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jfdkGyL ;a} Ps x'gk' g]{ atfpg'eof] .
cGtlqm{of sfo{qmddf g]kfM /fli6«o
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bnx?sf] ;xof]u / ljZjf; /Xof]
eg] dfq o;n] cfk\mgf sfdx?nfO{
cufl8 a9fpg ;Sg] b]lvG5 .
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/x]sf lul/hfk|;fb sf]O/fnfnfO{
pgs} kf6L{sf g]tfx?n] slt ;fy
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lgwf{/0f xf]nf . Pdfn]leqaf6 t
;+oGqsf lj?4sf] cleofg s]kL
cf]nLaf6} z'? eO;s]sf] 5 . dfwj
g]kfn cfk\mgf] k|wfgdGqLsf] clwsf/
vf]l;g] kf] xf]ls eGg] lk/n] leq–
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;+oGqn] cfk\mgf] nIo, p2]Zo,
of]hgf / clwsf/sf af/]df k|i6\ofg'
k¥of] / k|i6 x'gk' ¥of]] . bf];f| ,] of]
lqmofl;n aGg' k ¥of] , sf] O /fnf
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t];|f] s'/f, gful/s ;jf]{Rrtfsf]
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unt sbdnfO{ ;Rofpg / /fli6«o
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atfpg'ePsf] 5 .
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cfof] l ht syf / sljtfsf]
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sfo{zfnf uf]i7LnfO{ ;Daf]wg ub}{
pxfFn] o:tf] s'/f atfpg'ePsf] xf] .
cWoIf 1jfnLn] juL{ o
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atfpFb} ;flxTosf/x?n] juL{o
;dfhsf] lje]b klxNofP/ ;dfh
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ug{ cfu|x ug'{eof] . ;flxTosf]
cfk\mgf] 5'§} dfGotf x'g] ePsf]n]
gf/fsf] txaf6 ar]/ ;flxTo l;h{gf
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sfo{qmddf jl/i7 ;dfnf]rs
] n] ;flxTo l;h{gfsf]
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sfof{no ;b:o lx/fdl0f b'MvLn]
hLjgk|lt cfzfjfbL ;flxTo g}
hLjGt ;flxTo x'g] wf/0ff /fVg'eof] .
dxf;+3 bfªsf cWoIf k|sfz
kGyLsf] cWoIftfdf ePsf]
sfo{ z fnf uf] i 7Ldf dxf;+ 3 sf
s]Gb|Lo cWoIf O{Zj/rGb| 1jfnL,
sfof{no ;b:o lx/fdl0f b'MvL,
jl/i7 ;dfnf]rs 8f=uf]kLGb| kf}8n ]
/ uhnsf/ 6Lsf/fd pbf;Ln]
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klg af]Ng'ePsf] lyof] . b'O{ lbg;Dd
rn]sf] uf]i7Lsf] ;~rfng dxf;+3
bfªsf ;lrj >Lw/ efj' s n]
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6l/ufpF ÷ bfªsf ljleGg
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u/]sf 5g\ . /fli6«o :jfwLgtf,
gful/s ;jf]R{ rtf, :yfoL zflGt
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lbg dfcf] j fbLn] jl/ufp“ s f]
agufp“ d f cfof] h gf u/] s f]
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lhNnf ;b:o Pj+ dlxnf ;+3sL
uflj; cWoIf sNkgf e08f/L,
t?0f bnsL lhNnf ;b:o Kof/L
rf}w/L;lxt g]kfnL sf+u; ]| af6 $&
hgf, >Ldg rf}w/L;lxt Pdfn]af6
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hgcfGbf]ng bfªsf ;+of]hs /fdhL
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rf}w/Ln] :jfut ug'e { Psf] lyof] .
g]kfnL sf+u;
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/ k"j{ ufp“ OsfO{ ;lrj OGb|axfb'/
v8\sfnufot % hgf sfo{stf{
dfcf]jfbLdf k|j]z u/]sf 5g\ .
pgLx?nfO{ dfcf]jfbL /fHo;ldlt
;b:o Pj+ !$ gDa/ Pl/of O~rfh{
k|df]b lwtfnn] :jfut ug'e{ Psf] lyof] .
df3L ldng ;df/f]x
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bfª÷;Nofg x'Fb} ;'v]{t
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zlgaf/ tLg lhNnfsf ;/f]sf/jfnf
;lDdlnt Ps ;+ o Gq lgdf{ 0 f
ul/Psf] 5 . bfª pBf]u jfl0fHo
;+3 / xfk'/] pBf]u jfl0fHo ;+3sf]
;+ o ' Q m cfof] h gfdf zlgaf/
xfk'/d ] f ;DkGg ;j{kIfLo a}7saf6
o:tf] ;+oGq lgdf{0f ul/Psf] xf] .
cfufdL rf/ jif{df bfª–;Nofg
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;fd'bflos jg dxf;+3sf] ljz]if dxflwj]zg ;DkGg
sfnfkTy/ a}7ssf] lg0f{o vf/]h ug{ dfu
t'n;Lk'/÷b]zel/sf
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;+oGqdf dWoklZrd ;8s l8lehg
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tyf ;ef;b\ 6]saxfb'/ a:g]tn]
ufpF s f ljsf;sf nflu
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/ kxnsf] k|z;+ f ub}{ u|fdL0f If]qsf]
ljsf;nfO{ lbuf] agfpg :yfgLo
hgtf cem} lqmofzLn aGg'kg]{
atfpg' e of] . pxfF n ] Hfgtfsf]
;+ljwfg aGg glbg] if8\oGq e}/x]sf]
atfpFb} ;+ljwfg lgdf{0fsf] qmddf
cfpg] afwfsf lj?4 klg hgtfn]
lg/Gt/ va/bf/L ug'k{ g]{ atfpg'eof] .
sfo{qmddf ;ef;b\ pdfsfGt
zdf{n] dfcf]jfbLn] dfq} lk5l8Psf
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;"rLdf /fv]sf] atfpg' eof] .
sfo{qmddf Pdfcf]jfbL ;Nofgsf
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sf+u|];sf ;lrj k|]daxfb'/ 8fFuL,
Pdfn]sf lhNnf ;b:o bnaxfb'/
s];L, lhlj; ;Nofgsf k|zf;sLo
clws[t ;'/]z clwsf/L / ;Nofg–
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ePsf] lyof] . df}nf]xfn]–/ftfdf6f–
kmf?nfrf}/ ;8s lgdf{0f ;ldltsf
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cWoIftfdf ;DkGg sfo{qmdsf]
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lyof] .
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ljifos Pslbg] cled'vLs/0f sfo{qmd
zlgaf/ 3f]/fxLdf ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . ;dfhsf
cWoIf ;Gtf]if blxtsf] cWoIftfdf ;DkGg
sfo{qmdsf k|dv ' cltlYf lhNnf lzIff
clwsf/L w'j| /fh s];Ln] lk5l8Psf] ju{nfO{
dfly p7fpg g;s]sf] sf/0f k|fljlws
hgzlQmsf] sdL /x]sf] wf/0ff JoQm ug'e{ Psf]
lyof] . pxfFn] d'ns ' df Joj;flos /
/f]huf/d"ns dft[efiffsf] lzIfflt/ ;/sf/
nfUg'kg]{ atfpg' eof] .
sfo{qmddf :jfg ;+:yfsf lgb]{zs
eflu/fd rf}w/L / k|aGws wgL/fd
rf}w/Ln] sDn/Lx?sf] ;d:ofdf s]lGb|t
/xL )^^ ;fnleq ;Dk"0f{ sDn/LnfO{
d'Qm ug]{ wf/0ff /fVg'ePsf] lyof] eg]
;dfhsf ;Nnfxsf/ afns[i0f rf}w/L,
PkmPg;Lsf dfgaxfb'/ If]qL, kqsf/
z/b clwsf/Lnufotn] dGtJo JoQm
ug{'ePsf] lyof] .
;+ljwfgdf k|fs[lts >f]tdflysf] b[ l i6sf] 0 f tof/ afFsL * k]hdf
u'0f:t/Lo O§fsf] 5gf]6, ;'Gb/ 3/sf] agf]6
ejg lgdf{0fsf nflu dgsfdgf O§f pBf]u Sjf8L
bfªåf/f pTkflbt u'0f:t/Lo O{§f k|of]u u/L ;w}el/
9'Ss /xf}+ .
laqmL l8kf]
;lxb pd]zdfu{ 3f]/fxL, bfª dgsfdgf O§f pBf]u
kmf]g M )*@–%^@@)( Sjf8L bfª kmf]g g+= )*@–^(@#($
afn c:ktfn ;~rfngdf
g]kfn–ef/t d}qL pdfz+s/gfy of]uL :d[lt afn :jf:Yo s]Gb| afn c:ktfnn]
ldlt @)^^ d+l;/ @$ ut]bl] v :jf:Yo ;]jf ;~rfng z'? u/]sf] 5 . jl/i7
afn/f]u ljz]if1 8fS6/x? sflGtafn c:ktfn sf7df08f}, d]l8sn sn]h
g]kfnu~h, cfDbf afnc:ktfn a'6jnnufotsf 8f=x?af6 ;do–;dodf /
jl/i7 lrlsT;s 8f= lxds/ 1jfnL, 8f= cNtfkm x';g] / hg:jf:Yo clws[t
cf/= l8= zfxnufotsf :jf:YosdL{åf/f lgoldt ?kdf lj/fdL hfFr eO/x]sf]
hfgsf/L u/fOG5 . cf– cfk\mgf lj/fdL afnaflnsfx?nfO{ o;} afn c:ktfndf
NofO{ nfe lng'xg' cg'/f]w ub{5f}+ . ;fy} afnaflnsfx?nfO{ vf]k lbO/x]sf] /
dlxnfsf] :jf:Yo hfFr;d]t ul/g] Joxf]/f ;xif{ hfgsf/L u/fpFb5f}+ .
cf]kL8L ;]jf M laxfg !)M))– @M)) ;Dd .
;Mz'Ns ;]jf M lbp;f] lbp;f] #M)) b]lv %M)) ah];Dd .
3f]/fxL–!! lzja:tL 6f]n, bfª -lxGb' ljBfkL7sf] k5fl8_
 jif{ !@, c+s *, @)^^ kf}if @^ ut] cfOtaf/
k|sfzs M lgd{n cfrfo{
;Dkfbs M chobLk zdf{
sfo{sf/L ;Dkfbs M x'dk|;fb a:ofn
;x–;Dkfbs M l8NnL dNn pk–;Dkfbs M k|sfz rf}w/L
/fli6«o :jflwgtf;lxtsf]
Joj:yfks M uf]ljGb v8\sf sDKo'6/ ;]l6ª M nIdL rf}w/L
sfof{no M 3f]/fxL–!! sf7]sf]xn, bfª
d'b|0f M ‘k|ltef ckm;]6 k|;] ’ 3f]/fxL, bfª
E-mail : naulojanaubhar@gmail.com
gful/s ;jf]R{ rtfsf] cfGbf]ng
kmf]g÷k\mofS; M )*@–%^!&@%
;DkfbsLo cd/ cf]nL ‘clUg’
cof]Uosf] alxu{dg / ;]gf ;dfof]hg
g]kfnsf] zflGt k|so[ f /x]sf] ;+oQ' m /fi6« ;+3Lo ld;g cgldgn] cof]Uo
PsLs[ t dfcf] j fbLn] /fli6« o
:jfwLgtfsf] lglDt cfGbf] n gsf
sfo{qmdx? ;fj{hlgs u/]sf] 5 . p;n]
7x¥ofPsf dfcf]jfbL n8fs'sf] alxu{dg sfo{ l;Gw'nLsf] b'wf}nL l:yt ;fj{hlgs u/]sf sfo{qmdnfO{ x]g]{ xf] eg]
hg;]gfsf] bf];f| ] l8lehgaf6 laxLaf/b]lv cf/De ul/Psf] 5 . cgldgn] To;nfO{ gful/s ;jf]{Rrtf;Fu hf]8\g'
clgjfo{ b] l vG5 . lsgls gful/s
pd]/sf] xbaGbL tf]s/] k|df0fLs/0fsf nflu cof]Uo 7flgPsf pgLx?nfO{ ;jf]R{ rtfsf] x/0f ljb]zLsf] OZff/fdf gfRg]
df3sf] @$ ut];Dddf ;j} lzlj/x?af6 x6fO;Sg] jtfPsf] 5 . k|df0fLs/0f s7k'tnLsf sf/0f ePsf] xf] . o;sf] cy{
ubf{ cgldgn] $ xhf/ a9LnfO{ cof]Uo 7x¥ofPsf] lyof] . ;/sf/n] /fli6«otfsf] /Ifflagf gful/s ;jf]R{ rtfsf]
pgLx?nfO{ a;f]af; / k'g:{ yfkgfsf] Joj:yf gu/]kl5 pgLx? clxn];Dd /Iff x'g' c;Dej 5 . o;f] x'g'sf] d'n
lzlj/df a:b} cfPsf lyP . clxn] c:yfoL lzlj/df aL; xhf/eGbf sf/0f nf] s tGqlj/f] w Lx?sf]
kl/jt{glj/f]wL rl/q g} xf] .
dflysf] ;+Vofdf hgd'lQm ;]gfx? ;dfof]hgsf] ldltnfO{ kv]/{ al;/x]sf Ps dlxg] e08fkmf]/ / ;ª\3if{sf]
5g\ . pgLx?nfO{ ! ;o !@ lbgleq ;dfof]hg ul/g] s'/fsf] ;}4flGts qmddf ef/tåf/f ;Ldf cltqmd0f ePsf
;xdlt ev{/} ;/sf/ / bnx?sf aLrdf ePklg To;sf] k|fljlws / cGo ljleGg 7fpFx?df hg;efx? x'Fb}5g\ .
kIfsf w]/} s'/fx?df cem} ;xdlt h'6g\ ;s]s ] f] 5}g . h;df cWoIf s=k| r 08, s=ls/0f,
kl/jt{gsf] kIfdf cfk\mgf] Hofgsf] s'jf{gL ug{ tof/ eP/ /fhtGqsf] s=afa'/fd e§/fO{, s=k|sfznufotsf
cGTosf nflu n8]sf of]4fx?nfO{ lgsfNbf /fHon]] u/]sf] a]jf:tf pgLx?dflysf] jl/i7 g]tfx?n] ;Daf]wg ug]{ sfo{qmd
to ul/Psf] 5 . o:tf] sfo{qmdn] k|i6
cGofo dfq geO{ nf]stGqs} ckdfg xf] . b]zdf ePsf] kl/j{tgsf nflu b'O{ s'/fnfO{ atfpF5 . klxnf], ca of]
pgLx?n] u/]sf] Tofu / alnbfgnfO{ cfu|xsf cfFvfn] x]//] cjd"Nog ug{' b]zdf PsLs[t dfcf]jfbLafx]s c? s'g}
ToxL g} lg/ª\sz ' tfsf] cEof; xf] . ;TonfO{ n'sfP/ rNg' ToxL g} dgk/LtGq kf6L{ klg 5}g, h;n] /fli6«o cv08tf /
xf] . ;/sf/ lzlj/af6 aflxl/Psf cof]Uo n8fs'x?sf] eljiok|lt k"0f{tof ;fj{ef}ldstfsf] /Iff ub}{ gofF / ;d'Ggt
u}/lhDd]jf/ / pbfl;g ag]sf] 5 . pgLx?sf] k'g:{ yfkgfdf ;/sf/n] s'g} g] k fnsf] lgdf{ 0 f ug{ ;S5 .
dfcf]jfbLafx]s c? kf6L{x? t s]jn
cfly{s ;xof]usf] Kofs]h lbg dfg]g . cfly{s ;xof]usf nflu ;/sf/ ljb]zLsf /f]af]6 dfq x'g\ . bf]>f], Pdfn],
;xdt gePkl5 dfcf]jfbLn] zflGt k|so[ fsf] ;+jb] gl;ntfnfO{ a'em]/ PstkmL{ sf+u|];h:tf s7k'tnL kf6L{sf sf/0f
?kdf pgLx?nfO{ lzlj/af6 aflx/ lgsfNg] lg0f{o u/]sf] xf] . cgldgn] gful/s ;jf] { R rtf u' D g uPsf] xf] .
cof]Uo 7fg]kl5 pgLx?nfO{ plta]n} plrt Joj:yfkg u/]/ lgsflng' kg]{ xf] . o;sf/0f casf] cfGbf] n g /fli6« o
l9n} ePklg pgLx?nfO{ lgsfNg] sfdsf] yfngL x'g' zflGt k|so[ fsf] lx;fan] :jfwLgtf /Iffsf] cfGbf]ng xf], h;df
;sf/fTds dfGg'k5{ . t/, pgLx?nfO{ ;/sf/n] s'g} of]hgf, Joj:yfkg / ;Dk"0f{ u0ftGqjfbLx?, b]zeQmx? /
kl/jt{ g kIfw/ lbnf] Hofg nufP/
cfly{s ;xof]u lagf g} lg:sg' kg]{ afWotfsf] l;h{gf ul/lbPsf] 5 of] sfo{ nfUg'k5{ .
;/sf/sf nflu Tolt kmnbfoL / pknAwL x'g] b]lvb}g . ;/sf/n] k'gM:yfkgfdf Pdfn] pkfWoIf jfdb] j uf} t ds}
nfUg] af6f]g} aGb ul/lbPkl5 ljrf/n] k|lta4 pgLx? kf6L{df ;dlk{t eP/ egfO{nfO{ x]g{] xf] eg] Pdfn]n] ljb]zLsf]
nfUg] s'/f t :jtM eOxfNof] . t/, ToxfF /x]sf s]xL To:tf JolQmx?nfO{ s'g} Ozf/fdf clxn]sf] blIf0fkGyL u7aGwgsf]
unt tTjx?n] k|of]u ug]{ vt/f klg Tolts} /x]sf] 5 . pgLx?sf] ;}Go ;Lk, g]tT[ j u/]sf] xf] . klxn] /fi6«kltsf] sbd
bIftf / IfdtfnfO{ unt tTjn] k|of]u u¥of] eg]klg To;sf] lhDd]jf/ c?
sf]xL geO{ of] ;/sf/g} x'g] s'/fdf s'g} b'ljwf 5}g .
cof]Uosf] alxu{dg;Fu} zflGt k|so[ fsf] cleGg cª\u ag]sf] ;]gf ;dfof]hg df]h u/ dfs'g] csf]{ df}sf slxn]–slxn] <
k|so[ fsf] ljifo klg clxn] rrf{df 5 . /fhgLlts j[Qaf6 ul/g] o;sf] rrf{ slDgi6sf] s§' km'sfnL afafhLsf]
clxn];Dd klg ljjfbsf] 3]/fleqaf6} x'g] u5{ . k'/fgf ;+;bjfbL bnx? n+uf}6L a]g]{ a]nf kLPdhLsf] s';L{df
ljif]z u/L sf+u; ]| / Pdfn]n] hg;]gfnfO{ /fli6«o ;]gfdf ;dfof]hg gu/fpg] lj/fhdfg ldi6/ dfs'g] pkm{ ufoqf0fL
kltb]jn] ;fFlRrs} efUodf n]v/] } NofÚ/}5g\
kIfdf lbnf]Hofg lbP/ nfu]sf 5g\ eg] ef/tn] klg pgLx?nfO{ pS;fP/ ;]gf ls Sof xf] < c?n] clj/ 3:b} ubf{
;dfof]hg gu/fpg] kIfdf nfu]sf] 5 . of] s'/f cGtl/d ;+ljwfg / zflGt v/fgL 3:g' k/]kl5 /fhgLltaf6 ;Gof;
k|so[ flj/f]wL sbd xf] . zflGt k|so[ fdf pNn]lvt b'j} ;]gfnfO{ nf]stflGqs/0f lnG5' eGb} lx8]sf] 8]9 jif{ glaTb} slDgi6
/ Jofj;flos/0f ub}{ /fli6«o ;]gfdf ;dflxt u/fpg] s'/fsf] lj?4df k'/f]lxt ldi6/ dfs'gn ] ] clxn] uHhasf]
;QfkIfx? nfu]/ l;Ëf] zflGt / ;+ljwfg lgdf0f{sf] k|so[ fnfO{ g} w/fkdf kfg]{ b'gf] ufO{ kf] km]nf kf/]sf 5g\ .
sf]lz; ul//x]sf 5g\ . ;+ljwfg alg;Sg' kg]{ ;do cfOk'Ug ca s]xL x' g t b' l gofF n ] eG5g\ dfs' g ]
dxf]bonfO{– s7k'tnL ;/sf/, s7k'tnL
dlxgfdfq afFsL 5 . Tof] eGbf cufl8g} ;]gf ;dfof]hg ul/;Sg' kg]{ x'G5 . kLPd, s7k'tnL dfs'g,] s7k'tnL zf;g .
o;nfO{ zflGt / kl/jt{gsf] Pp6f dxTjk"0f{ k|so[ fg} dflgPsf] 5 . zflGt cem sltkon] eG5g\– ;'bsf] uf]7df
k|so[ f h:tf] dxTjk"0f{ ljifodf ;/sf/ df}g /lx/x]sf a]nf ! ;o !@ lbgleq afFlwPsf] /fF6] uf]?, sf]O/fnf]sf] vf]/df
;]gf ;dfof]hg ul/;Sg] ;j}sf] k|lta4tf cfpg'nfO{ /fd|f] / :jfutof]Uo kflnPsf] ;'uF /' , g]kfnL hgtfaf6 x?jf,
sbd dfGg'k5{ . t/, ;/sf/n] lzlj/df /x]sf ;]gfx?nfO{ ;dfhsf ljleGg blIf0fsfnL k|e'b]jsf] h'Qfsf] tn'jf,
8/5]?jf, kfgLd?jf, b]za]rj' f, s'nu+ f/,
lgsfo / cf}Bf]lus If]qsf] ;'/Iffdf /fVg] elg NofPsf] k|:tfjn] ;]gfsf] /fi6«3ftL, ck/fwL, slDgi6sf] vf]n
;dfof]hg x'g] s'/f d'lZsndfq geO{ c;Dej h:t} 5 . lsgls Tof] k|:tfj cf]9s ] f] AjfF;f] s]–s] xf] s]–s] hflt .
zflGt ;Demf}tfsf] efjgf / l:k|8 ljk/Lt dflgG5 . v}/, h;n] h];s ' } eg"g\ dfs'g] dxf]bo
lzlj/leq /x]sf hg;]gf eg]sf cfk\mg} ljj]s / pRr r]tgfn] ;Eo Û b]zaf;L b'lgofFn] nv]6k] lg, x/fPklg,
/ ;d'Ggt ;dfhsf] :yfkgfy{ lx8]sf kl/jt{gsf ;f/yL x'g\ . pgLx? n'6fPklg, sd{ km'6fPklg cflv/ ltdLnfO{
o:tf] dxfg\ cj;/ h'6fOlbg] blIf0faf;L
/fhtGqnfO{ arfpgsf nflu geO{ :jtGqtf / d'lQmsf nflu n8]sf k|eb' j] klg t oxL ;+;f/df /x]5g\ . ctM
l;kfxL x'g\ . tf]stflGqs elgg] ;/sf/n] pgLx?sf] ;Ddfg ub}{ zflGt r'gfjdf xf/]kl5em}+ u/L lhGbuLdf slxNo}
;Demf}tfsf] efjgf / l:k|8nfO{ ks8]/ pgLx?nfO{ /fli6«o ;]gfdf ;dfof]hg klg lg/fz x'gr' flxF /fd|f] xf]Og x} . a?
ug's{ f] ljsNk 5}g / of] ;To ljgf zflGt k|so[ f klg tfls{s lgisif{df k'Ug of] dxfg\ cj;/ kfPsf] a]nf ug'{ df]h
;Sb}g . ;dfof]hg ubf{ pgLx?sf] OR5fnfO{ a'lemg'k5{ t/ ;]gfdf g} u/, vfpm, x;'/, c;'n, hlt ;S5f}
;dflxt ul/g' x'Gg eGg] s'/f s'g} ts{ geO{ k|ltufdL v]ndfq xf] . ;j} ltd|f] as{tn] EofP;Dd of] ;+;f/sf] cfgGb
n'6, o:tf] df}sf, o:tf] cj;/, o:tf]
;]gfdf ;dfof]hg gx'g klg ;S5g\ . t/, pgLx?sf] OR5f a'em]/ dfq} lbg / o:tf] If0f km]l/ gcfpg klg t
cGoq :yfgdf k'gM:yfkgf jf ;dfhsf] cGo 7fpFdf /fHon] nufpg ;S5 . -;fob cfpb}g ._
;S5 . nfdf] ;dob]lv ;}Go ;+/rgfleq /x]sf / lzlj/x?df si6s/ ltdL hlGdPs} lyPgf} ;fob, of]
hLjg u'hf{b} zflGt k|so[ fnfO{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpFb} cfO/x]sf of]Uo / ;Ifd b]zdf uf]kfnk|;fb l/dfn eGg] Pp6f
n8fs'x?nfO{ ;fd"lxs ?kn] g} ;]gfdf ;dfof]hg ul/g] s'/f 7Ls / slj hlGdPsf lyP /] . h]xf];,\ pgn]
j}1flgs x'g hfG5, ul/g' kg]{ klg To;/L g} xf] . b'j} ;]gfsf] ;dfof]hg sljtf s'g k|;u+ df n]v] Totfkl§ ghfpmF .
pgn] sljtfdf o:tf] n]vs ] f lyP– …Ps
ljgf g]kfnL hgtfn] zflGt / kl/jt{gsf] cg'el" t / cfzf ug{ ;Sg] l:ylt h'udf Ps lbg Psk6s cfpF5 .Ú xf],
/xFbg} . of] s'/f ;j} /fhgLlts bn / ;/sf/n] /fd|f; ] uF a'em]/ To;} d}n] eGg vf]hs ] f] dfs'g] dxf]bo, ltd|f]
cg';f/ rNg cfjZos 5 . nflu Tof] Pslbg clxn] g} cfPsf] 5,
;fdlosL
;Ldf cltqmd0f hf/L /xg' , ;/sf/ k| T oIf?kdf ef/tsf]
Ozf/fdf ;~rflnt x' g ' , ;/sf/sf dGqLx?n] ;Ldf ;d:ofaf/]
ljjfbf:kb cleJolQm ;fj{hlgs ug'{ / ef/t e|d0fsf] qmddf k|d
dfwj g] k fnn] ;Ldf cltqmd0fsf] af/] d f s' / f ug{ g;Sg' s f]
sf/0fn] /fli6« o tfsf] cfGbf] n g clgjfo{ ag] s f] xf] . ;g\ !(%)
nufotsf ;Dk"0f{ c;dfg ;lGw;Demf}tfsf] vf/]hL ug{ / hf/L
;Ldf cltqmd0fnfO{ /f]Sg;d]t dfcf]jfbL cfGbf]ng ;xL 7xl/G5 .
unt xf] eGg' / kl5 cfP/ To;nfO{ ;xL
;fljt ug{ vf]Hg' blIf0fkGyL u7aGwgsf]
csf] { kf6f] dfq xf] . ;' : tf,
sfnfkfgLnufotsf ^^ a9L :yfgdf
ef/tLo ;'/Iff an P;P;aLn] ;Ldf
cltqmd0f hf/L g} /fv]sf] 5 . ;Ldf
;'/Iffsf] af/]df ;/sf/sf] s'g} k|i6 wf/0ff
g} 5} g . k| d dfwj g] k fnsf] s] x L
;docl3sf] ef/t e|d0fdf pgn] s'g}
7f]; Ph]08fsf] p7fg u/]gg\ . a? ;}lgs
;xof]usf] rrf{ a9L lyof] . o;} k|;ª\udf
ef/tsf k|wfg;]gfklt lbkssk'/n] g]kfnL
;] g fdf dfcf] j fbL hgd' l Qm ;] g fsf]
;dfof]hg ug{ gx'g] egfO{ ;fj{hlgs
u/]sf 5g\ . of] klg ef/tLo P;P;aLåf/f
ePsf] ;Ldf cltqmd0f hlQs}sf] dxTjk"0f{
OZo' xf] .
kl5Nnf] r/0fdf ef/tn] ;} G o
;xof]usf] 3f]if0ff ug'{ / ptf csf]{ l5d]sL
d'n's rLgn] ;d]t ;xof]usf] tTk/tf
b] v fpg' n fO{ :jefljs ?kdf a' e \ m g
;lsb}g . lsgeg] ef/tsf] ;}Go ;xof]u
x:tIf]kd} cfwfl/t 5 t/ rLgsf] eg]
abnfsf] ?kdf dfq 5 . rLgn] g]kfndf
ef/tLo x:tIf]knfO{ lsdfy{ ;xg ;Sb}g .
rLgsf] ;xof]u b'O{ tYodf cfwfl/t 5 .
Ps, ltAatsf wfld{s g]tf bnfO{ nfdfsf]
g]t[Tjdf ;~rflnt k|mL ltAat cfGbf]ng
g] k fndf s' g } :j?kdf ;nanfpg
gkfcf];\ / bf]>f], ef/tsf] x:tIf]ksf]
;f+s]lts lj/f]w ug{' /x]sf] 5 . x'g t
rLg;Fu ;fdfGo ;Ldf ljjfb dfq 5 .
t/ s'g} klg b'O{ b]zsf] aLrdf
k~rzLnsf] l;4fGtsf] cfwf/df dfq
cfk;L ;xdlt / ;xsfo{ x'g ;S5 .
k~rzLn eg] s f] ;g\ !(%% df
afª\u8'+udf ePsf] cGt/f{li6«o ;Dd]ngn]
;fob ca Tof] csf]k{ 6s cfpg] 5}g .
To;}n] of] h'udf ltdLn] ug'{kg]{ ;a}
sd{sf08 o} a]nf k"/f u/ . ug'k{ g]{ df]hd:tL,
;f+;fl/s hLjgsf] cfgGb ePhlt afFsL
g/fvL r'Qmf u/ .
x'g t ;'Gb}5 d– df]hd:tL cleofg
/ bfh'efO{, Oi6ldq, sfsfelthfb]lv
5f]/fgflt;Ddsf] hf]xf] ug]{ cleofg ;fGbf/
;kmn eO/x]sf] 5 /] . To:tf] dxfg\ sfo{df
ltd|f] ;w}+ ;kmntf ldnf];,\ sfnf] em08f /
;8s jfo'sf] k|efj gk/f];,\ blIf0fsfnL
k|es
' f] lbJob[li6, uf]7fnf dxf]bo ;'bsf]
xl/of] 3fF; / sf]O/fnf]sf] bfgfkfgL lgoldt
eO/xf];\ oxL sfdgf ub{5' .
ufp“n] ofqL
58\s] gh/
clxn] ev{/ ;f9] ;ft dlxgf t eof]
Sof/] ltdLn] ;Qfsf] g'g rfVg yfn]sf]
klg . of] g'g rfVg] v]nf] slxn];Dd xf]
o;} eGg ;lsg] cj:yf 5}g . t}klg of]
5f]6} cjlwdf ltdLn] Oi6ldq, cfkmGthg
/ efOaGw'x?nfO{ ;?jf, a9'jf, tf]sj' f,
7f]sj' f u/]/ …g]kfn b]zÚsf] t eGg ldn]g
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ltd|f] of] dxfg\ sfo{sf] ltd|f efO{ef/bf/sf
gfltgfltgfb] l v kgflt / hgflt
hgfltgLx?n] klg ;fob} e'Ng]5g\ .
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xtf{stf{ kLPd . b]zaf;L b'lgofFbl] v ;'bjfn]
uf]7fnf] x'Fb} blIf0fsfnL k|eb' j] ;DdnfO{
l/emfpg'kg]{ h]7fn] hfaf] cfkm\g} ;xf]b/
dfOnf efO{nfO{ lsg s'bl[ i6 /fVg' < To;}n]
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agfOlbP xªsªsf] dxfjfl0fHob't .
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k7fpg'kg]{ 7fpFdf slgi6 d]sflgsn
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Psn] csf] { d' n ' s sf] :jtGqtf,
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ug]{, bf];|f], csf{sf] cfGtl/s dfldnfdf
x:tIf]k gug]{, t];|f], ;dfgtf / kf/:kl/s
lxtnfO{ sfod ug]{, rf}yf], cgfqmd0f /
kfFrf} zflGtk"0f{ ;xcl:tTjnfO{ :jLsf/
ug]{ pNn]v 5g\ . oL afx]ssf] cj:yfdf
cfk;L ;DaGw ;'dw'/ x'Fb}g . oxfFg]/ rf/
gDa/sf] a' F b fnfO{ 5f] 8 \ b f ef/tn]
k~rzLnsf ;a} l;4fGt pNnª\3g u/]sf]
7x5{ . o;sf/0f clxn] g]kfn ef/tsf]
cw{cf}klgj]lzs b]z aGg uPsf] 5 . oxfFsf
zf;sx? ;fd|fHojfbLx?sf] bafadf k/]/
b]zsf] zf;g ;~rfng ul//x]sf 5g\ .
of] ;/sf/ ToxL cGtu{tsf] g} xf] . o;/L
x] b f{ /fli6« o :jfwLgtf jt{ d fgdf
hNbf]aNbf] ;d:of aGg uPsf] 5 . o;}sf]
nflu dfcf]jfbL cfGbf]ng ;fGble{s 5 .
;':tf, sfnfkfgLnufotsf ef/tLo
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kSsf 5 . o;f] x'Fbf gful/s ;jf]{Rrtfsf]
cfGbf]ng cem gofF pFrfO{df p7\g hfG5 .
;Ldf cltqmd0f hf/L /xg' , ;/sf/
k|ToIf?kdf ef/tsf] Ozf/fdf ;~rflnt
x'g,' ;/sf/sf dGqLx?n] ;Ldf ;d:ofaf/]
ljjfbf:kb cleJolQm ;fj{hlgs ug'{ /
ef/t e|d0fsf] qmddf k|d dfwj g]kfnn]
;Ldf cltqmd0fsf] af/] d f s' / f ug{
g;Sg'sf] sf/0fn] /fli6«otfsf] cfGbf]ng
clgjfo{ ag]sf] xf] . ;g\ !(%) nufotsf
;Dk"0f{ c;dfg ;lGw;Demf}tfsf] vf/]hL
ug{ / hf/L ;Ldf cltqmd0fnfO{ /f]Sg;d]t
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pkfWofo g]kfn k'u] Tof] klg k|lqmof
ldRb} 7"NbfO{sf] b't eP/ . dfOnfnfO{ t
eof], sfG5f] emg\ afcfdf nf8] 5f]/f .
To;nfO{ lsg x]nf ug'{ < clg sfG5f
efO{;fÚk ;/f]h/fh pkfWofo eP cfkm}
dftxtsf] lgl/If0f tyf cg' u dg
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kfPkl5 gfd, bfd, xNsf ePklg ;Ddfg== .
c? s] rflxof] / Tof] eGbf a9L <
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To;}n] efO{x?nfO{ lbPkl5 lbbLnfO{ klg
t s]xL lbg}k/f] . clg ef~hfhL lgt]z
kf}8n] n] kfOxfn] cfk\mg} af/Lsf] :jsLo
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uf]7df afFlwPkl5 /fF6] uf]?n] cgluGtL
lslt{dfgx? sfod ul/;s]sf 5g\ .
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abNg] a:t' xf]Og . To;nfO{ b'lgofF
abNg] ef}lts a:t'sf] ?kdf ljsf;
ug{sf] nflu l;4fGt lgi7 ;+u7gsf]
h?/t kb{5 . To;}n] ;+u7g Tof]
;fwg xf] h;n] l;4fGtnfO{ oyfy{df
?kfGt/0f ub{ 5 / o;sf]
j}1flgstfnfO{ k'li6 ub{5 . To;}n]
sDo'lgi6x?n] hlt l;4fGt, ljrf/
/ /fhgLltnfO{ Wofg lbG5g\
;+u7gnfO{ klg ;f]xL :t/df Wofg
lbg' h?/L x'G5 . hlt ljrf/sf]
ljsf;sf] ;Gbe{df ax; ub{5g\
To;/L g} ;+u7gfTds l;4fGtsf]
;Gbe{df lrGtg ug{' / ljsf; ug{'
cfjZos 5 . qmflGtnfO{ k"0f{tfdf
abNg ljb|fx] sf] clGtd a]nf jf
;+3if{sf] lg0ff{os cj:yfdf ;j}nfO{
of] cToGt v8\lsg] / hLt xf/sf]
lg0ff{ o s ljifo aGg k' U b5 .
To;sf/0fn] ;dod} o;nfO{ Wofg
lbg' / ;d:of xn ug{s ' f] ljsNk
5}g / xFb' g} . cGoyf k5'tfpg' /
;dLIffsf] nflu dfq ;dLIff ug{
x'g hfg] b]lvG5 .
g]kfnsf] qmflGtsf/L cfGbf]ngsf]
Oltxf;df ;+u7gfTds ;d:ofx?
tLj| ?kdf b]vf kl//fv]sf 5g\ .
o;sf] Oltxf;nfO{ x]g]{ xf] eg]
dfcf]jfbL hgo'4sf] ;+u7gsf]
If]qafx]s / To;sf] cufl8sf]
cjlwsf] l:yltdf ;+u7gdf Hofb}
;+sL0f{tfsf] ;d:of, qmflGtsf/L l:k|8
/ alnbfgL efjsf] ;d:of, cf:yf,
b[li6sf]0f / clei6;Fu hf]l8P/
;+u7g ug{e' Gbf cf}krfl/stf k"/f
ug{ ;fdGotM kf6L{nfO{ hLjGt /fVg
xb;Ddsf] dfq ;+u7g ug]{ l:ylt,
sltko cj:yfdf /fhgLlts
k|lti7fsf] nflu dfq ;+u7g eg]
h:tf] lyof] . To;sf] k|efj hgo'4sf]
k|f/Desf] s]xL ;do kl5;Dd b]vf
k¥of] . To;sf] k|ToIf c;/ sDo'lgi6
kf6L{sf] ;+u7g hgtfsf] aLrdf
:yflkt gx'g,' cfwf/e"t ju{df kf6L{
jf ;+u7g gk'Ug', cfwf/e"t ju{nfO{
sDo'lgi6 kf6L{kl| t ljZjf; gx'g' jf
ljZjf; ghfUg' / l;ª\uf] cfwf/e"t
ju{ cfGbf]ngdf ;xefuL gx'g]
;d:of lyof] . oL ;j} ;d:ofsf]
cGto{df sDo'lgi6 kf6L{sf] qmflGtsf]
:ki6 sfo{ l bzf, sfo{ o f] h gf,
qmflGtk| l tsf] ljZjf; /
OdfGbfl/tfsf] cefj g} d'Vo lyof] .
t/, @)$* kl5 Tof] sfo{lbzfsf]
;d:of xn eO;s]kl5 @)%@ ;Dd
klg Tof] ;d:of s]xL xb;Dd xn
ePklg w]/} xb;Dd Tof] hLljt}
lyof] . @)%@ sf] hgo'4sf] 3f]if0ffn]
tL ;j} sfo{lbzf, of]hgf, ljZjf;
/ OdfGbfl/tfsf] ;d:of xn eof] .
sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ ;fFlRrs} sDo'lgi6
kf6L{ h:tf] aGg k'Uof] . kf6L{leq
;+u7gsf] nflu ;j}eGbf pQd
ljifo d[To' jf d'lQmsf] jfSo :yflkt
eof] . kf6L{ ;b:o, g]tf sfo{stfdf
ug{' jf 5f]8g\ s
' f] ljsNk v8f eof] .
cf}krfl/s / /fhgLlts k|lti7fsf
;j} ljifo elTsg k'u] . lxhf]sf
qmflGtsf/L elgg] u2f/ aGg] /
qmflGtsf] gfd} g;'gs ] f dfG5] jL/
of]4f aGg] l:ylt k}bf eof] . To;kl5
qmflGtk|lt k|lta4, ;j{xf/f ju{kl| t
k|lta4 ju{ / ljrf/k|lt lgi7fjfg,
d'lQm / :jtGqtfk|lt b[9 dfG5]x?sf]
nfdf] k"0f{sfnLg k+lQm kf6L{leq b]vf
k¥of] . of] k+lQmnfO{ :jefljs ?kdf
qmflGt arfpg, qmflGtsf] lj:tf/
ug{, b'ZdgnfO{ cfqmd0f ug{ /
b'ZdgnfO{ rSdf lbg clgjfo{ ?kdf
hgtfsf] aLrdf hfg'kg],{ ;+u7g
ug{k' g],{ hgtfnfO{ k|lzlIft ug{k' g]{
l:ylt k}bf eof] / kf6L{sf] nflu
;+u7g clgjfo{ lbgrof{ / hLjg
k4lt aGg k'Uof] . o;n] sDo'lgi6
kf6L{df b]vfk/]sf w]/} ;+u7gfTds
;d:ofx?sf] xn u¥of] . hgtf /
kf6L{ a Lrsf] ;DaGw, hgtf /
sfo{stf{aLrsf] ;DaGw, sfo{stf{ /
g]tfaLrsf] ;DaGw ;j} juL{o
;DaGwdf xflb{stf / efjgfTds
;DaGwsf] ljsf; / lj:tf/ x'g
k'Uof] . Tofu / alnbfgn] qmflGt /
d'lQm / kf6L{kl| t hgtfsf] ckf/
ljZjf; pn]/{ hgtf cfkm} alnbfg
ug{] :t/df ljsl;t eof] . o;n]
l;4fGtn] JofVof u/] h:t} df5f /
kfgLsf] ;DaGw, gª / df;'sf]
;DaGwnfO{ k'li6 jf k|dfl0ft ug{]
:t/df k'Uof] . jf o;f] eGg ;lsG5,
sDo'lgi6 kf6L{sf] ;+u7gfTds
l;4fGtnfO{ Jojxf/n] k'li6 u/L k'gM
l;4fGtsf] :t/df p7fOlbof] .
Tolta]nf hgtfsf] aLrdf ;+u7gsf]
;Gbe{df ;x/L Onfsfdf ;'/Iffsf]
;fdfGo ;d:ofafx]s 7"nf] ;d:of
b]vf k/]g . o;n] g} hgo'4nfO{
kl5Nnf] ljZjs} lslt{dfgL Oltxf;sf]
?kdf pEofOlbof] . l;+ u f]
ljZj;j{xf/f ju{nfO{ ljZjqmflGtsf]
Pp6f cfzfk'~hsf] ?kdf, gofF
cf:yfsf] k|tLssf] ?kdf :yflkt
ul/lbof] . of] g]kfnL qmflGtsf] nflu
dfq geO{ l;+uf] ljZj;j{xf/f ju{sf]
nflu Pp6f uj{sf] ljifo / ljZj
sDo'lgi6 cfGbf]ngsf] nflu cIfo
;DklQ ag]sf] 5 .
cfh g]kfnL sDo'lgi6 cfGbf]ng
leGg ?kdf xfd|f cufl8 plePsf]
5 . qmflGtsf] clgjfo{tf, qmflGtsf]
;Defjgf / r' g f} l tsf b[ l i6n]
lxhf]eGbf cfh hf]lvd / ;+jb] gzLn
7fpFdf g]kfnL qmflGt cjl:yt 5 .
ju{ ;+3if{sf] ?ksf lx;fan] xfdL
zflGtk"0f{ ?kdf cl3 a9\g] cf}krfl/s
gf/f cufl8 ;f/]sf 5f}+ . sfo{lbzfsf
lx;fan] bL3{sfnLg hgo'4 /
;z:q ljb|fx] sf] k\mo"hgåf/f cufl8
a9\g] sfo{lbzf 7f]; u/]sf 5f}+ .
of]hgfut ?kdf, ljb|fx] fTds ?kdf
k|Tofqmd0fnfO{ ;kmn kfg]{ kf6L{sf]
gLlt /x]sf] 5 . sfo{gl} ts ?kn]
/fli6« o :jflwgtf, gful/s
;jf]{Rrtf, dfcf]jfbLsf] g]t[Tjdf
/fli6«o ;/sf/, zflGt / gofF ;+ljwfg
xFb' } ;+3Lo u0ftGq g]kfnsf] xfd|f]
sfo{gLlt to ePsf] 5 . kf6L{
lxhf]sf] eGbf 7"nf] 5 . ;j}eGbf
7"nf] hgdtsf] kf6L{sf] ?kdf /fli6«o
j}wflgstf o;nfO{ k|fKt 5 . /fli6«o
/fhgLltsf] xfd|f] kf6L{ d'Vo s]Gb|
xf] . ;Dk"0f{ ldqzlQm x'g jf b'Zdg
x'g,\ /fli6«o k|ltlqmofjfb xf];\ jf
cGt/fli6«o k|ltlqmofjfb xf];\ . xfd|f]
kf6L{nfO{ ;sf/fTds b[li6n] xf]; jf
gsf/fTds b[li6n], ;/f]sf/ g/fvL
jf ;Daf]wg gu/L cufl8 a9\g jf
k5fl8 x6\g ;Dej g} 5}g . o;
b[li6n] xfdL gofF 7fpFdf / gofF
l:ytdf pT;fx / lj:tf/sf] ?kdf
lgs} dfly 5f}+ . xfd|f] ?knfO{, xfd|f]
gf/fnfO{, xfd|f] l:yltnfO{ x]bf{ hf]
sf]xL klg eGg ;S5– xfdLn] s]xL
ug{ ;S5f}+ jf dfcf]jfbLn] s]xL ug{
;S5 . t/, juL{o b[li6af6 x]bf{
b'Zdg klg xfd|f] lj?4 lg0ff{os
?kdf k|:t't x'g uO/fv]sf] 5 . gofF
;+ l jwfg lgdf{ 0 fsf] ;dofjlw
g]kfnsf] ;Gbe{df s'g ju{sf]
cl:tTjsf] cj;fg x'g] jf s'g
ju{sf] cl:tTj gofF ;Qfsf] ?kdf
cDo'bo x'g] eGg] lgs} uDeL/ k|Zgdf
s]lGb|t 5 . cfk\mgf] juL{o :jfy{/Iffsf
lglDt k| l tlqmofjfbLx?
hLjgd/0fsf] n8fO{ n8\g tof/
5g\ . xfnsf] ;Qf k|ltlqmofjfbL
;Qf ePsf] l:ylt / cGt/fli6«o
k|ltlqmofjfbL zlQmn] ck]Iffs[t ;fy
lbg] l:yltdf pgLx? cfk\mgf] l:ylt
;fk] l Ift ?kn] dha' b ePsf]
lgisif{df 5g\ . To;sf/0f kl5Nnf
/fhgLlts 36gfqmd a9L
hl6ntfk"0f{, a9L le8Gt pGd'v /
dfcf]jfbLnfO{ a9L pQ]lht u/fpg]
/ uNtL ug{ nufO{ bdgsf] nflu
/fhg}lts cfwf/ v8f ug]{ lbzflt/
p2t 5g\ . pgLx? ;xdtLo jf
pgs} efiff / z}nLdf k|hftflGqs
jf hgtflGqs tl/sf ckgfpg
tof/ 5}gg\ . To;}n] dfS;{jfbL
dfGotfcg' ; f/ g} juL{ o
cGt/lj/f] w sf] ;dfwfg ju{
;+3if{af6 dfq} x'g] s'/f clxn]sf]
;Gbe{df klg clgjfo{ 5 . To;sf]
nflu xfd|f] kf6L{sf] cufl8 ;j}eGbf
7"nf] r'gf}lt ;f] ju{;3+ if{sf] nflu
xfdL xfd|f] ju{nfO{ stf{ tof/ ug{
;S5f}+ jf ;Sb}gf}+ eGg] k|Zgn] lgs}
dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf lgjf{x ug]{ 5 .
;f]sf] nflu jt{dfgdf xfd|f cufl8
b]vfk/]sf ;+u7gfTds ;d:ofx?k|lt
l;+uf] kf6L{ uDeL/ eP/ tL ;d:of
xn ug{ h?/L 5 . cGoyf r'gf}lt
5g\ eGb} r'gf}ltåf/f g} lslrP/
cj;fg x'gs ' f] ljsNk x'g] 5}g .
Tolta]nf xfd|f] 7"nf] ef/Les{d kf6L{n]
dfq xfdLnfO{ arfpg ;Sg] 5}g .
clxn] xfd|f] kf6L{sf] ;+u7gfTds
kIf ;+ q md0fsfnLg l:yltaf6
u'lh|/fv]sf] 5 . o;n] kf6L{ g]tf
sfo{stf{sf] lbdfudf ;+u7gsf
?kx? sfdsf] ;Gbe{df :j?kx?sf]
:ki6 lrq gePsf] l:ylt 5 . kf6L{
cfh ju{;+3if{sf] gofF :j?ksf]
cEof; ug{ uO/fv]sf] b]lvG5 . t/,
ju{;3 + if{sf] o; gofF :j?k klg
clxn] ;}4flGts JofVofsf] xb;Dd
dfq s]lGb|t 5 . ul//fv]sf] ;+3if{sf]
:j?k ;fdfGo gf/fh'n; ' / g]kfnsf]
hfgLdfgL cfPsf] hgcfGbf]ngsf]
z}nLdfq xf] . g]kfnsf] ;Gbe{df of]
z}nL gofF ;+3if{sf] ;du| z}nL xf]
jf s] xf] < k|i6 eO;s]sf] 5}g . x'g
t dfS;{jfbL dfGotf cg'?k ;+3if{
ub},{ l;Sb} / ljsf; ub}{ hfg] ljifo
xf] . t/, ;fdfGotM l;4fGt,
sfo{lbzf, of]hgf / gLltsf] l:k|8sf]
cfwf/df ;+3if{sf] Pp6f ;}4flGts
:j?ksf] lgwf{/0f cfjZos x'G5 .
clxn] xfd|f] ;Gbe{df of] eOg;s]sf]
cj:yf 5 . o;n] ubf{ clxn] xfd|f]
cfk\mgf] ;+3if{sf] z}nL ljsl;t ePsf]
5}g . Psflt/ ;+3if{sf] :j?ksf]
l:ylt o:tf] 5 eg] csf]l{ t/ oxL
;+3if{sf] :j?kn] lgwf{l/t ug]{
;+u7gsf] :j?k z}nL klg gofF aGg
;s]sf] 5}g . kl5Nnf] ;dodf kf6L{
a[xt w|j' Ls/0fsf] k|so[ faf6 u'hs ]| f]
sf/0fn] ubf{ kf6L{leq lxhf] o'4sf
a]nf ;+u7gsf] :j?k ;]gf / ;+3if{sf]
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/ ;+u7gsf] cf}lrTonfO{ cfTd;fy
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5}g . bf];f| ] k+lQm j}wflgs ;+3if{df
cGo :t/nfO{ s]xL xb;Dd cfTd;fy
u/] k lg kf6L{ n ] o;nfO{ g}
cflwsfl/stf glbPsf]n] p;sf]
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;dodf ljleGg k| s f/sf
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h;nfO{ ;dod} xnug{ h?/L 5 .
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cf}krfl/sjfbdf km:g] vt/f tLj|
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sfo{ef/ tf;sf] dxn aGg] l:ylt
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;+u7gdf b]vfk/]sf lgDg ;d:ofdf
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!= qmflGtk|lt ljZjf; / g]tT[ jk|ltsf]
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a+ s /df klxnf] ;lxb x' g /
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sfo{ s tf{ cfh dfgl;s ?kn]
qmflGt x'G5, qmflGt ug{' kb{5 eGg]
ljZjf;af6 qmdzM Ro"t xF'b}5 .
qmflGtk| l tsf] lrGtf qmdzM
kl/jf/sf] lrGtfdf ?kfGt/0f
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sfo{stf{ hgtfsf] åf]if xf] jf
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jf of]hgf / Jojxf/n] k}bf u/]sf]
cGt/lj/f] w xf] . o;sf] 7f] ;
ls6fgL ug{' / gofF:t/df qmflGt
/ g]t[Tjk|ltsf] ljZjf; k}bf ug{'
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aGg uPsf] 5 . o;nfO{ ;;{tL{
x]bf{ tLgj6f ;d:of d'Vo b]lvG5 .
klxnf] M– xfdLn] sfo{gLlt l;k\m6
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g]t[Tjn] lnPsf] ljZjf; kf6L{
sfo{stf{nfO{ cljZjf; aGof] .
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eljio b]Vg] kf6L{leqsf] ;d:of
xnug{ h?/L 5 . o;sf] nflu
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l;4fGtsf] aLrdf b]lvPsf] b/f/
cGt x'g' bf];|f] k|fyldstf xf] .
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;+3if{sf] of]hgfnfO{ tfTsfnLg
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k| d ' v n] cfk\ m gf] ;ldltsf
;b:onfO{ lrGg;d]t EofpFb}g .
p;nfO{ pQ/bfoL agfpg] k|Zg
t cfsfzsf] kmn h:t} eO;Sof] .
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;b:onfO{ ;dfg 9+un] of]hgf
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c;dfg pQ/bfloTj k}bfn] ug]{
;+sL0f{tf / ;DalGwt ;ldltsf]
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cGt/lj/f]wn] ;+u7gdf u'6jfbL
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k}bf x'g] hjfkmb]lxtfsf] ;d:of
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o;n] sfo{stf{ cfTdLs cg'zf;g,
cfTdLs kl/rfng h:tf ;+u7gsf
cf}krfl/s ljlwdf e/ kg{'kg]{
l:ylt k}bf ePsf] 5 . ;+u7g
lgdf{0fsf] 7f]; ljlw / dfGotf
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a9'jf ug{'kg]{ ;d:ofn] lk/fld8
cfsf/sf] ;+u7gsf] :j?k 5ftf
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kl/rfng ug]{ ;b:osf] ;+Vof a9L
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k|zf;gsf] sfo{k0| ffnL :yflkt ug{
h?/L 5 .
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cGTo x'g' M
kf6L{ hgtfdf k'lu/fVg] lgoldt
k|0ffnL /fd|f; ] uF :yflkt ePklg cfh
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klg u7g ePsf] atfpg'eof] . cg'udg
;ldltn] NofPsf] l/kf]6{sf] cfwf/df
gu/kflnsfn] sfd ug] { pxfF n ]
atfpg'eof] . Ps s¶f hUuf laqmL u/]df
Pp6f uf8Lg} cfpg] ePsf]n] clxn]
ahf/df u8Lsf ;+Vof;d]t a[l4 eO{
b'36{ gf;d]t a9]sf] k08]sf] wf/0ff lyof] .
zx/df a9\bf] hg3gTj;Fu} cJojl:yt
aGb} uPsf] a;f]af;, uf8L kfls{ª, k'm6kfy
Jofkf/nfO{ x6fpg sfg'g adf]lhd cufl8
a9\ g ] tof/L ul//x] s f] 3f] / fxL
gu/kflnsfsf OlGhlgo/ /fdwg >]i7n]
atfpg'eof] . :yfgLo :jfoQ P]g @)%%
pkef]QmfnfO{ cnkq kf/] vfg]kfgL ;+:yfn]
k|sfz rf}w/L÷bfª
:jR5 vfg] k fgL lbnfpg] eGb}
ufpFufpFdf cfPsf ljleGg vfg]kfgL;DaGwL
;+:yfx?n] pkef]Qmfx?nfO{ cnkq kf/]sf
5g\ . g]kfn :jf:Yosf nflu z'4 vfg]kfgL
eGg] of]hgf lnP/ cfPsf tL ;+:yfx?n]
;Lldt of]hgf k"/f u/L w]/} of]hgfx?nfO{
To;} 5f8]/ pkef]QmfnfO{ cnkq kf/]sf x'g\ .
3/3/df vfg]kfgL k'¥ofpg] nIosf
;fy u|fdL0f j:tLdf k'us ] f tL :f+:yfx?n]
ljleGg of]hgfx? ;DkGg u/]klg kfOk
km'6g\ ,] hL0f{ cj:yfsf] 6+sLx? lgdf{0f ug],{
d'xfg ;+/If0fnufotsf lgdf{0fsf sfdx?
cw' / f] 5f8L lbPsf 5g\ . o;n]
pkef]QmfnfO{ k|ToIf df/ kg{ uPsf] 5 .
kfgL z'4Ls/0fsf] s'/f t k/}hfcf];\
pkef]Qmfn] vfg]kfgL g} gkfpg] cj:yf
;[hgf ePsf] 5 . ;+:yfsf of]hgfx?
of] h gfdf dfq ;Lldt ePsf] eGb}
pkef]Qmfx?n] cfkm"x? df/df k/]sf] u'gf;f]
u/]sf 5g\ .
bfªdf btf{ ePsf ! ;o #% j6f
;+:yfx?n] u|fdL0f :t/sf pkef]QmfnfO{
z'4 vfg]kfgL lbnfpg] eg]/ nfu] klg
st}–st} dfq of]hgf k"/f u/]sf 5g\ .
k|foh;f] 7fpFdf sfd cw'/} 5f8]sf]
pkef]Qmfx?n] u'gf;f] u/]sf 5g\ . u|fdL0f
hgtfsf] 3/3/df vfg]kfgL k'¥ofpg] eg]/
sfd z'? u/]sf] g]jf ;+:yf To;kl5
ufpFd} gkmls{Psf] xfk'/ k]/gLcGtu{t gofF
a:tL vfg]kfgL pkef]Qmf ;d"xsf cWoIf
ch'{g jnLn] atfpg'eof] . …z'? eof]
t/ aLrd} ;+:yfn] sfd cw'/} 5f8]kl5
pN6f] ;d:of kf] ePsf] 5 .Ú To:t} ;f]xL
;+:yfn] dfgk'/df klg of]hgf ;DkGg
u/]kl5 dd{t;Def/sf sfdx?nfO{ cnkq
kf/]/ uPsf] v/v/] vfg]kfgL pkef]Qmf
;d"xsf cWoIf dg' ;'jbLn] atfpg'eof] .
g]jf dfq xf]Og, kfk8 gfds ;+:yfn]
emg} pkef]QmfnfO{ nfvf} ?k}ofF 7u]/ uPsf]
5 . nIdLk'/–( ;'gk'/sf pkef]Qmfn]
vfg]kfgLsf] cfzdf hDdf u/]sf] /sd
g} lnP/ a]kQf ePsf] ;'gk'/ vfg]kfgL
pkef]Qmf ;d"xsf cWoIf zDe' kf]v|]nn]
hfgsf/L lbg'eof] . To:t} PlzofnL
ljsf; a}s + sf] ;xof]udf lhNnf vfg]kfgL
tyf ;/;kmfO{ l8lehg sfof{no bfªn]
@)$$ ;fndf lgdf{0f u/]sf] vfg]kfgL
6\ofª\sL ;fgf] ePsf]n] pkef]Qmfx?sf]
dfucg';f/ vfg]kfgL k'¥ofpg ufx|f] ePsf]
/fdk'/ vfg]kfgL pkef]Qmf ;d"xsf cWoIf
adf]lhd ;8s 5]p5fpdf /x]sf lgdf{0f
;fdu|L, k'm6kfy Jofkf/ clgoldt tl/sfn]
/x]sf uf8L, 3f]8f, vRr8, afv|f, l/S;f,
7]nfuf9fnfO{ lgoGq0fdf lnP/ sfjf{xL ul/g]
pxfFn] r]tfjgL lbg'eof] . gu/kflnsfnfO{
Jojl:yt / ;'Gb/ agfpg] k|of; eO/x]sf]
eGb} OlGhlgo/ >]i7n] kmf]x/ Joj:yfkgdf
3f]/fxL gu/kflnsf pTs[i6 3f]if0ff ePsf]
atfpg'eof] . ahf/nfO{ Jojl:yt ug{
a;kfs{ lgwf{/0f, k'm6kfy Jofkf/Lsf] nflu
lglZrt 7fpFsf] 5gf]6 ul//x]sf] ePtfklg
To;nfO{ Jojl:yt agfpg g;s]sf] pxfFn]
:jLsfg'e{ of] . oL ;j}nfO{ Jojl:yt ug{
gu/kflnsf PSn}sf] k|of;n] ;Dej gx'g]
eGb} To;sf] nflu ;8s l8lehg / 6«flkms
k|x/Lsf] klg Tolts} ;xof]usf] cfjZostf
hg;/f]sf/
rGb|axfb'/ s];Lsf] egfO{ 5 . pxfFsf
cg';f/ /fdk'/ vfg]kfgLsf] 6\of+sL :o'hfsf]
6fs'/fdf ;~rflnt 5 / kfgL r'xfj6sf
sf/0f nIdLk'/sf] ;jf/Lsf]6 / /fdk'/sf
pkef]QmfnfO{ vfg]kfgLsf] ;d:of k/]sf]
5 . Psflt/ d'xfg dd{t ug{ ;d:of
csf]{lt/ sd u'0f:t/sf kfOksf] sf/0f
aLr–aLrdf 6'6g\ ] k'm6\g] ePsfn]] /fdk'/sf
b'O{ xhf/ a9L pkef]QmfnfO{ kfgL k'¥ofpg
ufx|f] ePsf] pxfFn] atfpg' eof] . o;}u/L
gf/fo0fk'/, xfk'/, dfgk'/ 8'?jf, wgf{,
nIdLk'/, /fdk'/nufotsf uflj;x?df
vfg]kfgLsf] ;d:of / vfg]kfgL cfof]hgf
cnkq k/]sf 5g\ .
ptf g]jf ;+:yfn] ;g\ @))& ;Dd
bfªdf #^ j6f vfg]kfgL of]hgf ;DkGGf
u/]sf] atfPsf] 5 . cfk\mgf] ;+:yfnfO{
8LPkmcfO{ 8 Ln] ;xof] u ug{ 5f8] k l5
u|fdL0f hgtfsf vfg]kfgLsf ;d:of cw'/}
/x]sf] g]jf ;+:yfsf clen]v tyf k}/jL
zfvf ;xfos e/tk|;fb e§n] atfP .
clxn] ;'v]{t, b}n]v / hfh/sf]6df dfq
sfo{qmd ;~rfng ul/Psf]n] bfªdf s]xL
ug{ g;Sg] pgn] atfP . vfg] k fgL
;/;kmfO{ tyf l8lehg sfof{non] gofF
of]hgfcg'';f/ vfg]kfgLnfO{ z'l4s/0fsf]
af6f] ckgfPsf]n] k'/fgf of]hgfx? cf]em]n
k/]sf] atfPsf] 5 . o; jif{ dd{t;Def/sf]
nflu hDdf rf/ nfv ;f¶L xhf/ dfq
ah]6 cfPsf]n] s]xL dd{tsf sfdafx]s
cGo sfd ug{ g;Sg] sfof{no k|d'v
ls/0f kf}8]nn] hfgsf/L lbg'eof] . ptf
lhNnf k| f ljlws sfof{ n on] o; jif{
sf]Onfaf; vfg]kfgLsf] nflu !% nfv,
dfgk'/sf] nflu !) nfv, ;}3fsf] nflu
# nfv, 3f]/fxL u}/fufpF l8k jf]l/ªsf]
nflu !& nfv, nIdLk'/ l8k jf]l/ªsf]
nflu !) nfv, ljleGg :yfgsf
zf}rfnosf] nflu & nfv, l/ª s'jfsf]
nflu % nfv u/L hDdf ^* nfvsf]
ah]6 kf; ePsf] hgfPsf] 5 . u|fdL0f
?kdf /x]sf vfg]kfgL ;d:of x6fpg pQm
ah]6 kf; ePsf] sfof{nosf OlGhlgo/
bfgk|;fb >]i7n] atfpg'eof] . 3f]/fxLsf
pkef]QmfnfO{ dWogh/ u/L vfg]kfgL
sfof{ n onfO{ !& nfv /sd cg' b fg
lbO;s]sf] klg pxfFn] hfgsf/L lbg'eof] .
vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO{;DaGwL cGtlqm{of
bfªdf /x]sf s"n (@ xhf/ ^ ;o ^%
3/w'/LdWo] rkL{sf] k|of]u ug]{ 3/w'/Lsf]
;+Vof #^ xhf/ * ;o %$ /x]sf] 5 .
kg]{ pxfFsf] egfO{ lyof] . ;8s l8lehgn]
gu/ If]qleqsf] ;8ssf] ;fO8 lkmlnª
ug],{ b'j} ;fO8df /]lnª /flvlbg] xf] eg]
;jf/L b'3{6gf sdL x'g'sf ;fy} ;x/
klg Jojl:yt x'g] OlGhlgo/ >]i7n]
atfpg'eof] .
ptf ;x/L l8lehgsf OlGhlgo/
g/axfb' / rGbn] ;8sdf cfjZos
k"jf{wf/x? lgdf{0f ug]{ lhDdf ;8s
l8lehgsf] ePklg To;nfO{ pkef]u ug]{
d'Vo lhDdf 6«flkms k|x/Lsf] ePsf]
atfpg' e of] . ;8sdf cfjZos
h] j | f qml;ª, 6« f lkms lgod;DaGwL
;fOgjf] 8 { ;x/L l8lehgn] t' ? Gt}
agfOlbg ;Sg] eGb} rGbn] ;8sdf
Jofkf/ ug]{nfO{ x6fpg 6«flkms k|x/Lsf
;fy} pBf]u jfl0fHo ;+3 klg TolQs}
lhDd]jf/ x'g'kg]{ atfpg'eof] .
To:t} kfOk k|0ffnL, Xof08 kDk / s'jfaf6
kfgLsf] k|of]u ug]x{ ?sf] ;+Vof ^$ xhf/
# ;o *@ cyf{t\ ^&=%* k|ltzt /x]sf]
5 . vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO l8lehg
sfof{non] laxLaf/ bfªsf kqsf/x?;Fu
u/]sf] cGt/lqmof sfo{qmddf l8lehg
sfof{nosf OlGhlgo/ ls/0f kf}8n ] n] ;f]
s'/fsf] hfgsf/L u/fpg' ePsf] lyof] .
lhNnfdf vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfOsf]
cj:yf;DaGwL hfgsf/L u/fpF b }
sfof{nosf OlGhlgo/ kf}8n ] n] ;/;kmfOsf]
cefjdf aif]g{ L !# xhf/ afnaflnsfsf]
d[To' x'g] u/]sf], ;/sf/n] !) ca{sf] Iflt
Joxf] b } { cfO/x] s f] atfpg' e of] . ;f]
sfo{qmddf sfof{nosf OlGhlgo/ kf}8n ] n]
kfgLsf] u'0f:t/ ;'wf/sf nflu k|ljlwsf]
h8fg, kfOk nfOgsf] lj:tf/sf] sfo{qmd
vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO l8lehgn] NofPsf]
/ ;f] of]hgf Psjif{df k'/f x'g] hfgsf/L
u/fpg' ePsf] lyof] . xfn;Dd lhNnfdf
vfg]kfgL ;DjGwL ljleGg ;+3;+:yfx?
dfkm{t %@ eGbf a9L vfg]kfgL tyf
;/;kmfO{ ;DaGwLsf of]hgfx? ;DkGg
eO;s]sf] tYofË klg sfo{qmddf k|:t't
ul/Psf] lyof] . clxn] @) :yfgx?df
vfg]kfgLsf] dd{t;Def/ / gofF7fpFsf]
nflu ;yfgsf] 5gf]6 ul/;lsPsf] h;df
k|foM gfsf If]qsf 7fpFx? /x]sf] sfo{qmddf
jtfOPsf] lyof] . kqsf/x?;Fusf] ;f]
cGt{lqmof sfo{qmddf cf;]{lgs kfgL
lkpFbf x'g] SofG;/sf] vt/fsf af/]df klg
hfgsf/L u/fOPsf] lyof] . ;j]{If0fdf
;a}eGbf a9L cf;]l{ gssf] kfgL e]l§Psf]
lhNnfdf gjnk/f;L /x]sf] sfof{nosf
OlGhlgo/ ltns Gof}kfg]n] hfgsf/L
lbg'eof] . bfª klg $( 7fpFdf cf;]l{ gs
e]l6Psf] / ;a}eGbf a9L cf;]l{ gssf] e]l6g]
uflj;df u+ u fk/:k' / /x] s f] pxfF n ]
atfpg' e of] . cf;{ ] l gs /x] s f] kfgL
vfg]afx]ssf sfdx?df k|of]u ug{ ;lsg]
hfgsf/L klg pxfFn] u/fpg'eof] .
kqsf/ dxf;+3sf] ;xsfo{ /x]sf] ;f]
cGt{lqmof sfo{qmddf vfg]kfgL tyf
;/;kmfO l8lehg sfof{nosf ltns
Gof}kfg] / rGb|sd ' f/ >]i7n] hfgsf/Ld'ns
k|lzIf0f lbg'ePsf] lyof] . sfo{qmdsf]
dxTj / pkfb]otfaf/] gful/s ;dfhsf
;+of]hs l6sf/fd /]UdL / g]kfn kqsf/
dxf;+3sf cWoIf k|tfk /]UdLn] rrf{
ug'{ePsf] lyof] . sfo{qmdsf] ;~rfng
ltns Gof}kfg]n] ug'{ePsf] lyof] .
%
cGtjf{tf{ M dlxnf ;ef;b\;u
“
dlxnfsf
;d:ofx?nfO{
juL{o ;d:of;Fu
hf]8g\ k' b{5
;/nf /]UdL ;ef;b\, PsLs[t g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_
nfdf] ;+3if{kl5 g]kfnL hgtfn] ;+ljwfg ;ef u7g ug{ ;kmn eP . o:tf]
P]ltxfl;s ;+:yfsf] ;b:osf] ?kdf xfn;Dd tkfO{sf] cg'ej s:tf] 5 <
;a}nfO{ yfxf ePs} s'/f xf] ls xfdLn] ;fdGtL /fhtGqsf] ;d"n gi6 u/L
hgtfsf] u0ftGq :yfkgfy{ ;+ljwfg ;efdfkm{t\ g]kfnL hgtfsf] efUo / eljio
sf]g]{ gofF ;+ljwfg agfpg' kb{5 egL bz aif{;Dd hgo'4 n8\Øf}+ . oxfFsf zf;s
/ ;+;bLo kf6L{x?n] hgo'4nfO{ cft+ssf/L ultljlwsf] ;+1f lbP . dfcf]jfbL
kf6L{sf g]tf÷sfo{stf{nfO{ cft+ssf/L 3f]if0ff u/] . 6fpsf]sf] df]n tf]s] . d klg
hgo'4sf] cleofqL ePsfn] d}n] klg hgo'4sf qmddf cfˆgf] hLjg;fyL u'dfPF .
t]x| xhf/eGbf a9L g]kfnL cfdfsf c;n ;Gtfgx?n] of] qmddf cfˆgf] cd"No
hLjg hgtf / /fi6«sf vflt/ Gof}5fj/ ul/;s]sf 5g\ . ToxL dxfg\ hgo'4sf
sf/0f kl5Nnf] qmddf tL ;+;bLo kf6L{x?n] klg ;+ljwfg ;efnfO{ :jLsf/ u/] /
clxn] ;+ljwfg ;ef / Joj:yflksfdf pgLx?sf] klg k|ltlglwTj 5 . lxhf] bz
aif{;Dd cfˆgf] sf]vdf /fv]/ ;+ljwfg ;efgfds aRrfsf] hGd lbg] cfdf?kL
kf6L{ dfcf]jfbL / Tof] aRrfsf] e|'0f cj:yfdf g} xTof ug{ rfxg] zlQmx? clxn]
Ps} 7fpFdf 5g\ . To;}n] h;n] h'g p2]Zon] ;+ljwfg ;efsf nflu n8]sf] lyof]
Tof] zlQm dfq geP/ ;+ljwfg ;eflj/f]wL zlQmx? klg ToxfF k'u]sf 5g\ .
bf];|f], g]kfndf nfdf] ;dob]lv ;fdGtL /fhtGqfTds lg/+s'z Joj:yfn]
g]kfnL hgtfdfly juL{o, hftLo, If]qLo / ln+uLo ?kdf zf]if0f, bdg / pTkL8g
u¥of] . ltg} zf]liftkLl8t / bldtx?sf] zf;g Joj:yf Nofpgsf nflu hgo'4
nl8Psf] xf] . clxn]sf] of] ;+ljwfg ;ef÷Joj:yflksfdf PsLs[t g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_sf
tkm{af6 sd}of, dhb"/, blnt, dlxnf, lk5l8Psf] If]qsf hgtf / hfltsf] k|ltlglwTj
u/fOPsf] 5 . t/, ;+;bLo kf6L{x?n] pxL lxhf] g} /fi6«3ftL dxfsfnL ;lGw
;+;b\af6 cg'df]bg u/fpg], kmfl;i6 k|ltlqmofjfbL zf;sx?sf lj?4 g]kfnL
hgtfn] u/]sf hg;+3if{x?nfO{ bafpg], hgxTofsf] >[v + nf /Rg] dfG5]x?sf] k|ltlglwTj
5 . /, la8Djgf g} eGg'kb{5 pgLx? g} cfkm"x?nfO{ hgtfsf ;Rrf k|ltlglw eGg]
ub{5g\ . pgLx?n] g} /fhgLlt hfg]sf] s'/f ub{5g\ . t];|f], clxn] tL dfG5]x?n]
;+ljwfg ;ef, hgtfsf] ;+ljwfg, /fHosf] k'g;+{/rgf / lbuf] zflGtnfO{ cfˆgf]
Ph]08f xf] eGb} hgtfnfO{ e|ldt kfg]{ u/]sf 5g\ . dflysf oL tLgj6f s'/fnfO{ Ps}
7fpFdf /fv]/ x]¥of] eg] hf] s;}n] cg'e'lt a6'Ng ;Sb5 . To;}n] clxn] ;+ljwfg
agfpg] k|lqmofdf b'O{ b[li6sf]0f, b'O{ gLlt, b'O{ bz{g / b'O{ ju{ aLrdf eLif0f
n8fO{ eO/x]sf] 5 . cflv/ s'g kIfn] lhTg] xf] Tof] eg] x]g{ afFsL 5 . clxn] aflx/
b]lvg] / gb]lvg] cg'e"lt oxL xf] .
tkfO{n] ;+ljwfg ;ef / Joj:yflksfdf dlxnfsf s]–s] pNn]vgLo d'2fx? p7fpg'eof] <
xfdL klxnf sDo'lgi6 xf}+ . ljZjdf qmflGtsf/L sDo'lgi6 Joj:yfn] dfq
dlxnfsf d'2fnfO{ ;xL tl/sfn] ;dfwfg u/]sf] 5 . oxfF ;jfn ljz'4 dlxnfsf d'2f
dfq xf]Og, o;nfO{ ju{;uF hf]8/] x]gk{' b{5 . g]kfndf dlxnf k5fl8 kg's { f] d'Vo
sf/0f oxfFsf] /fHo;Qf xf] . /, To;n] agfPsf] lkt[;QfTds ;dfh xf] . ;du|df
eGg'kbf{ ;fd|fHojfbL ljZjJoj:yf xf] . dlxnfsf d'2fx? ;a}eGbf ;xL / hah:t
tl/sfn] PsLs[t g]skf dfcf]jfbLn] p7fPsf] 5 . dlxnfsf ;d:ofx?nfO{ juL{o
;d:of;Fu hf]8g\ k' b{5 eGg] xfd|f] dfGotf xf] . xfdLn] ;DklQdf ;dfg clwsf/,
;dfgtfsf nflu ljz]if clwsf/ x'gk' b{5 eg]sf 5f}+ . ;+Vofs} ?kdf k|To]s c+udf
dlxnfsf] krf; k|ltzt ;xeflutfsf s'/f u/]sf 5f}+ . tkfO{ ;+ljwfg ;efs}
k|ltlglwTjsf] s'/f ug'x{ G' 5 eg] ;a}eGbf a9L dfcf]jfbL dlxnfx? 5g\ . 7"nf] kf6L{
eP/ dfq xf]Og ls k|ltztdf klg a9L 5g\ . pk/fi6«kltdf xfd|f] kf6L{n] dlxnf
pd]bjf/ p7fof] . pk–;efd'v / ;r]ts dlxnf k7fPsf] 5 . cGo ;ldltx?df
dlxnfnfO{ k7fPsf] 5 . ;/sf/ rnfpFbf dlxnf dGqLsf] ;+Vof /fd|} lyof] . To;}n]
xfdLn] h] eGb} cfPsf 5f}+ Tof] Jojxf/df klg ub}{ cfPsf 5f}+ . of] k|ltlglwTj eg]sf]
gLlt lgdf{0fsf 7fpFdf dlxnfsf] ;xeflutf ;'lglZrttf ug]{ s'/f xf] . To;}n] xfdL
dlxnfsf d'2f p7fPsf dfq 5}gf}+ ls To;sf] Jojxf/df sfof{Gjog u/]sf 5f}+ .
dlxnf ePs} sf/0fn] /fhg}lts, ;fdflhs, cfly{s, ;f+:s[lts / sfg'gL lje]bsf
sf/0fn] ca dlxnfx? bf];f| ] bhf{sf] dfG5] x'g gk/f];\ eGg] xfd|f] dfGotf xf] . cem}
klg dlxnfnfO{ c;xfosf] ?kdf k|:t't ub}{ sltko dlxnfnfO{ kfFr k|ltzt / ##
k|ltztdf s}b ug]{ cleofgdf 5g\ . of] ;fdGtjfbL k|jl[ Q xf] . dlxnfnfO{ j:t'sf
?kdf lng] ul/Psf] 5, of] k'h F Ljfbsf] ljs[t cj:yf ;fd|fHojfbL ;f]r xf] . clxn]
dlxnfn] h] kfpg sf]lz; ul//fv]sf 5g\ Tof] pgLx?n] n8]/ kfPsf x'g\ . cfkm"nfO[
a'hs |' eGg ?rfpg] dfG5]x?n] o;nfO{ a'lem/x]sf 5}gg\ jf a'‰g rfxb}gg\ .
efjL ;+ljwfgdf dlxnfx?sf s] s:tf d'2fx? ;d]6\g'k5{ h:tf] nfU5 <
dfly eg]h:t} klxnf], ;DklQdf ;dfg clwsf/sf] ;'lglZrttf xf] . bf];f| ,] ;dfgtfsf
nflu ;a} 7fpFdf dlxnfnfO{ ljz]ifflwsf/sf] ;'lglZrttf x'gk' b{5 . pgLx?nfO{ /fhg}lts,
;fdflhs, cfly{s, ;f+:s[lts, ;+jw} flgs, sfg"gL clwsf/af6 ;'lglZrt ul/g'kb{5 .
;a}vfn] zf]if0f, bdg / pTkL8g c;dfgtfaf6 d'Qm ug'k{ b{5 .
g]kfndf clxn];Ddsf] dlxnf cfGbf]ngnfO{ s;/L d"Nof+sg ug'{x'G5 < g]kfnL
dlxnf cfGbf]ngsf d'ne"t r'gf}lt / ;Defjgfx? s]–s] x'g\ / casf] g]kfndf dlxnf
cfGbf]ng s;/L cl3 a9fpg' knf{ <
of] ef/L dxTjsf] k|Zg xf] . klxnf] s'/f t clxn];Ddsf dlxnf cfGbf]ngx?nfO{ x]g{]
b[li6sf]0f agfpg h?/L 5 . Tof] eg]sf] P]ltxfl;s ef}ltsjfbL b[li6sf]0f xf] . g]kfnsf]
;du| /fhg}lts cfGbf]ng;Fu o;nfO{ klg Psfsf/ u/]/ x]gk{' b{5 . of] cfGbf]ng b'O{
v]dfdf afFl8Psf] 5 . Pp6f ;+;bLo cfGbf]ng / csf]{ hgjfbL cfGbf]ng . g]kfndf
s'ga} n ] f ;+;bLo cfGbf]ng xfjL eof] / slxn] hgjfbL cfGbf]ng . kl5Nnf] qmddf
hgjfbL cfGbf]ng xfjL eO/fv]sf] 5 .
;+;bLo cfGbf]ngdf nfu]sf dlxnfx?n] dlxnf cfGbf]ngsf] p2]Zo ;+;bLo /fhgLlt
agfP . g]kfndf k6s–k6s u/]/ ;+;bLo Joj:yf :yfkgf ePsfn] pgLx? To;}df
?dlnP . pgLx?n] cfˆgf] cfGbf]ngnfO{ /fHo;Qf;Fu hf]8g] g\ . ;DklQdf ;dfg clwsf/;Fu
hf]8g] g\ . Tof] cfGbf]ng lj:tf/} ;'Gb/L k|ltof]lutf, km]zg zf]df ;Lldt x'g k'u] .
ax'/fli6«o sDkgLsf pTkflbt j:t'sf] vf]ndf 6fFl;g], pkef]Uo j:t'sf] lj1fkg aGg],
ljz'4 pkef]Uo j:t'df ;Lldt x'gl] t/ uO/fv]sf] 5 . 5f8f lkmNdL snfsf/ aGg],
/]l8of], 6]lnlehgsf o+s/ aGg] sfddf ;Lldt x'gn ' fO{ dlxnf clwsf/sf ?kdf JofVof
ul/P . oBkL of] zlQm k~rfotL Joj:yfsf lj?4;Dd cfof] .
csf]{ eg]sf] hgjfbL zlQm xf] . of] zlQmn] dlxnf cfGbf]ngnfO{ ;Qf k|flKtsf]
cfGbf]ng;Fu hf]8Ø \ f] . To;}n] of] dlxnf zlQm dxfg\ hgo'4df ;fd]n eof] . hgd'lQm
;]gf eP/ n8\Øf] klg . dlxnfnfO{ gf/Lsf] ?kdf r/0fsf] bf;L agfpg] ;fdGtL /
pkef]Uo j:t' agfpg] ;fd|fHojfbL k|jl[ Qsf lj?4 n8\Øf] . / clxn] klg nl8/x]sf] 5 .
clxn]sf nflu ;DklQdf ;dfg clwsf/sf] d'2fnfO{ cufl8 NofPsf] 5 . of] zlQmsf]
cfGbf]ng lg/Gt/ eO/fVg]5 . cfjZostfsf] ;+;f/af6 :jtGqtfsf] ;+;f/df hfgsf
nflu cfGbf]lnt eO/fVg]5 . o;n] hgjfbaf6 ;dfhjfb / ;dfhjfbaf6 ;fDojfb;Dd
hfg] clei6 /fVg] ePsfn] o;sf] cfGbf]ng ;lsPsf] 5}g . k|:t'lt M zf/bf zdf{
sharada.sharma.001@gmail.com
 jif{ !@, c+s *, @)^^ kf}if @^ ut] cfOtaf/
yf? ;d'bfosf] ;+:s[lt / P]ltxfl;s kj{ M df3L
k|sfz rf}w/L
cflbsfnb]lv g} a;f]af; ub}{
cfPsf cflbjf;Lsf] ?kdf lrlgg]
hghfltdWo] yf? hflt klg Ps
xf] . >d, ;Lk, snf / ;+:s[ltsf
?kdf wgL dflgPsf] of] hflt zfGt
/ ldng;f/ :jefjsf] ?kdf
kl/lrt 5 . df}lns ;+:s[lt / cfkm\g}
klxrfg af]ss ] f] of] ;d'bfo g]kfnsf]
t/fO{ If]qdf a;f]af; ug]{ Ps k|flrg
cflbjf;L yf?sf] ?kdf /x]sf] 5 .
k"js{ f] emfkfb]lv klZrdsf] s~rgk'/
tyf leqL dw]zsf] bfª, ;'vt{] /
pbok'/ nufotsf afO; lhNnfdf
of] ;d'bfosf] a;f]af; /xb} cfPsf]
5 . of] ;d'bfosf] cfk\mg}} lsl;dsf]
efiff, ;+:s[lt, e]ife'iff / /xg;xg
/x]sf] 5 . k"jL{ t/fO{bl] v klZrd;Dd
nfdf] If]qdf a;f]af; ub}{ cfPsf]
of] ;d'bfo cfkm}leq klg ljljwtfn]
el/k"0f{ 5 .
g] k fnsf] ^=& k| l tzt
hg;+Vofdf /x]sf] yf? ;d'bfo t/fO{
k|b]z / leqL dw]z u/L afO;
lhNnfdf 5l/P/ /x]sf 5g\ . d'Vo
k]zfsf] ?kdf s[lif k]zfdf cfwfl/t
oL ;d'bfox? rf8kj{cGtu{t gofF
jif{sf] ?kdf cyf{t\ P]ltxfl;s dxfg
s[lif sfo{df dlxnf t/ tflnddf k'?if ;xeflutf a9L
a9\g] / ;fFRr} xfd|f] y]uf]h:t} aGg k'us
k|lzIf0fx?df a9L ;xeflutf u/fpg]tkm{ ;DalGwt lgsfo / ;/f]sf/jfnfn] a]nd} f ;f]Rg'kg]{ b]lvG5 .
lji0f'k;
| fb e08f/L
s[lif k|wfg b]z g]kfnsf] s'n
hg;+Vofsf] &@ k|ltzt hgtf s[lif
k]zfdf lge{/ ePtfklg k/Dk/fut
/ 6'qm] pTkfbg v]tL k|0ffnLsf sf/0f
s[lif k]zf km:6fpg ;ls/x]sf] 5}g .
s[l[ if k|0ffnLsf] ljsf;sf] ;Gbe{df
s[ l if gLlt @)^! n] xfnsf]
lgjf{ x d' v L s[ l if k| 0 ffnLnfO{
Joj;flos Pj+ k|lt:k|wfTds s[lif
k|0ffnLdf ?kfGt/0f ul/ lbuf] s[lif
ljsf;sf] dfWofdaf6 hLjg:t/df
;'wf/ Nofpg lb3{sflng b[li6sf]0f
g/fVg] / Jojxfl/s kIfdf cfd'n
kl/jt{glagf s[lifdf /x]sf] cNk1fg
/ ?9LjfbL s[lif k|0ffnL x6\g] b]lvb}g .
g]kfnn] s[lif k|ljlwsf] ljsf;
/ la:tf/ ug],{ s[lif If]qdf pTkfbsTj
tyf pTkfbg j[l4sf nflu ljut
%* jif{bl] v sfo{ u/]klg ul/aL /
ef]sd/Lsf] rqmaf6 5'6s \ f/f lbnfpg
eg] cem} ;s]sf] 5}g . k/lge{/
cy{tGq, ;fdGtL e"–:jfldTj, k5f}6]
s[lif k|0ffnL dfq xf]Og s[lif k]zfdf
dlxnf / k'?ifsf] lge{/tfnfO{ dfq
xfdL x]¥of}+ eg] ^)=@ k|ltzt k'?if
/ &@=* k|ltzt dlxnf s[lifdf lge{/
/x]sf] ljleGg tYofª\sn] b]vfpg]
u/]sf] 5 . sfdsf] of]ubfgnfO{ dfq
x]¥of}+ eg] klg %% b]lv *@ k|ltzt
dlxnfx?sf] ;xeflutf o; If]qdf
/x]sf] b]lvG5 . k'?if ljz]if u/L hUuf
tof/L, afnL s6fgdf ;xefuL x'G5g\
t/ dlxnfx? la?jf nufpg] ,
uGxfpg] h'Qf k|ltof]lutf
tkfO{ s f] h' Q f slQsf]
uGxfpF5 < h'Qf uGxfP eg]/
lrGtf ul//xg' ePsf] 5 <
5f8\g;' lrGtf, tkfO{x?sf nflu
klg v';Lsf lbg cfpg ;S5g\ .
cd]l/sfdf o:t} uGxfpg] h'Qfsf]
k|ltof]lutf cfof]hgf x'G5 .
@)$^ ;fnkl5sf] ax'bnLo zf;g Joj:yfdf ;fdGtL ;+:sf/, ;+:s[lt / zf;g hah{:t?kdf
PskIfLo 9+un] yf]kl/g k'Uof] . kmn:j?k yf? ;d'bfosf] cfk\mgf] ljz]iftf, df}lnstf, :jfledfg
/ k/Dk/fut ;+:s[ltdf x|f; dfq xf]Og emg\ ljs[lt / lj;+ultlt/ ws]lng k'Uof] .
kj{sf] ?kdf df3L kj{nfO{ ljz]if
dxTj lbPsf 5g\ eg] bz}, ltxf/,
xf]nL, lhltof, rr{gf, l;?jf,
s[i0fi6dL, c6\jf/L, u'l/of, PsfbzL
cflb kj{nfO{ ;xfos kj{sf] ?kdf
dgfpFb} cfPsf 5g\ . gfrufgsf]
;jfndf of] ;d'bfon] ;lvof, em'df| ,
d3f}6f, 5f]qmf, x'8ª'{ j\ f, w'd/f, n¶xjf,
d'ªu\ x| jf, asf{gfr, emD6f, /fugL,
lememL+, x'Ggf, x'/L, s[tgnufotsf
gfr / asL{df/, dfu/, w'd?, wdf/,
;hgf, d}gf, lj/xgL, bf]xf, d+un,
wf]nsLnufotsf uLtx? ufpg]
ub{ 5 g\ . e] i fe' i ffcGtu{ t yf?
;d'bfon] u'Go", rf]nf], wf]tL, nª\uf}6L,
ef]6L, s'tf{, n]xª\uf, cFr/f, v8\sL,
Anfph, 3F3l/of, kmt{O' ,{ rf}aGbL,
plgofF cflb nufpg] ub{5g\ .
yf? ;d'bfon] df3LnfO{ d'Vo
/ u0f k|yfleqsf] gofF aif{sf] ?kdf
of] kj{nfO{ dgfpFb} cfPsf 5g\ .
oxL df3L kj{;uF } cyf{t\ gofF jif{sf]
cj;/df yf? ;d'bfo cfkm} e]nf
eO{ rngrNtLb]lv rnfpFb} cfPsf]
l/ltl/jfhcGtu{t Ps aif{sf] nflu
a8\3l/of -ufpFsf] d'nL_ lr/lsof -
ufpFsf] k'hf/L_ / rf}sLbf/ -ufpFsf]
x'nfsL_ cflb gofF lgjf{lrt cyf{t\
r'lgg] k|rng /xFb} cfPsf] 5 .
ljutsf ;dox?df df3Ls} a]nf
;fdGt / hldGbf/x?n] sd}of
sDnx/L r'Gg] sfd uYf{] . v]tLkftL
ug{ s f nflu yf? ls;fg /
lgoldt afnL ;Dks{df hfg] s[ifs dlxnfx?nfO{ /f]u ls/fsf] 1fg, dn ljiffbLsf] k|of]u, l;rfO{,
xfjfkfgL uf]8d]n, pGgt hftx?sf] klxrfgnufot ;Dk"0f{ afnLgfnLsf] 1fg x'g ;s]df pTkfbg
] f] s[lif k|wfg b]z aGgdf Pp6f cfofd ylkg] lyof] . cGoyf
tflnd lbg] klg k'?if / tflnd / k|rf/sf] sfd klg k'?ifsf] dfq x'g] t/ v]taf/Ldf dlxnfx?
dfq hf]lt/xg] x'g k'U5 . o:tf] cj:yfsf] cGTo ug{ / dlxnf s[ifsx?nfO{ s[lif tflnd jf
uf]8d]n ug],{ dnhn, l;rfO{, cf}ifwL
k|of]u, cf];fpg], s]nfpg], leq\ofpg]
cflbdf k"0f{ ;xefuL /x]sf] kfOG5 .
g]kfnsf] s[lif If]qdf dlxnfsf]
;xeflutf al9 ePsf] kfOPtfklg
s[lif tflnd, ;]ldgf/, uf]i7L /
k|lzIf0fx?df eg] ;xeflutf /x]sf]
kfOb}g . k'?if cfocfh{gsf nflu
ljb]lzg', /f]huf/L, Jofkf/ cflbsf]
qmddf 3/b]lv 6f9f /xg'n] klg
dlxnfx?sf] s[lif If]qdf ;xeflutf
a9\g uPsf] b]lvG5 . s[lif sfo{df
dlxnfsf] ;xeflutf a9L
ePtfklg s]jn #! k|ltzt dlxnf
s[ifsx?n] dfq l;w} k|lzIf0f /
tflnd kfpg] u/]sf 5g\ . afFsL
^( k|ltzt >Ldfg\, a'af, 5f]/f /
bfh' e fOsf] dfWofdaf6 dfq
/f]rs hfgsf/L
of] uGxfpg] h'Qfsf]
k|ltof] l utfsf] cd] l /sfsf]
e/dfp08df ljut #$ jif{b]lv
cfof]hgf ul/b} cfPsf] 5 . To;}n]
t cfhef]ln, uGxfpg] h'Qfsf] zx/
eg]/ o;nfO{ lrlgG5 .
k| l tof] u Ln] sfo{ q mdsf
hldGbf/x?;Fu oxL df3Lsf a]nf
;Demf}tf ug]{ ub{5g\ eg] sd}of
sDn/ a;] s fx? hldGbf/sf]
k~hfaf6 d'lQm kfpg] ;do klg
oxL df3L;F u hf] l 8Psf] 5 .
o;k|sf/sf lqmofsnfkx?n] yf?
hfltsf] u0fk|yfsf] /fd|f] emns lbPsf]
5 . t/, lj8Dagf egf}+ of ckzf]r
k[YjLgf/fo0f zfxsf] slyt /fHo
PsLs/0f kl5 / cem egf}+ /fhf
dx]Gb|sf] k~rfotL zf;gsfnotf
/fHon] yf? hfltdfly s'g} k|sf/sf]
;xfg'e"lt b]vfpg ;s]g . cem
@)$^ ;fnkl5sf] ax'bnLo zf;g
Joj:yfdf ;fdGtL ;+:sf/, ;+:s[lt
/ zf;g hah{:t?kdf PskIfLo
9+un] yf]kl/g k'Uof] . kmn:j?k yf?
;d' b fosf] cfk\ m gf] ljz] i ftf,
df}lnstf, :jfledfg / k/Dk/fut
;+:s[ltdf x|f; dfq xf]Og emg\
ljs[lt / lj;+ultlt/ ws]lng k'Uof] .
yf? hfltsf log} ;fdflhs
/ ;fF : s[ l ts klxrfg u/fpg]
p2]Zon] w]/}k6s yf? dxf]T;j,
e]nf / uf]i7Lx? eP t/ klg
o;sf P] l txfl;s tYox?nfO{
vf]hljg ug]{ / jf:tljs yf?
hfltsf] pTklQ s;/L, sxfF /
slxn] a f6 yf? eGg] zAbsf]
z'?jft eof] < eGg] ljifodf
km/s–km/s wf/0ffx? cfPklg ;xL
lgisif{ cem};Dd cfPsf] 5}g . of]
cfd ax;sf] ljifo ag]sf] 5 /
k|ljlwsf] 1fg kfPsf 5g\ . h;n]
ubf{ k|fljlws 1fgsf] cefjsf
sf/0f l;rfO{ , dnsf] dfqf,
ljiffbLsf] hyfefaL k|of]u x'bF f df6f]
lau| g ' s f ;fy} jftfj/0fdf
gsf/fTds c;/ kg]{ u/]sf] 5 .
df6f]sf] pj{/f zlQm a9fpg] s[ifssf
;fyLsf ?kdf lrlgg] dfx' / L,
s'dfnsf]6L, u8\of}nf / af?nfsf]
klg nf]k x'bF } uO/x]sf] 5 .
cWoogn] klg k'li6 ul/;s]sf]
5 ls s[lif sfo{df dlxnfx?sf]
;xeflutf lj:tf/} j[l4 x'bF } uO/x]sf]
5 . ca s[lifsf] k|d'v sfddf
dlxnfx?nfO{ ;xefuL gu/fpFbf;Dd
s[lif Joj;fo km:6fpg g;Sg] kSsf
h:tf] eO;s]sf] 5 . k'?ifx?sf]
t'ngfdf dlxnfsf] s[lif sfo{df
lg0ff{ossf cufl8 cfk\mgf yf]qf
tyf uGxfpg] h'Qf k|bz{g ug{k' 5{ .
gf;fsf /;foglj1 tyf a|fpg
ljZjljBfnosf uGw ljifosf
k|fk] m];/ o; k|ltof]lutfsf lg0ff{os
x'G5g\ . k|ltof]lutfdf h'Qfsf n];,
;f]n cflb klg x]l/G5 . k|fyldstf
yf? hfltsf] P]ltxfl;s tYox?
k|fKt ug{ /fli6«o :jfwLgtf /
:jfledfgsf nflu ;Fu;Fu} snf,
;+:s[ltsf] ;+/If0f / ;Da4{gsf
nflu lnkLsf] dfWofdaf6 hjfkm
lbg'kg]{ a]nf cfPsf] 5 .
df3L kj{sf d'Vo ljz]iftfx? M
yf? ;d'bfodf df3] ;+qmflGtsf]
b'O{ lbgcl3 df5f df/]/ vfg] rng
5 . k'; d;fGtsf] lbg lhtf cyf{t\
;'ªu\ /' , aª\u/' df/]/ vfg] / ;fFemaf6
ufpFsf] cu'jfx?sf] 3/df ;a} hgf
e]nf eP/ cfk\mgf] ;+:s[lt cg'?k
w'd? uLt ufpg] tyf gfrufg u/L
/fte/ hfu|fd a:5g\ . ha efn]
af:5 ta of] ;d'bfosf dfG5]x?
gfRb} ufpFb} gbL / vf]nfdf uO{
g'xfpg] u5{g\ / To;kl5 k"hf ug]{
u5{g\ . laxfgsf] k"hfkl5 cf–cfk\mgf
3/df uO{ r]nLsf] gfddf g'g,
df;sf] u]8f / rfdn u/L tLgyl/sf
j:t'x? …lg;|fpÚ r9fpg] / csf]{
lbg r]nLa]6Lsf] 3/df k'¥ofpg] rng
clxn] klg sfod} /x]sf] 5 . 3/–
3/df uP/ cfk"meGbf 7"nfnfO{ cfb/
;Ddfg ub}{ 9f]ue]6 ug]{ / ;fgfnfO{
cfzLjf{b lbg], l9qmL, df;'nufotsf
ljleGg kl/sf/sf vfg]s/' fx? klg
vfg] rng /x]sf] 5 . df3 dlxgfsf]
@ ut]bl] v 3/d'nLx?sf] aLrdf df3L
b]jfgL z'? x'G5 / vfglkg;Fu} %
lbg;Dd w' d wfd;F u of] kj{
dgfpg] ul/G5 .
nugzLntf / kl/>d Hofbf b]lvg]
u/]sf] 5 . To;sf/0f klg dlxnf
s[ifsx?nfO{ s[lif 1fg / ;Lksf]
cfjZostf kg{ uPsf] 5 . a]gf{ /fVg]
hdLgsf] tof/Lb]lv sf6\g,] af]Sg],
bfpg], cf];fpg], s]nfpg] / yGsfpg]
dfq xf]Og cfhef]ln vghf]t ug]{
/ k'?ifs} xf/fxf/Ldf s'nf] dd{tdf
hfg] u/]sf] ;d]t xfdL b]V5f}+ . To;}n]
lgoldt afnL ;Dks{df hfg] s[ifs
dlxnfx?nfO{ /f]u ls/fsf] 1fg, dn
ljiffbLsf] k|of]u, l;rfO{, xfjfkfgL
uf] 8 d] n , pGgt hftx?sf]
klxrfgnufot ;Dk"0f{ afnLgfnLsf]
1fg x'g ;s]df pTkfbg a9\g] /
;fFRr} xfd|f] y]uf]h:t} aGg k'us ] f]
s[lif k|wfg b]z aGgdf Pp6f cfofd
ylkg] lyof] . cGoyf tflnd lbg]
klg k'?if / tflnd / k|rf/sf] sfd
klg k'?ifsf] dfq x'g] t/ v]taf/Ldf
dlxnfx? dfq hf]lt/xg] x'g k'U5 .
o:tf] cj:yfsf] cGTo ug{ / dlxnf
s[ i fsx?nfO{ s[ l if tflnd jf
k| l zIf0fx?df a9L ;xeflutf
u/fpg]tkm{ ;DalGwt lgsfo /
;/f]sf/jfnfn] a]n}df ;f]Rg'kg]{
b]lvG5 . b]zsf] s[lif cy{tGqnfO{
cfTdlge{/ agfpg] xf] / qmflGtsf/L
e"ld;'wf/ nfu" u/L s[lif qmflGtdf
hf]8 lbg] xf] eg] k/Dk/fut ;f]r + /
k|ljlwdf cfd"n kl/jt{g u/L pGgt
/ ;Ifd dlxnf s[ifsx? pTkfbg
ug{ ;s]df dfq pTkfbg j[l4 ug{
;lsg]5 / b]zdf x'g] vfB ;+s6nfO{
xn ug{ ;lsg]5 .
rfFxL uGwnfO{ lbOG5 .
ljh]tfn] gub k'/:sf/, uGw–
lg/f]ws ;fdu|L cflb
k'/:sf/:j?k kfpg] ub{5g\ . o;
k|ltof]lutfsf] cfof]hs Ps uGw
lg/f]ws ;fdu|L pTkfbs sDkgL
/xFb} cfPsf] 5 .
^
;dfrf/ ljljw
df3sf] klxnf] ;ftf e'ldxLgnfO{ nfnk'hf{
t'n;Lk'/÷÷t'n;Lk'/ gu/ ljsf; ;ldltn] df3sf] klxnf] ;ftfb]lv P]nfgL
hUufdf a:b} cfPsf ;j{;fwf/0fnfO{ nfnk'hf{ lbg] ePsf] 5 .
t'n;Lk'/ gu/ ljsf; ;ldltsf cWoIf s[i0fuf]kfn u'Ktfn] lbPsf] hfgsf/Lcg';f/
o;cl3sf k6s–k6s ePsf] gu/ ljsf; ;ldltsf af]8{ a}7sn] u/]sf lg0f{o
sfof{Gjog x'g afFsL /x]sfn] k"/f ug{ nfluPsf] xf] . gu/ ljsf; ;ldltn] sfd
ug]{ ;f]r] klg ;/sf/ kl/jt{g 5f]6} ;dodf x'g] / ;/sf/;Fu} gu/ ljsf; af]8{ klg
lj36g x'g] ePsfn] dxTjk"0f{ sfd ;DkGg x'g ;s]sf 5}gg\ . cfkm\gf] sfo{sfndf
c/lgsf] d}bfgsf] ;fj{hlgs d~r, gu/ ljsf;sf] kvf{n tyf ;dLIffnosf] Ps
tnf yk]sf], /+u/f]ug u/L yk cfsif{s / ;'ljwf ;DkGg agfO{ cfo>f]t a9fPsf]
/ cem y'k}| sfd ug{ afFsL /x]sf] pgn] atfP . clxn];Dd t'n;Lk'/ ahf/
cf;kf;df /x]sf s]xL 7"n7"nf ejgx?n] nfnk'hf{ kfPsf 5}gg\ . k6sk6ssf
r'gfjdf g]tfx?af6 k'hf{ ljt/0f ul/g] zt{df dtbfg u/]klg k'hf{ clxn];Dd
s;}n] lbg ;s]sf] 5}g . u0ftflGqs g]kfnsf] klxnf] hglgjf{lrt dfcf]jfbLsf]
;/sf/sf] cfzf ul//x]s} a]nf ;Qf ablnPkl5 lg/f; ePsf P]nfgLaf;Ldf clxn]
k'hf{ ljt/0fsf] xNnfn] cfzf knfPsf] 5 . t/ xftdf k'hf{ gkfpFbf;Dd g]tfsf
efif0f / sfof{nosf cfZjf;g yf]qf ukmdfq} x'g\ ls h:tf] nfUg] Ps 3/
dflnsn] atfP . ptf gu/ ljsf; ;ldltsf cWoIf u'Ktfn] o;k6s cl3sf
gu/ ljsf; ;ldltn] l;kmfl/; u/L k7fPsf / To;sf] cfwf/df ljefuaf6
cg'dlt kfOPsf s]xL 3/nfO{ dfq} k'hf{ ljt/0f sfo{ z'? ug{ nfluPsf] atfP .
k6s k6s /f]lsPsf] sfo{ o;k6s klg sxfF;Dd hfg] xf] b]zsf] /fhgLlts
cj:yf / ;/sf/ kl/jt{gsf] xNnfn] ubf{ ;xL hjfkm gu/ ljsf;;Fu klg 5}g .
gu/ ljsf; ;ldlt sfof{no k|dv ' lnnfafj' l;jfsf]6Lsf cg';f/ cJojl:yt
a;f]af;nfO{ Jojl:yt ug{ gfk gS;f u/L k'hf{ lbg ldNg] 7xl/P nfnk'hf{ lbOg]5 .
clxn] gfdLgu/ nfOg, dl:hb nfOg / j?jfufpFn] s'nf] nfOgsf a:tLx?nfO{
gfkhfFr ul/g] / nfnk'hf{sf nflu plrt 7xl/P l;kmfl/; ul/g] ePsf] xf] . o;/L
z'4 P]nfgLdf sof}+ a:tLx? a;]sf 5g\ . t'n;Lk'/ ahf/ cf;kf;d} slt dfG5]
P]nfgLdf 5g\ Plsg tYofÍ s;};uF 5}g . gfk gS;f clxn] u/]klg Tof] l/kf]6{ zx/L
ljsf; ljefudf k7fpg'kg],{ ToxfFaf6 e"ld;'wf/ dGqfno, e'ld;'wf/ sfof{no x'bF }
dfnkf]t sfoff{nodf cfPkl5 dfq} gu/ ljsf;n] ljt/0f ub{5 . o;/L z'4 P]nfgLdf
a;]sfn] slDtdf Ps jif{ s'/k] l5 dfq nfnk'hf{ xftdf kfg]{ b]lvG5 .
krf; du/ o'jf dfcf]jfbLdf k|jz]
bfª÷
bfª÷du/ /fli6«o d'lQm df]rf{ g]kfnsf] lhNnf :tl/o k|lzIf0f ut ;ftf
3f]/fxLdf ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . df]rf{sf] lhNnf cWoIf tf]/gl;+ª 7f8fdu/sf]
cWoIftfdf ePsf] sfo{qmddf df]rf{sf s]Gb|Lo dxf;lrj Pj+ PsLs[t g]skf
dfcf]jfbL ?s'dsf O{Grfh{ z?0f jfF7f du/sf] k|dv ' cfltYodf ;DkGg ePsf]
lyof] . k|dv ' cltly afF7fdu/ / PsLs[t g]skf dfcf]jfbL bfªsf ;]qm]6/L ;'jf;
k'gn] du/ :jfoQ k|bz] sf] :yfkgf, ;|ft] ;fwgdflysf] cu|flwsf/;lxtsf] ;+3Lo
hgu0ftGq, zflGt, ;+ljwfg, gful/s ;jf]R{ rtf, /fli6«o :jfwLgtf, hftLo :jfoQtf
/ cfTdlg0f{osf] clwsf/nufotsf laifodf k|lzIf0f lbg'ePsf] lyof] . sfo{qmddf
df]rf{sf s]Gb|Lo ;b:o bofhL /f]sf, dw];L df]rf{sf ch'g{ l;+x, df]rf{sf ;Nnfxsf/x?
k"0f{sd' f/L k'g, ;taxfb'/ /f]sf, uf]s0f{ k'gnufotn] dGtJo JoQm ug'e{ Psf] lyof] .
;f]xL cj;/df bfªsf krf; hgf o'jfx? PsLs[t g]skf dfcf]jfbL;Da4
du/ /fli6«o d'lQmdf]rf{df k|jz] u/]sf 5g\ . 3f]/fxLdf ePsf] df]rf{sf] lhNnf:t/Lo
k|lzIf0f sfo{qmdsf] cj;/df du/ o'jf Snjsf s]Gb|Lo ;b:ox? zf]saxfb'/
/f]sf du/, ;'lgn a'9fdu/, lx/faxfb'/ /f]sf du/, hgs a'9f du/, x:taL/ k'g
du/ / bfªsf cWoIf nId0f a'9fdu/;lxt %) hgf du/ o'jfx? df]rf{df
k|j]z u/]sf x'g\ . gjk|j]zLx?nfO{ df]rf{sf s]Gb|Lo dxf;lrj Pj+ PsLs[t
g]skf dfcf]jfbL ?s'dsf O~rfh{ z?0f af“7f du/ / dfcf]jfbL bfªsf ;]qm]6/L
;'jf; k'gdu/n] :jfut ug'{ePsf] lyof] .
?s'ddf Nof08 nfOg kmf]gsf] ;'?jft
?s'd÷÷u|fdL0f :t/df ;'rgfsf] kx'Fr k'¥ofpg] ;/sf/sf] p2]Zocg';f/
laxLaf/b]lv ?s'ddf Nof08 nfOg 6]lnkmf]gsf] ;'?jft ePsf] 5 . o;cl3 !@
nfOg 6]lnkmf]g dfq ePsf] ;b/d'sfd vn+ufdf tTsfn} kfFr ;o nfOg kmf]g
ljt/0f ul/g] klg b"/;~rf/ sfof{no ?s'dsf k|dv' s[i0fk|;fb zdf{n] atfpg'eof] .
b"/;~rf/ sfof{no ?s'dsf cg';f/ lhNNffdf o;cl3 ljt/0f ul/Psf !@
nfOg Nof08 nfOg 6]lnkmf]gsf] gDa/nfO{ klg kl/jt{g ul/Psf] 5 . tLg
aif{cl3b]lv ;Lldt dfqfdf z'? ul/Psf] pQm 6]lnkmf]gsf] gDa/ )**–^$(===
/x]sf]df clxn] )**–%#)=== sfod ul/Psf] 5 . %#) eGbf k5fl8sf gDa/x?
eg] oyfjt /flvPsf] b"/;~rf/ sfof{no ?s'dn] atfPsf] 5 . tTsfn kfFr
;o nfOg ljt/0f ul/g] / kl5 yk ub{} nlug] k|d'v zdf{n] hfgsf/L lbg'eof] .
pxfFn] nfOg ljt/0f ug{sf] nflu ;a} tof/L k"/f eO;s]sf] / casf] !% lbgleq}
lhNNff ;b/d'sfddf Nof08 nfOg kmf]g pkef]Qmfx?n] pkof]u ug]{ atfpg'eof] .
ut aif{ dfq lhNnfdf df]jfOn tyf l;l8PdP kmf]g ;]jfsf] ;'?jft ePsf]
lyof] . Nof08 nfOg kmf]g ;~rfng ePkl5 Od]n OG6/g]6sf] nflu klg
?s'dsf kqsf/x?n] nfOgdf a:g'kg{] afWotf 6g{] ePsf] 5 .
/Qmbfg tyf v]ns'b sfo{qmd
3f]/fxL÷zflGt ;'wf cfjfzLo pdfljsf] ;f]x|f}+ jflif{s pT;jsf] cj;/df ut
;ftf /Qmbfg tyf ljljw v]ns'b sfo{qmd ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . h'lgo/ /]8qm;
;s{n zflGt;'wfsf] cfof]hgfdf pQm sfo{qmd ;DkGg ePsf] xf] . sfo{qmddf
:s'nsf k|wfgfWofks ljgo s'df/ ld>, lzIfsx? lgdfgGb u}/], vu]Gb| vgfn,
rlr{n lu/L, ;dL{nf zfx, ;'wL/ of]uL, ljBfyL{x? /fhLj e08f/L, 6f]gL zfx,
k|ltIff l8;L, zLtn z]kf{OnL, cljefjsx? lu/L/fh ae08f/L, bfdf]b/ cfrfo{
nufotsfn] /Qmbfg ug'e{ Psf] lyof] . o;}u/L jflif{s pT;jsf] cj;/df d+unjf/
k|fylds tx / lgdflj txsf ljBfyL{aLr v]ns'b sfo{qmd ;DkGg ePsf]
lyof] . n]j]Gb|s'df/ Gof}kfg]af6
ljljw 1fg–lj1fg
!= g]kfn sDo'lgi6 kf6L{sf] klxnf] dxflwj]zg @)!) df3 !& ut]
sf7df08f}df ePsf] lyof] . e"ldut ?kdf ;DkGg k|yd
dxflwj]zgaf6 dgdf]xg clwsf/L dxf;lrj ePsf lyP .
@= rGb|dfnfO{ 5'g] klxnf] cGtl/If ofg n'gf–@ xf] . o;nfO{ ;f]leot
;+3n] k7fPsf] lyof] .
#= dflg;sf] lbdfu @ s/f]8 tGt' ldn]/ ag]sf] x'G5 eg] dfgj
z/L/sf] ;j}eGbf s8f tGt' xf8 xf] .
$= ljZj ;j{xf/f ju{sf dxfg sDo'lgi6 g]tf dfcf]T;]t'ªsf] hGd
;g\ !*(# l8;]Da/ @^ df rLgsf] x'gfg k|fGt ZofªZofg
sfpG6Lsf] ;fcf];fg ufpFdf ePsf] lyof] eg] ;g\ !(&^ ;]K6]Da/df
pxfFsf] lgwg ePsf] lyof] .
%= u|L;sf] /fli6«o hgfj/ 8lNkmg xf] t/ 8lNkmg u|L;df slx klg kfOb}g .
^= ljZjs} ;j}eGbf 7"nf] d?e"ld ;xf/f xf] . If]qkmnsf] lx;fjn] em08}
o'/f]khqf] of] d?e"ld cGo d?e"ldsf] ;+oQ' m If]qkmneGbf PSn} 7"nf] 5 .
&= g]kfnsf] /fli6«o v]n 808Lljof] / skbL{ x'g\ .
*= psfnf] nfU5 v'§f 5}g kfgL vfP e'tS' s} x'G5 s] xf] < – 89]nf] .
e'n ;'wf/ M g]kfnsf] k"j{klZrd nDafO{ **% lsld xf] .
utfª\sdf cGoyf ePsf]n] ;RofOPsf] 5 .
 jif{ !@, c+s *, @)^^ kf}if @^ ut] cfOtaf/
;fd'bflos jgsf] cfDbfgL ljsf; lgdf{0fdf
uf]ljGb v8\sf
af6f]el/ bfp/f af]Sg]x?sf] eL8,
7fpF – 7fpF d f bfp/fsf 7" N 7" n f
rfªx?, 3/] n ' xltof/ lnPsf
ufpFn]x? laxfg xf];\ of ;fFem
jg}el/ el/Psf x'G5g\ / lbg}el/h;f]
6fSs6' S s cfjfh ;' l g/xG5 .
hyfefjL jgh+ u n km8fgL,
cltqmd0f / sf7 rf]/Llgsf;L
eO/x]sf] cj:yfdf k~rs'n]sf]
afub}nf ;fd'bflos jgdf k'Ug] hf]
sf]xL klg of] b[Zo b]v/] eml:sg
;S5 . t/, eml:sg'kg]{ s]xL 5}g .
ToxfF jg km8fgL x'Fb} 5}g a?
jgh+un s;/L ;kmf, x/fe/f /
;'Gb/ agfpg] eg]/ pkef]Qmfx?n]
sfF65fF6 ul//x]sf 5g\ . s/La ^
;o pkef] Q mf /x] s f] afub} n f
;fd'bflos jg Jojl:yt ug{ ;a}n]
tLg lbg;Dd >dbfg ug]{ lgod
agfOPsf] ;ldltsf cWoIf ;]jG] b|
b]jsf]6fn] hfgsf/L lbg'eof] .
k~rs'n] uflj;sf j8f g+= !,
@, # / $ sf afl;Gbfx? clxn]
afub} n f ;fd' b flos jg If] q
sfF65fF6df nfu]sf 5g\ . ut jif{
jg Joj:yfkgdf lhNnfel/df
k|yd ePsf]] afub}nf o;jif{ klg
To;s} lg/Gt/tf lbg] bfpdf
nfu]sf] 5 . jg ;+/If0fsf ;fy}
;kmf, x/fe/f / ;' G b/ agfO{
lhNnfd} gd"gf jgsf] ?kdf ljsf;
ug]{ nIo lnPsf 5g\ pgLx?n] .
clwsf+z e"–efu ;fn, l;;f}
)%! ;fndf :yfkgf ePsf] afub}nf ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"xn] cfk\mgf] cfDbfgLaf6
clxn] ljBfno, dlGb/nufotsf ljsf; lgdf{0fsf ljljw sfddf nufgL ul//x]sf] 5 eg]
klZrd bfªs} xsdf ;a}eGbf 7"nf] ;ef ejg agfpg] tof/Ldf h'6]sf] 5 .
/ ;fhh:tf dx+uf] d'Nosf 7"nf a9L c6fpg ;Sg] ;efejg agfpg ;kmf, ;'Gb/ / x/fe/f afub}nfsf]
?vn] cf]u6]sf] afub}nfdf c? ;fgf nfu]sf] 5 . ejg lgdf{0fdf s/La csf]{ cfsif{0f h+unsf] aLrdf /x]sf]
?v / emf8L klg k|z:t 5 . h;n] ;ft nfv /sd nfUg] cg'dfg lzj dlGb/ ePsf] 5 . z'?df
;fgf lj?jfnfO{ a9\g / aLp ul/Psf] 5 . To:t}, o;} jif{ cf7 k| r f/sf] sdL ePklg clxn]
c+s'/fpg lbb}g . sfF65fF6kl5 xhf/b]lv afx| xhf/;Dd nufgL ug]{ lzj/fqLdf d] n f eg{ , ljjfx,
kftaf6 lj?jfnfO{ cfjZos dn ul/ 3' l Dtsf] i f :yfkgf ul/g] j|tjGw, nfv aQL, syf, ?b|Lh:tf
aGg] / ns8Laf6 pkef]Qmf / atfOPsf] 5 . h;sf] dfWofdaf6 wfld{ s sfo{ ug{ zflGtgu/,
jgnfO{ nfe x'g] ePsf] 5 . ns8L Ps nfv aL; xhf/ ?k} o fF kjggu/, af3df/] a f6 >4fn'
/ 3fF ; bfp/faf6 jflif{ s 8] 9 pkef]Qmfx?df nufgL ul/g];d]t eQmhg cfpg] u/] s f]
nfv;Dd cfDbfgL x'g] u/]sf] cWoIf ;d"xsf sf]iffWoIf k|lbk zfxn] :yfgLoaf;Ln] atfP . dlGb/
b]jsf]6fsf] egfO{ 5 . k~rs'ns ] f] hfgsf/L lbg'eof] . olt w]/} pknlAw Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf pkfWoIf
Psb]lv rf/ j8fsf] b'O{ ;o k}lt; / ;kmntf xfFl;n u/]klg jg 6]saxfb'/ a'9fyf]sLsf cg';f/
bzdnj 5lQ; x] S 6/ If] q df hf]ufpg eg] lgs} r'gf}ltk"0f{ ePsf] jgsf] hUufdf dlGb/ ePsfn]
km}lnPsf] jg If]q 7]Ssfk§f / sf7 ;d"xsf cWoIf ;]jG] b| b]jsf]6fsf] ltyf{n'nfO{ dfq geO{ cWoog
rf]/Llgsf;Lh:tf lqmofsnfkaf6 cg'ej 5 . blIf0f a]lnjf/ j'6s \ j] f, e|d0f ug]n
{ fO{ ;d]t jg If]q lgs}
hf]ufPsf]n] clxn] kmfObf x'bF } uPsf] pQ/ pd'jfnL 6f]n / lvntk'/, pkof]uL ePsf] 5 . ;fd'bflos
cWoIf b]jsf]6fn] atfP . k"j{df l6s'nLu}/f / klZrddf jgsf] c9fO{ lj3f If]q hldg /
afub}nfaf6 cfPsf] sdfO{af6 lznfk'/ufpF h:tf 7"n7"nf a:tLn] dlGb/ dd{tsf nflu !@ xhf/
jg;ldltn] :yfgLo ;'wf zfx jg If]q 3]/s ] f] 5 . o:tf] cj:yfdf ?k}ofF lbO;lsPsf] / l5§} #) xhf/
k| f lj s6s' O F o fnfO{ @% xhf/ jg km8fgL / cltqmd0faf6 hf]ufpg ?k}ofF lbg] tof/L eO/x]sf] jg
a/fa/sf] ;xof]u ul/;lsPsf] / lgs} r'gf}lt ePsf] cWoIf b]jsf]6fn] ;d"xsf cWoIf b]jsf]6fn] hfgsf/L
efg'eQm dfljnfO{ Psnfv ;xof]u atfpg' eof] . s/La kfFr x]S6/ ;f9] lbg'eof] .
lbOg] cWoIf b]jsf]6fn] hfgsf/L cf7 lj3f jg If]q cltqmd0f ePsf] cl3Nnf] jif{
lbg'eof] . o; jif{ Pp6f ;–ldn pxfFsf] cg'dfg 5 . Joj;:yfkgdf k|yd cfPsf] jg
Nofpg] / aflx/ lgsf;L x' g ] asfOgf] , cfF k , ;fn, ;d'x o;jif{ yk cGo ljifodf
sf7kftsf] lr/fg klg pkef]Qmf l;;f} n ufotsf ?vn] 9fs] s f] klg k| y d x' g ] cfzf u/] s f]
;d"xn] g} ug]{ of]hgf /x]sf] pxfFn] h+undf aFb]n, jg v/fof], jg plgx?sf] egfO{ 5 . ;a} jg
atfpg'eof] . s'v/' f Pj+ ljleGg r/fr'?ËLx? / pkef]Qmf ;d"xn] jg If]qsf] ;+/If0f
klZrd bfªdf st} klg 7"nf] hLjhGt' v]ns ] f] dgf]/d b[Zo x]g{ u/L cfTdlge{/ aGg / cfk\mgf] ufpF
;efejg gePsf] cj:yfnfO{ ;lsg] :yfgLoafl;Gbfx? 7fpFsf] ljsf; lgdf{0f cfkm} ug{
Wofgdf /fv]/ pkef]Qmf ;d"xn] atfpF5g\ . o;n] ;fd'bflos jgsf] ;s] …xl/of] jg, g]kfnsf] wgÚ
sf}lznfk'/sf] /ftf]8fF8f]df b'O{ ;o yk cfsif{0f a9fPsf] 5 . To:t}, egfO{n] ;fy{stf kfpFYof] ls <
&
;dfrf/ ljljw
yf? df]rf{n] lhNnf ;Dd]ng ug]{
bfª÷
bfª÷yf? /fli6«o d'lQm df]rf{ g]kfnn] cfufdL df3 @%/ @^ ut]
rf}yf] lHfNnf ;Dd]ng ug]{ ePsf] 5 . df]rf{sf] ;Dd]ng cfof]hs ;ldltsf
;+of]hs /fd jxfb'/ blxtsf] cWoIftfdf j'wjf/ 3f]/fxLdf j;]sf] j}7sn]
pQm lg0f{o u/]sf] xf] . df]rf{n] ;Dd]ngsf] k|rf/ k|;f/ ug],{ ufpFufpdf
;+u7g ;'b9[ tyf lj:tf/sf] nfuL Jofks tof/Ldf nfu]sf] jtfPsf] 5 .
j}7sn] yf?jfg :JffoQ u0f/fHo 3f]if0ff, cfTdlg0f{osf] clwsf/ ;lxt
hflto :jfoQtf / ;+l3o /fHosf] ljifodf k|To]s j8fdf k|lzIf0f
rnfpg], yf?jfg :jfoQ u0f/fHosf] /Iff ub}{ ;+l3otf lj/fwL s'tTjx?sf]
e08fkmf]/ ug].{ k|To]s j8fdf /fli6«o ;Dd]ng ;'/Iff :jod\ ;]jg bn
u7g ug]{ nufotsf lg0f{o u/]sf] 5 . o;}u/L j}7sn] oxL kf}if #) ut]
df3L ;Gbe{sf] cj;/df z'esfdgf cfbfg k|bfg sfo{qmd ug]{,
df3 % ut] cGt{lqmof sfo{qmd ug]{ nufotsf lg0f{o u/]sf] ;ldltsf
;+of]hs /fd jxfb'/ blxtn] jtfpg' eof] . j}7sn] ;b:ox?sf]
sfo{If]q ljefhg u/L lkmN8df k7fO;s]sf] / ;Dd]ngsf] Jofks
tof/Ldf h'6]sf] pxfFn] hfgsf/L lbg'eof] .
;+3if{ u/]/ dfq af“Rg ;lsg]
bfª÷
bfª÷lx+;faf6 k|efljt eO{ xfn cf]/s ] g]kfnsf] ;]kmxfp;df
a;]/ clwsf/sf nflu nl8/x]sf dlxnfx?n] cfk"mx? ;d:of;Fu n8\g
;Sg] ePsf] atfPsf 5g\ . kvf{nleq cfjZos k/]dfq} vf]lng] /
;j}nfO{ ;lhn} k|jz] ug{ glbg] ;]kmxfp;df hDdf ePsf k|efljt
dlxnfx?n] o:tf] atfPsf x'g\ . ut ;ftf ePsf] Ps 5nkmnsf
qmddf pgLx?n] kL8f ;x]/ a;]sf] ls t ;w+} ckdfg ;x]/ a:g'kg]{
jg ls t cfTdxTofsf] af6f] /f]Hg'kg]{ cj:yf cfpg] lyof] eGb} ;+3if{
u/]/dfq} afFRg ;kmn ePsf] atfP . cGofo klg gug]{ pTkL8g klg
g;xg] xf] eg] dlxnf lx+;f l5§} cGt x'g] pgLx?sf] wf/0ff lyof] .
lx+;f k|efljtx? Pshgf klxrfg gv'ns ] f ckfË;lxt cf7 hgf
/x]sf 5g\ . ;]kmsf] x]/rfx, aRrfaRrLsf] /]vb]v, t/sf/L v]tL,
cbfntdf d'2f / tf/]v, lx+;f k|efljt dlxnf ;fyLx?sf] af/]df
jsfnt tyf k9fO{n]vfO{ u/]/ pgLx? ;do latfpg] ub{5g\ .
lghL ljBfnonfO{ Jojl:yt ug{ ;j} nfUg'kg]{
bfª÷
bfª÷lghL ljBfnonfO{ Jojl:yt ug{ ;j} cf–cfk\mgf] If]qaf6

cfTdlge{/ aGb}5g\ zf/Ll/s ckfª\ux?

xl/af]n e§/fO{÷xnjf/ pgn] k9\g gkfPsf] b'v; ] f] kf]Vb} g]kfnLn] ckfËx?nfO{ ;xof]u ug]{ ;d]t ;xof]u k'¥ofpFb} cfPsf] pgn]
nfUg''kg]{ wf/0ff Ps sfo{qmddf af]Ng] jQmfx?n] /fv]sf 5g\ . KofK;g
bfªsf] !(cf}+ lbj;sf] cj;/df z'qmaf/ 3f]/fxLdf ul/Psf] ;+3Lo
/fHodf lghLljBfnosf] ;Defjgf / r'gf}ltx? ljifos cGt/lqmof
sfo{qmddf af]Ng] jQmfx?n] To:tf] wf/0ff /fv]sf lyP .
KofK;g bfªsf cWoIf s]zj yfkfsf] cWoIftf / s]Gb|Lo pkfWoIf
zf/Ll/s ckfËx?n] s]xL ug{ eg]– …klxnf ;a}n] ckfËnfO{ k9fP/ elgPsf ;+3;+:yfx? ;xof]u ug]{ atfP . o:t} xnjf/–$ sL b'j} v'§f gf/fo0f clwsf/Lsf] k|dv ' cfltYodf ;DkGg pQm sfo{qmddf af]Ng]
;Sb}gg\, ckfËx? 3/ kl/jf/sf] af]em s] x'G5 / < k9fpg' kb}g{ eg], eGbf ckfËsf] gfd ehfP/ cfk\mgf] gnfUg] zf/Ll/s ckfË k'ikf v8\sfn] jQmfx?n] lzIff k|bfg ug]{ ;+:yf lghL ePklg lzIff lghL x'g g;Sg]
x'G5g\ eGg] ;f]rfO{nfO{ tf]8b\ } cj;/ k9\g kfPsf] eP cem /fd|f] sfd k]6 eg]{ w]/} ePsf] pgn] atfP– clxn] l;nfO{s6fO{ l;ls/x]sf] l5g\ . ePsfn] ;/sf/n] o;sf] lgsf;sf nflu Jojxfl/s gLlt cjnDag
kfPdf pgLx?n] klg s]xL ug{ ;S5g\ ug{ ;lsGYof] ls <Ú b'O{ jif{ 3f]/fxLdf …clxn];Dd dfgj sNof0fn] Pp6f eljiodf l;nfO{s6fO{ ;]G6/ vf]Ng] ug{k' g]{ atfPsf lyP . sfo{qmddf lhNnf lzIff clwsf/L w|j' /fh s];Ln]
eGg] pbfx/0f lbg ;kmn ePsf 5g\ 5fnfsf h' Q f rKkn l;nfpg] 8«fO jfOsn / uflj;n] dfl;s b'O{ ;f]r /x]sf] pgn] atfOg\ . lghL ljBfnon] k'¥ofPsf] of]ubfgsf] k|zz + f;d]t ug{e
' Psf] lyof] .
zf/Ll/s ckfË OGb|axfb'/ g]kfnLn] . tflnd lnPkl5 k;]g{ Ldf cfk\mg} ;o lbg] u/]sf] 5, Tof] eGbf c? OGb|axfb'/, c;s'df/ / k'ikf t sfo{qmddf g]kfn kqsf/ dxf;+3 bfªsf cWoIf k|tfk /]UdL, clvn
cfk\mg} >d / ;Lksf] k|of]u u/]/ nufgLdf k;n ;~rfng ul//x]sf] s;}n] ;xof]u u/]sf 5}gg\ .Ú cfk"m k|ltlglw kfq dfq x'g\ . pgLx?h:tf qmflGtsf/Lsf cWoIf a;Gt rf}w/L, g]kfn ;+:s[t ljZjljBfnosf
cfTdlge{ / ag] s f xnjf/–@ g] k fnLn] atfP . a'jfsf] d[To' blnt / ckfË ePklg blntx?sf] w]/} zf/Ll/s ckfËx? ufpFa:tLdf ;xk/LIfs gf/fo0f g]kfnn] dGtAo JoQm ug'{ ePsf] lyof] . sfo{qmddf
gjnk'/lgjf;L g]kfnLn] k;]g{ Ldf …OGb| eO;s]sf] / bfh'x? 5'l§Pkl5 a'9L pTyfg ug{ eg] / vf] l nPsf cem} klg kL8f / lrGtf lnP/ ofbj lu/Ln] k|:t't u/]sf] sfo{kqdfly gf/fo0f ttf{n / lszf]/rGb
5fnf h'Qf rKkn dd{t k;nÚ cfdfsf] :ofxf/ ;';f/sf] lhDdf klg ;+3;+:yfn] cfk"mnfO{ ;xof]u gu/]sf] al;/x]sf 5g\ . s]xL ug]{ OR5f xFb' fxFb' } uf}tdn] l6Kk0fL ug{e' Psf] lyof] . ;f]xL sfo{qmddf KofK;g bfªn] g]kfn
;~rfng u/]/ dfl;s kfFr xhf/eGbf cfk\mg} sfFwdf /x]sf] g]kfnLn] atfP . g]kfnLn] u'gf;f] u/] . klg cfly{s cefj / ;Lksf] sdLsf kqsf/ dxf;+3sf] ejg lgdf{0fsf nflu % xhf/ % ;osf] ;xof]u
a9L cfDbfgL ug]{ u/]sf] atfpF5g\ . ckfË ePklg d]xgt / kl/>d ub}{ OGb|axfb'/h:t} xnjf/–@ aDg}df sf/0f 3/d} a:g afWo 5g\ . To:tf k|bfg ul/Psf] lyof] eg] ljleGg lghL ljBfnosf !) hgf 5fq5fqfnfO{
b' j } v' § f gnfUg] OGb| hfg] xf] eg] ckfËx?n] s]xL ug{ k;n ;~rfng ul//x]sf b[li6ljxLg zf/Ll/s ckfËx?sf] nfut tof/ d]wfjL 5fqf @)^^ k'/:sf/ k|bfg ul/Psf] lyof] .
XjLnlro/sf] ;xf/fdf otfplt ;Sb}gg\ eGg] ;f]rfO{nfO{ abNg] c;s'df/ rf}w/L ckfË ePklg s]xL kf/]/ ;/sf/n] cfTdlge{/ agfpg
lx88'n ub{5g\ . sIff $ ;Ddsf]
dfq cf}krfl/s lzIff xfl;n u/]sf]
;lsg] wf/0ff pgn] JoQm u/] .
ckfËtfsf] kl/ro kq gkfPsf]
ug]{ cfF6 / OR5f zlQm x'g] xf] eg]
s;};uF xft yfKg' gkg]{ atfpF5g\ .
ljleGg tflndx? ;~rfng ug]{ /
ckfËx? klg ;+ul7t eP/ cfk\mgf]
lhNnf dfjgclwsf/sf] cj:yfaf/] 5nkmn
g]qHof]lt ;+3 /Iffrf}/sf] cfly{s xs / lxtsf nflu cfjfh p7fpg] 3f]/fxL÷
fxL÷bfªdf dfgjclwsf/sf] cj:yf v:sb} uO/x]sf] eGb} z'qmaf/
df3L kj{sf] xflb{s z'esfdgf ;xof]udf k;n ;~rfng ul//x]sf] xf] eg] zf/Ll/s ckfËx? klg 3f]/fxLdf cfof]lht Ps sfo{qmddf af]Ng] jQmfx?n] To;k|lt lrGtf JoQm
rf}w/Ln] atfP . k;naf6 x'g] cfTdlge{/ eP/ ;Ddfgk"js { afFRg u/]sf 5g\ . /fli6«o dfgjclwsf/ cfof]u If]qLo sfof{no g]kfnu~hsf]
bfªsf] :jfledfg sdn/L d'Qm ;dfhsf] lgdf{0f cfDbfgLn] cfk"mnufot 3/kl/jf/nfO{ kfpFy] ls < cfof]hgfdf ;DkGg sfo{qmddf dfgjclwsf/sf kIfdf sfd ug]{ ;+:yfn]
sdn/L k|yf aGb u/f},+ bfªnfO{ sdn/L d'Qm lhNnf 3f]if0ffsf] sfof{Gjog u/f}+ . ;d]t 36gfnfO{ /fhg}lts kf6L{;uF hf]8g\ ] k|jl[ Qn] dfgjclwsf/jfbL
…5f]/Lx? lzIff rfxG5g\, bf;tf xf]Og, cfsif{s 38]/Lx? laqmLdf dflyg} k|Zg pl7/x]sf] atfPsf lyP . cfof]usf If]qLo lgb]z { s d'/f/L
sdn/L k|yf aGb u/f}+, 5f]/LnfO{ :s"n k7fcf}+ .Ú v/]nsf] ;+of]hsTjdf ;DkGg sfo{qmddf bfª lhNnfsf] ;a}eGbf a9L
zfGt Pj+ /d0fLo 7fp“ t'n;Lk'/ 8'dL| ufp“l:yt lzv/ sf]nf]gLdf /x]sf :t/Lo
o; cfly{s jif{ )^^÷)^& sf nflu ;/sf/n] d'Qm sdn/Lsf] k'gM:yfkgf dfgjclwsf/sf] xgg\ eg]sf] sDn/Lk|yf ePsf] jtfPsf lyP . /fHoåf/f
ug{ bfª, alb{of, afFs,] s}nfnL, s~rgk'/ / ;'vt{] lhNnfdf d'Qm sdn/L dfkb08sf ;'ljwf;DkGg ljsl;t 38]/Lx? laqmLdf ul7t zflGt ;ldltn] åGåsf qmddf ePsf dfgjLo Ifltsf] Ifltk"lt{
lgMz'Ns lzIff, c;xfo d'Qm sdn/Lsf nflu cfjf;Lo lzIff / pd]/ 7"nf] 5g\ . t'?Gt ;Dks{ ug]{nfO{ ljz]if 5'6 lbnfpg g;s]sf] ;d]t pgLx?n] atfPsf lyP . sfo{qmddf gful/s
^ ld6/ af6f] gf]6 M
ePsf sf/0f :s"n hfg g;s]sf d'Qm sdn/Lx?sf nflu OR5fcg';f/sf] gu/ ;dfh bfªsf ;+of]hs l6sf/fd /]UdL, g]kfn kqsf/ dxf;+3 bfªsf
Jojf;los tflnd ;~rfngsf nflu ? !@ s/f]8 ah]6sf] Joj:yf u/sf] kflnsfaf6 cWoIf k|tfk /]UdL, af/sf cWoIf efg'eQm zdf{, dfgjclwsf/sdL{ lgd{n
;j}df ;xif{ hfgsf/L u/fpg rfxG5f}+ . gS;fkf; uf}td, s]jn zdf{, dlxnf clwsf/sdL{ nIdL cfrfo{, kb\df rf}w/L, /rgf
yf? ;d'bfosf r]nLx? sdn/L bf;tfaf6 d'Qm eO ;/sf/n] ;~rfng x'g] u/L ;'jb] L, kqsf/x? ;'lznf cfrfo{, ljk'n kf]vn| ] , x'dk|;fb a:ofn, zf/bf
ug{ nfu]sf] d'Qm sdn/L k'gM:yfkgf sfo{qmdcGtu{t lzIff / ;Lk xfl;n tof/ zdf{, ;ljg lk|of;g, ;l/tf ;'jb] L, k"j{ sDnx/L dl~hnf rf}w/L, lrGtfdl0f
ug]{ ck;/ kfP, ef]ln aGg] gofF g]kfn lgdf{0fsf nflu ;Ifd gful/ssf] ul/Psf] kf}8n] , OGb| u'Ktfnufotn] dfgjclwsf/ xggsf 36gfsf af/]df hfgsf/L
?kdf b]zsf s0f{wf/ aGg ;Sb5g\ . tL bf;Tj ;dfg hLjg ljtfO/x]sf pQ/ af6f] u/fPsf lyP . cfof]usf ;b:o ;d]z yfkfn] ;xhLs/0f u/]sf] ptm sfo{qmdsf
;Dks{ M lgb]z{ s d'/f/L v/]nn] ;a}nfO{ wGojfb lbPsf lyP .
nlnth u zfx – @ @ ^
sdn/Lx?sf] ;+jb] gzLntfnfO{ a'emL sdn/L sfdaf6 5'6sf/f lbnfO{
df]tL v8\sf – @ @
lzIff / /f]huf/d"ns ;Lksf] cj;/ k|fKt ug{df cf–cfk\mgf] 7fpFaf6
;xof]u ul/lbg'xg' ;j}df xflb{s clkn ub{5f}+ .
k|d
] v8\sf – ^
Rofp vfg'xf];\ :j:y /xg'xf];\ .
sdn/L d'lQmsf nflu ;femf d~r bfª, b]pv'/L W E x]daxfb / xdfn – @ ^ :j:y, tfhf / cf}ifwL u'0fo'Qm Rofpm
sGo hftsf] :jflbi6 Rofpm
cfsif{s 38]/L laqmLdf ;Dks{ M
k'/g zdf{
tkfO{sf] 3f]/fxL ahf/df pknAw 5 .
;lxb :d[lt ;xsf/L k;n
3f]/fxL g=kf=sf] ;/f{ 3f]/fxL–% gjnk'/, bfª 6«flkmsrf]s 3f]/fxL, bfª
lkr ;8s glhs} df]= M (*%&*@)&**, df]= M (*$&*$^^^@,
cfsif{s 38]/Lx? (*$&*%(%)^ (*%&*#)#^!
wdfwd laqmL eO/x]sf
5g\ . d+l;/ d;fGt;Dd ;a}n] ;'gf}+ /]l8of] dWoklZrd
38]/L a's ug]{nfO{ ljz]if g]kfnsf] dWoklZrd tyf ;"b'/klZrdsf b'u{d u|fdL0f e]usf
5'6sf] Joj:yf 5 . hgtfdf ;"rgfsf] kx'“r k'¥ofpg] p2]Zosf ;fy bfª ;"rgf tyf
;~rf/ ;xsf/L ;+ : yf lnld6] 8 bfª bfªåf/f ;~rflnt /] l 8of]
dWoklZrd (!=$ d]ufxh{ cfjfhxLgsf] cfjfh klZrd g]kfnsf]
t'?Gt ;Dks{ cfjfh
cfjfhdf k|To]s 306f tfhf va/;lxt ljljw lzIffk|b, ;Gb]zd"ns
/fVg'xf];\ Pj+ dgf]/~hgfTds sfo{qmdx¿ lgoldt ;'Gg gla;{gx' f]nf .
;Dks{ M
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?b|dl0f kGt– (*%&*@@)*(, sdn 8f“uL– (*%&*#)*%( ;lxb pd]zdfu{, 3f]/fxL bfª
nfndl0f zdf{– (*$!^^@#(&, g/axfb'/ clwsf/L– (*%&*#)*#@ kmf]g M )*@–%^!%(), %^)*%$
6+sZ] j/ ;'jb] L– (*$&*@$!^*, gf/fo0f s]=;L=– (*%&*#)!** ˆofS; M )*@–%^)(!^
 jif{ !@, c+s *, @)^^ kf}if @^ ut] cfOtaf/ lh=k|=sf=bf=b=g+= @)÷)%%–)%^, bf=lh=x'=b=g+= &÷)%%–)%^ *
/fli6«otfsf]====== ;xdltsf]====== o;k6s lx/fdl0f b'MvL
u0ftflGqs elnan k|ltof]lutf ;dfkg lblIft, Oltxf;ljb\ 8f= ;'/G] b| s];L, ;+ljwfg lgdf0f{sf] af6f]df cufl8
1fg]Gb| zdf{, /f]Nkf÷
kf÷u0ftflGqs v]ns'b dxf;+3 /f]Nkfsf] rf}yf] jflif{s
pT;j zlgaf/ ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . jflif{s pT;jsf] cj;/df cfof]lht elnan
rnlrq lgb]{zs o'j/fh nfdf,
cy{ljb\ tyf k"ju{ eg{/ bLk]Gb|axfb'/
a9fcf];\ eGg] 5 . ;+oGqn] of]
ck] I ff k" / f ug{ g;s] bnsf 5f]/L qmflGtsf] af6f] ;xh 5}g
lk|o 5f]/L Hof]lt,
k|ltof]utfsf] clGtd lbg zlgaf/ kmfOgn v]nx? ePsf lyP . k|ltof]lutfdf If]qL, hn;|f]tljb\ /Tg ;+;f/, g]tfx?dflyg} c;kmntfsf] 7"nf]
cfIf]k nfUg]5 . clxn]sf] h:t} ld7f] ;D´gf / cl;d Kof/ .
hnhnf o'jf Snj kf5fjfªsf] l6d k|yd, lxdr'nL o'jf Snj ;'lnrf}/sf] l6d clwsf/sdL{ 8f=/]0f' /fhe08f/L, ;j{k|yd ltd|f] hGdlbgsf] cj;/df jwfO{ tyf sfo{;kmntf / pQ/f]Q/
lålto, ;':dLtf o'jf Snj xl/ufpFsf] l6d t];f| ] / ;lxb :d[lt o'jf Snj /fª\;Lsf] ;Ldfljb\ a'l4gf/fo0f >]i7 / u|6] / ;xdltsf] nflu eg] / ul/g]
5nkmndf dfq of] ;+oGq ;Lldt k|ultsf] xflb{s z'esfdgf . ;fy} ltdLnfO{ hGd lbg] ltd|L cfdf b]jfnfO{ klg
l6dn] ;fGTjgf :yfg k|fKt u/]sf] lyof] . g]kfnsf kml0fGb| g]kfnn] /fli6«o awfO{ / z'esfdgf . cfh ltd|f] hGdlbg k/]sfn] o; cj;/df s]xL ljifodf
k|ltof]lutfdf k|yd x'gn
] fO{ ?=$) xhf/, låtLo x'gn] fO{ ?=#) xhf/, t[tLo :jfwLgtfsf nflu cfd g]kfnL Psh'6 eof] eg] o;af6 hgtfn] u/]sf]
cfzf, cfzfd} ;Lldt /xg] 5 / s'/fsfgL u/f}F eg]/ of] kq n]Vb} 5' .
x'gn] fO{ ?=@) xhf/ / ;fGTjgfnfO{ ?= !) xhf/ k'/:sf/ k|bfg ul/Psf] lyof] . x'gk' g]d{ f hf]8 lbg'ePsf] lyof] . g]kfndf hGdlbg dgfpg] k|so[ f b'Ok{ s | f/n] k|f/De eof] . Pp6f /fhf–dxf/fhfx¿n]
x]nf] df]afOn, lhlj; /f]Nkf / ljleGg JolQmx?n] k|ltof]lutfsf] k|fof]hg u/]sf xfQL cfof] xfQL cfof] km":;f
lyP . k|yd k'/:sf/sf nflu n'u+ L| df8L s[lif ;xsf/L ;+:yf /f]Nkf, låtLo sfnfkTy/===== h:t} x'g] 5 . ;'? u/] / kl5 To;nfO{ b/af/sf lk5nUu'x¿ / ef/bf/x¿n] lzsf] u/] . Tof] ;+:sf/
k'/:sf/sf nflu lgdf{0f Joj;foL ;+3 /f]Nkf, t[tLo k'/:sf/sf nflu ;lxb b]jL:d[lt ug'k{ g],{ jgdflysf] cltqmd0f cGTo,
xl/t /f]huf/L tyf jg pBdsf]
bfª ;'vt{] ===== qmdzM ;b}{ uP/ ufpFsf 7fn' / ;fdGtx¿sf] kl/jf/;Dd km}nbF } uof] . csf]{ g]kfndf
cª\uh ]| L ljifosf] k9fO{ lelqPkl5 To;};uF jy{ 8] dgfpg] sNr/ klg lelqof] . jf]l8{ª
s[lif ;xsf/L ;+:yf /f]Nkf / ;fGTjgf k'/:sf/sf nflu g]kfn /fli6"o sd{rf/L ;8sv08 sfnf]kq] ug{ cfjZos
dxf;+3 /f]Nkfn] k|fof]hg u/]sf lyP . kf}if @@ ut]bl] v ;'? ePsf] k|ltof]lutfdf k|aGw, jg cltqmd0f /f]Sg]nufotsf ah]6sf nflu ;DalGwt dGqfno,
:s'nx¿sf] lj:tf/;Fu} o;nfO{ klg Jofks ¿kdf lj:tf/ ul/of] . oL b'j} s'/f pTkLl8t,
u0ftflGqs v]ns'b dxf;+3sf ljleGg Onfsf, k|x/L, ljleGg Snjx? u/L @@ laifodf ;/sf/sf] Wofgfsif{0f u/fPsf] pk]lIft If]q / >dhLjL ju{sf hgtfnfO{ s'g} ;/f]sf/sf] ljifo ag]gg\ . pgLx¿nfO{ g
lhlj;, uflj; tyf ;DalGwt t hGdlbg dgfpg] k'm;{b g} x'G5 g t tfd´fd u/]/ cf8Da/ k|:t't ug]{ ;f}v /
j6f 6Ldn] ;xefuL hgfPsf lyP . ;dfkg ;df/f]xdf k|dv ' cltly PsLs[t 5 . ;fd'bflos jg tyf dxf;+3sf If]qsf ;ef;b\x?nfO{ ;xof]usf
g]skf dfcf]jfbLsf s]Gb|Lo ;b:o lbk]Gb| k'g …l;hnÚ, k|dv ' lhNnf clwsf/L OsfO{x?nfO{ cem a9L nf]stflGqs cfo>f]t x'G5 . of] t hgtfsf] >d / kl;gf r';/] wgk};f y'kf/]sf ;+ef| Gt ju{sf
agfpg] p2]Zon] dxf;+3n] cfkm\gf] nflu cg'/f]w ug]{ a}7sn] lg0f{o >drf]/x¿n] ug]{ cf8Da/L ;+:sf/ xf] . olt elg;s]kl5 ca c? w]/} s'/f ul//xg'
xl/k|;fb af:tf]nf, u0ftflGqs v]ns'b dxf;+3sf s]Gb|Lo cWoIf hoGb| rGb, u/]sf] 5 . dWoklZrdsf kxf8L
ljleGg /fhg}lts bn, ;+3;+:yfsf k|ltlglwx? kqsf/, v]nf8L / bz{sx?sf] ljwfg klg ;+zf]wg u/]sf] 5 . cfjZostf 5}g . To;}n] o;k6s d hGdlbgsf] cf}lrTo, cfjZostf / o;sf]
;+;f]lwt ljwfgcg';f/ dxf;+3sf] lhNNffsf] cfly{s åf/sf ?kdf pkfb]otfsf af/]df s]xL s'/f ulb{g . o; ljifodf d}n] ljutsf ltdLx¿sf hGdlbgsf]
;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] . lgdf{0f x'g] ;8s sfnf]kq]sf nflu
rf}yf] /fli6«o dxflwj]zg cfufdL cj;/df k|ofKt rrf{ ul/;s]sf] 5' . d oltv]/ cGo s]xL ;fdlos ljifodf dfq s'/f
nIdL artsf] ;fwf/0f ;ef h]7df ug]{ lg0f{o klg dxflwj]zgn]
u/]sf] 5 .
cfjZos /sd ljlgof]hgsf ug{
bfª, ;Nofg / ;'vt{] sf /fhgLlts
ug{ uO/x]sf] 5' . To;nfO{ ToxL ¿kdf a'‰g]5o\ f} eGg] dnfO{ k"0f{ ljZjf; 5 .
w]/n} ] hGdlbgsf] cj;/df awfO{ tyf z'esfdgf lbFbf hGdlbg kg]{ JolQmnfO{
3f]/fxL÷
fxL÷nIdL art tyf C0f ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf] bf];|f] aflif{s ;fwf/0f ;ef ;+zf]lwt ljwfgcg';f/ ca bnx?n] k|lta4tf JoQm u/]sf 5g\ . dfq lbg] u5{g\ . jf:tjdf of] s'/f Tolt pko'Qm xf] eGg] dnfO{ nfUb}g . lsgls
zlgjf/ 3f]/fxLdf ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . ;+:yfsf cWoIf ofbj zfxsf] cWoIftfdf dxf;+3sf] kfFr ljsf; If]qaf6 $) bfª pBf]u jfl0fHo ;+3sf cWoIf 5f]/f5f]/LnfO{ s;/L x'sf{pg] / s:tf] agfpg] eGg] s'/fdf cfdfsf] ljz]if / dxTjk"0f{
;DkGg sfo{qmddf ;fem]bf/L jrt tyf C0f ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf cWoIf s[i0fk|;fb hgf Pj+ blnt, hghflt, ckfË, rGb|/fh kGtsf] cWoIftfdf ;DkGg e"ldsf x'G5 . x/]s aRrfsf cfdfx¿n] b; dlxgf;Dd k]6df x'sf{P/ hGd lbPsf
uf}td, gd:t] jrt tyf C0f ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf ;lrj ;'jf; uf}td, g]kfn dw];L, t/fO{ If]q, lxdfnL If]q, a}7sn] bfª–;'vt{] hf]8g\ ] ;8snfO{ x'G5g\ . hGd lbPkl5 x'sf{pg], kfng–kf]if0f ug],{ ;'vb'Mvdf ;fy lbP/ arfpg],
kqsf/ dxf;+3sf ;lrj ;ljg lk|of;g, /fKtL jrt tyf C0f ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf s0f{fnL cfbL If]qaf6 #& u/L && j}slNks kxf8L dfu{sf] ?kdf kl/jf/ lrgfpg], efiff l;sfpg], kfl/jfl/s / ;fdflhs lzIff lbg], jftfj/0fLo r]tgf
t'N;L /fgfnufotn] z'esfdgf lbg'ePsf] lyof] . sfo{qmddf :f+:yfsf ;lrj ;b:oLo /fli6«o ;ldlt /xg]5 . ljsf; ug]{ klg lg0f{o u/]sf] 5 . lgdf{0f ul/lbg] klxnf] / dxTjk"0f{ JolQm eg]sf] cfdf g} xf] . cfˆgf hLjge/sf
jnb]j of]uLn] jflif{s k|ltj]bg / sf]iffWoIf pbo/fh kf]v|]nn] cfly{s k|ltj]bg cg]sf}F b'Mvsi6 / kL8fx¿nfO{ ljl;{P/ aRrfnfO{ g} cfˆgf] ;Dk"0f{ ;'Gb/ hLjg

:jtGq sd{rf/L ldng s]Gb| u7g lbg]jftfj/0f;DawL ;r]tgf sfo{qmd

k|:t't ug'{ePsf] lyof] . b]Vg] o:tf] dxTjk"0f{ kIfdf /x]sf] cfdf kfqnfO{ ;D´gf g} gul/sg s]jn hGd]sf]
aRrfnfO{ dfq hGdlbgsf] jwfO{ / z'esfdgf lbg] k|rng g} l7s 5}g . d}n] ltdL
3f]/fxL÷
fxL÷dfgj sNof0f tyf jftfj/0f ;+/If0f s]Gb| bfªsf] cfof]hgfdf # b'O{ jlxgLx¿sf] hGdlbg cfof] eg] ltd|L cfdfn] Joltt u/]sf lbgx¿nfO{
bfª÷ jftfj/0f;DjGwL ;r]tgf sfo{qmd zlgjf/b]lv 3f]/fxLdf z'? ePsf] 5 .
bfª÷lhNnfe/ ljleGg sfof{nodf sfo{/t sfof{no ;xof]uLx?sf] z'qmaf/ ´N´NtL ;D´g k'U5' . To;}n] ltdLx¿;Fu} ltdLx¿sL cfdfnfO{ klg jwfO{ lbg
3f]/fxLdf ;DkGg e]nfn] z]/axfvb'/ a:g]tsf] cWoIftfdf /fli6«o :jtGq wtL{n] vf]h]sf] 5 xfdLnfO{, Ps xf}+ hnjfo' kl/jt{glj?4 h'WgnfO{Ú
…wtL{ / z'esfdgf lbg clgjfo{ st{Jo ;D´G5' . w]/n } ] eGnfg of] t a9L efjgfsf] s'/f
sd{rf/L ldng s]Gb| lhNnf tby{ ;ldlt u7g u/]sf] 5 . ;ldltsf kbflwsf/Ldf eGg] gf/fsf ;fy z'? ePsf] sfo{qmddf ljZj jftfj/0f lbj;df tof/ kfl/Psf eof] . of] efjgfsf] s'/f dfq xf]Og, ljrf/ / b[li6sf]0fsf] s'/f klg xf] . x/]s
pkfWoIf lji0f'k|;fb vgfn, ;lrj 6]saxfb'/ a:g]t, sf]iffWoIf Clif/fh s];L, kmf]xf]/d}nf Joj:yfkg / jfo' k|b'if0fnufotsf ;fdu|Lx?af/] ;r]tgf km}nfpg] cfdfx¿ >[li6stf{ x'g\ . cfˆgf ;Gtfgx¿sf nflu cfdfx¿n] h]hlt e'Qmdfg /
;x;lrj uf]kfn/fh pkfWofo / ;b:ox? kfj{tf kf}8]n, kf]if0f/fh Gof}kfg], atfOPsf] 5 . ljleGg ljBfnodf ul7t k|s[lt Snasf kbflwsf/Lsf] ;xeflutf ;f:tL v]ks ] f x'G5g\ To;sf] s]xL c+z dfq klg afa'x¿n] ef]us ] f x'bF g} g\ . t;y{
lji0f'axfb'/ /fjt /xg'ePsf] 5 . ;+u7gn] sfof{no ;xfosx?sf] xs lxt / /x]sf] ;r]tgf sfo{qmddf s]Gb|sf ;+:yfks cWoIf >Ldg Gof}kfg] / ;lrj ef]nf cfdfnfO{ g;D´g] lrGtg eg]sf] k'?ifk|wfg ;dfhsf] pTkL8gsf/L ;fdGtjfbL
clwsf/sf nflu ;+3if{ ub}{ cufl8 a9\g] ;lrj 6]saxfb'/ a:g]tn] atfpg'eof] . clwsf/Ln] k|lzIf0f lbO/xg'ePsf] 5 . lrGtg klg xf] . of] lrGtgnfO{ gx6fP;Dd jf:tjdf s'g} klg cfdfx¿n] of]
;'af]w /]UdLsf] :jfut dGtJoaf6 z'? ePsf] ;r]tgf sfo{qmd pb\3f6gdf ;dfhdf ;Ddfg kfpg klg ;Sb}gg\ .
o'/f]nf]lhi6 8fS6/ bfªsf] kNnjL cf}ifwfnodf Û cGgk"0f{ cfjfzLo dflj, l;4fy{ Ps]8d] L, hgHof]lt ljBfdlGb/ / lbklzvf cfjfzLo lk|o 5f]/L Û cfˆgf ;Gtfgsf lglDt afa'sf] eGbf cfdfsf] e"ldsf w]/} x'G5 eGg]
pdfljsf ljBfyL{x? ;xefuL /x]sf 5g\ . s'/f t d}n] dfly g} rrf{ ul/;s]F . oBlk s'g} klg afa'n] cfˆgf ;Gtfgsf af/]df
oxL df3 @ ut] zlgaf/sf lbg kNnjL cf}ifwfno t'n;Lk'/ rf]s
3f]/fxL bfªdf b]jbx d]l8sn sn]hdf sfo{/t o'/f]nf]lhi6 8f8f=;~hos'
=;~hos'df/ e"ldut hn;|ft] ljsf; ;ldlt lrGtf gug]{ sf]xL klg x'bF g} . t/, klg p;sf] e"ldsf cfdfsf] t'ngfdf sd g} x'G5 .
aRrfnfO{ ue{df /fv]/ x'sf{pg], d[To'sf] ;fdgf u/]/ hGd lbg], b"w r';fP/ k|f0f
-PdaLaLP;, PdP;, :k]zn o'/f] ;h{g_ cfpg] x'Fbf lk;fa kf]Ng], zfvf sfof{no ndxL, bfª arfOlbg] / z/L/sf] j[l4 u/fOlbg], lbzflk;fj :ofxf/]/ :j:y agfOlbg] s'/f cfdfsf
lk;fa l5g–l5gdf cfpg], lk;fa ubf{ b'Vg], lk;fa kx]nf] x'g], lk;fa
wldnf] x'g], lk;fadf /ut cfpg], lk;fa r'lxg], lk;fa glglv|+Psf]h:tf] x'g],
l;naGbL b/efpkq cfXjfgsf] ;"rgf Û dfq gLlh e"ldsf h:t} x'g\ . h;nfO{ k|sl[ tn] g} ljz]if lhDd]jf/L lbPsf] 5 . c?
jfXo e"ldsf / 7"nf] eO;s]kl5sf ;fdflhs bfloTjleqsf sfo{x¿df dfq afa'sf]
d[uf}nf, lk;fa y}nLdf ePsf] kTy/Lsf] lagf lr/kmf/ pkrf/ ;]jf, lkQy}nLsf] ;"rgf k|sfzg ldlt M @)^^ k'; @^ e"ldsf b]vf kb{5 . hxfF;Dd ltdLx¿sf] s'/f 5, To;df t jfXo sfo{x¿sf] e"ldsf
kTy/Lsf] b"/aLgåf/f pkrf/, Nofk|]:sf]kL ;h{/Låf/f pkrf/, PSsf;L k]6 o; sfof{nosf] e"ldut :ofnf] 6\oj' j]n l;+rfO{ cfof]hgf s[ifs ;xof]uL klg ltd|L cfdfn] g} lgefOg\ . d}n] t ltdLx¿sf lglDt vf; / pNn]Vo ¿kn] s]xL
b'Vg], sf]vf b'Vg], 9f8 b'Vg] ;d:ofsf] pkrf/ tyf lk;fa / kTy/L;DaGwL sfo{cGtu{tsf lgDg sfo{x?sf] nflu l;naGbL b/efpkqx? cfXjfg ul/Psf] 5 . klg ug{ ;s]g . To;}n] ltdLx¿sf] hLjgdf cfdfsf] e"ldsf lgs} dfly 5 . d]/f]
k'/fgf]eGbf k'/fgf] ;d:of ePsf la/fdLx?n] clu|d gfd btf{ u/fpg' != b/efpkqx? g]kfn ;/sf/af6 Ohfhtk|fKt lgdf{0f Joj;foLx? jf lghsf] OR5f / rfxgf eP klg Toltj]nfsf] kl/l:yltn] ubf{ ltdLx¿sf lglDt s'gk} lg
xf]nf . 6]lnkmf]gaf6 klg gfd btf{ u/fOG5 . cGo lbg jLPn tfdfªåf/f cflwsfl/s k|ltlglwx?n] b/efpkq b:t'/ ?=#)).)) -lkmtf{ gx'g_] lt/L cWofjlws bfloTj lgefpg ;lsg . xfdL Pp6f dxfg\ sfo{df lyof}F . hf] ltdLnfO{ klg yfxf
lgoldt r]s hfFr ul/g] ;xif{ hfgsf/L u/fpF5f}+ . Ohfhtkq, :yfoL n]vf gDa/ / e"=c= s/ btf{ k|df0fkq / cfos/ r'Qmf ePs} s'/f xf] . xfd|f] h:tf] cfly{s cj:yf / ;fdflhs kl/j]z ePsfx¿n] ltd|f]
xfd|f ;]jfx? M k|df0fkq ;/sf/L sfof{no jf ;+:yfdf ljB'tLs/0f sfo{ u/]sf] cg'ejsf] pd]/sf ltd|f bf}tF /Lx¿af6 lgs} 7"nf]7n " f] JolQmut hLjgsf ;'v;on / df]hdhfsf]
lel8of] PS;/] cTofw'lgs Kofyf]nf]hL ;]jf l;:6f]:sf]kL ;]jf k|df0fkqsf k|dfl0ft k|ltlnkLx? / vl/b sfaf{xLdf efu lng cof]Uo gePsf] hLjg Joltt ug]{ ;kgf b]vs ] f 5g\ xf]nf . /, pgLx¿n] cfˆgf ;Gtfgsf nflu
k|:tfljt vl/b sfaf{xLdf cfk\mgf] :jfy{ gaflemPsf] / ;DalGwt k]zf jf Joj;fo JolQmut hLjgsf dL7f–dL7f ;kgf k"/f u/fOlbg w]/} ldlxg]t klg ul//x]sf 5g\ . t/,
aL=Pn= tfdfª ;DaGwL s;'/df cfkm"n] ;hfo gkfPsf] egL lnlvt ?kdf saf]n u/L of] ;"rgf d}n] cfˆgf ;Gtfgsf] dfq geP/ >d u/]/ vfg], tNnf] ju{, hflt, If]q, lnª\u /
kNnjL cf}ifwfno k|sflzt ePsf] ldltn] !% -kGw|_cf}+ lbg;Dd sfof{no ;doleq e"ldut hn;|ft] ;d'bfosf tdfd afnaRrfx¿sf] eljZo lgdf{0f ug]{ cleofgdf nfu]sf] x'gfn]
t'n;Lk'/ rf]s 3f]/fxL bfª kmf]g g+=+ )*@–%^!^*#,df]jfO{n g+= (*$&*$&%@% ljsf; ;ldlt zfvf sfof{no ndxL bfªaf6 k|fKt ug{ ;lsg]5 . ltdLx¿sf lglDt s]xL ug{ ;Sg] kl/l:ylt ag]g .
@= sfof{non] dfu u/]sf] cj:yfdf o;df k|of]u x'g] d'Vo–d'Vo lgdf{0f Pp6f cfdfn] dfq ug'k{ g]{ bfloTj / clgjfo{ lgod leqsf sfo{ t ltd|L
v';Lsf] va/ Û v';Lsf] va/ ÛÛ ;fdu|Lx?sf] 6]:6 ;l6{lkms]6 pknAw u/fpg'kg]{5 . / ;Dk"0f{ sfo{x?sf] cfdfn] ltdLx¿sf nflu st{Jo lgefOg\ g} . pgn] t d}n] ug'k{ g]{ sfo{ klg
u'0f:t/ g]kfn ljB't k|flws/0fsf] dfkb08cg';f/ ;DkGg ug'{kg]{5 . ul/g\ . ltdLx¿nfO{ klg cf}krfl/s lzIff w]/} lbnfP/ eljZosf] af6f] ;/n /
o; ofldgf c6f] js{;k tyf gjb'uf{ c6f]kf6{;n] ljut bz jif{b]lv #= b/efpkq of] ;"rgf k|sflzt ePsf] ldltn] !^ -;f]x_}| lbg lbgsf] !@ M ))
tkfO{x?sf] ;]jf ub}{ cfO/x]sf] 5 . cab]lv gofF 9+un] df]6/;fOsn dd{t ;xh agfOlbg ;lsGYof] xf]nf g} . To;sf nflu slDtdf ltd|L cfdf 3/d} a:g'
ah];Dddf e"ldut hn;|ft] ljsf; ;ldlt zfvf sfof{no ndxL bfªdf btf{ kYof]{ / JolQmut hLjgsf dfldnfx¿df ;xefuL aGg' kYof]{ . t/, d}n] kl/jf/af6
ug]{, Ol~hg dd{t ug]{, Water service, Home sarvice sf] Joj:yf u/fO;Sg'kg]5{ . btf{ x'g cfPsf l;naGbL b/efpkqx? ;f]xL lbgsf] @ M ))
ug'{sf ;fy} df]6/;fOsnsf x/]s kf6{;x? ;'ky d"Nodf pknAw u/fOG5 . ;/sf/L ´f/f jf j]uf/L h:tf] 3/sf] Pshgfn] dfq /fhgLlt ug]{ ;+:sf/nfO{ tf]8/]
ah] b/efpkqbftfx? jf lghsf] cflwsfl/s k|ltlglwx?sf] /f]xa/df vf]lng]5 . kl/jf/sf ;a} ;b:ox¿n] /fhgLlt ug]{ jftfj/0fdf ;dlk{t ug'{ cfˆgf] st{Jo
Psk6s k|f]=k|]d l8;L tf]lsPsf] ;dodf lghx? pkl:yt gePdf klg b/efpkq vf]Ng afwf kg]5{ g} . 7fg] . h;n] ubf{ hgo'4sf] dWoefudf cfOk'Ubf ltd|L cfdf;Fu} ltdL klg
;]jf ug]{ ofldgf c6f] js{;k $= b/efpkqx? vl/b ug]{ clGtd lbg jf btf{ ug]{ lbg ;fj{hlgs labf kg{
uPdf ;f] sf] nuQ} sfof{no v'Ng] lbg pk/f]Qm cg';f/sf] sfo{ x'g]5 .
hgo'4df ;fd]n eof} . hgo'4df nfUbf cfˆgf] JolQmut hLjg / eljZosf]
df}sf t'n;Lk'/–% k'/fgf] a;kfs{, bfª af/]df ltdLn] ;f]Rg ;Sg] t ePsL lyOgf} tf klg d]/f] cfu|xnfO{ ltdLn] ;xif{
lbg'xf];\ . kmf]g )*@–%@@%#@, df]= (*$&*^^)$% %= b/efpkqbftfn] w/f}6L /sd -ch]G{ 6 dgL_ g]kfn a}s + lnld6]8 3f]/fxL bfªl:yt :jLsf/ u¥of} . d]/f] cfu|xnfO{ ltdL / ltd|L cfdf b'jn } ] a]lxrs :jLsf/ ug'n { fO{
o; sfof{nosf] lx=g+= @&÷%!÷#^^# gub /sd hDdf u/]sf] ;Ssn a}s + ef}r/ d}n] d]/f] kl/jf/df /fhgLlts/0f ug]{ ljifodf cfk"m ;kmn ePsf] 7fg] .
jf dfGotfk|fKt a}s + af6 hf/L u/]sf] b/efpkq k]z ug]{ clGtd ldltaf6 u0fgf 5f]/L Hof]lt Û kl/jf/nfO{ /fhgLlts/0f gug]{ ;d:of xfd|f] cfGbf]ngdf w]/} 5 .
/fKtLdf l/6\h u|k
' x'g] u/L slDtdf () lbg Dofb /x]sf] lj8a08 k]z ug'k{ g]5{ . ul/xfn] klg cfˆgf] kl5 nufpg] / k/lge{/ u/fpg] rng 5 . cfkm};uF lxF8g\ n ' fO{ g}
ca /fKtL c~rndf Nofk6k–sDKo'6/, competitive Rate df ^= b//]6 ebf{ d"No clej[l4s/ afx]ssf] dfq b//]6 c+s / cIf/df :ki6 /fhgLltdf 7"nf] nufgL 7fGg] / pgLx¿sf] ;fdfGo x}l;otn] gwfGg] x}l;otsf] ku/L
IT sf ;k\m6j]o/x? / sf/x? ;:tf] d"Nodf kfOG5 . a'lemg] u/L eg'{kg]{5 . c+s / cIf/df km/s kg{ uPdf jf s]/d]6 ePdf u'yfpg] ;d:of klg xfdLleq obfsbf x'sg{ ] / ufFh xfNg] sf]lz; ug{ vf]H5 . af]Sg}
A) Laptop : HP, Dell, Acer, Sony, MSI, HCL, Zeal cIf/df pNn]lvt b/nfO{ dfGotf lbOg]5 . g;Sg] ku/L u'yfOlbg] / To;}df dVv kg]{ k|jl[ Q a9\of] eg] To;n] qmflGtnfO{ kmfObf
&= pNn]lvt sfo{x? sfof{no / hnpkef]Qmf ;ldlt;Fusf] ;Demf}tf / pgLx?n]
cjlw M # b]lv % lbgdf Computer Institute ug'{kg]{ sfo{sf] k|ultsf] cfwf/df sfof{b]z lbOg]5 .
k'¥ofpFbg} . o:tf] ;+:sf/ / ;+:s[lt eg]sf] klg ;fdGtjfbL ;+:s[lt g} xf] . o;af/]df
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Ritz Computers, Khaira Dang *= l/t gk'u]sf], Dofb gf3L k|fKt x'g cfPsf] / s'g} ;t{;lxtsf] b/efpkq pk/ cfGbf]ngdf nfu]/ 7"n7"nf of]ubfg ug]x{ ¿sf] klg pNn]Vo ;ª\Vof /Xof] . Pp6}
Chevrolet, Maruti etc.
s'g} sfaf{xL ul/g] 5}g . kl/jf/af6 w]/n } ] ;xfbt k|fKt ug]x{ ¿sf] ;ª\Vof klg sd 5}g . tL ;a} 36gfqmdx¿
C) Project for typing (Thesis Typing) NGO–Government &
(= b/efpkq cf+lzs jf k"/} l:js[lt ug]{ jf gug]{ clwsf/ sfof{nodf ;'/lIft /xg]5 . xfd|f] cfGbf]ngsf 7"nf pknAwLx¿ / cfbz{x¿ x'g\ . h:n] xfdLnfO{ phf{ k|bfg ug]{
Private all functions
Laxman sagar (shah) !)= o;df pNn]lvt sfo{x? cf=a=@)^^÷)^& sf] nflu :jLs[t ah]6af6 sfd ub{5 . qmflGtdf xfdLn] k]/| 0ff lng] To:t} pbfx/0fLo kIfaf6 xf] .
Tel : 082-694464
Director ;DkGg ug'{kg]{ ePsf]n] sfddf l9nf;':tL eO{ o;sf] cfly{s bfloTj csf]{ clxn] /fhgLlts 36gfqmdn] sf]N6] km]/s ] f] 5 . xfd|f ;kgfx¿ st} w'ldn
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Ritz Group Ghorahi cfly{s aif{df ;g{ uO{ 5'§} ah]6 Joj:yf ug'{kg]{ sf/0fn] e'QmfgLdf s7LgfO{ x'G5g\ ls eGg] cfzª\sf b]vfkg{ vf]H5 . qmflGtsf] af6f] Tolt ;xh 5}g .
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pTkGg x'g uPdf sfof{no o;sf] lhDd]jf/ x'g] 5}g . olxj]nf b'Zdg klg xfdLleq 3';/] b/f/ k}bf ug{ vf]Hb} 5 eg] xfdLleq} klg s]xL
t'?Gt cfjZostf ÛÛÛ !!= o;df n]lvPsf afx]s cGo s'/fx? k|rlnt lgod sfg"g tyf ;fj{hlgs
vl/b P]g lgodfjnL adf]lhd x'g]5 . o;af/] cGo hfgsf/L cfjZos eP
;Qfsf] u'lnof] rf:gLn] nk]6g\ vf]Hb} 5 . ;+u7g, kf6L{ / hgtfnfO{ s]Gb|
b'aO{sf] …On]S6«f] d]sflgsnÚ sDkgLaf6 lgDg sfdbf/x?sf] agfpg]eGbf cfk"mnfO{ s]Gb| agfP/ kb, k|lti7f vf]Hg] k|jl[ Q x'sg{ vf]Hb} 5 . oxL
e"ldut hn;|f]t ljsf; ;ldlt zfvf sfof{no ndxL bfªdf sfof{no xf] ;+;f]wgjfb . ;Qf k|flKtsf] glhs k'Ubf o:tf k|jl[ Qx¿ c´ w]/} a9\b} hfG5g\ .
dfu eOcfPsf] x'gfn] hfg rfxg] OR5's JolQmn] cfk\mgf] ;dodf jf kmf]g g+= )*@–%$)))$ df ;Dks{ u/L k|fKt ug{ ;lsg]5 .
cfjZos sfuhft;lxt t'?Gt ;Dks{ /fVg'xf]nf . xfdL qmflGts} csf]{ k|so[ fdf 5f}F . qmflGt k"/f ePsf] 5}g eGg] s'/f ;a}nfO{ yfxf
l;=g+= 7]Ssf g+= sfo{ ljj/0f :yfg n=O{= c+s, d'=c= w/f}6L ePsf] s'/f xf] . xfdL oltj]nf kfl/jfl/s hLjgaf6 dfly p7]sf 5f}F . To;}n]
qm=;+= kb dfu ;+Vof tnj s/ / slG6h]G;L /sd ?= ljutdf h]h;/L qmflGtsf] cUgLofqfdf xf]ldP klg ca To;nfO{ k"/f ug]{ ljifodf
!= ;xfos On]lS6«l;og @) ^)) b]lv ()) afx]s ?= xfdL ;j}n] lrGtg dgg\ ug'k{ g]{ cfjZostf a9]sf] 5 . o; ljifodf ltdLx¿n]
@= ;xfos knDa/ @) ^)) b]lv ()) != !$÷)^^÷^& ljB'tLs/0f s / L { , a f u ] Z j / L / &,*#,))#.^@ sa'n klg ;f]Rg] 5f} eGg] s'/f /fVb} clxn] nfO{ oltd} kqsf] aL6 dfg{ rfxG5' .
sfd ug{'kg]{ ;do lbgsf] * 306f . -xKtfsf] ^ lbg_ l ; h { g z L n , STW /sdsf] ltdLnfO{ dfof ug]{ a'af b'MvL )^^ k'; @@, 3f]/fxL, bfª
a:gsf] Joj:yf 5 . vfgsf] Joj:yf 5}g . sn:6/, ;tal/of–# @=%%
zf/Ll/s ?kn] :j:y / s8f d]xgtL x'g'k5{ . hgsk'/ kmrsk'/ bfp/f rflxof] eg] xfdL 5“b5
} f}+ .
sDtLdf klg b'O{ jif{sf] sfdsf] cg'ej ePsf]nfO{ ljz]if u|fXotf lbOg]5 . @= !%÷)^^÷^& ljB'tLs/0f lji0f' / s}nfz STW $,**,($#.)& sa'n xfdLsxf“ uf]lnof sf7, l:6k bfp/f ;'ky d"Nodf kfOg'sf ;fy} u|fxs
sn:6/, ;tal/of–# /sdsf]
dfly pNn]lvt kbsf] nflu cGtjf{tf{ wdfwd eO/x]sf] 5 prflgDa'
ju{n] vl/b ug]{ %) So"lkm6eGbf dflysf] lr/fg / b'O;{ o s]hLeGbf a9Lsf]
@=%%
cfk\mgf] l;6 ;dod} ;'/lIft /fVg'xf];\ . #= !^÷)^^÷^& ljB'tLs/0f s l ; o f k ' / , STW #,)@,%^&.!% sa'n
l:6k bfp/f rfx]df %) k|ltzt ef8fdf 5'6;lxt ljqmL eO/x]sf] 5 .
;Dks{ M sn:6/ r} n fxL–$ /sdsf]
k|f=] lnnfw/ s];L
b l/e/ cf]e/;Lh k|f=ln= sl;ofk'/ @=%% dfpG6 Pe/]i6 sfi7 pBf]u
zfvf sfof{no 3f]/fxL,bfª ;lxbu]6 cufl8 kmf]g M )*@–%^@%*^ –sfof{no k|d'v t'n;Lk'/–( bf]3/], bfª kmf]g (*%&*@)!&%