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a9\b} uPsf] ljifodf uDeL/ 5nkmn
ePsf] / oL tdfd ;d:of ;dfwfgsf
nflu ;dfhjfbL Joj:yfsf] ljsNk
gePsf] ljifodf 5nkmn ePsf]
atfOPsf] 5 .
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qmflGtsf/L / b]zeQm sDo'lg:6x?sf]
kxndf /fli6« o :jfwLgtf /
hgflwsf/nfO{ ;'lglZrt ug{' kg]{ /
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/fhgLlts k| l ta4tfx¿ dxf;lrj ljKnj ;Ln] ;dfhjfb :yfkgfkl5 aGg] d'lQm df]rf{ g]kfnsf cWoIf ;+3 k|;fb ;'lgn ;L, tfdfª d'lQm
lgDgadf]lhd /x]sf 5g\ . ;dfhjfbL ;+3Lotfn] clxn] b]zdf klxrfgsf nflu rln/x]sf df]rf{ g]kfnsf ;+of]hs k|]/s ;L, g]jf d'lQm df]rf{ g]kfnsf
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k|b]z / :yfgLo :t/sf] lgjf{rg ;DkGg ul/Psf 5g\ t/ o;n] b]z / hgftfnfO{ ljleGg xfFuf ljufdf 5l/Psf]
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5}g . zf;g Joj:yfdf bnLo / To;df klg u'6 ljz]ifsf] xflnd'xfnL rnfpg] ;femf zq' s] xf] eg]/ 5'6o\ fpg
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pgLx? cfˆgf] JolQmut / bnLo :jfy{eGbf dfly p7\g ;s]sf 5}gg\ .
olta]nf ;+;b\jfbL bnsf] efuj08fsf] /fhgLltn] b]z / hgtfsf] cl:tTj ;+s6df klg k'ln;n] y'lgb]nf ls h:tf] lx;fan] g]kfn ;fgf] xf]nf t/ cfly{s k| d ' v x?sf] km] / abn x' F b f ;xsf/L If] q n] ;d] t y] u e/f] ; f
k/]sf] 5 . /fi6«, /fli6«otf / hghLljsf lbgk|ltlbg ;+s6u|:t / si6s/ aGb} uPsf] 5 . jftfj/0f 5 . tkfO{+ eGg'xf];\ jf ljsf;sf] ;+efjgf / xfd|f] ljutsf] cd]l/sLx?sf] :jLs[lt rflxg] Joj:yf ulx/x]sf] 5 .
ls;fgn] v]tL ug{ ;dodf dn, aLp, ljBfyL{n] k9\gsf] nflu ;dodf kf7\ok':ts, geGg'xf];\ ;dfhjfb eGg] 6f]kL h;n] Oltxf;sf lx;fan] 6fpsf] lgx'/fpg' 5 . Tof] kl/of]hgf xfd|f] xf] ls cy{tGqsf] clxn]sf] ;d:of hf]
kLl8tn] cbfntaf6 plrt Gofo kfPsf 5}gg\ . zflGt ;'/Iff Psfb]zsf] sxfgL ePsf] / h;/L nufpFbf klg x'g] h:tf] eof] . kg]{ 7fpFdf xfdL 5}gf}F . oL tLg cf]6f cd]l/sfsf] xf] eg] s'/f olx Pp6f 5 ;flRrs} of] cfly{s dGbL xf] t <
5 cyf{t\ htf x]¥of] pt} eb|uf]nsf] l:ylt 5 . dxFuL, sfnf]ahf/L, clgoldttf / ;dfhjfbsf] cf–cfˆgf] JofVof klg s'/fdf kf6L{x?aLr ;femf wf/0f x'g] 36gfn] klg k'l:6 x'G5 . eGbf o;df b'O6f kf6f]af6 x]g{'k5{ .
e|i6frf/n] ;Ldf gf3]sf] 5 . Pd;L;Lh:tf] /fi6«3ftL ;Demf}tf ePsf] 5 eg] :6]6 kf6{g/;Lk 5 . ;femf zq'sf] af/]df h'g elgof], ljlQs} / ha xfdL cfly{s ?kdf jf olb xfdL cfGtl/s ?kdf Pp6f cy{tGqsf] xfd|f] cfGtl/s kIf
k|fu] f| d -P;kLkLkL_ h:tf] /fi6«3ftL ;Demf}tf ug{ ljleGg k|kGr ul/Fb5} . t/, o; Tof] eg]sf] s] xf] eg] h:tf] /fhtGq cfTdLs ?kdf alnof] x'G5f}F Tolta]nf Pstfa4 eP/ hfg] xf] eg] h:tf];s ' } / csf]{ afXo If]q . clxn] j}Fs
ljifodf ;/sf/, ;Qfwf/L / ;+;b\jfbL /fhgLlts bn / g]tfx?nfO{ s'g} lrGtf / rf;f] kmfNg] a]nf ;a} zlQmx? Pstfa4 eP/ s'gk} lg zlQmn] xNnfpg ;Qm}g . b'ZdgnfO{ klg k/flht ug{ ;lsG5 lnnfdLsf ;"rgfx? kqklqsfdf
/x]sf] b]lvFbg} . pgLx? t b]z / hgtfsf] ljifodf eGbf s;/L cfˆgf] n'6sf] :ju{ sfod cufl8 a9]sf lyP . h;/L /fhtGq /fhgLltdf h] af]lnPsf] 5 Tof] eGg] s'/f So'jf / leotgfdsf] k|z:t b]lvG5g\ . v/fa shf{ a9b}
/fVg] eg]/ bQlrQ eP/ nfu]sf 5g . h'g Hofb} 3[l0ft / lgGbgLo sfo{ xf] . ;+;b\jfbL tTsflng kl/l:yltdf ;femf b'Zdg x'g ;Sg] kl/l:ylt agfpgsf nflu pbfx/0fn] klg ;flat ul/;s]sf] 5 . uPsf] s'/f cfO/x]sf 5g\ . afXo
/fhgLlts bn / g]tfsf] o; lsl;dsf] xs{taf6 jt{dfg ;+;bLo Joj:yfaf6 b]z / lyof], clxn] To;/L g} ul/jL lj?4sf] hg:t/af6 klg bafa lbg h?/L To;}n] xfd|f] h:tf] b]zdf ;femf If]qsf klg b'O6f s'/fx? Pp6f rfn'
hgtfsf] d'lQm ;Dea 5}g eGg] k'li6 x'G5 . ;+3if{nfO{ ;femfF agfpg] xf] eg] ToxfFaf6 5 . h'g clxn] x'g ;ls/x]sf] 5}g . ljifodf ;femf 9Ën] g} cufl8 a9\g] vftf / csf]{ j:t' Jofkf/ . clxn]
To;sf/0f, !) jif]{ hgo'4 / !( lbg] hgcfGbf]ngsf] pknlAwsf] /Iff ug{ /
nf]stGqsf] gfddf eO/x]sf] n'6tGqnfO{ tTsfn aGb ug{sf] nflu g]skfn] eg]sf] sf]lx klg cnu x'g ufx}{ k5{ . /0fgLlts lx;fan] klg b]zsf] v'nf xf] eg] dfq} b]znfO{ kmfObf x'g ;S5 . Jofkf/ 3f6f t 5 t/ Tof] 36\b} cfPsf]
h:tf] j}1flgs ;dfhjfb :yfkgf ug{s ' f] lasNk 5}g, To;af6 dfq b]z / hgtfsf] clxn] xfdLn] t'?Gt} ;+;bLo l;dfgfnfO{ aGb ug]{ xf]Og sL lgodg ca clnslt b]zsf] cfly{s ljifodf 5 . ;]jf Jofkf/ h:tf] OlGhlgol/ª,
d'lQm ;Dej 5 . t;y{, b]z / hgtfnfO{ jt{dfg /fhgLlts ;+s6af6 d'Qm kfg{ g]kfn k|0ffnL kmfNg] s'/f uf¥of] eg] To;sf] ug]{ egf}+ . s]lx lbg cl3 ef/lto rrf{ ug{k' bf{ h:tf] s]lx ;do cl3 8S6/, 6«fG;kf]6]{zg h:tf s'/fx?
sDo'lgi6 kf6L{n] eg]h:tf] hgdt ;+ux| ug{s ' f] lasNk 5}g . To;sf/0f jt{dfg ;+;bLo ljsNkdf t'?Gt} s] x'g] t eGg] k|Zg ljb]z dGqL cfPkl5 pgn]` hlxn] % ;o ;xsf/Lx? ;d:ofu|:t 5g\ To;df klg yf]/ax't 3f6f 5 t/
Joj:yfsf] la36g u/L hgdt ;+ux| dfkm{t\ hgtfnfO{ Joj:yfsf] km};nf ug]{ clwsf/ cfOxfN5 . xfdLn] hgjfbL Joj:yf klg cfk"m g]kfn cfpFbf lrlgofFxF ?nfO{ eGg] s'/f ;/sf/n] g} elg/x]sf] 5 . 6«fG;km/df /fd|f] ePsf] eGg] 5 . ha
lbg'k5{ . h;sf nflu ;/sf/n] tTsfn hgdt ;+ux| sf] 3f]if0ff u/L To;nfO{ sfof{Gjog ljsNk xf] eGof} eg] s'g} csf]{ ;fyLn] 8fSg'kg]{ sf/0f s] xf] ´eg]/ k|Zg o;f] x'g'sf] k5fl8 c? w]/} sf/0fx? /]ld6]G; XjfQ} a9\of] ta rfn'vftf g}
ug{ k|ultzLn ;+oQ' m ;/sf/ u7g ug{' k5{ . h'g jt{dfg /fhgLlts ;+s6 ;dfwfgsf c? s'/f t l7s 5 t/ hgjfbL u/] . xfdL ;j{ef}d xf] eg] xfd|f]df ePklg Pp6f sf/0f eg]sf] ;xsf/Ldf gfkmfdf 5 eGg] 5 .
lglDt ;a}eGbf nf]stflGqs / ;a{dfGo lalw x'G5 . cGoyf nf]stGqsf] gfddf cem} Joj:yf t lhGbuL e/ ;xGg, dflGbg sf] cfpF5 / sf] hfG5, Tof] xfd|f] slt;Dd lgIf]k hDdf ug{ kfOg] eGg] -g]kfn /fi6« a}Ísf k"j{ ue{g/
n'6tGq df}nfpFb} hfg] / b]z k'gM åGådf km:g] lglZrt 5, r]tgf eof . eGg ;S5 . o;af/] s;/L hfg] :k:6 cfGtl/s dfdnf x'g'kg]{ xf]Og / < s'/fsf] lnld6]zg g} ePg . Psk6s 8f lbk]Gb|jxfb'/ If]qLn] @)*)df3
ug{ h?/L 5 . ;Qf /fhgLltdf /x]sf lsg x' F b } g To:tf] < Psk6s @% nfv;Dd l;df tf]Sg] s'/f lyof] !# ut] sf7df8f}dF f cfof]lht æjt{dfg
hftLo 5'jf5"tsf] cGTo ug{ ;L hflt kf6L{ / g]tfx?sf jLrdf s}of}F cGo
leGgtfx? x'g ;Snfg t/ tLg cf]6f
Pd;L;Laf/] Pp6f ax;df emfqmL hL
/ uug yfkf lyP, plgx?nfO{ xfd|f]
t/ ;xsf/L leq 3';s ] f anjfgx?n]
Tof] l;dfnfO{ eTsfO lbP . a}s F x?df
;+s6 / ;dfwfg ljifosÆ cGts{o[ fdf
JoQm dGtJo . _
sf7df8f}F . g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{ sDo'lg:6 h:tf] x'g] / 3/df wfld{s x'g]
>lds ;d'bfo s]Gb|Lo ljefusf ;+of]hs å}w rl/q ckgfpg gx'g] atfP . s'/fx? b]zsf] cfly{s gLlt, ljb]z cy{ ;lrjsf] g]tT[ jdf /x]sf] Pd;LP art ubf{ eg] >f]t v'nfpg' kg],{ k|:t'ltM z]/axfb'/ ljZjsdf{
;Gtf]ifL ;Ln] g]kfndf hfltot e]befj csf{ cltly kf6L{ s]Gb|Lo ;b:o
cem} eO/fv]sf] atfpFb}, hftLo
5'jf5"tsf] cGTo ug{ g]kfn sDo'lg:6
kf6L{n] gjf}+ dxflwj]zgaf6 ;L hfltdf
?kfGt/0f u/] s fn] ;L hfltsf]
Pj+ D1 OGrfh{ lgª\df/ ;Ln] ;L hflt
eg]sf] Ps dfq} sDo'lg:6x?sf] hft
/xg] ul/ ;L hftL ;fDojfbL hftL
agfPsf] bfaL u/] .
‘/fli6«o d'lQm o'4 n8\g' kg]{ x'g ;S5’
sf7df8f} F . g] k fn sDo' l g:6 lxhf]sf] h:tf] k|ToIf dfq} gcfpg] lgsf; lgsfNg] ;xdlt ePsf] / afrg u/]sf lyP .
cjwf/0ffn] gofF ;+:s[ltsf] hu xfn]sf] g]kfndf cGt/hflto ljjfx u/]sf kf6L{sf s]Gb|Lo ;b:o tyf d]rL Ao"/f] a? g] k fns} bnfnx? dfkm{ t \ ;fd|fHojfb of] ;xdlt ef+8/] g]kfnnfO{ sfo{qmddf pkl:yt g]skf Pdfn],
atfPsL 5g\ . ;+;bLo >lds ;d'bfosf ?s'dsf gj/fh ljs, sfe|s ] f clht OGrfh{ ;'dgl;+x ;Ln] g]kfnL hgtfn] ;fd|fHojfb clxn] cfO/x]sf] atfP . cl:y/ kfg{ v]ln/x]sf] cf/f]k nufP . g]skf -dfcf]jfbL s]Gb|_, g]kfnL sf+u;
]| ,
/fli6«o d'lQm o'4 n8\g' kg]{ cj:yf ;'dgl;+x ;Ln] jt{dfg Aoj:yfsf] pgn] o;sf] 86]/ ;fdgf ug{ cfˆgf] a'l4hLljnufot ljleGg k|ltlglwx?n]
cfpg nfu]sf] eGb} ;r]t u/fPsf cGTo u/]/ clxn]sf] eGbf cu|ufdL kf6L{ tof/ /x]sf] klg atfP . cf–cfˆgf] wf/0ff k|:t't u/]sf lyP .
5g\ . cfO{tjf/ l;Gw'nL lhNnfsf] g] k fnL laz] i ftfsf] ;dfhjfb kf6L{sf s]Gb|Lo ;b:o zzL ;Ln] ;a} jQmfx?n] g]skfn] /fi6«sf] af/]sf]
b' w f} n L gu/kflnsfdf cfof] l ht :yfkgfsf] lglDt ;Dk"0f{ cu|ufdL / sfo{qmddf ;xhstf{sf] e"ldsf v]ns ] f lnPsf] lrGtf / k|oTg ;sf/fTds
…jt{dfg /fli6«o ;+s6 / o;sf] lgsf;Ú b]zeQmx? tof/ x'g' kg]{ atfP . pgn] lyP . kf6L{sf s]Gb|Lo k|ltlglw ;ldlt ePsf] atfP . g]kfnsf ;a} cu|ufdL
ljifos cGt/lqmof sfo{qmdnfO{ tLg a'bF ] ;xdlt /fhgLlts ;+s6sf] ;b:o nId0f ;Ln] cjwf/0ff kq zlQmx? Ps x'gs ' f] ljsNk gePsf]
;Daf]wg ub}{ pgn] ;a}nfO{ ;r]t pgLx?sf] egfO lyof] .
agfPsf x' g . pgn] cd] l /sL
;fd|fHojfb Pd;L;L / P;kLkL x'bF }
o'4 NofP/ g]kfn k|jz ] u/]sf] / o;sf]
k| l tjfbdf l5d] s L rLg klg
;NanfPsf] atfP .
g]tfx? cj;/jfbL ePsfn] klg blnt ldhf/sf ;fy} ef/tnufot ljZjdf w]/} …cd]l/sf g]kfnsf b]zeQm /
cfGbf]ngn] ult lng g;s]sf] atfOg\ . b]zdf hftLo lje]bsf sf/0f dfG5]x¿n] sDo' l g:6x?nfO sTn] c fd ug{ ,
pQm sfo{qmdsf k|dv ' cltly csfndf Hofg u'dfO/x]sf] eGb} o; k|fs[lts >f]t sAhf ug{ / cd]l/sL
jf6/n] dfG5]n] agfPsf] lje]bsf/L ;Gbe{df g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{n] Psn k|e'Tjsf] r'gf}tLsf] ?kdf
;+:s[ltnfO{ tf]8g\ h?/L /x]sf] / hft uDeL/tfk"js { hflto lje]bsf] cGosf] pbfPsf] rLg la?4 ;}Go bafa a9fpg
Joj:yfn] blnt ;d'bfo dfq xf]Og, ;a} nflu nl8/x]sf] atfP . g]kfnL ljz]iftfsf] g]kfndf k|jz ] u/]sf] 5Ú pgn] eg],
hfltnfO{ ;d:ofdf kfl//x]sf] wf/0ff /fVb} ;dfhjfbn] dfq ;a} lje]bsf] cGTo x'g] …/fhfjfbLsf] gfddf b]zeQmx?nfO
cGwljZjf;, cefj, ul/aL, clzIffn] wf/0ff ;d]t pgn]] /fv] . e|ldt ug{ / g+of u5f}+{ eGg] gfddf
wd{sf] ;+/If0f ul/Psfn] o;sf] cGTo sfo{qmd ljefusf ;b:o xl/ ;Ln] jt{dfg Aoj:yfaf6 cflht hgtfnfO{
ug{ Psh'6 eP/ n8\g' kg]{ atfP . ;+rfng u/]sf lyP eg] :jfut dGtJo e|ldt ug{ / olx ;+s6sf] aLraf6
sDo'lg:6 ;+:sf/ ;+:s[ltn] ;L ;Eotf lhNnf ;]qm]6/L ljj]s ;Ln] /fv]sf lyP . gj h]n]lG:sx?sf] hGd u/fpg
lgdf{0f ub}{ u/]sfn] casf] k|lt:kwf{ To;}u/L ;f]xL sfo{qmd ;dfkg;Fu} s[i0fxl/ cd]l/sf k|oTgzLn /x]sf] 5 .Ú
sDo'lg:6 ;L ;Eotf / cfWofTdjfbL kl/of/ ;+of]hs / k"0f{dfof, nId0f kl/of/ pgn] o:t} x'bF } uof] eg] s]xL ;do
;+:s[ltsf] n8fO xf] / lj1fgsf] g} hLt ;x;+of]hsTjdf ( ;b:oLo >lds kl5 g]kfndf klg h]nG] :sLx? b]lvg]
x'g] ;'lgZrt ePsf] ljrf/ JoQm u/] . ;d'bfo df]rf{sf] lhNnf e]nf cfof]hs ;+s6] ub}{ g]kfn g+of o'qm]g aGg] bfaL
sDo'lg:6 sfo{stf{ kf6L{df cfpFbf ;ldlt ;d]t u7g ul/Psf] 5 . u/] . pgn] cfhsf] ;fd|fHojfb
 @)*) ;fn df3 @* ut] cfOtaf/
hgo'4sf] ;+emgf / ck"/f sfo{ef/x?
cfhsf] Pslbgkl5 kmfu'g Psut]
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h'g o'4 g]kfn sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ -
dfcf]jfbL_ / g]kfn ;/sf/aLr @)%@
b]lv @)^@ ;fn;Dd rn]sf] lyof] .
8f= s]zj b]jsf]6f
cfh klg sltko sDo'lgi6 g]tf tyf
sfo{stf{x? b]zsf ljleGg h]ndf
y'gfdf /x]sf 5g\ . tTsfnLg cj:yfdf
nufOPsf em'7f d'2fx? xfn;Dd klg
lkmtf{ x'g ;s]sf 5}gg\ . a? xKt}lkR5]
dfcf]jfbL g]tf tyf sfo{stf{x?dfly
kqmfp k'hL{ sf6\g] qmd hf/L /x]sf] 5 . cfh kms]/{ x]bf{
hgo'4sf] k|dv ' p2]Zo / nIo s] lyof]:y: < eGg] lålawfx?
l;h{gf x'g yfn]sf 5g\ . uf]nd]r ;Dd]ng, ;+oQ' m ;/sf/ u7g,
;+ljwfg;ef r'gfjsf] d'2f cl3 ;fb}{ cufl8 a9]sfx? PsfPs
vf/]h u/]sf] 5 .
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;xdlt ug]{x?n] )&@ df 3f]if0ff
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aGb ug{'k5{ . ;'/Iff P]gnufot ;a}
bdgsf/L sfo{x? vf/]h ul/g'k5{ .
u}/Goflos?kdf kqmfp ul/Psfx?nfO{
tTsfn l/xf ul/g'k5{ . ;a} em'6f
d'2fx? t'?Gt lkmtf{ lng'k5{ . /fHo
;fdfGo dfux? k"/f ePsf] 3f]if0ff
ug{ ;lsg] / k"/f u/fpg k|of; ug{
;lsg] cj:yf /x]sf] 5 . t/, tL
dfusfaf/]df ;fdfGo rrf{;d]t x'g
5f8]sf] 5 . pSt dfunfO{ cfhsf]
cj:yfdf bf]xf]¥ofP/ k9\bf tL cfh
klg Tolts} ;fGble{s / g]kfn /
g]kfnLsf] lxtsf nflu k"/f gu/L gx'g]
vfnsf /x]sf 5g\ . )%@–)^@ sf]
hgo'4sfnLg cjwLdf ;a{;fwf/0f
gful/s, dfcf] j fbL g] t f tyf
sfo{stf{, ;]gf / k|x/Lnufotsf
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d[To'ePsf] tYof+s /x]sf] 5 . Tolta]nf
/fi6«sf] slt wg ;Dkltsf] gf]S;fgL
eof], To;sf] n]vfhf]vf e}/x]sf] 5}g .
u|fdL0f If]qsf dflg;x?sf] cfGtl/s
lj:yfkgsf] 36gf sxfnLnfUbf] 5 .
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dflg;x?sf nflu a]kQf 5fglag /
;To lg?k0fsf nflu b'O{ 5'§f5'§}
cfof]u ag]sf lyP .
;To lg?k0f tyf d]nldnfk
cfof]udf ^$ xhf/ ph'/Lx? btf{ePsf]
elgPsf] lyof] . a]kQf cfof]ucGtu{t
k/]sf elgPsf tLg xhf/eGbf a9L
ph'/Lx?sf] cj:yf s] 5, To;sf] s'g}
cQf]kQf] x'g;s]sf] 5}g . cfh klg
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g]kfnL ljz]iftfsf] ;dfhjfb clgafo{
sf7df8f}F . g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{sf kf]ln6Ao'/f] ;b:o cfhfb ;Ln] g]kfndf
b]lvPsf ;a} ;d:of / ;+s6 e"d08nLs[t k'h F Ljfbåf/f ;+/lIft bnfn ;+;bLo
Joj:yf ePsf] atfpFb} o;sf] ;dfwfgsf nflu g]kfnL ljz]iftfsf] ;dfhjfb
nfu" ug{'kg]{ atfPsf 5g\ .
g]skf bfªn] a'waf/ 3f]/fxL –@ /fdk'/df cfof]hgf u/]sf]] …b]zsf] jt{dfg
/fhgLlts ;+s6, /fHosf] if8\oGq / o;sf] ;dfwfgÚ ljifos cGt/lqmof
sfo{qmdnfO{ ;Daf]wg ub}{ pgn] ;f] s'/f atfPsf x'g\ .
g]tf cfhfb ;Ln] g]kfnsf] /fli6«otf Oltxf;s} sdhf]/ alg/x]sf] atfP .
pgn] /fli6«otf sdhf]/ x'Fbf j}b]lzs x:tIf]k r/dr'nLdf k'u]sf] eGb}
Pd;L;Ldfkm{t\ cd]l/sf g]kfndf k|j]z u/]sf] pb\3f]if u/] .
To:t} sfo{qmddf kf6L{sf s]Gb|Lo ;b:o tyf k"jL{ bfªsL O~rfh{ ;Demgf
;Ln] clxn]sf] ;+s6sf] d'Vo ;|f]t e"d08nLs[t k'FhLjfb ePsf] atfOg\ .
e"d08nLs[t k'h F LjfbnfO{ dnhn ug]{ bnfn ;+;bLo Joj:yf c;kmn eO;s]sf]
atfpFb} g]tf ;Demgfn] o;n] hgtfsf] lxtdf geP/ k'FhLjfbLx?sf] lxtdf
sfd u5{ eGg] cfh ;xL ;fljt ePsf] s'/fdf hf]8 lbOg\ .
kf6L{ k"jL{ bfª ;lrjfno ;b:o r'nj' f ;Lsf] :jfut dGtJoaf6 ;'? ePsf]
sfo{qmddf g]kfnL sf+u; ]| sf n'lDagL k|bz
] ;ef;b:o r"8fdl0f cfrfo{, ;dfh;]jL
v]d/fh vgfn, xl/ l/hfn, dfcfjfbL s]Gb| lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt ;b:o n]vf
/fgf, PsLs[t ;dfhjfbL j8f cWoIf d]3axfb'/ v8\sf, dfcf]jfbL s]Gb|sf j8fWoIf
;'/G] b| rf}w/L, ;dfh;]hL zDe' kf]v/]n, j'l4hLlj gf/fo0f yfkf / k"0f{axfb'/ dNnn]
sfo{kqdfly l6Kk0fL;lxt cfˆgf] wf/0ff /fv]sf JoQm u/]sf lyP .

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ljleGg cf/f]kdf d'l5/x]sf 5g\ .
gd'l5g\ klg lsg < bnfnLn] ;+;b
el/Psf] 5 . 3/hUuf bnfnL, ;]o/
bnfnL, d]l8sn If]qsf dflkmof,
;xsf/L If]qsf bnfnL, oftfoft
bnfnL, lgdf{0f If]qsf bnfnLnufotn]
;+;b el/k"0f{ 5 .
/fli6«o :jtGq kf6L{sf ;efklt
/lj nfld5fg] ;xsf/L sf08df
d'l5Psf 5g\ . otf, g]kfnL sf+u; ]| af6
;f+;b ag]sf 8n/ cj{klt Pj+
ljjfbf:kb Joj;foL ljgf] b
rf}w/Ldfly ;/sf/L hUuf lxgfldgfsf]
cf/f]k nflu;s]sf] 5 . /fHonfO{
ltg{'kg]{ s/;d]t 5nL u/]sf] cf/f]k
rf}w/L u|'kdfly nfUb} cfPsf] 5 .
b]z agfpg xf]Og\, cfkm\gf] sf08
n'sfpg ;f+;b ag]sf] t k|i6} ePsf]
5 . ;+;b rn]klg cj:yf ToxL g}
5 . hlta]nf klg h'xf/L rln/x]sf]
x'G5 . Pp6f kf6L{n] csf]{dfly lxnf]
5\ofKg]afx]s s]xL pknlAw xfl;n x'g
;s]sf] 5}g . sfg'g agfpg ;bgdf
k'us] fx? hgtfsf] ljifodf af]Nb}gg\,
xfd|f] kf6L{ o:tf]p:tf] eGb} u'gufg
ufP/ lgl:sG5g\ .
clwsf+ z ;do ;+ ; b
…lrl8ofvfgfÚ h:tf] b]lvG5 . ;QfkIf
xf];\ of ljkIf, sf]xL klg hgtfk|lt
clnslt klg lhDd]jf/ b]lvFb}gg\ .
b]z / hgtfsf nflu pgLx?n] slxn]
klg uDeL/ eP/ af]ng] g\ . ;xsf/Ln]
artstf{nfO{ w'?w'? ?jfPsf] 5 .
nfvf}+ artstf{sf] v/\af}+ ?k}ofF
;xsf/L ;~rfnsn] vfOlbP .
artstf{x?sf] …laNnLaf7Ú ePsf]
5 . t/, ;f+;bx? o;ljifodf r'OSs
af]Nb}gg\ . cfkm\gf] lhGbuLe/sf] sdfO
8'a]sf] tgfj ;xg g;s]/ sltkon]
cfTdxTofsf] af6f] /f]h]sf 5g\ .
sltko l8k| ] z gdf uPsf 5g\ .
;xsf/L sf08df hf]l8Psf] ;f+;b klg
;bgd} 5g\ . t/, of] ljifodf cGo
;f+;bsf] d'v vf]Nb}g\ . b]zdf cfly{s
dGbL 5 . ;6/x? wdfwd vfnL
eO/x] s f 5g\ . sf] 7 f 5f] 8 ] /
;j{;fwf/0f cfkm\g} ufpF3/ kmls{Psf
5g\ . 3/hUUff, ;] o /, uf8Lsf]
sf/f]af/df k"/} dGbL cfPsf] 5 .
;j{;fwf/0fnfO{ laxfga]ns ' f 5fs 6fg{
klg ;d:of ePsf] 5 .
/f]huf/Lsf nflu b]z 5f]8\g]sf]
nsf]{ nfu]sf] 5 . lqe'jg cGt/f{li6«o
ljdfg:yndf g]kfnLsf] cfFzs ' f] wf/f
alu/x]sf] 5 . ljdfg:yndf lbgx'F
vf8L l5g]{sf] eL8 b]lvG5 . :jb]zd}
s]xL u5{' eGg]x? klg clxn] lg/fz
5g\ . sfd u/]sf] 7fpFaf6 tna
kfO/x]sf 5}gg\, sfdbf/n] . dFxuLn]
hgtfsf] 9f8 ;]lsPsf] 5 . af6f]df
dfUg]x? 5\ofK5\ofKtL b]lvG5 . t/,
;f+;bx?nfO{ s'g} dtna 5}g . hgtf
s' g ;d:ofaf6 h' l w/x] s f 5g\ ,
ltgnfO{ rf;f] 5} g . g] k fnLn]
ljb]zaf6 k7fPsf] /]ld6\ofG; / b]z
lwtf] /fv]/ lnPsf] C0faf6 tnaeQf
vfg]x?nfO{ hgtfsf] s] dtna <
pgLx?nfO{ a;\ cfkm\gf] wf]qmf] eg{ kfP
x'G5 . ;j{;fwf/0fnfO{ laxfg vfP
a]n'sf s] vfpmF eGg] lrGtf 5 . t/,
;f+;bx?nfO{ Toqf] ;]jf;'ljwf lbFbf
klg k'us ] f] 5}g . sltko ;f+;b d'v
vf]n]/} olthfaf] tnaeQfn] s] x'G5,
eG5g\ < sfd g} gu/L al;al; Toqf]
tnaeQf / ;]jf;'ljwf kfPsf 5g\ .
t}klg, pgLx?nfO{ yk dfUg nfh
nfUb}g\ . b]zsf] cy{tGq ;d:ofdf
5 eGg] s'/f e'/fb]lv a'9f;DdnfO{
yfxf 5 . cfDbfgLeGbf vr{ w]/} /x]sf]
/ ;/sf/n] C0f lnPsf] wflg/x]sf]
ljifox? kl5Nnf] ;do Jofks aflx/
cfO/x]sf] 5 . oBlk, of] ljifodf
;f+;bx? df}g 5 . pgLx?nfO{ b]z
a]r/] ePklg tnaeQf / ;]jf;'ljwf
hf] rflxPsf] 5 clg lsg af]Ny]+ <
hgtfn] vr{ s6f}tL ug{k' g]{ dfu /fVb}
cfPsf 5g\ . t/, ;f+;bx? rfFlx yfxf
kfP/ klg gkfPem}+ u5{g\ . hgtfn]
lt/]sf] s/n] ;/sf/sf] vr{ wflgFb}g\
clg ljsf; s;/L x'G5 < of] u5{',
Tof] u5{' eGg]x?n] o;sf] hjfkm lbg
;S5g\ < b] z n] km8\ s f] dfg{ t
cy{ t Gq alnof] x' g ' k ¥of] .
cy{tGqrfFlx l3l6l3l6sf] cj:yfdf
5 . hgtfnfO{ e|ddf /fVg] clg cfk"m
vfO/xg]lt/ dfq ;f+;bx? s]lGb|t
5g\ . hgtfn] logLx?af6 s]xL ck]Iff
g/fv]klg x'G5 . s'g} klg ;f+;b;Fu
cfkm\gf] wf/0ff /fVg] lxDdt 5}g .
kf6L{n] h] h] eg]sf] 5, ToxL ToxL
;'gfpF5g\ . Tof]afx]s pgLx?n] Ps
zAb a9L af]Nb}gg\ . km]l/ ef]ln l6s6
hf] rflxPsf] 5 . kf6L{sf emf]n]x?n]
b]z agfpg] efif0f 7f]S5g\ . h'g
cfkm}d+F f xf:of:kb 5 . jt{dfg ;bgn]
g]kfnnfO{ :j?k lbg] xf]Og\, g]kfnnfO{
;sfpg]rfFlx k|i6} 5 .

;ft dlxgfdf !#,##) ;fOa/ ck/fwsf ph'/L Û 6«flkms sf/afxLaf6 *) s/f]8 cf]Pgcf] l;/k laqmLdf /f]s
sf7df8f}F . rfn" cfly{s jif{sf]
;fpgb]lv df3 @# ut];Dd g]kfn
k| x /Lsf] ;fOa/ Ao' / f] d f ;fOa/
ck/fw;DaGwL !# xhf/ ##) j6f
ph'/L k/]sf 5g\ . tLdWo] ;fdflhs
;~hfn;DaGwL !! xhf/ $@% j6f
/x]sf 5g\ . To:t} ;"rgf k|ljlw;Fu
;DalGwt ljQLo ck/fw;DaGwL Ps
xhf/ ()% j6f ph'/L /x]sf] k|x/L
k|wfg sfof{non] hgfPsf] 5 . ;fOa/
ck/fwdf d'2f rn]sfdWo] xfn;Dd
%! hgf kqmfp k/]sf] k|x/L k|jQmf
k|x/L gfoa dxflg/LIfs -8LcfO{hL_
eLdk|;fb 9sfnn] hfgsf/L lbP .
pgsf cg';f/ ljleGg lsl;dsf gUg
tl:a/df JolQmsf] d' x f/ hf] 8 L
;fdflhs ;~hfndf /fVg], cZnLn
kmf] 6 f] tyf lel8of] ;fdflhs
;~hfndf k|sflzt ug]{, c¿sf]
;"rgf cfˆgf] lgoGq0fdf lnO{ lkm/f}tL
dfUg], ;fdflhs ;~hfndf cGo
JolQmsf] gfd tyf tl:a/ k|of]u u/L
k|fk] mfOn k]h vf]n/] a]OHht ug]{ tyf
b'Mv x}/fgL lbg], ;/sf/L tyf cGo
;+3;+:yfsf] j]a;fO6 Xofs ug]{ /
cgnfOg 7uL ug]{ h:tf k|jl[ Q xfn
;fOa/ ck/fwdf b]lvPsf 5g\ .
;"rgf k|ljlwsf] ljsf; / k|of]u;Fu}
b]lvg] o:tf k|jl[ Q / ck/fwsf gofF
z}nLn] ;fOa/ ck/fw cg';Gwfg
sfo{nfO{ r'gf}tL ylkPsf] k|x/Lsf] egfO
5 . k|x/Ln] ;fOa/ ck/fwLnfO{ sfg"gL
bfo/fdf Nofpg] / ;fOa/ Ao'/f]nfO{
cem k|efjsf/L agfpFb} cg';Gwfg /
sf/afxLnfO{ tLj|tf lbg] cleofg
rnfPsf] pgsf] egfO 5 .
?k}of“ /fh:j ;+sng Û
o;} cjlwdf btf{ ePsf
ph'/LdWo] ;fdflhs ;~hfntkm{
km];a's, Dof;]Gh/sf] b'?kof]usf (
xhf/ #%), l6s6ssf ^^&,
OG:6«fu|fdsf $#@, O{–;]jfsf !(),
Od]nsf *), o'6o\ a' sf #(, efOa/sf
!^, Odf], l6\j6/ / j]a;fO6 Xoflsªsf
^/^ tyf cGotkm{ !!* j6f /x]sf]
k|x/L k|wfg sfof{non] hgfPsf] 5 .
o;}u/L ;"rgf k|ljlw;Fu ;DalGwt
ljQLo ck/fwtkm{ cgnfOg ;lkªsf
$^), ;fdflhs ;~hfn Xofssf
$)#, pkxf/ tyf k};f k7fPsf];DaGwL
@^$, a}+s tyf jfn]6 clkm;af6
af]ns ] f] jf PsfpG6 Xofssf !%@,
lqmK6f];uF ;DalGwt (%, ;fdflhs
;~hfn km]s cfO{8L ^&, df:6/ sf8{
tyf dgL PS;r]Gh;d]tsf ^!,
j}bl] zs /f]huf/sf] k|nf]egsf #*,
lel8of] z]ol/ª / ANofsd]lnª tyf
cgnfOg hflu/ tyf sf]7f vf]hL
lbg]tkm{ #%÷#%, n6«L k/]sf] k|nf]eg
b]vfO 7uL u/]sf ## / cGotkm{ @^@
j6f d'2f /x]sf 5g\ .
cfly{s jif{ @)&(÷*) df ;fOa/
ck/fwsf] d'2f btf{sf] tYof+s ljZn]if0f
ubf{ kLl8tsf] pd]/ ;d"x @^ b]lv #%
/ kL8ssf] pd]/ !( b]lv @% jif{sf]
w]/} ;+Vof /x]sf] kfOPsf] 5 . o;af6
ck/fwdf kg]{ pd]/ ;d"x jo:s, hfg]
a'em]sf] g} w]/} b]lvG5 . kL8ssf] pd]/
kLl8tsf] eGbf sd b]lvG5 . o;sf]
cy{ a9L cfj]u / pQ]hgfdf ck/fw
u/]sf] k|x/Lsf] cg';Gwfgn] b]vfPsf] 5
sf7df8f}F . 6«flkms sf/afxLaf6
emG8} *) s/f]8 ?k}ofF /fh:j ;Íng
ePsf] 5 . rfn' cfly{s jif{sf] k|yd
^ dlxgfdf b]ze/ ePsf] 6«flkms
sf/afxLaf6 &( s/f]8 &! nfv $$
xhf/ *%@ ?k}ofF /fh:j ;Íng
ePsf] xf] .
^ dlxgfsf] cjlwdf !) nfv
%@ xhf/ %% ljleGg ;jf/L
;fwgnfO{ sf/afxL u/L pQm /fh:j
;Íng ul/Psf] lyof] . pQm
/fh:jdWo] sf7df8f}F pkTosfaf6
? #@ s/f]8 ## nfv &) xhf/,
sf]zL k|b]zaf6 ? & s/f]8 *&
nfv @ xhf/ ($#, dw]; k|b]zaf6
? !) s/f]8 % nfv %* xhf/
()!, afudtL k|b]zaf6 ? & s/f]8
** nfv $) xhf/, u08sL
k|b]zaf6 ? * s/f]8 !* nfv &^
xhf/ 5, n'lDagL k|b]zaf6 ? (
s/f] 8 #* nfv ^$ xhf/ @,
s0ff{nL k|b]zaf6 ? ! s/f]8 %^
nfv $% xhf/ / ;' b " / klZrd
k|b]zaf6 ? @ s/f]8 $@ nfv **
xhf/ ;Íng ePsf] xf] .
o;}u/L 6«s÷6\ofªs/af6 ? !%
s/f]8 !( nfv (% xhf/ $)),
a;÷ldlga;af6 ? ( s/f]8 @)
nfv %)), sf/÷lhk÷Eofgaf6 !*
s/f]8 ? () nfv &^ xhf/ *)^,
6«ØfS6/af6 ? @ s/f]8 ** nfv
!^ xhf/, df]6/;fOsnaf6 ? #!
s/f]8 !& nfv #$ xhf/ %$^ /
6]Dkf] tyf cGoaf6 ? @ s/f]8 %#
nfv @! xhf/ ^)) /fh:j ;Íng
ePsf] xf] .
dfbskbfy{ ;]jg u/L ;jf/L
rnfpg], tLj| utLdf ;jf/L rnfpg],
n]g cg'zf;g eË ug]{, IfdtfeGbf
a9L ef/÷ofqL /fVg], hyfefjL kfls{ª
ug]{, tf]lsPsf] eGbf a9L ef8f lng],
cfjZos sfuhft tyf ;jf/L rfns
cg' d ltkq gePsf nufot
sf/afxLaf6 pQm /sd ;Íng
ul/Psf] xf] .
s] G b| L o k| x /L ;dfrf/sIfsf
cg';f/ ;f] cjlwdf sf/afxLdf k/]sf
!) nfv %@ xhf/ %% ;jf/L
;fwgdWo] 6«s÷6\ofªs/ Ps nfv
&) xhf/ *$@, a;÷ldlga; !
nfv ( xhf/ #&& j6f,
sf/÷lhk÷Eofg @ nfv ^! xhf/
^#^ j6f, 6«ØfS6/ $! xhf/ ^$!
j6f, df]6/;fOsn $ nfv #@ xhf/
(* j6f / 6]Dkf] tyf cGo #^ xhf/
$^! j6f /x]sf 5g\ . sf/afxLdf
k/]sf ;jf/L ;fwgdWo] ;a}eGbf a9L
df]6/;fOsn 5g\ .
g] k fn k| x /Ln] 6« f lkms
sf/afxLaf6 dfq geO sfg' g
sfof{ G jogsf] qmddf km} ; nf
sfof{ G jog, eG;f/ 5nLnufot
u}/sfg'gL ultljlw ug]x{ ¿af6 klg
/fh:j ;Íng ub}{ cfPsf] 5 .
sf7df8f}F . cf}iflw Joj:yf ljefun]˜ nf]d; kmfdf{:o'l6sN; k|flnn] pTkfbg
u/]sf] cf]Pgcf] l;/k laqmLdf /f]s nufPsf] 5 . ljefusf] ;"rgfdf pQm
cf}iflwsf] ahf/af6 gd'gf NofP/ k/LIf0f ubf{ dfkb08cg';f/ gkfOPsf]
kfOPsf] pNn]v 5 . ahf/ cg'udgsf qmddf NofOPsf] cf}iflw Joj:yf
ljefun] nf] d ;
kmfdf{:o'l6sN; k|flnn]
pTkfbg u/]sf] cf]Pgcf]
l;/k laqmLdf /f] s
nufPsf] 5 . ljefusf]
;"rgfdf pQm cf}iflwsf]
ahf/af6 gd'gf NofP/
k/LIf0f ubf{ dfkb08
cg' ; f/ gkfOPsf]
kfOPsf] pNn]v 5 .
ahf/ cg' u dgsf
qmddf NofOPsf]
ONO123 Aofrsf]
gd"gf /fli6«o cf}iflw
k|of]uzfnfdf k/LIf0f
ubf{ dfkb08 cg';f/ gkfOPsf] eGb} laqmLdf /f]s nufOPsf] xf] . pQm cf}iflw
jfsjfsL / pN6Lsf] pkrf/sf nflu k|of]u ul/G5 . ljefun] ut ;ftf klg
nf]d;n] pTkfbg u/]sf] ;]6f]km]g -Kof/fl;6fdf]n_ 6\ofjn]6sf] CT–2023
Aofrsf] cf}iflw klg …8h g6 sDKnfOÚ eGb} ahf/af6 lkmtf{ -l/sn_ ug{
lgb]z
{ g lbPsf] lyof] .
ljefun] cf]Pgcf] l;/ksf] …lns]hÚsf] ;DjGwdf hfFra'em k|ltj]bg ;lxt
pBf]usf] d'Vo k|fljlwsnfO{ !% lbg leq ljefudf pkl:yt x'gsf nflu ;d]t
lgb]{zg lbPsf] 5 . Aofrsf] gd"gf /fli6«o cf}iflw k|of]uzfnfdf k/LIf0f ubf{
dfkb08 cg';f/ gkfOPsf] eGb} laqmLdf /f]s nufOPsf] xf] . pQm cf}iflw
jfsjfsL / pN6Lsf] pkrf/sf nflu k|of]u ul/G5 . ljefun] ut ;ftf klg
nf]d;n] pTkfbg u/]sf] ;]6f]km]g Kof/fl;6fdf]n 6\ofjn]6sf] CT–2023 Aofrsf]
cf}iflw klg …8h g6 sDKnfOÚ eGb} ahf/af6 lkmtf{ -l/sn_ ug{ lgb]{zg
lbPsf] lyof] . ljefun] cf]Pgcf] l;/ksf] …lns]hÚsf] ;DjGwdf hfFra'em
k|ltj]bg;lxt pBf]usf] d'Vo k|fljlwsnfO{ !% lbg leq ljefudf pkl:yt
x'gsf nflu ;d]t lgb]{zg lbPsf] 5 .
 @)*) ;fn df3 @* ut] cfOtaf/
jt{dfgdf ;+3if{sf df]rf{ / lgzfgfaf/] ;xL gLlt Û
cfh g]kfnsf] kl/l:ylt lxhf]sf]
eGbf emGemg\ hl6n, uDeL/ / ;+uLg
5 . k| l tudgsf/L /fhfjfbL
k| l ts[ o fjfbL / nf] s tflGqs
oyfl:yltjfbL k|lts[ofjfbLh:tf b'O{
zlQmsf aLrdf d"ntM b]z w|'jLs[t
gf/fo0f zdf{
k|ltudglj?4 n8\g] ;a} zlQmx?aLr
k|ltudgsf lj?4 cf–cfˆg} df]rf{af6 n8\g]
Pp6f ;xdlt u/]/ cf–cfˆgf leGg–leGg
df]rf{af6 k|ltudgsf/L ;fdGtL lg/+sz' tfjfbL
zlQmsf lj?4 k|xf/ ub}{ hfg] ug{' plrt /
cfjZos x'G5 . o;/L g} xfn ;Qf;Lg
;fd|fHojfb / ltgsf /fli6«o
cfTd;dk{0fsf/L bnfn zlQmx?sf lj?4
n8\g] b]zeQm / /fi6«jfbL elgg] zlQmx?n] klg cf–cfˆgf df]rf{af6
;fd|fHojfb / ltgsf bnfnx? Pj+ pgLx?sf] jt{dfg bnfn /fHo;Qf–
Joj:yfsf lj?4 k|xf/ s]lGb|t ug{' h?/L 5 .
))))
ljZjdf cfh ;fdGtjfb / /fhf–dxf/fhfx?sf] cl:tTj ls t ;fd|fHojfb;Fu 3fF6L
hf]8/] ar]sf] 5 ls t eg] :jod\ ltgsf] ljsf; ;fd|fHojfbd} eP/ g} /xg] u/]sf]
5 . o;qmddf xfdL ;Rrf cu|ufdL qmflGtsf/Lx?n] ;du| k|lts[ofjfbL ;+;b,
;/sf/ / ;Qf÷Joj:yfsf lj?4d} k|xf/ ub}{ ltgsf] :yfgdf gofF ;bg -
hgk|ltlglw ;ef_, /fli6«o hg;/sf/ / hgtfsf] /fli6«o / hgjfbL
;Qf÷Joj:yfsf] :yfkgf / ljsf; ug{sf] nflu n8\b} / a9\b} hfg' g} Ps dfq
/fd|f] / ;xL gLlt x'G5 . ;DalGwt ;a}n] uDeL/tfk"js { dgg / sfof{Gjog u/f}+ Û
e}/x]sf] 5 . jf:tjdf of] w|'jLs/0f
t /fi6« l j/f] w L k| l ts[ o fjfbL /
/fi6«lxtsf/L qmflGtsf/L zlQmh:tf
b'O{ ljk/Lt w|j' sf zlQmaLrdf x'gk' g]{
xf] . o:tf] gx'g' lj8Dagf ePsf] 5 .
h]xf];,\ oL b'O{ k|dv
' zlQmdWo]
klxnf] zlQm / k|jl[ Qn] /fi6«, /fli6«otf,
/fli6«o :jfwLgtf / ;fj{ef}ldstfsf]
;+/If0f / ;Da4{gsf] gf/f prfln/x]sf]
5 . ;fy} o;n] cfˆgf] ;gftg wd{–
;+:s[ltsf] /Iff / ljsf;sf] nflu
Pstfa4 eP/ n8\g] gLlt klg lnPsf]
5 . b]zelQm / /fi6«jfbsf] gf/f /
gfddf of] ;fdGtL k|ltlqmofjfbL zlQm
/ k|j[lQ PsLs[t / w|'jLs[t x'Fb}
kl5Nnf lbgx?df emGemg\ ;'b[9 /
;an ;d]t x'bF } uO/x]sf] 5 . To;}sf]
cf8df of] zlQm / k|j[lQn] clxn]
Pp6f n8fOF rs}{ ?kn] nl8/x]sf] /
cl3 al9/x] s f] klg 5 . o;n]
/fhg}lts, wfld{s, ;fdflhs /
;f+ : s[ l ts :jtGqtf ePsf]
/fHoJoj:yfsf] ?kdf k'/fg} /fhf,
/fhtGq / /fh;+:yf;lxtsf] lxGb'
wd{;fk]If /fi6« / PsLs[t–s]Gb|Ls[t
/fHoJoj:yfsf] lgdf{0f -k'g/fj[lQ_sf]
dfu ul//x]sf] 5 . ;f/ / ;du|df
eGg'kbf{ of] /fi6«jfbL elgg] zlQm /
k|jl[ Qn] cfˆgf] /fhgLlt / /fli6«otfsf]
>f]t, zlQm / cfwf/ O{Zj/, /fhf /
wd{h:tf k|ltufdL / ?9LjfbL ljrf/
/ zlQms]Gb|nfO{ agfpFb} ;fdGtL
lg/+s'ztGq / juL{o cfTd;dk{0f
cjnDag u/]sf] 5 .
o;/L g} bf]>f] zlQm / k|j[lQn]
jt{dfg ;+3Lo nf]stflGqs u0ftGqsf]
;+/If0f / ;Da4{g ub}{ cu|ufdL
lbzfdf cl3 a9\g] gLlt / gf/fsf
gfddf klxnf] zlQm / k|jl[ Qsf lj?4
cfˆgf] n8fOF hf/L / hl6n ePsf]
eGb} cem uDeL/ / lgd{d n8fO n8\g]
atfpF b } cfPsf] 5 . ;+ 3 Lo
nf]stflGqs u0ftGqsf] nflu n8]sf]
/ NofPsf]df uj{ ug]{ xfn nfnbnfn
tyf gjgf]s/zfxL k'FhLjfbL zlQm /
k|j[lQ;d]tn] nf]stGq / cfˆgf]
/fhgLltsf] >f]t, zlQm / cfwf/
j}b]lzs zlQms]Gb| vf;u/L OG8f]–
klZrdf ;fd|fHojfbnfO{ agfPsf] 5
cyf{ t \ nf] s tflGqs Joj:yfsf]
j} r fl/s cfwf/ gjpbf/jfbnfO{
agfpFb} /fli6«o cfTd;dk{0fjfbsf]
lbzfdf tLj| ultdf cl3 a9]sf] 5 .
b]zsf] o:tf] uDeL/ / ;+uLg df]8sf]
demwf/df ;Rrf b]zeQm / ;Rrf
nf]stGqjfbL÷sDo'lg:6
qmflGtsf/Lx?sf] cyf{t\ ;fdGtjfb–
;fd|fHojfblj/f]wLx?sf ljleGg ;fgf
/ sdhf]/ t/ pHHjn eljio af]ss ] f
/fi6«lxtsf/L ;dfhjfbL zlQm klg
plePsf 5g\ . oxfFg/] Pp6f of] s'/fdf
of] zlQm / o;sf kIfw/ zlQm–JolQm
/ g]tT[ j–JolQmTjx? :ki6 x'g' h?/L
5 ls hf] ;Rrf b]zeQm xf] Tof]
nf]stGqjfbL÷hgjfbL
(democratic) klg xf] / x'gk} 5{
eg] hf] ;Rrf nf]stGqjfbL xf] pm
b]zeQm (patriotic) klg xf] /
x'gk} 5{ . clg oL b'O{ zlQm cyf{t\
hgjfbL / b]zeQm zlQmx? cfk;df
Pstfa4 / df]rf{a4 eP/ dfq dfly
plNnlvt b'O{ d'Vo zlQm / k|jl[ Q
;fdGtjfb / ;fd| f Hojfbk/:t
zlQmx?sf lj?4 cyf{ t \ juL{ o
cfTd;dk{0f / /fli6«o cfTd;dk{0fjfbsf
lj?4 n8\g ;lsG5 . o;f] eof] eg]
dfq of] n8fOF ;Rrf b]zelQmk"0f{ /
;Rrf nf] s tflGqs÷hgjfbL jf
;dfhjfbL n8fOF x'G5 . o;/L dfq of]
tLj|, tLI0f, ;an / ;kmn;d]t x'G5
clg bLuf]–bx|f] ?kdf cl3 a9\5 .
cGoyf xfd|f] of] n8fOF hfg jf
cghfg?kdf ;Lwf jf 3'dfp/f] af6f]
eP/ l56f] jf l9nf] u/L cGttM /
;f/tM ljb]zL ;fd|fHojfbL–lj:tf/jfbL
zlQms]Gb|x?sf] k"0f{ lgoGq0fdf hfG5 .
To;kl5 t xfd|f] b]z, ;dfh / Joj:yf
cflb ;a}sf ;a} pgLx?s} cwLgdf
k'Ug hfg] cj:yf x'G5 . t;y{ /fli6«o
:jfwLgtf / hg:jtGqtfsf] clxn]sf]
of] xfd|f] n8fOF pk/f]Qm b'jy} /L d'Vo
hglj/f]wL / /fi6«lj/f]wL zlQm /
k|jl[ Qsf lj?4 s]lGb|t 5 / x'gk} 5{ .
o:tf] cj:yfdf /fli6«o :jfwLgtf
/ nf]stGq b'j}sf] /Iff / ljsf;sf]
nflu nl8g] cfhsf n8fOFdf k|foM
b'O{ tl/sf ckgfPsf] kfOG5 . Pp6f
tl/sf xf]– ;fdGtL k|ltudg / /fli6«o
cfTd;dk{ 0 fsf lj/f] w L cyf{ t \
;fdGtjfb / ;fd|fHojfblj/f]wL cyjf
egf} + juL{ o / /fli6« o
cfTd;dk{0fjfblj/f]wL ;Dk"0f{ zlQmx?
cyf{t\ sDo'lg:6, sfFu; ]| , b]zeQm,
/fi6« j fbL, dw] z jfbL, hfltjfbL,
If]qjfbLh:tf cfk"mnfO{ cu|ufdL
qmflGtsf/L, nf]stGqjfbL / b]zeQm–
/fi6«jfbL eGg] ;a}sf ;a} zlQmx?sf]
Pp6} df]rf{ agfP/ pk/f]Qm b'jy} /L
d'Vo b'Zdgx?lj?4 n8\g] cyf{t\
ædf]rf{ Ps / k|xf/sf] lg;fgf klg
Ps g}Æ agfP/ n8\g] tl/sf .
csf] { tl/sf xf] – ædf] r f{
km/s÷cg]s t/ k|xf/sf] lgzfgf pxL
PsÆ agfP/ n8\g] tl/sf cyf{t\
cu| u dgjfbL qmflGtsf/Lx?,
oyfl:yltjfbL nf]stGqjfbLx? /
/fhfjfbL /fi6«jfbLx? h:tf oL tLg
y/L zlQm / k|j[lQnufotsf cGo
ljleGg zlQm / k|jl[ Qx?x?n] cfcfˆg}
ljljw df]rf{x? agfP/ b]z / hgtfsf
oL b'jy} /L d'Vo b'Zdgx? ljz]iftM
;fd|fHojfb / ;fdGtjfbnfO{ lgzfgf
agfP/ k|xf/ ug]{ tl/sf .
cl3Nnf] tl/sf ckgfOPdf
qmflGtsf/L j}slNks ljrf/, af6f],
ljlw, Joj:yflksf / Joj:yf af]ss ] f
jfdkGyL / sDo'lg:6 qmflGtsf/Lx?
Pj+ oyfl:yltjfbL sfFu|]; / cGo
nf]stGqjfbL eGg]x? clg cfk"mnfO{
b]zeQm / /fi6«jfbL eGg] /fhfjfbL
k|ltudgsf/L cflb ;a} cfk;df
j[xt\ ¿kdf df]rf{a4 eP/ n8]df
ljut @)$^÷$& / @)^@÷^# sf
cfGbf]ngdf h:t} Psk|sf/sf] ;kmntf
t k|fKt ug{ ;lsPnf t/ To:tf] df]rf{
/ cfGbf]ngdf ;a} k|sf/sf zlQm /
k|jl[ Qx? 5\of;ld; x'g] x'gfn] jt{dfg
/ tfhf Oltxf;df ;d]t /fd|f] 5lj
gePsf oL zlQmx? / cGo ;Rrf
b]zeQm / qmflGtsf/L zlQmx? ;a}
Pp6} x'g\ eGg] e|d k5{ . kl/0ffdtM
unt 5lj ePsf /fi6«3ftL, lg/+s'z
/ e|i6 bnfnx? rf]VofOg] / pgLx?
g} ;Rrf qmflGtsf/L / ;Rrf b]zeQm
cyf{t\ ;fdGtjfb / ;fd|fHojfblj/f]wL
;Rrf zlQm, k|jl[ Q, JolQm–JolQmTj
/ g]t[Tjx?dfly xfjL e} ;Rrfx? g}
ls t abgfd x'g] ls t eg] cf]em]n
kg] { , sdhf] / x' g ] , pk] l Ift x' g ] ,
ckdflgt x'g] / ;QfRo"t g} x'g] x'G5
/ o:tf] x'Fb} cfPsf] xfd|f] cfˆg} klg
cg' e j 5 . olb qmflGtsf/L
ljsNkjfnf zlQmx? t'ngfTds ?kn]
a9L g} zlQmzfnL x'g] / g]t[Tj nf5L
/ sfo/ geP/ cGo zlQmx?dfly
xfjL x'g] cj:yf x'GYof] eg] klg ;+st]
…oL ;a} Pp6} x'gÚ\ eGg] e|d kb}g{ Yof]
jf e|d sd kYof]{ / ;Rrf b]zeQm /
hgjfbL qmflGtsf/Lx? cf]em]n kg]{,
sdhf]/ x'g] / pk]lIft x'g] x'Fb}gYof],
geP klg s]xL yf]/w]/ k/]sf] e|d
lrg{ , ePsf] Iflt k" l t{ ug{ /
qmflGtsf/L ljsNknfO{ :yflkt, ;'b9[ ,
ljsl;t / lj:tfl/t ug{ klg
;lsGYof] t/ clxn] Tof] cj:yf 5}g .
olta] n f ;Rrf qmflGtsf/L /
b]zeQmx? klg cfk;df dfemfdfem
ug{ ;s]sf 5}gg\ a? afemfafem u/]/
s'6lk6 / 6'6km'6 x'Fb} lj36g /
lj;h{glt/ u}/x]sf] cj:yf 5 . To;}n]
qmflGtsf/Lx? sdhf]/ ePsf] of]
cj:yfdf ;a} zlQmx?sf] Pp6} df]rf{
agfP/ n8\g] gLlt lng' 3fts x'g;Sg]
x'Fbf bf];|f] tl/sf ckgfpg' pko'Qm
x'g] b]lvG5 .
t;y{, k|ltudglj?4 n8\g] ;a}
zlQmx?aLr k|ltudgsf lj?4 cf–
cfˆg} df]rf{af6 n8\g] Pp6f ;xdlt
u/]/ cf–cfˆgf leGg–leGg df]rf{af6
k|ltudgsf/L ;fdGtL lg/+sz ' tfjfbL
zlQmsf lj?4 k|xf/ ub}{ hfg] ug{'
plrt / cfjZos x'G5 . o;/L g}
xfn ;Qf;Lg ;fd|fHojfb / ltgsf
/fli6« o cfTd;dk{ 0 fsf/L bnfn
zlQmx?sf lj?4 n8\g] b]zeQm /
/fi6«jfbL elgg] zlQmx?n] klg cf–
cfˆgf df]rf{af6 ;fd|fHojfb / ltgsf
bnfnx? Pj+ pgLx?sf] jt{dfg bnfn
/fHo;Qf–Joj:yfsf lj?4 k|xf/
s]lGb|t ug{' h?/L 5 .
olb klxnf] tl/sfn] ;Dk" 0 f{
zlQmx?;Fu} qmflGtsf/Lx? klg ldn]/
k|ltudgsf lj?4 uOof] eg] a9L
;Dej 5 ls hfg–cGhfg ?kdf l9nf]
jf rfF8f], yf]/} jf w]/} / k|ToIf jf
ck|ToIf ?kn] ;d|fHojfbsf] k+hf /
kfpsf] ks8df kg{ k'Ug] jf ;+;bLo
oyfl:yltjfbd} ;Lldt x'g k'luG5 Û
of] l:ylt eg]sf] cGttM / ;f/tM
bnfnL / u2f/L t x'G5 g}, ;fy}
t'ngfTds ?kn] cu|udgsf] gfddf
Tof] t k|ltudg g} x'G5 Û o;/L :ki6
x'gk' 5{ ls k|ltudglj?4 n8\g' eg]sf]
oyfl:yltd} c8\ g ' xf] O g, g t
;fd|fHojfbsf] cwLgdf g} kg{' xf] hf]
;jf{lws b'vbo:\ / lj8Dagfk"0f{
cj:yf xf] . jf:tjdf k|ltudg lj?4
n8\g] eg]sf] t cu|udglt/ a9\g' /
uGtJodf k'Ug' xf] .
7Ls o;/L g} cfhsf] Ps w|j' Lo
zlQmzfnL bfbf ;fd| f Hojfb–
lj:tf/jfbsf zf]if0f–pTkL8g /
x:tIf]ksf lj?4 /fli6«o :jfwLgtf /
;fj{ef}ldstf /Iffsf] nflu n8\g] eg]sf]
cyf{t\ oyfl:yltjfbL / ;fd|fHojfbL
zlQmx?sf lj?4 n8\g] eg]sf] /fhf,
/fhtGq, wfld{ s /fHoh:tf
kZrudgsf/L ofqfdf nfUg' xf]Og /
o;/L t ;kmntf / lbuf] ljho k|fKt
x'bF g} eGg] a'‰g' klg TolQs} h?/L
5 . lsgls, cfhsf] ;fd|fHojfbL
ljZjJoj:yfdf ;fdGtjfbsf] nugufF7f]
;fd|fHojfb;Fu cleGg / bl/nf] ?kn]
sFl;Psf] 5 .
ljZjdf cfh ;fdGtjfb / /fhf–
dxf/fhfx?sf] cl:tTj ls t
;fd|fHojfb;Fu 3fF6L hf]8]/ ar]sf]
5 ls t eg] :jod\ ltgsf] ljsf;
;fd|fHojfbd} eP/ g} /xg] u/]sf] 5 .
o;qmddf xfdL ;Rrf cu|ufdL
qmflGtsf/Lx?n] ;du| k|lts[ofjfbL
;+;b, ;/sf/ / ;Qf÷Joj:yfsf
lj?4d} k|xf/ ub}{ ltgsf] :yfgdf gofF
;bg -hgk|ltlglw ;ef_, /fli6«o
hg;/sf/ / hgtfsf] /fli6«o /
hgjfbL ;Qf÷Joj:yfsf] :yfkgf /
ljsf; ug{sf] nflu n8\b} / a9\b}
hfg' g} Ps dfq /fd|f] / ;xL gLlt
x'G5 . ;DalGwt ;a}n] uDeL/tfk"js { sfo{qmd cWoIftf s'df/ ;Ln] u/]sf lyP eg] ;+rfng sfe|] hj; OGrfh{
dgg / sfof{Gjog u/f}+ Û c:t' Û Û
5
‘/fhgLlts ;+s6nfO{ a]n}df ;dfwfg gu/]
d'n's uDeL/ b'3{6gfdf hfg] lglZrt’
sf7df8f}F . g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{sf kf]ln6 Ao'/f] ;b:o cfhfb ;Ln]
/fhgLlts ;+s6nfO{ a]n}df ;dfwfg gu/] d'n's uDeL/ b'3{6gfdf hfg]
atfPsf 5g\ . z'qmaf/ aaO{ ufpFkflnsf $ xfk'/]df cfof]lht cGt/lqmof
sfo{qmddf cjwf/0ff kq k]z ub}{ g]tf cfhfb ;Ln] pQm s'/f atfPsf x'g\ .
cjwf/0ff kqsf af/]df k|i6 kfb}{ g]tf cfhfbn] eg]– …g]kfndf clxn] /fhgLlts
;+s6 ulx/f] 5 . clxn] g]kfndf b]lvPsf] /fhgLlts ;+s6nfO{ a]nd } f ;dfwfg
gu/] d'n's uDeL/ b'3{6gfdf hfg] lglZrt 5 . ljz]ifu/L cd]l/sLn] cl3
;f/]sf] Pd;L;L k|fh ] S] 6dfkm{t g]kfnnfO{ pklgj]z agfpg rfxG5 . ;'uf}nL
;lGw x'Fb} Pd;L;L;Dd cfOk'Ubf g]kfnsf] /fli6«otf ;jf{lws ;+s6df 5 .
xfdL / xfd|f] kf6L{sf] clkn 5 of] ;+s6nfO{ sDo'lg:6, jfdkGyL, ;Rrf
nf]stGqjfbL, k|ultlzn zlQm, b]zeQm, /fi6«jfbL ldn]/ ;dfwfg u/f}+ .Ú
cd]l/sfsf] if8\oGq a]nd } f a'em]gf}F eg] x]bf{xb] {} of] d'ns
' o'qm]g aG5, pgn]
yk] …Pd;L;L k|f]h]S6 ljsf;sf] gfddf uDeL/ ;}Go of]hgf xf] . g]kfnsf
k|fs[lts ;|f]t ;fwg sAhf ug]{, l5d]sL d'n's ljZjsf] pboLdfg rLgnfO{
;}Go 9+un] 3]/faGbL ug]{ / blIf0f Pl;ofaf6 sDo'lg:6 k|efjnfO{ lg:t]h ug]{
/0fgLlt xf] . csf]{lt/ g]kfnsf] bnfn k'FhLjfbL ;+;bLo ;Qf /fhgLlts,
cfly{s, ;fdflhs, ;f+:s[ltsnufotsf ;a} If]qdf ;+s6sf] ef/ y]Ug g;Sg]
cj:yfdf 5 . e|i6frf/, sld;g, clgoldttf, cGofo, cTofrf/sf ;fy}
clxn] eO/x]sf 3f]6fnf sf08x?n] hgtfn] of] Joj:yfnfO{ w]/} lbg 6]sf]
nufpg] 7fpFdf gx'g] atfP .Ú
g]tf cfhfbn] clxn]sf] ;+s6sf] lglj{sNk lgsf; g]kfnL ljz]iftfsf] ;dfhjfb
ePsf] 7f]sj' f u/]sf lyP . pgn] eg]– …clxn] xfdLn] g]kfnL ljz]iftfsf] ;dfhjfbsf]
s'/f u/]sf 5f}+ . g]kfnsf ;a} kf6L{x?n] ;dfhjfb elg/x]sf 5g\ . To;f] eP
;dfhjfbdf hfg s] s'/f /f]ss ] f] 5 < Tolt dfq xf]Og, g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfg g}
;dfhjfbf]pGd'v ;+ljwfg xf] . To;}n] xfd|f] kf6L{n] clxn]sf] ;+s6sf] lgsf;
g]kfnL ljz]iftfsf] ;dfhjfb cufl8 ;f/]sf] 5 . g]kfnL ljz]iftfsf] ;dfhjfbn]
dfq} g]kfnsf ;a} hgtfnfO{ clwsf/ ;DkGg agfpg]5 .Ú
g]kfnL ljz]iftfsf] ;dfhjfb :yfkgfsf nflu d'n'ssf /fhgLlts a[t
tof/ /xg'kg]{ a]nf cfPsf] ;d]t atfP .
sfo{qmddf aaO{ ufpFkflnsfsf /fhgLlts kf6L{, ljleGg ;+3÷;+:yf,
dfgjclwsf/sdL{, z}lIfs JolQmTj, ;fdflhs cleoGtf, hgk|ltlglw;lxt
sl/j @)) hgfsf] pkl:ylt /x]sf] lyof] .
sfo{qmddf b"w pTkfbg ;+3sf cWoIf lhtaxfb'/ jnL, ko{6sLo 5x/f
;]jf s]Gb| k"0f{ e08f/L, ;a} ;fd'bflos agx?sf] tkm{af6 lrtn u}/f ;fd'bflos
jgsf cWoIf 5la ljs, ;a} ;fd'bflos ljBfnosf] tkm{af6 hgtf dflj
x+;k'/sf ;xfos k|c ltns/fd zdf{, aaO{ – @ sf j8f ;b:o xl/ jnL,
;dfhjfbL df]rf{ aaO{sf ;+of]hs w|'a, /hdf] lhNnf ;b:o b]j axfb'/ las,
/fk|kf aaO{sf cWoIf jL/axfb'/ lai6, ljlk larf/ g]kfnL sf+u|]; lhNnf
pk;efklt w|a' e08f/L, g]skf -PsLs[t ;dfhjfbL_ bfª lhNnf pk;lrj
l8naxfb'/ k'g, g]skf Pdfn] lhNnf ;b:o /fdaxfb'/ 8fFuL, g]skf dfcf]jfbL
s]Gb|sf n'lDagL k|bz ] ;lrjfno ;b:o eLdaxfb'/ jnL, aaO{ ufpFkflnsfsf
cWoIf s'naxfb'/ vqL, g]skfsf s]Gb|Lo ;b:o k|lbk ;Lnufotn] cjwf/0ff
kqdf pNn]lvt ljifodf ;'emfa;lxt l6Kk0fL k]z u/]sf lyP .
g]skfsf g]tf lxSdt ;Lsf] :jfut dGtJoaf6 ;'? ePsf] sfo{qmddf g]skf
aaO{sf ;]qm]6/L /0faxfb'/ ;Lsf] cWoIfdftf lyof] eg] sfo{qmdsf] ;~rfng
g]skf aaO{sf OGrfh{ pHjn ;Ln] u/]sf lyP . – x]dGt k|sfz cf]nL
clvn g]kfn qmflGtsf/L 6«]8 o'lgog
dxf;+3 sfe|]sf] cWoIfdf s'df/ ;L
sf7df8f}F . clvn g]kfn qmflGtsf/L 6«]8 o'lgog dxf;+3 sfe|]sf] * cf}F
lhNnf ;Dd]ng / clvn g]kfn qmflGtsf/L lgdf{0f dhb'/ ;+3sf] k|yd e]nf
ag]kfdf ;DkGg ePsf] 5 .
;Dd]ngn] s'df/ ;Lsf] g]tT[ jdf !% ;b:oLo lhNnf sfo{;ldlt rog u/]sf]
5 . sfo{qmddf kf6L{sf s]Gb|Lo ;b:o tyf sfe|] OGrfh{ laGb' ;L, s]Gb|Lo ;b:o
tyf k|sfzg ljefusf k|aGws lgb]z { s ;l~hj ;L, s]Gb|Lo ;b:o lht ;L,
s]Gb|Lo ;b:o lhjGt ;L, k"jL{ tfD;flnª Ao'/f] hj; OGrfh{ o'lug ;L, tfdfª
/fli6«o d'lQm df]rf{ ;+of]hs k|/] s, clvn g]kfn 6«8] o'lgogsf ;+of]hs 6]s ;L,
dxf;+3cGtu{t lgdf{0f ;+3sf] ;+of]hs lzj ;L, s]Gb|Lo k|ltlglw ;b:o sNof0f
;L, sfe|] –2 sf OGrfh{ k|tfk ;L, sfe|] –1 sf ;]qm]6/L /fh]Gb| ;Lnufotn]
lgjf{lrt sfo{;ldltnfO{ awfO{ tyf z'esfdgf lbPsf lyP .
kl/efiff ;Ln] u/]sf lyP .
 6 @)*) ;fn df3 @* ut] cfOtaf/
clvn -qmflGtsf/L_ sf7df8f}s“ f] cWoIfdf k|d] ;L
sf7df8f}F . g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{
lgs6 ljBfyL{ ;+ u 7g clvn -
qmflGtsf/L_ sf7df8f}F lhNnfsf] @&
cf}F lhNnf ;Dd]ngn] k|]d ;Lsf]
cWoIftfdf $( ;b:oLo lhNnf sld6L
rog u/]sf] 5 . h;sf] pkfWoIfdf
;ld/ ;L, ;lrjdf dlgiff ;L, ;x
;lrjdf /fh]z ;L / sf]iffWoIfdf pld{nf
;Lnufot /x]sf 5g\ .
pQm ;Dd]ngnfO{ ;Daf]wg ub}{
g]skfsf :yfoL sld6L ;b:o tyf
;+u7gsf ˆ|ofS;g OGrfh{ lzn' ;Ln]
g] k fndf bnfn e| i 6 k' F h LjfbL
/fHoJoj:yfn] b]znfO{ ajf{b agfPsf],
o'jf ljBfyL{nfO{ x}/fgL v]Kg afWo
agfPsf]n] of] Joj:yfnfO{ h/}af6
ldNsfP/ ;dfhjfbL /fHoJoj:yf
:yfkgf ug{k' g]{ ePsf]n] ;dfhjfb
k|fKt ug{ ;a} nfUg' kg]{ atfOg\ .
clvn -qmflGtsf/L_ klZrd bfªsf] cWoIfdf gljg ;L
sf7df8f} F . g] k fn sDo' l g:6
kf6L{ l gs6 clvn -qmflGtsf/L_
klZrd bfªsf] @^ cf} F lhNnf
;Dd]ngn] gljg ;Lsf] cWoIftfdf ub}{
@% ;b:oLo lhNnf sld6L lgjf{lrt
u/]sf] 5 . pQm ;Dd]ngkl5sf] a;]sf]
k|yd a}7sn] cWoIf dfq} 6'U+ ofpg]
sfd ePsf] afFsL kbflwsf/L bf];f| ]
a}7sn] 6'U+ ofpg] ;+u7gn] hgfPsf] 5 .
gljg ;Lsf] cWoIftfdf ag] s f]
;ldltdf s]jL, uf]kfn, lbk]z clagf,
l/tf, hf]of, d'sG' b, glatf, lqe'jg,
;lngf, tf/f, k|jL0f, ;ld/f, nlnt,
;'zLn, ;GWof, ;'lgtf, wgdfof, yDdg,
uf]laGb, clgz, OGb|f /x]sf 5g\ .
clvn -qmflGtsf/L_ sf] @^ cf}F
lhNnf ;Dd]ngnfO{ ;Daf]wg ub}{
g]skfsf s]Gb|Lo ;b:o k|lbk ;Ln]
lzIff lgz'Ns, j}1flgs, Jojxfl/s
/ ;dfg x'g'kg]{ wf/0ff /fv]sf lyP .
lzIff If]qdf e}/x]sf] lghLs/0f,
bnfnLs/0f / dflkmofs/0fsf lj?4
;8s af3sf] ?kdf :yflkt clvn
-qmflGtsf/L_ n] ;+3if{ ug{'kg]{ ;d]t
pgn] g]kfnsf] x/]s kl/jt{gsf/L
cfGbf]ngdf ljBfyL{x?sf] dxTjk"0f{
of]ubfg / cxd\ e"ldsf /x]sfn] km]l/
Ps k6s gf}hjfg o'jf ljBfyL{x?
clGtd t/ lg0ff{ o s cfGbf] n g
;dfhjfb k|flKtsf] cfGbf]ngdf ;l/s
x'gk' g]{ atfOg\ .
o;}u/L, ;Dd]ngdf z'esfdgf
dGtJo /fVb} ;+u7gsf cWoIf k|sfz
;Ln] ;Dd]ngaf6 lgjf{lrt x'g] g]tT[ j
z}lIfs bnfn tyf e|i6x? lj?4
d;fn emf]:g tof/ x'g'kg]{ atfP .
ljBfyL{ x ?sf] eljiodfly bnfn
e|i6x?n] uDeL/ v]njf8 ul//x]sf]n]
To;sf lj?4 lgd{d x'gk' g]{ eGb} /fi6«
lgdf{0fdf o'jf ljBfyL{n] dxTjk"0f{
e"ldsf lgjf{x ug{k' g]{ ;do cfPsf]
atfP . kmfu'g ^ ut] b]lv ( ut];Dd
;+u7gsf] /fli6«o ;Dd]ng x'g] ePsf]n]
atfPsf lyP .
g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{sf s]Gb|Lo
;b:o k|lbk ;Lsf] k|dv
' cfltYodf
ePsf] sfo{qmddf g]skf klZrd
bfªsf ;lrj lgd{n ;L, g]skfsf
s]Gb|Lo k|ltlglw ;b:o Pjd\ kf6L{sf
/fKtL Ao'/f] sfof{no ;lrj ljsf; ;L,
clvn -qmflGtsf/L_ klZrd sdfG8
OGrfh{ k|Lltdf ;L, clvn -qmflGtsf/L_
/fKtL Ao'/f] OGrfh{ /fh]Gb| ;L, ;+u7gsf
/fKtL Ao'/f] ;b:o v'dg ;L, g]skfsf
t'n;Lk'/ gu/sf OGrfh{ e'jg ;L,
u0ftflGqs v]ns'b dxf;+3sf n'lDagL
k|bz
] OGrfh{ ?b| ;L, clvn g]kfn
ls;fg dxf;+3sf s]Gb|Lo ;b:o ljho
;L, g]skf t'n;Lk'/ gu/ ;]qm]6/L lzj
;L, hgkqsf/ ;+u7g g]kfnsf s]Gb|Lo
;b:o x]dGt k|sfz cf]nL, o'jf ;+u7g
g]kfnsf /fKtL Ao'/f] OGrfh{ hLjgL
;L, clvn -qmflGtsf/L_ b]pv'/Lsf
pkfWoIf lzj ;L, >lds ;d'bfo
df]rf{sf lhNnf cWoIf lbn axfb'/
;L, g]skf klZrd bfª lhNnf sld6L
;b:o e/t ;L, dfcf]jfbL s]Gb| lgs6
pQm ;Dd]ngdf g]kfnsf] z}lIfs
cj:yf / casf] lzIff k|0ffnL, o'jf
ljBfyL{sf] eljio, bfloTjaf/] a[xt\
5nkmn ul/g] x'bF f ;a} o'jf ljBfyL{x?
;Dd] n gsf] pb\ 3 f6g ;df/f] x df
;xefuL x'g clkn u/] .
o:t} sfo{qmdsf ljlz:6 cltly
g]skfsf s]Gb|Lo ;b:o tyf sf7df8f}
! g+= lhNnf OGrfh{ e[s6' L ;Ln] bnfn
k'h
F LjfbL ;+;bLo Joj:yf clxn] d'Vo
afws /x]sfn] o;nfO{ e6\sfP/
j}1flgs ;dfhjfbL /fHoJoj:yf
:yfkgf ug{'kg]{ cfjZostf /x]sf]
atfOg\ . o'jf ljBfyL{x?n] ;dfhjfb
k|flKtsf] cfGbf]ngdf lg0ff{os e"ldsf
lgjf{x ug{'kg]{ ePsfn] ;f]xL cg';f/
cufl8 a9\g clkn u/] .
;+u7gsf afudtL sdf08 OGrfh{
dbg ;Ln] clxn]sf] lzIff ;xL gePsfn]
clvn -qmflGtsf/L_ bfª lhNnf
sfof{no ;b:o lx/fnfn cf]nL -
hgfb{g_, clvn g]kfn lzIfs ;+u7g
t'n;Lk'/ gu/sf ;lrj sdn k|sfz
zdf{, l;Pg6L k|;
] sf ;~rfns ;fu/
;'ab] L nufPtsf] cfltYo /x]sf] lyof] .
@^ cf} lhNnf ;Dd]ngdf g]kfn
sDo'lg:6 kf6L{sf s]Gb|Lo ;b:o k|lbk
;L, g]skf klZrd bfªsf ;lrj lgd{n
t]nsf] yf]kfyf]kf hf]ufcf}+
OGwg vr{ 36fcf}+
clvn -qmflGtsf/L_ eQmk'/sf] cWoIfdf ozf]bf ;L
j}1flgs ;dfhjfbL lzIff Nofpg ;a}
sf7df8f}F . g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{ lgs6 clvn -qmflGtsf/L_ eQmk'/sf]
!* cf}F lhNnf ;Dd]ngn] ozf]bf ;L sf] cWoIftfdf #( ;b:oLo lhNnf
sld6L rog u/]sf] 5 . h;sf] pkfWoIfdf dx]Gb| ;L, ;lrjdf k|sfz ;L, ;x
nfUg'kg]{ atfP . b]z ;a} lx;fan] v/fa
;lrjdf lalgtf ;L / sf]iffWoIfdf ;'lbk ;Lnufot /x]cf 5g\ .
ePsfn] ;xL g]tT[ jsf] cfjZos /x]sf]
pQm ;Dd]ngdf clvn -qmflGtsf/L_ sf cWoIf k|sfz ;Ln] ;Dd]ngaf6
eGb} j}1flgs ;dfhjfbaf6 dfq ;a}
;+s6sf] xn x'g] atfP .
;Dd]ngsf cltly ;+u7gsf
pkfWoIf g/]Gb| ;Ln] k'/fgf] ;f]r k'/fg}
g]tfx?af6 cfd"n ?kfGt/0f ;Dej
gePsfn] ca g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{
/ To;sf] g]t[Tjaf6 dfq cfd"n
?kfGt/0f ;Dej /x] s f] atfP .
pkfWoIf g/]Gb| ;Ln] g]kfnsf] lzIff
k|0ffnL g]kfnL df6f] ;'xfpFbf] gePsfn]
g]kfnL df6f] ;'xfpFbf], >d / pTkfbg;Fu
hf]l8Psf] lzIff cfjZos /x]sf]
atfP . ;dfhjfbL /fHoJoj:yfaf6
dfq ;dfhjfbL lzIff k|fKt ug{ ;lsg]
lgjf{lrt x'g] g]tT[ j z}lIfs bnfn tyf e|i6x? lj?4 d;fn emf]:g tof/
pgsf] lhls/ lyof] .
x'g'kg]{ atfP . ljBfyL{x?sf] eljiodfly bnfn e|i6x?n] uDeL/ v]njf8
pQm ;Dd] n g clvn -
ul//x]sf]n] To;sf lj?4 lgd{d x'gk' g]{ eGb} /fi6« lgdf{0fdf o'jf ljBfyL{n]
qmflGtsf/L_sf ;lrjfno ;b:o
dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf lgjf{x ug{'kg]{ ;do cfPsf] atfP . kmfu'g ^ ut]b]lv (
nf]s]z ;Lsf] cWoIftf, g]skfsf
ut];Dd ;+u7gsf] /fli6«o ;Dd]ng x'g] ePsf]n] pQm ;Dd]ngdf g]kfnsf]
:yfoL sld6L ;b:o tyf ;+u7gsf]
z}lIfs cj:yf / casf] lzIff k|0ffnL, o'jf ljBfyL{sf] eljio, bfloTjaf/]
ˆ|ofS;g OGrfh{ lzn' ;Lsf] k|d'v
a[xt\ 5nkmn ul/g] x'Fbf ;a} o'jf ljBfyL{x? ;Dd]ngsf] pb\3f6g ;df/f]xdf
cfltYotf, clvn -qmflGtsf/L_ sf
;xefuL x'g clkn u/] .
s]Gb|Lo cWoIf k|sfz ;L / g]skf
o:t} sfo{qmdsf ljlz:6 cltly g]skfsf s]Gb|Lo ;b:o ;'dg ;Ln] bnfn
s]Gb|Lo ;b:o tyf sf7df8f}F k1
k'h
F LjfbL ;+;bLo Joj:yf clxn] d'Vo afws /x]sfn] o;nfO{ e6\sfP/ j}1flgs
lhNnf OGrfh{ e[s'6L ;Lsf] ljlz:6
;dfhjfbL /fHoJoj:yf :yfkgf ug{'kg]{ cfjZostf /x]sf] atfP .
cfltYotf, clvn -qmflGtsf/L_ sf
;+u7gsf dxf;lrj nlnt ;Ln] klg lgjf{lrt ;ldltnfO{ awfO{ lbFb} /fi6«
pkfWoIf g/]Gb| ;L, afudtL sdfG8
/ hgtfsf] kIfdf ;b}j cfGbf]lnt x'g cfu|x u/] .
OGrfh{ dbg ;L, gt;f ;L, ;+u7gsf
;+u7gsf afudtL sdf08 OGrfh{ dbg ;Ln] clxn]sf] lzIff ;xL gePsfn]
;lrjfno ;b:o l8lj ;L, ;+u7gsf
j}1flgs ;dfhjfbL lzIff Nofpg ;a} nfUg'kg]{ atfP . b]z ;a} lx;fan]
;lrjfno ;b:o tyf lq lj Ao"/f]
v/fa ePsfn] ;xL g]t[Tjsf] cfjZos /x]sf] eGb} j}1flgs ;dfhjfbaf6
OGrfh{ clgn ;L, ;+ u 7gsf
dfq ;a} ;+s6sf] xn x'g] atfP .
;lrjfno ;b:o tyf ljZjljBfno
;+u7gsf s]lGb|o ;b:o lgud ;Lsf] cWoIftf, ;+u7gsf cWoIf k|sfz
Ao"/f] OGrfh{ ;'jf; ;L, s]Gb|Lo
;Lsf] k|dv' cfltYotf g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{sf s]Gb|Lo ;b:o ;'dg ;L /
;b:ox? k|sfz ;L, ozf]bf ;L,
g]skf s]Gb|Lo ;b:o tyf eQmk'/ lhNnf OGrfh{ ljho ;Lsf] ljlzi6 cfltYotf,
;'jf; ;L, k|lht ;L, ;ljg ;L,
clvn -qmflGtsf/L_ dxf;lrj nlnt ;L, afudtL sdfG8 OGrfh{ dbg ;L,
;/:jtL ;L, k|lhgf ;L, afNs]z ;L,
;+u7gsf ;lrjfno ;b:o l8lj ;L, s]Gb|Lo ;b:ox? k|sfz ;L, ;L, k|lht
lr/fo' ;Lsf] cfltYotfdf ;DkGg
;L, afNs]z ;L, lr/fo' ;Lsf] cfltYotfdf ;DkGg ePsf] lyof] .
ePsf] lyof] .
clvn -qmflGtsf/L_ b}nv] sf] cWoIfdf uf]lk/fd ;L
;L, g]skfsf s]Gb|Lo k|ltlglw ;b:o
sf7df8f}F . g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{ lgs6 clvn -qmflGtsf/L_ b}nv
cf}+ lhNnf ;Dd]ngn] uf]lk/fd ;Lsf] g]t[Tjdf !% ;b:oLo lhNnf ;ldlt
lgjf{lrt u/]sf] 5 .
] sf] !$
Pjd kf6L{sf /fKtL Ao'/f] sfof{no
;lrj ljsf; ;L, clvn -qmflGtsf/L_ pQm ;Dd]ngsf] pb\3f6g ub}{ g]skfsf s]lGb|o ;b:o tyf b}nv ] lhNnf
klZrd sdfG8 OGrfh{ k|Lltdf ;L, OGrfh{ snd ;Ln] ljBdfg bnfn k'h F LjfbL /fhgLlts k|0ffnLn] clxn]sf] lzIff
clvn -qmflGtsf/L_ /fKtL Ao'/f] OGrfh{ If]qsf ;d:ofx? xn gx'g] atfP . pgn] pTkfbgd"ns, Jojxfl/s lzIff k|0ffnLsf
/fh] G b| ;L, u0ftflGqs v] n s' b nflu g]kfnL ljz]iftfsf] ;dfhjfb cfjZos /x]sf]df hf]8 lbP .
dxf;+3sf n'lDagL k|bz ] OGrfh{ ?b| pQm sfo{qmddf clvn -qmflGtsf/L_ sf s]lGb|o ;b:o tyf dWo s0ff{nL
;L, clvn g]kfn ls;fg dxf;+3sf Ao'/f] OGrfh{ cltly t'n/fh ;Ln] @)@* ;fndf kGrfotn] agfPsf] lzIff
s]Gb|Lo ;b:o laho ;L, hgkqsf/ gLlt clxn]sf] k':tfsf] hLjg pkof]uL gePsf] / o;sf] ljsNk j}1flgs
;+u7g g]kfnsf s]Gb|Lo ;b:o x]dGt ;dfhjfbL lzIff dfq} x'g ;Sg] atfP eg] lhNnf ;]qm]6/L k|sfz ;Ln] casf]
k|sfz cf]nL, o'jf ;+u7g g]kfnsf qmflGt ljBfyL{af6 dfq ;Dej ePsf] atfP .
/fKtL Ao'/f] OGrfh{ hLjgL ;L, clvn otf, clvn qmflGtsf/L 8f]6L -pQ/_ sf] rf}yf] lhNnf ;Ddn]gn] nf]s]Gb|
-qmflGtsf/L_ b]pv'/Lsf pkfWoIf lzj ;Lsf] g]tT[ jdf !& ;b:oLo lhNnf ;ldlt rog u/]sf] 5 . ;Dd]ngn] cWoIfdf
;L, dfcf]jfbL s]Gb| lgs6 clvn - nf]sG] b| ;L, pkfWoIfdf h'gn ] L g]uL, ;lrjdf s]zj kl/of/, ;x;lrjdf
qmflGtsf/L_ bfª lhNnf sfof{no ;b:o hfgsL e§ / sf]iffWoIfdf 5lj/fh s'Fj/;lxt !& ;b:oLo lhNnf ;ldlt
lx/fnfn cf]nL -hgfb{g_, clvn g]kfn rog u/]sf] 5 . nf]s]Gb| ;Lsf] cWoIftfdf ePsf] pQm ;Dd]ngdf k|d'v
lzIfs ;+u7g t'n;Lk'/ gu/sf ;lrj clylt g]skf 8f]6L OGrfh{ ladn ;L, cltlydf kf6L{ lhNnf ;lrj df]xg
sdn k| s fz zdf{ n ] ;Dd] n g ;Lnufot cGo ljBfyL{x¿ ;xefuL /x]sf lyP .
;kmntfsf] z'esfdgf;lxt dGtJo
JoQm u/]sf lyP .
clvn -qmflGtsf/L_ /fKtL Ao'/f] ;b:o
v'dg ;Ln] ;Dd]ngdf Kofgn k|:tfj
u/]sf lyP eg] gjlgjf{lrt sld6LnfO{
awfO{ dGtJo g]skf t'n;Lk'/sf OGrfh{
e'jg ;L / g]skf aaO{sf OGrfh{ pHjn
;Ln] JoQm u/]sf x'g\ .
ljBfyL{ g]tf clagfsf] :jfut
dGtJoaf6 ;'? ePsf] sfo{qmdsf] ;~rfng
laBfyL{ g]tf s]jL ;Ln] u/]sf lyP .
g]kfn cfon lgud lnld6]8
kmf]g g+=+ $@^@(&), km\ofS; M $@^#$&!
 @)*) ;fn df3 @* ut] cfOtaf/
;Gbe{ M @( cf}+ hgo'4 lbj;
s] xf] hgtfsf] hgjfbL clwgfosTj <
æ;dfhjfbdf klg ju{ ;+3if{
ljBdfg /xG5 .Æ – dfcf] T;]tª'
hgtfsf] hgjfbL clwgfosTj
eg]sf] s] xf] < of] Joj:yf slxn] /
s;sf] g]tT[ j slxn] sfod x'G5 < of]
Joj:yf dfgj ;dfhsf] ljsf;sf] s'g
x:taxfb'/ s];L
cfh g]kfndf gofF hgjfbL qmflGtsf]
g]tT[ j ul//x]sf qmflGtsf/L sDo'lg:6
kf6L{x? / gofF qmflGtsf kIfw/
sDo'lg:6 kf6L{x?n] ;fdl/s sfo{
lbzfsf ?kdf jt{dfg bnfn ;+;bLo
Joj:yfsf] ljsNkdf hgu0ftGqfTds
Joj:yfnfO{ cufl8 ;fb}{ cfPsf 5g\ /
g]kfnL ljlzi7tfsf cfwf/df dxfg\ gofF
hgjfbL qmflGt ;DkGg u/]/ j}1flgs
;dfhjfbdf k|jz] ug]{ /0fgLlts nIo agfO/x]sf 5g\ . /, dxfg\ g]kfnL gofF
hgjfbL qmflGt cjZoDefjL aGg uPsf] 5 .
qmddf :yfkgf ul/G5 < To;kl5 s'g
/fHo Joj:yf nfu" ul/G5 < eGg] h:tf
dxTjk"0f{ k|Zg / lh1f;f xfd|f] ;dfhdf
k|;:t} ;'Gg kfOG5 . o; n]vdf
;j{ ; fwf/0f kf7sx?n] cyf{ t \
cfdkf7sx?n] a‰g ;Sg] u/L ;/n
efiffdf n]Vg] k|oTg ul/Psf] 5 .
hgtfsf] hgjfbL clwgfosTj
Pp6f cw{ ;fdGtL / cw{cf}klgj]lzs
÷ gjcf}klgs cj:yfdf /x]sf] b]zdf
ul/g] gofF qmflGt cyf{t\ gofF vfn]
k'h
F LjfbL qmflGt ;DkGg ul/;s]kl5
lgdf{0f /fhgLlts Joj:yfsf] gfd xf] .
o;df qmflGtsf] df]8n gofF hgjfbL
qmflGtsf] df]8n, ufpFbl] v zx/ sAhf
ug]{ df]8n, u|fdL0f Onfsfsfx?df
:yfgLo hg;Qf lgdf{0f ub}{ u'l/Nnf
jf/ - 5fkfdf/ o'4_ df]8n cyf{t\
bL3{sfnLg hgo'4sf] df]8n klxnf] df]8n
xf] eg] ;do / kl/l:ylt cg';f/, ljZj
kl/l:yltcg';f/ ;z:q hgljb|fx] -
zx/Lof cfd ljb|fx] _ dfkm{t\ zx/df
;z:q hgljb|fx] dfkm{t\ s]Gb|Lo ;Qf
sAhf u/]/ qmflGtnfO{ ufpFlt/ n}hfg]
df]8n . oL b'O{ df]8n dWo] klxnf] df]8n
dxfg\ lrlgofF gofF hgjfbL qmflGtsf]
df]8n xf] / cGt/f{li6«o sDo'lg:6
cfGbf]ngsf] Oltxf;df ;g !($(
cS6f]a/ ! sf lbg sd/]8 dfcf]
T;]tª' sf] g]tT[ jdf lrlgofF sDo'lg:6
kf6L{n] ;DkGg u/]sf] df]8n . bf];f| ] df]8n
cem};Dd s'g} klg nfu" ePsf] 5}g .
k'h
F LjfbL qmflGt xf] . o; qmflGtdf ;j{xf/f
ju{sf] ;+ul7t /fhgLlts cu|b:tf
sDo'lg:6 kf6L{sf] g]tT[ j x'G5 / of] qmflGt
dhb'/ – ls;fg Pstfdf cfwfl/t
;DkGg x'g] qmflGt xf] .
of] qmflGtdf s'g s'g ju{x?n] efu
lnG5g\ < -;xefuL aG5g\ <_ eGg] s'/f
k|dv' ljifo xf] . xfd|f] b]z g]kfn Pp6f
cw{;fdGtL / cw{ pklgj]lzs ÷
gjcf}klgj]lzs cj:yfdf /x]sf] b]z
ePsf]n] dxfg\ gofF g]kfnL hgjfbL qmflGt
eg]sf] ;fdGtjfb – ;fd|fHojfb lj/f]wL
qmflGt xf] . cfh g]kfndf ;fdGtjfb /
;fd|fHojfbsf] cf8e/f];fdf l6s]sf]
bnfn tyf gf]s/zfxL k'h F Lkltju{ /
;fdGtsf] bnfn ;+;bLo Joj:yfnfO{
Wj:t kf/]/ dfq hgtfsf] gofF hgjfbL
Joj:yf lgdf{0f ul/g]5 .
o; qmflGtdf s'g s'g ju{n] efu
lnG5g\ eGg] k|Zgdf o;sf] hjfkm xf]
o; qmflGtdf dhb'/ – ls;fg ju{ d'Vo
qmflGtsf zlQm x'G5g\ eg] /fli6«o
k'h
F Lklt ju{bl] v tnsf] cf}Bf]lus dhb'/
-;j{xf/f ju{_ wgL ju{, zx/Lof dWo]
ju{, lgDg dWo] ju{, zx/Lof u/La ju{
/ wgL ls;fgb]lv tnsf] s[lif dhb'/
ju{ cyf{t\ wgL ls;fg, dWo]d juL{o
ls;fg, lgDg dWod ls;fg, u/La
ls;fg, e"ldlxg ls;fg ;d]t qmflGtsf
;xof]uL zlQm x'g\ . of] qmflGt dfly
pNn]lvt ju{x?sfaLrdf ;+o'Qm
/fhgLlts df]rf{ u7g ul/g]5 .
o;/L /fli6«o k'FhLklt ju{b]lv
cf}Bf]lus dhb'/ ju{ / wgL ls;fgb]lv
g]kfnL ljz]iftfsf] ;dfhjfb clgafo{
s[lifx/ dhb'/ ju{n] efu lng] /
qmflGtnfO{ ;xof]u u/]sf]n] log} /fli6«o
k'h
F Lklt ju{bl] v cf}Bf]lus dhb'/ ju{
/ wgL ls;fg b]lv s[lifx/ dhb'/ ju{
;lxtsf] ;+oQ' m ;xefuLtfdf cyf{t\
qmflGtsf d'Vo / ;xfos zlQmsf ?kdf
/x]sf log} ju{sf] ;fd'lxs :jfldTj /
;xefuLdf cfwfl/t hgtfsf] hgjfbL
clwgfosTj /xg] u/L gofF hgjfbL
/fHoJoj:yf :yfkgf ul/G5 .
o; Joj:yf æhldg hf]Tg]sf], 3/
lnKg]sf]Æ cyf{t\ æh;sf] hf]t p;sf]
kf]tÆ sf] gf/f lbOG5 . o; Joj:yfdf
d'n'ssf] ;Dk"0f{ pBf]uwGbf tyf
snsf/vfgfx? /fli6«os/0f ul/G5 .
;fdGt tyf hldGbf/sf] hldg vf];/]
-hkmt_ u/]/ ls;fgx?nfO{ afFl8G5È .
ls;fgx? hldgsf dflns aGb5g\ .
/, o; Joj:yf hgtf b]zsf dflns
aG5g\ . o; k|sf/sf] Joj:yfnfO{
hgtfsf] hgjfbL clwgfosTj ;lxtsf]
gofF -gf}nf]_ hgjfbL Joj:yf elgG5 /
of] Joj:yf j}1flgs ;dfhjfbdf km8\sf]
dfg{sf nflu k'nsf] sfd ub{5 . cyf{t\
gofF hgjfbL /fHoJoj:yf j}1flgs
;dfhjfb lgdf{0fsf nflu aLrsf]
;+qmd0fsfnLg /fHo Joj:yf xf] .
hgtfsf] hgjfbL clwgfosTj
;lxtsf] gofF hgjfbL Joj:yf Pp6f
juL{o Joj:yf ePsf]n] oxfF ju{ ;+3if{
ljBdfg /xG5 . cyf{t\ oxfF klg ju{
;+3if{ hf/L /xG5 . Tolt dfq xf]Og
j}1flgs ;dfhjfbL Joj:yf klg juL{o
Joj:yf xf] . ToxfF klg dhb'/ ju{ klxnf]
ju{, zf;s ju{ cyf{t\ ;Qf?9 ju{sf
?kdf /x]sf] x'G5 eg] k'h F Lklt ju{ bf];f| ]
ju{sf ?kdf /x]sf] x'G5 . To;}n] sd/]8
dfcf] T;]t'ªn] æ;dfhjfbdf ju{
ljBdfg /xG5Æ eGg'ePsf] 5 .
hgtfsf] hgjfbL clwgfosTj
sfod ul/Psf] To; Joj:yfn] lxhf]
qmflGtsf lj?4 plqPsf ;fdGt /
;fd|fHojfbsf bnfnx?, b]zLljb]zL
k| l tlqmofjfbL zlQmx?, b] z Lo,
;fdGtLx?, qmflGt lj/f]wL bnfn tyf
gf]s/zfxL k'h F Lklt ju{x?, qmflGtsf
;Dk"0f{ zq' tyf ck/fwLx?nfO{ s8f
eGbf s8f sfjf{xL dfkm{t,\ bl08t u/]/
;d"xgi6 u/]/ l7s;Fu 7]ufg nufP/
dfq j}1flgs ;dfhjfbdf k|jz ] u/]
kl5 k|ltqmf/L zlQmnfO{ 6fpsf] p7fpg
glbg] u/]/ dfq j}1flgs ;dfhjfbdf
k|jz ] ug{k' g]{ x'G5 . dxfg\ gofF hgjfbL
qmflGt ;DkGg ul/;s]kl5 sd/]8
dfcf]sf] g]tT[ jdf lrlgofFF sDo'lg:6
kf6L{n] ljZj d} klxnf]k6s hgtfsf]
hgjfbL clwgfosTj ;lxtsf] gofF
hgjfbL /fHoJoj:yf :yfkgf ul/Psf]
lyof] . / ;g !(%$ ;fndf rLgdf
gofF ;+ljwfg agfOPsf] lyof] / sd/]8
dfcf] T;]tª' nfO{ /fi6«fWoIodf lgjf{lrt
u/]sf] lyof] . t/, rLgdf hgtfsf]
hgjfbL clwgfosTj ;xL ?kdf nfu"
x'g ;s]sf] lyPg . z'? d} sd/]8 dfcf]
/ ?;L v|Z' rf]jL cfw'lgs ;+zf]wgjfbsf
lrlgofF r]nf No" zfcf] lrsf] u4f/
u'6aLr j}rfl/s ljjfb z'? ePsf]df
lyof] . sd/]8 dfcf]n] ærLgdf olta]nf
/fhgLlts ;+3if{ klxnf] xf] / k|fs[lts
cfly{s -k|fs[lts_ ;+3if{ bf];f| ] xf]Æ
eGg'ePsf] lyof] / Tof] ;xL lyof] eg]
lsgeg]rLgdf Tolta]nf /fhgLlts
;+3if{ ;dfKt ePsf] lyPg . No" zfcf]
lr u4f/ u'6n] eg] ærLgdf olta]nf
/fhgLlts ;+3if{ ;dfKt eof], cfly{s
-k|fs[lts_ ;+3if{ klxnf] xf]Æ eg]/ cy{jfbL
b[li6sf]0f cufl8 ;f/]sf] lyof] . No" zfcf]
lrsf] pQm b[li6sf]0f lgtfGt ;+zf]wg
jfbL – ;'wf/jfbL Pj+ cj;/jfbL lyof] .
oL ljk/Lt ljrf/x? ;dfwfg
gul/Ps} cj:yfdf ;g !(%^ lrlgofF
sDo'lg:6 kf6L{sf] cf7f}+ dxflwj]zgsf]
cfof] h gf ul/Psf] lyof] . pQm
dxflwj]zgdf u2f/ No" zfcf] lr u'6n]
b:tfj]hLo ?kdf cfˆgf] ;+zf]wgjfbL
/fhgLlts b:tfj]h k|jz ] u/fof] .
To;kl5 rLgdf k|ltqmflGtn] k|jz ] u¥of] .
To;sf lj?4 sd/]8 dfcf]n] ;g !(^^
b]lv !(&^ ;Dd dxfg\ lrlgofF ;j{xf/f
;fF:s[lts qmflGtsf] ;kmn g]tT[ j ug{'
eof] . dxfg\ lrlgofF ;j{xf/f ;fF:s[lts
qmflGt ;j{xf/f ju{sf] g]tT[ j cGtu{t
lg/Gt/ qmflGtsf] l;4fGt dflgG5 .
o;}nfO{ g} kl5 dfcf]jfb elgof] . cfh
7
b]zsf tdfd ;d:ofsf] sf/s bnfn k'h“ Ljfb
sf7df8f}F . g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{sf kf]ln6Ao'/f] ;b:o dfOnf ;Ln] b]zsf
tdfd ;d:ofsf] sf/s bnfn k'FhLjfb ePsf] atfpFb} o;sf] ;dfwfgsf]
Pp6} af6f] ;dfhjfbL Joj:yf ePsf] 7f]s'jf u/]sf 5g\ . g]skf emfkfåf/f
cfof]lht æjt{dfg /fli6«o ;+s6 / ;dfwfgÆ ljifos cGt/lqmof sfo{qmddf
;Daf]wg ub}{ pgn] ;f] 7f]s'jf u/]sf x'g\ . pgn] hgo'4sf dxfg ;lxb l8
sf}l8GonfO{ :d/0f ub}{ emfkfn] k~rfot ax'bn hgo'4 x'Fb} PsLs[t
hgqmflGt;Dd cfOk'Ubf 7"nf] of]ubfg lbPsfn] ca ;dfhjfbL Joj:yf k|flKtsf
nflu klg emfkfn] pNn]vgLo e"ldsf lgjf{x ug]{ atfP . pgn] cfhsf] ;+;bLo
Joj:yfn] b]z / hgtfnfO{ s'g} lgsf; lbg g;s]sf] atfpFb} of] ;+s6
;dfwfgsf] kf6f] s;/L k}nfpg ;lsG5 eGg] ljifodf ax; 5]8]sf lyP .
g]tf dfOnf ;L n] g]kfnL /fhgLltdf cfnf]rgf / ;+Zn]if0f w]/} ePsf] atfpFb} ca
lgsf; lbg] af6f] vf]Hg'kg]{ atfP . pgn] of] ;dfh / b]zsf] lxtsf nflu n8\g] ;a}
zlQmaLr ;xsfo{ Pstf x'g] atfpFb} lhDd]jf/L 9+un] /fi6«nfO{ bnfnx?af6 d'Qm ug]{
kf6L{sf] bfloTj /x]sf] atfP . pgn] n3'ljQ tyf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] HofbtLaf6 emfkfdf
klg y'kn} | ] cfTdxTof ug{k' /]sf] :d/0f u/fpFb} clxn] ljZjdf hxfF–hxfF n8fOF rln/x]sf]
5 ToxfF klg g]kfnLx? g} dl//x]sf] kl/l:ylt b]zsf nflu b'vb\ /x]sf] atfP .
g]tf dfOnf ;Ln] cfh x/]s o'jf ljBfyL{ cfˆgf] d'n'sk|lt cfzfjfbL x'g
g;s]sf] atfpFb} h'g b]zdf o'jf ljBfyL{ v';L x'bF g} Tof] b]z slxNo} v';L x'g
g;Sg] atfP . pgn] ca Pdfn] sfFu|]; dfcf]jfbLnfO{ ufnL unf}h u/]/
;d:ofsf] ;dfwfg gx'g] eGb} of] ljs[ltsf] h/f;Dd k'u]/ o;sf sf/0fx?
kQf nufP/ lgsf; lbgtkm{ nfUg'kg]{ atfP .
cfhsf] ;+s6af6 d'Qm x'g ;dfhjfbL Joj:yfdf hfg'kg]{ / ;xh 9+un]
lgsf; lgsfNg ;a}hgf Ps} 7fpFdf h'6g\ k' g]{ pgsf] egfO lyof]] . pgn] ;fRr} b]z
/ hgtfsf] xslxtsf] nflu nflu k/]sf] xf] eg], olb /fhgLlt b]z / hgtfsf]
;d[l4sf nflu ul/Psf] eP uDeL/tfk"js { hgtf / /fi6«kl| t Odfgbf/ eP/
;ldIff ug]a{ n ] f cfPsf] pgn] atfpFb} eg]– æcfh b]zdf kfFrnfv a9L 3/x? l/Qf]
/x]sf] / nfvf}+ Joj;foLx? knfog ePsf] tyf ld6/AofhLx?sf sf/0f sof}n + ]
cfTdxTof ug{k' /]sf] cj:yf /x]sf] 5 t/ of] /fHo bz{s ag]/ al;/x]sf] 5 .Æ
g]tf dfOnf ;Ln] cfh b]zdf lzIff, :jf:y, /f]huf/nufot ;a} If]qdf
Jofks ;d:of /x]sf] atfpFb} o;sf] sf/0f bnfn k'FhLjfb /x]sf] / klxrfg
kIfw/x?sf] cfGbf]ngnfO{ ;d]t of] Joj:yfn] kf/ gnufpg] a? ;dfhjfbL
Joj:yfn] dfq} o;sf] lgsf; lbg] atfP .
pQm sfo{qmsf clwsf+z jQmfx?n] b]z ;+s6df /x]sf] / o;sf] lgsf;
vf]Hg'kg]{ egfO /fVb} dfcf]jfbL Pstfb]lv ;+ljwfg cIf/; kfngf ug{'kg]{
nufotsf ljifo /fv]sf lyP .
‘tLg a'b“ ] ;xdlt sfof{Gjog ug{' eg]sf] b]zn] lgsf; k|fKt ug{' xf]’
sf7df8f}F . g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{sf s]Gb|Lo ;b:o tyf d]rL Ao'/f] OGrfh{
;'dgl;+x ;Ln] /fHo / cfˆgf] kf6L{aLr ePsf] tLg a'bF ] ;xdltnfO{ k"0f{ ?kdf
sfof{Gjog ug{ /fHo tof/ x'g] xf] eg] b]zn] cfhsf] ;Dk"0f{ ;+s6af6 d'lQm
kfpg] atfP . d+unaf/ l;Gw'nLsf] ;b/d'sfd sdnfdfO{ gu/kflnsfdf
cfof]lht cGt/s[of sfo{qmdnfO{ ;Daf]wg ub}{ pgn] ;f] s'/f atfPsf x'g\ .
g]tf ;'dgl;+x ;Ln] eg]– …)&& kmfu'g @! ut] /fHokIf / g]skfaLr tLg
a'bF ] ;xdlt ePsf] lyof] . pQm ;xdltsf] klxnf] a'bF fdf b]zsf] /fhgLlts
;d:ofx? ;Djfbdfkm{t\ ;dfwfg ug{ b'a} kIf ;xdt ePsf] ;Gbe{ 5, cfh
b]zsf] d'Vo ;+s6 g} /fhgLlts ;+s6 xf] . of] ;+s6k"0f{ ;dodf /fHon] g]skf;Fu
ePsf] ;xdlt sfof{Gjog u/]/ ;+s6sf] ;dfwfgsf] lglDt ;+jfb cufl8 a9fP
b]zn] lgsf; k|fKt ug]{ ;'dgl;+xn] atfP . t/, tLg a'bF ] ef8\g] sfd ;fd|fHojfbn]
ul//x]sf] pgn] atfP . b]z / hgtfsf] k|:tfj af]Sg] g]skf tLg a'bF s] f] P]ltxfl;s
dd{nfO{ ;a} df]rf{af6 km};nf u/fpg tfut /fV5 .Ú

sf7df8f}F . g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{sf kf]ln6Ao'/f] ;b:o lztn ;Ln] b]zdf

tTsfnLg g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{ -
qmflGtsf/L dfcf]jfbL_ cfˆgf] kf]v/f
/fli6«o e]nfaf6 kfl/t ul/;s]sf] 5 .
xfn qmflGtsf/L sDo'lg:6 kf6L{ g]kfnsf]
qmflGtsf] df]8n klg oxL bf];f| ] df]8nsf]
?kdf /x]sf] hgo'4sf] hudf ;z:q
hgljb|fx] dfkm{t\ zx/af6 s]Gb|Lo ;Qf
sAhf u/]/ qmflGtnfO{ ufpFlt/ n}hfg]
df]8n xf] . :d/0fLo s'/f s] 5 eg]
tTsfnLg cj:yfdf /x]sf] ?;df dxfg\
n]lggsf] g]tT[ jdf ?;L sDo'lg:6 kf6L{
-af]N;]ljs_ n] ;g !(!& cS6f]a/ @%
-?;L gofF kfqf] cg';f/ ;g !(!&,
gf]eD] a/ &_ qmflGt ;DkGg u/]/ j}1flgs
;dfhjfb nfu" ul/Psf] Oltxf; ljZj
sDo'lg:6 cfGbf]ngdf Ps lzIffsf]
?kdf /x]sf] 5 . t/, oxfF Pp6f
cw{ ; fdGtL tyf cw{
pklgj]lzs÷gjcf}klgj]lzs cj:yfdf
/x]sf] g]kfndf ul/g] qmflGtsf] af/]df
ljZn]if0f ul/Psf] xf] . lsgeg] g]kfn
cfh;Dd klg cw{ ;fdGtL /
cw{ c f} k lgj] l zs÷gjcf} k lgj] l zs
cj:yfdf /x]sf] g]kfndf ul/g] qmflGt
gofF hgjfbL qmflGt xf] . gofF vfn]
ca ;a} ldn]/ g]kfnL ljz]iftfsf] ;dfhjfb :yfkgf ug{ h?/L ePsf] atfPsf dfS;{jfb – n]lggjfb – dfcf]jfb ljZj
5g\ . g]skf dsjfgk'/åf/f ;f]daf/ cfof]lht g]kfndf nflbPsf] Pd;L;L, ;j{xf/f ju{sf] d'lQm kyk|bz{s l;4fGt
/fHo;Qfsf] ;+s6 / lgsf;sf] af6f] ljifos cGt/lqmof sfo{qmddf af]Nb} aGg k'us ] f] 5 / dfcf]jfbnfO{ cfTd;ft
pgn] ;f] s'/f atfPsf x'g\ . pgn] rf}tkmL{ ;+s6af6 u'lh|/x]sf] xfd|f] b]znfO{ ug{ g;Sg]x? ;Rrf qmflGtsf/L sDo'lg:6
lgsf; lbg ca ;a} zlQm ldn]/ g]kfnL ljz]iftfsf] ;dfhjfb :yfkgf ug{k' g]{ dflgFbg} g\ / pgLx¿nfO{ qmflGtsf] g]tT[ j
atfP . To:t} hgtfsf] cfFvf 5n]/ hah{:t ;bgaf6 /ftf/ft kf; u/]sf] ug]{ s'/} cfPg .
Pd;L;L ;Demf}tf s'g} klg xfntdf vf/]h ug{s ' f] ljsNk gePsf] pgsf] egfO of] lrlgofF sDo'lg:6 kf6L{ aLrsf]
lyof] . ;fy} lnk'n]s, lnlDkofw'/fnufotsf] g]kfnL e"efu cltqmd0f /f]Sg b'O{ nfOg ;+3if{sf] Oltxf; ljZj sDo'lg:6
s8f ;Ldf ;'/Iff gLlt cjnDag ug{ u/fpg hf]8 lbg'kg]{ atfP . cfGbf]ng / ljZj ;j{xf/f ju{sf lglDt
g]skfsf s]lGb|o ;b:o tyf blIf0f–k"j{ dsjfgk'/sf OGrfh{ jf6/ ;Lsf] Pp6f lzIffsf] ?kdf /x]sf] 5 .
;efWoIftfdf ePsf] sfo{qmddf g]skf Pdfn] k|ltlglw OGb|sd' f/ /fO{, dfcf]jfbL cfh g]kfndf gofF hgjfbL qmflGtsf]
g]tT[ j ul//x]sf qmflGtsf/L sDo'lg:6 g]tf ;'dgl;+x ;Ln] cd]l/sL ;fd|fHojfb / g]kfnL hgtfsf] cGt/lj/f]w d'Vo
s]Gb| k|ltlglw dx]z l;Gtfg, ;dfh;]jL cflzif kfv|Lg, afudtL–@ sf j8f ag]sf], rLg cfˆgf] ;'/Iff ;+jb] glzntfsf] sf/0f ;txdf cfPsf], ef/ltosf] rnv]n
;lrj tf/fgfy /fO{, g]skf as}of ufkf OGrfh{ df]xg ;Lnufotsf] cfltYotf kf6L{x? / gofF qmflGtsf kIfw/ sDo'lg:6
kf6L{x?n] ;fdl/s sfo{ lbzfsf ?kdf a9]sf], ;+s6nfO{ cfˆgf] cg'sn" tfdf abNg cd]l/sf ef/t tLj|tfdf nfu]sf], g]kfndf
/x]sf] 5 . g]skfsf s]lGb|o ;b:o ldªdf/ ;Ln] ;Grfng u/]sf sfo{qmddf gjh]nG] :sLx? k}bf ug{ vf]hs ] f], hgtfsf] hLjg s:6s/ aGb} uPsf], pTkLl8t hflt
afudtL ufkf ;]qm]6/L ;fhg ;Ln] :jfut dGtJo /fv]sf lyP . jt{dfg bnfn ;+;bLo Joj:yfsf]
ljsNkdf hgu0ftGqfTds Joj:yfnfO{ ;d'bfon] cGofo ef]Ug' k/]sf] h:tf y'k} | ;+s6x? ;txdf k|s6 ePsf] pgn] atfP .
cufl8 ;fb}{ cfPsf 5g\ / g]kfnL b]z o'qm]gkydf hfg ;Sg] ;+efjgfsf] glhs /x]sf]kl| t ;r]t u/fP .
ljlzi7tfsf cfwf/df dxfg\ gofF hgjfbL pgn] cfh g]skf dfq xf]Og, g]kfnsf ;a} cu|ufdLx? Ps 7fpFdf cfpg'
qmflGt ;DkGg u/]/ j}1flgs ;dfhjfbdf kg]{ / ;+efljt r'gf}ltx?nfO{ k/f:t u/]/ b]znfO{ cufl8 a9fpg e"ldsf
k|jz ] ug]{ /0fgLlts nIo agfO/x]sf v]Ng' kg]{ atfP . b]z / hgtfsf] hLjgsf] :jfy{nfO{ s]Gb|df /fv]/ e"ldsfx?
5g\ . /, dxfg\ g]kfnL gofF hgjfbL qmflGt v]Ng] xf] eg] lgsf;sf] jftfj/0f aGg ;Sg] pgsf] egfO lyof] .
cjZoDefjL aGg uPsf] 5 . pQm cGt/s[of sfo{qmddf g]skf Pdfn], g]kfnL sf+u;]| , dfcf]jfbL s]Gb|, afd
-n]vs M jl/i7 dfS;{jfbL n]vs a'l4hLljnufotn] cfˆgf] wf/0ff /fv]sf lyP . sfo{qmdsf] cWoIftf klZrd l;Gw'nLsf
Pj+ cGt/f{li6«o n]vs tyf kqsf/ ;lrj hgs ;L, ;+rfng dg' ;Ln] u/]sf lyP eg] kf6L{sf s]lGb|o ;b:o tyf l;Gw'nL
s]Gb|sf cWoIf x'g_\ lhNnf OGrfh{ zzL ;L / sdn ;Lsf] klg sfo{qmddf pkl:ylt /x]sf] lyof] .
 8 sf= lh= k|= sf= b= g+= !^#÷@)^#÷^$
jt{ d fg=====
x:tIf]kaf6 hgtfx?nfO{ d'Qm ug{
b]zJofkL ?kdf sDo'lg:6 :s'n
;+rfng u/]sf] atfpFb} eg], ædfG5]
eg]sf] ljrf/;lxtsf] a[xt lehg
af]s/] k'/fgf] ;Qfsf] ljsNkdf pleg]
zlQm xf] . k'FhLjfbLx?n] !(() kl5
ljrf/sf] cGTo ePsf] ckmafx km}nfP
ljrf/ d/]sf] ts{ k|:t't u/] t/
ljrf/ dg{' eg]sf] dfG5] dg{' xf]
ljrf/laxLg dfG5] hLljt dfG5] xf]Og
ljrf/ cGTo ePsf] eGg' dfG5]sf] cGt
eof] eGg' xf] .Æ
pgn] ;dfhjfbLx?sf] a9\bf]
nf] s lk| o tfaf6 cQflnPsf
k'FhLjfbLx?n] km}nfPsf] ckmjfxsf]
lj?4 wd{jfbL ;fd|fHojfbL :s'lnªsf]
lj?4 gofF ljrf/;lxt tLgsf]
xdnflj?4 xfaL x'g ;+rfng ul/Psf]
:s'n ePsf] / :s'lnªn] ef}lts
lj1fgnfO{ ;dfh lj1fgdf hf]8\g
dxTjk"0f{ of]ubfg ug]{ bfaL u/] .
g]tf e/t ;Ln] g]kfnsf] kl5Nnf]
/fhgLlts 36gfqmdtkm{ OlËt ub}{
c?0f rf} w /L bnfn k' F h Ljfb /
gf]s/zfxL k'h F Ljfbsf] PsLs[t kfq
ePsf] cf/f]k ;d]t nufpFb} eg]–
ærf}w/Lsf] kIfdf cbfntn] h'g cfb]z
lbof] To;af6 of] b]zsf] zf;g;Qf
s;n] rnfO/x]sf] 5 k|i6 x'G5 / of]
;Qfsf] cfo' slt;Dd l6S5 eGg] klg
cfFsng ug{ ;lsG5 . lgsDdf k'h F LjfbL
;Qfsf sf/0f b]zsf] cy{tGq 6f6
klN6Psf] 5 o'jfx? b]zdf cfˆgf]
eljio gb]v/] knfogsf] af6f] /f]Hg
pBt 5g\, To;sf/0f ;Qfdf k'uk] l5
sfofkn6 u5f}{ eg]/ uPsf k'/fgf
g]tT[ j c;kmn eP of] ;a} sf/0f bnfn
k'h
F Ljfb xf] . o;sf] lgsf; lbg h?/L
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/fhgLlts cy{ ; f:qsf] cWofkg
u/fPsf lyP eg] kf]ln6Ao'/f] ;b:o
c;n ;Ln] PsLs[ t ;fdl/s
/0fgLltsf] cWofkg u/fPsf lyP .
To:t} s]Gb|Lo ;b:o k|of; ;Ln]
ef}lts lj1fgdf ljKnj :s'n ckm
y6sf] ljsf; / o;nfO{ ;dfh
lj1fgdf o;n] kf/]sf] k|efjaf/]
cWofkg u/fPsf lyP .
To:t} :yfoL ;ldlt ;b:o e/t
;Ln] bz{gzf:q / s]Gb|Lo ;b:o lty{
;Ln] /fHo ;Qfsf] pTklQ / j}1flgs
;dfhjfbaf/] cWofkg u/fPsf lyP .
7" n f=====
cfjZos /x]sf] atfP .
pQm sfo{ q mddf hgkqsf/
;+u7g g]kfnsf cWoIf z]/axfb'/
If]Kof:q k|sfzg s]Gb|åf/f k|sflzt, ;Dkfbs M /fh]Gb|k|;fb lrdf}l/of, sfof{no M yfkfufpF, sf7df8f}F, df]afOn M (*$!$)#*%!,
E-mail : chhepyastra@gmail.com,website: www.janakhabar.com d'bs
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s]xL d'¶Le/sf klqsfn] lj1fkg
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ljb' / 9' Ë ] n n] u} / kqsf/x?nfO{
dxf;+ 3 sf] ;b:otf lbPsf] t/
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pgn] g]kfnsf] cfd;~rf/ If]qdf
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ug]{ kqsf/x?nfO{ tx nufpg] cg]s
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atfP . /lj nfld5fg]n] p7fPsf] !@
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k|ultzLn s/ k|0ffnL nfu" ug]{ .
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If]qx¿sf] ¿kfGt/0fsf nflu
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/f]huf/, ;fdflhs ;'/Iff /
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lgoGq0f ug],{ h}ljs ljljwtf /
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kof{j/0fsf] ;+/If0f ug],{
u'0f:t/Lo ;]jf k|jfxsf nflu
;fj{hlgs k|zf;g r':t–b'?:t
agfpg], cg'udg / d"NofÍgsf
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sf7df8f}F . g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{sf hgdt ;+ux| ug{' kg]{ atfP . b]znfO{ lglDt ;+3if{ ug{' kg]{ atfP .
s]Gb|Lo ;Nnfxsf/ ;ldlt ;b:o tyf k|ult ug{, cfTdlge{/ cy{tGq agfpg pQm cGt/lqmof sfo{qmddf /fk|kf
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j}1flgs ;dfhjfbn] dfq ;Dk"0f{ >lds nfu]sf] atfP . qmflGtsf/L sDo'lg:6 kf6L{ lhNnf OGrfh{
clwsf/ ;DkGg x'g] atfPsf] l5g\ . sfo{qmdsf csf{ cltly s]Gb|Lo nfªufnL du/, qmflGtsf/L sDo'lg:6
/fd]5fksf] dGynLdf a'waf/ cfof]lht k|ltlglw ;b:o tyf /fd]5fk lhNnf kf6L{sf /d]z af]xf]/f, dfcf]jfbL s]Gb|sf
…kl/jlt{t ;Gbe{df >lds ;d'bfosf] OGrfh{ OGb| ;Ln] hgo' 4 sf] k|bz
] ;b:o p4j /Dt]n, g]kfn kqsf/
cj:yf / bfloTjÚ ljifos cGt/lqmof
sfo{qmdnfO{ ;Daf]wg ub}{ pgn] ;f] s'/f
atfPsL x'g\ .
pgn] kl/jlt{t ;Gbe{df >lds
;d'bfosf] cj:yf / bfloTjaf/]
cjwf/0ffsf] dxTj / cfjZostf ljifodf
k|:6\ofpFb} dfgj ;dfhsf] k'/fgf] ;dfhsf]
kl/efiffnfO{ ablnP/ gofF dfgj ;dfhsf]
kl/efiffsf nflu kf6L{n] ;L hflt, ;L
;dfhsf] cjwf/0ff NofPsf] atfOg\ .
pQm sfo{qmddf g]skfsf s]Gb|Lo
;b:o ;'j0{ f ;Ln] ;f+:s[lts ?kdf k|To]s
hfthflt ;d'bfox?nfO{ ljefhg u/]/ pknlAwx?nfO{ ckdfg ug{ cfh dxf;+3 lhNnf cWoIf ab|L gofF3/], lhNnf
clxn]sf] ;Qf l6ls/x]sfn] To;nfO{ xn ;fd|fHojfbLx?n] ljleGg k|sf/sf kfqx? af/ Pzf]l;o;gsf lhNnf cWoIf tyf
ug{ kf6L{n] ;L hfltsf] cjwf/0ff NofPsf] v8f u/]sf] atfP . >lds ju{sf] jl/i7 clwjQmf kf08j k|;fO{,+ dGynL
atfPsf 5g\ . pgn] clxn]sf] bnfn clwsf/ ;dfhjfbL Joj:yfdf dfq g=kf=–& j8f cWoIf e' j gxl/
Joj:yf cGTo u/L ;dfhjfbL Joj:yf ;Dej x'g] atfP . k|;fO{n
+ ufotn] sfo{kqdfly cf–cfˆgf]
:yfkgf eP dfq ;a}n] ;dfgtfsf] To;}u/L sfo{qmddf af]Nb} kf6L{sf wf/0ff /fv]sf lyP .
cg'el" t ug]{ atfP . s]Gb|Lo k|ltlglw ;ldlt ;b:o tyf pQm sfo{qmddf cjwf/0ff kq
g] t f ;' j { 0 f ;Ln] ;dfhjfbL k"jL{ tfD;flnª Ao'/f] hj; OGrfh{ >lds ljefu ;b:o xl/n] jfrg u/]sf
Joj:yfsf nflu klxnf ;a} o' u Lg ;Ln] >lds ;d' b fosf] lyP . sfo{qmdsf] ;+rfng /fd]5fk (D–
sDo'lg:6x?, k|ultzLn tTjx?, xslxtsf] lglDt ;a} >lds ju{ 2) ;]qm]6/L z+s/ ;Ln] u/]sf lyP eg]
b]zeQmx?, dfcf]jfbLx? Ps 7fpFdf Psh'6 eP/ PsLs[t hgqmflGtdf :jfut dGtJo /fd]5fk (D–1) ;]qm]6/L
cfpg' kg]{ / ;dfhjfbL Joj:yf Nofpg nfda4 eP/ j}1flgs ;dfhjfbsf ab|L ;Ln] /fv]sf lyP .
kl/kf6L :yflkt ug],{ ;dlu|s canDjg ug],{ kxnsb\dLdf cfly{s ;d[l4sf]
of]hgf th{d' f ug],{ zf;sLo ;'wf/ !#= ljutsf ljleGg sfnv08df ePsf dfWodaf6 cfly{s, ;fdflhs /
ug] { tyf b] z df b] v fk/] s f] cfGbf]ngx¿sf sf/0f ljleGg bnsf ;f+:s[lts ¿kfGt/0f ug]{ .Ú
clgoldttf, k|zf;lgs l9nf;':tL, g]tf– sfo{stf{x¿dfly nufOPsf
e|i6frf/, sldzgtGq h:tf d'2fx¿sf] vf/]hL / /fhaGbL
g]kfnsf]=====
ck/fw / ljs[ltnfO{ lgoGq0f u/L l/xfO{sf nflu cfjZos sfg"gL / kf6L{sf :yfoL ;ldlt ;b:o sd/]8 ;Gtf]if
a'9f -ljifd ;L_n] u/]sf lyP .
hgtfnfO{ ;bfrf/ / ;'zf;gsf] /fhgLlts kxn ug]{ . ljleGg
k|Tofe"lt u/fpg], /fhgLlts bnx¿;Fu ePsf e]nfn] ;dfhjfbL ;+3LotfnfO{
g]kfnL ljz]iftfsf] ;dfhjfb;Fu Ps
!!= ;‹Lotfsf] k|efjsf/L sfof{Gjogsf ;xdlt / ;Demf}tfx¿ sfof{Gjog
nflu ;‹, k|bz ] / :yfgLo txsf ug]{ . csf{ d f ;dfof] h g u/] / n} h fg]
lg0f{o;lxt ;a} hftLo If]qLo df]rf{x?sf]
;/sf/x¿aLrsf] If]qflwsf/nfO{ !$= ;dfhsf] ljljwtfo'Qm rl/qcg'¿k
:ki6 kfg],{ b]zsf] /fh:j tyf ;|ft] /fli6«o, nf]stflGqs / j}1flgs s]Gb|Lo e]nf ;Dd]ng Ps jif{leq
;DkGg ug]{ ePsf] 5 .
;fwgx¿ ;Gt'lnt / Gofof]lrt ;+:s[lt k|j4{g ug]{ . hflt, efiff,
¿kdf afF8kmfF6 ug]{ / /fHosf wd{ tyf ;+:s[ltsf] If]qdf /x]sf g] k fnL=====
tkm{ a f6 k| b fg ul/g] ;] j f ;Dk"0f{ e]befjx¿sf] cGTo u/L ljleGg dfWodaf6 @ s/f]8sf] xf/fxf/Ldf
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;‹Lo ;dfhjfbL k|0ffnLnfO{ ;d[4 k|fT] ;flxt ug]{ . cleofg l6d v6fPsf] lyof]] .
ug]{ . !%= ;dfhdf ljBdfg juL{o, hftLo, ;f]daf/ laxfg s]Gb|Lo sfof{no
!@= b]zsf] :jfwLgtf, ;fj{ef}d;Qf / If]qLo, lnËLo ;a} k|sf/sf zf]if0f, slknj:t'df dxf;lrj ljKnj ;L,
/fli6«o lxtsf] /Iff ug{ Pjd pTkL8g / lje]bx¿sf] cGTo u/L g]skfsf :yfoL sld6L ;b:o ljifd
hgtfsf] ;d[l4sf nflu ;+oQ' m ;dtf, :jtGqtf Pad\ Gofodf ;L, lklaPd tyf sfof{no ;lrj ljho
/fi6«;‹sf] j8fkq / k~rzLnsf] cfwfl/t ;fdflhs Joj:yf lgdf{0f ;L, ;L;LPd ;'zLn ;Lnufotsf]
l;4fGtnfO{ cfwf/dfgL :jtGq, ug]{ . >d– ;+:s[ltnfO{ k|fT] ;flxt pkl:yltdf ;xof]u x:tfGt/0f;lxtsf
c;+nUg / ;Gt'lnt k//fi6« gLlt ug] { . >dhLlj hgtfsf] sfo{qmd ;DkGg ePsf] xf] .
;fdflhs ;~hfn k|of]ustf{n] Wofg lbcf}+
Ø a]gfdL jf 5ßj]zL klxrfg l;h{gf u/L s'g} klg ljifoj:t' pTkfbg,
z]o/ jf l6Kk0fL gu/f},+
Ø ldYof, e|dk"0f{ ;"rgf, 3[0ff km}nfpg], ;fdflhs ;b\efj / ;lxi0f'tfdf
cfFr cfpg] vfnsf cleJolQm, >Jo b[Zo ;fdu|L, t:jL/ z]o/ gu/f},+
Ø ax'ljjfx, afnlajfx, dfgj j]rljvg / 5'jf5'th:tf sfg"gn] jlh{t
u/]sf ljifo jf lqmofsnfk ug{ k|fT] ;fxg gu/f},+
Ø c?nfO{ xf]Rofpg] ckdfg ug]h { :tf sfo{ ;fdflhs ;~hfnaf6 gu/f},+
Ø lghL k|sl[ tsf kmf]6f] lel8of] cg'dlt j]u/ 5fof+sg, k|sfzg tyf
k|;f/0f gu/f},+
Ø clZnn zJb tl:j/, >Jo, b[Zo, Plgd];g k|sfzg k|;f/0f gu/f},+
Ø afnof}g zf]if0f, of}g b'Jo{jxf/, b]xJofkf/nufotsf lqmofsnfknfO{
k|fT] ;fxg gu/f},+
Ø ljeT; t:jL/, lel8of] cknf]8 / z]o/ gu/f}+ .
g] k fn ;/sf/
lj1fkg af]8{