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ul/;s]sf 5g\ eg] dw]zjfbLx?
klg Ps7fpF a;]/ cj;/ kfPdf
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lbgx? lalt/x]sf 5g\ . sfFu; ]| c?
c;kmn ca cfk\mgf] kfnf] eg]/
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dfcf]jfbL ax'dtLoleqaf6 klg
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c;'/Iff a9]kl5 k|x/L / /fli6«o lgs'~hsf af/]df 5nkmn
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bnsf] gftfn] cfkm\gf] bnnfO{
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a;]sf] kf6L{sf] :yfoL ;ldtLsf] a}7sn] cWoIf k|r08sf] ljsNk v'Nnf Pdfn] stf kms]{/ lg0f{o u5{ ljifodf sf+u|]; kf6L{ sfof{no ;xdltsf] ;/sf/ agfpg]
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5}g . o;cl3sf] kf]lnAo"/f] a}7sn] ;xdltsf] /fli6«o ;/sf/sf] g]tT[ j cj:yfsf] lgSof}{n x'G5 . aLrsf] 5nkmndf sf+u; ]| n] /fv]sf] hfgsf/L kqsf/x?nfO{ u/fpg'
dfcf]jfbLn] ug{] lg0f{o u/]sf] lyof] . …zflGt / ;+ljwfgsf] ;'lglZrttfsf o;/L x]bf{ klxnf] kl/b[Zodf k|:tfj dfcf]jfbLn] c:jLsf/ u/]sf] ePsf] lyof] . a} 7 sdf
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hf];s ' n
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?kdf kf6L{leq pkfWoIf 8f=afa'/fd e§/fO{ nufot cGo g]tfx?sf] aGg] ;+Defjgf a9]/ uPsf] 5 . dfGotf cg';f/ /xg] 5nkmnsf gf/fo0fsfhL >]i7sf] ;xeflutf
gfd rrf{df cfpg] u/]sf] 5 . kf6L{ g]tT[ jdf ;/sf/ u7gsf nflu ;a} Pdfn] / dfcf]jfbL ;lDdlnt of] cj;/df atfPsf] lyof] . /x]sf] lyof] eg] sf+u|];af6 ;'zLn
bnx?;Fu 5nkmn cl3 a9fpg] lg0f{o klg :yfoL ;ldtLsf] a}7sn] df]rf{ g} hgtfsf Ph]08fnfO{ k"/f a}7sdf o;cl3 b'a} bnn] sf] O /fnf, /fdrGb| kf} 8 ] n ,
lnPsf] hfgsf/L k|jQmf zdf{ lbg'eof] . dfcf]jfbLn] ;xdtLo ;/sf/sf] ug{ pko'Qm / k|fs[lts x'g] 5 . /fv]sf cjwf/0ff dfly 5nkmn ljdn]Gb| lglw, s[i0fk|;fb l;6f}nf
k|of; c;Dej eP ax'dtLo cfwf/df ;d]t ;/sf/ lgdf{0fsf] k|of; xf] O g sfF u | ] ; / Pdfn] n ] ePsf] dfcf]jfbL cWoIf k|r08n] n u f o t s f –af“sL * k]hdf
ug]{ ePsf] 5 . g]kfnL sfFu; ]| n] n8fs' ;dfof]hgsf] ;+Vof Ps ;ftfleq dfcf]jfbLsf] g]t[Tjdf ;xdltsf]
tf]s/] rf/ dlxgfleq ;dfof]hg tyf k'gMyf{kgfsf ;Dk"0f{sfd ;Sg]u/L
z'qmaf/ ;fj{hlgs u/]sf] sfo{tflnsfnfO{ dfcf]jfbLn] –af“sL * k]hdf
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vQd kfg{ tuf/f] xfnL d'ns ' nfO{ jfdkGyLx?sf] df]rf{nfO{ alnof] d'n'snfO{ /;ftndf 8'afpg] eGbf
h'g c;xdltsf] af6f] lx8fpg agfpg rfx] s f] 5 . ax' d tLo csf]{ v]n s]xL x'g] b]lvb}g . o;f] z bf] 0 f{ s] ; L÷bfª cg' d flgt gLlt tyf
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hgfb]zsf] sb/ gubf{ g} d'ns ' eGg] s'/f clxn]sf] sfFu|];, Pdfn] cv8f aGg]5 . o;f] gxf];\ cem} 5 . kl/ifb\n] gu/If]qsf] ljsf;nfO{ gu/kflnsfleqsf] ;8s, ljB't,
clg0f{osf] aGbL aGb} cfO/x]sf] 5 . ;lDdlnt ;/sf/n] k|dfl0ft u/]/ bnx?n] cfu| x ljgf d' n ' s sf] dWogh/ u/L cfly{s jif{ )^&÷^* lzIff, :jf:Yo, v]ns'b / ko{6gn
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blIf0fkGyL u7aGwgnfO{ alnof] xf] eg] b'OltxfO{ ax'dtsf nflu hfpg\, dfG5] lsga]rsf] kmf]x/L ljlgof]hg u/]sf] 5 . ljlgof]lht cflbjf;L hghflt, blnt, Psn
agfO{ dfcf]jfbLnfO{ lgif]w ug{ afdkGyL zlQmx? ldNg'kg]{ x'G5 . v]ndf gnflu ;xdltdf k'u'g\ ah]6df k|zf;gtkm{ ! s/f]8 # nfv dlxnf, d' l :nd, ckfË tyf
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jif{sf] nflu ah]6 k|:t't ug'e{ Psf]
clws[ t nf] s axfb' / ;' g f/sf]
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kf]zfsdf u:tL ug{ yfn]sf] O{nfsf
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hfgsf/L lbg'eof] .
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5g\ . O{nfsf k|x/L sfof{no sfFqmLsf]
kxndf ePsf] e]nfdf :yfgLo
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gful/s ;dfhsf k|ltlglw tyf
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k|x/L 3fOt] ePsf 5g\ . vfg]kfgLsf]
ljjfb ldnfpg uPsf] k|x/L 6f]nLn]
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:jLsf/ gu/]kl5 ljjfb x'bF f em8k
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afF s ] /fli6« o lgs' ~ h ;+ / If0f
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gu/L kmls{Psf] xf] .
lgs'~h 3f]if0ffsf] lg0f{o;Fu}
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cfof] h gf u/] s f] sfo{ q mddf
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ljleGg ;+3;+:yfx?af6 cfly{s (Labbellers Printing Machine
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of] ;xsf/Ln] ;fljt ul/lbPsf] DEALS in:-
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E-mail : naulojanaubhar@gmail.com
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km:g k'us ] f] 5 . d'ns ' sf] cfjZostfcg';f/ bnx?n] ;xdlt
h'6fpg g;s]kl5 k|so[ fut?kd} b]zsf] /fhgLlt ax'dtLo k|0ffnLlt/
9lNsg k'us ] f] 5 . ;fpg % ut] x'g] k|wfgdGqLsf] lgjf{rgdf cf–
cfk\mgf] kIfdf dt tfGg bnx? ;efifb\ lsga]rsf] kmf]x/L v]ndf
nfUg yfln/x]sf] a]nf hgtfnfO{ eg] b]z aaf{bLsf] vf8ndf kg]{
lrGtfn] ;tfpg yfn]sf] 5 .
b]zsf] k|dv ' sfo{ef/ k"/f ug{sf nflu ;xdlt / ;xsfo{sf]
lgljsNk cfjZostfnfO{ tf]8/] ;+;bjfbL bnx? lsg ax'dt k'¥ofpg]
v]ndf xf}l;Psf 5g\ < of] s'/f hgtfn] a'e\mg cfjZos 5 .
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lsgf/f nufpg] /fhgLlts cfu|xg} ;xdlt gh'6\gs ' f] k|dv
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lgisif{df k'U5, b]zsf] cu|ufdL kl/jt{gsf] Ph]08f klg dfcf]jfbLsf]
ePsfn] p;sf] xftdf ;Qf hfG5 / cfkm\gf] 5n5fdsf] /fhgLlt
l;l4G5 eGg] eo pgLx?df 5 . /fHosf] k'g;{/+ rgf / cu|ufdL
kl/jt{gsf] kIfdf !@ a'“b] ;xdltdf x:tfIf/ u/]sf tL bnx? clxn]
dfcf]jfbLnfO{ lgif]w u/]/ cfkm\gf] oyfl:yltjfbL clei6 k"/fug{
blIf0fkGyL u7aGwg sfod ug{ k'us ] f 5g\ . dfcf]jfbLnfO{ kfvf
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blIf0fkGyLx?n] ul//x]sf 5g\ . sfFu; |] n] g]t[Tj ug{ vf]lh/x]sf] Tof]
u7aGwgnfO{ ;3fpg km]l/ klg ef/t ;lqmo ?kn] nflu/x]sf] 5 .
d"No / dfGotfsf] /fhgLlt 5f8]/ b'/fu|x / lgif]wsf] /fhgLlt ug{
yfNbf hgdtsf] sb/eGbf ;+ljwfg;ef lgjf{rgsf] ckdfg a9L
ePsf] 5 . k|dv ' bnnfO{ kª\u' agfP/ lkmi6] bnx?sf] r'/Lkm'/L
a9\gd' f ef/tLo k|ex" ?sf] xft /x]sf] s'/f sxL st} l5k]sf] 5}g .
ef/tLo lgufxfdf aGg] clxn]sf] u7aGwg klg ck|fs[lts / hgrfxgf
ljk/Lt 5 .
clxn] h;/L sfFu; |] / Pdfn]n] dfcf]jfbLnfO{ lsgf/f nufP/
ax'dtsf] ;+Vof k'¥ofpglt/ nfUb}5g\ . To;n] ;d:ofsf] ;dfwfg
lgsfNb}g a? emg\ c;demf/Lsf] b'/LnfO{ a9fpFb} n}hfGf] lglZrt
5 . dfcf]jfbLsf] g]t[TjbfoL e"ldsf ljgf g b]z cl3 a9\g ;S5 g
;+ljwfgg} aGg ;S5 . of] oyf{t lj;]s { f ;+;bjfbL bnx?n]
;+ljwfg agfpg]lt/ eGbf dfcf]jfbLnfO{ PSNofP/ lgld6\ofGg kfg{]
/fhgLlts v]nlt/ nflu/x]sf 5g\ . dfcf]jfbLnfO{ aflx/ /fv]/
;Qf c7\ofpg vf]hs ] f oL blIf0fkGyL u7aGwg bnx?n] r}qdf
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lj/f]wdf dfcf]jfbL cfP bdg u/]/ hfg] tof/L;lxt cl3 a9\g
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c:jLsf/ ug'{ / cfkm"n] klg ;xdltdf hfg] :ki6 vfsf k|:t't ug{
g;Sg'n] sfFu; |] / Pdfn] dfcf]jfbLnfO{ PSNofP/ ax'dtsf] v]naf6
clwgfosjfbsf] cEof;lt/ hfFb5 } g\ eGg] s'/f k|i6 x'G5 .
b]z / hgtfk|lt pQ/bfoL x'g] xf] eg] cem} klg bnx?n] ;f]Rg]
/ ;sf/fTds lg0f{o lng] ;do lalt;s]sf] 5}g . dfcf]jfbLsf]
;xdlt ljgf b'O{ ltxfO{ ax'dtsf] ;/sf/ aGb}g . Tof] geOsg b]zn]
cu|ufdL lgsf; kfpFbg} . ax'dtlt/ uPklg dfcf]jfbL, Pdfn] /
dw];jfbL bnsf] u7aGwgdf ;/sf/ aGg'n] g} hgtfsf] ;+ljwfg aGg]
lglZrttf a9\5 . hgtfsf] eljio ;f]Rg] ls u'6ut :jfy{df
blIf0fkGyLx?sf] lk5nUu' aGg] eGg] s'/f Pdfn]n] lg0f{o lng'kg]{ a]nf
cfPsf] 5 . ;+ljwfg agfpgsf nflu b'O{ ltxfO{ ax'dt k'¥ofpglt/
gnflu ;Qfsf] s';L{ ;dfpg] ax'dtsf] kmf]x/L v]ndf dfcf]jfbL
nfUg plrt 5}g . Tof] eGbf k|ltkIfdf a:g' p;sf nflu w]/} >]os/
5 . cem} klg hgtf rfxG5g\ bnx? ax'dtsf] kmf]x/L v]ndf gnflu
hgtfsf] dtsf] sb/ ub{} ;xdltsf ;fy ;+ljwfg n]Vg] u/L cl3
a9'g\ . Tof] ;+Defjgf Go'g aGb} lgif]wsf] /fhgLlt cl3 a9\b} hfg
yfn]kl5 b]zsf] eljio klg cGof}ntfdf kb}{ hfg yfn]sf] 5 .
;xdltsf] ;do;Ldfsf] cGTo eO;s]kl5 ca hgtfnfO{ ax'dtsf]
k|wfgdGqL sf] aG5 eGg] rf;f] eGbf cl:Yf/tf / c/fhstfn]
b]znfO{ s'g b'36{ gflt/ n}hfg] xf] eGg] lrGtf ylklbPsf] 5 . of]
cj:yfdf dfcf]jfbLn] qmflGt of ;'wf/sf] s'g af6f] lnG5 To;n] g}
b]zsf] /fhgLltnfO{ k|efj kfg]{ 5 .
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5 . pgLx?sf] ;/sf/ aG5 km]l/ . cem dfwj g]kfns} g]t[Tjsf] ;/sf/sf]
lx;fan] rf}k6 ePsf] 5 . dfcf]jfbLn] p7fPsf] hgtfsf] ;r]t x:tIf]ksf]
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hgtfsf] ;+ljwfg lgdf{0fsf] Ps ;'qLo
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l36l36Ldf 5 . hgtfsf o' 4 /
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d'n sfg'gsf] ?kdf tof/ ug{ w]/} afFsL
5 . ;do rf}k6 kfl/Psf] 5 . 3/3/df
snx 5 . Ps cfk;df s':tfs':tL rn]sf]
5 . k/sf] s'/f t 5f]8f}+, 3/sfn] ;Dd
;~rf] dgn] ul/vfg kfO/x]sf 5}gg\ .
ljb]zLx?sf] kf}7]hf]8L rn]sf] 5 . 5 ;o
Ps ljwfosx? ;]tf xfQLx?sf] ?kdf
lrlqt eO/x]sf 5g\ . …;fx'hL, lrof
kfOG5 <Ú …===:k]zn agfpm ls ;fbf <Ú
…===lkof] / g} 5 lg <Ú …===kf8f] eP/
hGdg'k5{ .Ú
;a} s f cf–cfkm\ g f dtx? 5g\ .
hgtfsf cfkm\gf cledtx? 5g\ . ;a}sf]
ljrf/ ;a} lsl;dsf 5g\ . cf–cfkm\gf
af6f 5g\ . cf–cfkm\gf ;fwg 5g\ . /,
cf–cfkm\gf ;fWo . ;fWo–;fWoaLrsf]
n8fO{ c;fWo ePsf] 5 . s' G gL
;Demf}tfx? x'G5g\ eG5g\, km]l/ t'lxG5g\ .
st} s'lxG5g\, st} r'lxG5g\ . ev{/} x+zd'v
ev{/} s+zd'vdf kl/0ft x'G5 . km]l/ sf]xL
xfF:5 sf]xL ?G5 . s'GgL ljb]zL;Fu ldn]/
s:n] s] hfn a' G 5 . …;fx' h L lrof
kfO{G5 < ===:k]zn agfpm ls ;fbf <
===lkof] / g} 5 lg < ===kf8f] eP/
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x]bf{ nfU5 ;d:ofx? lgtfGt k|fljlws
5g\ . To;f] xf]Og . ;d:of j}rfl/s 5g\ .
k/:k/lj/f]wL ju{x?sf] aLrdf ;xdlt
;a}sf nflu j}1flgs / u'0f:t/Lo lzIffsf] cfjZostf
zuf]ljGb cfrfo{
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P;Pn;Lsf] kl/Iff k|0ffnLdf dxTjk"0f{
;'wf/ u/]sf] atfPklg cfzfg's"nsf]
kl/0ffd k|fKt x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . o;k6ssf]
P;Pn;L kl/Iffdf klg #^ k|ltzt ljBfyL{
cg'tL0f{ /x] . cg'tL0f{ x'g]dWo] klg ()
k|ltzteGbf a9L ljBfyL{ t ;/sf/L
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5f]/f5f]/L g} /x] . o;n] u/La ljBfyL{x?
lzIffsf] ;dfg clwsf/af6 cem}
sltGh]n;Dd jl~rt x'g' kg]{ xf] eGg]
k|Zg plAhPsf] 5 .
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klg al~rt gug]{ gf/f cl3 ;f/]sf] 5 .
u/Lasf 5f]/f5f]/LnfO{ lzIff lbg] gfddf
ljb]zLbftfx?n] lzIffdf ;/sf/dfkm{t\
jif]{gL c/jf} ?k}ofF nufgL ul//x]sf 5g\ .
;/sf/n] ljBfno If]q ;'wf/ of]hgf,
;a}sf nflu lzIff sfo{qmd, dfWolds
lzIff ;xof]u sfo{qmdnufotsf gfddf
c/af}+ /sd vr{ ul/;s]sf] 5, t/ To;af6
k|fKt ePsf elgPsf pknlAwx?sf] s'g}
k|efj b]lvPsf] 5}|g . a? a}1flgs /
u'0f:t/Lo lzIff x'g]vfg]x?s} k]jf aGb}
uPsf] 5 eg] ;/sf/L :jfldTjdf ;+rflnt
;fj{hlgs ljBfnosf] cj:yf emg\kl5
emg bogLo aGb}5 .
pRr lzIffsf nflu k|dv ' v'8l\ snf]
dflgPsf] P;Pn;L kl/Iffdf dfq} w]/}
ljBfyL{ kf; jf km]n x'gn ' ] dfq lzIffsf]
u'0f:t/ dfkg ub}g{ . xfdLn] lzIffsf] hu
s;/L a;fn]sf 5f}+ < lzIff k|0ffnL lsg
k'/fg} 5 < b]zsf] cfjZostfg';f/sf] lzIff
;fdlosL
k|ltqmflGtsf] g]t[Tj u/]sf] dfwj g]kfnsf] ;/sf/n] /fhLgfdf lbPsf] 5 .
t/ ;xdtLo /fhgLlt / ;xdtLo ;/sf/ aGg ;s]sf] 5}g . km]l/
lg/Gt/tfsf] OR5f hfx]/ u/]sf 5g\ . b]z /fhg}lts cfly{s / ;'/Iffsf]
s'/f Jojxf/df sfof{Gjog ePsf] kfOb}g . hgtfsf] lgu/fgL, lgoGq0f /
x:tIf]k sfuhL b:tfj]h h:t} ag]sf] 5 .
ePsf] 5 . af3nfO{ tx nufpg
AjfF;fx?;Fu ul/Psf] ;xdlt . o;f] eGbf
tLtf] oyfy{ x'G5 xf]nf . dfcf]jfbLn]
sfª\u|]; Pdfn]nfO{ sr8f -afOk|f]8S6_
7fg] s f] 5 eg] sfª\ u | ] ; –Pdfn]
dfcf]jfbLnfO{ sr8f 7fg]sf] 5 . jf:tjdf
sfª\u|];–Pdfn] sr8f g} xf] . t/, To;n]
/fd|f] lrhnfO{ ;xh} s'xfpg ;S5 . ufx|f]
5, dfcf]jfbLn] cfkm\gf u'0fx? arfO/fVg .
n8fO{ o;}df 5, ls t' 5}g ls d' 5}g,
n' vf . ljrf/sf] n8fO{ k|fljlwsh:tf]
b]lvg k'u]sf] 5 . lsg < lsgls s'g–
s'g ljrf/aLr n8fO{ rn]sf] 5, hgtfdf
k|i6tf 5}g . pgLx?sf] aLrdf b':k|rf/
ePsf] 5, h'Fufsf] n8fO{ eg]/ . jf:tjdf
g]kfndf /fhg}lts zlQmx?sf] kxnsbdL
u'd]sf] 5 . kxnsbdL n7\7fkf/ k'u]sf]
5 . …;fx'hL lrof kfO{G5 < ===:k]zn
agfpm ls ;fbf < ===lkof]/ g} 5 lg <
===kf8f] eP/ hGdg' k5{ .Ú
g]kfndf ljrf/ k|of]u of] klxnf]k6s
eg] xf]Og . dfS;{jfbsf] ;"q agfP/, dGq
hk]/ df]xgljqmdhLn] la8f] yfDg] u/]sf
5g\ . pgsf] k|of]u ue{d} 5, t/ cfkm}df
ckfË 5 . g ;f]R5, g t sd{ u5{ . ue]{
ckfË . ljkL sf]O/fnfsf] k|hftflGqs
;dfhjfb pRr ju{sf nflu dfq 5 . Tof]
cfkm}df kFh" LjfbL / d'¶Le/ dfG5]x?sf] nflu
5 . Tof] klg ;w} bnfn rl/qsf] . To;}n]
To:tf]vfn] ;dfhjfbsf] k/fho dx]Gb| /fhfsf]
kZrufdL k+rfotaf6 ePsf] lyof] . dbg
e08f/Lsf] >[hgzLn dfS;{jfbn] xfjf
vfO;s]sf] 5 . To;n] w/ftn g} 6]ss ] f]
5}g . To;sf] w/ftnLo oyfy{ vf]Hg'
cfsf;]an ] Lsf] h/f vf]Hg';/x x'G5 .
log} la/f;tsf] k' g /fj[ l Q x' g ]
;Defjgfaf6 dfcf]jfbL k'/} ;r]t x'gk' 5{ .
Tof] eg]sf] dfcf]jfbLn] hgtfdf /x]sf]
cfkm\gf] h/fsf] vf]hL ug'k{ 5{ . ;a} zlQmx?
/fHon] ;+ljwfgdf lzIffnfO{ df}lns xssf ?kdf
/flvlbP/ dfq x'bF g} . Tof] xs ;a}n] ;dfg 9+un]
pkef]u ug]{ jftfj/0f l;h{gf ul/g' kb{5 .
lzIffsf] gfddf eO/x]sf] Jofkf/ cGTo x'gk' 5{ .
lbg s] ;d:of 5g\ < lsg k'/fg} / ljb]zL
kf7\ok':tssf ljifoa:t' 3f]sfOG5 <
c;dfg lzIff t/ ;dfg kl/Iff k|0ffnLn]
s] k|efj kf/]sf] 5 < eGg] h:tf ;of}+
k|Zgsf pko'Q { m hjfkm xfdLn] cem} kfpg
;s]sf 5}gf}+ . clxn] klg g]kfnsf] lzIff
k|0ffnL / o;sf] u'0f:t/jf/] xfd|f ;fd'
o:tf s}of} k|Zgx? 5g\ . b]zdf ePsf]
dxTjk"0f{ /fhgLlts kl/jt{gkZrft\ klg
lzIff If]qdf lsg kl/jt{g x'Fb}g < of]
k|Zgn] 3l/3l/ xfdL ;a}nfO{ 3f]lr/x]sf]
5 . ;fob o;n] kl/jt{gsfdL g]tfx?nfO{
klg 3f]R5 xf]nf . lzIffsf] ljsf;ljgf
s'g} klg s'/fsf] sNkgf gu/] x'G5 . t/
clxn] xfdLsxfF k+rfotLsfnsf] /fli6«o
lzIff k4ltg';f/sf kf7\oqmd / k|0ffnL
oyfjt} 5g\ . /fhtGqsfnd} u[xsfo{ u/L
tof/ eP/ @)^^ ;fnb]lv nfu" ul/Psf]
ljBfno If]q ;'wf/ cfof]hgfsf nflu
;/sf/n] ;f9] tLg ca{ ?k}of vr{ ug]{
lg0f{o ul/;s]sf] 5 . s] of] nufgL jfn'jfdf
kfgL t x'bF } 5}g < o;sf] ;dLIff s;n]
ug]{ < ljBfno If]q ;'wf/ cfof]hgf h?/L
eP klg o;n] kl/jt{gnfO{ cfTd;ft u/]sf]
5}g . o;n] clxn]sf ;a} cfjZostf k"/f
ub} { g . o;df Jofks kl/dfh{ g sf]
cfjZostf 5 . o;n] g t clxn]
pl7/x]sf ;a} k|Zgx?sf] hjfkm lbg ;S5
g t ;+3Lo nf]stflGqs u0ftGqfTds
g]kfnsf] lzIffsf] cfjZostfnfO{ k'/f ug{
;S5g\ . o;n] t g]kfndf lzIff If]qdf
cfd"n kl/jt{gsf] af6f]df tuf/f] xfn]/
yk s]xL jif{ k'/fg} lzIff k|0ffnLnfO{ cl3
@
nfu]/ dfcf]jfbLsf] xfFufla+uf sf6\b}5g\ .
>[ªvnfa4 sfo{stf{x?sf] xTof e}/x]sf]
5 . o;sf] d'n ;'sfpg k|of; e}/x]sf]
5 . dfcf]jfbL;Fu cfkm\gf] alnof] ;+u7g
5 . /, To;sf lalaw :j?kx? 5g\ . t/
;w} sdhf]/ /x]sf] kf6f] eg]sf] ;+o'Qm
df] r f{ s f] xf] . ;+ o ' Q m df] r f{ b] z Lo
zlQmx?;Fu dfq ;Dej 5 . yf]/} klg
ljb]zL;Fu nrstfsf] gfddf t/n xF'b}
uOof] eg] km]l/ pxL lgot bf]xf]l/g]5 .
k|ltqmflGtsf] g]t[Tj u/]sf] dfwj
g]kfnsf] ;/sf/n] /fhLgfdf lbPsf] 5 .
t/ ;xdtLo /fhgLlt / ;xdtLo ;/sf/
aGg ;s]sf] 5}g . km]l/ ax'dtLo v]n rn]sf]
5 . hglj/f]wL / k|ltqmflGtsf/Lx?sf] bfjf
Ho"sfTo'F 5 . pgLx?sf] ;/sf/ aG5 km]l/ .
cem dfwj g]kfns} g]t[Tjsf] ;/sf/sf]
lg/Gt/tfsf] OR5f hfx]/ u/]sf 5g\ . b]z
/fhg}lts cfly{s / ;'/Iffsf] lx;fan]
rf}k6 ePsf] 5 . dfcf]jfbLn] p7fPsf]
hgtfsf] ;r]t x:tIf]ksf] s'/f Jojxf/df
sfof{Gjog ePsf] kfOb}g . hgtfsf]
lgu/fgL, lgoGq0f / x:tIf]k sfuhL
b:tfj]h h:t} ag]sf] 5 .
rdTsf/ jf km]/abn dfd'nL s'/fn]
x'g ;Qm}g . …d]/f afh]n] £o" vfPsf lyP,
d]/f h'Fuf ;'F3Ú eGbf s;}n] ;'F£g]jfnf
5} g . k/:k/lj/f] w L ju{ s f aLrdf
lzi6frf/n] 7"nf] kl/jt{g Nofpg ;Qm}g .
/fdrGb| kf}8]nn] eg]em}+ af3sf] 3f]8faf6
n'?Ss em/]/ ;d:of ;dfwfg cjZo
x'Fb}g . a? af3sf] 3f]8fnfO{ ultdfg
agfpg' kb{5 . ultsf] :j?k leGg x'g
;S5 . gofF g]kfn TolQs} aGg ;Qm}g .
gofF g]kfnsf] lgdf{0f af3sf] 3f]8fdf r9]/
dfq ;Dej 5 . lkof]/ b'wsf nflu kf8f]
ag]/ hGdg tof/ x'g' x'Fb}g . a? af3s}
3f]8fsf] ofqf ;lbof}+sf] nflu eP\klg to
ug'{ >]ois/ x'G5 . ˆ
a9fpg] Pjd\ gofF e|d 5g]{ sfd dfq ug]{
cj:yf 5 .
oltv]/ xfd|f] cfjZostf / p2]Zo
eg] s f] g] k fnsf ;Dk" 0 f{ ljBfyL{ x ?n]
;dfg9+ u n] j} 1 flgs, Jofjxfl/s /
u'0f:t/Lo lzIffsf] cj;/ kfpg' xf] .
wgL / u/La ju{sf nflu km/s lzIffsf]
Joj:yf cGTo x'g' xf] . Tof] lbzfdf
;/sf/sf] s'g} kxn b]lvPg . /fHon]
;+ljwfgdf lzIffnfO{ df}lns xssf ?kdf
/flvlbP/ dfq x'Fb}g . Tof] xs ;a}n]
;dfg 9+un] pkef]u ug]{ jftfj/0f l;h{gf
ul/g' kb{5 . lzIffsf] gfddf eO/x]sf]
Jofkf/ cGTo x'g'k5{ . lzIfs, ljBfyL{,
cleefjs;lxtsf /f;/f]sf/jfnfx?sf]
;+nUgtfdf dfq sfo{of]hgfx? agfO{
;fj{hlgs ax; / 5nkmnkl5 dfq nfu"
ul/g' kb{5 . lzIff If]qsf ;Dk"0f{ lj;+ult
/ ljs[ltsf] cGTo u/L o; If]qsf ;Dk"0f{
;d:of ;dfwfg x'g' kb{5 . Tof] lbzfdf
;/sf/L lgsfoaf6 kof{Kt e'ldsf v]lnPsf]
5}g . a? g]kfnsf] ;/sf/, lzIff dGqfno
/ lzIff ljefun] hgtfsf 5f]/f5f]/LnfO{
lzIffsf] ;dfg cj;/af6 al~rt ul/Psf]
5}g eGb} /ftlbg kmnfsf] xfn]/ a:g]
sfd dfq ul//x]sf 5g\ . pgLx?sf] k'/fgf]
dfgl;stf / sfo{zn } Laf6 lzIffdf cfd"n
kl/jt{g xf]nf eg]/ sNkgf;Dd klg ug{
;lsb}g+ . o; cj:yfdf b]zsf] /fhgLlts
kl/jt{ g sf g] t [ T jbfoL /fhgLlts
zlQmx?n] lzIff If]qsf] cfd"n kl/jt{gsf]
Ph] 0 8fnfO{ sfof{ G jog ug{ ljz] i f
kxnsbdL lng' h?/L 5 . ˆ
 jif{ !@, c+s #%, @)^& >fj0f @ ut] cfOtaf/ ljrf/÷/fhgLlt #

;]gf ;dfof]hgsf] k|:tfj / k|ltufdL w'/L

gofF ;/sf/ u7g / jt{dfgsf]
/fhgLlts uTofj/f]wsf] cGTosf
nflu ;]gf ;dfof]hgnufotsf]
k|:tfj dfcf]jfbLn] ;fj{hlgs
u/]sf] 5 / Tof] k|:tfj ljutsf
;Demf}tf / ;xdltcg'¿k gePsf]
eg]/ sfª\u|];–Pdfn]x¿n] lj/f]w
u/] s f 5g\ . s] x L lbgcl3
cgldgn] ;dfof] h gsf] vfsf
5nkmnsf nflu 7"nf elgPsf
tLg bn;dIf k| :t't u¥of] /
To;k|lt klg sfª\u|];–Pdfn]sf
7fn'x¿ pQ]lht eP/ lj/f]wdf
plqP . oL b' j } xs{ t x¿af6
pgLx¿ zflGt / :yfloTjlt/
xf]Og, o'4 / aaf{bLlt/} cl3 a9\g
rfxG5g\ eGg] k|i6 x'G5 . pgLx¿
Dffcf]jfbL;Fu s'g} ;xdlt ug{
xf]Og, dfcf]jfbLnfO{ cfTd;dk{0f
u/fpg rfxG5g\ . sfª\ u | ] ; –
Pdfn]sf] oltv]/sf] ;]gf;DaGwL
wf/0ffdf ;dfof]hgsf] s'/} 5}g .
To;}n] tL /fi6«;+3sf] e"ldsfk|lt
;d]t a9L g} ;zª\lst 5g\ /
lj?4df 5g\ . lsgls /fi6«;+3
zflGt :yfkgf / ;]gf ;dfof]hgsf]
sfo{ ug{sf nflu af]nfP/ cfPsf]
lyof] . pgLx¿ ;s];Dd hgd'lQm
;] g fsf ;a} n fO{ 3/ kmsf{ p g
rfxG5g\, ltgsf xltof/df cfuf]
nufpg rfxG5g\ / lxhf]
o' 4 sfndf ePsf 36gfx¿sf
cfwf/df d'2f rnfP/ ;s];Dd
tL ;a} / dfcf] j fbL g] t fx¿
;d]tnfO{ h]n k7fpg rfxG5g\ .
;dfof]hg zAb k|foM tL pRrf/0f
g} ub} { g g\ / ul/xfNbf klg
pgLx¿n] eg]sf] ;dfof]hg lxhf]
hgd' l Qm ;] g fdf /x] / sfd
u/]sfx¿nfO{ g]kfnL ;]gfdf egf{
x'g /f]s gnufpg] s'/f;Fu dfq}
;DalGwt 5 . s] oxL xf] ;dfof]hg
eg]sf] < s] lyP t ljutdf ePsf
;Demf}tf / ;xdltx¿df < s] of]
sfª\u|];–Pdfn]afx]s c¿ s;}sf]
;Demgf / /]s8{df 5}g <
;j{ky| d @)^@ dª\l;/ & ut]
tTsfnLg ;ft bn / g] s kf
dfcf] j fbLsf aLrdf ePsf]
ax'rlr{t !@ a'bF ] ;dembf/Lsf] aFb' f
g+= # df …==dfcf]jfbL ;z:q zlQm
/ zfxL ;]gfnfO{ ;+o'Qm /fi6«;ª\3
jf e/kbf]{ cGt/f{li6«o ;'kl/j]If0fdf
/fVg] , Ú eg] / n] l vPsf] 5 .
efifflj1x¿n] eg"g\ s] of] jfSon]
dfcf]jfbLsf] ;z:q zlQm / zfxL
;]gfnfO{ Pp6} ¿kdf lnPsf] 5}g
< ha b'O{vfnsf ;z:q zlQm
d'n'sdf 5g\ / ltgsf] ;dfof]hg
ug' { cfjZos 5 elgG5 eg]
ltgsf] ;dfof]hg s;/L x'G5 <
cyjf ;dfof] h g eGgfn] s]
a'lemG5 < s] oltv]/ sfª\u|];–
Pdfn]sf e|i6 cu'jfx¿n] eGg]
u/]h:t}, oltv]/sf] g]kfnL ;]gfsf]
zfxL ;]gfsfnLg egf{ dfkb08 k"/f
ug{;Sg] hgd'lQm ;]gfsf s]xL
JolQmx¿nfO{ g]kfnL ;]gfdf egf{
ug{ /f] s gnufpg] eg] s f] g}
;dfof]hg xf] < o:t} @)^# dª\l;/
% ut] g]kfn ;/sf/ / g]skf
dfcf] j fbLsf tkm{ a f6 x:tfIf/
ePsf] lj:t[t zflGt ;Demf}tfsf]
a'bF f g+= $=$ df …dfcf]jfbL ;]gfsf
n8fs'sf] /]vb]v, ;dfof]hg /
k' g :yf{ k gfsf lglDt cGtl/d
dlGqkl/ifb\n] ljz]if sld6L agfP/ a9fpg vf]Hbfsf] k'/fgf] zfxL;]gf ;ldlt dftxt /fVg] , pQm o'lg6df Ps–b'Oh { gfsf b/n] 5g{
sfd ug]{Ú eGg] jfSo /flvPsf] 5 /fli6«o ;]gf x'g] / hgd'lQm ;]gf ;ldltn] hgd' l Qm ;] g fsf rfxG5g\ / ;du|df hgd'lQm ;]gfn]
/ To;}nfO{ cfwf/ dfGb} g]kfnsf] rflx c:yfoL / cJojl:yt of]4fx¿sf] JolQmut wf/0ffcg'¿k lxhf]sf] lg/ª\sz ' tfsf] lj?4 hf]
cGtl/d ;+ljwfg @)^# sf] wf/f n8fs'sf] ¿kdf SofG6f]gd]G6df ;dfh jf /fhgLlts hLjgdf n8\of], To;sf] abnf lng rfxG5g\ .
!$^ df …=== dfcf]jfbL ;]gfsf /xg] l:ylt aGof] . t/, log} hfg rfxg] / Kofs] h cGtu{ t sfª\u;]| –Pdfn]sf cg';f/ hfg'
n8fs'x¿sf] /]vb]v, ;dfof]hg / k|fjwfgx¿n] klg ;dfof]hgsf] k' g :yf{ k gf sfo{ q md :jLsfg{ eg]sf] ;f]em} cfTd;dk{0f ug'{ xf] .
k'g:yf{kgfsf lglDt dlGqkl/ifb\n] s'/fnfO{ :jLsf/ u/]sf 5g\ . zflGt rfxg]x¿sf] ;ª\Vof tyf zf/Ll/s To;af6 g zflGt k|fKt x'G5 g t
ljz]if ;ldlt agfpg] 5 / To:tf] ;Demf}tf / cGtl/d ;+ljwfgdf czQmtfsf] sf/0faf6 ;' / Iff :yfloTj g} . ;Todf pgLx¿
;ldltsf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ klg pNn]lvt …dfcf]jfbL ;]gfsf lgsfodf lqmofzLn x' g zflGt ;Demf} t f / cGtl/d
dlGqkl/ifb\n] lgwf{/0f u/] adf]lhd n8fs'x¿sf] /]vb]v, ;dfof]hg / g;Sg] x ¿sf] ;d] t ;ª\ V of ;+ljwfgn] lglb{i6 u/]sf] lbzflt/
5'6\ofP/ afFsLnfO{ ;dfof]hgdf hfg} rfxFb}gg\ . @))& ;fn /
s'df/ bfxfn nUg' k g] { s' / f p7fPsf] 5 . To;eGbf cl3b]lvsf P]ltxfl;s
hgd'lQm ;]gfsf of]4fx¿nfO{ ;dfj]z u/L /fHosf] sfª\u|];–Pdfn]x¿sf] ;dfof]hg ;ª\ 3 if{ / hgcfGbf] n gdfkm{ t \
x'g]sf] ;ª\Vof lgwf{/0f ul/lbg'kg]{ nf]stGq, zflGt / cu|udgsf
cs}{ ljz]if ;'/Iff lgsfo jf ;'/Iff ansf] u7g ug'{ l38l38f] s f] of] g} ;a} e Gbf kIfdf k|s6 ePsf] hgfb]zsf]
;dfof]hgsf] ;a}eGbf ;/n, ;xh / pko'Qm df]8n ] pko' Q m xn xf] . To;} u /L ;Ddfg, ljBdfg juL{o, hftLo,
;dfof]hgsf nflu egf{sf] k'/fgf] If] q Lo, n} l Ës ;d:ofx¿sf]
x'g;Sg] s'/f k|:tfjdf 5g\ . t/, sfª\u;]| –Pdfn]x¿ :6\ofG8;{ gD;\ xf]Og, 5'§} :6fG8;{\ /fHosf] cu|ufdL k'g;{+/rgfåf/f
of] rfx"bg} g\ . zflGt ;Demf}tf / cGtl/d ;+ljwfgsf] gD;sf] lgdf{0f u/]/, hgd'lQm ;dfwfg ug]{h:tf s'/f g} lj:t[t
dd{ / l:kl/6eGbf dfcf]jfbLnfO{ kl5 x6fpg ;]gfsf of]4fx¿nfO{ ;dfj]z u/L zflGt ;Demf} t f / cGtl/d
/fHosf] cs}{ ljz]if ;'/Iff lgsfo ;+ljwfgsf cfwf/j:t'x¿ x'g\ .
rfxG5g\ . ;dfof]hg ug'k{ g]{ ;]gfsf] ;ª\Vof b'O{ of jf ;' / Iff ansf] u7g ug' { sfª\u; ]| –Pdfn]sf] ljrf/, /fhgLlt,
tLg xhf/ eg]/ tf]sfpg rfxG5g\ . clg oltn] dfq} ;dfof]hgsf] ;a}eGbf ;/n, ;xh of]hgf / sfo{qmd st} o:tf
/ pko'Qm df]8]n x'g;Sg] s'/f s' / fx¿åf/f lglb{ i 6 kfOb} g .
klg ltgnfO{ k'Ub}g, pgLx¿n] eGg] ;dfof]hg t/ ug]{ k|:tfjdf 5g\ . t/, sfª\u;] | –Pdfn]x¿ pgLx¿ ljb]zL zlQmsf] tfj]bf/L
rflx ;]gf / k'ln;df gofF egf{ a'em]sf 5g\ . of] rfx"bg} g\ . zflGt ;Demf}tf / ug{, cfkm" wgL aGg / g]kfn /
cGtl/d ;+ l jwfgsf] dd{ / g] k fnL hgtfnfO{ aaf{ b L /
x'g]5Ú eGg] jfSof+z n]lvPsf] 5 . k'g:yf{kgfÚ eGg] zAbx¿sf] qmdn] l:kl/6eGbf dfcf]jfbLnfO{ kl5 ;ª\s6sf] e'd/Ldf cem} cufl8
oL b' j } jfSof+ z x¿ !@ a' F b ] k'g:yf{kgfnfO{ eGbf ;dfof]hgnfO{ x6fpg rfxG5g\ . ;dfof]hg ug'k{ g]{ ws]Ng dfq} pBt 5g\ . o;sf/0f
;dembf/Lsf] a'Fbf g+= # eGbf Ps g} k|wfgtf lbPsf] 5 . To;}n] g} ;]gfsf] ;ª\Vof b'O{ of tLg xhf/ pgLx¿;Fu ;Demf}tf / ;xdltsf]
sbdkl5 x6]sf 5g\ . !@ a'Fb] k'g:yf{kgf eGbf ;dfof]hg zAb eg]/ tf]sfpg rfxG5g\ . clg oltn] s'g} 7fpF afFsL /xg uPsf] 5}g .
;dembf/Ldf b'j} ;]gfnfO{ ;dfg cufl8 /flvPsf] 5 . dfq} klg ltgnfO{ k'Ub}g, pgLx¿n] j:t'l:ylt hgtf;dIf h:tfsf]
x}l;otdf /flvPsf] 5 t/ zflGt oltv]/sf] dfcf]jfbL k|:tfj eGg] ;dfof]hg t/ ug]{ rflx ;]gf t:t} /fVg] / ;ª\ 3 if{ ug] { g}
;Demf}tf / ;+ljwfgdf cfpFbf ;+ l jwfg / lj:t[ t zflGt / k'ln;df gofF egf{ a'em]sf 5g\ . oltv]/sf] cufl8 hfg] ljsNk xf] .
;+;b\jfbLx¿ k'/fg} l:yltdf kmls{g ;Demf} t fsf] dd{ / efjgfnfO{ dfcf] j fbLn] pgs} cg' ; f/ sfª\u|];–Pdfn];Fu ;xdlt u/]/ g
rfxg] / dfcf]jfbL cfk\mgf sltko cIf/; cfTd;ft ug]{ lsl;daf6 tf]lslbPsfx¿df klg egf{sf] k'/fgf] /fli6«o ;+o'Qm ;/sf/ aG5 g t
s'/fnfO{ 5f8]/ nlrnf] aGb} ;du| cfPsf] 5 . To;n] hgd' l Qm dfkb08 gk'u]sfnfO{ lkmtf{ u/]/ d' n ' s sf] ¿kfGt/0f ug] { gofF
/fhgLlts k| l qmofnfO{ cufl8 ;]gfsf SofG6f]Gd]G6x¿nfO{ ljz]if afFsLnfO{ ;]gf / k'ln;sf x/]s ;+ljwfg g} . ˆ

ljrf/ / Jojxf/sf] åGåjfb

ljrf/ / Jojxf/aLrsf]
cGt/lj/f]w xfd|f] kf6L{df ljBdfg
oltv]/sf] ;a}eGbf 7"nf] cGt/lj/f]w
xf] . ljrf/ / Jojxf/aLr tfbfDo
ePg eg] Pp6f sDo'lgi6 kf6L{
qmflGtsf/L kf6L{ /xg} ;Sb}g .
;+;f/sf 3f]/ eGbf 3f]/ ;+zf]wgjfbL
kf6L{x¿n] ;d]t qmflGt rflxb}g
eg]/ g t st} eGg] u/]sf 5g\ g
t st} b:tfj]hdf n]Vg] g} u/]sf
5g\ . bf];f| ] ljZjo'4sf] ;]/f]km]/f]df
;+;bLo r'gfjdfkm{t\ k|ltlqmofjfbL
;Qfdf ;fd]n O6nL jf k|mfG;sf
kf6L{ xf] p g\ cyjf lgjf{ r gdf
ax'dt NofP/ ef/tsf] s]/nfdf
ljZjs} klxnf] jfd ;/sf/sf] g]tT[ j
ug]{ tTsfnLg ef/tLo sDo'lgi6
kf6L{ -;LkLcfO{_ xf];\ jf OG8f]gl] ;of
/ lrnLsf jfd kf6L{ xf]pg\ s;}n]
klg cfkm" qmflGtsf/L k|lqmofaf6
aflxl/Psf] s'/f u/]gg\, a? oL ;a}
kf6L{n] hgjfbL / ;dfhjfbL qmflGt
;DkGg ug{sf vflt/ sfo{gLltsf]
gfpFdf ;/sf/ ;+;bdf ;fd]n ePs}
s'/f u/] . pgLx¿n] cfkm" hgjfbL
qmflGt, ;dfhjfbL qmflGt, ju{
;ª\3if{ / dfS;{jfbs} nfOgdf /x]sf]
af/Daf/ pb\3f]if ul//x] . oxfF;Dd
ls 6'KkLb]lv k}tfnf;Dd kFh " LjfbL
nfOgnfO{ nfu" ug{ ;fd|fHojfbsf]
gfOs] cd]l/sfnfO{ ;d]t dfy ug]{
lrlgofF sDo'lgi6 kf6L{n] ;d]t
cfºgf b:tfj]hx¿df clxn] klg
cfkm" lrlgofF ljz]iftf;lxtsf]
;dfhjfbsf] dfu{df lx8]sf] bfjL
ub{5 . cfw'lgs ;+zf]wgjfbsf]
hgssf ¿kdf ;+ ; f/el/sf
qmflGtsf/Lx¿df abgfd tTsfnLg
;f] l eot sDo' l gi6 kf6L{ s f]
dxf;lrjn] klg cfºgf
b:tfj]hx¿df dfS;{jfb–n]lggjfb
Tofu]sf], kFh
" LjfbL dfu{sf] cg'z/0f
u/]sf] s'/f slxNo} :jLsf/ u/]g
a? k"h F Ljfbsf ;fy zflGtk"0f{ ;x–
cl:tTj / zflGtk"0f{ k|lt:kwf{nfO{
zflGtk"0f{ ;ª\qmd0fnfO{ cfºgf]
sfo{gLltdfq ePsf] atfpFb} cfof] .
lrlgofF sDo' l g:6 kf6L{ ; F u sf]
;f7Lsf] bzsdf rn]sf] ;f]leot
sDo'lg:6 kf6L{sf] dxfljjfbsf
b:tfj] h x¿sf] cWoog ubf{
;+zf]wgjfbdf ktg eO;s]sf]
;f]leot ;+3sf] sDo'lgi6 kf6L{n]
ju{ ;ª\3\ if{, ;z:q ;ª\3if{ Tofu]sf]
sxLst} cf}krfl/s 3f]if0ff u/]sf]
kfOGg . a? tL b:tfj] h df dfS;{jfbL bz{gzf:qsf b'O{j6f ¿kdf dfGg'kg]{ / clglZrtsfn xf] . t/, kf6L{ s f] uGtJo / cw{cf}klgj]lzs b]zdf k|of]u
cfjZostf kbf{ , ;fd| f HojfbL d'Vo ljz]iftfx¿ 5g\ . Pp6f ;Dd -<_ To;df c8\lsg' kg{ ;Sg] ;+ l jwfg;efsf] lgjf{ r glt/ ePsf] qmflGtsf lgodx¿ xfd|f]
xdnfsf] cj:yfdf ;z:q ;ª\3if{sf] To;sf] ju{ rl/q, h;n] v'Nnf cfzosf JofVofx¿ cfpg yfn] . ;f]lemof] . ;+ljwfg;efdf hfg' b]zdf nfu" x'g ;St}gg\ < s]
cfjZos x'g] s'/f ul/Psf] 5 . xfd|} ¿kdf of] 3f] i f0ff ub{ 5 ls o:tf JofVofx¿ kf6L{sf] )$* 7Ls jf a]7Ls s] lyof] < Tof] dfcf]jfbn] bz{g, /fhgLlts
d'ns ' sf] 3f]/ ;+zf]wgjfbL Pdfn] åGåfTds ef} l tsjfb ;j{ x f/f ;fnlt/s} b:tfj] h df ls6fgL ax; p7fpg] of] n]vsf] p2]Zo cy{zf:q / j}1flgs ;dfhjfbsf]
xf];\ jf ef/tsf ;LkLcfO{ / ;LkLPd ju{sf] ;]jfdf ;dlk{t /xg] 5 . ePsf] qmflGtsf] Go"gtd sfo{qmd xf] O g . dfq ljrf/ / If]qdf u/]sf of]ubfgx¿ ck'u 5g\
h:tf ;+zf]wgjfbL kf6L{x¿ xf]pg\, bf];|f] xf] o;sf] Jojxfl/stf . gofF hgjfb / clwsdt sfo{qmd Jojxf/aLrsf] tfnd]nsf] ;Gbe{df < olb ck'u 5g\ eg] tL s]–s] x'g\
tL kf6L{x¿sf] b:tfj]hdf obfsbf o;n] l;4fGtsf] Jojxf/dfly ;dfhjfb ePsf] eGg] kf6L{sf] dfq of] k|;ª\u p7fOPsf] xf] . t < s] b;jif]{ hgo'4sfndf /
ju{ ;ª\3if{sf] ;d]t pNn]v ePsf] lge{/tfdf hf]8 lbG5 . of] s'/fdf wf/0ff ljk/Lt lyof] . oxfF klg ljrf/ / Jojxf/sf] ;DaGwsf] cfwLbzssf] ;Demf} t f /
kfOG5 eg] gofF hgjfb / hf]8 lbG5 ls l;4fGt Jojxf/df ljrf/ / Jojxf/aLr tfbfDo rrf{ ubf{ xfd|f] kf6L{n] cjnDag jftf{sfndf dfn]dfjfbsf ;fj{ef}d
;dfhjfb h:tf zAbx¿sf] t l6s]sf] x'G5, o;n] Jojxf/sf] ;]jf :yflkt x' g g;Sg' s } kl/0ffd u/] s f] ;xdlt, jftf{ , ;+ j fb, lzIffx¿ ju{ ;ª\3if{, ank|of]u,
y]uf]s} ¿kdf pgLx¿n] k|of]u ug{ ub{5 . b]vfkg{ uof] . nf]stflGqs u0ftGq ;Demf}tfsf] k|lqmofdf xfd|f] lg/Gt/ ;j{xf/f ju{sf] clwgfosTj /
clxn] klg 5f8]sf 5}gg\ . oL tdfd r'gjfª a}7sn] cfwLbzs k"j{ / ;+ljwfg;efsf] sfo{gLlt k"/f ¿kdf cfwL bzs;Ddsf] lg/Gt/ qmflGtnfO{ xfdLn] xfd|f]
b[i6fGtx¿ oxfF k|:t't ug's { f] tfTko{ ;+ l jwfg;ef / nf] s tflGqs eO;s] k l5 gofF sfo{ g Lltsf] ;xeflutf / ;+ l jwfg;efdf b]zdf nfu" ug{ ;kmn ePsf 5f}+ .
of] xf] ls ;+zf]wgjfbLx¿sf] sygL u0ftGqsf] sfo{gLlt kfl/t u/]sf] th'{df ug]{ / Jojxfl/s lx;fan] pkl:ylt Psflt/ 5 / eg] kl/0ffdn] xfdLn] o;f] ug{ ;s]sf
/ s/gLdf, ljrf/ / Joxf/df xf] . ;+ l jwfg;efnfO{ / ;d]t ToxL sfo{gLlt cg'¿ksf] csf] { l t/ ;z:q ljb| f ] x dfkm{ t \ 5}gf}+ eGg] g} b]vfpF5 . olb of]
tfbfDo xFb' g} , c;ª\ult x'G5 . hgjfbL qmflGt ;DkGg ug]{ ljZn]if0f ;xL xf] eg] dfn]dfjfb
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u'8'ªsf] 7"nf] cfjfh cfof] .
sfln sldgL vf]nflt/ bu'l/g\ .
vf]nfn] 7"nf–7'nf d'9f aufP/
NofPsf]/x]5 . pgL ToxL aufpg
uPsL/lxl5g\ . vf]nfsf] au/df
c? klg dflg;/x]5g\ Sof/] ;a}
ldn]/ au]sf] ?v vf]nfsf] e]naf6
lgsfn]/ lsgf/f nufP . pgL
Tof] ?v lsgf/df/fv]/ xfdLnfO{
vfgf kl:sg km] l / 3/df
kmls{Og\ . pgn] xfdLlt/ ljho
efjsf] xfF;f] b]vfpFb} elgg\– o;/L
g} xf] xfdLn] bfp/fsf] hf]xf] ug]{ .
pgLsf] ljho efj b]v]/ d eg]
zf] s dUg eP, u/LaLsf]
eËfnf] d f sltlbg 9' Ë f;F u
7f]lsb} hLjg laTg] xf]nf < slxn]
lsgf/f nfUg] xf]nf Tof] eËfnf]df
k/]sf] hLjg w]/} a]/;Dd d}n]
uld/x] .
Tof] kl/jf/ Pp6f sf]/f sfuh
xf] ./fHo alnof] eof] eg]
pgLx?nfO{ ;'Gb/ k'mn agfpg
;S5 . To; kl/jf/nfO{ c? nfO{
lzIff lbg] k':ts agfpg ;S5 .
b]znfO{ cfjZos kg]{ s'gk} lg
;fwg agfpg ;S5 t/
g]tfx?nfO{ s';L{ bf}8df l7Ss
5 . clg s:t'/Lsf] nflu lagf
sfd gnfu]em+} g]kfnLsf ;Lk/
kf}/v g]kfnsf nflu sfd gnfUg]
j:t' ag]/ kmflnPsf 5g\ . ;8s,
uNnL, vf]nflsgf/, le/kfvf/
8fF8fsfF8fdf pgLx? kmutsf
j:t'em}+ lylrb}, ldlrb}, lklN;b}
uNb}/ emb}{ uPsf 5g\ b]pvf]nfsL
sfnL sldgL h:t} u/L . ˆ
;ftfsf] sljtf
n8\g hGd]sfx?n] =====
zk"0f{ lj/fd
au}+rf jl/kl/ s7f]/ sgftn] af/ xfNbf–xfNb} klg
xfjf;Fu ldl;P/ s]xL ls6f0f' au}+rfdf l5/]s} x'G5
;'ulGwt u'nfkmdfly hfu?s eP/ b[li6 lgl/If0f ubf{ub}{ klg
cfFvfnfO{ 5n]/ ;'ulGwt u'nfkmsf]
s'g} klg kqdf vt/gfs ls6f0f' n's]s} x'G5
;'ulGwt u'nfkmsf] kqdf
ls6f0f'n] ;'Id gf]S;fg u/]s} x'G5
cfhLjg xfdLx?n] sL6gfzs cf]vtLsf] l8Aaf af]ls/xg' k5{
aGb's af]s]/ ;fj{hlgs n8fO{ nl8/x]sf] s'/f dfq s] ug{'
cfk\mg} 6fpsf]df pd]|sf zLtx?;Fu klg
xfdLx?n] n8fO{ nl8/xg'k5{
xfdL n8\g hGd]sfx?sf] lglDt
s'g} kndf klg sf]l/Psf] x'Gg o'4lj/fd gfds /]vf
cfk\mg} cf]7;Fu klg To;n]
;':s]/f 5f8]sf] avtdf xfdLx?n] nl8/xg'k5{
;':s]/f 5f]8\g] cf]7sf] lj?4df
cfk\mg} bfFtx?åf/f 6f]Sg] n8fO{ nl8/xg'k5{
xfdL n8\g hGd]sfx?
d[To'ko{Gt nl8/xg'k5{ .
b'Mvsf s}of}+ aGb/ufxx?df hxfhnfO{ g/f]lssg}
;'vsf] aGb/ufxdf k'¥ofpg] c7f]6 ubf{ub}{ klg
sKtfgn] hxfhnfO{ s]xL lbg b'Mvsf] aGb/ufxdf
/f]Sg}kg]{ x'G5 k}tnfb]lv zL/;Dd
5\ofk5\ofKtL b]lvPsf] b'MvnfO{ sKtfgn] krfpg}kg]{ x'G5
tfhf xfjfsf] ljsNkdf u'lD;Psf] tftf] xfjfdf
;f; km]/]/ sKtfgn] s}of}+ lbg
ps';d's'; xF'b} eofgs si6 em]n]s} x'G5
;f/fnfO{ ;'vsf] aGb/ufxdf k'¥ofpgsf lglDt
hxfhsf] sKtfgn] o:tf] n8fO{ n8\g}kg]{ x'G5 .
cfuf]n] ;s];Dd afF8\bf–afF8\b} klg kfo;
/ lnlkkf]lt ubf{ klg cf]7x?df a;Gt
efua08fdf x'g ;S5 Ps df;f tf}n a/fa/sf] tnljtn
tf}n gldn]sf] xNnfsf] nfdf] uLt ufpg]
:j/ xfd|f] cfk\mg} x'g ;S5
xfdLn] cfk\mgf] :j/sf] lj/f]wdf klg nl8/xg'k5{
cfuf]df a/km vGofpg bf}l8g] uf]8fx?
xfdL cfkm}n] af]ls/x]sf] x'g ;S5
To:tf] uf]8fsf] lj?4df
xfdLx?n] cfhLjg nl8/xg'k5{ .
alnbfgn] cf]tk|f]t eO;s]sf] d'6'df
rfn} gkfO{ l5g{ ;S5 cfk\mgf] gfs sf6]/}
ePklg kz';dfg afFRg] a]sDdfsf]
w8\sg cfk\mgf] d'6'leq
To:tf] a]nfdf xfdLn] cfk\mg}
d'6'sf] w8\sgsf] lj?4df n8\g'k5{
cfkm}n] cfk\mgf] d'6' sf]kg]{
lsl;dsf] n8fO{ nl8/xg'k5{
xfdL n8\g hGd]sfx?sf] lglDt
slxNo} s'g} klg kn sf]l/Psf] x'Gg
o'4lj/fd gfds /]vf
xfdL n8\g hGd]sfx?n]
d[To'ko{Gt nl8/xg' k5{–nl8/xg' k5{ . @)%%÷!÷#
n8\g hGd]sfx?n]==== sljtf ;+u|xaf6
ŠŠŠ
uhn
zcf:yf s];L
gofF ;dfh lgdf{0f ug{ lx8\b} lyof] Pp6f dfG5]
cGofosf] lj?4df n8\b} lyof] Pp6f dfG5]
hu}af6 p7fP/ agfpg gofF 3/
elTsPsf] yf]qf] 3/ kmf8\b} lyof] Pp6f dfG5]

hgtfsf] ;flxTosf/ s;/L aGg] <

ls;fg–dhb'/ / hgtfsf] kIf
lnP/ n]Vg]nfO{ g} hgtfsf
;flxTosf/ / snfsf/ elgG5 .
hgtfsf] kIfdf snd rf]Kg ;aeGbf
klxn] p;n] hgtfsf] d'Vo ;d:of
s] xf] eGg] a'em\ g'k5{ . clg p;n]
hgtfsf c? ;d:ofx?nfO{ klg
5'6o\ fpg'k5{ . hgtf;Fu gldn]sf
n]vs, slj / snfsf/x?n]
;lhn}l;t tL ;d:ofx?nfO{ a'em\ g
/ 5'6o\ fpg ;Sb}gg\, lsgeg] o;
;fdGtL ;dfhdf k9]–n]v]sf
dflg;x? dfq} w]/h } ;f] o; If]qdf
pqG5g\ . ltgLx? cfly{s /
;fdflhs ?kn] cln dflyNnf
ju{sf x'g] ePsfn] hgtfsf] ;d:of
l5§} a'em\ g ;Sb}gg\ . o;sf/0f
hgtfsf] ;d:of a'em\ g hgtf;Fu}
a:g'k5{, hgtfdfly leq}bl] v elQm
x'gk' 5{ . oxfF elQmsf] cy{ ;dy{g
/ ;]jf ug]{ efjgf xf] . hgtf;Fu}
;flxTosf/ nLg x'gk' 5{ . To;sf]
cy{ ;flxTosf/ cfkm} hgtfdf
ldl;g' xf] . hgtf;Fu ldl;g'sf]
cy{ bz} + – ltxf/sf] To;n] dfq} a'em]sf] x'G5, kIfdf af]Ng] qmflGtsf/L /fhg}lts
cfP /fIf; j}/Lx? n5f/k5f/ kf/Lkf/L
nu] p;nfO{ lk6Llk6L eb}{ lyof] Pp6f dfG5]
aGof] pm t chDa/L /ftf] tf/f cfsfzsf]
pT;jsf] x'ndf 3':g' xl/axfb'/ >]i7 h;n] ;bf hgtfs} kf6L{sf] 7DofO / cg'ejsf] ?kdf ;lxb alg /ftf] em08f cf9\b} lyof] Pp6f dfG5]
xf] O g . hgtf;F u dfq lrGtg u5{ cyjf cufl8 cfpF5 . Tof] kf6L{ jf zlQm
ldl;g'sf] cy{ hgtfsf] hLjgnfO{ hgtfsf] ;] j fd} nuftf/ hgtfsf] ;d:of ;dfwfg ug]{ d'Vo ;j} af]nfpFy] p;nfO{ t/ pm t /f]lsPg
hgtfs} cfFvfn] x]g'{ xf] . hgtfsf] nflu/xG5 . b]zdf bh{gf}+ /fhg}lts af6f]df k'us ] f] x'G5 . a;, To; w]/} dfly–dfly kxf8 r9\b} lyof] Pp6f dfG5] .
dd{nfO{ a'em\ g', hgtfsf] b'Mv–si6nfO{ sfo{stf{ / ;of}+ dhb'/ ls;fg
cfk\mg} h:tf] 7fGg' csf]{ efiffdf o;nfO{ sfo{stf{x? To; sfddf nfu]sf
kf6L{ jf ;+u7gn] ;flxTosf/sf]
cNemfO{nfO{ km'sfO{lbG5 . clg uhn
hgtfsf] b'Mv–si6 / kL/ dsf{nfO{ x'G5g\ . ltgLx? 3/af/ Tofu]/ /
cfTd;ft ug{' eGb5g\ . clg n]vsn] ftlbg ToxL lrGtfdf nfu]sf x'G5g\
;flxTosf/n] af6f] kfpF5 . x'g
;S5 ;flxTosf/ gofF ePdf jf
zkf]if0f ‘ljjz’ /f]sf
k"j{ lIflth /ftf] eof] p7 g]kfnL
hgtfnfO{ lrGg ;Sg] 5 . hgtfnfO{ . cg]s ;+3if{af6 ltgLx?n] zq' / k'/fgf] k|efjx? p;df afFsL ePdf gofF g]kfn lgdf{0fdf h'6 g]kfnL
;fFrf] dfg]df lrg]kl5 hgtfsf] ;d:of ldq lrlg;s]sf x'G5g\ . hgtfsf] km]l/–km]l/ af6f] la/fpg ;S5 . t/,
klg a'em\ g] 5 . hgtfaf6 l;Sg' eg]sf] cl3Nnf] / kl5Nnf] ;d:ofnfO{ klg kf6L{sf] glhs p;n] af6f] la/fpg w]/} eof] xfd|f] 3fF6L c7\ofPsf] b'Zdgn]
oxL xf] . a'lem;s]sf x'G5g\ . ltgLx?sf] kfpg] 5}g, h;a;Dd kf6L{ :jod\n] kmfnf}+ ;':tf sfnfkfgL j'6 g]kfnL
hgtf;F u o;/L Psfsf/ Tof] cg'ej Ps lg0f{odf k'us ] f] af6f] la/fpFbg} . o;/L kf6L{sf]
eO;s]kl5 Ps cy{n] eGg'k5{ ls x'G5 . Tof] lg0f{o lrGtg ug]{ Ps– lgb] { z gdf n] l vPsf] ;flxTo dfu]/ kfOb}g xs clwsf/ oxfF
aNn hgtfsf] glhs k'luof] . ca b'Oh { gf JolQmsf] dfq} 7DofO{ geO{ hgtfsf] ;d:of;Fu w]/} glhs glbP s] ef] hah{:tL n'6 g]kfnL
;flxTosf/ Pp6f h+undf km:5 . ;+ 3 if{ d f nfu] s f ;of} + xhf/f} + k'U5 jf kl5kl5 tf/f]d} k'U5 .
p;n] hgtfsf] s'g kIf / ;d:ofnfO{ hgtfsf] cg'ejsf] lgrf]8 x'G5 . hgtfsf] ;d:ofnfO{ lnP/ Ps l9Ssf alg nfUg'k5{ b]z lgdf{0fdf
k|dv' tf lbP/ n]Vg] eGg] csf]{ cK7\of/f] of] t dfx'/Lx? / To;sf] rfsf n] l vPsf] s' / f] hgtfn] dg bx|f] kf/ dg ca p7 g]kfnL
cfOk5{ . gq h+unsf] cy{ Ps h:t} xf] . k/fpF 5 g\ . hgtfsf] kIfdf
b'O6{ f ?vnfO{ dfq} b]Vg' hlQs} ;of}+ dfx'/Lx?n] a6'ns] f] /;n] n]Vg]nfO{ hgtfn] cfk\mg} dfG5] g]kfnL xfdL /xGgf}+ g]kfn} g/x]
x'g5 ] . t/, hgtfsf] ;d:ofnfO{ dfq} rfsf / dx ag]sf] x'G5, 7fG5g\ . o;/L Pp6f gofF lx8f}+ /fi6« lgdf{0fdf sf]xL g 5'6 g]kfnL
;f/?kn] a'em\ g] zlQm klg p;df Psb'O{6f dfx'/Lsf] xf]Og . Tof] ;flxTosf/ hgtfsf] ;flxTosf/sf]
em]gfd–& vlnjfª, /f]Nkf
x'G5 . hgtfsf] ;d:of ;/?kn] lgrf]8 ls;fg / dhb'/ ju{sf] ?kdf km]l/G5 . ˆ ŠŠŠ
 jif{ !@, c+s #%, @)^& >fj0f @ ut] cfOtaf/
v]tLkftLdf Jo:t 5g\ ls;fgx?
z k| s fz rf} w /L÷bfª
slxn] kfgL knf{ / wfg /f]kf}Fnf,
jif{lbgsf] lhljsf rnfpg] hf]xf] u/f}Fnf
eg]/ jiff{tsf] kvf{O{df /x]sf ls;fgx?
kfgL k/]kl5 v]tLkftLdf Jo:t ePsf 5g\ .
nfdf] ;dosf] v8]/Ln] v]tLkftLsf] sfddf
lg/f; ag]sf ls;fgx? kfgL k/]kl5
v]tLkftLsf] /demddf h'6]sf x'g\ .
dfgf] /f]kL d'/L kmnfpg] cleofg /
p2]Zo af]s]sf ls;fgx? o; jif{ klg
;w}h + :tf] nfdf] ;dosf] v8]/L / dnsf]
;d:of a]xf]b{} cfPsf 5g\ . slxn] jiff{sf]
df};d t slxn] /f;folgs dnsf] cefjsf
sf/0f lrlGtt ag]sf ls;fgx? o; jif{
pTkfbgnfO{ j[l4 ug]{ eGbf klg cfkm\gf]
lhljsf s;/L rnfpg] eGg] ljifo k|dv '
agfPsf 5g\ . slxn] df};dsf] / slxn]
dn cefjsf] kL8fn] 56k6fPsf ls;fgx?
v]tLkftLnfO{ ultnf];Fu a9fjf lbg] /
pTkfbgnfO{ j[l4 ug{ g;lsg] atfpF5g\ .
…v]tLkftL klg kl5 z'? ug'{k/]sf] 5 .
pAhgL klg sd dfqfdf x'G5, s;/L
pTkfbg j[l4 ug{ ;lsG5 <Ú c;f/ laTg}
nfUbf dfq} ls;fg v]tLkftLsf] sfddf
nfu]sf 5g\ . v]tLkftLsf] cfwf ;do
lalt;Sof] s;/L pTkfbg a9fpg] yk
lrGtfn] ;tfPsf] 5 ls;fgnfO{ . jif{lbgsf]
nflu lhljsf]kfh{gsf] nflu ul/g] d'Vo
k]zfsf] ?kdf /x]sf] wfg v]tLnfO{ /fd|f;
] uF
ug{ gkfpFbf / dnsf] cefjn] ls;fgx?df
clxn] yk r'gf}lt b]vfk/]sf] 5 . c;f/sf]
dlxgf lalt;Sbf;Dd lhNnfel/ hDdf
$) k|ltzt hdLgdf dfq ls;fgn] wfg
/f]ks
] f 5g\ eg] afFsL hdLg vfnL x]//]
lrQ a'emfpg' kl//x]sf] 5 . To;f] t kl5Nnf]
r/0fdf s]xL kfgL k/]klg ;do uO;s]sf]
a]nf v]tL ubf{ pAhgLdf sdL cfpg]
hf]lvddf k/]sfnfO{ ;fdflhs ;r]tgf cleofg
z k| s fz rf} w /L÷bfª
g]kfn kl/jf/ lgof]hg bfª zfvfn]
hf] l vddf k/] s f gful/sx?sf nflu
;fdflhs ;r] t gf cleofg rnfpF b }
cfPsf] 5 . hf]lvddf k/]sf gful/s,
lx+;fkLl8t dlxnf tyf afnaflnsfnfO{
/fxt k|bfg ug]{ p2]Zon] pQm cleofg
rnfOPsf] xf] .
r] l na] 6 L a] r lavg Go" g Ls/0f
kl/of] h gfcGt{ u t ;fdflhs ;r] t gf
cleofg ;~rfng ul/Psf] g]kfn kl/jf/
lgof]hg zfvf sfof{no bfªn] hgfPsf]
5 . sfof{non] lbPsf] hfgsf/L cg';f/
bfªsf] cf7 j6f uflj;df clxn] pQm
sfo{qmd ;~rfng ul/Psf] 5 . h;df
:o'hf, ;}3f, zflGtgu/, kjggu/, r}nfxL,
nfndl6of / ;tal/of uflj; /x]sf 5g\ .
a] r lavgdf k/] / kms] { s f s] x LnfO{
;}3f / /fdk'/df km}lnPsf] emf8fkvfnf lgoGq0fdf
bfª÷
bfª÷lhNnfsf] ;}3f uflj;sf tLg
ufpF / /fdk'/ uflj;sf] rflVn3f6 ufpFdf
km}lnPsf] emf8fkvfnf lgoGq0fdf cfPsf]
lhNnf hg:jf:Yo sfof{no bfªn] hgfPsf]
5 . hg:jf:Yo sfof{no bfªaf6 uPsf]
:jf:YosdL{sf] 6f]nLn] pkrf/ u/]kl5
emf8fkvfnf lgoGq0fdf cfPsf] lhNnf
hg:jf:Yo sfof{ n o bfªsf k| d ' v
s]zj/fh kl08tn] atfpg'eof] .
;}3f uflj;sf j8f g+ * sf] u'7Ljg,
( gDa/sf] bDtL / 8fF 8 fufpF d f
emf8fkvfnfsf sf/0f :yfgLojf;L lj/fdL
k/]kl5 :jf:YosdL{sf] Ps 6f]nL pkrf/sf
nflu laxLaf/ g} To;tkm{ uPsf] lyof] .
afafsf] vf]hLdf cfdf 5f]/f
z bf] 0 f{ s] ; L÷t' n ;Lk' /
t'n;Lk'/ gu/kflnsf–!) 8fF8fv'6LsL
dgsnL ljs–#@ cfkm" cGofodf k/]sf]
eGb} >Ldfg\sf] vf]hLdf lx8]sL l5g\ .
jif{lbgsf] k|]d ;DaGwkl5 hlGdPsf] 5f]/f
& jif{sf] k'lu;Sbf klg afa'sf] cQf]kQf]
gePkl5 pgL Gofosf nflu >Ldfg\sf]
vf]hLdf nfu]sL x'g\ . 5f]/fn] cfkm\gf]
afa'sf] vf]hL ug{ yfn]kl5 cfkm"nfO{ lgs}
;d:of k/]sf] pgn] atfOg\ .
lhljsf]kfh{gsf nflu 3/s} bfh';Fu}
k};f sdfpg ef/t uPsL pgL ToxfF
/xFbf uf]/vf lhNnf 3/ atfpg] bfh'sf]
;fyL clgn sF8]n;Fu k|]d ljjfx ePsf]
atfpFl5g\ . ljjfx ug'{k"j{ kl/ro ug]{
qmddf ljsn] cfkm\gf] kl/ro dgsNfL
uf}td elglbPkl5 sF8]nn] 7"nf] hftsf]
5f]/L kfP5' elg v';L;fy ljjfx u/]sf]
ePsf]n] v]tL u/fO{n] d]xgtcg';f/sf] kmn
gkfOg] 3f]/fxL gu/kflnsf–# sf /fdk|;fb
rf}w/L atfpF5g\ . pgsf cg';f/ Psflt/
jiff{ts
\ f] df};dn] lbPsf] wf]sf, csf]l{ t/
dndflysf] sfnf]ahf/L / d+xuLsf] df/
v]Kg'kg]{ afWotfn] ls;fgnfO{ w]/} ;d:ofdf
kf/]sf] 5 . To:t} csf{ 3f]/fxL gu/kflnsf–
@ u}/fufpFsf rGb|axfb'/ rf}w/L cg'bfgsf]
dn gkfP/ dx+uLk"0f{ dnsf] df/df k/]sf]
atfpF5g\ . dnlagf / ;xL jiff{tsf]
df};dn] v]tLkftL ug{ ufx|f] ePsf]n]
c;f/sf] clGtd ;ftfb]lv dfq v]tLkftLdf
nfu]sf] pgL atfpF5g\ . ef]s} dg'{eGbf
h;/L t;/L ePklg lhljsfsf] af6f]
vf]Hg'k/]sf] rf}w/Lsf] egfO{ 5 . ptf
cg'bfgsf] dnsf nflu wfpFbf wfpFbf x}/fg
eO;s]sf] 3f]/fxL–# au{bLsL k'Gof rf}w/L
cfocfh{gsf] sfddf / s]xLnfO{ ;fyL
lzIfssf] ?kdf egf{ u/L ;r] t gf
cleofgdf ;fd]n u/fPsf] sfof{non]
hfgsf/L lbPsf] 5 . clxn] ;fyL lzIfssf]
dfWodaf6 ufpFufpFdf ;r]tgf km}nfpg]
sfd eO/x]sf] sfof{non] hgfPsf] 5 .
cfocfh{ g sf] sfddf hf] l vddf
k/]sfx?sf] nflu sfof{non] ;~rfng u/]sf]
n3'ljQ sfo{qmdcGt{ut klxnf]k6s &
xhf/ /sd ;]jf ug]{ u/]sf] / To;af6 @^
hgfn] ljleGg lsl;dsf v'b|f k;n,
kmnkm" n k;n, lrof gf:tf k;n,
s'v/' fkfng, afv|fkfng nufotsf sfdx?
u/]/ cfDbfgLsf] ;|ft] a9fPsf] sfo{qmd
;+of]hs tyf ;'k/efOh/ lgzf zfxn]
hfgsf/L lbg'eof] . b'O{ dlxgf klxn]bl] v
efn' j fª, ndxL / t' n ;Lk' / df s] x L
dlxnfx?nfO{ ;Lkd'ns tflndcGtu{t ^
pk–:jf:Yo rf}sL ;}3fsf cx]a uf]kLnfn
jnLsf] g]t[Tjdf $ hgf :jf:YosdL{sf]
6f]nLn] emf8fkvfnfsf la/fdLx?nfO{
kfFrkf]v/Ldf c:yfoL lzlj/ v8f u/L
pkrf/ ul//x]sf] 5 . emf8fkvfnfsf ;a}
la/fdLx?sf] pkrf/ ePsf] / clxn]
emf8fkvfnf lgoGq0fdf cfPsf] lhNnf
hg:jf:Yo sfof{nosf k|d'v s]zj/fh
kl08tn] hfgsf/L lbg' e of] . cf} i flw
pkrf/sf nflu lhNnfaf6 uPsf]
:jf:YosdL{sf] 6f]nL eg] yk la/fdL x'g
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b/fh u|fdL0f a:tLdf a:g] hgtf . k|sf]k km}lng'df /fHo lhDd]jf/ vf]nfsf] 5]p5fp, 3/ cfFugsf] g+= % l:yt afn;]jf lgDg dfWolds ljBfnosf] @ sf]7] ejg
dfgjLo hLjg;Fu k|ToIf ;/f]sf/ 5 . /fHon] hgtfnfO{ :jf:Yo ;]jf j/Lk/L lb;f lk;fj u/]df of] lem+uf, klx/f]n] aufPsf] xf] .
/fVg] / afFRg kfpg] clwsf/af6 pknAw u/fpg ;Sb}GYof] eg] kfgL jf cGo s'g} dfWodaf6 csf]{ Ps dlxgfcl3 dfq ljZj vfB sfo{qmdsf] ;xof]udf g]kfn
;d] t jl~rt x' F b } / dfgj s;nfO{ wfdL, emfFqmLdf ljZjf; JolQmdf ;g]{ u5{ . To;}n] xfdLn] /]8qm; ;f];fO6Ln] ;f] ejg lgdf{0f ul/lbPsf] lyof] . klx/f]n] ejg
;Eotf;Fu 3lgi6 ?kdf hf]l8Psf ug{ /x/ x'GYof] xf]nf / < 3/cfFug ;w} ;kmf /fVg'k5{ . elTsPkl5 ljBfnosf] k7gkf7g cj?4 ePsf] lzIfs xl/k|;fb
:jf:Yo, lzIff, ;]jf ;'ljwf / lj1fg / k|ljlwsf] olt 7"nf] kfgLsf] j/Lk/L lb;flk;fj ug{x' b'F g} . zdf{n] hfgsf/L lbg'eof] . klx/f]sf sf/0f cGo b'O{ ejg klg klx/f]sf]
pkrf/nfO{ ;fdfGo hgtfsf] ljsf; eO;Sbf klg xfd|f u|fdL0f ;8]un]sf] af;Lvfgf vfg' xFb' g} . vt/fdf /x]sf 5g\ . cfly{s >f]t / ef}uf]lns ljs6tfn] ubf{ ;f]
cfly{s kxFr ' / r]tgfsf] kxFr
' af6 a:tLx? emf8fkvfnf, x} h f, kfgL pdfn]/, kf]6f; xfn]/ jf ejg kfvf]df agfOPsf] lyof] . To;}ul/ ;f] uflj;df /x]sf] efg'eQm
6f9f /flvPsf] 5 . cGo If]q h:t} ?3fvf] s L, 6fOkmfO6 h:tf lkmN6/ u/]/ ;kmf kfgL lkpg] dfWolds ljBfno uf/fjfªdf /x]sf] @ sf]7] ejg klg klx/f]n]
of] If]q klg ljkGg u/La / u|fdL0f /f]ux?af6 Hofg u'dfpg' kl//x]sf] ug'k{ 5{ . s'g} klg JolQmnfO{ lbgdf aufPsf] 5 . z'qmaf/ /ftL ! ;o ld6/ dflyaf6 cfPsf] klx/f]n] ubf{
hgtfsf] kxF ' r af6 6f9f /flv 5 . ut;fn emf8fkvfnfn] tLg k6s eGbf a9L kftnf] lb;f ;f] ejg au]sf] ljBfno Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf cWoIf vDa' h};Ln]
;Lldt dfG5]x?sf] sdfO{ vfg] sfnLsf]6, hfh/sf]6 nufotsf ePdf emf8fkvfnf nfu]sf] eg]/ hfgsf/L lbg'eof] . bftfsf] ;xof]udf lgdf{0f ePsf] ejg klx/f]n]
yfxf kfpg ;lsG5 . emf8fkvfnf aufPkl5 k9fO{ cj?4 ePsf] 5 . ejgnfO{ klx/f]n] aufPkl5 ljBfno
dfgjLo hLjg;Fu k|ToIf ;/f]sf/ /fVg] / afFRg kfpg] nfu]sf] JolQm l5§f] sdhf]/ x'g] aGb ePsf] cWoIf h};Ln] atfpg'eof] . ptf Ps ;ftfcl3 cfPsf]
clwsf/af6 ;d]t jl~rt x'Fb} / dfgj ;Eotf;Fu 3lgi6 u5{ . o;sf] sf/0f z/L/df kfgLsf] clj/n aiff{tsf sf/0f b'nL ufla;sf] 5x/fl:yt afn lasf; k|fljsf]
dfqf sd eP/ xf] . To;}n] z/L/df ejg klg klx/f]n] aufPkl5 ljBfyL{x? aflx/ a;]/ k9\g afWo
?kdf hf]l8Psf :jf:Yo, lzIff, ;]jf ;'ljwf / pkrf/nfO{ sd ePsf] kfgLsf] dfqf k"lt{ ug{ ePsf 5g\ .
;fdfGo hgtfsf] cfly{s kxFr' / r]tgfsf] kxFr' af6 6f9f
/flvPsf] 5 . cGo If]qh:t} of] If]q klg ljkGg, u/La /
hLjghn, g' g , lrgL / kfgL
ldnfP/ emf8fkvfnf g/f]lsbf;Dd ;+oQ
' m /fi6«;3+ ;'/Iff kl/ifb\sf] wf/f
u|fdL0f hgtfsf] kxFr' af6 6f9f /fvL ;Lldt dfG5]x?sf]
sdfO{ vfg] efF8f] agfOPsf] 5 eg] csf]t{ km{ 9\ofª\u|f]
vfg'k5{ . w]/} rfk]df pkrf/sf
nflu glhs}sf] :jf:Yo rf}sL jf
d]l8sndf uOxfNg' kb{5 .
!#@% / !*@) sf af/]df 5nkmn
/fwf l/hfn, bfª÷
bfª÷;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3sf] ;'/Iff kl/ifb\af6 k|:tfljt
emf8fkvfnf ;fdfGo / ;lhn} wf/f !#@% / !*@) nfO{ sfof{Gjog ug{sf nflu ;'emfj ;+sng ug{
76fP/ v/fgL dGt/]/, sfNklgs af]S;L, e"tk|t] , d;fg / pkrf/ ug{ ;lsg] /f]u ePklg a'waf/ 3f]/fxLdf Ps lbj;Lo 5nkmn ePsf] 5 . zflGt ;xof]u sfo{
s'v/' f, v;L, af]sf sf6L /utsf] ef]u r9fP/ wfdL, :jf:Yodf Wofg k'¥ofOPg eg] ;d'xsf] ;xof]u Pjd\ lqmofzLn kqsf/ dlxnf bfª zfvfsf] cfof]hgfdf
emfFqmL a;fn]kl5 h:tf];s' } JofS6]l/of / efO/;åf/f o;n] tTsfn} Hofg lng ;S5 . ;DkGg sfo{qmddf ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3, ;'/Iff kl/ifb\af6 kfl/t k|:tfj
To;} n ] /f] s yfd / ;fjwfgL g+= !#@% sf] ;fGble{stfsf af/]df 5nkmn ul/Psf] lyof] .
;+qmldt /f]ux? lgsf] x'G5 eGg] cfWoflTds ;+:sf/af6 ckgfpg'k5{ . cGwljZjf;df k/]/ sfo{qmddf lqmofzLn kqsf/ dlxnf s]Gb|Lo ;ldltsf dxf;lrj
xfd|f] ;dfh dfly p7\g ;s]sf] 5}g . wfdL, emfFqmL sxfF wfpg' xF'b}g . cldsf /fhynfn] cjwf/0ff kq k]; ug'{ePsf] lyof] eg] lqmofzLn
To;n] Hofg hfg klg ;S5 . dfly kqsf/ dlxnfsf cWoIf ;+uLtf nfdfn] ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3 ;'/Iff kl/ifb\
efF8f] agfOPsf] 5 eg] csf]{tkm{ 7fpFdf a:tL g} ;vfk kf/]sf] rrf{ ul/Psf] ;fy} o;af6 aRg k|:tfj g+= !#@% / !*@) sfof{Gjogsf nflu g]kfn ;/sf/ zflGt
9\ofª\u|f] 76fP/ v/fgL dGt/]/, b'Mvsf] cg'e"lt gd]l6b} km]l/ ToxL 3/]n' pkfo ckgfpg ;lsG5 . dGqfnon] tof/ kf/]sf] sfo{of]hgf k|:t't ug'{ePsf] lyof] . ;+o'Qm
sfNklgs af]S;L, e"tk|]t, d;fg lgolt bf]xf]l/b} 5 . kqklqsf / emf8fkvfnf /f]syfd ug{] /fd|f] /fi6« ;+3sf] ;'/Iff kl/ifb\sf] k|:tfj g+= !#@% nfO{ dlxnf clwsf/
/ s'v'/f, v;L, af]sf sf6L /utsf] ;dfrf/x?df cfpFg yfln;s]sf] pkfo Kofhsf] /; jf Kofh} zflGt / ;'/Iffsf] ljsf;df dxTjk"0f{ v'8\lsnf]sf] ?kdf lng] ul/G5 .
ef] u r9fP/ wfdL, emfF q mL 5, Tof] kL8f / b'Mvsf] va/ . vfPklg /f]syfd ug{ ;lsG5 . !#@% n] åGå ;dfwfg / zflGt k|qm[ofsf nflu gLlt lgdf{0fsf x/]s
a;fn]kl5 h:tf] ;'s} JofS6f]l/of kmnfgf] 7fpF d f olt hgfsf] To:t} kxf8df u'/fF;sf] k'mn vfFbf txdf dlxnf ;xeflutf a9fpg], åGåsf] /f]syfd, Joj:yfkg /
/ efO/;åf/f ;+qmldt /f]ux? emf8fkvfnfn] d[To' eof] / olt klg emf8fkvfnf / cfpFaf6 aRg ;dfwfgsf nflu :yflkt /fli6«o, If]qLo tyf cGt/f{li6«o ;+3 ;+:yfsf
lgsf] x' G 5 eGg] cfWoflTds hgf lj/fdL k/]sf 5g\ eg]/ . ;lsG5 . o:tf cg]sf}+ 3/]n' cf}iflw lg0ff{os txdf dlxnfsf] k|ltlglwTj ;'lglZrt ug]{nufotsf ljifox?
;+ : sf/af6 xfd| f ] ;dfh dfly To;} n ] jif{ f tsf] ;dodf 5g\ xfdL;Fu t/ 1fg / k|of]usf] /x]sf 5g\ .
p7\g ;s]sf] 5}g . emf8fkvfnf jf x}hf lsg / s;/L cefj Psflt/ 5 eg] csf]{tl/ !#@% / !*@) sf af/]df 5nkmn x'g'cl3 ePsf] pb\3f6g
dfG5] lj/fdL ePkl5 s'g} nfU5 / o;af6 s;/L aRg ;lsG5 xfdLn] To;df ljZjf; gu/L a? sfo{qmddf af]Ng] jQmfx?n] afnaflnsf / dlxnfx?sf af/]df ;j}
/f]usf] ;+qmd0f ePsf] xf] eGg] < eGg] af/]df Wofg k'¥ofpg h?/L wfdL, emfFqmLlt/ nfUg] u5f}{+ . of] ;+jb] gzLn x'gk' g]{ atfPsf lyP . lqmofzLn kqsf/ dlxnf bfªsf
a'em\ g'kg]{ / cf}iflw pkrf/sf nflu 5 . emf8fkvfnf ;fdfGotM ;a} jiff{tsf] ;dodf :jf:Yok|lt Wofg cWoIf a;'Gw/f uf}tdsf] cWoIftf / k|dv ' lhNnf clwsf/L Clif/fd
:jf:Yo rf}sLlt/ hfg'kg]{df wfdL, ;dodf x'g] u5{ t/ ljz]if u/L gk' ¥ ofpF b f hf] sf] x Lsf] klg 9sfnsf] k|dv ' cfltYodf ePsf] sfo{qmddf k|dv ' lhNnf clwsf/L
emfFqmL, af]S;L, v;L af]sfsf] aln of] cln al9 jiff{tsf] ;dodf emf8fkvfnfn] csfndf Hofg hfg 9sfn, g]kfn kqsf/ dxf;+3 bfªsf cWoIf k|tfk /]UdL, clwjQmf uf]df
h:tf cGwljZjf;L / cj}1flgs km}lnb} k|sf]ksf] ?k lng] u5{ . ;S5 . To;}n] xfdL ;r]t /xFb} dx/f / lqmofzLn kqsf/ dlxnfsf cWoIf ;+uLtf nfdfn] af]Ng'ePsf]
pkrf/sf] ljwLlt/ nfUg] jiff{ t sf] ;do cyf{ t \ c;f/, o;sf] /f]syfdsf] af/]df ;a}n] lyof] . lhNnfl:yt ljleGg ;~rf/dfWofddf lqmofzLn kqsf/ dlxnf,
k/Dk/fut pkfo ckgfpg] ;fpg, ebf}df of] al9 dxfdf/Lsf] Wofg lbg'k5{ . gq km]l/ ut;fnsf] /fhgLlts bn, gful/s ;dfh, dfgjclwsf/sdL{nufot $) a9Lsf]
ul/G5 . clxn] klg xfd|f] ;dfhdf ?kdf km}lng] u5{ . o;sf] ljz]if sfnLsf]6 / hfh/sf]6sf] kL8f ;xefuLtf /x]sf] sfo{qmdsf] ;xhLs/0f lqmofzLn kqsf/ dlxnf bfª
oxL ?9LjfbL k/Dk/f sfod /x]sf] sf/0f jiff{tdf kfgLsf d'n vf]nf o;kfnL klg gbf]xf]l/Pnf eGg zfvfsf ;lrj s'Gtf e08f/Ln] ug'e { Psf] lyof] . k|lzIffyL{ kqsf/
5 . uPsf] ;fn ;fpg ebf}df / lsgf/x? k|b'lift ePdf Ps ;lsGg . ˆ
/f]rs hfgsf/L
ljBfyL{x¿ ;+oQ
' m cfGbf]ngdf
sf7df8f}+÷dft[ kf6L{x¿ ;xdtLo ;/sf/sf] af6f]nfO{ nTofpFb}
ax'dtLo ;/sf/ lgdf{0fsf nflu hf]8 36fpdf nflu/x]sf a]nf ltg}
kflDn6f x'g\ . pgn] cfk\mgf] tL; o; zlQmnfO{ lxGb' x ? ghf]l8sg Pp6f ;fgf] d]6flns
/fhgLlts bn lgs6sf t]x| ljBfyL{ ;ª\u7gx¿n] eg] ;+o'Qm¿kdf
;xsfo{ ug{ yfn]sf 5g\ . dfcf]jfbL, sfª\u; ]| , Pdfn]nufotsf /fhgLlts
bnlgs6 ljBfyL{ ;ª\u7gx¿n] eg] u/La tyf Go"g cfo ePsf
ljBfyL{x¿sf] P;Pn;Lkl5sf] pRr lzIff k9\g] v'8\lsnf]sf ¿kdf
jif{ ;do ;fOqmf] 6 «f] l gs dfgl;s zlQm, lrlgofFx? efO6n j:t' /flvPsf] x' G 5 . To; /x]sf] k|lj0ftf k|df0fkq tx vf/]h ug{] ;/sf/ tyf lqe'jg
h] g ] / ] 6 /dfly latfPsf lyP . zlQm, ;f] l eot j} 1 flgsx? tfdfsf] …6LÚ cfsf/sf] kftf]df ljZjljBfnosf] lg0f{olj?4 ;+o'Qm ¿kdf cfGbf]ngdf pq]/ ljBfyL{
o;kl5 pgn] h]g/] 6] /nfO{ k|fusf] jfof] K nflHds zlQm / r] s qf6s / dfgl;s efjgfåf/f cfGbf]ngdf ;xsfo{sf] ;'?cft u/]sf x'g\ .
k"jL{ efudf /x]sf] x|8s ] qmnf]e j}1flgsx? ;fOsf]6«lgs zlQm rfh{ ul/G5 . rfh{ ePkl5 Tof] ljgf ljsNk k|lj0ftf k|df0f kq tx vf/]h ug{] ;/sf/ / lqe'jg
ljZjljBfnosf ef}lts ljefusf eGb5g\ . lsln{og kmf]6f]u|fkmLsf] h]g]/]6/ rNg yfNb5 . ljZjljBfnosf] lg0f{olj?4 cfGbf]ng/t t]x| ljBfyL{ ;ª\u7gx¿n]
On]S6«fl] kmlhof]nf]lhi6 8f=l;e];n ] L, cfljisf/ ePkl5 afof]KnflHds o; cS;{kmf]8s { f] cf]kmyfldNs pRr dfWolds ljBfno ;'wf/sf] dfu /fVb} ut a'waf/ pRr dfWolds
lkmlhl;i6 8f=lh/L dfSsf], 8f=k/] l] u|g zlQm -;fOsf]6«f]lgs zlQm_nfO{ ;fOsf]6l« gs h]g/] 6] /sf] cfljisf/ lzIff kl/ifb\df ;+oQ ' m ¿kdf 1fkgkq a'emfPsf 5g\ . 1fkgkqdf
/ >Ldfg Pr=s'sl;g;dIf k]z ;a}n] b]Vg ;Sg] agfOlbof] . s;]/ dfgl;s zlQmsf] cl:tTjnfO{ k|To]s ;fd'bflos pRr dfljdf Ps ;ª\sfodf Go"gtd kfFrhgf ljifo
u/] . pgLx?n] b'O{ jif{;Dd o;sf] aGb u/]sf] wft'sf] aS;leq Pp6f k|i6\ofpF5 . k/fdgf]j1} flgsx? o; lzIfs / rf/hgf sd{rf/Lsf] :yfoL b/aGbL sfod ug{k' g]{ dfu ljBfyL{
;ª\u7gx¿n] u/]sf 5g\ . k|To]s lgjf{rg If]qdf k"0f{ ;/sf/L cg'bfg
k/LIf0f u/] . o;} ;dotfsf o; ljB'tLo df]6/dfly 3'Dg] u/L Pp6f k|lqmofnfO{ ;fOsf]sfOgfOl;; k|fKt sDtLdf Pp6f lj1fg ;ª\sfo;lxtsf] ;fd'bflos pRr dflj
oGqnfO{ r]sf]:nf]eflsog Ps]8d] L tLvf] lsnf /flvPsf] x'G5 . To; eGb5g\ . o;nfO{ kbfy{dfly dgsf] x'gk' g],{ pRrdfljdf Jofkf/Ls/0f cGTo ug{k' g]{ / b]ze/sf ;a} ;fd'bflos
ckm ;fOG;sf ljz]if1x?n] klg lsnfdfly Pp6f tfdfsf] kftf] clwsf/ elg k/fdgf]j}1flgs ljBfnox¿sf] :t/f]Gglt u/L pRr dflj ;~rfng ug{k' g]{ dfu u/]sf
k/LIf0f u/] . pgLx? o; k/LIf0faf6 -:6«Lk_ ;Gt'ngdf /flvG5 . o;/L dfGb5g\ . eljiodf o; oGqsf] ljBfyL{ ;ª\u7gx¿n] cfk\mgf] dfu ;fpg ! ut]leq k"/f geP s8f
cfZro{rlst eP ls of] oGq s'g} tof/ ul/Psf] oGq c+uh ]| Lsf] cIf/ cfwf/df …;fOlss ljkG;Ú cyf{t\ cfGbf]ngdf pqg] r]tfjgL;d]t lbPsf 5g\ . t]x| ljBfyL{ ;ª\u7gn]
ljB'tLo dfWodaf6 geO{ dfgl;s …6LÚ h:tf] x'G5 . To; aS;leq dfgl;s xltof/ aGg ;Sg] :ki6 k|df0fkq txdf egf{ vf]Ng dfu ub}{ a'waf/ lqe'jg ljZjljBfno /
zlQmaf6 rNbYof] . Pp6f s' g fdf s] x L;F u klg ;+st] lbPsf 5g\ . lzIff dGqfnodf klg 1fkgkq a'emfPsf 5g\ . ljBfyL{ ;ª\u7gx¿n]
laxLaf/ lqlj;efnfO{ nlIft u/L lj/f]w k|bz{g ;d]t u/]sf 5g\ .
ljljw 1fg–lj1fg
xflb{s awfO{ != g]kfnsf] d?e"ld eg]/ g]kfnsf] d':tfª lhNnfnfO{ lrlgG5 .
@= cd]l/sf OG6/g]zgn skf]{/]zgn] ;+o'Qm /fHo cd]l/sfdf ;j{k|yd
;g !(&! df dfOqmf] k|f];];//sf] cfljisf/ u/]sf] lyof] .
#= cGt/f{li6«o kbs lhTg] klxnf] g]kfnL v]nf8L hLtaxfb'/
nfdf x'g\ .
$= dflg;h:t} xfF:g ;Sg] hgfj/ xfOgf xf] .
dWoklZrdf~rn If]qLo pBf]u jfl0fHo ;+3sf] cfiff9 @^ %= ;xf/f d?e"ld If]qkmnsf lx;fan] em08} o'/f]khqf] 5 . t/,
ut] ePsf] lgjf{rgaf6 t'n;Lk'/ pBf]u jfl0fHo ;+3sf To;kl5sf cGo 7"nf gf}+ d?e"ldsf] If]qkmneGbf ;xf/f d?e"ld
cWoIf bLk]Gb|s'df/ vqL
vqLHo" If]qLo pBf]u jfl0fHo ;+3sf]
ul/dfdo cWoIf kbdf lglj{/fw lgjf{lrt x'ge' Psf]df
PSn}sf] If]qkmn clws 5 .
^= ;f}o{ kl/jf/sf ;Dk"0f{ u|xx? klZrdaf6 k"js
{ f] lbzfdf 3'Db5g\ t/
pxfFnufot pkfWoIf ;'Gb/k|;fb k|wfg, dxf;lrj g/jL/ Psdfq z'qmu|x To;sf] pN6f] lbzf, k"ja{ f6 klZrdlt/ 3'Db5 .
/fjt, If]qLo c~rn ;b:o nfnLdfg a'9f, k|jn &= ljefhgn] dgd'6fj NofpF5 dgd'6fjn] lx+;f lgDTofpF5 . –ljkL
zfxL, /ljnfn g] k fnL, If] q Lo ;b:ox? 6' s f/fd *= olb Pp6f JolQm ;a} aGg rfxG5 eg] Tof] JolQm s]xL aGg
nfld5fg] , s0f{ a xfb' / lji6, /rgf >] i 77nfO{ xflb{ s ;Sb}g . –OR5's
a9fO{ 1fkg ub}{ sfo{sfnsf] k"0f{ ;kmntfsf] sfdgf ub{5f}+ . (= hLjgsf] ;fgf] kn klg d'Nojfg\ 5g\ h;nfO{ s/f]8f}s + f] wg;DklQn]
lji0f's'df/ k'g -dxf;lrj_ klg k|fKt ug{ ;lsb}g . –rf0fSo
t'n;Lk'/ pBf]u jfl0fHo ;+3 kl/jf/ !)= csf{sf] s'/fnfO{ h:tfsf] t:t} efif0f ug]{nfO{ kf]i6 /fO6/
elgG5 .
 jif{ !@, c+s #%, @)^& >fj0f @ ut] cfOtaf/ &

;'wfl/Psf] r'nf]kl| t ufp“nx] ?sf] cfsif{0f ?s'd c:ktfndf vfg]kfgLsf] cefj

zl8NnL/fh b]jsf]6f÷zflGtgu/ ;fy} ;dosf] ;d]t art x'g] jg >LdtL g} r'nf] agfpg] sfo{df z d] u /fh v8\ s f÷?s' d emf8fkvfnfsf la/fdL gcfPklg kl/of/n] elgg\ , …emf8fkvfnf
w' j fF a f6 aRg / bfp/fsf] dxf;+ 3 zflGtgu/ ;+ o f] h s nfUg'ePsf] 5 . pxfFn] dfl;s * lhNnf c:ktfn ?s' d df ;fdfGotM la/fdLx? cfO/x]sf nfu]sf la/fdLnfO{ emg\ a9L kfgL
;d:ofsf sf/0f cfhef] l n r' 8 fdl0f 9sfnn] hfgsf/L xhf/ cfDbfgL x'g] atfpg'x'G5 . vfg] k fgLsf] cefj x' F b f 5g\ . vfgf ksfpgnfO{ kfgLsf] v'jfpg'kg{] xf], kfgL g} 5}g .Ú
;'wfl/Psf] r'nf]k|lt u|fdL0f If]qsf lbg' e of] . ljut s] x L ;do Pp6f r'nf] agfPjfkt jg dxf;+3 la/fdLx?nfO{ ;d:of ePsf] 5 . cefj ePsf] a]nf s'g} lbg t c:ktfndf vfg] k fgLsf]
afl;Gbfx?sf] cfsif{ 0 f a9\ b } cl3b]lv zflGtgu/df ;'wfl/Psf] bfªaf6 % ;o Nofpg] u/]sf] / vfg] k fgL cefj ePkl5 c:ktfnsf sd{ r f/L tyf ;d:ofnfO{ lnP/ ut zlgaf/
uO/x] s f] 5 . vfgf ksfpg r'nf] agfpg yflnPsf] 9sfnn] r' n f] agfpF b f k| o f] u x' g ] c:ktfndf egf{ ePsf la/fdLx?n] ;d]t eg]sf] ;dodf k|x/L, lhNnf c:ktfn ljsf;
;lhnf], bfp/fsf] sd k|of]u tyf atfpg'eof] . xfnsf] nflu ! ;o 58nufot cGo ;fdu|L vl/bdf la/fdLx?nfO{ vfgf ksfP/ vfgf vfg kfpFb}gg\ . c:ktfndf ;ldltsf cWoIf, c:ktfn
w'jfF/lxt x'g] ePsf]n] u|fdL0f ^) j6f agfpg] nIo lnPsf]df @ ;o vr{ eO{ Ps r'nf]af6 ?= # v'jfpg tyf cGo ;/;kmfO{ ug{ kfgL geP/ xf]6]naf6 Ps af]tn sd{ r f/L, /fhg} l ts bnsf
a:tLx?sf ;'wfl/Psf] r'nf] k|of]u ! ;o j6f r'nf] agfO;s]sf] / ;o art x'g] pxfFn] atfpg'eof] . ;d:of ePsf] xf] . la/fdLsf kfgL dfu]/ cf}ifwL vfPsf] vn+uf– k| l tlglw, kqsf/ / :yfgLo
ug{ yfn]sf x'g\ . afFsL agfpg] qmddf /x]sf] pxfFn] To;}u/L r'nf] k|of]ustf{x? klg cfkmGtn] xf]6]naf6 kfgL dfu]/ % df5dLsL la/fdL lvdf rGbn] afl;Gbfx? kfgLsf] d'xfg x]/]/
@)^# ;fnb]lv u|fdL0f If]qdf hfgsf/L lbg'eof] . ufpFn]x?sf] o;af6 w] / } v' ; L b] l vG5g\ . u'hf/f rnfpg afWo /x]sf 5g\ . atfOg\ . c:ktfndf vfg]kfgL kms{]sf 5g\ . d'xfgd} ;fgf] kfgL
;]jf k'¥ofpFb} cfPsf] ;jf{ª\uL0f k'/fgf] ;f]+r kl/jt{g ug{ ;s]df zflGtgu/–* lgjf;L gljgf s];L !% z} o fsf] Ifdtf /x] s f] gx' F b f ;a} e Gbf a9L ;d:of cfpg] ePsfn] xfxfsf/ ePsf]
;fd'bflos ljsf; s]Gb| bfªn] u| f dL0f If] q sf afl;Gbf w] / } cfhef]ln ;'wfl/Psf] r'nf] k|of]u ;Nn] l :yt lhNnf c:ktfndf emf8fkvfnfsf la/fdLnfO{ k/]sf] c:ktfn ljsf; ;ldtsf cWoIf
u| f dL0f If] q sf dflg;x?nfO{ nfeflGjt x'g] pxfFsf] egfO{ 5 . u/]/ w]/} ;lhnf] ePsf] wf/0ff b}lgs tLg bh{g a9L la/fdL 5 . …5f]/LnfO{ emf8fkvfnf nfu]/ wgjL/ cf]nLn] atfP . t/, lhNnf
dWogh/ u/L lgMz'Ns r'nf] lgdf{0f zflGtgu/df r'nf] agfpgsf] JoQm ug{'eof] . ;fy} pxfFn] ;Dk"0f{ cfpg] u/]sf] c:ktfn ;|f]tsf] egf{ u/]sL x'F .Ú b'O{ lbg lx8]/ :jf:Yo k|d'v 8f=ljgf]b lu/Ln]
;] j f lbg yfn] k l5 o;k| l tsf] nflu # hgf jg dxf;+ 3 af6 u|fdL0f If]qaf;LnfO{ ;'wfl/Psf] egfO{ 5 . ut aif{ h :tf] Ps jifL{o 5f]/LnfO{ pkrf/ u/fpg vfg] k fgLsf] ;d:of nfdf]
cfsif{0f emg a9]sf] xf] . tflnd lnP/ ufpFufpFdf r'nf] r'nf] lgdf{0f ug{ cfu|x ug{'eof] . dxfdf/Lsf] ?kdf o; aif{ cfPsL :ofnfvbL–* sL sdnf ;dob]lv em]Nb} cfPsf] atfP .
o; r'nf]sf] k|of]u ubf{ bfp/f agfpFb} cfPsf 5g\ . To;dWo] Ps pxfFdfq geO{ ;do, >dsf] art
sd nfUg], b'O{ j6f eGbf a9Ldf
cfuf] afNg ;lsg], w'jfF sd x'g]
x'g'x'G5, zflGtgu/–* uGbjfsf
emUu'k|;fb s];L . s];Lsf >Ldfg\
ug{ xfdLn] klg w'jfF/lxt r'nf]sf]
k|of]u lsg gug]{ < ;~rf/ If]qdf dlxnfx? hfu?s x'gk' g]{
z ljh' k' g du/÷3f] / fxL af6f] d f cufl8 a9fpg' k g] { lyof] ] . zf/bf zdf{ s f] :jfut
PnhL;Ll8kLsf] %# nfv ah]6 lk|mh
b'Ss /f]sfdu/, 3f]/fxL÷cfly{s jif{ cf/f]k nufpg'eof] . nfv !^ xhf/, xfF;Lk'/, /fdk'/,
;~rf/ If] q df dlxnfx?
hfu?s eP/ Ifdtf clej[ l 4
ug'k{ g]{ wf/0ff Ps sfo{qmddf af]Ng]]
sfo{qmddf af]Ng] jQmfx?n] hf]8
lbPsf lyP . ljefusL ;+of]hs
;'zLnf cfrfo{sf] cWoIftf / g]kfn
dGtJoaf6 z'? ePsf] sfo{qmdsf]
;~rfng a;'Gw/f uf}tdn] ug'e{ Psf]
lyof] . k|lzIffyL{ kqsf/
jQmfx?n] atfPsf 5g\ . g]kfn kqsf/ dxf;+3 bfªsf ;Nnfxsf/
)^^÷)^& sf] nflu PnhL;Ll8kL
;+:yfn] lbPsf]] %# nfv !^ xhf/
xnjf/sf] rd]/] u'kmf k'Ug] ;8s
u|fj]n, :jf:Yo rf}sL lgdf{0f, xfk'/
nIdLk'/sf nflu ljkLdfu{ sne6{
lgdf{0f @@ nfv @# xhf/, xfFl;k'/ kqsf/ dxf;+3 bfªsf] dlxnf /fdk|;fb kf}8n ] sf] k|dv ' cfltYodf ;8s lgdf{0f clGtd r/0fdf
ah] 6 lk| m h ePsf] 5 . dfljdf ejg lgdf{0f, r}nfxL dfljsf] 8f]6v
] f]nf l;+rfO{sf nflu %@ nfv, ljefun] z' q maf/ ;~rf/df ;DkGg sfo{qmddf gful/s ;dfh ?s'd÷÷?s'dsf] jfFlkmsf]6l:yt
pkef]Qmfx?sf] lgis[otf / ;fgf nflu kvf{n, sfnfsf6] u+ufk/:k'/ lemª\gL ;f]tf sne6{ $ nfv ^( dlxnfsf] Ifdtf clej[l4sf nflu bfªsf ;+of]hs l6sf/fd /]UdL, l5gv]t–:ofk"b{ x ;8sv08 lgdf{0f
bnsf] sf/0f sfd x'g g;sL ah]6 af6f] u| f j] n nufotsf cfkm" n ] xhf/, afnljsf; k|flj * nfv ;/f]sf/jfnfx?sf] e"ldsf ljifos g]kfn kqsf/ dxf;+3 bfªsf cWoIf sfo{ clGtd r/0fdf k'u]sf] 5 .
lk|mh ePsf] lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt k|:tfjdf af]8n { ] c;xdlt hgfPkl5 %& xhf/, lgdflj ;tal/of ^ cGtlqm{ o f sfo{ q mddf af] N g] k|tfk /]UdL, k"js{ G] b|Lo pkfWoIf ljk'n ;8s lgdf{0f sfo{ clGtd r/0fdf
af] 8 { ;b:o k| ] d axfb' / yfkfn] xr'jfsf] e/df ah]6 ljlgof]hgsf nfv, wgf}/Ll:yt blnta:tLdf jQmfx?n] To:tf] atfPsf x'g\ . kf]v|]n, nIdL cfrfo{, PsLs[t k' U bf laxLaf/ 8f] h /nfO{
atfpg'eof] . sf/0f lk|mh ePsf] pxfFsf] egfO{ 5 . ljB'tsf nflu # nfv, ;f]gk'/l:yt ;~rf/ If]qdf lqmofzLn /x]sf dfcf]jfbLsf ljZj/fh cfrfo{, :ofk" { t fnl:yt u] : 6 xfp;df
g] s kf Pdfn] s f lhNnf cfkm\gf] k|:tfjdf /fk|kf / hgzlQm sDn/L 5fqjf;sf nflu & nfv kqsf/ dlxnfx?n] ljleGg sfFu;
]| sL clgtf b]jsf]6f, bfª pBf]u ;j{;fwf/0fn] eJo :jfut u/]sf
;b:o;d] t /xg' e Psf yfkfn] kf6L{sf af]8{ ;b:on] c;xdlt u/]sf #( xhf/, wgf{df l8kjf]l/ªsf nflu ;d:ofsf sf/0f Ifdtf clej[l4 jfl0fHo ;+3sf cWoIf rGb|/fh kGt, 5g\ . :yfgLo jfl;Gbfn] 8f]h/nfO{
z'qmaf/ 3f]/fxLdf kqsf/ ;Dd]ng sf/0f ah] 6 lk| m h x' g pxfF n ] !) nfv, :ofNgf] 6]jn ' /fhk'/ & ug{ g;s]sf] wf/0ff /fv]sf lyP . ;~rf/sdL{x? pbo hLPd, u0f]z km"ndfnf / clj/;lxt :jfut
u/L ;+:yfn] lbPsf] @ s/f]8 /sd kqsf/x?;Fu atfpg'eof] . nfv (* xhf/, ;fgf] 6]jn ' a]nf & ;~rf/dfWodn] dlxnfsf] nflu jnL, ;Gtf]if ;'j]bL, lnnf zfx, u/]sf lyP . ;8s lgdf{0f sfo{
;fgf bnx? / /fhfjfbLsf] @ s/f]8 /sddWo] t]/f}6l] :yt nfv (* xhf/ /sd lk|mh ePsf] ;xh jftfj/0f ;[hgf u/L ljsf;sf] lgd';u+ d 3tL{nufotn] af]Ng'ePsf] cfpFbf] ;fpg # ut];Dd ;DkGg
;d:ofsf sf/0f ah]6 lk|mh ePsf] j[4cf>dsf] l8kaf]l/ªsf nflu ! hfgsf/L lbg'eof] . k|=k= eO;Sg] lgdf{ 0 f pkef] Q mf
;dj]bgf ;ldltsf ;lrj xs{l;+x vqLn]
lhNnf k|fljlws sfof{no bfªsf] af]8s
l9sk'/–( d5fO{ lgjf;L l9sk'/ uf=lj=;= ;j{bnLo
{ f ;b:o O{dfgbf/ Pjd\ st{Jolgi7 JolQmTjsf wgL
hfgsf/L lbg'eof] .
cGtlqm{of sfo{qmd ;DkGg
xfn;Ddsf] k|ult ljj/0f lrqaxfb'/ 8f“uLsf] ldlt @)^&÷#÷!( ut] &# jif{sf]
pd]/df lgwg ePsf]df xfdL cToGt ddf{xt ePsf 5f}+ .
t' n ;Lk' / ÷÷t' n ;Lk' / xf] 6 ] n
Joj;foL ;ldlt, t'n;Lk'/ Ok|sf,
zflGt tyf k'gMlgdf{0f dGqfnosf] k'gMlgdf{0{ f tyf k'gM:yfkgf b'Mvsf] o; 38Ldf lbj+ut cfTdfsf] lr/zflGtsf] sfdgf
ub}{ zf]s;GtKt kl/jf/hgk|lt ulx/f] ;dj]bgf k|s6 ub{5f}+ .
t'n;Lk'/ Onfsf k|zf;g sfof{no
/ cGo ;+ 3 ;+ : yfsf] ;+ o ' Q m
sfo{qmdcGtu{t lhNnf k|fljlws sfof{no, bfªaf6 ut ljut lvd]Gb|l;+x v8\sf -uf=lj=;= ;lrj_ cfof]hgfdf cGtlqm{of / kl/rofTds
sfo{qm zlgaf/ t'n;Lk'/df ;DkGg
cf=j=b]lv xfn;Dd ;~rflnt of]hgfx?sf] ljj/0f M l9sk'/ uflj; sfof{no tyf ePsf] 5 . cfof]hs ;ldltsf
l9sk'/ uflj; ;j{bnLo af]8{ kl/jf/ cWoIf nIdLk| ; fb cf] n Lsf]
l;=g+= cfof]hgfsf] gfd ef}lts ;Demf}tf /sd xfn;Ddsf] vr{ l9sk'/, bfª cWoIftf /x]sf] sfo{qmddf k|d'v
uflj; ejgx? k|ult /sd cltly t'n;Lk'/ pjf;+3sf cWoIf
v';Lsf] va/ Û v';Lsf] va/ ÛÛ bLk]Gb|s'df/ vqL, ljlzi6 cltly
!= uf]j/l8xf uflj; ejg k'gMlgdf{0f ;DkGg !%,!),))$.)) !%,*#,$$^.(& Ok|sf t'n;Lk'/sf k|d'v hLjg
@= u+ufk/:k'/ uflj; ejg k'gMlgdf{0f ;DkGg !$,(@,$%@.)) !%,^%,%(%.@! o; ofldgf c6f] js{;k tyf gjb'uf{ c6f]kf6{;n] ljut bz jif{b]lv a' 9 fyf] s L, OGb| d l0f kf} 8 ] n ,
tkfO{x?sf] ;]jf ub}{ cfO/x]sf] 5 . cab]lv gofF 9+un] df]6/;fOsn dd{t ug]{, pjf;+3sf dxf;lrj lji0f's'df/
#= ;f]gk'/ uflj; ejg k'gMlgdf{0f ;DkGg !$,**,!*).)) !$,^(,*%@.&* Ol~hg dd{t ug]{, Water service, Home sarvice sf] Joj:yf k'g, pjf;+3sf sfg"gL ;Nnfxsf/
$= r}nfxL uflj; ejg k'gMlgdf{0f ;DkGg !$,(&,^*@.)) !$,)(,((^.!% ug'{sf ;fy} df]6/;fOsnsf x/]s kf6{;x? ;'ky d"Nodf pknAw u/fOG5 . k|jL0f nd;fnn] af]Ng'ePsf] lyof] .
%= k'/Gwf/f uflj; ejg k'gMlgdf{0f ;DkGg !%,)),&^^.)) !$,#(,$**.@) k|f]=k|]d l8;L ;RofOPsf]
Psk6s ;]jf
^= k~rs'n] uflj; ejg k'gMlgdf{0f ;DkGg !$,*@,!*@.)) !$,#),@@!.^& ug]{ df}sf
ofldgf c6f] js{;k c+s #$ df k|sflzt cfGtl/s /fh:j
t'n;Lk'/–% k'/fgf] a;kfs{, bfª sfof{no bfªsf] s/ a'emfpg] ;DaGwL
&= wgf{ uflj; ejg k'gMlgdf{0f ;DkGg !^,#),!^(.)) !%,^&,))).– lbg'xf];\ . kmf]g )*@–%@@%#@, df]= (*$&*^^)$% cToGt h?/L ;"rgfsf] lzIff ;]jf
*= xfk'/ uflj; ejg k'gMlgdf{0f ;DkGg !$,!*,((!.)) !@,%^,))).– s/tkm{sf] a'Fbf g+= ssf] % k|ltztn]
x'g] /sd x'g]df 5'6 x'g] ePsf]df
(= /fdk'/ uflj; ejg k'gMlgdf{0f ;DkGg !$,&$,(#).)) !%,@%,@(@.(@ cfk\mgf] clwsf/ k|of]u ubf{ ;RofOPsf] 5 .
!)= ;f}l8of/ uflj; ejg k'gMlgdf{0f ;DkGg !%,(%,@%$.)) !%,^%,$%&.%(
!!= xnjf/ uflj; ejg dd{t ;DkGg !,$*,(^).)) !,$*,(%#.)) c?sf] clwsf/k|lt ;hu / cfjZostf Û
b'ud
{ ;d'bfox?df
!@= af3df/] uflj; ejg dd{t qmdfut !,$(,^#).)) !,$(,^@%.(^ ;r]t x'g' c;n gful/ssf] hgr]tgf km}nfpg]
!#= Onfsf jg sfof{no ejg tyf cfjf; bfª ;DkGg ##,^!,%)&.– #@,*&,&*^.–
st{Jo xf] . sfdsf] nflu dlxnf
!$= e"ldut hn>f]t kl/of]hgf ndxL ;DkGg &!,&$,*($.)) ^(,%(,@^).– sd{rf/Lx?sf]
!%= vf=kf=p=;=ejg a]ne'm08L k'gMlgdf{0f ;DkGg $,)@,#)!.)) ^,%@,#)).)) cfjZostf ePsfn]
!^= /fdk'/ s[lif ;]jf s]Gb| ejg k'gMlgdf{0f ;DkGg #&,#$,!(%.)) #!,!#,(#!.#) g]kfn ;/sf/ oyfl;3| ;Dks{
!&= s[lif ;]jf s]Gb| u9jf ;DkGg #,^%,))).– #,^%,))).– ;"rgf tyf ;~rf/ dGqfno ug{x' f]nf .
!*= u9jf uflj; ejg k'gMlgdf{0f qmdfut @),(#,()).– *,&),))).– blnt hfltn] dfq ;Dks{
!(=
@)=
sfe|] uflj; ejg k'gMlgdf{0f
8'?jf uflj; ejg k'gMlgdf{0f
qmdfut !*,(),$().–
qmdfut @!,#$,%)).–
^,)(,&)).–
!#,(#,^)).–
;"rgf ljefu ug{x' f]nf .
tna M cf7 b]lv bz
@!= p/x/L uflj; ejg k'gMlgdf{0f qmdfut @!,#(,))).– %,@&,!)).– xhf/;Dd .
lnnfd a9fa9sf] ;"rgf Û of]Uotf M sDtLdf bz
@@= >LufpF uflj; ejg k'gMlgdf{0f qmdfut @!,#%,&)).– !#,^!,%)).– k|ydk6s ;"rgf k|sflzt ldlt )^&÷#÷#@ ut] sIff kf; u/]sf] .
@#= a]ne'm08L vf=kf=p=;=sfof{no ejg lgdf{0f qmdfut &,!),))!.– &,)*,^@*.– t'n;Lk'/ gu/kflnsfdf /x]sf lgDg lnlvt k|of]udf gcfPsf k'/fgf
;Dks{ kmf]g M
;fdfgx? h] h:tf] cj:yfdf 5g\ ;f]xL cj:yfdf uf]Ko lznaGbL
cf=j=@)^^÷)^& df ;~rflnt ;fgf l;+rfO{ cfof]hgftkm{sf qmdfut of]hgfx? k|lqmofåf/f lnnfd ul/g] ePsfn] OR5's ;+3;+:yf, sfof{no jf 9806247263
JolQmn] k|yd k6s ;"rgf k|sflzt ePsf] ldltn] & lbgleq /Ltk"js {
l;=g+= cfof]hgfsf] gfd ;Demf}tf /sd vr{ o; sfof{nodf cfj]bg lbg'xg' of] ;"rgf k|sflzt ul/Psf] 5 . bfp/f rflxof] eg]
!= cfFvfk'm6L 7'6Lvf]nf l;+rfO{ pk–cfof]hgf p/x/L–% #,@&,(*@.– @,*%,))).– ;fdfgsf] ljj/0f÷kl/0ffd M -!_ l;;d ;fbf s';L{ –!) uf]6f, -@_ :6Ln b/fh xfdL 5“b5
} f}+ .
@= ;'gjiff{ l;+rfO{ pk–cfof]hgf t'n;Lk'/ g=kf=–* #,$@,(&$.– @,*%,))).– –^ uf]6f, -#_ sf7sf] a]~r –& uf]6f, -$_ l6–6]an –@ uf]6f, -%_ s';g s';L{ –$ yfg
zt{x? M != lnnfd a9fa9 ubf{ cfk"mn] ;sf/ u/]sf] ;Dk"0f{ /sd & -;ft_ xfdLsxf“ uf]lnof sf7, l:6k bfp/f
#= k"jL{ xfk'/] l;+rfO{ pk–cfof]hgf k'/Gwf/f–@ *,@*,*(%.– ^,^%,))).– lbgleqdf r'Qmf ul/;Sg'kg]{ 5 . ;'ky d"Nodf kfOg'sf ;fy} u|fxs ju{n]
$= kf]6f}nL, ld/f}nL l;+rfO{ pk–cfof]hgf kjggu/–& #,$@,()$.– @,*%,))).– @= ;fdfg x]g{ rfx]df lhG;L zfvfdf ;Dks{ u/L x]g{ ;lsg] 5 . vl/b ug]{ %) So"lkm6eGbf dflysf]
#= lnnfd a9fa9 ubf{ saf]n c+ssf] !) k|ltzt gub} w/f}6L /fVg'kg]5{ . lr/fg / b'O;{ o s]hLeGbf a9Lsf] l:6k
%= pkNnf]af/L s'nf] l;+rfO{ pk–cfof]hgf xnjf/ * / ( %,^%,#^).– $,&%,))).– bfp/f rfx]df %) k|ltzt ef8fdf
$= a9L c+s saf]n ug]{ JolQmsf] 8f“s :jLs[t eO;s]df af“sL /sd a'emfO{ &
^= x:gfk'/ l;+rfO{ pk–cfof]hgf p/x/L–% x:gfk'/ $,^^,@%).– #,*),))).– -;ft_ lbgleqdf ;fdfg cfk\mg} tkm{af6 p7fO{ n}hfg'kg]5{ . 5'6;lxt ljqmL eO/x]sf] 5 .
k|dv
' %_ tf]lsPsf] ;doleq ;fdfg gp7fPdf w/f}6L /sd hkmt x'g5] .
^_ 8f“s a9fa9 ubf{ Go"gtd d"No ?= %()).– -kf“rxhf/ gf}+ ;o_ b]lv z'? ug{k' g]5{ .
k|f=] lnnfw/ s];L
dfpG6 Pe/]i6 sfi7 pBf]u
lhNnf k|fljlws sfof{no bfª sfo{sf/L clws[t
t'n;Lk'/ gu/kflnsf sfof{no t'n;Lk'/, bfª
t'n;Lk'/–( bf]3/], bfª kmf]g
(*%&*@)!&%
 jif{ !@, c+s #%, @)^& >fj0f @ ut] cfOtaf/ lh=k|=sf=bf=b=g+= @)÷)%%–)%^, bf=lh=x'=b=g+= &÷)%%–)%^ *
/fli6«o ===== & s/f]8 ===== s] tkfO{ S.L.C. df yf]/} gDa/ cfP/ Science ljifo k9\g kfOb}g ls eg]/ lrlGtt x'gx' G5 <
dfu u/]sf] 5 . jg dxf;+3 bfªsf yf?jfg /fHo;ldlt ;b:o zLtn,
cWoIf zf]efs/ ;fksf]6f / ;lrj sf+u;
]| sf t]haxfb'/ a:g]t, Pdfn]sf s] tkfO{ Science k9\g rfx“bf rfx“b} klg ;lSbg ls eg]/ tl;{ge ' Psf] 5 <
x]d/fh zdf{n] lj1lKt lgsfn]/ zf]ef/fd a:g]t, dfn]sf g]qk|sfz
lgs'~h 3f]if0ff lkmtf{ glnP jgsf kf08], /fli6«o hgzlQm kf6L{sf ca 9'Ss x'gx
' f];\ tkfO{sf] ;d:of ;dfwfg xfdL u5f}+{ .
pkef]Qmfx?n] s8f cfGbf]ng ug]{ /f]dxif{ e08f/L, /fk|kfsf If]qaxfb'/ ljut nfdf] ;dob]lv z}lIfs If]qdf sfo{/t o; klAns 1fgHof]lt p=df=lj= t'n;Lk'/n] ljBfyL{sf] rfxgf tyf
r] t fjgL lbg' e Psf] 5 . a:g]t, ;b\efjgfsf cf]dk|sfz cljefjssf] dfunfO{ dWo]gh/ /fVb} bfª lhNnf nufot l5d]sL lhNnfdf /x]sf] lj1fg ljifosf] lzIfsx?sf] cefjnfO{
pkef]Qmfx?n] ;+/If0f u/]sf] jg u'Ktfnufotn] kl/ifb\ ;kmntfsf]
If] q nfO{ lgs' ~ h agfpg' z'esfdgf JoQm ug'e { Psf] lyof] . kl/k"lt{ ug]{ p2]Zon] bfª lhNnfd} klxnf]k6s Ed. Science df egf{ v'ns
] f] ;xif{ hfgsf/L u/fpFb5f}+ .
pkef]Qmfx?sf] xsclwsf/ vf]:g]
sfo{ ePsf] eGb} lj1lKtdf
o;} u /L kl/ifb\ d f 3f] / fxL
gu/kflnsfsf sfo{sf/L clws[t
Ed. Science sf ljz]iftfx?
pkef] Q mfnfO{ clwsf/ ;DkGg xl/k|;fb kf08], gful/s ;dfh != S.L.C. df Math df sdhf]/ @= +2 Ed. Science k9] kZrft\ k|fljlws If]qdf #= Science ljifosf]
u/fpg'sf] ;§f clwsf/af6 jl~rt
u/fpg] sfo{ tTsfn lkmtf{ lng
bfªsf ;+of]hs l6sf/fd /]UdL,
t'n;Lk'/ pBf]u jfl0fHo ;+3sf
tyf O.P.T Math gk9] s f hfg'sf ;fy} lg=df=lj= txsf] Science and Trainer klg x'g
;/sf/sf] Wofgfsif{0f u/fOPsf] 5 . cWoIf lbk]Gb|s'df/ vqL, g]kfn ljBfyL{n] klg k9\g ;lsg] . Maths ljifo k9fpg kfOg] . kfOg] .
dfcf]jfbLn] ========= /]8qm;sf gf/fo0fk|;fb cfrfo{,
klZrd bfª ;/f] s f/ d~rsf k|yd jif{df k9\gk
' g]{ ljifox?
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sfFu|];sf] pQm k|:tfj xfn;Dd s] z j ;fksf] 6 fnufotn] klg
kl/ifb\ ;kmntfsf] z' e sfdgf
!= clgjfo{ English #= Introduction to education / Instructional $= Physics Education
ePsf ;a} ;Demf}tfx?sf] ljk/Lt @= clgjfo{ Nepali Pedagogy %= Biology Education
ePsf] 7x/ ub}{ :yfoL ;ldtLsf] lbg'ePsf] lyof] . gu/kflnsf af]8{
a}7sn] To;nfO{ c:jLsf/ u/]sf] ;b:o s[i0fuf]kfn u'Ktfsf] :jfut
5 . a}7sn] sfFu; ]| / Pdfn]s} sf/0f dGtJoaf6 z'? ePsf] sfo{qmdsf] klAns 1fgHof]lt p=df=lj= t'n;Lk'/df k9fO{ x'g] ;+sfox?
;xdtLo /fhgLltdf cj/f]w k'us ] f] ;~rfng lzjk| ; fb zdf{ n ] 1. Science 2. Management :- Hotel Management, 3. Eeucation :- Opt. 4. Humanities :- Mass Communication
lgisif{ klg lgsfn]sf] 5 . o;}u/L ug'{ePsf] lyof] .
Computer Science, Travel and tourism, English, Opt Nepali and Journalism, Opt, English, Opt.
z' q maf/ a;] s f] dfcf] j fbL
kbflwsf/Lx?sf] a}7sn] sfFu|]; /
dfcf]jfbLåf/f ========= Business Studies, Business Maths Maths, Environmental Education
Pdfn]sf sf/0f /fli6«o ;xdltsf] g] t fx?sf] ;xeflutf /x] s f]
;+o'Qm ;/sf/ lgdf{0fsf] ;+Defjgf lyof] . o;cl3 zlgjf/ a;]sf] l;6 ;Lldt 5
IfL0f ag]sf] 7x/ u/]sf] lyof] . sf+u|]; s]lGbo ;ldltsf] a}7sn]
cfkm\g} g]t[Tjdf ;/sf/ u7g ug{] k|wfgdGqLsf nflu ;+;bLo bnsf "We not only claim but also proved" ;Dks{
sfFu|];sf] lg0f{o / /fli6«o ;xdlt g]tf /fdrGb| kf}8]nnfO{ rog
h'6fpg] kIfdf Pdfn]n] b]vfPsf]
lgliqmotfn] /fli6«o ;xdltsf]
u/]sf] lyof] eg] dfcf]jfbL :yfoL
;ldlt a} 7 sn] k| w fgdGqLsf klAns 1fgHof]lt pRr dfWolds ljBfno
;/sf/sf] ;+Defjgf IfL0f ag]sf]
p;sf] lgisif{ 5 .
nflu kf6L{ leq / aflx/ ljsNk t'n;Lk'/, ^ a?jfufp“ 6f]n, bfª kmf]g M g+= )*@–%@)(%%, (*%&*@!@@&
v'nf ug{] lg0f{o u/]sf] lyof] .
lj/]Gb| pRr df=lj= Eo"8x/ ;'gk'/sf] ;"rgf Û ;"rgf ÛÛ ;"rgf ÛÛÛ ;"rgf Û ;"rgf ÛÛ ;"rgf ÛÛÛ
sIff !! sf] egf{;DaGwL ;"rgf Û g]kfn ;+:s[t ljZjljBfno hgtf ljBfkL7 ljhf}/L bfªdf z}lIfs ;q o; dWoklZrd ;fd'bflos hg:jf:Yo c:ktfn 3f]/fxL bfªdf
@)^^ ;fnsf] S.L.C. k/LIffdf ;lDdlnt eO{ ;kmn x'g] ;Dk"0f{ @)^&÷)^* sf nflu k|jL0ftf k|df0fkq cfo'j]{b -A.H.A._ Pjd\ lj1fg sf7df08f}+sf Go"/f] c:ktfn afF;jf/L k|;'lt c:ktfn yfkfynL, ljgfos
ljBfyL{ efO{alxgLx?nfO{ xflb{s z'esfdgf JoQm ub}{ z}lIfs jif{
pQ/ dWodf -I.Se._ k|yd jif{sf] gofF egf{sf nflu cfj]bg cfXjfg ul/G5 . c:ktfn uf]ª\uj'nufot ljleGg c:ktfndf sfd u/L w]/} cg'ej k|fKt
egf{ sfo{qmd M 8f=k|zfGt zdf{ -MDGP_ åf/f @$ ;} 306f r]shfFr eO/x]sf] xF'bf
@)^&÷)^* sf nflu +2 tkm{ sIff !! df Joj:yfkg (Management), ;dod} df}sfsf] kmfObf lng ;j}df hfgsf/L u/fOG5 .
lzIff (Education), tyf dfgljsL (Humanities) ;d"xx?df egf{ qm=;=+ ljj/0f lj1fg ;+sfo -I.Sc_ cfo'jb{] ;+sfo -A.H.A_
!= egf{ of]Uotf S.L.C. df slDtdf klg S.L.C. df slDtdf klg xfd|f ;'ljwfx? M -!_ @$ ;} 306f Odh]G{ ;L ;]jf -@_ @$ ;} 306f lel8of]
v'Nnf ul/Psf] Joxf]/f ;xif{ hfgsf/L u/fpFb5f}+ . PS;/], O=l;=hL=nufot cGo ;]jfx? -#_ @$ ;} 306f kmfd];{ L ;]jf -$_ @$ ;}
egf{ sfo{qmd låtLo >]0fLdf ptL0f{ låtLo >]0fLdf ptL0f{
306f lj/fdL egf{ ;]jf -%_ @$ ;} 306f :t/Lo Kofyf]nf]hL ;]jf .
@= cfj]bg lbg] clGtd ldlt @)^&÷$÷$ ;Dd @)^&÷$÷@! ;Dd
!= cfj]bg kmf/fd ljt/0f M c;f/ @) ut] b]lv #= k|jz] k/LIff lbg] ldlt @)^&÷$÷% df @)^&÷$÷@% df
;fy} xf8, hf]gL{ tyf g;f, afn/f]u, :qL/f]u, 5ftL, d'6' tyf k]6, kl/jf/lgof]hg;DaGwL
@= sIff ;~rfng M @)^& >fj0f !# ut]b]lv $= k/LIff s]Gb| hgtf ljBfkL7 ljhf}/L s] l Gb| o sfof{ n o
;Nnfx / ;'emfjx? k|bfg ul/g'sf ;fy} xfO8«fl] ;n, kfON; / z/L/sf ljleGg
#= S.L.C. k/LIffdf lgDgfg';f/ >]0fLdf pQL0f{ x'g]nfO{ egf{ tyf c+udf ePsf cgfjZos ufF7fuF7' Lx?sf] klg ck|z] g x'g] ;j}df hfgsf/L u/fOG5 .
dfl;s z'Nsdf lgDgfg';f/ 5'6 . a]ne'm08L bfª cGTodf Psk6s km]l/ ‘xfd|f] k|ltj4tf tkfO{sf] ljZjf;, xfd|f] k|of;Ú
ljlzi6 >]0fL M !))% 5' 6 ., k|yd >]0fL M -&)–&(_% %)% %= k|jz] k/LIff ;do ljxfg M *M )) ah] ljxfg *M)) ah] gf]6 M o; dWoklZrd ;fd'bflos hg:jf:Yo c:ktfn oxL
5' 6 . bf];f| ] >]0fL M -^)–^(_% @%% 5' 6 . k|frfo{ c;f/ @( ut]bl] v lzja:tL 6f]ndf ;/]sf] hfgsf/L u/fpFb5f}+ .
o;} ljBfnoaf6 k|yd >]0fLdf pQL0f{nfO{ dflysf zLif{sdf yk !) k|ltzt 5'6 .
lj:t[t hfgsf/Lsf nflu ljBfnodf ;Dks{ /fVg'xf]nf .
hgtf ljBfkL7 ljhf}/L cGo hfgsf/Lsf] nflu
;Dks{ kmf]g M )*@–%@!!)&, df]= M (*$&*@)*(@ dWoklZrd ;fd'bflos hg:jf:Yo c:ktfn
k|frfo{
3f]/fxL, bfª kmf]g M )*@–%^!^&%
lj/]Gb| pRr df=lj= Eo"8x/ ;'gk'/ /fKtL aaO{ ax'dvL SofDk;
kjggu/–$, bfª kmf]g M )*@–^@)!!^ t'n;Lk'/, bfª pdflj /em]gf bfªsf] egf{;DaGwL ;"rgf
df]= (&$*%)^^#), (*$&*#@(%! egf{ v'Nof] Û egf{ v'Nof] ÛÛ egf{ v'Nof] ÛÛÛ ljut jif{x?df pTs[i6 glthf Nofpg ;kmn o; pRr df=lj
/em]gfdf sIff !! sf] nflu Joj:yfkg÷lzIff tyf dfgljsL ;+sfodf
j}bl] zs /f]huf/sf] ;'j0f{ cj;/ o; jif{sf] P;=Pn=;L= k/LIffdf ptL0f{ ;Dk"0f{ ljBfyL{x?nfO{
xflb{s awfO{ 1fkg ub}{ ljutsf jif{x?df pTs[i6 glthf Nofpg ;kmn, lgDg sfo{qmdsf ;fy egf{ v'n]sf] ;xif{ hfgsf/L u/fpFb5f}+ .
xfn stf/, dn]l;of, s'j]t h:tf ljleGg b]zsf Voflt k|fKt bIf tyf cg'ejL k|fWofksx?åf/f ljBfyL{x?sf] 5gf}6cg';f/ c+uh ]| L egf{;DaGwL sfo{qmd M
sDkgLx?af6 g]kfnL sfdbf/x?sf] dfu eO{ cfPsf] xFb' f hfg rfxg] cfj]bg kmf/fd eg]{ clGtd ldlt @)^& >fj0f ( ut];Dd .
OR5's JolQmx? t'?Gt ;Dks{ /fVg'xf]nf . Pjd\ g]kfnL dfWoddf k|fWofkg u/fOg] o; /fKtL aaO{ ax'd'vL SofDk;
t'n;Lk'/df @)^& ;fnsf] z}lIfs ;qsf nflu sIff !! df dfgljsL, k|j]z k/LIff M @)^& >fj0f !) ut] laxfg & ah] .
b]z sDkgL ;+Vof sfdbf/sf] kb tnj g]=?= vfg÷a:g k/LIffkmn k|sfzg M @)^& >fj0f !! ut] .
stf/ H.B.R.Contracting $& General cf]6L
Joj:yfkg / lzIff ;+sfodf laxfgL tyf lbjf b'j} ;qdf egf{ vf]lnPsf]n]
!(,*)).– 5}g÷5
OR5's ljBfyL{nfO{ SofDk; k|zf;gdf ;Dks{ ug{ ;"lrt ul/G5 . egf{ ldlt M @)^& >fj0f !! ut]b]lv !$ ut];Dd .
Co,W.L.L Helper sDkgLsf] sIff ;~rfng M @)^& >fj0f !% ut]b]lv
dn]l;of ORIENTAL $( Helper !^,))).– 5}g÷5 lgodcg';f/ egf{ sfo{qmd M z'Ns lgwf{/0f M egf{ z'Ns ?= !%)).– / dfl;s z'Ns ?= $)).– dfq
Food progucpion
!_ kmf/fd ljt/0f M @)^& c;f/ @% ut]b]lv k9fO{ x'g] ljifox? M clgjfo{ c+u|]hL / g]kfnL
T @_ k|j]z k/LIff M @)^& ;fpg $ ut] lbp“;f] !!M#) ah] .
dn]l;of PLL.packaging #) Worker !&,))).– 5}g÷5 #_ k|j]z k/LIff glthf k|sfzg M @)^& ;fpg % ut] !) ah] . lzIff ;+sfotkm{ M Joj:yfkg ;+sfotkm{
SDN.BHD
T $_ egf{ ldlt M @)^& ;fpg ^ ut]b]lv . != lzIffsf] kl/ro tyf Pedagogy -clgjfo{_ != clgjfo{ n]vf
s'j]t Marriov Hotel % Waiter @#,^)).– 5÷5 %_sIff ;~rfng M @)^& ;fpg !# ut]b]lv . -tnsf dWo] s'g} @ ljifodfq_ @= n]vf
s'j]t Marriov Hotel !@ Housekeepr @&,))).– 5÷5 T gf]6 M ;fd'bflos ljBfnoaf6 k|yd >]0fL / ;+:yfut ljBfnoaf6 ljlzi6 != c+uh ]| L, @, ul0ft, #= g]kfnL, $= hg;+Vof, #= Business studies
Male/Female %= :jf:Yo zf/Ll/s lzIff, ^= ul0ft, g]kfnL, c+uh]| L lzIf0f
T >]0fLdf ptL0f{ x'g] ljBfyL{x?nfO{ dfl;s z'Nsdf %) k|ltzt 5'6 . cGo hfgsf/L
;Dks{ M k|tLs sG;N6]G;L ;le{; k|f=ln= –k|frfo{ dfgljsL ;+sfotkm{ M ljxfg ^ ah]b]lv !) ah];Dd
t'n;Lk'/–% lj/]Gb|rf]s 3f]/fxL/f]8, bfª -tnsf dWo] s'g} # ljifodfq_ ljBfnodf ;Dks{ /fVg'xf]nf .
kmf]g M )*@–%@!^&#, (*$&(!&&!! != c+u|]hL, @, ul0ft, #= g]kfnL, $= hg;+Vof,
ljBflgns07 SofDk;df egf{ v'Nof] %= :jf:Yo zf/Ll/s lzIff, k|frfo{
j}bl] zs /f]huf/sf] ;'j0f{ cj;/ ljut jif{x?df /fKtL c~rnd} pTs[i6 glthf Nofpg ;kmn
o; ljBfgLns07 ax'd'vL SofDk;sf] p=df=lj= -10 + 2_ tkm{ sIff
gf]6 M ljBfyL{x?sf] dfucg';f/ ;+Vof p=df=lj= /em]gf, bfª
k'u]df cGo ljifo klg /fVg ;lsg]5 . kmf]g M (*%&*#)@)$, (*$&*@&@@%
lgDg b]zx?sf] clt k|ltli7t sDkgLaf6 lgDgcg';f/ sfdbf/x?sf] !! sf] nflu Joj:yfkg, dfgljsL / lzIffzf:q ;+sfodf ljxfgL
dfu eOcfPsf] x'gfn] hfg rfxg] OR5's JolQmn] cfk\mgf] ;SsnL
/fxbfgL;lxt t'?Gt ;Dks{ /fVg'xf]nf .
;qdf egf{ v'n]sf] ;xif{ hfgsf/L u/fpFb5f}+ . k]6, 5ftL, d'6,' Uofli6«s /f]u ljz]if1 / lel8of] PS;/] 8f= cfpg]af/] ;"rgf
5fqj[lQsf] Joj:yf oxL ;fpg % ut] a'waf/sf lbg kNnjL cf}ifwfno t'n;Lk'/ rf]s
b]z sDkgL ;+Vof sfdbf/sf] kb tnj g]=?= ;do vfg÷a:g
stf/ TSC * 306f != *) k|ltzt jf ;f] eGbf dfly c+s Nofpg]nfO{ egf{ z'Nsdf %) 3f]/fxL bfªdf n'lDagL d]l8sn sn]h P08 l/;r{ ;]G6/ kfNkf
!) sf/ jf;/ !$,))).– 5}÷5 k|ltzt 5'6 / dfl;s z'Nsdf ztk|ltzt 5'6 .
stf/ k]6n]« kDk % * 306f tfg;]gsf d]=;'= Uofi6«f]OG6«]nf]lhi6 8f= ;'bz{gnfn k|wfg
k]6f« n
] lkn/ !^,))).– 5}g÷5 @= &) b]lv &( k|ltzt c+s Nofpg]nfO{ dfl;s z'Nsdf %) k|ltzt 5'6 . cfpg] x“'bf Zjf; a9\g], bd, vf]sL, Zjf; km]g{ sl7gfO{, An8 k|];/,
stf/ k]6n]« kDk % uf8L wf]P/ ;'sfpg] !^,))).– * 306f 5}g÷5 #= ^) b]lv ^( k|ltzt;Dd Nofpg]nfO{ egf{ z'Nsdf @% k|ltzt / Uofli6«s, cN;/, dw'd]x, ufgf]uf]nf, af8'NsL cfpg], k]6 kf]Ng], uf]6f
stf/ AL Elalfy !) n]j/ !#,))).– *3=+ OT 5}g÷5 dfl;s z'Nsdf @% k|ltzt 5'6 . kg]{, lbzf sfnf] x'g], d'vdf cldnf] kfgL cfpg], vfg dg gnfUg],
stf/ AL Elalfy & 6fon d]zg !*,))).– * 306f 5}g÷5 $= k|j]z k/LIffdf k|yd x'g]nfO{ egf{ z'Nsdf ztk|ltzt 5'6 . vfgf ckr x'g], lbzf uf]6f kg]{, k]6 k'mlNng], lbzfdf l;ufgh:tf] lkmh
stf/ AL Elalfy & kf]ln; 6fon !*,))).– * 306f 5}g÷5 %= b'u{d lhNnfx?af6 cfpg] ljBfyL{x?nfO{ egf{ z'Nsdf @% k|ltzt 5'6 . cfpg], hl08; / lb;f l5gl5gdf cfpg], hf]gL{ g;f;DaGwL cflb
stf/ AL Elalfy ^ x]Nk/ 6fon d]zg !$,))).– * 306f 5}g÷5 gf]6 M != bfª lhNnfdf kqsfl/tf ljifo k9fO{ x'g] Psdfq ljBfno . k'/fgf]eGbf k'/fgf] ;d:of ePsf lj/fdLx?n] cu|Ld gfd btf{ u/fpg'xf];\ .
kmfOgn cGtjf{tf{ ;fpg !%, !^, !& h'nfO{ @)!) @= Joj:yfkg ;+sfotkm{ ;Lldt l;6sf] nflu c+u|]hL dfWodsf] sIff ;f]xL lbg /]l8of]nf]li6 8fS6/åf/f lel8of] PS;/] ul/g] hfgsf/L
;fy} cGo b]zsf l8dfOG8 klg xfdL;“u 5g\ . ;d]t ;~rfng x'g uO/x]sf] 5 . u/fpFb5f}+ . 6]lnkmf]gaf6 klg gfd btf{ u/fOG5 .
gf]6 M kf;kf]6{ agfpg sf7df08f} hfg]÷cfpg] ef8fsf] Joj:yf egf{ sfo{qmd gf]6 M ;f]xL lbg d'6' Ol;hL ;]jf–k]6sf] cN;/, SofG;/sf]
ul/Psf] 5 . ;fy} cGo ;xof]usf] nflu klg xfdL tTk/ 5f}+ . != kmf/fd ljt/0f M @)^& c;f/ @@ ut]b]lv eO/x]sf] 5 . z+sf nfu]df OG8f]:sf]kL ;]jf klg pknAw u/fOG5 . ;fy}
;Dks{ M b l/e/ cf]e/;Lh zfvf sfof{no @= k|j]z k/LIff M @)^& >fj0f & ut] laxfg * ah] . OG8f]:sf]kL ug{'kg]{ lj/fdLx? vfnLk]6 cfpg'xf]nf .
;Dks{ Mafa nfn tfdfª
;lxbrf]s 3f]/fxL, bfª kmf]g M )*@–%^@%*^ #= k|j]z k/LIffsf] glthf k|sfzg M @)^& >fj0f * ut] .
kxndfg rf}w/L (*$&*@()#(, k|sfz of]uL (*$&*$&**% $= sIff ;~rfng M @)^& >fj0f !@ ut]b]lv
km;{axfb'/ /f0ff–(*$&(%($%# k"0f{ /f]sf, ?s'd (*$&(%*(&^ SofDk; k|d'v kNnjL cf}ifwfno
rGb| k'g, /f]Nkf – (*$&(!!)^%, OZj/ lh;L, Ko"7fg– (*$&*%!&&!, ljBfgLns07 ax'd'vL SofDk; t'n;Lk'/ rf]s 3f]/fxL bfª
rGb| lh=Pd=/f]Nkf (*$&*^$!&! 3f]/fxL, bfª kmf]g M )*@–%^@@#), (*%&*#)!^@, (&$*%)%)%% kmf]g g++= )*@–%^!^*#,df]jfO{n g+= (*$&*$&%@%