG5]Æx¿sf] c;Eo lrGtg, Jojxf/ ;hftLo ;ª\3if{sf] p2]Zo wgfTds
sd/]8 dxf;lrjn] æqmflGtsf nflu qmflGt ;DkGg ePkl5 klg qmflGtnfO{ cfjZostfdf u/f} + n f . dfcf] n ] d" N odf kl/0ft ub{ 5 . cyf{ t \ b]vf k/]sf] 5 . o;}n] ;dfhdf / wgfTdssf] of]ukmn wgfTds
cfTdlge{/ kf6L{, cfTdlge{/tfsf 5f]8g\ ' x'bF g} . qmflGtsf] ;a}eGbf ;"Id qmflGtk"j{ xfdLn] h:t} qmfltk"js { f] ;donfO{ >ddf ?kfGt/0f ul/of] eg] ju{e]b k}bf u/]sf] xf] . >dk|ltsf] cfpF5 of] /fd|f] s'/f eOxfNof] .
nflu pTkfbg, pTkfbgsf nflu ;do efu (DNA) u/]/ x]g]{ xf] eg] pTkfbg a9fpg] gf/f nfpg' k/]sf] o;n] ef}lts ?k lnG5 / o;n] x]nf dfgj ;Eoftfdflysf] x]nf xf] . gsf/l;tsf] ;ª\3if{ cyf{t ljhftLo
/ >dsf] ;dof]lrt pkof]uÆ sf] gLlt qmflGtsf] ;fgf] ;] n leq klg lyPg cyf{t Tof] a]nfsf] kl/l:ylt / dflg;n] g;f] r ] s f cfsl:ds >ldsx¿k|ltsf] x]nf ljsf; / gofF tTj;Fusf] ;ª\3if{ eg]sf] wgfTds /
cufl8 ;fg'{ ePsf] 5 . qmflGt ;DkGg k|ltqmflGtsf SjfG6dx¿ ;lqmo cfjZostfn] xf]nf, nfpg' ePg . t/ kl/jt{gx¿ NofpF5 . o;/L olb l;h{gfdflysf] xdnf xf], dfgj C0ffTdssf] 3if{0fsf] aLraf6 lg:sg]
ug{ pTkfbg a9fpg' k5{ . pTkfbg x'G5g\ . olb xfdLn] qmflGtsf/L xfdLnfO{ cfh} nufpg' kg]e{ of] . Pp6f pTkfbg If]qdf klg ;do / >dsf] ;dfh / ;Eoftfsf] ljsf; / kl/0ffd xf] . o;n] klg slxn] sfxL
cfTdlge{/tfsf nflu x'gk' 5{ / o;sf] SjfG6dx¿nfO{ lg/Gt/ ;lqmo / ;To s'/f s] xf] eg] cfˆgf] ;dosf ;d'lrt ;b'kof]u ug]{ eGg'sf] cy{ pGgltsf] cj/f]w xf] . of] ;+:sf/ ;sf/fTds kl/0ffd lnP/ cfpF5 t/
nflu >d / ;donfO{ ;dof]lrt ljsf; ug]{ k|lqmofnfO{ /f]Sof}+ eg] gf/fx¿ Tof] ;dosf ;+Zn]if0f x'g\ . 7Ls a]nfdf 7Ls7Ls lg0f{o lng' / klg tf]8\g'kg]{ 5 . slxn]sfxLF of] C0ffTds klg x'G5 .
9+ u n] k| o f] u ug' { k 5{ . of] g} lglZrt ?kdf / :jefj} n ] gf/fx¿ tLg yl/sf x'G5g\– Ps, plrt ;dodf plrt >dsf] k|of]u xf], >d xfd|f lktfk'vf{n] klg ub}{ o;nfO{ bz{gdf jf ju{;ª\3if{df Psn]
dfn]dfjfbsf] k|of]u / cfTd;ft\s/0f k|ltqmflGtsf SjfG6dx¿ ;lqmo tTsfnLs ;d;fdlos sfo{gLlts ug' { n ] pTkfbgsf] ;kmntf / cfP t/ lktfk' v f{ n ] ug' { e Psf] csf{nfO{ lgNg] k|lqmofsf] ?kdf
xf] . /fhgLlts qmflGt ;DkGg x'g]5g\ / x'G5g\ . ltgn] ;du| j:t' gf/f, bf];f| ,] ;fk]lIfs ?kn] /0fgLlt;Fu kl/0ffdsf] kl/df0fdf g;f]lrPsf] k/Dk/fut tl/sf / ;f]r–z}nLn] lnOG5 . of] klg ;sf/fTds p2]Zo
gx'bF f;Ddsf] nflu of] gLlt qmflGtsf] cyf{t qmflGtdf lbg] k|ltlqmof / hf]l8Psf /0fgLlts ;f/ af]s]sf pknlAw xft nfUg ;S5 . cfhsf] ;d:of xn gx'g] eof] . Tof] k| f lKtsf nflu ul/g] ;do /
;fwg xf] eg] qmflGt ;DkGg ePkl5 kl/0ffd k|ltqmflGtdf b]vf kb{5 . sfo{gLlts gf/fx¿ / t];f| ] /0fgLlts ;do, >d / pTkfbgsf] lxhf]sf] cj:yfdf k'u]s} lyof] t/ >daLrsf] 3if{0fs} kl/0ffd xf] . of]
of] :jfwLgtf / ;d[låsf nflu h?/L To;}n] qmflGtnfO{ lg/Gt/ ;~rfng gf/fx¿ . oL gf/fx¿ Ps b]zdf Ps k| ; ª\ u nfO{ cfhsf] ;d;fdlos cfh To;n] k'ug] . To;}n] pTkfbgdf kl/0ffd klg wgfTdsd} hf] l 8g
x'G5 . xfd|f] h:tf] bnfn k'FhLjfbL ul//xg' kb{5 . ;dodf nfu]sf x'G5g\ . ToxL gf/f /fhgLlt;Fu hf]8]/ x]/f}+, pbfx/0fsf gofFkg cfjZos ePsf] xf] . o;sf] cfpF5 . cyf{t /fhgLltdf wgfTds
cy{k|0ffnLsf] babaf ePsf] b]zdf ca k| Z g cfpF 5 qmflGtnfO{ csf]{ b]zdf klg s'g} j]nf cfjZos nflu ;dfhjfbL df]rf{s} s'/f u/f}+ . cy{ lktfk'vf{n] u/]sf] k'/fgf] tl/sfsf] / C0ffTdssf] kl/0ffd wgfTds x'g
t bnfn k'FhLjfbL cy{k|0ffnLnfO{ pTkfbg;Fu hf]8g\ ] ljifo . qmflGtnfO{ / ;fdlos x'g ;S5 t/ Ps} ;dodf clxn] s f] ;dfhjfbL df] r f{ s f] lj/f]w / lgif]w xf]Og, o;sf] cj/f]wsf] cfpF5 . ha ls ul0ftzf:qdf o;sf]
tf]8\gsf nflu of] emg clgjfo{ s]Gb|ljGb'df /fv]/ ul/g] pTkfbg / / Pp6} kl/l:yltdf x'Fb}g . t/, cf}lrTosf] s'/f @ jif{kl5, % jif{, lgsf; / ljsf; xf] . 7Ls To:t} kl/0ffd 36fpm x'G5 .
cfjZostf aGg cfOk'u]sf] 5 . qmflGtnfO{ 5f]8]/ ul/g] pTkfbgsf] kl/l:ylt bf] x f] l /P/ cfPdf tL !)÷@) jif{kl5 a'em]/ s] sfd nfUof] qmflGtdf klg gofFkgsf] cfjZostf dflg;n] >d÷;ª\3if{ ub}{ cfpFbf
qmflGt ;DkGg eO;s]kl5sf] kl/0ffdn] /fHo;Qf jf dfgj gf/fx¿ klg bf]xf]l/P/ cfpg ;S5g\ . / < a'‰b} ga'‰g]sf] t emg sfd} v8\ l sPsf] h?/ xf] t/ k' / fgf yfx} gkfO{ p;n] cfk"mnfO{ of] 7fpFdf
cj:yfdf æqmflGt, pTkfbg / >dÆ ;dfhsf] leGbfleGb} :j?knfO{ k|s6 h:t} k~rfot sfndf nufPsf nfu]g . cfhsf] s'/f lxh} a'‰g' k5{, k':tfsf g]tfn] k'/fg} tl/sfn] ;f]Rg' NofOk'¥ofof] . z'?df d oxfF k'U5' eg]/
nfO{ cfTd;ft ug]{ k|Zg sd/]8 ub{5g\ . qmflGtnfO{ ;dft]/ ul/g] sltko gf/fx¿ g]kfndf ca slxNo} ef]lnsf] s'/f cfh} a'‰g'k5{, of] kf] / ug{ vf]Hg'nfO{ cGoyf t eGg ePg p;n] >d u/]sf] lyPg . p;n] afFRgsf]
dfcf] n ] h:t} l;ª\ u f] b] z nfO{ pTkfbgn] ;dfhnfO{ ultzLn t bf]xf]l/g] 5}gg\ t/ sltko gf/fx¿ cu|ufdL r]tgf xf] . g]tfn] a'‰g] / lsgls Tof] pgLx¿sf] ;Ldf lyof] . lglDt >d u¥of] . ;'/lIft x'gsf] lglDt
cfTdlge{/ / :jfwLg agfpg / agfpF5 g}, ;fy;fy} o;n] ;d[l4 / km]l/ bf]xf]l/g klg ;S5g\ . /fhtGq ;f]Rg] s'/f of] xf] . oyfl:yltdf ;f]Rg] Tof] klg Tof] a]nfsf] cj:yfdf 7Ls} >d u¥of] . kl5 lj:tf/} cfjZostf /
;dfhjfbnfO{ ;'b[9 / ;jn agfpg cfTdlge{/tf klg lbG5 t/ of] t d"bf{jfb ca bf]xf]l/g] 5}g t/ em'¶f jf a'‰g] g]tf qmflGtsf/L g]tf x'bF g} . lyof] t/ cfh To;n] klg cfhsf] r]tgfsf] ljsf;n] p;nfO{ k'h F L ;+ro
æqmflGtnfO{ ;dfpg] / pTkfbg k'h
F Ljfbdf klg x'G5 t/ d'Vo s'/f d'2f vf/]h u/, /fhaGbL l/xf u/ pm hgtfeGbf kl5 x'G5 . hgtf cfjZostf k"/f ug{ ;s]gg\ / o;n] ug{ l;sfof] . k'h F L ;~ro u/]kl5
a9fpg]Æ gLlt Psbd j:t'jfbL / o;n] ;dfhsf] ljsf; k|lqmofnfO{ h:tf gf/fx¿ bf]xf]l/Psf 5g\ . hlxn] klg oyfl:yltdf x' G 5 . ljsf;sf] dfu u¥of] . To;} n ] To;sf] /Iff / ;b'kof]usf lglDt yk
j}1flgs 5 . lsgls pTkfbg a9fpg] ljsf;sf] ;s/fTds lbzf k|bfg u5{ qmflGtsf] s'/f ubf{– qmflGtn] qmflGtsf/L g] t f hlxn] klg gf}nf]kgsf] cfjZostf k/]sf] xf] . t/ >d cfjZos aGg k'Uof] . To;sf] lglDt
s'/fn] b]z / b]zjf;L hgtfnfO{ / dfgj dfgjaLr /x]sf] lje]bsf zflGtsf] dfq s' / f ub} { g , hgtfeGbf Ps sbd cufl8 x'g'k5{ cfk"mn] klg gug]{ / gofF ug{ vf]Hg]nfO{ p;n] clj>fd ;dosf] ;b'kof]u ug{
cfTdlge{ / aGg d2t u5{ . vf8nx¿ ;Dofpg] sfd ub{ 5Ù cfjZostfdf ank| o f] u / / hgtfnfO{ Ps sbd cufl8sf] klg ug{ glbg] eg] s f] cfˆgf] yfNof] . o;}n] Psflt/ JolQmut
cfTdlge{/tfn] b]znfO{ :jfwLg / ju{e]bx¿ d]6fpFb} b]z, hgtf / ?kfGt/0fsf] k|lqmofnfO{ klg :jLsf/ kfOnfdf tflg/xg' kb{5 . gq hgtf c;kmntfsf] 9fs5f] k ug' { / :jfy{nfO{ hGd lbof] . To;n] ju{
:jfjnDag agfpF 5 / b] z jf;L dfgj ;dfhnfO{ j}1flgs r]tgf lbG5 ub{5 . n8fO{ / o'4 afWotfsf pkh oyfl:yltsf] lzsf/ aGg k'Ub5g\ . oyfl:yltaf6 aflx/ lg:sg g;Sg' hGdfof] . ju{n] ju{;Qf hGdfof] .
:jfjnDaL aG5g\ . To;f] gug]{ xf] / l;ª\uf] dfgj ;dfhnfO{ j}1flgs dfq x'g\ . a? qmflGt gofF l;h{gf / oyfl:yltjfbL ;+;b\jfbLx¿n] kmfObf xf] / hfgcGhfgdf k|ltudg / ju{;Qfn] km]l/ ju{;ª\3if{ lgDTofof] .
eg] b]z duGt] aG5 / b]zaf;L u/Lj / ;';Eo dfgj ;dfhdf k'¥ofpF5 . cfTdlge{/tfsf] l;4fGt klg xf] . p7fpg k' U b5g\ . slxn] s fxLF k| l tqmflGtsf] k' R 5/ ;dfpg' g} ju{;ª\3if{sf] r]tgfn] ju{;ª\3if{s}
/ levf/L aGb} k'FhLjfbLx¿sf ;fd' o;n] ;du| ;Qfdf kfg]{ k|efjsf] qmflGt ;' F 8 ] g L dfq xf] . gofF qmflGtsf/Lx¿n] cfˆgf] st{Jo e'Nbf x'ghfG5 . o;sf] lglDt qmflGtdf cGTosf] vf]hL u¥of] . vf]hLaf6 Pp6f
bnfnL / cfTd;dk{0f ug]{ lgl/x kl/0ffd ;dfhjfbdf b]vfk5{ . 7Ls l;h{gflagfsf] k'/fgf], h8\;"qLo hgtf k|ltudgsf] lzsf/ aGg k'us ] f] gofFkg gNofP/ qmflGt ;+ej 5}g dfgjtfjfbL, ;dtfjfbL ;dfhsf]
gful/s aGg k'U5g\ . pgLx¿n] o;sf] pN6f], ljgf qmflGtsf/L p2]Zo l;4fGtaf6 qmflGt x'bF g} . h8\;q" Ps klg xfdL Oltxf;df k9\g kfpF5f}+ . cyf{t\ ju{;ª\3if{ / pTkfbg ;ª\3if{nfO{ kl/sNkgf ul/of] . of] kl/sNkgfsf]
g]kfnLn] h:t} afFRgsf nflu cfˆgf] ul/g] pTkfbg Tof] a]nufdsf] x'G5 / lsl;dn] gk'ª\;s l;4fGt xf] h;n] To;af6 lzIff lnFb} /fhgLlt / cy{ PsLs[t gul/sg qmflGt ;+ej 5}g, 3if{0faf6 ju{;ª\3if{df k|of]u eof] /
>d / z/L/ a]Rg afWo x'G5g\ . b]zsf To;n] ;Lldt JolQmx¿nfO{ wgL gofFsf] hGd lbg t ;Sb}g g} x'g ;DaGw, pTkfbg k4ltdf hlxn] klg oyfl:yltjfbL /fhgLlt / o;n] cg]sf}+ j}rfl/s / ;fdflhs
zf;sx¿ cfTd;dk{0f, bnfnL / agfpF5 / w]/} dfG5]x¿nfO{ ul/jLsf] klg lbFb}g . /fhgLlts efiffdf Ps sbd cufl8sf] sfo{qmd lbg ;f]rlrGtgn] qmflGtnfO{ oyfl:yltsf] ;ª\3if{sf] aLraf6 j}1flgs ljrf/nfO{
rfs8Ldf nfu]/ ;fd|fHojfb / bnfn /]vfd'gL ws]N5 . o;n] b]zsf] g]tT[ j o;nfO{ oyfl:yltjfb elgG5 h;n] ;Sg' g} qmflGtsf/Lx¿sf] bfloTj xf] . lzsf/ agfpF5 . To;}n] qmflGtsf] hGd lbof] . ToxL j}1flgs ljrf/n]
k' F h Lkltx¿;F u lev dfUbfdfUb} ug{ k'Uof] eg] b]z ;Lldt JolQmx¿sf] gofFnfO{ t :jLsfb}{g g} a? o;n] h] ubf{ klg lj/f]w, h] ;f]Rbf klg csf]{ gfd pTkfbg xf] . pTkfbgsf] cGttM Tof] dflg;n] sNkgf u/]sf]
pgLx¿n] b] z nfO{ ;fd| f HofjfbL cy{gLltsf] kl/lwleq s}b x'gk'U5 . cl:tTjsf] lglDt k|ltufdL af6f] lj/f]w / c;of]u, 7"n7"nf cf/f]kx¿ csf]{ gfd cfTdlge{/ cy{Joj:yf xf] . dfgjtfdf cfwfl/t ;dtfjfbL
b] z x¿sf] pklgj] z , s7\ k ' t nL o;n] b]vfj6L ?kdf t b]z wgL :jLsfg{ tof/ x' G 5 . o:t} yf]kg'{ sDo'lg:6 cfGbf]ngsf] la8Dagf To;}n] cfTdlge{/ cy{Joj:yfsf] csf]{ ;dfhsf] j}1flgs Joj:yf kQf nufof] .
agfPsf] kQ} kfpFbg} g\ / of] aGg'kg]{ ePh:t} b]lvG5, t/ ToxfFsf hgtfsf] cfTdlge{/tf lagfsf] qmflGtsf] klg ag]sf] 5 . of] eg]sf] ;+;bjfbL gfd ;dfhjfb jf j}1flgs ;dfhjfb ToxL Joj:yf g} j}1flgs ;dfhjfb
afWotf cfOnfU5 . To;} n ] 7" n f] lx:;f ul/j / >ldsdf sNkgf ug{ ;lsFb}g . qmflGt u/]/ ;+sL0f{tfjfb xf] . of] sDo'lg:6 xf] . ;dfhjfbnfO{ s]jn /fhgLlts lyof] . olt ;fdflhs k|lqmof kf/ ug{
cfTdlge{ / tfsf nflu pTkfbg ablnPsf x'G5g\ . To;n] Ps lbg dfq ef]ln cfTdlge{/ aGg] eGg] cfGbf]ngsf] hL0f{ /f]u ag]sf] 5 . Joj:yfsf] ?kdf dfq a' ‰ g' dflg;nfO{ aL;f}+ nfv jif{ nfUof] . o;}sf
a9fpg] s'/f ljNs'n ;xL 5 . h;n] km]l/ ljb|fx] sf] dfu ub{5 / tL >lds lrGtg, l;4fGt æpwf/f] qmflGtsf] xf]Og oL cfh;Ddsf g]tfx¿df /fhgLltnfO{ ;xL 9+un] ga'‰g' xf] . nflu cfh j}1flgs ;dfhjfbdf k'Ug
d'n's / hgtfnfO{ cfˆgf] v'§fdf ju{sf] 7"nf] lx:;fn] Ps lbg ;dfhjfb l;4fGtÆ xf] . of] kmut ukm dfq ;sf/fTds ;f]r / ;+:sf/sf] ljsf; jf:tjdf ;dfhjfbsf] ;f/ j}1flgs -af“sL ^ k]hdf_
 4 @)*) ;fn kmfu'g @) ut] cfOtaf/
;fj{hlgs C0f e'QmfgLsf nflu dfq} Ps va{ cfjZos Û
sf7df8f}F . cfufdL cfly{s jif{sf
nflu ;fj{hlgs C0f e'QmfgLsf nflu
dfq} ! va{ ?k}ofF 5'6o\ fpg'kg]{ cy{dGqL
8f= k|sfzz/0f dxtn] atfPsf 5g\ .
ut;f]daf/ cfufdL cfly{s jif{sf]
ah]6sf] l;4fGt tyf k|fyldstf ;+;ßf
k|:t't ub}{ cy{dGqL dxtn] ;fj{hlgs
C0fsf] ef/ a9\b} hfFbf Ps va{
5'6o\ fpg'kg]{ cj:yf cfPsf] atfP .
;fdflhs ;'/Iff sf]ifdf l;lh{t bfloTj
a9\b} hfg' ;/sf/sf nflu r'gf}tLk"0f{
/x]sf] pgn] atfP .
xfn /fh:j ;+sng nIocg';f/
geP klg ut jif{sf] t'ngfdf sl/a
!) k|ltzt a9]sf] / cfufdL lbgdf
yk a9\g] pgn] hfgsf/L lbP . ljQLo
If]qsf] ;xsf/L tyf n3'ljQx?df
;d:of b] l vPsf] pgn] atfP .
;fj{hlgs vr{nfO{ ldtJooL / /fli6«o
k|fyldstfsf If]qdf kl/rfng ug{
cfjZos /x]sf] pgn] hfgsf/L lbP .
yk cfof]hgf tyf b/aGbLn] vr{
Joj:yfkg r'gf}tLk"0f{ ag]sf] / ;lqmo
hgzlQm knfogsf] ;d:of /x]sf]
cy{dGqL dxtsf] egfO{ 5 .
cfpFbf] ah]6df pTkfbg j[l4,
/f]huf/sf] l;h{gf ug]u{ /L cy{tGqnfO{
lbzf lgb]z { g ug{k' g]{ pgn] pNn]v
u/] s f 5g\ . k" F h Lut vr{ s f]
k|efjsfl/tf j[l4 ug{ ul/Psf] kxn,
df}lb|s / ljQLo gLltaLrsf] tfbDotf
ldnfpg ul/Psf] kxnn] cy{tGq ;xh
ePsf] pgsf egfO{ 5 . Aofhb/ Psn
ljGb'df emg]{ qmd /x]sf], 3/hUuf
sf/f]af/ / k"hF Lahf/ ;'wf/f]Gd'v ePsf],
ljb]zL ljlgdo kof{Kttf, /fh:j
a[l4b/ !) k|ltzt h:tf sf/0fn]
b]zsf] cy{tGq ;'l„b} uPsf] pgn] ts{
u/] . t/, d'ns ' sf] cy{tGq nodf
kms{g yfn]klg afXo / cfGtl/s
sf/0fn] r'gf}tL d'Qm eg] gePsf] pgn]
;'gfP . k|ljlwdf cfPsf] kl/jt{gn]
/fh:j ;+sngdf r'gf}tL ylkPsf]
cy{dGqL dxtsf] egfO{ 5 . cy{dGqL
8f= k|sfzz/0f dxtn] ;+3Lo ;+;b
;dIf k|:t't u/]sf] ljlgof]hg ljw]os,
@)*! sf l;4fGt / k|fyldstfsf]
k"0f{kf7 o; k/f/ /x]sf] 5 –
…;DdfggLo ;efd'v dxf]bo,
;DdfggLo cWoIf dxf]bo,
g]kfn ;/sf/sf] rfn' cfly{s
jif{sf] gLlt tyf sfo{qmddf p7]sf
k| Z gx¿sf] hjfkm lbg] qmddf
;DdfggLo k|wfgdGqLHo"n] cfufdL
jif{bl] v ljlgof]hg ljw]ossf l;4fGt
/k| f yldstf Pjd\ ah] 6 tyf
sfo{ q mdsf af/] d f 5nkmn ug{
;Ddflgt ;bgnfO{ oy] i 6
;dopknAw u/fpg] k| l ta4tf
hgfpg' ePsf] lyof] . o;} cg'¿k
d}n] cfufdL cfly{s jif{sf] ah]6df
;Ddflgt ;bgsf] ckgTj ;'lglZrt
ug{ ah]6sf] sfo{tflnsfdf kl/jt{g
ug]{ ;+sNk cfly{s jif{ @)*)÷*!
sf] ah]6 jQmJodf u/]sf] lyPF . ;f]xL
cg'¿k ljBdfg sfg'gdf ;+zf]wg u/L
cfly{s jif{ @)*!÷*@ sf] ah]6 k]z
ug{ tLg dlxgf k"j{ g} g]kfn ;/sf/sf]
cy{dGqLsf] x}l;otn] ljlgof]hg
ljw]ossf l;4fGt / k|fyldstf
k|:t't ug{ o; ;Ddflgt ;bgdf
pkl:yt ePsf] 5' .
ljlgof]hg ljw]os, @)*! sf]
l;4fGt / k|fyldstf k|:t't ug{' cl3
jt{dfg cfly{s kl/j]zsf] ;+lIfKt
lrq0f ug]{ cg'dlt rfxG5' . nufgLsf]
cg'sn " jftfj/0f l;h{gf ug{ul/Psf]
k|lqmofut ;/nLs/0f, lghL If]q;Fusf]
lg/Gt/ ;+ j fb, k' F h Lut vr{ s f]
k|efjsfl/tf j[l4 ug{ ul/Psf] lg/Gt/
kxn, df}lb|s gLltdf kl5Nnf] ;do
ckgfOPsf] s]xL nrstf Pjd\ ljQ
gLlt / df} l b| s gLlt aLrdf
tfnd] n ug{ ul/Psf] k| o f;af6
cy{tGq qmdzM ;sf/fTds lbzftkm{
cl3 a9]sf] 5 . To;}u/L ljB't
pTkfbgdf / ko{6s cfudg ;+Vofdf
j[l4 x'gs ' f ;fy} ljb]zL nufgL a9\gn ' ]
cy{tGqdf ;sf/fTds of]ubfg k'us ] f]
5 . a}+lsË If]qtkm{ kof{Kt t/ntf,
Jofhb/Psn laGb' tkm{ emg]{ qmddf
/x]sf]tyflgIf]k / shf{ k|jfxdf qmdzM
j[l4 ePsf] 5 . 3/hUuf sf/f]jf/ /
k'FhL ahf/ ;'wf/f]Gd'v 5 . afXo
If]qtkm{ rfn' vftf / zf]wgfGt/
artsf] cj:yf / ljb]zL ljlgdosf]
kof{Kt ;+lrltn] cfly{s lqmofsnfksf
nflu cg'sn " jftfj/0f l;h{gf u/]sf]
5 . /fh:j ;+sng nIo cg'?k
gePklg j[l4b/ sl/a !) k|ltzt
/x]sf] / cfpg] lbgdf yk j[l4 x'g]
cg'dfg /x]sf] 5 . rfn' cfly{s jif{sf]
k|yd q}dfl;s cjlwdf cl3Nnf]
cfly{s jif{sf] t'ngfdfcfly{s j[l4b/
a9\g] cg'dfg ul/Psf] 5 .
d'n'ssf] cy{tGq nodf kmls{g
yfn] klg afXo / cfGtl/s ;d:ofsf
sf/0f r'gf}tLd'Qm eg] eO;s]sf] 5}g .
cf} B f] l us pTkfbg / ljQLo
If]qcGtu{t ;xsf/L tyf n3' ljQLo
;+ : yfdf ;d:of b] l vPsf 5g\ .
cfly{s lqmofsnfksf] ;+/rgf /
k|ljlwdf cfPsf] kl/jt{gsf sf/0f
/fh:j ;+sngdf r'gf}lt ylkPsf]
5 . ;fj{hlgs vr{nfO{ ljj]szLn /
ldtJooL 9+un] /fli6«o k|fyldstfsf
If]qdf kl/rfng ug{ yk ;'wf/sf]
cfjZostf 5 . ljutdf lnOPsf]
;fj{hlgs C0fsf] bfloTj e'QmfgL ug{
jif]g{ L 7"nf] /sd 5'6o\ fpg' kg]{ ePsf]
5 . cfufdL cfly{s jif{ yk Ps
va{ ¿k}ofFeGbf a9L/sd ;fj{hlgs
C0fsf] e'QmfgLdf ljlgof]hg ug{'kg]{
cj:yf 5 . o:t} ;fdflhs
;'/Iffnufotsf If]qdf bfloTj qmdzM
a9\b} uPsf] 5 . ?s'd / hfh/sf]6df
cfPsf] e"sDk kZrft vf; u/]/
c:yfoL cfjf; tyf k'glg{df{0fdf 7"nf]
;|f]tsf] cfjZostf /x]sf] 5 . ;|f]t
;xdlt lbOPsf] cfof]hgf tyf
sfo{qmddf b]lvPsf] Go"g ljlgof]hgsf
sf/0f ut jif{x¿df 7]Ssfaf6 l;lh{t
bfloTj e'QmfgL ug{' r'gf}tLk"0f{ ag]sf] 5 .
;/sf/sf] vr{tkm{ l;lh{t bfloTj
e'QmfgL tyf ;|f]t ;'lglZrt ePsf
cfof]hgfdf cfjZos ah]6 k|:tfj
gug]{ k|jl[ Q, cfof]hgf tyf sfo{qmddf
b]lvPsf] bf]xf]/f]kgf, lgwf{l/t ;dodf
cfof] h gf ;DkGg gx' g ] cj:yf,
cfof]hgf sfof{Gjogdf b]lvPsf
Joj:yfksLo sdhf]/L / j}b]lzs
;xfotfsf cfof]hgf Joj:yfkgdf
ckgTjsf] sdL x'bF f sfof{Gjog kIf
cem} sdhf]/ b]lvPsf] 5 . ;+slnt
/fh:jn] clgjfo{ bfloTj wfGg sl7g
eO/x]sf] cj:yfdf yk cfof]hgf tyf
sfo{qmd, ;+/rgfPjd\ b/aGbLsf
nflu ah] 6 dfun] ubf{ vr{
Joj:yfkg cem} r'gf}tLk"0f{ /x]sf] 5 .
d'ns' n] ef]Ub} cfPsf]Go"g pTkfbg
/ pTkfbsTj, pRr Jofkf/ 3f6f,
sdhf]/ lgof{t, cfly{s b[li6n] ;lqmo
pd]/ ;d"xsf] hgzlQm knfog h:tf
;d:of ;dfwfg ug{' k|fyldstfsf]
ljifo ePsf] 5 . pRr / lbuf] cfly{s
j[l4 xfl;n u/L pTkfbg j[l4;Fu}
/f]huf/Lsf cj;/ l;h{gf dfkm{t\
ul/aL Go" g Ls/0f ug] { , cfly{ s
c;dfgtf sd ub}{ ljQLo :yfloTj
sfod ug{ cy{tGqnfO{ lbzf lgb]{z
ug{' ckl/xfo{ 7fg]sf] 5' .
o; ;Gbe{df d'ns ' sf] cy{tGqnfO{
ljZj cy{tGqsf] ult;Fu} cl3 a9fpg]
/ cfwf/e"t cfjZostf k"/f ug{ sl7g
cj:yfdf /x]sf g]kfnL gful/sx¿sf]
hLjg:t/df ;'wf/sf dfu{ klxNofpg]
dxTjk"0f{ lhDd]jf/L lgjf{x ug]{ u/L
cfufdL jif{sf] ah]6 th{d' f ug{k' g]{
cfjZostf dx;'; u/]sf] 5' .
;DdfggLo ;efd'v dxf]bo,
;DdfggLo cWoIfdxf]bo,
ca d ljlgof]hg ljw]os, @)*!
sf l;4fGt k|:t't ug]{ cg'dlt rfxG5' .
cfufdL cfly{s jif{sf] ljlgof]hg
ljw]ossf l;4fGt / k|fyldstf to
ubf{ g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfgn] k|Tofe"t
u/]sf] df}lns xs, ;+ljwfgdf lglb{i6
/fHosf lgb]{zs l;4fGt, gLlt tyf
bfloTjnfO{ k|dv ' dfu{bz{gsf] ¿kdf
lnPsf] 5' . ;fy}, ;f]x|f}+ of]hgfdf
k|:tfj ul/Psf gLlt, @)@^ df
ljsf;zLn /fi6«df :t/f]Ggltsf nflu
lng'kg]{ /0fgLlt, ;g\ @)#) ;Dd
xfl;n ug{k' g]{ lbuf] ljsf; nIo tyf
lbuf]/ km/flsnf] cfly{s j[l4sf cfwf/
tof/ ug{'kg]{ ljifonfO{ dxTjk"0f{
;Gbe{sf] ?kdf lnPsf] 5' .
lbuf] Pjd\ ;dfj]zL cfly{s j[l4
M lbuf] Pjd\ ;dfj]zL cfly{s j[l4sf
nflu pmhf{, s[lif, ko{6gtyf ;"rgf
k|ljlw nufotsf cfly{s j[l4df pRr
of]ubfg lbg ;Sg] If]qsf nflu
cfjZos ;fj{hlgs k"jf{wf/ lgdf{0f
ug]{ u/L ;/sf/L ;|f]tsf] kl/rfng
ul/g] 5 . b] z leq} pTkfbg /
/f]huf/Lsf cj;/ a9fpg lghL
If]qsf] nufgLnfO{ ;xh jftfj/0f
agfpg] tyf ;fj{ h lgs vr{ s f]
k|efjsfl/tf j[l4 ug]{ tkm{ ah]6
pGd'v x'g]5 . cfGtl/s dfudf j[l4
ug]{ u/L ;fj{hlgs vr{ kl/rfng
ul/g]5 . ;LdfGts[t ju{ / k5fl8
k/]sf] If]qsf nflu nlIft sfo{qmd
;~rfng u/L pTkfbg / /f]huf/Ldf
kx'r
F k'¥ofOg]5 . cy{tGqsf afXo /
cfGtl/s ;"rsfÍx¿nfO{ k|efljt kfg]{
ljQ / df}lb|s gLltx¿nfO{ Ps}nodf
;an / ;'b9[ agfO{ ;dli6ut cfly{s
:yfloTj sfod ul/g]5 . ;/sf/sf]
cfDbfgL / vr{ aLr ;Gt'ng sfod
u/L ;fj{hlgs ljQnfO{ ;'b9[ / bafad'Qm
agfpg]tkm{ ah]6 pGd'v x'g5 ] . cfoft
k|lt:yfkg / lgof{t k|j4{g u/L Jofkf/
3f6f qmdzM 36fpFb} nlug]5 .
;fj{ h lgs ljQ ;Gt' n g /
ljlgof] h g s' z ntf clej[ l 4 M
;fj{ h lgs vr{ s f] ljlgof] h gdf
s'zntf j[l4 ul/g]5 . ;fj{hlgs
vr{nfO{ cf}lrTok"0f{ agfpg] u/L yk
k|fyldsLs/0f ug],{ k"j{ tof/L ePsf
cfof]hgfsf] dfq lgdf{0f sfo{ cl3
a9fpg] / k| f yldstf k| f Kt
cfof]hgfdf ;|ft] sf] cefj x'g glbg]
Joj:yf ul/g]5 . ;fj{hlgs vr{nfO{
u'0ffTds ?kdf a9fpFb} lghL nufgL
pTk|]l/t x'g]u/L kl/rfng ul/g]5 .
;fj{hlgs ;|ft] nfO{ ;]jf k|jfx, cfly{s
;fdflhs k"jf{wf/ ljsf; / dfgj
k'FhL lgdf{0fdf nufgL ul/g]5 .
j}b]lzs cg'bfg tyf ;x'lnotk"0f{
C0fnfO{ /fli6«o k|fyldstf / k|ltkmn
k|fKt x'g] If]qdf kl/rfng ul/g]5 .
lghL nufgL ;+s'lrt gx'g] u/L
;fj{hlgs C0f kl/rfng ul/g]5 .
hnjfo';Fu ;DalGwt sf]ifx¿sf]
kl/rfng ug{ ;DalGwt kIf;Fu jftf{
/ ;DjfbnfO{ 3gLe"t agfOg]5 .
ljQLo cg'zf;g ;'b9[ ug]{ gLltut
Joj:yf u/L ;+lrt sf]ifnfO{ ;xh
cj:yfdf sfod /flvg]5 .
;fdflhs If] q sf] ljsf; /
;fdflhs Gofo M ;+ljwfgsf] dd{
cg'¿k ;dtfd"ns ;dfh lgdf{0fsf
nflu ;| f ] t ;fwg / cj;/sf]
Gofof]lrt ljt/0f ul/g]5 . ;fdflhs
If]qdf nufgL / ;fwgsf] k'glj{t/0fsf
sfo{qmddf ;|f]tsf] pknAwtfsf
cfwf/df cfjZos /sd ljlgof]hg
ul/g]5 . lzIff / :jf:Yo If]qdf ;a}sf]
kx'Fr / u'0f:t/ ;'wf/ ug{ /sd
ljlgof] h g ul/g] 5 . nufgLsf]
k| l tkmnaf6 ;a} ju{ , ;d' b fo
nfeflGjt x'g] u/L cj;/sf] l;h{gf
/ ;dGoflos ljt/0f k|0ffnL ljsf;
ul/g]5 . /fHoaf6 k|bfg ul/g] ;a}
k|sf/sf cg'bfg / ;'ljwfx¿df
bf]xf]/f]kgf x6fO{ qmdzM nlIft ju{
s]lGb|t x'g] Joj:yf ldnfOg]5 .
lghL If]q/ nufgL k|j4{g M
pTkfbg, pTkfbsTj / cfly{s j[l4df
lghL If]qsf] g]t[TjbfoL e"ldsf
:yflkt ul/g]5 . ;Dat\ @)*!
a}zfvdf x'g] nufgL ;Dd]ngdfkm{t\
:jb]zL tyf ljb]zL nufgLstf{x¿nfO{
nufgL a9fpg cg's"n jftfj/0f
l;h{gf ug{ cfjZos gLltut, sfg'gL
tyf ;+:yfut ;'wf/ ul/g]5 .
;+3Lotf / ;'zf;g k|j4{g M
;+ljwfg adf]lhd k|bz ] tyf :yfgLo
txdf lhDd]jf/Lx¿ x:tfGt/0f ug{
cfjZos sfg" g th{ ' d fsf ;fy}
;+:yfut Joj:yf ul/g]5 . bIf,
kf/bzL{ Pjd\ pQ/bfoL ljQLo k|0ffnL
;Dj4{g ub}{ ljQLo ;+3LotfnfO{ yk
k|efjsf/L agfOg]5 . ;dfj]zL /
;Gt'lnt cfly{s ljsf;sf nflu
cfjZos gLltx¿ lgdf{0f ug{ k|bz ] pTkfbsTj clej[l4 ul/g]5 . ;+3, k|bz
/ :yfgLo tx;Fu yk ;dGjo /
;xsfo{ ul/g]5 . ;+3, k|bz ] / :yfgLo
txsf] vr{ ;+/rgfdf ldtJolotf,
;'zf;g / kf/blz{tfsf] dfWodaf6
vr{ s f] k| e fjsfl/tf ;' l glZrt
ul/g]5 . ;/sf/n] k|bfg ug]{ ;a}
k|sf/sf cg'bfg, cfof]hgf tyf
sfo{qmddf x'g] bf]xf]/f]kgf x6fpg k|bz ]
/ :yfgLotx;Fu cfjZos ;dGjo
ul/g]5 . ;fj{hlgs ;]jf k|jfxnfO{
;+3Lo zf;g k|0ffnLsf d"No / dfGotf
cg'¿k yk gful/sd}qL / ;/n
agfOg]5 . ;fj{hlgs ;]jfdf ;"rgf
k|ljlwsf] clwstd pkof]u ul/g]5 .
lbuf] ljsf; / hnjfo' kl/jt{g
M hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf ;jfnx¿nfO{
If] q ut gLlt / sfo{ q mddf
cfGtl/sLs/0f ul/g]5 . lbuf] ljsf;
nIo xfl;n ug{ ah] 6 s] l Gb| t
ul/g] 5 . cfly{ s ;fdflhs
ljsf;nfO{ lbuf] agfpg ljsf;
k| l qmofsf x/] s r/0fdf lbuf]
ljsf;sf] cjwf/0ffnfO{
cfGtl/sLs/0f ub}{ nlug]5 . xl/t
cy{tGqsf] ljsf; / k|j4{gsf nflu
gLltut, sfg'gL / ;+:yfut k|aGw
ul/g] 5 . hnjfo' kl/jt{ g af6
g]kfndfly k/]sf] k|lts"n k|efj
Go"gLs/0f ug{ Ifltk"lt{ lbg] ljifonfO{
clwsf/sf] ¿kdf :yflkt ug{
cGt/f{li6«o d~rdf k|efjsf/L 9+un]
k|:t't ul/g]5 . hnjfo' kl/jt{gaf6
g]kfnnfO{ k/]sf] k|efjnfO{ dWogh/
/fvL cg' s " n g / Go" g Ls/0fsf
sfo{ q mddf cGt/f{ l i6« o ljsf;
;xfotf kl/rfng ug{ kxn ul/g]5 .
;DdfggLo ;efd'v dxf]bo,
;DdfggLo cWoIf dxf]bo,
ca d ljlgof]hg ljw]os, @)*!
sf k|fyldstf k|:t't ug]{ cg'dlt rfxG5' .
hnljB't ljsf; M hnljB'tdf
cfGtl/s / jfXo nufgL k|j4{g u/L
pTkfbg j[l4 ul/g]5 . hnljB'tsf]
cfGtl/s vktdf j[l4 u/L d'ns ' df
xl/t cy{tGqsf] ljsf;ug{ hf]8
lbOg]5 . hnljB'tnfO{ cy{tGqsf]
dxTjk"0f{ d]¿b08sf] ?kdf ljsf; u/L
cfGtl/s cfjZostf k"lt{sf ;fy}
lgof{tdf hf]8 lbOg]5 . lgdf{0ffwLg ljB't
cfof]hgfx¿ / k|zf/0f nfOgsf] nfut
d"No a9\g glbg lgwf{l/t ;dodf g}
;DkGgug{ hf]8 lbOg]5 . lxpFb ofddf
x'g] pmhf{ cfk"lt{sf] sdL k'/f ug{ 7"nf
tyf hnfzoo'Qmcfof]hgfx¿sf]lgdf{0f
k|f/Deul/g]5 . ljB't ;]jfsf] kx'r F k|lqmofnfO{ ;/nLs/0f ul/g]5 . aGb
gk'us ] f] If]qdf ljB't ;]jf pknAw
u/fpg ;f}o{ pmhf{ / cGo gjLs/0fLo
pmhf{sf] ljsf;df hf]8 lbOg]5 .
cGt/b]zLo ljB't k|zf/0f nfOgsf]
lgdf{0f u/LljB'tlgof{tsf] nflu cfjZos
k"jf{wf/ tof/ ul/g]5 . lu|g xfO8«fh] gsf]
ljsf; / nufgLsf] ;DefJotf cWoog
cl3 a9fOg]5 .
s[ l ifsf] cfw' l gsLs/0f tyf
Joj;flosL/0f M s[ l if pkhdf
cfTdlge{/tf xfl;n ug{ cGg, kmnk"mn,
t/sf/L, b"w, c08f / df;'sf] pTkfbg,
e08f/0f, k|zf]wg Pjd\ ljt/0f k|0ffnLdf
;'wf/ ub}{ Joj;flosLs/0fdf hf]8
lbOg]5 . s[lifdf /x]sf] pRr pTkfbg
nfut sd ug{ Joj;foLs/0f /
cfw'lgs k|ljlw k|of]udf hf]8 lbOg]5 .
cfGtl/s pTkfbgnfO{ k|lt:kwL{ agfpg
;+/If0f / pTkfbg cfwfl/t cg'bfg
lbg] gLltnfO{ sfof{Gjog ul/g]5 .
/f;folgs dnsf] lbuf] cfk"lt{ Joj:yf
ldnfOg]5 . d'ns ' df g} /f;folgs dn
sf/vfgf vf]Ng] k|lqmofnfO{ cufl8
a9fOg]5 . k|fs[lts / k|fËfl/s dndf
cfwfl/t v]tLnfO{ k|fT] ;fxg ul/g]5 .
kxf8sf 6f/ / t/fO{ dw]zsf yk If]qdf
l;FrfO ;'ljwf lj:tf/ ug{ hf]8 lbOg]5 .
;x'lnotk"0f{ shf{, pGgt k|ljlwtyf
tflnd, l;FrfO{ ;'ljwf, dn aLpsf]
pknAwtf ;'lglZrt u/L s[lif pkhsf]
] zx/ :yfkgf ug]{ u/L zx/L k"jf{wf/
/ :yfgLo txsf] ;dGjodf s[lif pTkfbg,
ahf/Ls/0f / ljt/0f Joj:yf
ldnfOg]5 . hldgsf] rSnfaGbL tyf
afFemf] hldgsf] pkof]u u/L Jofj;flos
v]tLnfO{ k|fT] ;fxg ul/g]5 . s[lif If]qdf
;Lko'Qm hgzlQm / s[lif pBdLnfO{ u'?
ls;fgsf] ?kdf ljsf; u/L pBdL aGg
rfxg] o'jfnfO{ k|fT] ;fxg ul/g]5 . s[lif
ahf/ k| j 4{ g df hf] 8 lbOg] 5 .
pRrd"Noo'Qmu}/sfi7hGo
pTkfbgdfnufgLclej[l4ul/g]5 .
ko{6g ljsf; M u'0f:t/Lo ko{6g
k"jf{wf/ ljsf; u/L g]kfnnfO{ cfsif{s
ko{6g uGtJosf] ?kdf ljsf; ul/g]5 .
yk wfld{s, ;fF:s[lts Pjd\ dgf]/d
k|fs[lts tyf ko{6sLo uGtJosf]
klxrfg u/L k"jf{wf/ ljsf; ul/g]5 .
k|dv' ko{6sLo If]qdf ko{6g k"jf{wf/
ljsf; ug{s ' f] ;fy} ko{6g k"jf{wf/
lgdf{0fdf k|fT] ;fxg ul/g]5 . kf]v/f /
e}/xjf ljdfg:ynnfO{ k"0f{ Ifdtfdf
;~rfngdf Nofpg b] l vPsf
c8\rgx¿nfO{ x6fOg]5 . lghu9
ljdfg:ynsf] nufgL 9fFrf 6'u+ f] nufO{
lgdf{0f k|lqmof cufl8 a9fOg]5 . lghL
If]q;Fusf] ;xsfo{df ko{6g If]qsf nflu
cfjZos hgzlQm ljsf; tyf df}lns
snf, ;+ : s[ l t, ;Dkbf / /} y fg]
pTkfbgnfO{ ko{6g;Fu cfj4 ul/g]5 .
;"rgf k|ljlwsf] ljsf; M k|r/'
;Defjgf af]ss ] f] ;"rgf k|ljlw If]qdf
k"jf{wf/ ljsf;, ;x'lnot / k|fT] ;fxg
lbg] gLltnfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbOg]5 .
l8lh6n g]kfn k|md] js{nfO{ sfof{Gjog
ub}{ ;"rgf k|ljlw pBf]unfO{ ;ˆ6j]o/
/ ;]jf lgof{t tyf /f]huf/Lsf] cfwf/sf
?kdf ljsf; ul/g]5 . ;"rgf k|ljlwsf]
pkof]usf] dfWodaf6 ;]jf k|jfxnfO{
;/nLs/0f ul/g]5 . æOgf]e; ] g ;]G6/
/ :6f6{ ckÆsf]kj| 4{g / ljsf;df hf]8
lbO{g5 ] . l8lh6n e'QmfgL nufotsf
;]jf lj:tf/ ug{ ;fj{hlgs l8lh6n
k"jf{wf/ lgdf{0f tyf lj:tf/ ul/g]5 .
cf}Bf]lus ljsf; / lghL If]q k|j4{g
M lghL If]qnfO{ cfly{s ljsf;sf]
Ol~hgsf] ?kdf ljsf; ug{ cfjZos
gLltut k|aGw u/L cg'sn " jftfj/0f
agfOg]5 . pBf]u :yfkgf / ;~rfngdf
ljQLo kx'r F ;xh agfOg]5 . cf}Bf]lus
ljsf;df j}b]lzs nufgL k|j4{g
ul/g]5 . cf}Bf]lus If]qx¿ k"0f{ Ifdtfdf
;~rfng ug{ cfjZos ;xof]u, ;dGjo
/ ;xhLs/0f ul/g] 5 . pBf] u
;~rfngsf nflu cfjZos hUuf k|flKt
ePsf ;fj{hlgs ;+:yfgnfO{ lghL
If]qsf] ;xeflutfdf ;~rfng ug{ kxn
ul/g]5 . lghL If]q k|lt:kwL{ ePsf
If]qdf /x]sf ;fj{hlgs ;+:yfgsf] z]o/
laqmL jf Joj:yfkg s/f/sf] dfWodaf6
;fj{hlgs ;+:yfgsf] ljlgj]z ul/g]5 .
j}blzs /f]huf/LnfO{ ;'/lIft, dof{lbt
/ Jojl:yt agfpF b } ljk| ] i f0fsf]
cf}krfl/s cfk|jfx a9fpg yk
;/nLs[t ul/g]5 .
k"jf{wf/ ljsf; M /fli6«ouf}/jsf /
/0fgLlts dxTjsf cfof]hgfx¿df
b]lvPsf ;d:ofnfO{ ;dfwfg ul/g]5 .
sf7df08f}+ t/fO{ dw]z b|'t dfu{,
k"jk{ lZrd hf]8g\ ] nf]sdfu{ / pQ/
blIf0f hf]8g\ ] sf]l/8f]/ ;dodf g} lgdf{0f
;DkGg ug{ hf]8 lbOg]5 . ef}lts
k"jf{wf/sf cfof]hgfnfO{ ko{6g s]Gb|;uF
hf]8g\ ,] clws hg;+VofnfO{ nfe k'Ug],
gofF zx/ / pTkfbg s]Gb|nfO{ hf]8g\ ] /
6]jf k'Ug] u/L cl3 a9fOg]5 . lgdf{0ffwLg
cj:yfdf /x]sf cfof]hgfsf] ;+Vof g}
clws /x]sf]n] o:tf cw'/f cfof]hgfsf]
lgdf{0fdf ;|ft] ;'lglZrt u/]/ dfq gofF
cfof] h gf z' ¿ ul/g] 5 . k| d ' v
/fhdfu{x¿sf] lj:tf/, :t/f]Gglt tyf
lgoldt dd{t ;Def/ sfo{nfO{ u'0f:t/Lo
/ ;doa4 ¿kdf ;DkGg ul/g]5 .
;8s oftfoftnfO{ yk ;'/lIft / e/kbf]{
agfOg]5 . k|dv ' /fhdfu{x¿df gofF
ljsf; ul/g]5 . cJojl:yt zx/nfO{
Jojl:yt ug]{ / gofF 7fpFdf ;DefJo
a:tLnfO{ Jojl:yt zx/sf] ?kdf
ljsf; ul/g]5 . /0fgLlts dxTjsf
k"jf{wf/x¿ ;fj{hlgs lghL ;fem]bf/Ldf
lgdf{0f ug{ cfjZos sfg'gL tyf
;+:yfut Joj:yf ul/g]5 .
;fdflhs If] q sf] ljsf; M
cfdgful/snfO{ ;/n / ;xh ?kdf
cfwf/e" t :jf:Yo ;] j f pknAw
u/fOg]5 . ljlzi6Ls[t :jf:Yo;]jf k|bfg
ug{ nufgL clej[l4 ul/g]5 . aLdf
l;4fGtsf] cfjwf/0f cg'¿k :jf:Yo
aLdf sfo{qmd cl3 a9fOg]5 . u'0ffTds
:jf:Yo ;]jfdfkm{t\ a9LeGbf a9L
hg;+VofnfO{ :jf:Yo ;]jf k'¥ofOg]5 .
;fj{hlgs ljBfnox¿sf] z}lIfs
u'0f:t/ ;'wf/ ub}{ hLjgpkof]uL,
;Lko'Qm, /f]huf/d"ns lzIffdf hf]8
lbOg]5 . ljBfyL{ ;+Vofsf] cfwf/df
;fj{hlgs ljBfnox¿sf] k'gM gS;f+sg
u/L ljBfnox¿nfO{ ;'ljwf ;DkGg
agfOg]5 . k|fljlws / Jofj;flos wf/df
u'0f:t/Lo pRr lzIff k|bfg ug{ hf]8
lbOg]5 . pRr lzIffnfO{ cg';Gwfgdf
cfwfl/t agfpg hf]8 lbOg]5 .
cfwf/e"t / u'0f:t/Lo vfg]kfgL ;]jfdf
;a} gful/ssf] kx'r F :yflkt ul/g]5 .
-af“sL % k]hdf_
 @)*) ;fn kmfu'g @) ut] cfOtaf/
;j{xf/fju{sf] d'lQmsf zt{x?sf] l;4fGtnfO{ ;fDojfb eGb5g\ M k|m8] l/s P+uN;\
) ;fDojfb eg]sf] s] xf] <
;j{xf/fju{sf] d'lQmsf zt{x?sf]
l;4fGtnfO{ ;fDojfb eGb5g\ .
) ;j{xf/f ju{ eg]sf] s] xf] <
;j{xf/fju{ eg]sf] o:tf] ;fdflhs
ju{ xf] hf] s'g} k|sf/sf] k'h
F Laf6 k|fKt
x'g] gfkmfsf] cfwf/df afFr]sf] x'Fb}g .
cfˆgf] >d a] r ] / dfq p;n]
hLjgofkgsf ;fwgx? k|fKt ub{5 .
o; ju{sf] xif{ / lj:dft, hLjg /
d[To' ;f/f cl:tTj g} ahf/df x'g]
>dsf] dfudf lge{/ /xG5 . ;+If]kdf
eGg] xf] eg] ;j{ x f/fju{ cyjf
dhb""/x?sf] ju{ eg]sf] pGgfO;f}F
ztfAbLsf] >lds ju{ xf] .
) s] To;f] eo ;j{xf/fju{ ;b}j
cl:tTjdf lyPg <
;b}j lyPg . u/La / >lds
ju{x? ;w}F cl:tTjdf /lxcfPsf lyP
/ k|fozM >lds ju{x? g} u/La klg
x'g] ub{y] k/Gt' ev{/} atfOPsf] h:tf]
cj:yfdf afFr]sf o:tf u/Lax? /
o:tf dhb"/x? cyf{t ;j{xf/fx? ;w}F
cl:tTjdf lyPgg\ . o;/L ;b}j g}
k| l t:kwf{ klg k" 0 f{ t of :tGq /
cl;ldt lyPg .
) ;j{xf/fju{sf] hGd s;/L eof] <
;j{xf/fju{sf] hGd cf}Bf]lus
qmflGtsf] kl/0ffd:j?k eof] . o:tf]
qmflGt ut ztfAbLsf] pQ/f4{df
O+Nof08df ;DkGg ePsf] lyof] .
To;kl5 ;+;f/sf ;a} ;Eo d'ns ' x?df
of] qmflGt bf]xf]l/of] . jfik oGq, wfuf]
sfTg] sn, n'uf a'Gg] olGqs tfg /
cGo sof} + oGq pks/0fx?sf]
cfljisf/n] ubf{ of] cf}Bf]lus qmflGt
;DkGg ePsf] lyof] . oL d]l;gx?
Hofb} dxFuf x'Gy] t;y{ 7"N7"nf
k'FhLkltx?n] dfq ltgnfO{ lsGg
;Sby] . d]l;gx?n] To;a]nf;Dd
cl:yTjdf /x]sf ;Dk"0f{ pTkfbg
k4ltx?df x]/km]/ NofOlbP . /,
klxnfsf a9L dfqfdf lzNksnfdf
;d]t hdfpFb} nUof], o; If]qsf klg
7" N 7" n f k' F h Lkltx?n] ;fgfltgf
lzNksf/x?nfO{ a9L dfqfdf k]Nb}
nu] . /, o:tf 7"N7"nf lzNkzfnfx?
v8f ul/of] hxfF w] / } k| s f/sf
;fj{ h lgs=====
g]kfnL o'jfsf] lqms]6 nufotsf v]ndf
b]lvPsf] a9\bf] cle¿lrnfO{ dWogh/
/fvL k|lt:kwf{Tds Ifdtf clej[l4 ug{
;/sf/n] yk nufgL ug]5 { . v]ns'b
k"jf{wf/ ljsf;df hf]8 lbOg]5 .
;fdflhs Gofo M ;fdflhs ;'/Iff
/ ;+/If0f sfo{qmddf /x]sf] bf]xf]/f]kgf
x6fpFb} ;fdflhs ;'/Iff / ;+/If0fsf
sfo{qmd lbuf] / nlIft ju{df s]lGb|t
ul/g]5 . ;|ft] /;fwg Pjd\ cj;/df
;LdfGts[t ;d'bfo / ;d"xsf] kx'r F l;h{ g f x' g ] cfsl:ds bfloTj
clej[l4 ul/g]5 . n}lËs lje]b / dlxnf
lx+;f Go"gLs/0fsf sfo{qmdnfO{ yk
k|efjsf/L agfOg]5 . ckfËtf, juL{o,
hftLo, If]qLo, eflifs / n}lËs cfwf/df
x'g] lje]b / ;a} k|sf/sf 5'jf5't /
s'/Lltsf] cGTo ug{ hf]8 lbOg]5 .
pTkfbg / ljt/0fsf] plrt ;+of]hg
u/L cfo c;dfgtf sd ug]{ / ul/aL
lgjf/0f ug]{ sfo{qmdnfO{ k|fyldstf
lbOg]5 . e"ldsf] PsLs[t / l8lh6n
clen]vsf] cfwf/df ;]jfnfO{ ;xh /
vr{x?df lskmfot ug{ ;lsGYof] .
o;sf] ;fy;fy} lj:t[t ?kdf >d
ljefhg;d]t ug{ ;lsGYof] . o;sf]
kl/0ffd:j?k xfdL clxn] o;
l:ylt;Dd cfOk'us ] f 5f}+ ls ;Eo
d' n ' s x?df >dsf em08} ;a}
zfvfx?df sf/vfgfsf] pTkfbg k4lt
nfu" e};s]sf] 5 / k|foM oL ;a}
zfvfx?df lzNk / sf/vfgfx?sf]
7fpF j[xt pBf]un] lnO;s]sf] 5 .
o;sf] kl/0ffd :j?k klxn]sf] dWod
ju{ / vf; u/L ;fgfltgf
lzNksf/x? cem a9L aaf{ b
e}O/x]sf 5g\ . sfdbf/sf] klxn]sf]
l:ylt ljNs'n} ablnPsf] 5 / b'O{
gofF ju{x? b]vf kb}{ 5g\, h;n]
lj:tf/ lj:tf/ c? ;a}nfO{ lgln/x]sf
5g\ . tL x'g\–
!_ 7"N7"nf k'“hLkltx?sf] ju{
of] ju{ clxn] klg ;a} nflu geO
gx' g ] sRrf kbfy{ tyf
cf}hf/x?;d]tsf] em08} Ps dfq
dflns /x]sf] 5 . of] a'hj'{ fx?sf] ju{
xf] cyf{t k'FhLklt ju{ xf] .
@_ s]xL klg gx'g]x?sf] ju{
of] ju{ k'h
F Lkltx?nfO{ cfˆgf] >d
j]Rg ljjz 5 . o;sf] ;§fdf p;n]
hLjg wfGgsf nflu cTofjZos ;fwg
k|fKt ub{5 . of] ju{ dhb'/x?sf] ju{
cyjf ;j{xf/f ju{ xf] .
) s] s:tf cj:yfx?df k'lF hkltnfO{
;j{xf/fn] >d laqmL ub{5g\ <
d klg cGo dfnx? h:t} Pp6f
dfn xf] . >dsf] d"No klg ltg}
lgodx?åf/f lgwf{l/t x'G5 h;/L
h'g;'s} csf]{ j:t'sf] d"No tf]lsG5 .
j[xt pBf]usf] cflwkTo cyjf ;+oGq
k|lt:kwf{cGtu{t h] eg] klg Pp6}
s'/f xf] eGg] xfdL cufl8 b]Vg] 5f}–
;b}j g} j:t'sf] ;fnfvfnf d"No To;
j:t'sf]] pTkfbgdf nfUg] nfutsf]
a/fj/ x'G5 . t;y{ >dsf] d"No klg
>dsf] pTkfbgsf] nfut a/fa/ g}
x'G5 . clg >dsf] pTkfbgsf] nfut
rflxF hLjgofkgsf] lgldQ geO{ gx'g]
;fwgx?sf] vf; Tof] dfqf xf], h'g
dhb"/sf] nflu p;sf] sfo{If]dtf
hf]ufP/ /fVg / dhb"/ju{sf] cl:tTj
;/n agfOg]5 .
xl/t tyf pTyfgzLn ljsf; /
ljkb\ Joj:yfkg M hnjfo' kl/jt{gaf6
l;h{gf x'g] ljkb\ Go"gLs/0f ul/g]5 .
hnjfo' kl/jt{g cg'sn" gsf sfo{qmdx¿
;~rfng ul/g]5 . If]qut gLlt tyf
sfo{qmddf hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf] ljifonfO{
cfGtl/sLs/0f ul/g]5 . dfgjhGo /
k|fs[lts ljkb\af6 x'g] Iflt / hf]lvd
Go"g ug{ k"j{tof/Ldf ljz]if hf]8
lbOg]5 . hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf] k|efjn]
Joj:yfkgsf nflu gjLgtd j}slNks
ljQLo pks/0fsf] ljsf; ul/g]5 . lbuf]
jftfj/0f ;+/If0fsf sfo{qmd ;~rfng
ul/g] 5 . jghËnsf] ;+ / If0f /
Jofj;flos pkof]unfO{ k|j4{g ul/g]5 .
dfgj tyf jGohGt'dq} L ef}lts k"jf{wf/
ljsf; ul/g]5 .
hg;f+lVos nfesf] pkof]u /
o'jfzlQmsf] kl/rfng M o'jf nlIft
pBdzLntf ljsf; / cfGtl/s
/f]huf/L l;h{gf ub}{ o'jfx¿ sfdsf
sfod /fVg cfjZos x'G5 . o;
p2] Z osf] lglDt hlt rflxG5
To;eGbf a9L dhb"/n] kfpFb}g .
To;}n] ubf{ >dsf] d"No cyjf Hofnf
Hofb} g} yf]/} x'G5 . / To;df Go'gtd
;fwgsf] a/fa/ x'g hfg]5 h'g hLjg
wfGgsf] lglDt cTofjZos g} x'G5 .
sf/f]jf/df slxNo} kmfObf x'G5 slxn]
gf]S;fg kb{5 . t;y{ dhb"/n] klg
slxNo} w}/} t slxn] yf]/} Hofnf
kfFp5 . 7Ls To;/L g} sf/vfgfsf]
dflnsn] klg cfˆgf] j:t'sf] lgldQ
slxn] a9L t slxn] sd /sd
kfFp5 . olb gfkmf / gf]S;fgsf] ;/b/
lx;fa ug]{ xf] eg] h;/L sf/vfgfsf]
dflnsn] cfˆgf] j:t'sf] lgldQ
pTkfbgsf] nfuteGbf sd of a];L
kfpFbg} , 7Ls To;/L g} dhb"/n] klg
;fnfvfnf To; Go"gtd :t/eGbf sd
of a];L kfpFb}g . hlt al9 dfqfdf
j[xt pBf]un] >dsf ;a} zfvfx?df
nflu ljb]lzg' kg]{ kl/l:yltnfO{ sd
ub}{ nlug]5 . o'jfx¿nfO{ Joj;flos
;Lk Pjd\ k|fljlws lzIff k|bfg u/L
;Lko'Qm agfOg]5 . v]ns'b k|ltof]lutf
;~rfng / v]nf8Lsf] Ifdtf ljsf;df
hf]8 lbOg]5 . ;fj{hlgs / lghL If]qdf
o'jf hgzlQmsf] Ifdtf pkof]u ug{
OG6g{l;k sfo{qmd ;~rfng ul/g]5 .
ljQLo If]q ;'b9[ Ls/0f M ljQLo
If]qsf] lgodg / ;'kl/j]If0f yk
k|efjsf/L agfO{ :j:y, k|lt:kwL{ /
e/kbf]{ ljQLo If]q ljsf; ul/g]5 .
a}s
+ tyf ljQLo ;+:yf, n3' ljQ, aLdf
/ k'FhLahf/sf lgofds lgsfosf]
Joj;flostf j[l4 ug{s ' f ;fy} kf/blz{tf
/ hjfkmb]lxtf ;'b9[ agfOg]5 . ;xsf/L
If]qsf] lgodgsf nflu cfjZos sfg'gL
/ ;+:yfut Joj:yf ldnfOg]5 . n3'
ljQ / ;xsf/Ldf artstf{sf] nufgL
;'/Iffsf] Joj:yf ldnfOg]5 .
sfg'gL zf;g / zflGt ;'/Iff M
;+ljwfgsf] sfof{Gjogdfkm{t\ sfg'gL
zf;gsf] k|j4{g tyf zflGt ;'/Iffsf]
lgoGq0f hdfpFb} nUg] 5, Tolt g}
s8fO{sf ;fy Hofnfsf] of] cfly{s
lgod klg nfu" x'Fb} hfg] 5 .
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aGb} uPsf] 5 . To;sf/0f pgLx?sf]
cfjfhnfO{ a' n Gb kfg{ s f nflu
;u/dfyf cf/f]x0f ug{ nfu]sL x'F .Ú
l5l/ªn] kf;fª Nxfd'
kmfp08] ; gaf6 cf/f] x 0f;DaGwL
tflnd lnPsL x' g \ . P6\ s ]
PlS;lkl8;g cf/f]xL bnaf6 pgn]
…dfO EjfO; km/ z]kf{ SnfODa;{Ú
gf/f;lxt ;u/dfyf cf/f]x0f ug{
nfu]sL x'g\ .
bh{g Do'lhs lel8of]df ;d]t
clego ul/;s] s L l5l/ª z] k f{
;d'bfosL klxnf] cleg]qL klg x'g\ .
z]kf{ lkmNd …ltG5]g kmfdfÚdf clego
u/]sL pgn] lkmNd …sf;f{ªÚdfkm{t\ g]kfnL
/htk6df 8]Ao' ub}l{ 5g\ . 6]lnlehg
l/ofln6L zf] …8flG;ª :6f/ g]kfn l;hg
@Ú sf] ljh]tf;d]t /x]sL l5l/ª;Fu z]kf{
;d' b fosf] ;f} G bo{ k| l tof] l utf
cfof]hgfsf] cg'ej klg 5 .
gug{ va/bf/L ub{5f}F . olb kLl8t
kIfsf] dfu k'/f gePsf] / kLl8tn]
Gofo gkfPsf] v08df pQm Pstf lzz'
lgs] t gsf ;~rfns / b"/Lsf] sfo{lbzf eg]sf] xf] . of] cfhsf]
;DalGwtx?dfly s8f sf/afxL x'g]
s'/f r]tfjgL lbg rfxG5f}+ .
cGTodf kLl8t kl/jf/sf] Gofosf]
lglDt clvn -;dfhjfbL_ 5fqf
ljefu cGTo;Dd nl8/xg] k|lta4tf
JoQm ub{5f} .Ú
;do ult xf], >d j:t' xf] . ;do
clglZrt 5 t/ >dn] o;nfO{
;'lglZrttf k|bfg ub{5 . cfhsf] lj1fg
/ k|ljlwsf] o'udf k|ljlwsf] k|of]un] cem
;dosf] ult a9fO{ lbPsf] 5 / >dsf]
;do 5f]6\ofOlbPsf] 5 . ;dosf]
ultlzntf / >dsf] 3lge"ttfn]
pTkfbgsf] dfqfnfO{ a9fOlbG5 .
pTkfbgsf] dfqfdf cfpg] j[l4 g} ;Dd[l4
jf ;DkGgtf xf] . ;DkGgtf x'g' eg]s}
;dfhjfbsf] cfwf/ xf] .
cfh dfgj >d k|ljlwdf k|of]u
ePsf] 5 . k|ljlwsf] k|of]un] ;dosf]
art ub{5 / Tof] art ;donfO{ km]l/
>d k|of]u ug]{ xf] eg] dflg;n] g;f]rs ] f]
kl/0ffd xft kf5{ . h:tf] ls lxhf]
sf7df8f}aF f6 kf]v/f k'Ug k}bn !% lbg
nfUg] ;do uf8Lsf] k|of]un] ! lbgdf
emf¥of] / hxfhn] cfwf 306fdf
emfl/lbof] . a;n] !$ lbgsf] ;do
art eof] eg] !$ lbg ;f9] !! 306f
;do art eof] . sxfFsf] kGw| lbg,
sxfFsf] cfwf 306f Û of] k|ljlwn] u/]sf]
;dosf] tLj|tf xf] . ;dosf] tLj|tfn]
>dsf] art ub{5 eg] ;dosf]
tLj|tfdf >dsf] 3lge"ttf yk ug]{ xf]
eg] oxfF g;f]lrPsf] kl/jt{g jf
rdTsf/ x'G5 . Tof] rdTsf/ t xf]
qmflGt . Tof] /fhgLlts If]qdf xf];\ jf
pTkfbg If]qdf xf];\ . pTkfbg If]qdf
cfpg] rdTsf/ jf tLj|tfsf] cy{ xf]
cfly{s qmflGt jf ;Dd[l4 . /fhgLlts
qmflGt / cfly{s qmflGtsf] PsLs[t
?k g} ;fdflhs qmflGt jf ;Dd[l4 xf] .
oxL g} cfhsf] PsLs[t hgqmflGtsf]
ofqf xf] . PsLs[t hgqmflGtsf &
ljz]iftfx¿df Pp6f k|ljlw klg xf]
eGg'sf] cy{ oxL xf] . k|ljlw ;do /
>dnfO{ lgwf{/0f ug]{ / tLj|tf lbg] Ps
dfgj lgld{t ;fwg jf pks/0f xf] .
k|f/lDes lj1fgdf ult k}bf ug{
pQf]nssf] k|of]usf] s'/f k9]sf lyof}+ .
cfhsf] lj1fgn] Tof] pQf]nssf] ljsf;
k|ljlwdf u/]sf] 5 . of] g} cfh qmflGtsf]
Pp6f cleGg c+u aGg cfOk'us ] f] 5 .
cfhsf] o'u k|ljlwsf] o'u elgP
klg d'Vo dfgj >d g} xf] . k|ljlw
d'Vo / dfgj >d uf}0f x'g] eGg] xf]Og .
k|ljlwsf] hlt;'s} ljsf; eP klg
To;sf] ;~rfns / rfns zlQm
dflg; g} x'G5 . dflg;sf] e"ldsf g}
d'Vo x'G5 t/ k|ljlwn] dfgjLo >ddf
s}of}+ u'0ff ult a9fOlbG5 . of] s'/f
;To xf] ls ;o hgfn] Ps lbgdf ug]{
sfd k|ljlwn] @ 306fdf ul/lbG5 .
dflg;n] k|ljlwdfkm{t\ rGb|dfsf] ofqf
c9fO{ lbgdf u/]sf] 5 t/ To;df
dfgjsf] e"ldsf geOlbg] xf] eg] of]
;+ej x'bF g} . ;a} sfd k|ljlwn] u/]sf]
eGb}df pTkfbs zlQm g} ablnof] eGg'
ts{;uF t b]lvGg . olb k|ljlw g} ;jf]k{ l/
eof] / dflg;sf] e"ldsf g} ;lsof] eGg]
xf] eg] ju{ ;ª\3if{ / ;z:q ;ª\3if{sf]
cf}lrTo g} ;lsof] eGg] lgisif{df k'Ug'
kg]{ x'G5 ha ls ;dfhdf ju{ /xFbf;Dd
/ ju{;Qf /xFbf;Dd Tof] ;+efjgf
/lx/xG5 . ;To of] xf] ls k|ljlwn]
;do 5f]6o\ fOlbG5 / >dsf] art
u5{ . To;}n] t dWod b"/Lsf] lgisif{df
k'luPsf] xf] .
n:ju{;ª\3if{df klg ;do, >d /
k|ljlwnfO{ hf]8g\ ' k5{ . ;do, >d /
k|ljlwnfO{ Ps 7fpFdf Nofpg] xf] eg]
;ª\3if{ 5f]6f] x'G5 . ;dosf] tLj|tf,
>dsf] 3lge"ttf / k|ljlwsf] ;xL 9+un]
k|of]uaf6 cfpg] kl/0ffd rdTsfl/s
x'G5 . of] ;"qdf PsLs[t hgqmflGtsf]
sfo{lbzfsf] ljsf; ePsf] xf] . cyf{t
;dosf] tLj|tf / >dsf] 3lge"ttf /
k|ljlwsf] ;dfof]lrt k|of]un] qmflGtsf]
;do 5f]l6G5 . of] ;ª\3if{sf] ?k
lxhf]sf] eGbf leGg} k|sl[ tsf] x'G5 .
To;}n] PsLs[t hgqmflGtnfO{ dWod
ljZjsf] cGt/lj/f] w , cfhsf]
;fd|fHojfbsf] ljz]iftf, hgtfsf]
rfxgf, lj1fg / k|ljlwsf] ljsf;,
;dfhsf] ju{ rl/qdf cfPsf] kl/jt{g
/ qmflGtsf] ;kmntf / c;kmntfx¿sf]
cg'ejx¿sf] s'n of]ukmndf ul/Psf]
;+Zn]if0f xf] . of] cWoflTds / OZj/Lo
kl/sNkgf geP/ j}1flgs ljrf/,
ef} l tsjfbL r] t gf, Oltxf;sf]
vf]htnf; / cg'ejx¿sf] ;+of]hg xf] .
of] clxn] ju{;ª\3if{, /fhgLlts ;ª\3if{
/ pTkfbg ;ª\3if{ tLg} If]qdf k|of]usf]
qmddf 5 . o;sf] j}1flgstf o;sf]
;kmntfkl5 dfq k' l i6 x' g ] 5 .
k"j;{ f]leot ;+3df af]N;]lesx¿n] u/]sf]
rdTsf/ oxL ;dosf] tLj|tf / >dsf]
3lge"ttf / ultlzntfsf] kl/0ffd
lyof] . oxL g} Oltxf;df af]N;]les
efjgfsf] gfdaf6 :yflkt 5 .
>d k'hF Lsf] ;|ft] xf] eGg] s'/f sfn{
dfS;{n] n]Vg'eof] . k'h F Lklt ju{n]
;aeGbf klxn] a'em] / cfˆgf] JolQmut
:jfy{ / ju{ :jfy{df 3lge"t ?kn]
k|of]u u/] . of] s'/f ;dfhsf rnfv
dfG5]x¿n] klg a'em] . rnfv dfG5]x¿n]
csf{sf] >d rf]//] cyfx ;DklQ cfh{g
ug{ yfn] . cfk"mn] sd >d ug]{ jf
dfgl;s >d ug],{ csf{nfO{ zf/Ll/s
>ddf hf]tfpg], Ps ;]s0] 8sf] ;do
klg v]/ hfg glbg] u/L h;/L >dsf]
n'6 eof], To;n] ju{ hGdfof]] . o;nfO{
t dfS;{n] cltl/Qm d"Nosf] l;4fGtdf
;+Zn]if0f ug'e{ of] . cfh >d kl/jt{g
ePsf] 5 . zf/Ll/s >d dfgl;s
>ddf kl/jt{g ePsf] 5 . of] cfw'lgs
lzIff, k|ljlwsf] k|of]usf] ljsf;sf] kl/0ffd
xf] . o;n] gofF >lds ju{ hGdfPsf] 5
eGg] xfd|f] ;+Zn]if0f o;}sf] kl/0ffdsf]
pkh xf] . xfdLn] cf7f}+ dxflwj]zgdf
;+Zn]if0f u/]sf] dWod ju{sf] kl/efiff
o;}sf] cfwf/df ul/Psf] ;+Zn]if0f lyof] .
cfh Tof] j}1flgs k'li6 ePsf] 5 . o;n]
cfhsf] qmflGtdf dWod ju{ cyf{t\ gofF
>lds ju{sf] ;xeflutf clgjfo{ aGg
cfPsf] 5 . ?; / rLgdf ePsf qmflGtsf
cfwf/ zlQmsf] ?kdf dWod ju{sf]
;xeflutfnfO{ ;sfl/Psf] lyPg . dfq
;fgf] ;+ V ofdf a' l 4hLjL ju{ s f]
cfjZostfsf] pNn]v ul/Psf] lyof] t/
cfh xfdL PsLs[t hgqmflGtdf ls;fg–
dhb"/nfO{ qmflGtsf] cfwf/e"t zlQmsf]
?kdf / dWod ju{ cyf{t gofF >lds
ju{nfO{ cfwf/ zlQmsf] ?kdf cf7f}+
dxflwj]zgn] ;+Zn]if0f u/]sf] 5 . o;/L
PsLs[t hgqmflGt gofF ljz]iftfsf] qmflGt
aGg cfOk'us ] f] 5 .
dfgj hfltnfO{ rflxPsf] :jtGqtf,
;dfgtf, cfTdlge{/tf / ;d[l4 xf] .
o;sf] ;f/ cflTds ;'v–zflGt / ;Dd[l4
xf] . JolQmut ?kdf dfG5]n] ;'vL x'g
rfxG5 . ;'v sxfFaf6 / s;/L k|fKt
x'G5 < ;d[l4, :jtGqtf / ;dfgtfaf6 .
oL tLg} rLh ;dfhjfbdf dfq k|fKt
x'G5 . ;dfhjfb cfhsf] k'h F L s]lGb|t,
JolQm s]lGb|t / :jfy{ s]lGb|t Joj:yfaf6
;+ej 5}g . of] lxhf]sf la;f}+ ztfAbLsf
k|f/lDes ;dfhjfbaf6 klg casf]
@!cf}+ ztfAbLsf dfgj rfxgfx¿ k"/f
x'g] b]lvFbg} . To;}n] ;dfhjfbnfO{ klg
kl/dfh{g / ljsf; ug{ cfjZos
b]lvG5 . To;}n] PsLs[t :jfldTjdf
cfwfl/t cy{k0| ffnL / o;sf] hudf
plePsf] ;dfhjfb cfhsf] cfjZostf
aGg k'us ] f] 5 . o;nfO{ xfd|f] cfˆg}
;Gbe{df g]kfnL ljz]iftfsf] ;dfhjfb
klg eGg ;lsG5 .
cfh ljZjdf sl/a ;jf b'O{ ;o
b]zx¿ 5g\ . ;fgf]eGbf ;fgf] b]z
Eofl6sg l;6Lb]lv ljzfn b]z ?;,
rLg, cd] l /sf, ci6] « l nofh:tf
b]zx¿sf cf–cfˆg} k|sl[ t / ljz]iftfsf
5g\ . tL b]zx¿sf hgtfsf] cfˆgf]
cj:yf, kl/l:ylt, r]tgf / pTkfbg
;DaGwx¿ Ps} gx'g ;S5 . tL
s'/fx¿n] qmflGtsf] df}lnstfdf klg
km/skgf cfjZos x'g;S5 . ToxfFsf]
cfjZostfdf ToxfF x'g] qmflGtsf
tl/sfx¿ klg km/s–km/s x'g;S5g\ .
ToxfFsf km/s ljz]iftfn] ;dfhjfbsf
?k / ljz]iftfx¿df klg w]/yf]/ km/s
kfg{;S5 . ;a}sf] Ps} gx'g ;S5 .
o;nfO{ tL b]zx¿sf] km/s ljz]iftfsf]
;dfhjfb eGg ;lsG5 . g]kfndf x'g]
;dfhjfb g]kfnL ljz]iftfsf] x'g;S5 .
lsgls g]kfnsf] ljz]iftf c? b]z;Fu
gldNg ;S5 . To;}n] ljZj ;fDojfb
cfpg'kj" { b]zx¿n] cf–cfˆg} ljz]iftfsf]
;dfhjfbsf] cEof; ub}{ l;ª\uf] ljZj
dfgj hfltnfO{ Pp6} ;L hflt / ;L
;+:s[ltdf 9fn]kl5 ljZje/L Ps}
k|sl[ tsf] j}1flgs ;dfhjfb :yfkgf
x'g;S5 . To;}n] g]kfnL ljz]iftfsf]
;dfhjfb cfhsf] cfjZostf aGg
uPsf] 5 . To;sf] Pp6f ljz]iftf
pTkfbg;Fu hf]l8Psf] 5 .
cGtdf oxL g]kfnL ljz]iftfsf]
;dfhjfb, cfTdlge{/tf / :jfwLgtfsf
nflu ;do, >d / pTkfbg cfhsf]
cfjZostf ag]sf] 5 . o;nfO{ cfTd;ft
ug'{ g} g]kfnL qmflGt cyf{t PsLs[t
hgqmflGtsf] ;kmntf x' g ] 5 .
qmflGtkZrft\sf] :jfwLgtf, ljsf;, ;d[l4
/ ;dfgtfsf] cfwf/ klg cfTdlge{/
cy{tGq g} x'g] 5 hf] ;do, >d /
pTkfbgaf6 leGg 5}g .
 @)*) ;fn kmfu'g @) ut] cfOtaf/
gof“ k':tf bl08t x'g] k/Dk/f k'/fg} /f]u xf]
k'/fgf] k':tfn] gofFdf sdhf]/L
b]V5 . of] gofF ;+:sf/ xf]Og / cfhsf]
gofF ljifo klg xf]Og . of] dfgj
Oltxf;sf] hGd ;Fu;u} hGd]sf] k'/fg}
;+:sf/ xf] . k'/fgf] k':tfn] gofF
k':tfdfly vf]6 b]V5 t/ gofF k':tf
xfjL eOxfN5 . k'/fgf] k':tfn] gofF
k':tfdf hlxNo} efFhf] xfN5 t/ ;a}
r'gf}tLx?df lgd{d x'bF } gofF k':tf cl3
a9\5 . kl/jlt{t Oltxf;df k'/fgf]
k':tfn] gofF k':tfsf] gjLg ;f]rnfO{
l56} ?rfPsf] kfOFbg} . k'/fgf] k':tfn]
gofF k':tfsf] gjLg sfo{nfO{ s]6fs]6L
kg 7fGb5 . ;fdfhdf eO/x]sf] of
rln/x]sf] eGbf km/s tl/sfn] ;f]Rg]
tl/sf, c?sf] sNkgf u/]sf] eGbf
dfly ;f]Rg] tl/sf, x/]s sfdnfO{
km/s tl/sfn] ug{ ;lsG5 eGg] gjLg
ljrf/ lbg]x?nfO{ k'/fgf] k':tfn]
;dfhlj/f]wL 7fG5 . h] cufl8 b]Vof],
ToxL g} ;To xf] elgPsf] ;dfhdf of]
unt xf] ;To cs}{ xf] x} eGg vf]Hg'
k'/ftg k':tfsf] ljrf/df ck/flws
sfd jGg ;S5 / gofF ljrf/, k':tf,
cg';Gwfg / cflj:sf/ bl08t klg
x'g;S5 . ljrf/ of ljrf/s bl08t
x'g] k/Dk/f dfgj ;dfhsf] nflu
gf}nf] ljifo xf]Og, Tof] cfhsf] j}1flgs
;Eotf xf];\ of cGwljZjf;L ;dfhsf]
k'/fgf] ;Eotf, k|To]s gofF ljrf/
k'/fgf] ljrf/sf] x]kfO{ / pk]Iffdf k/]s}
x'G5 . ljZj Oltxf;df o:tf w]/}
kl/36gf e]l6G5g\ . gofF k':tfsf]
ljrf/sf] /Iff ug'{ ;sf/fTds sfo{
xf] eg] o;nfO{ pk]Iff ug{' ;dfhsf]
nflu g} gsf/fTds / kL8fbflos sfo{
x'G5 . gofF k':tfsf] ljrf/ hlxn] klg
k'/fgf] k':tfjf6 x]lkPsf] / bljPsf]
x'G5 . gofF k':tfn] ;dfhsf x/]s
r'gf}ltx?sf] 86]/ ;fdgf u/]/ cem
:kfltnf] / /flknf] ˜x'Fb} cfPsf] x'G5
/ k'/ftgdf ljho xfl;n u5{ of] g}
cjZodefjL s'/f xf] .
@%)) jif{ klxnf kfOyfuf]/;n]
r]K6f] elgPsf] ;"o{ uf]nf] 5 eg]/]
cg'dfg ug]{ / k|dfl0ft ug]{ lu|s
j}1flgsnfO{ bl08t ul/Psf] lyof] .
pgsf s'/f ;dfhn] ;xh} kTofPg,
ax'nf 7fGof] . ;"o{ x]/]/ ;dosf]
cg'dfg ug]{ ;dodf kf]k l;Ne]:6/n]
;g\ (^^ df 38Lsf] cfljisf/ u/]/
;do Joj:yfkg ubf{ To;sf] klg
lj/f]w eof] / pgnfO{ ;dfhsf] ;+:sf/
eTsfpg] c/fhs ;dfhlj/f] w L
elgof] . of] ;+;f/ eudfgn] jgfPsf]
/ O{Zj/ g} ck/Dkf/ elgPsf] j]nf
OZj/sf lj?4df jf]Ng', k'/fgf] ;+:sf/
eTsfo/ gofF ;+:sf/sf] ;'?jftL ug'{
tTsflng ;dosf nflu c/fhs,
cg}lts / c;Eo ljrf/ dflgPsf
lyP . O{Zj/dflysf] xdnf klg t
c;fdfGo lyPg . of] c;fdfGo
lxDdtsf] s' / f k' / fgf] ljrf/ /
k':tfsf] nflu kfkL, d'v{, ck/fwL /
cwdL{ b]lvg] r'gf}tL lyof] . 7'n7'nf
cfljisf/, lrlsT;f cg' ; Gwfg,
cGtl/Ifsf] vf]h, lj1fgsf] cg]sf}F
rdTsf/ O{Zj/Lo lrGtgsf lj?4sf]
n8fO{ lyof] . cfh ltg} O{Zj/Lo
eQmx? lj1fgn] cflj:sf/ u/]sf]
ToxL df]jfO{n, ToxL xjfO{hxfh / ToxL
k|ljlwsf] /dfP/} k|of]u u/]sf 5g\
t/ j}1flgsnfO{ lbg'kg]{ wGojfb
eujfgnfO{ wGojfb lbO/x]sf 5g\ .
cfh ljZjsf ;fF 9 ] ;ft ca{
dflg;x?df ;a} ef}ltsjfbL e};s]sf
5g\ lsgls pgLx?n] ef}lts j:t'sf]
k|of]u ul//x]sf 5g\ of] ;a} k|ljlw
dflg;n] jgfPsf] xf] / O{Zj/n]
jgfPsf] xf]Og eGg] ljZjf; ub{5g\
t/ log} eujfgeQm eGg]x? ljZjdf
!% k|ltzt dfG5] dfq ef}ltsjfbL
5g\ eg] xNnf ul//x]sf 5g\ . O;fk"j{
sl/a ^)) sf] ;dodf k"jL{o e"lddf
j]bsf] cflj:sf/df ePsf] lgGbf,
@%)) jif{cl3 uf}td a'4n] cjnDag
u/]sf] zflGtsf] dfu{sf] cfnf]rgf sd
lyPg . To;}ul/ ljZjel/ kF'hLjfbL
ljrf/sf] ljuljuL ePsf] j]nf hGd]sf]
gofF ljrf/ dfS;{jfbL ljrf/sf] lj/f]w
clxn] ; Dd klg dl/d] 6 L wd{ /
k'h
F Ljfbsf 7]sfbf/x? nflu/x]sf 5g\ .
ljZjel/ cfdhgtf k' F h Ljfbsf]
ljsNk ;dfhjfb vf]lh/x]sf] j]nf
dfgjtflj/f]wL cd]l/sfn] sDo'lg:6
ljrf/ /fVg]x?nfO{ cfkm\gf] b]zdf
k|ltjGw nufO/x]sf] 5 . e}ltsjfbL
ljrf/nfO{ k|ltjGw nufpg] ToxL
ef}ltsjfbL cflj:sf/n] pTkfbg
ePsf ;fdfgx?df Psfclwsf/ sfod
u/L Jofkf/dfkm{t\ rsf]{ n'6 drfpg]
sfd ul//x]sf] 5 . of] gofF ljrf/jf6
8/fPsf] of xf/] s f] k' / ftg
ljrf/sx?sf] Jofjxf/ xf] eGg] k'li6
x'G5 . gofF ljrf/, gofF cfljisf/ /
gofF cWofo / gofF k':tfnfO{ h'g;'s}
;dfh, ;+:sf/, kf6L{ / 3/kl/jf/df
;d] t ;xh} :jLsfg{ ;Sb} g g\ .
cfh;Dd gofF k':tf / b:tfnfO{ ;xh}
7fpF 5f]8s] f], af6f] vf]lnlbPsf] Oltxf;
rnlrq / gf6sdf kfOG5 t/ l/cn
hLjgfdf clxn];Ddsf s'g} ;Eotfdf
klg e]l6Psf] 5}g .
g]kfnL /fhgLltdf gofF k':tfn]
xfdLnfO{ rf}tkmL{ 3]/faGbL u/] eGg]
u'gf;f] ug'{ of k'/fgf kfsfg]tfx?n]
g]tT[ j ubf{ b]z c;kmn eof] eGg'
b'O{j6} ts{ unt xf] / o:tf] ts{
ug]{x?df cWofogs} sdL xf] . of]
b'O{j6} ts{ unt 5 .
xfdLn] jgfPsf] ljrf/ cfh
;fj{ef}d eP klg ef]ln gx'g ;S5 .
dfS;{n] of] eg]sf], dfcf]n] p eg]sf]
To;}n] gofF ug'{ x'Fb}g, xfdL sdhf]/
ePsf] j]nf jf]Ng' x"Gg, p;n] 8«fg]
xfG5 eGg] s'/f g} lj1fg lj/f]wL s'/f
xf], oxL g} k'/fgf] k':tfsf] csd{0otf
xf] . cfk"m klg kl/jt{ ug{ g;Sg] /
c?nfO{ klg ug{ glbg] k'/fgf] k':tfsf]
k'/ftg ljrf/ xf] . o;n] gofF ts{ /
ljrf/nfO{ krfpg ;Sb}g . s'g} klg
ljrf/ lg/Gt/ l6Sg To;nfO{
;do;fk] I f ultzLn jgfO/fVg'
kb{5 . To;df lvof nfUg lbg' x'bF g} .
ljrf/x¿ klg ;doqmddf gofF /
k'/fgf x'G5g\, h;nfO{ lg/Gt/ wf/
nfpg] / lvof emfg]{, cf/g / /]tL
cfjZos x'G5 . h;/L xltof/ jf]bf]
x'G5 To;n] sf6\g /f]lsG5 . To:t}
ljrf/sf] xltof/ e'Q] eof] eg] sfd
ub}{g / To;nfO{ lg/Gt/ ;fk{ jgfO{
/fVg' k5{ . of] jgfpg] / gjgfpg]
s'/fdf klg gofF / k''/fgf] ljrf/ /
k':tfaLrsf] xfgyfk x'g]ub{5 .
xjfO{ h xfh agfpg] /fO6
bfh'efOsf] ;kmn k/LIf0f / nuftf/
k/LIf0fkZrft dfq} dfGotf kfPsf]
j} 1 flgs cfljisf/n] g} cfh
cfjfheGbf l56f] p8\g] ;'k/;f]lgs
xjfO{hxfh;Ddsf] ofqf to ePsf] xf] .
;dfhn] x/]s gofF kl/sNkgfnfO{
kfunkgsf] ;+1f lbG5 . ;'k|l;4
bfz{lgs, /fhgLlts1, cy{zf:qL,
Oltxf;sf/, dfS;{jfbsf k|0f]tf,
;dfhzf:qL sfn{dfS;{ ljrf/ /
bz{gsf] b'lgofFdf !($* df …sDo'lg:6
kf6L{sf] 3f]if0ffkqÚ n]v] otf ;a}eGbf
a9L kl9Psf] / lj/f]w ul/Psf] ljrf/
xf] . ljrf/sf] ;Qfdf dfS;{ hlxNo}
s]Gb|df 5g\ . pgsf ljrf/sf] lj/f]w
xf];\ of ;dy{g, ljrf/x¿ ultzLn
5g\, ljrf/sx¿ lbg/ft ;f]lr/x]sf
5g\ . dfS;{ klg tTsfnLg ;dfhsf
nflu c/fhs g} x'g . k/Dk/fut
;dfhsf k|rlnt n'l6vfg] lgod
eTsfP/ gofF hgtfsf] lgod l;h{gf
ug]{ dfS;{sf] b[li6sf]0f zlQm / ;Qfsf]
xflnd'xfnLdf Ps5q n'6 dRrfP/
a:g]sf] gh/df t;f{O/Xof] / cem} ;of}F
jif{ t;f{O/xg]5 .
lj=;+= !((& df dfl/Psf rf/
;k' t , h;n] /f0ff zfxLlj?4
k|hftGqsf] lju'n k'ms]sf] kl/0ffddf
dfl/g'k¥of] . @))& ;fnsf] kl/j]zdf
/fhgLltdf lqmofzLn bnx¿,
k|hfkl/ifb\, g]kfnL sfFu; ]| / g]kfn
sDo'lg:6 kf6L{ Toltv]/ ;dfhlj/f]wL
c/fhs / cg}lts ultljlwsf jfxs
dflgGy] . Joj:yf kl/jt{gsf nflu
qmflGt / cfGbf]ngsf] kIfdf ePsfn]
pgLx¿ tTsfnLg ;Qfsf] gh/df
cfFvL x'g] g} eP . @)!^ df aLkL
sf]O/fnfsf] dlGqd08ndf klxnf]
dlxnfdGqL åfl/sfb]jL 7s'/fgLsf]
lgo'lQm cfhsf] :jL6\h/NofG8df
dlxnfnfO{ dtflwsf/ lbg'eGbf !@ jif{
klxn]sf] 36gf lyof] . Tof] 36gf g]kfnL
;dfhsf] r]teGbf w]/} cl3 ePsf]
sf/0f ;xh} u|fXo ljifo lyPg .
/fhf dx]Gb|sf] )!& sf] /fhgLlts
…s' Ú kl5 klg g] k fnL sfF u | ] ; ,
g]skfnufot /fhgLlts zlQmx¿
c/fli6«o QTj eg]/ k|ltalGwt lyP .
To;}n] )$^ sf] kl/jt{g gcfP;Dd
b08sf efuLbf/ ag]/ h]n uP,
lgjf{;gdf a;] of e"ldut ag] .
@))^ ;fndf ndh'ªdf xnf] hf]Tg]
cu'jfO u/]sf xl/eQm, z]ifsfGt /
tf]ofgfynufot -@& afx'g_ n] u/]sf]
k|ltsfTds ljb|fx] , ;dtfjfbL ;dfhn]
krfpg ;s] g . Tof] Jofjxf/n]
;dfhn] lau|]sf], ax'nfPsf], hft
kmfn] s f] eg] / lrq0f u/] /
kl/jt{gsf/L r]tgfnfO{ lv;Ll6p/L
u/]/ h]n sf]r]sf] lyof] . ;dfhdf
gofF ljrf/ ckr x'G5g\ . of] x/]s
;dosf] , x/] s ;dfh / b] z sf]
lj8Dagfo'Qm kl/l:ylt xf] . gofFnfO{
lgif]w, k|lt/f]w / xtf]T;flxt ug{
k'/fgf] ;Qfn] cg]sg\ xys08f k|of]u
u5{ . ;dfhd} k|ltsf/sf] efio
lgld{t u/]/ n8fpg / ;fdflhs
c:jLs[ltsf nflu Hofblt u5{ . bdg
/ pTkL8gsf] ;xf/f lnG5 . k|lts"n
kl/l:ylt lgdf{0f ul/lbG5 .
nIdLk|;fb b]jsf]6fn] ;flxTodf
gofF nx/ NofOlbP, t/ zf;sx¿
pgsf] r]tlj?4 lyP / pgL klg
ax'nf agfOP . afns[i0f ;dn]
cfw' l gs g] k fnL dxfsfJodf
k/Dk/fut dxfsfJo n]vgsf] s]Gb|
s'nLg / ;De|fGt gfos agfpg]
rngnfO{ lj:yfkg ub}{ …lr;f] r'nf]Ú
dxfsfJo -@)!%_ df c5't elgPsf]
;d'bfosf] Ps ;fdfGo kfqnfO{ gfos
agfP/ dxfsfJodf gofF gfossf]
k| : tfjgf u/] / Pp6f qmde+ u
ul/lbP . of] ;flxlTos sd{sf] klg
zf:qLotfjfbLx¿n] Jofks / w'jfFbf/
lj/f]w u/] . )^@ df …la;] gurL{sf]
aofgdfÚ slj >j0f d' s f?ªn]
k[YjLgf/fo0f zfxsf] ;dsIftf k|bfg
u/] s fdf klg ljdlt /flvof] .
k[ Y jLgf/fo0f zfxnfO{ g] k fn
PsLs/0fsf] Psnf}6L h; lbPsf] k9\b}
cfPsf] ;dfhn] la;{gn ] ] of] /fHo d]/f]
klg xf] o;df d]/f k'vf{ / ;a}
g]kfnLsf] Oltxf; /Iff / Oltxf;
kl/jt{gsf] lx:;f dfu]sf] sljtf n]Vbf
ckr 7flgof] .
t]nsf] yf]kfyf]kf hf]ufcf}+
OGwg vr{ 36fcf}+
@)%@ ;fnsf] hgo'4 / ;Qf
kl/jt{gsf] x's
F f/ klg ;/sf/sf] gh/df
cft+ssf/L ultljlw lyof] . ;/sf/n]
k|r08, afa'/fd, df]xg j}Bnufot
dfcf]jfbL g]tfnfO{ …cft+ssf/LÚ 3f]if0ff
u/L xltof/åf/f lgoGq0f / lgof]hg
ljqmd ;L
ug]{ af6f] ;dfof] . k|r08x¿sf] 6fpsfsf]
df]n tf]lsof] / axfnjfnf dGqLx¿
6fpsfsf] d"No tf]lsPsfsf] 6fpsf]
emf]nfdf xfn]/ Nofpg]nfO{ emf]nfel/ k};f
lbg] efif0f ub}{ lxF8] . @)%% h]7b]lv
dfcf]jfbL ljb|fx] Llj?4 …lsnf] ;]/f 6'Ú
gfds 3fts ck|; ] gnufot cg]s
sf/afxL ul/P, ;]gf kl/rfng ul/of] .
dfcf]jfbLnfO{ sfg'g xftdf lng] c/fhs
hTyf / cft+ssf/L elgof] . oL ;a
Tof] ;dosf ljb|fx] L r]tdflysf] ;+ul7t
/ of]hgfa4 ul/Psf] ef}lts cfqmd0f
lyof] . s'gj} n] f /fh;+:yfsf] lj/f]w ug]n{ ]
cfhLjg h]n / uf]lnsf] hjfkm kfpFy] .
/fhflj?4 af]Ng' kfksf] >]0fLdf kYof]{ .
gofF ljrf/ af]Sb}df of gofF x'bF d} f
;lhn} :yflkt x'bF g} . cfh;Ddsf]
Oltxf;df s}of}+ gjLg ljrf/ gofF u5{'
eGg] k':tf / ;f]rsf] ue{d} t'lxPsf
5g\ . g]kfnsf] /fhgLlts Oltxf;df
;fj{hlgs:ynsf] ;'Gb/tfsf nflu leQ] lrq agfOg]
sf7df8f} F . sf7df8f} F
dxfgu/kflnsfn] cfˆgf] If] q sf
;fj{hlgs:ynsf] ;'Gb/tfsf nflu leQ]
lrq agfpg nlntsnf k|1f k|lti7fg;Fu
;Demf}tf ul/;s]sf] atfOPsf] 5 . sfdkf
;fj{hlgs lgdf{0f ljefusf k|dv ' ;'/h
zfSosf cg';f/ klxnf] r/0fdf
dfOtL3/af6 aa/dxnsf] bfofFtkm{sf]
kvf{n, k|bz{gLdfu{sf kvf{n, cGt/f{li6«o
ljdfg:yn aflx/sf] kvf{nsf ;fy}
dLgejg / n}grf}/l:yt ;dfhsNof0f
kl/ifb\sf] kvf{ndf leQ] lrq agfpgsf
nflu :jLs[lt lbO;lsPsf] 5 . zfSon]
:jLs[t ePsf gd'gfadf]lhd tL :yfgdf
k|lti7fgn] leQ] lrq agfpg] / of] sfd
g]kfn cfon lgud lnld6]8
kmf]g g+=+ $@^@(&), km\ofS; M $@^#$&!
k|hf kl/ifb\ Psfb]zsf] syf aGof] .
gofF eGg]lalQs} /fd|f] x'G5 eGg' klg
unt x'G5 . gofFnfO{ :yflkt gx'Gh]n
k'/fgf]n] bjfpg vf]H5 . gofF ;f]r, ljrf/
/ lrGtg of gofF dfG5]n] h]h:tf lrGtg
cl3 ;f/]/ ;dfhdf t/+u k}bf u/] klg
tL ;a tTsfnLg ;dosf nflu
c/fhs, cg}lts, co'uLg / s]6fs]6L
ljrf/ dflgG5g\ . gjLg ljrf/ lgdf{0f
x'G5, jx;df hfG5, 1fg aG5 /
;dfhdf nfu" x'G5 . k'/fgf] ljrf/nfO{
k|lt:yfkg ug{ ;xh x'bF g} t/ gofF
ljrf/ / gofF k':tfx¿ k'g:yf{lkt eP/}
5f]85 \ g\ . ;fdfGo dfG5]n] kl/sNkgf
u/]sf]eGbf k[ys kl/sNkgf ug{ ;Sg'
g} gjLgtd ;f]r xf] . of] ;f]rn] dfq
;dfh ¿kfGt/0f / kl/jt{gsf] cfhsf]
cj:yfsf] g]tG[ j ug]{ xf] .
s'gj} n] f blntn] 5f]Psf] vfg]x¿ /
;a} dfG5] ;dfg x'g\ eGg]x¿, kqklqsf
k9\gx] ¿, lkmNd x]g,{] /]l8of] ;'Gg], k|d]
ljjfx ug],{ :s'n vf]Ng], cfw'lgs uLt,
;+uLt ;'Gg] / ufpg], ¥ofk ufpg], sljtf
n]Vg], k|d ] kq sf]g{] / 3/leq} rkL{
agfpg]x¿ ;dfh lj/f]wL / c/fhs
dflgGy], p:t}k/] bl08t klg x'Gy] . cfh
klg gofF ljrf/ lgdf{0f ug],{ gofF lrGtg
/ z}nLdf sfd ug]x{ ¿ d"v{ / 3d08L
7flgG5g\ . g]kfnL ;dfhdf PsLs[t
hgqmflGtsf] gofF ljrf/ cfh ;dfhdf
:yflkt e};s]sf] 5 . of] :yflkt x'g
;dfhsf w]/} cf/f]x–cj/f]x v]Kg' k¥of] .
olsg hgqmflGt to u/]kl5 ljleGg
;dfhdf gofF t/+ux? pTkGg eP .
cfk"mnfO{ dfS;{jfbL ljZn]ifs eGg]x?n]
w] / } cf/f] k x? nufP, w] / } kfsf
bfz{lgsx?n] dfS;{ aGg vf]hs ] f] ;d]t
cf/f]lkt u/] k'/fgf lbUuh dflgPsf
l;4fGtsf/ / k| V oft elgPsf
ljZn] i fsx?sf] k5fl8 ;dfh /
kl/l:ylt uPg . PsLs[t hgqmflGtn]
@)*! h]7 d;fGt;Dddf ;DkGg ul/g]
atfP .
leQ] lrq agfpg k|lti7fgn] :yfg
/ If]qkmn;lxtsf] sfo{of]hgf k]; ug]5{ .
:jLs[t sfo{of]hgfsf cfwf/df sfd
x'g5
] . lrq agfpg k|lti7fgn] JolQm /
;+:yfx¿;Fu ;Demf}tf u/]/ sfd nufpg
;Sg]5 . o;/L sfd nufpFbf ;Demf}tf
ug],{ sfof{bz
] lbg], d"NofÍg ug],{ e'QmfgL
lbg], hjfkmb]lxtf axg ug]{ bfloTj
k|lti7fgs} x'g5] . o;sf nflu sfdkfn]
? %) nfv pknAw u/fpg]5 . ;Demf}tf
ePkl5 ^) k|ltzt -? #) nfv_ /
sfo{;DkGg eO;s]kl5 $) k|ltzt -?
@) nfv_ k|bfg ul/g] atfOPsf] 5 .
7
h]h] kl/sNkgf u/]sf] lyof] Tof]cg';f/
cfh g]kfnsf /fhgLlts kf6L{ /
j'l4lhjL ToxL s'/fsf] jx;df 5g\ .
sfFu; ]| leq klg cfh dWodju{nfO{
s;/L kf6L{df hf]8g\ ] eGg] jx; ul//x]sf]
5 . clxn]sf] Joj:yfn] ;dfhsf tdfd\
;d:ofx? xn ug{ ;s]g o;sf] xn
gofF Joj:yfn] g} lbg'k5{ eg]/ cfh
g]kfnsf /fhgLlts bn a'l4lhjL,
;dfh;]jL kqsf/ ;a}df jx; rln/x]sf]
5 . of] s'/f jfxfnjfnf dGqLn] klg
:jLsf/ ug]{ cj:yf cfPsf] 5 . of]
;a} s'/f dxf;lrj ljKnjn] klxnf g}
PsLs[t hgqmflGtdf p7fO{ ;lsPsf]
gjLgtd ;f]r xf] . of] ;+st] PsLs[t
hgqmflGtsf] gjLg ljrf/ cfd?kdf
:yflkt e};s]sf] :k:6 x'G5 . ;d:of
cfO;s]kl5 t h:n] klg b]Vb5 t/
;d:of gcfpg' klxnf g} b]Vg' Tof] g]tfsf]
s'zn ljz]iftf x'g hfG5 . ljKnj g]tf
dfq xf]Og l;4fGtsf/ g} e};Sg' ePsf]
5 . pxfFn] dfS;{ / dfcf]n] k|ltjfbg
u/]sf l;4fGtx?df gk'us ] f of gofF s'/f
yk]/ kl/:s[t ul/;Sg' ePsf] 5 .
PsLs[t hgqmflGt k9\g] xf] eg] pxFfsf]
of] U otf l;4fGtdf, j} 1 flgs
;dfhjfbdf, /fhgLlt, /0fgLlt /
sfo{gLltdf ;d]t w]/} gofF s'/f yk ug'{
ePsf] xfdL b]Vg ;S5f} . t/, of] s'/f
klg cfk"mnfO{ clxn]sf lbUuh sDo'lg:6
g]tf eGg] x?n] eg] ;xh} :jLsfg]{ cj:yf
5}g ., lsgls k'/fgf] k':tfn] gofF k':tfdf
hlxNo} vf]6 b]V5, k':tfGt/0fdf efFhf]
xfN5, t/ ;a afwf Jojwfg kG5fpFb}
gofF k':tf cl3 al9/xG5 / of] g} ;dfh
lj1fgsf] clgjfo{ lgod g} xf] . k'/fgf]
k':tfn] gofF k':tfdf hlt vf]6 b]v] klg
gofF ;f]r / gofF k':tfn] ;dfhsf] g]tT[ j
u/L 5f8\g] 5 . k'/fgf] k':tfn] cfTd;dk{0f
ug]5{ / xfg]5{ . of] lgod ;a}df clgjfo{
nfu" x'G5 .
o;}u/L, sfdkfn] gGbLs]z/ dlGb/,
zÍ/sLlt{ dxfljxf/ / gS;fn eujtL
dlGb/sf] lrgf/L;DaGwL hfgsf/L lbg
So"cf/ sf]8 /fv]sf] 5 . ;f+:s[lts,
P]ltxfl;s / k'/ftflTjs dxTjsf
:df/s 3'Dg cfpg] cfuGt'sn] ;lhn}
hfgsf/L kfpg ;s'g\ eg]/ j8f
sfof{non] k|ljlwsf] k|of]u yfn]sf] xf],
j8f g+ ! sf cWoIf e/tnfn >]i7n]
eg]– æclxn] 3'Dg cfpg] h;n] klg
:df6{ kmf]g af]ss
] f] x'G5 . So"cf/ :Sofg
u/]kl5 dlGb/sf] k|frLg Oltxf;, o;;Fu
;DaGw hf]l8Psf hfqf kj{, ;fdflhs
tyf wfld{s ;+:sf/nufot ljifo hfGg
s;}nfO{ ;f]Wg' gk/f];\ eg]/ o; lsl;dsf]
Joj:yf ul/Psf] xf] .Æ
So"cf/ sf]8df g]kfnL, c+uh ]| L,
hd{gL, lxGbL, k|mG] r, lrlgofF, sf]l/ofnL,
:k]gL, hfkfgL / c/]ljs u/L !) efiffdf
cl8of] ;'Gg ;lsG5 . j8f g+ ! df
rf/j6f k|frLg 9'Ë]wf/fsf ;fy}
gfukf]v/L, lx6Lkf]v/L, rt'eh '{ gf/fo0f,
uf]df u0f]z, gGbLs]z/ au}r F f, xl/x/
gf/fo0f -cfwf lji0f' cfwf lzj_, ;fO
s]Gb|, ;f]/flx6L, hdn ljxf/, nfn
u0f]zh:tf ;f+:s[lts ;Dkbf 5g\ .
 8 sf= lh= k|= sf= b= g+= !^#÷@)^#÷^$ @)*) ;fn kmfu'g @) ut] cfOtaf/

‘ld6/Aofh / n3'ljQ kLl8tsf] ;d:of ;dfwfg u/’ juL{o d'lQm ljgf hftLo d'lQm c;Dej
sf7df8f}F . ;dfhjfbL df]rf{
g] k fnn] ;/sf/nfO{ oyfzL3|
ld6/Aofh / n3'ljQ kLl8t >lds
hgtf;Fu ;fy{s ;+jfb u/]/ ;d:of
;dfwfg ug{ hf]8bf/ cfu|x u/]sf] 5 .
df]rf{sf ;+of]hs tyf g]kfn sDo'lg:6
kf6L{sf dxf;lrj ljKnj ;Ln] kmfu'g sf7df8f}F . g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{sf sfo{qmddf g]skfsf s]lGb|o ;Nnfxsf/ blnt d'lQm df]rf{ Ko"7fgsf cWoIf s]zj
!@ ut] zlgaf/ /ftL Ps la1lKt kf]ln6Jo"/f] ;b:o tyf klZrd n'lDagL tyf >lds ;d'bfo s]lGb|o ljefu k|dv ' lj=s=, PsLs[t ;dfhjfbL df]rf{ Ko"7fgsf
hf/L ub}{ ;f] cfu|x u/]sf x'g\ . Jo"/f] OGrfh{ ;l~hj ;Ln] juL{o d'lQmljgf ;Gtf]ifL ;Ln] ækl/jlt{t ;Gbe{df >lds k|ltlglw v]d ;'gf/, blnt cleoGtf e/t
df]rf{sf ;+of]hs ljKnj ;Låf/f hftLo d'lQm ;Dej gePsf] atfPsf ;d'bfosf] cj:yf / bfloTj ljifos ;'gf/, ch{g' uGwj{, lvdaxfb'/ kl/of/,
hf/L la1lKtdf elgPsf] 5– …g]kfnL
>lds hgtf ljz]iftM ul/a ls;fg
/ ls;fgx? ld6/Aofh / n3'ljQaf6
r/d?kn] kLl8t ePsf] cjut g}
5 . kLl8t hgtfn] zf] i f0f,
pTkL8gsf lj?4 nuftf/ ;+3if{
ul//x]sf 5g\ eg] ;d:of ;dfwfgsf
nflu ;/sf/;Fu ljleGg r/0fdf jftf{
/ ;xdlt klg x'g] u/]sf 5g\ . tyflk
kLl8t hgtfsf ;d:of ;dfwfg x'g
;s] s f 5} g g\ . xfn} b] z e/Laf6
ld6/Aofh tyf n3'ljQ kLl8t hgtf
k}bn} nfdf] lx8fOkl5 sf7df8f}F k'u/]
Gofosf nflu ;+3if{ ul//x]sf 5g\ .
xfd|f] ;dfhjfbL df]rf{ g]kfn kLl8t
hgtfsf] Gofok"0f{ ;+3if{nfO{ ;xof]u
/ ;dy{g ub{5 . ;fy} ;/sf/nfO{
oyfzL3| ld6/Aofh / n3'ljQ kLl8t
>lds hgtf;Fu ;fy{s ;+jfb u/]/
;d:of ;dfwfg ug{ 7f]; kxn u/f];
eGg] hf]8bf/ cfu|x ub{5 .Ú

;dfhjfbL df]rf{sf] d'vkq ‘;dfhjfbL df]rf{’ k|sfzg ug]{ tof/L

sf7df8f}F . ;dfhjfbL df]rf{, g]kfnn]
df]rf{sf] d'vkq …;dfhjfbL df]rf{Ú k|sflzt
ug]{ ePsf] 5 . ;f] d'vkq k|sfzg ug{
df]rf{sf] k|sfzg ljefusf] klxnf] a}7s
lalxaf/ g]skfsf] s]Gb|Lo sfof{no
a'4gu/df ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . g]skfsf
cfufdL=====
dxf;lrj ljKnj ;Ln] To:t}
d'ns ' sf] ljBdfg kl/l:yltaf/] ;+st]
ub} { clxn] g] k fndf ef/tLox?
lxGb'OHd / /fhtGqsf] Ph]G8f af]s/]
cfO/x] s f] / klZrdfx?
lqmlZrogs/0f / klxrfg;lxtsf]
;+3Lotf tyf wd{lg/k]Iftfsf] Ph]G8f
af]s]/ cfPsf] ;d]t pNn]v u/] .
dxf;lrj ljKnj ;Ln] eg]–
…g] k fndf ;fdflhs / hftLo
ljljwtfx? 5g\, o;sf ;an / /fd|f
kIfx? klg 5g\, xfd|f] cfGtl/s
PstfnfO{ cem /fd| f ] agfpg
;dfhjfbL ;+3Lotf cfjZos 5 t/
clxn]sf] ;+3Lotfn] ;d:of ;dfwfg
ug]e{ Gbf klg ;fdflhs ljefhg dfq}
Nofpg] vt/f 5, To;}n] g]kfndf h'g
p2]Zo / dd{sf cfwf/df xfdLn]
;+3Lotfsf] d'2f p7fof},F To; k|sf/sf]
;+3Lotf cfpg g;s]sf] / ca
;dfhjfb / ;+3Lotf ;Fu;Fu} lnP/
cufl8 hfg'kg]{ a]nf cfPsf] 5 .Ú
ljBdfg=====
bnfn k'h F LjfbL Joj:yfsf sf/0f xf] .
o;n] b]znfO{ ;dfwfg lbg ;Sb}g .
o;sf] ljsNk ;dfhjfbL df]rf{n]
cufl8 ;f/]sf] g]kfnL ljz]iftfsf]
;dfhjfb dfq Ps dfq ljsNk xf] .Ú
g]tf e/t ;Ln] g]skfsf] g]t[Tj
clxn] ;dfhjfbL df] r f{ s f]
;+of]hs;d]t /x]sf] a]nf b]zsf] lhDdf
lng] u/L g]tf–sfo{stf{x?sf] 1fg /
Ifdtfsf] ljsf; ug{k' g]{ atfP . pgn]
g]tf–sfo{stf{sf] b[li6sf]0f abNg]
af}l4s ;f/tTj;lxtsf] gofF 1fg
g]kfn sDo'lgi6 kf6L{;Fu /x]sf] bfaL
ub}{ Jojxf/af6 gofF 1fg k|fKt ug]{
/ km]l/ 1fgnfO{ Jojxf/df abNg]
dxf;lrj tyf df]rf{sf ;+of]hs ;d]t
/x]sf ljKnj ;Lsf] k|dv
' cfltYodf ;DkGg
pQm a}7sn] df]rf{sf] d'vkq …;dfhjfbL
df]rf{Ú k|sflzt ug]a{ f/] 7f]; gLlt – ljlw
tof/ u/]sf] 5 . k|sfzg ljefusf] bf];f| ]
a}7s @! kmfu'g, ;f]daf/ g]skfsf] s]Gb|Lo
kfg]{ u/L g]skf hfg' kg]{ wf/0ff /fVb}
eg]– …of] gofF :s'n xf], ljutsf] eGbf
km/s :s'n xf] . xfdL;Fu cfˆg}
Jojxf/af6 lgsflnPsf] 1fg 5,
o;nfO{ km]l/ Jojxf/df nfu" ug{
b'li6sf]0f wfl/nf] kfl//x]sf 5f}F .
b[li6sf]0fdf :ki6tf / j}1flgs
b[li6sf]0f agfpg :s'n ;+rfng
ul/Psf] xf] .Ú
g]tf e/t ;L]n] /fhgLlts qmflGt
k'/f gePsf] eGb} g]kfnL >lds hgtf
/ cd]l/sL ;fd|fHojfbaLr d'Vo
cGt/lj/f] w /x] s f] atfP . g] t f
e/tn] ;Dk"0f{ 9+un] Pd;L;L vf/]hL
ug{ cfjZos ePsf] klg atfP .
pb\3f6g sfo{qmddf g]skfsf
kf] l n6Jo" / f] ;b:o tyf :s' l nª
ljefusf k|dv ' e]if/fh ;Ln] :s'lnªsf]
;dotflnsf ;'gfpFb} ljutsf] eGbf
:s'lnª gofF ePsf] lhls/ u/] . pgn]
:s'lnª calwe/ gf}j6f bz{gzf:q,
cf7j6f /fhgLlts cy{zf:q, kfFrj6f
;dfh lj1fg, kfFrj6f ef}lts lj1fg
/ 5j6f j}1flgs ;dfhjfbsf u/L
hDdf #$ j6f lkl/o6 ;+rfng x'g]
hfgsf/L lbP .
:s'lnªdf k|lzIf0fsf] ?kdf g]tf
e/t ;L, e]if/fh ;L, c;n ;L, k|of;
;Lnufotsf k|lzIfsx?sf] ;xeflutf
/x]sf] 5 .
:s'lnª sfo{qmddf g]skfsf
s]Gb|Lo ;b:o tyf blIf0f s0ff{nL Jo"/f]
OGrfh{ ;+ u d ;Ln] :s' l nªnfO{
uDeL/tfk"j{s lng ;xefuLx?nfO{
lgb]{zg lbP . :s'lnªsf] pb\3f6g
sfo{qmddf :jfut dGtJo g]skf
alb{of lhNnf OGrfh{ lxdlzv/ ;Ln]
lbPsf lyP eg] sfo{qmdsf] ;+rfng
g]skfsf pQ/ afFs] lhNnf OGrfh{
sfof{no a'4gu/df a:g]5 .
a}7sdf g]skfsf :yfoL ;ldlt
;b:o clgn ;L, g]skf -dfs]_ sf
dx]Zj/ bfxfn, g]skf -P;_ sf huGgfy
vltj8f / h;kfsf g]tf k"0f{ a:g]t
;xefuL lyP .
k|lzIffyL{x?sf] pkl:ylt /x]sf] ljBfut
:s'lnª kmfu'g !^ ut]bl] v @) ut];Dd
;+rfng x'g] g]skf blIf0f s0ff{nL Jo"/f]n]
hgfPsf] 5 .
cfly{ s=====
h;kfsf d':tkmf cnL, g]skf -P;_
sf x]dGt sF8n] n] clgn ;Låf/f k|:t't
sfo{kqdfly l6Kk0fLd"ns wf/0ff /fv]sf
lyP . sfo{qmddf slj /fh]Gb| xdfnn]
sljtf jfrg u/]sf lyP . ;f] sfo{qmdsf]
cWoIftf lhNnf OGrfh{ tyf s]Gb|Lo
;b:o pT;j ;Ln] u/]sf lyP eg]
;~rfng ;"o{ ;Ln] u/]sf lyP .
sfo{qmddf pkl:yt ;a}nfO{ k"hf
;Ln] :jfut dGtJodfkm{t\ :jfut
u/]sf lyP . sfo{qmddf a'l4hLjL
clht kf}8]nn] dGtJo /fv]sf lyP
eg] klZrd lhNnf O~rfh{ lbg]z
;L, pBf]u jfl0fHo ;+3, /Tggu/sf
/fddgL yklnof, ko{6g Joj;foL w|j'
kf}8n
] nufot cltlyx¿sf] ;xeflutf
/x]sf] g]skf g]tf pT;j ;Ln] atfP .
;'gy/fnL=====
cWoIf g/]Gb| ;L, s0ff{nL d'VodGqL
/fhs' d f/ zdf{ , s0ff{ n L k| b ] z
k"j{d'VodGqL dx]Gb|axfb'/ zfxLn]
tfdemfdsf ;fy ljdfg:ynsf]
pb\3f6g u/]sf x'g\ .
cfOtaf/ tf/f Po/sf] ljdfg
cjt/0f u/]/ k/LIf0f u/]kl5 ;f]daf/
pkk| w fg tyf /IffdGqL k" 0 f{
v8\sf;lxtsf g]tfx?n] ljdfg:ynsf]
pb\ 3 f6g u/] s f x' g \ . g] k fn
Po/nfOG; / tf/f Po/sf b'O{j6f
hxfh cjt/0f u/L ljdfg:ynsf]
pb\3f6g u/]sf lyof] .
kfg;df aQL afn]/ ljdfg:ynsf]
pb\3f6g ub}{ pkk|wfg tyf /IffdGqL
5g\ . g]kfn sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ >lds ;d'bfo
df]rf{ s]lGb|o ljefuåf/f lah'jf/df
cjwf/0ff kq k|:t't u/]sf lyP .
cjwf/0ff kqdf ljifo k|jz ] sf] ?kdf
;dfh;]jL a'l4lhjL k|sfz ;'jb] L, d"lt{sf/
eLdaxfb'/ lj=s=nufotn] l6Kk0fL u/]sf
cfof]lht ækl/jlt{t ;Gbe{df >lds ;d:of, pTklQ, Oltxf;, jt{dfg / lyP . sfo{qmddf g]skfsf s]lGb|o ;b:o
;d'bfosf] cj:yf / bfloTj ljifosÚ eljioaf/], >lds ;d'bfon] ef]lu/x]sf tyf Ko"7fgsf OGrfh{ hfu[lt ;L, s]lGb|o
cGt/lqmof sfo{qmddf af]Nb} ;f] s'/f ;d:of, >lds ;d'bfodf ;d:ofsf k|ltlglw ;ldlt ;b:o tyf o'jf ;+u7g
atfPsf x'g\ . pgn] eg]– æuf]q, s'n / sf/0f, >lds ;d'bfosf] sfo{ef/ / ;L g]kfnsf s]lGb|o ;lrj ljZn]if0f ;L, s]lGb|o
sljnf ;dfh /Qm ;DaGwsf cfwf/df hflt tyf ;L ;dfhsf] :yfkgf / k|ltlglw ;ldlt ;b:o tyf g]skf k"jL{
st} ;fdfGo cfjZos h:tf] b]lvP klg ljsf;;DaGwL ljifox? ;d]l6Psf lyP . Ko"7fgsf ;]qm]6/L d':sfg ;L, klZrd
Pp6f ljrf/, gLlt / l;4fGtsf ?kdf sfo{qmddf k|:t't cjwf/0ff kqdfly Ko"7fgsf ;]qm]6/L kl/jt{g ;L, ;lxb
;fdGtL /fHo / wfld{s cGwljZjf;df s]xL jQmfx?n] ;s/fTds l6Kk0fL u/]sf kl/jf/ tyf kf6L{sf lhNnf ;NNnfxsf/
clNemPsf] ;dfhn] >lds ;d'bfodfly lyP . l6Kk0fLsf/x?sf] hft Joj:yf df]xg ;L, e"tk"j{ hgd'lQm ;]gf g]kfn
;r]ttfk"js { nflbPsf] cdfgjLo zf]if0f pGd"ngsf] nflu juL{o d'lQm g} Ps dfq Ko"7fgsf ;+of]hs gLltg ;Lnufosf]
bdg g} hftLo lje]b xf] . o;sf/0f ljsNk /x]sf] / juL{o d'lQm cfGbf]ngsf] pl:ylt /x]sf] lyof] . sfo{qmdsf] cWoIftf
;Dk"0f{ pTkL8g / vf;u/L hft Joj:yf g]tT[ j g]skfn] g} ug{k' g]d{ f hf]8 lbPsf s]lGb|o ljefu k|dv' ;Gtf]ifL ;L, :jfut
pGd"ngsf] Ps dfq ljsNk juL{o lyP . sfo{qmddf ;+oQ' m /fhgLlts blnt dGtJo uf]kLnfn ;L / ;'idf ;Lsf]
pTkL8gsf] cGTo g} xf] .Æ cGt/lqmof ;+3if{ ;ldltsf ;+of]hs hodg, g]kfn ;Grfngdf sfo{qmd ;DkGg ePsf] lyof] .
>4f~hnL;d] t JoQm u/] . o:tf] cj:yfnfO{ x]/]/ xKtfsf] Ps df3df tTsfnLg ko{ 6 gdGqL
ljdfg:ynsf] pb\3f6g eP;Fu} ca k6s lgoldt p8fg eg]{ k|lta4tf hLjgaxfb' / zfxLn] sRrL
cfjZostfcg';f/ lgoldt p8fgsf u/]sf] 5\g ls/fFtLn] eg] . ;fy} ;a} wfjgdfu{df k/LIf0f p8fg u/fP klg
nflu :yfgLo, k|b]z / ;+3 ;/sf/n] k|bz
] df g]kfn Po/nfOG;sf] Ps–Ps To;kl5 hxfh cfPsf] lyPg . slxn]
sfd ug]{ pgsf] k|lta4tf 5 . hxfh lbg] pgsf] pb\3f]if 5 . :yfg 5gf]6sf] ljjfb, slxn] ah]6
;f] cj;/df gful/s p•ogdGqL )$@ ;fnb]lv lgdf{0f ;'? ePsf] cefj t slxn] ;z:q åGåsf] c;/n]
ls/fFtLn] xKtfsf] Ps k6s ofq'sf] ljdfg:yn 8]9 jif{cl3 sfnf]kq] sfdn] ult lng g;s]sf] sf]6af8f
rfk x]//] p8fg eg]{ atfP . …sf]6af8f ;lsP klg pb\ 3 f6g gx' F b f ljdfg:yn kl5Nnf] ;dodf lkr eP/
dfq geP/ clxn] s0ff{nLsf lhNnfdf sflnsf]6jf;Lsf] …lrnuf8LÚ r9\g] klg hxfh gcfpg] ljdfg:ynsf
lgoldt p8fg x'g ;s]sf 5}gg\ . ;kgf k"/f x'g ;s]sf] lyPg . )&# ¿kdf rrf{df /x]sf] lyof] .
j}b]lzs /f]huf/df hf“bf sfuhftsf] k|ltlnlk 3/–kl/jf/df 5f]8f}+
j}bl] zs /f]huf/df hfFbf lgDg sfuhftsf] k|ltlnlk 3/df 5f]8f}+
Ø kf;kf]6{ / gful/stf,
Ø j}bl] zs /f]huf/ ljefuaf6 lnPsf] >d :jLs[lt,
Ø :jf:Yo k/LIf0f u/fPsf] lg/f]lutfsf] k|df0fkq,
Ø cled'vLs/0f lnPsf] k|df0fkq,
Ø Dofgkfj/ ;+:yfnfO{ lt/]sf] /sdsf] ekf{O,{
Ø /f]huf/bftf;Fu u/]sf] s/f/ ;Demf}tf,
Ø aLdf u/fPsf] sfuhft,
Ø sNof0fsf/L sf]ifdf /sd hDdf u/]sf] k|df0f,
Ø cfk"mn] ljb]zdf /xL sfd ug]{ sDkgLsf] gfd, 7]ufgf, ;Dks{ gDa/ /
sfdsf] ljj/0f,
Ø cfk"mnfO{ dxTjk"0f{ nfu]sf cGo sfuhftx? .
o:tf sfuhftn] j}bl] zs /f]huf/df s]xL ;d:of tyf sl7gfO{ ePdf ;dfwfg
ug{ ;lhnf] x'G5 .
g] k fn ;/sf/

lj1fkg af]8{
v8\sfn] nfdf] ;dokl5 lgs} ldlxg]t
lhDdf g]skfsf] /x]sf] atfP . /0flbk ;Ln] u/]sf lyP . / sl7g kl/l:yltsf afah' b
g]tf e/t ;L]n] b[li6sf]0f wfl/nf] :s'lnªsf] pb\3f6g sfo{qmdsf] ljdfg:ynsf] pb\3f6g u/]sf] atfP .
agfpgsf nflu :s'lnª sfo{qmdsf] cWoIftf Jo"/f] OGrfh{ ;+ud ;Ln] u/]sf ljdfg:yn lgdf{0fsf qmddf dfl/Psf
cfof] h gf ul/Psf] / l;4fGt / lyP . afFs,] alb{of, hfh/sf]6 / 8f]Nkf Ps gfafns;lxt #% hgf wflbª
Jojxf/n] bnfn k'FhLjfbnfO{ k5fl8 lhNnfsf sl/a $) a9L ;xefuL hf] l udf/fsf dhb' / k| l t pgn]
If]Kof:q k|sfzg s]Gb|åf/f k|sflzt, ;Dkfbs M /fh]Gb|k|;fb lrdf}l/of, sfof{no M yfkfufpF, sf7df8f}F, df]afOn M (*$!$)#*%!,
E-mail : chhepyastra@gmail.com,website: www.janakhabar.com d'bs
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