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sf7df8f}F . g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{,
g]skf dfcf]jfbL s]Gb|, g]skf PsLs[t
;dfhjfbL / h;kf ldn]/ ;dfhjfbL
df]rf{ u7g u/]kl5 b]zsf] /fhgLlt
t/+lut ag]sf] 5 . ;dfhjfbL df]rf{
u7g ePkl5 cfdqmflGtsf/L
sDo'lg:6, k|ultzLn nf]stGqjfbL,
b]zeQm / cfdhgtfdf pT;fx / gofF
cfzf k}bf ePsf] b]lvG5 eg] bnfn
k'FhLjfbL tTj / ;fd|fHojfbLx?sf]
lglDt df]rf{ u7g 6fpsf] b'vfO{sf]
ljifo ag]sf] 5 . To;}n] pgLx?n]
‘;fd|fHojfbsf] lgb]z{ gdf g]kfndf lgd{d kmf;Ljfb nflb“b5} ’
sf7df8f} F . g] k fn sDo' l g:6
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;fd|fHojfbsf] lgb]{zgdf g]kfndf
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u/]sf 5g\ . g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{sf]
s]Gb|Lo sfo{no a'4gu/df dª\naf/
cfof]lht hgkqsf/ ;+u7g g]kfnsf]
d'vkq …hgkqsf/Ú sf] ljdf]rg ub}{
@)*) ;fn ;fpg & ut] cfOtaf/ (July 23, 2023)
;dfhjfbL df]rf{lj?4 ljleGg xs{t
ub}{ laleGg e|d 5g]{ k|of; ul/Psf]
b] l vG5 . ;+ ; bLo Joj:yfsf]
c;kmntfsf] sf/0f b]z / hgtfdfly
rf}tkmL{?kdf ;+s6 cfOnfu]kl5
To;sf] ;dfwfgsf nflu g]kfn
sDo'lg:6 kf6L{, g]skf dfcf]jfbL s]Gb|,
g]skf PsLs[t ;dfhjfbL / h;kf
ldn]/ ;dfhjfbL df]rf{ u7g u/]sf
x' g \ . t/, of] b] z L – ljb] z L
;fd|fHojfbsf bnfn / k|ltqmofjfbL
tTjx?nfO{ ;}Xo x'g] ljifo ePg .
dxf;lrj ljKnj ;Ln] ;f] 7f]sj' f
u/]sf x'g\ .
ljdf]rg sfo{qmdnfO{ ;Daf]wg
ub}{ dxf;lrj ljKnj ;Ln] cd]l/sL
;fd| f Hojfbn] g] k fndf Pd;L;L
h'g;'s} xfntdf sfof{Gjog ug{
g]kfndf cfˆgf ljZjfl;nf] Ph]G6 v8f
u/]sf] atfpFb} eg]– …;fd|fHojfbn]
To;}n] pgLx? ;dfhjfbL df]rf{lj?4
laif adg ul//x]sf 5g\ .
o; ljifodf g]skf dfcf]jfbL
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df] r f{ at{ d fg /fhgLlts ;+ s 6
lgjf/0fsf] nflu u7g ul/Psf] xf] .
t/, of] sof} ;fd|fHojfbL bnfnx?nfO{
dg kl//fv]sf] 5}g . h'g kl5Nnf] ;do
;+rf/ dfWoddf 5tf5'n ePsf] 5 .Ú
pgn] cufl8 eg]– …cfˆgf] :jfy{sf]
lglDt ;a} dfcf]jfbLx?nfO{ Ps x'g
glbg] h'g qmflGt, kf6L{, b]z / hgtf
clxn]s} ;/sf/n] Pd;L;L sfof{Gjogdf
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u8a9 b]lvof] eg] tL ljZjfl;nf
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kmf;Ljfb nfb]/ b]znfO{ g} /0fe"ld
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5 . e"d08nLs[t ;fd|fHojfbsf]
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dxf;lrj ljKnj ;Ln]
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ljdf]lrt hgkqsf/n] ;"rgf k|jfx
ug{ dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf lgjf{x ug]{
ljZjf; JoQm ub}{ eg]– …ljBdfg
;+;bLo Joj:yf, ;fd|fHojfb /
k| l tudgsf lj?4 xfd| f ] kf6L{
nl8/x]sf] 5, To;nfO{ k/f:t kfg]{
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lglZrt 5 . jt{dfg /fhgLlts
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ug{s' f] lasNk 5}g . To;}n] ;dfhjfbL
df]rf{nfO{ eTsfpg cg]s hfnem]n ug]{
;fd|fHojfbsf bnfnx?nfO{ g]kfnL
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otf, g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{sf
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qmflGtsf/L sDo'lg:6 kf6L{ g]kfn
kl/Tofu ug]{ g]tf–sfo{stf{sf] nsf]{
sf7df8f}F . qmflGtsf/L sDo'lg:6
kf6L{ g]kfn kl/Tofu ug]{ g]tf–
sfo{stf{sf] nsf]{ nfu]sf] 5 . ;f]
kf6L{sf dxflwj]zg cfof]hs ;ldlt
;b:o;lxt lhNnf ;]qm]6/L txsf
g]tfx?n] k|]; lj1KtL hf/L ub}{
PstfkZrft\ kf6L{leq bfz{lgs,
;}4flGts, j}rfl/s tyf ;+u7gfTds
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;fd'lxs /fhLgfdf lbPsf 5g\ .
;fd'lxs /fhLgfdf lbg]x?df ;f]
kf6L{sf dxflwj]zg cfof]hs ;ldlt
;b:o df]xg lnDa", ! g+= k|bz
] ;ldlt
;b:o tyf qmflGtsf/L o'jf lnu
g]kfnsf s]Gb|Lo ;lrj /ljg lnDa",
qmflGtsf/L zlQmx?nfO{ Pstfa4
agfO{ ;dfhjfblt/ n}hfg ;dfhjfbL
df]rf{ ag]sf] atfPsf 5g\ . g]kfn
sDo'lgi6 kf6L{sf] s]Gb|Lo sfof{no
a'4gu/df d+unaf/ cgf}krfl/s
s'/fsfgLsf qmddf k|jQmf k|sf08 ;Ln]
;dfhjfbdf hfg @))^ ;fnb]lvsf
;a} qmflGtsf/L sDo'lgi6x¿ Pstfj4
x'g'kg]{ atfPsf x'g\ .
k|jQmf k|sf08 ;Ln] g]kfndf bnfn
k'h
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bnfn k'h F LjfbL Joj:yf kl/jt{gsf nflu
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ag]sf] atfP . clxn] ;dfhjfbL df]rf{
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-af“ s L clGtd k] h df_
nflu g]kfnsf ;a} zlQmx? ;dfhjfbL
df]rf{df cfpg'kg]{ atfp5g\ . pgn]
b] z nfO{ cu| u fdL lgsf; lbg
;dfhjfbL df]rf{ u7g ePsf] eGb} of]
df] r f{ n ] sDo' l gi6 / cu| u fdL
zlQmx?sf] Pstf / /fli6« o
:jfwLgtfsf] /Iff ug]{ p2]Zo lnPsf]
;d]t atfP .
dxf;lrj ljKnj ;Ln] eg]
æ;dfhjfbL df]rf{df ;a} sDo'lgi6 /
cu|ufdL zlQm cfpg' k5{ . xfdLn]
-af“ s L clGtd k] h df_
! g+= k|bz
] ;ldlt ;b:o tyf kf6L{sf
ef]hk'/ lhNnf ;]qm]6/L w|j' /fh /fO{, !
g+= k|bz
] ;ldlt ;b:o tyf kf6L{sf
wgs'6f lhNnf ;]qm]6/L cfnf]s >]i7, !
g+= k|bz] sld6L ;b:o r'gf v'nfn
sfsL{, # g+= k|bz
] sld6L ;b:o tyf
tfdfª /fli6«o d'lQm df]rf{sf s]Gb|Lo
pkfWoIf ljho :ofª\tfg /x]sf 5g\ .
qmflGtsf/L sDo'lg:6 kf6L{df
PstfkZrft\ kf6L{leq Jofks c;Gt'li6
r'lnPsf] 5 . Pstf k|lqmof k"/f gx'bF }
Pp6f kIfn] tTsfnLg ax'dt ;d"x
hLljt /fv]sf] 5 . pQm kIfn] ax'dt
lj36g gePsf] a? wd]G{ b|–;'bz{g df]xg
-af“ s L clGtd k] h df_
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✍ ;DkfbsLo
– s= dfcf]T;] t'ª
;+3if{sf cfofdx?
hLjgsf] kof{o xf] ;+3if{ . x/]s
lbg ;+3if{ . ;fFem laxfg ;+3if{ .
b]zsf] /fhgLlts, cfly{s, ;fdflhs / ;f+:s[ltsnufot ;Dk"0f{ r'Nxf]rf}sf ;+3if{ . v]tLkftL ;+3if{ .
ufF; af; ;+3if{ . lnglbg ;+3if{ .
If]q lbgk|ltlbg b"lift aGb} uPsf] 5 eg] /fi6«, /fli6«otf / hghLljsfdfly k|d
] df ;+3if{ . >Ldfg\–>LdtL ;+3if{ .
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e|i6frf/, dxFuL, sfnf]ahf/L, a]/f]huf/L, clgoldttf, ;]l6Ë, 3';vf]/L, klxn] cfk"mnfO{ abn clg ;dfh
gftfjfb, s[kfjfbn] ;Ldf gf3]sf] 5 . h;sf] k'li6 xfn} Ps;o ;'g abn . ca cfkm\g} ;+3if{sf] ofqf ;'?
u/f}+ . k"af{4df cefadf ;+3if{ . hLjg
a/fdb k|s/0f, nlntf lgjf; k|s/0f, e'6fgL z/0ffyL{sf gfddf ePsf] lhpgsf] nflu ;+3if{ . cWoogsf]
7uLwGbfnufot Pg;]n k|s/0f, afn'jf6f/ hUuf k|s/0f, :jf:Yo ;fdu|L nflu ;+3if{ . v]tL nufpg ;+3if{ .
vl/b -cf]DgL_ 3f]6nf sf08, ;]So'l/6L lk|lG6ª k|;] vl/b k|s/0f, u'0f:t/xLg hLjgsf] x/]s df]8df ;+3if{ . d]/L
cfdf ;+3if{zLn . cfdf;Fu} lhpg
dn vl/b k|s/0f, gf/fo0flx6Lleq} xf]6n / /]i6'/G] 6 vf]Ng lbg] -atf; 3if{ . afp gePsf] cj:yfdf cfdf
;d"x_ k|s/0f, ## lsnf] ;'gsf08, jfO8a8L hxfh sf08, /]n ljefu d]/f] cleefjs . cfdf ;Fu} ;+3if{ .
k|s/0f, olt ;d"x sf08, lul/aGw' l6–:6]6sf] hUuf laqmL sf08, k':ts clg d]/f] dfjnL xh'/ af cleefjs .
/ ljB'tLo ;jf/Ldf s/, rsn]6df eG;f/ 5'6 sf08, sflnu08sL xh'/ af ;fydf k7gkf7gdf ;+3if{ .
;dflhs sfddf ;+ 3 if{ . O{ t /
8fOe;{gsf] k|s/0f, kKk' sG:6«S;g sf08, ;f+;b ckx/0f, vl/b–laqmL ju{lj?4 ;+3if{ . ;fdGtLla?4 ;+3if{ .
sf08, cj}w ¿kdf r'g pTvgg\nufot ofjt\ k|s/0fn] k|dfl0ft ub{5 . r'gfjdf ;+3if{ . k|wfgk~rsf] ckm/df
otf, hgtf ljQLo ;+:yf, n3'ljQ / ld6/AofhLsf] cft+saf6 qflxdfd lt/:sf/ . r'gfj alxisf/df ;+3if{ .
5g\, dxFuLn] hgtfsf] r'nf]rf}sf] aGb x'g] l:ylt ag]sf] 5, ls;fgn] ;dodf ;+;bLo lgjf{rgdf efu lnFbg} eg]/
;+ 3 if{ . ;+ ; bLo lgjf{ r gdf b' O {
dn–aLp kfPsf 5}gg\, nDkL l:sg /f]usf sf/0f ls;fgsf] uf]7 l/lQPsf] tl/sfn] efu lng] s'/f ePg . Pp6f
5 . kLl8tn] plrt / ;dodf Gofo kfPsf 5}gg\ . zflGt ;'/Iff Psfb]zsf] t lzIfssf] gftfn] . csf] { xf]
sxfgL ePsf] 5 . ljsf; lgdf{0fsf sfo{ 7Kk ePsf 5g\ . b]z cfGtl/s k'hF LjfbL r'gfjdf efu glng] eg]/ .
k~rfotL Joj:yfdf e"ldut g/x]sfn]
?kdf sdhf]/ ePsf] 5 eg] j}bl] zs x:tIf]kn] v'nf ?k lnPsf] 5 . htf bh{gf}F k6s k'ln; rf}sLdf xf];\ jf
x]¥of] pt} eb|uf]nsf] l:ylt 5 . t/, o;df ;/sf/ / ;+;b\jfbL bn / g]tfnfO{ vnËf ;b/d'sfd k'ln; yfgfdf . b'O{
s'g} lrGtf / rf;f] 5}g . pgLx? b]zdf cfˆgf] n'6sf] :ju{ sfod /fVg dlxg] lzIfs x8\ t fndf lzIfs
sDd/ s;]/ nfu]sf 5g\ . oL ;a} x'gd' f s'g} /fhgLlts bn / g]tfeGbf klg ;+u7gsf cWoIfnfO{ xf]Og dnfO{ g}
lukm\tf/ u/]/ k'ln; 7fgfdf nu]sf]
Joj:yf g} bf]ifL xf] . ha;Dd ;+;bLo Joj:yf /xG5, ta;Dd b]z / hgtf lyof] . dnfO{ To;a]nf kL8f xf]Og
oxL uf]nrSs/df km:g'sf] ljsNk 5}g . uj{sf] cg'e"lt lyof] . zfg lyof] .
t;y{, b]z / hgtfnfO{ of] bn–bnaf6 kf/ nufpg ;+;bLo Joj:yfs} dfg lyof] . 3/df ;;fgf s]6fs]6L .
ljsNk vf]Hg'kg]{ ;do cfPsf] 5 . o:tf] l:yltdf g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{, cfdfn] sfFwdf ;a} sfdsf] ef/L
af] S g' k Yof] { . >LdtL;F u ;fdGtL
g]skf dfcf]jfbL s]Gb|, g]skf PsLs[t ;dfhjfbL / h;kf ldn]/ u7g ;F:sf/la?4 ;+3if{ . kl5Nnf] ;do
u/]sf] ;dfhjfbL df]rf{df cfdqmflGtsf/L sDo'lg:6, k|ultzLn nf]stGqjfbL, >LdtL jfdkGyLdf ?kfGt/0f . To;}n]
b]zeQm cfa4 x'bF } ;+;bLo Joj:yfsf] lasNk vf]Hg' clgafo{ ePsf] 5 . kl/jt{g / ?kfGt/0fsf] nflu cfdfsf]
e"ldsf / >LdtLsf] ;xfg'e"lt /x]sf]
b]z / hgtfnfO{ jt{dfg /fhgLlts ;+s6af6 d'Qm kfg]{ nIosf ;fy u7g lyof] . d 7fpF–7fpFsf :s'ndf uP/
ePsf] ;dfhjfbL df]rf{df cfˆgf] bnsf] nIo b]zdf ;dfhjfb :yfkgf cWofkg sfo{ uy]+{ . ;+u7gsf] sfddf
ug]{ /x]sf tdfd /fhgLlts bn ;fd]n x'g} k5{ / ToxL df]rf{sf] andf b]zdf Jo:t x'Gy]+ . d}n] z'?df cWofkg ug]{
j}1flgs ;dfhjfb :yfkgf ug{s ' f] ljsNk 5}g eg] ;dfhjfbL df]rf{dfkm{t\ laBfno Ko"7fg /ftdf6f d'lQm dflj
xf] . hxfF d}n] k9]sf] lyPF . :s'nsf]
;dfhjfb :yfkgf ug]{ /fhgLlts bnsf] nIonfO{ k"/f ug{ cfd;r]t lasf;sf] nflu dfl8vf]nf uP/ rGbf
gful/s;d]t sl6a4 / k|lta4 x'gs ' f] ljsNk 5}g . lsgls ;+;bLo Joj:yf ;+sng ul/GYof] . ejg lgdf{0fsf]
lj36g u/]/ j}1flgs ;dfhjfb :yfkgf gu/];Dd b]z / hgtfsf] d'lQm
;Dej 5}g . km]l/ klg b]z / hglxtsf] kIfdf l;Gsf];d]t efFRg g;Sg] ‘ljZjn] cem} rsf]{ udL{sf] ;fdgf ug{k' 5{’ g]kfn ‘u|] lni6’df kg{af6 hf]luof] Û
;+;bLo Joj:yfsf] uf]nrSs/df km:g] xf] eg] b]z / hgtfsf] eljio rf}k6 sf7df8f}F . ;+oQ' m /fi6«;‹n] pQ/L
x'g] lglZrt 5 . t;y{, cfdqmflGtsf/L, k|ultzLn, ;Rrf nf]stGqjfbL uf]nf4{sf b]zx? a9\bf] tfkqmdaf6
bn, g]tf / ;r]t gful/sx? ;dfhjfbL df]rf{df ;fd]n x'gk} 5{ / oxL cfqmfGt eO/x]sf a]nf ljZjn] cem}
tLj| udL{sf] ;fdgf ug{ tof/ /xg'kg]{
df]rf{sf] anaf6 ;+;bLo Joj:yfsf] h/f] pv]n/] b]zdf j}1flgs ;dfhjfb r]tfjgL lbPsf] 5 . ;+oQ' m /fi6«;‹sf]
:yfkgf ug{' k5{ . cfhsf] cfjZostf, ;dosf] dfu / hgrfxgf klg oxL ljZj df};d lj1fg ;Ë7gsf] ljZj
5, r]tgf eof . tfkdfg j[l4 dfldnf jl/i7 ;Nnfxsf/
hf]g gfo/gn] h]ge] fdf
g]skfsf dxf;lrj ljKnj ;Låf/f g]tf l8aL ;LnfO{ ;Ddfg kqsf/x¿;Fu eg], æoL
36gfx¿ tLj| t fdf
sf7df8f}F . emG8} #) dlxgf kl5 kqmfp u/]sf] lyof] . emG8} #) dlxgfb]lv a9\ b } hfg] 5 g\ /
l/xf ePsf g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{sf g]tf sf/fuf/ /x]sf pgnfO{ xftxltof/ tyf ljZjn] yk tLj| udL{sf]
tyf df]/ª lhNnf tTsfnLg OGrfh{ l8aL v/vhfgf, ckx/0f / st{ J o nflu tof/L ug{
;LnfO{ g]skf dxf;lrj ljKnjn] :jfut Hofg;DaGwL d'2f nufOPsf] lyof] . cfjZos 5 .Æ
pQ/L uf]nf4{df
yk pRr tfkqmdsf]
;fdgf ul//x]sf] a]nf
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sf/0f u|L;sf] ;d'b|L
lsgf/sf] l/;f]6{ glhs} /x]sf Ps
xhf/ @)) afnaflnsfnfO{ ;'/lIft
:yfgdf :yfgfGt/0f ug{k' /]sf] o"/f]kn]
dËnaf/ hgfPsf] 5 . :jf:Yo
clwsf/Lx¿n] pQ/L cd]l/sfb]lv
o'/f]k / Pl;of;Ddsf dflg;x¿nfO{
hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf sf/0f ljZj
tfkdfgdf j[l4 eO/x]sf] atfpFb}
tyf ;Ddfg u/]sf 5g\ . kf6L{ sfof{no ;/sf/ / g]skfaLr tLg a'bF ] ;xdlt k|z:t kfgLsf] ;]jg ug{ / 3fdsf]
a'4gu/df cfof]lht hgkqsf/ ;+u7g eP/ zflGtk|lqmof cufl8 a9] klg cem} k|ToIf ;Dks{af6 ;'/lIft /xg cfu|x
g]kfnsf] d'vkq …hgkqsf/Ú ljdf]rg g]skf ;Da4 tLg bh{g a9L g]tf– u/]sf 5g\ .
sfo{qmddf g]tf l8aL ;LnfO{ ;Ddfg sfo{stf{ 5'6s] f 5}gg\ eg] g]skfsf gfo/gsf cg';f/ udL{sf] k|sf]k
tyf clegGbg ul/Psf] xf] . ;+vj' f;ef g]tfx¿dfly /fhgLlts cf:yfsf] ;a}eGbf 3fts k|fs[lts vt/fdWo]
lhNnfsf] dflj gu/kflnsf j8f g+= $ cfwf/df nufOPsf d'2fx? ;/sf/n] Ps xf] / k|To]s jif{ xhf/f}+ dflg;n]
lgjf;L g]tf l8aL ;LnfO{ @)&& ;fn vf/]h ug]{ ;xdltsf] sfof{Gjog ;d]t /f] s yfd ug{ ;lsg] udL{ ; F u
df3 & ut] ;'g;/Lsf] O6x/Laf6 k|x/Ln] ePsf] 5}g . ;DalGwt sf/0fn] Hofg u'dfO/x]sf
nflu ySn]gLsf] agaf6 sf7 NofO{Yof] .
kl5 ;/sf/n] ;LcfO{8L k7fPsf]
k|wfgfWofksnfO{ c;xof]u ug{ %–^
lzIfsn] /fhLgfdf lbPsf lyof}+ .
dnufot % hgfnfO{ Ko"7fg lhNnfdf
g} k9fpg aGb]h u/]sf] lyof] lhNnf
;/sf/n] . t/ xfdLnfO{ /fhLgfdf ug{
pTk| ] l /t ug] { / of] h gf a' G g]
sDo'lgi6sf tTsfnLg xflsdn] xft
emk]Gb|/fh a}B
xNnfpFb} :s'ndf k9fpg uPsf] b]Vbf
cfZro{ nfu]sf] lyof] . of] wf]sf lyof]
t/ qmflGt ;a}sf] nflu lyof] . b]zsf
nflu lyof] . d vl6g} /x]F . kl5 xfdL
^ hgf lzIfs dWo] sf]xL laBfno
lg/LIfs eP eg] sf]xL nf]= ;]=
cfof]uaf6 ;'Aaf ePsf lyP . d eg]
)## )#$df ;Nofg sf/fuf/df Ps
jif{sf] nflu aGbL agfOP . ;+3if{sf]
sf/0f cWofkgsf] aGb]h km's'jf
ePsf] lyof], @)#^ sf] hgcfGbf]ng
kl5 . To;}n] dnfO{ :yfO{ lzIfs x'g
Ps jif{ hlt s''g'{ k/]sf] lyof] . d
/ftdf6f ePsf] cj:yfdf le+u[sf
laBfyL{x?n] c+u|]hL lzIfssf ?kdf
dnfO{ Nofpg x8\tfn u/]sf lyP .
dfucg';f/ d uPF . le+u[ uP/ @)#*
df :yfoL ePsf] lyPF . o; s''/fdf
Ko"7fg d/+7fgfsf 7fg]bf/ dfgaxfb/
s];L / cd/ dfla le+us [ f] cWoIf
xf]daxfb'/ /f]sfofsf] ;bf;otf lyof]
k'ln; l/kf]6{ ldnfpg . To;kl5 @)#(
;fndf cfkm\g} 7fpF /ftdf6fdf cfP/
k9fpg yfn]+ . o; a]nf :jk|c
jL/axfb'/ l;+xsf] ;xfg'el" t /x]sf] lyof] .
5g\ . a9\ b f] zx/Ls/0f, pRr
tfkqmdsf] r/d ;Ldfdf j[l4 / j[4
hg;+ V of ePsf b] z x¿df
hg;f+lVosLo kl/jt{gsf sf/0f tLj|
ultdf a9\b} uPsf] :jf:Yo hf]lvd
udL{ xf] .
gfo/gsf cg';f/ ;g\ !(*) sf]
bzsotf pQ/L uf]nf4{df PSsf;L
udL a9\g] qmd 5 u'0ffn] a9]sf] 5 .
æof] k|jl[ Q 36\g] s'g} ;Í]t b]lvPsf]
5} g ,Æ pgn] eg] . ut xKtf
8An'Pdcf]n] cTolws udL{sf] r]tfjgL
/ k/fdz{n] ;+o'Qm /fHo cd]l/sfdf
!) s/f]8eGbf a9L dflg;nfO{ ;d]6s ] f]
atfPsf] lyof] . o' / f] l kog :k] ;
Ph]G;Ln] O6fnLsf] l;l;nL / ;fl8{lgof
6fk'df $* l8u|L ;]lN;o; -!!* l8u|L
km/]gxfO6_ sf] pRr tfkqmd x'g]
cg'dfg u/]sf] 5 . ;+o'Qm /fi6«;‹Lo
df};d lgsfosf cg';f/ ;g\ @)@!
df l;l;nLdf ;a}eGbf pRr $*=*
l8u| L ;] l N;o; tfkqmd dfkg
ul/Psf] lyof] .
To;cl3 d l5d]sL #–$ lhNnfdf klg
cWofkg sfo{df xflh/ ePsf] lyPF .
;fy} ;+u7gsf] sfddf klg .
d]/f] hLjgdf ptf/–r9fj cfPsf]
5 . ;Fu} Pp6} ;+u7gdf sfd u/]sf
;fyL dGqL k|wfgdGqL ePsf 5g\ .
s k'iksdn bfxfn k|r08 cWoIfsf]
;fydf d s]Gb|Lo ;Nnfxsf/ /x]sf]
lyPF . To;a]nf bh{gf}+ ;Nnfxsf/ /fVg]
rng lyPg . kl5 s df]xg a}B
ls/0f;Fu d ;Nnfxsf/df hf]l8PF .
clxn] eGg' k bf{ s g] s kfsf
dxf;lra;F u hf] l 8Pssf] 5'
;Nnfxsf/df . d]/f] ;+3if{ oyfat g}
/x]sf] 5 . hLjgsf] pQ/fw{df d
Go"/f]sf] sf/0f lxF88"n ug{ g;Sg] eP/
sf7df8f}Fdf a;f]af; ul/a;]sf] 5' .
t/, n]vgaf6 cGofola?4 ;+3if{
ul//x]sf] 5' . d}n] ^) – &) sf]
bzs;Dd ;flxTosf] ;fwgf u/]F . *
– !) j6f sLlt{ k|sfzg u/]sf] 5' .
%\ – ^ j6f klqsfsf] ;Dkfbs /
xhf/f}+ n]vx? xf]nfg\ d}n] ;"rgf
laefudf k]z u/]/ kqsfl/tfsf]
nfO;]G; NofO;s]sf] cj:yf 5 .
kl5Nnf] ;do a"9\of}nLsf] sf/0f
nfO;]G; l/Go" ug{ 5f8]sf] 5' . kqsf/
dxf;+ 3 af6 dnfO{ jl/i7
;flxTosf/sf] ;Ddfg lbPsf]df d
uf} / jflGjt ePsf] 5' . o;} u /L
k|ultzLn n]vs ;+3af6 d}n] k|; ] Pd;L;Lsf] la/f]w ;ef ePsf] lyof] .
:jtGqtf ;]gfgLsf] ;Ddfg kfP/
uj{sf] cg'el" t u/]sf] 5' . o;df jl/i7
kqsf/ k|eft rnfpg]sf] 7"nf] of]ubfg
/x] s f] 5 . al/i7 kqsf/
rnfpg] h LnfO{ xflb{ s wGojfb .
hgo'4sf] ;dodf d dfgaclwsf/
;]jf s]Gb|sf] cWoIf eP/ sfd u/]sf]
lyPF . o;} qmddf d}n] vn+uf lhlj;
xndf @)) hlt ;]gf k|x/Lx?nfO{
b'O{ k6s;Dd dfgjclwsf/;DaGwL
k|lzIf0f lbg] ca;/ kfPsf] lyPF .
#–# 306fsf] k|lzIf0f . le+u[ uP/ klg
k|lzIf0f lbg] cj;/ h'6]sf] lyof] .
axfg] hfg] klg ;do h'/]sf] lyof] .
% – & hgfsf] dfgjclwsf/sf]
uHhasf] l6d lyof] . o;df lza/fh
k+l8t, /fds[i0f zdf{, bLks v8\sf,
sf7df8f} F . g] k fn ;DklQ
z'4Ls/0fsf] hf]lvdk"0f{ d'n'sdf kg]{
;Defjgf tTsfnsf nflu 6/]sf] 5 .
kmfOgflG;on PS;g 6fS; kmf];{ -
PkmPl6Pkm_ cGtu{ t sf] Pl;of
Kofl;lkms U?k -PkLhL_ sf]
Sofg8fdf ePsf] @# cf} jflif{s
a}7sn] g]kfnnfO{ tTsfn u|] lni6df
g/fVg] lg0f{o u/]sf] atfOPsf] 5 .
g]kfnnfO{ u|] lni6df kg{af6 hf]ufpg
PkLhLsf] a}7sdf efu lng g]kfn
/fi6« a} + s sf ueg{ / dxfk| ; fb
clwsf/Lsf] g]t[Tjdf @* ;b:oLo
6f]nL Sofg8f uPsf] lyof] .
PkLhLn] ;g\ @)@$ sf]
cS6'a/;Dd tf]lsPsf ;a} k|fjwfg
sfof{Gjog ug]{ zt{df g]kfnnfO{ u|]
lni6df g/fv]sf] xf] . h'nfO{ ( b]lv
!$ ;Dd ePsf] PkLhLsf] a}7sn]
g] k fnnfO{ ;g\ @)@$ sf]
cS6'a/;Dd df}sf lbPsf] xf] . of]
cjlwdf g]kfnn] PkmPl6Pkmn] eg]sf
6+saxfb'/ v8\sf, wd{/fh k+l8t,
bfdf]b/ kf]v|]n cflb :jtGqtf, Gofo
/ zflGtsf nflu . klxn] hgo'4df
dfgjclwsf/sf] dxTj lyof] . o;df
w]/} ;xefuL eP . t/, cfhsn o;sf]
dxTj /fv]sf] kfOFb}g .
d]/f] k|d'v rf;f]sf] ljifo eg]sf]
/fhgLlt xf] . cfk"m pDd]bjf/ gp7\g]
t/ c?nfO{ p7fpg] . Ko" 7 fgdf
df]xglaqmd l;+x g]tT[ jsf] d;fnaf6
xl/ cfrfo{, gj/fh ;'ab] L tyf bLks
s];LnfO{ ;+;bLo ;b:odf p7fP/
ljho u/fPsf] tfhf ;+:d/0f 5 .
To; kl5 clxn] ; Dd r' g fjdf
nfluPsf] 5}g . o; c;kmn ;+;bLo
Joj:yfaf6 hgtfsf hghLljsf
;d:ofx? ;dfwfg x'g ;Sb}g eg]/
lgjf{rgnfO{ alxisf/ ub}{ cfPsf]
cj:yf 5 . ;+ ; bLo Joj:yfdf
bnfn g]tf pTkfbg x'G5g\ . bnfn
g]tfx?n] g} Pd;L;L leqfPsf x'g\ .
ca P;kLkL klg qmdzM cfpFb}5 .
lxhf] c;f/ #) ut] cd] l /sg
;xfos lab] z dGqL 8f] g fN8 n"
cfPsf 5g\ . pgn] Pd;L;L
sfof{Gjog ug{ sfof{no :yfkgf ug]{
ePsf 5g\ . o;df bnfnx?n]
;xof]u ul//x]sf 5g\ .
:d/0f 5 ljut v'Nnf d+rdf
g] s kfsf] g] t [ T jdf Pltxfl;s
Pd;L;Lsf] la/f]wdf ufpF / zx/
hg;fu/ pn] { s f] lyof] . clxn]
ufpFzx/ Pd;L;L la/f]w sfo{qmd
eO/x]sf] 5 . ld6/Aofh]nfO{ sf/afxL
ul/Psf] 5 . ld6/Aofh]nfO{ lg:t]h
kfg{ law] o s kf; ul/Psf] 5 .
e"dflkmof / zf]if0fsf] ;zSt la/f]w
ul/Psf] 5 . !@ jif{df vf]nf klg
kms{G5 eG5g\ . clxn] s k|r08af6
ca}wflgs wGbf ug]{nfO{ e6fe6
sf/afxL ul/Fb5 } . o;df ;a}sf] ;fy
/ ;xof]u cfjZos 5 . o;}sf] nflu
clxn] ;dfhjfbL df]rf{ u7g ul/Psf]
5 . b'O{ k6s a}7s al;;s]sf]
cj:yf 5 . cu| u dgsf] nflu
PsLs[t hgqmflGt hf/L 5 . j}1flgs
;dfhjfb o;sf] nIo 5 .
…l/Sjfo/d]G6Ú k"/f ug{k' g]5
{ . Sofg8f
hfg uPsf] ;d" x df k| w fgdGqL
sfof{ n osf ;lrj pbo/fh
;fksf]6f, sfg'g dGqfnosf ;lrj
wg/fh 1jfnL;lxt g]kfn /fi6«
a}+ssf a}+s ;'kl/j]If0f ljefu k|d'v
b]js'df/ 9sfn, ljQLo cg';Gwfg
OsfOsf k|d'v bL3{axfb'/ /fjn,
g]kfn lwtf]kq af]8{sf cWoIf /d]z
xdfn, lwtf]kq af]8{sf sfo{sf/L
lgb]{zs d'lQmgfy >]i7 lyP . To:t}
pQm l6ddf k|wfgdGqL sfof{nosf
;x;lrj, cy{ dGqfnosf ;x;lrj,
dxfGofoflwjQmf sfof{ n osf
pkdxfGofoflwjQmf, s] G b| L o
cg';Gwfg ljefusf k|ltlglw, ;Dklt
z'4Ls/0f ljefusf k|ltlglw, km};nf
sfof{Gjog OsfOsf k|ltlglw, g]kfn
lwtf]kq af]8{ cWoIf, g]kfn aLdf
k|flws/0fsf cWoIf, g]kfn k|x/Lsf
k|ltlglw;lxt k//fi6« dGqfnosf
k|ltlglwx? klg /x]sf lyP .
 @)*) ;fn ;fpg & ut] cfOtaf/ 3

kf6L{x?df p7]sf] ;+u7g ;'b[9Ls/0fsf] k|Zg

g] k fnsf ljleGg /fhgLlts yfn]sfn] kf6L{sf] cg'zf;g / cfbz{ xfn g]kfnsf] /fli6«o /fhgLltdf ;d]t klg ePg . cfk"m kbdf k'Ugsf nflu hf] k~rfot sfndf cEof; ul/Psf] cfjfhsf af/]df ;a} lqmofzLn
bnx?df kl5Nnf lbgdf kf6L{ ;+u7g x/fpFb} uPsf] k|Zg klg p7fP . To:tf] cj:yf b]lvof] . g]kfnsf d'Vo– /fhgLltnfO{ bfpdf nufpg];Ddsf k|hftGqeGbf k[ys b]lvg ;s]sf] bnx?sf aLrdf 5nkmn ug]{ /
;'b[9Ls/0fsf] ;jfn uDeL/?kdf sltkon] a}7sdf cfkm\gf] /fhgLlts d'Vo /fhgLlts kf6L{x? cf–cfkm\gf] sfdx? eP . :jfy{ d f nflu 5}g . xfn b]zdf h'g ;/sf/ 5, ;f] c g' ; f/ cfk" m x?nfO{ kl/:s[ t
p7]sf] 5 . g]t[Tj aflx/sf g]tf tyf lns 5f8]sf] sf+u|];nfO{ s;/L ;xL kf6L{sf] d"No, dfGotf / cfbz{cg';f/ /fhgLlts?kn] lakIfLx?;Fu unf To;n] klg ;dfhdf ljleGg agfpFb} nfg] ;+:s[ltsf] ljsf; g} x'g
sfo{stf{x?n] cf–cfkm\gf] kf6L{sf] af6f]df Nofpg] eGg] ?kfGt/0fsf] rn] s f] eP xfnsf] h :tf] ljb] z L ldnfP . To;}sf] kl/0ffd:j?k cfh lsl;dsf e| d x? lbO/x] s f] 5 . ;s] s f] 5} g . To:tf] ;+ : s[ l tsf]
klxrfg vf]Hg yfn]sf 5g\ . g]kfnsf cWoog k|ltj]bgg} a'emfPsf lyP . x:tIf]ksf] s6' cg'ej ul//xg' kg]{ kf6L{n] cfkm\gf] k'/fgf] lns 5f8\of] . g] t fx?sf] lglxt :jfy{ s f nflu :yfkgfsf nflu klg ;+3if{ ug'k{ g]{
sltko kf6L{sf g]tfx? kl5Nnf] ;Qf :jfy{ / ljb]zLsf] bnfnLsf nflu lyPg . sltkon] t ljb]zLx?sf] ca To;nfO{ ;xL lnsdf Nofpgsf ljrf/sf] kvf{n gf3]sf] eGg] s'/fx? cj:yf 5 . w]/}n] cg'ej u/]sf] s'/f
;dodf ;Qfd'vL / ljb]zk/:t x'Fb} kf6L{sf] ljrf/ / k4lt lauf/]sf] eg]/ ;xhtfs} nflu b]zsf] /fhgLlt nflu kf6L{sf] g]tT[ jdf Aofks kl/jt{g p7]sf 5g\ . h;n] g]kfnsf] /fli6«o xf] clxn] b] z rf} t kmL{ ;+ s 6df
hfFbf pgLx?sf] kf6L{ ;+u7g nyflnË g]sf+sf s]lGb|o ;b:ox?n] g]t[Tjsf] lg/Gt/ wldNofpg] u/] s f] klg ug'k{ g]{ 68\sf/f] cfaZostf b]lvPsf] /fhgLltnfO{ lbgk|ltlbg cljZj;gLo km;s]sf] 5 . cem eGg] xf] eg] s]xL
5 . bnx?n] ;a{;fwf/0f hgtfnfO{ agfpFb} nu]sf] 5 . )$^ ;fnsf] zlQmx?sf sf/0f km;fOPsf] 5 .
8f= s]zj b]jsf]6f cfslif{ t ug{ s f nflu ljleGg
lsl;dsf gofF–gofF cfsif{s gf/fx?
kl/jt{g clwsf] g]kfnsf] sDo'lgi6
kf6L{sf] ;fdflhs k|efj / cfhsf]
/fhgLlts lbzfxLgtfsf] cj:yf 5 .
cfly{s, ;fdflhs / ;f+:s[lts ;+s6
kl5Nnf] ;dodf eGg] ul/Psf] nf]stGq gfd lbO/x] s f 5g\ . t/, bnx?sf]
sfo{lbzf, gLlt, l;4fGtg} cJojl:yt
cj:yfnfO{ bfFh/] x]g{] xf] eg] w]/} s'/fx?
:ki6 x'g k'Ub5g\ . lxhf]sf] k|ltalGwt
a9\bf] 5 . kl5Nnf] ;dodf b]zs}
cl:tTjdfly k|Zgx? p7\g yfn]sf
dfqsf] 5 . hf] k~rfot sfndf cEof; /x]sfn] pgLx?sf] gf/fn] dfq hgtfdf cj:yfdf ;d]t hgtfdf /fd|f] k|efj 5g\ . ;Qfsf nflu ljrf/laxLg
cfsif{0f lbg ;s]sf] 5}g . g]kfnsf sfod ug{ ;kmn bnx? cfh v'Nnf u7aGwg agfpg]x?n] g]kfndf a9\bf]
ul/Psf] k|hftGqeGbf k[ys b]lvg ;s]sf] sDo'lgi6x?n] cfkm\gf] ;dfhsf] au{ /fhgLlts kl/a] z df lsg ljb]zL x:tIf]ksf la?4 u7aGwg
laZn]if0f ug{ 5f8] . cem eGg] xf] cljZj;gLo aGb} u}/x]sf 5g\ < of] agfpg ;Snfg < uDeL/ vfnsf
5}g . xfn b]zdf h'g ;/sf/ 5, To;n] klg eg] To:tf k|of;g} e}/x]sf 5}gg\ . ;a} bnsf nflu vf]hLsf] ljifo ePsf] k|Zgx? pl7/x]sf 5g\ . ;a} kf6L{n]
h;n]ubf{ k|wfg zq' / ldq'sf] klxrfg 5 . hf] h;n] ;Qf k|fKt u/]sf 5g\ o:tf k|Zgx?sf] pQ/ cfkm\g} kf6L{leq
;dfhdf ljleGg lsl;dsf e|dx? lbO/x]sf] / e]b x'g 5f8]sf] 5 . kl5Nnf] pgLx?sf nflu ;a} lsl;dsf vf]h'g . To;kl5 dfq ;a} kf6L{ cf–
5 . g]tfx?sf] lglxt :jfy{sf nflu ljrf/sf] ;dodf k|d'v bnx? Ps k|sf/n]
k~rfotsfnLg au{ ;dGjosf] dfu{df
qmflGtx? ;DkGg eO;s] eGg] 5 .
hf] ;Qf aflx/ 5g\ p˜gLx?sf nflu
cfkm\gf] kf6L{sf] ljwfgcg';f/ cufl8
a9\ g ;Ifd x' G 5g\ . kf6L{ s f]
kvf{n gf3]sf] eGg] s'/fx? p7]sf 5g\ . lxFl8/x]sf 5g\ . cem} hgqmflGtsf] cfjZostf /x]sf] ;'b9[ Ls/0f x'G5 . ;d:of w/ltdf 5,
To;}u/L kl5Nnf] ;dodf eGg] 5 . b]zdf nf]stflGqs u0ftGq /x]sf] ;dfwfg cfsfzdf vf]h]/ s]xL klg
h;n] g]kfnsf] /fli6«o /fhgLltnfO{ lbgk|ltlbg cljZj;gLo agfpFb} ul/Psf] nf]stGq gfd dfqsf] 5 . eGg] ul/P klg hgtfaf6 p7]sf x'gj] fnf 5}g .
nu]sf] 5 . )$^ ;fnsf] kl/jt{g clwsf] g]kfnsf] sDo'lgi6 kf6L{sf]
;fdflhs k|efj / cfhsf] cj:yfnfO{ bfFh/] x]g{ ] xf] eg] w]/} s'/fx? g]skfsf g]tf zLtn ;Låf/f ljBfnonfO{ hUuf k|bfg
sf7df8f} F . g] k fn sDo' l gi6 xf}+ . t/, o;sf] ljsNkdf xfdLn] k|wfgfWofks s[i0ff cf]nL v8\sfn]
:ki6 x'g k'Ub5g\ . lxhf]sf] k|ltalGwt cj:yfdf ;d]t hgtfdf /fd|f] kf6L{sf kf]ln6Ao'/f] ;b:o anaxfb'/
-lztn ;L_ n] ?s'd klZrdsf] Ps
hgo'4df ufpFufpFdf hgtfsf] ;Qf
lgdf{0f u/]sf xf}+ . hgtfn] a'em]sf
atfOg\ . pgn] elgg\– …ljBfno
:yfkgf pxfFs} hUufdf ePsf] xf] t/
k|efj sfod ug{ ;kmn bnx? cfh v'Nnf /fhgLlts kl/a]zdf lsg ljBfnonfO{ hUuf k|bfg u/]sf 5g\ . 5g\ xfdL s] Wj:t kfb}5 { f}+ / s] lgdf{0f Tof] hUuf ljBfnosf] gfddf gfd;f/L
g]tf lztn ;Ln] lqa]0fL ufpFkflnsf– ub}{5f}+ . lzIff klg b'O{yl/sf] eof] ePsf] lyPg . clxn] pxfFn] @)%@
cljZj;gLo aGb} u}/x]sf 5g\ < of] ;a} bnsf nflu vf]hLsf] ljifo # ?s' d klZrdl:yt >L o' j f To;}n] la/f]w ul//x]sf 5f}F . xfd|f] ;fndf ljBfno :yfkgf ubf{ bfg
hghfu/0f dflj em'Ng]6fnfO{ ;/sf/L rfxgf g]kfndf ;a}sf 5f]/f5f]/Ln] u/]sf] hUufdf c? @) ld6/ hUuf
ePsf] 5 . hf] h;n] ;Qf k|fKt u/]sf 5g\ pgLx?sf nflu ;a} lsl;dsf d"Nocg';f/ !@ nfv a/fa/sf] hUuf Pp6} lzIff k9\g kfpg'k5{ . lzIff yk u/]/ ljBfnosf] gfddf gfd;f/L
lgMz'Ns x:tfGt/0f u/]sf x'g\ . /fHosf] bfloTj x'g'k5{ eGg] xf] .Ú ul/lbg' ePsf] xf] .Ú ljBfnosL
qmflGtx? ;DkGg eO;s] eGg] 5 . hf] ;Qf aflx/ 5g\ pgLx?sf nflu ?s' d sf] vf/fdf hlGdPsf g] t f /fhgLlts k|;u+ hf]8b\ } lztnn] eg]– k|wfgfWofkssf cg';f/ afnljsf;b]lv
lztnn] hgo'4 z'? ePsf] jif{ @)%@ …/fHo;Qf ab\lnPg To;}n] csf]{ Pp6f sIff !@ ;Dd k7gkf7g eO/x]sf] pQm
cem} hgqmflGtsf] cfjZostf /x]sf] 5 . b]zdf nf]stflGqs u0ftGq ;fndf :yfkgf ePsf] pQm lg0ff{os lab|f]xsf] tof/L ul//x]sf ljBfnodf %&) hgf ljBfyL{ /x]sf
/x]sf] eGg] ul/P klg hgtfaf6 p7]sf cfjfhsf af/]df ;a} lqmofzLn ljBfnonfO{ cfˆg} ufpFsf] hldg bfg
u/]sf x'g\ . pgn] dfnkf]t sfof{no
5f}F . xfdLn] ;fdGtjfbnfO{ t ldNsfof}F
t/ To;sf] 7fpFdf bnfn k'FhLjfb
5g\ eg] !& hgf lzIfs sd{sf/L
5g\ . k|wfgfWofks s[i0ff cf]nL v8\sfn]
bnx?sf aLrdf 5nkmn ug]{ / ;f]cg';f/ cfk"mx?nfO{ kl/:s[t agfpFb} ?s'd klZrddf k'uL ljBfno :yfkgf cfOk' U of] . clxn] s f] ;+ ; bLo ljBfnodf hUuf ck' u ePkl5
x'Fbf ;xof]u u/]sf] hUufdf yk c? Joj:yf;Fu g]kfnL hgtf ;Gt'i6 g]skfsf g]tf lztnn] bfg u/]sf]
nfg] ;+:s[ltsf] ljsf; g} x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . To:tf] ;+:s[ltsf] :yfkgfsf hUuf;lxt ljBfnosf] gfddf hUuf 5} g g\ . xfdL hgtfsf] c;nL hUufsf] If]qkmn a/fa/ hUufnfO{ ^)
kf; ul/lbPsf] atfPsf 5g\ . k| l tlglwTj ug] { dfG5] ePsfn] nfvdf vl/b u/]sf] ;d]t atfOg\ .
nflu klg ;+3if{ ug'k{ g]{ cj:yf 5 . ljBfno :yfkgfsf] lglDt k|d'v ax';+Vos hgtfn] c:jLsf/ u/]sf] pgn] yk elgg\– …xfdLn] lztn ;/sf]
kxnstf{ s f] ?kdf ;d] t /x] s f Joj:yf / ljZjd} ;+s6u|:t eO/x]sf] hUufsf] If]qkmnsf] hUuf c? JolQmaf6
ePsf] cj:yf 5 . kl5Nnf] ;dodf s6' cfnf]rgf u/]sf] kfOPsf] 5 . b]lvPsf] 5 . pgLx?n] b]zsf] /fli6«o g] s kfsf g] t f lztnn] cfk" m n] ;+;bLo Joj:yfsf] ljsNkdf j}1flgs rngrNtLsf] d"Nocg';f/ ^) nfvdf
s]xL kf6L{x?n] cfkm\gf] zlQm 5 eg] To;}u/L c;f/ @( ut]b]lv s]jn /fhgLlt wldNofpgsf nflu sltko ljBfnonfO{ hUuf ;xof]u ug{ kfpFbf ;dfhjfbsf nflu PsLs[ t vl/b u/]sf xf}+ . pxfFsf] hUufsf]
h] u/] klg x'G5 eGg] dfGotfnfO{ tLg lbgsf nflu eg]/ af]nfO{Psf] c:qx? k|of]u u/]sf 5g\ . To;}u/L cGToGt v'zL ePsf] atfP . hgqmflGtdf lxF8s ] f 5f}F . xfdLnfO{ kb, d"Nof+sg klg ToxL a/fa/ x'g] xf] t/
g]kfnL ;dfhdf :yflkt u/fpg ;Qf?9 PsLs[ t ;dfhjfbLsf] b]zsf] cfly{s cj:yf ;+s6k"0f{ 5 . pgn] eg]– …d cToGt v'zL 5' . k} ; f, s' ; L{ s] x L rflxPg s] a n pxfFn] ;/sf/L d"Nof+sgsf] cfwf/df
vf]Hbf clwsf+z kf6L{sf g]tf tyf ;lrjfno a} 7 s klg kf6L{ s f] s'g} klg kf6L{sf] /fhgLlt cyf{t ;dfhdf z}lIfs r]tgfsf] hfu/0f hgtfsf] Joj:yf gNofP;Dd ofqf hUuf pknAw u/fpg' ePsf] 5 .
sfo{stf{x?df :j]R5frf/L k|al[ Q a9]/ ;'b9[ Ls/0fsf] ljifon] nlDaof] . ToxfF ljrf/ ;xL 9+un] cufl8 ga9]kl5 ug],{ ;fdflhs lje]bsf] lj?4df n8\g] /f]lsFb}g .Ú of] sfdn] ;dfhdf lgs} ljBfno kl/jf/ pxfFsf] sbdn] k|;Gg
uPsf] xf] . vf;df ;a} sfd / klg kf6L{ ;'b9[ Ls/0fs} s'/fn] ;do cfly{s l:ylt klg 7Ls 9+un] cufl8 r]tgf km}nfPsf] ljBfnonfO{ ;xof]u ;sf/fTds / u'0ffTds qmflGtsf/L 5 . ;dfhdf pxfFh:tf c;n lgotsf
s'/fx?sf cfcfkm\gf ;Ldfx? x'G5g\ . lnPsf] b]lvPsf] 5 . ;lrjfnosf a9\ b f] /x] g 5 eGg] s' / f b] z sf]
Tof] ;Ldf gf3]/ uPkl5 b'3{6gfdf clwsf+z ;b:ox?n] kf6L{sf] ljwfg ;d;fdlos cj:yfn] :ki6 u/]sf]
kl/G5 . ToxL ;Ldf lgwf{/0fsf nflu tyf ljrf/ / gLlts} ljifodf s'/f 5 . To;}u/L /fhgLlts / cfly{s
kf6L{x?n] cf–cfkm\gf] kf6L{sf] ljwfg p7fPsf] b]lvof] . t/, g]tT[ jn] To;sf] b"/fj:yf a9]kl5 ;fdflhs cj:yf
/ gLlt tyf sfo{qmdx? tof/ u/]sf plrt hjfkm eg] lbg ;ls/x]sf] 5}g . klg v:s]/ hfFbf]/x]5 . g]kfnsf]
x'G5g\ . ;f] ljwfg / gLlt tyf o;cl3 ePsf cGo kf6L{sf a}7sdf kl5Nnf] /fhgLlts kl/l:yltn]
sfo{qmdcg';f/ cufl8 a9]df kf6L{ klg kf6L{sf] l;4fGt / ;Ldfx?s} pk/f]St s'/fx?sf] k'li6 u/]sf] 5 .
cfkm\gf] nIfdf k'Ug ;S5 eGg] cf+sng ljifodf k|Zg p7]sf] b]lvPsf] lyof] . To;}n] x/]s kf6L{sf a}7sx?df kf6L{sf]
ul/Psf] x'G5 . t/, kl5Nnf] ;dodf kl5Nnf] ;dodf g] k fnL :ki6 gLlt, sfo{ q md /
clwsf+z bnx?n] cfkm\gf] kf6L{ / /fhgLltdf sDo'lgi6 / sf+u; ]| kf6L{sf] sfo{lbzf;lxtsf] nIo lgwf{/0fdf hf]8
/fhgLltsf] d"No, dfGotf / cfbz{ e]b x/fpFb} uP klg ;a} kf6L{leq lbg] u l/Psf] kfOG5 .
gf3]/ sfd ug{ yfn]sf sf/0f xfnsf] cfkm\gf] kf6L{sf] ljrf/ / ljwfgsf ;}4flGts÷j}rfl/s / sfo{qmlds
cj:yfdf sf] sf+u|]; / sf] sDo'lgi6 bfo/fx?sfaf/] d f uDeL/?kn] lx;fan] kf6L{ sdhf]/ aGb} uPkl5
eg]/ 5'6o\ fpg;d]t s7Lg x'g] cj:yf k'g/ljrf/ ug'k{ g]{ cfjfhx? p7]sf cGo s'g} klg s'/fx? lgoGq0fdf
l;h{gf ePsf] 5 . cem ut d+l;/ 5g\ . kl5Nnf] ;dodf k|foM 7"nf cfpg ;Sb}gg\ eGg] s'/f k'/fgf
rf/sf] lgjf{rgsf] k|rf/sf qmddf kf6L{x?n] cfcfkm\gf] kf6L{sf] ;+u7g cg'ejx?n] klg :ki6 u/]sf 5g\ .
s]xL g]tfx?n] t dtbftf dfem k'u]/ ;'b9[ Ls/0f cleofg ;~rfng ug]{ Ps k|sf/n] eGg] xf]eg] kl5Nnf lbgdf
sDo'lgi6 / sf+u; ]| eg]sf p:t} kf6L{ k|of; u/] . t/, Tof] ;kmn x'g ;s]g . g]sf+ / Pdfn];lxtsf k|foM ;a} ubf{ v';L gx'g] s'/f ePg . xfdL k|efj kf/]sf] ;d]t g]tf lztnn] dfG5] klg 5g\ eGg] dx;'; u/]sf
x'g\eGb} Ps csf{nfO{ ef]6 dfu]kl5 To;}n] sltko g]tfx?sf nflu cfkm\gf] kf6L{x? tby{jfbdf rn]sf] cj:yf slxNo} klg r]tgfsf] lj?4df lyPgf}+ atfP . ljBfnonfO{ hUuf bfg ug]{ 5f}F .Ú k|wfgfWofks cf]nL v8\sfsf
hg:t/df x/]s kf6L{sf ljwfg, gLlt cl:tTj s;/L hf]ufP/ /fVg] eGg] 5 . ca pgLx?nfO{ cf–cfkm\gf] a? xfdL r]tgf km}nfpFb} lje]bsf g]skfsf kf]ln6Ao'/f] ;b:o lztn ;L cg';f/ ljBfnodf zf}rfnosf] ;d:of
/ l;4fGtdfly cljZjf;sf] l;h{gf 7"nf] ;d:of k/]sf] b]lvPsf] 5 . kf6L{nfO{ k'/fg} lnsdf Nofpgsf nflu lj?4df n8]sf dfG5] xf}+ .Ú xfdLdfly tTsfnLg dfcf]jfbLsf] g]tT[ j rn]sf] /x]sf] 5 . # j6f ejg 5g\, pgn]
ePsf] 5 . ut ;ftf g]kfnL sf+u; ]| sf] h;n]ubf{ pgLx? cfkm\gf] cl:yTj 7"nf] ;+3if{ ug'{kg]{ x'G5 . h;/L klg Pp6f cf/f]k 5, pgn] yk eg] …xfdL b; jif] { hgo' 4 sf s' z n ylkg\ …zf}rfnosf] ;d:of w]/} 5 .
s]lGb|o ;ldltsf] a}7s eof] . ;f] hf] u fpgsf nflu cGo ;Qfdf k'Ug] ;f]rsf sf/0f bnx?n] lgdf{0f ub}g{ f},+ Wj:t ug{ hfg]sf 5f}F . g]tT[ jstf{dWo]sf Ps g]tf x'g\ . pgn] zf}rfno Pp6f 5 Tof] klg c:yfoL
a}7sdf af]Ng] clwsf+z ;b:ox?n] hfoh÷gfhfoh pkfosf] vf]hLdf cfkm\gf] ljrf/ lnP/ hgtfdf hfg] of] cf/f]k hgo'4b]lv clxn];Dd hgo' 4 df ?s' d , bfªnufotsf zf}rfno 5 . dlxnf ;+jb] gzLntfsf
;efklt z]/axfb'/ b]pjfnfO{ kf6L{sf] nfu]sf 5g\ . olta]nf b]zsf] ;du| / To; cfwf/df r'lgP/ hgtfsf nfu]s} 5 t/ of] ;To xf]Og . xfdLn] e"uf]ndf g]tT[ j u/]sf lyP . ;fj{hlgs s'/f x'G5g\ . zf}rfno gx'bF f dlxnf
3f]lift gLlt / ljwfgdf pNn]v ePsf /fhgLlts jftfj/0f wldlnPsf] 5 . k| l tlglw aGg] k| o f;g} u/] g g\ . cGofo, cTofrf/, lje]b, las[lt, ;+:yfnfO{ ;xof]u ug{' cg's/0fLo sfo{ lzIfs–sd{rf/L / laBfyL{x?n] ;d:of
sltko ljifosfaf/]df Wofgfsif{0f s'g} klg kf6L{ jf b]zs} /fhgLlts pgLx?sf nflu kbsf cufl8 cfkm\gf] la;+ultnfO{ Wj:t ug{ lxF8]sf xf}+ . xf] M k|wfgfWofks ;fj{hlgs ;+:yfnfO{ ef]lu/x]sf 5g\ . dfljdf b/aGbL 5}g\
u/]sf] b]lvPsf] lyof] . sltkon] kf6L{ jftfj/0f wldlnPsf] v08df unt kf6L{sf] em08f, r'gfj lrGx, ljwfg / ;lbof}Fb]lv hgtfsf] /ut r';]/ hUuf bfg ug{' cg's/0fLo sfo{ ePsf] lghL ;|ft] df 5g\ . ljBfno clxn]
;Qfsf nflu hf];Fu klg ldNg tTjx?n] 3':g] / v]Ng] df}sf kfpF5g\ . gLlt tyf sfo{qmdsf] vf;} dtnj df]6fPsfnfO{ ufpFufpFaf6 nv6]sf >L o'jf hghfu/0f dflj em'Ng]6fsL C0fdf 5 .Ú
 4 @)*) ;fn ;fpg & ut] cfOtaf/
artstf{sf] /sd lkmtf{ gug]{ ;xsf/LnfO{ sfg"gsf] s7\3f/fdf Nofpg'k5{
Kfl5Nnf] ;do ;xsf/L ;+3;+:yfsf]
;d:of s'g} dxfdf/Lem} eO;s]sf] 5 .
cfd;j{;fwf/0f ;xsf/Lsf] lj/f]wdf
3/b]lv ;8s;Dd cfOk'us ] f 5g\ .
ljut b'O{ jif{bl] v ;xsf/Ln] cfkm\gf]
art lkmtf{ gu/]sf] pgLx?sf] u'gf;f]
5 . ;xsf/Ls} sf/0f slt artstf{
ug'k{ g]{ cj:yfdf k'us ] f 5g\ t slt
c:ktfn egf{ ePsf 5g\ . ;xsf/L
kLl8t artstf{x?dfly lbgk|lt lbg
kL8fdfly kL8f g} ylkPsf] 5 . 3fd g
kfgL egL pgLx? b'O{ dlxgfb]lv
cfGbf]ng/t 5g\ . t/, pgLx?sf] cfjfh
s;n] ;'lglbg] < ;/sf/ g art lkmtf{
gug]{ ;xsf/LnfO{ sf/afxL u5{ g art
lkmtf{ u/fOlbg g} kxn ul/lbG5 .
To;}n,] clxn] artstf{x? cfkm}n + ]
goFf h'lSt lgsfn]sf 5g\ . pgLx?
eG5g\, …xfdLn] oqf] ubf{ klg xfd|f]
art lkmtf{ kfPgf}+ . g t s;}n] xfd|f]
cfjfh g} ;'lglbof] . To;}n,] ca xfdL
cfkm}+ cfkm\gf] art lngsf nflu sbd
rfNg]5f}+ .Ú ca ;xsf/Lsf ;~rfns
/ sd{rf/Lsf] 3/ vf]hL vf]hL cfkm\gf]
art lkmtf{ lng] pgLx?sf] egfO 5 .
;fy} , s' g } klg ;xsf/Lsf
;~rfns, cWoIf / sd{rf/L e]6d] f
af6f]d} sfnf]df]6f] bn]/ h'Qfsf] dfnf
nufpg] klg pgLx? atfpF5g\ .
;xsf/Ldf af6f]df ;fu a]Rg]bl] v c?sf]
3/df ef8f dfem]/ sdfPsf] k};f
/fv]sf lyP . olt dfq geO{ cfkm\gf]
/ cfkm\gf] afa'afh]sf] k'vf]n { L ;DklQ
a] r ] / , j} b ] l zs /f] h uf/Ldf uP/
sdfPsf] /sd ;d]t dflg;x?n]
;xsf/Ldf /fv]sf lyP . t/, hLjge/
d]xg] t u/]/ vfO{gvfO{ /fv]sf] /sd
;xsf/Ln] vfOlbP kl5 clxn]
artstf{x? cfj]udf cfPsf 5g\ .
e|i6frf/Lx?nfO{ hgtfn] g} sfg'gsf] bfo/fdf Nofpg'k5{
b] z e/sf ljleGg ;/sf/L
lgsfodf ^% xhf/eGbf a9L s/f/
sd{rf/L 5g\ . sfof{nosf xflsdx?n]
cfkm\gf cfkmGtnfO{ s/f/df /fv]sf
5g\ . dxflgb]z { s, lgb]z
{ s, ;lrj,
sfof{no k|d'vn] s/f/sf] gfddf
wdfwd cfkm\gf cfkmGtnfO{ hflu/
v'jfPsf 5g\ . s/f/df a;]sf sd{rf/L
klg sd{rf/L x'g\ / < of] k|Zg nfdf]
;dob]lv p7]sf] 5 . lsg ls ;/sf/L
sfof{nodf s/f/ sd{rf/Lsf] s'g} sfd
g} 5}g\ . laxfg !) ah] xflh/ x'gk' g]{
sd{Rff/L !@ ah] xlNnFb} cfpF5g\ . #
ah];Dd ukm 7f]S5g\ clg 3/lt/
bf}l8G5g\ . sfof{nodf Ps xhf/sf]
;fdfg lsGof] eg] kfFr xhf/sf] lan
agfpF5g\ . gofF ;fdfg t b]Vg} x'bF g} \ .
rf]//] 3/lt/ bf}8fOxfN5 . ;/sf/L
sfof{ n odf hflu/] lkpmg\ b ] l v
xflsd;Dd p:t} v/faz}nLsf 5g\ .
sfof{ n osf] ;fdfg 3/ n} h fg
logLx?nfO{ s;}n] EofpFbg} \ . 3'; vfg
t tNnfb]lv dflyNnf tx;Ddsf
sd{rf/L Ps gDa/sf x'G5g\ . ;/sf/L
uf8L b'?kof]u ug'{ / ukm 7f]s/] lbg
s6fpg' t logLx?sf] :jefj g}
eOxfNof] .
s/f/df sfd ug]{n] t tna
krfpgsf nflu dfq} hflu/ vfPsf
x' g \ eGg] t :ki6 5 . cfkm\ g f]
cfkmGtsf] cf8df lelqPsfx?nfO{
sfd u/]–gu/]klg s] dtna < t/,
/fi6«;j] s elgPsf ;/sf/L sd{rf/L
klg To:t} eOlbP . pgLx?n] /fi6« /
hgtfsf nflu geO{ cfkm\gf] JolStut
:jfy{sf nflu hflu/ vfPsf] k|i6} x'G5 .
;/sf/n] Toqf] ;]jf;'ljwf lbFbflbFb} klg
e|i6frf/ u5{g\ . l56f]5l/tf] hgtfsf]
sfd ub}{gg\ . ;/sf/L ;DklQsf]
b'?kof]u u5{g\ .
;/sf/L sd{rf/Lx? Ps gDa/sf]
3';vf]/L x'g\ eGg] 5fk hgtfsf] dgdf
k/]sf] 5 . hgtfx? km'6s ] f] cfFvfn]
klg ;/sf/L sd{ r f/Lx? x] g {
?rfpF b } g g\ . ;/sf/L hUuf
;/sf/n] clxn];Dd ;xsf/Lsf
;~rfnsnfO{ ;dfTg ;s]sf] 5}g .
;xsf/L ;~rfnssf] cufl8 ;/sf/L
lg/Lx ag]sf] 5 . /fhgLlts bnx?
klg ;xsf/Lsf] 7uLwGbfaf/] af]Nb}gF g\ .
h;af6 ;xsf/L ;~rfng ug]x{ ? oLg}
bnsf] ;b:o ePsf] klg :ki6 x'G5 .
d'ns' e/ btf{df /x]sf #% xhf/ a9L
;xsf/L ;+3;+:yfdf s/f]8f}+ artstf{n]
hDdf u/]sf] @@ va{ a9L /sd
;xsf/Ln] vfOlbPsf] 5 . cfh x/]ssf]
3/df ?jfafF;L rn]sf] 5 . s;}sf]
3/kl/jf/ tx;gx; ePsf] 5 t slt
ca{kltaf6 /f]8kltdf em/]sf 5g\ .
otf, ;xsf/Ln] g} k};f vfOlbFbf
clw+ s fz nfUg] — :jf:gLsf] klg
;DaGwljR5]b ePsf] 5 .
;xsf/Ldf art ug]d { Wo] slt
afF7f6fF7fn] t ;xsf/Ldf ;d:of cfPsf]
yfxf kfpg]lalQs} cfkm\gf] /sd
lgsfn] . otf, sltn] u'08f lnP/ uP/
cfkm\gf] /sd lgsfn] t sltn] k|x/L .
t/, hf] ;xsf/Lsf ;~rfns, cWoIf
/ sd{rf/Lx?sf] em'66\ f cfZjf;gdf
k/], hf];uF g t /fhgLlts kx'r F g}
lyof] g t k};f, To:tf] dflg;sf]
;xsf/Ln] /sd vfOlbPsf] 5 . slt
;xsf/Lsf ;~rfnsx?n] t ahf/af6
sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ kf;a's ;+sng ug{
nufP/ artstf{n] art u/]sf] k|df0f
;d]t d]6fOlbPsf 5g\ . Aofh r9fpg]
gfddf pgLx?n] kf;a's lnP t/ cfuf]
;NsfOlbP . d'n'se/ ;~rflnt
clw+sfz ;xsf/L 8'la;s]sf 5g\ .
slt t /ftf/ft efu]sf 5g\ .
otf, gefu]sfx?n] klg artstf{sf]
/sd lkmtf{ u/]sf 5}gg\ . clxn]
sf7df8f}s F f] ldgejgl:yt ;xsf/L
ljefudf xhf/f}+ artstf{ ;xsf/Ln]
lxgfldgfb]lv lnP/ e'6fgL z/0ffyL{
k|s/0fdf ;/sf/L sd{rf/Lx? d'l5P .
of]eGbf nfhdbf]{ s'/f s] xf]nf <
/fi6«;j] s elgPsfx?n] /fi6«dfly 3ft
ub}{ cfPsf 5g\ . hlt g} ;'lsnfd'lsnf
ag]klg logLx?eGbf a9L OHht
af6f]df vfnL v'66\ f ef/L af]Sg]x?sf]
5 . h] eP klg ltgn] /fi6«dfly 3ft
t u/]sf 5}gg\ . ;/sf/L sd{rf/Lx?
…lbg s6fpg] / dfgf krfpg]Ú sfd
dfq} ul//x]sf 5g\ . cfwf lbg
9Ns]kl5 sfof{no cfpg] clg 306f}+
tf/sf] 6]lnkmf]gdf em'l08g] . sfof{nod}
l6s6s agfpg] . xflsdsf] sf]7fdf
lrKnf] 3;]/ a:g] . clg hgtfn] lt/]sf]
s/ ;b'kof]u eof] t < hgtfn]
;]jf;'ljwf kfP < sfof{nodf l6s6s
agfpg gkfOg] eg]/ ;/sf/n] lg0f{o
ug{ l9nfO{ eO;s]sf] 5 . ;/sf/L
sfof{no …lrl8of vfgfÚ em}+ b]lvG5 .
sd{rf/Lx?sf] skfn /+uLr+uL
x'G5 . xftv'6\6fe/L 6\of6' xfg]sf
x'G5g\ . sd{rf/Lx? sf]xL klg 8|; ] df
cfpFbg} g\ . sf]xL lhG; kfOG6 nufP/
cfpF5g\, sf]xL xfkm s6\6' . s'g
sd{rf/L, s'g ;j{;fwf/0f < lrGg}
dxfef/t x'G5 . ;/sf/L sfof{nodf
cg'zf;g g} ePg\ . h] dgnfUof] ToxL
u/]sf] 5 . ;/sf/sf sd{rf/L To:tf
5g\ clg hgtfn] s] l;Sg] < k|x/L;d]t
l6s6s agfP/ a:5g\ . 8\o'6Ldf
vl6g'kg]{ k|x/L clws[t df]afOnd} Jo:t
x'G5g\ . ;fj{hlgs 7fpFdf w'dk| fg u¥of]
eg] hl/jfgf / s}b ;hfo x'g ;S5 .
t/, ;/sf/L sfof{nod} ;/sf/L
sd{rf/L w'dk| fg u5{g\ . r'/f]6 vfG5g\,
kfg vfG5g\ clg vf]O t lgod
sfof{Gjog < lgod ;Fw} ;/sf/L
sd{rf/LnfO{ dfq} xf] < ;/sf/L
sfof{nodf ePs} SoflG6gdf r'/f]6,
/S;L a]Rg] /fv]sf] x'G5 . lbFp;}
sfof{nod} /S;L vfOlbG5g\ . ;/sf/L
sd{rf/Ln] g} ;/sf/n] agfPsf] sfg'g
6]/s
] f 5}gg\, hgtfn] s] 6]5g{ \ < cfk"mn]
s] ug{x' G' 5 < s] ug{x' bF' g} \ < ;f]Rg'kg]{
art lkmtf{ u/]sf] u'gf;f] lnb}F
cfOk'U5g\ . pkTosfleq / aflx/sf
hf]sf]xL ;xsf/Ln] art lkmtf{ gu/]sf]
jf efu]sf] eg]/ u'gf;f] ;'gfpg ;xsf/L
ljefu cfpF5g\ . t/, ljefusf
pk/lhi6f/ 6f]n/fh pkfWofo tL
kLl8t artstfsf] s'/} g;'gL l;Wo}
ufpFkflnsf, gu/kflnsf, k|x/L k|zf;g
jf k|bz] l:ytdf hfg eG5g\ . /fli6«o
;xsf/L dxf;+3sf cWoIf dLg/fh
s8]n+ n] s]xL ;docl3 ;xsf/L dGqL
/lGhtf >]i7, k|wfgdGqL k'iksdn
bfxfn k|r08 / ;xsf/L ljefusf
/lhi6f/, pk/lhi6f/ cfk"mx?s} kIfdf
/x]sf] atfPsf lyP .
pgn] artstf{x?n] hlt cfGbf]ng
u/] klg s]xL gx'g] ;d]t atfPsf lyP .
pgsf] egfOcg';f/ artstf{nfO{ 3/
g 3f6sf] agfpg] ;xsf/Lsf] kIfdf
;/sf/ t 5b}+ 5 cem} pgLx?;Fu
/fhgLlts cf8 klg 5 . clxn] ;xsf/L
kLl8t artstf{x? /sd lkmtf{
gu/fpg] ;xsf/Lsf ;~rfns / cWoIf
eufpg]df dxf;+3s} xft /x]sf]
atfpF5g\ . olt dfq geO{ To:tf
;xsf/L ;~rfnsnfO{ k|x/L k|zf;gsf]
xftdf kg{ glbg pgn] n'sfpg] ;d]t
u/]sf] artstf{sf] cf/f]k 5 . To;}n,]
clxn] ;xsf/L kLl8t artstf{x?
/fli6«o ;xsf/L dxf;+3sf cWoIf
dLg/fh sF8n ] nfO{ tTsfn kqmfp ug{
u[xdGqL gf/fo0fsfhL >]i7;dIf dfu
u5{g\ . ca ;/sf/ of] klg ub}g{ eg]
artstf{ n ] clxn] t dfOtL3/
d08nfdf cfGbf]ng dfq rsf{O/x]sf
5g\ t/ pgLx? cfqmf]zdf cfPkl5
PsfPs ;xsf/Lsf ;~rfns, cWoIf
/ sd{rf/LnfO{ vf]h/] xftv'§f efFRg]
5g\ .
s'/f xf] .
Jff:tjdf eGg] xf] eg] ;/sf/L
sd{rf/Lsf] cfr/0fdf slxn] ;'wf/
gcfpg] ef] . ;/sf/L sd{rf/L slxn]
klg hgtfnfO{ /fd|f] af]nLarg ub}g{ g\ .
;Lwf;fwL hgtf sfd lnP/ uP eg]
c8\sfP/ /flvlbG5g\ . t/, ToxL
7fpFdf bnfnL uof] eg] xh'/, tkfO{s + f]
;Ddfg kfpF5g\ . lsg ls pgLx?n]
3'; lbG5g\ . 3'; kfPkl5 gx'g] sfd
klg x'G5, ;/sf/L sfof{nodf .
hgtfx? ;/sf/af6 kfpg'kg]{ lgMz'Ns
;]jfaf6 ;d]t jl~rt eO/x]sf]
cj:yfdf ;/sf/L sd{rf/Lx? k};f
vfP/ gx'g] sfd klg ub}{ cfPsf 5g\ .
clxn] d'ns ' df uDeL/ cfly{s ;+s6
b]lvPsf] 5 . cy{tGq 8fdf8f]n 5 .
ljb]zL C0f ylkP/ ;fFjfAofh g} ltg{
g;Sg] cj:yfdf ;/sf/ k'lu;s]sf]
5 . of] cj:yfnfO{ dWogh/ u/]/ klg
s/f/sf sd{rf/L s6f}tL ug{'k5{ .
;/sf/L sd{ r f/Lsf] ;+ V of klg
36fpg'kg]{ b]lvPsf] 5 . sd{rf/LnfO{
lbFOb} cfPsf] ;]jf;'ljwf 36fpg'k5{ .
k]G;g, eQf klg s6f}tL ug{k' 5{ . s'g}
k| l tkmn lag} s/f/sf sd{ r f/L
kfNg'k/]sf] 5 . sfd g} gug]n{ fO{ lsg
hgtfn] lt/]sf] s/ v'jfpg] <
ca klg s/f/sf sd{ r f/L
gx6fpg] xf] eg] ;/sf/n] vr{ wfGg
t]nsf] yf]kfyf]kf hf]ufcf}+
OGwg vr{ 36fcf}+
clxn] ;xsf/Lsf sd{rf/Lx?
wdfwd cfkm\gf] sf]7f ;fl//x]sf 5g\ .
artstf{n] cfj]udf cfP/ s'6lk6
ug]{ 8/ hf] 5 pgLx?df . t/, x'g
klg lsg gxf];,\ lxhf] pgLx?n] g} cfd
;j{;fwf/0fn] ;xsf/Ldf art ulb{gF
eGbf ;d]t Aofhsf] k|nf]egdf b]vfP/
ha/h:tL art ug{ nufPsf lyP .
sltn] t ;xsf/L efu]df cfkm}n + ] /sd
lkmtf{ ug]{ jfrf ;d]t u/]sf lyP .
To;sf/0f klg clxn] artstf{x?
;xsf/Lsf ;~rfnseGbf sd{rf/Laf6
lrl8Psf 5g\ . clxn] ahf/df
htftt} ;xsf/Lsf ;~rfnsb]lv
sd{rf/L;d]t rf]/, 7u ePsf] eg]/
eg]sf] ;'lgG5 .
clxn] clw+ s fz ;xsf/L
eflu;s] s f 5g\ . ar] s fn] klg
artstf{sf] /sd lkmtf{ gu/]/ x}/fgL
5 . ;xsf/Ln] hg:t/df lbgk|lt lbg
gsf/Tds c;/ kb}{ uPsf] 5 . To;}n,]
ca ;j{;fwf/0fn] ;xsf/Ldf g t art
ug]{ 5g\ g ug{ lbg] g} 5g\ . ;fy},
;xsf/L ;+3;+:yf ca w]/} lbg l6Sg]
5}gg\ . artstf{sf] /sd ;xsf/Lsf
;~rfns, cWoIf / sd{rf/Ln] 3';
vfP/ 3/hUuf, uf8L, ;]o/ / lghL
sDkgLdf nufgL u/] . olt dfq geO{
pgLx?n] g} hUuf Knflgªsf] sfd
yfn] . otf, kfFr xhf/ cfgfdf laqmL
gx'g] v]tLof]Uo hldg lwtf] /fv]/ nfvf}+
?k}ofF shf{ k|jfx u/] .
a}s
+ n] ;o ?k}ofF df lgisfzg u/]sf]
;]o/ lwtf] /fv]/ @& ;o ?k}ofF shf{
lbFbf !) nfv d"No kg]{ uf8LnfO{ !)
nfv g} shf{ lbP . sltnfO{ lagflwtf]
3';sf] cf8df s/f]8f}+ ?k}ofF ;d]t shf{
lbP . h;sf] kl/0ffd cfh b]lvg
cfPsf] 5 . kl5Nnf] ;do 3/hUuf,
;Sb} g \ . ljb] z L;F u C0f lnP/
logLx?nfO{ dfl;s tna v'jfpg'kg]{
x'G5 . hgtfaf6 r'lgP/ cfPsf
;+f;b\x?n] ;]gfsf] ;+Vof 36fpg'kg]{ dfu
;bgdf /flv;s]sf 5g\ . s/f/sf
sd{rf/L klg x6fpg'k5{ eg]/ dfu
p7fpg'k5{ . hgtfn] lt/]sf] s/n]
gwfg]kl5 ;/sf/n] ljb]zL C0f lnP/
;]gf / s/f/sf sd{rf/LnfO{ tna
lbO/x]sf] 5 . k]G;g klg C0fn] g}
wflg/x]sf] 5 . t/, of] slt~h]n rN5 <
ljb] z Laf6 xft km} n fP/ b] z
slxn];Dd rnfpg] < uDeL/ k|Zg v8f
ePsf] 5 . ;Fwe } l/ ljb]zLsf] cufl8
xft km}nfpg'sf] ;f6f] ;]gf / s/f/sf
sd{rf/L x6fpg] eg]/ lg0f{o ug{k' ¥of] .
k|ult s]xL 5}g,\ a]sf/df al;al;
tna v'jfpg'k/]sf] 5 . hgtf C0fsf]
ef/L af]S5g\, vfg]rfFlx logLx? . k]G;g
lbg] l;:6d g} unt eof] . afr'~h]n
t p;n] k]G;g vfG5, d/]kl5 klg
p;sf] >Ldfg\–>LdtLn] k]G;g vfG5 .
p;n] l;Q}df sfd t u/]sf]
lyPg\ . ;/sf/n] dfl;s tna lbG5 .
hflu/ vfFbf p;n] 3'; klg vfG5 .
clg cjsfzkl5 klg k]G;g, d/]kl5
klg k]G;g . /fhfsf] kfnfsf] lg0f{osf]
clxn];Dd rln g} /x]sf] 5 . olb
klxn]s} P]gsfg'gcg';f/ rNg] xf] eg]
nf]stGq, u0ftGq lsg NofPsf] < !&
g]kfn cfon lgud lnld6]8
kmf]g g+=+ $@^@(&), km\ofS; M $@^#$&!
uf8L / ;]o/df Jofks dGbL 5 . o;sf]
sf/f]af/ 7Kk ePsf] 5 . t/, ;xsf/Lsf]
eg] clw+ s fz nufgL oxF L 5 .
;xsf/Lsf] clw+sfz shf{ nufgL o;}
If]qdf 8'as] f] xf] . ;/sf/n] klg klxNo}
;xsf/L ;+3;+:yfnfO{ 3/hUuf, uf8L
/ ;]o/df nufgL ug{ lbg'xbF' gF} lyof] .
clxn] ;xsf/L ;~rfns /
bnfnL, larf}lnofx?sf] ldnf]dQf]df
sf/]8f}+ artstf{ ;8sdf cfOk'us ] f
5g\ . lxhf] ;/sf/n] ;xsf/L
;+3;+:yfnfO{ wdfwd nfO{;G] ; lbof] .
t/, hgtf 7Ug] / artstf{sf] /sd
lkmtf{ gug]{ ;xsf/L sf/afxL ug{
;/sf/ s]xL ub}g{ . ca ;xsf/L kLl8t
artstf{x? Gofo dfUg stf hfg] .
dfOtL3/ d08nfdf lbgx'F cfGbf]ngdf
a;]/ dfq Gofo kfOG5 eg]/ s] cfzf <
dfOtL3/ d08nfdf cfGbf]ng/t /x]sf
artstf{x? ;+ul7t 5}gg\ . pgLx?
cfcfkm\gf] kL8f af]s/] a;]sf 5g\ .
sf]xLnfO{ s'g} ;xsf/Ln] 7u]sf] 5 t
sf]xLnfO{ s'gn } ].
o;/L artstf{x? Psh'6 gx'bF f
klg pgLx?sf] Gofo k|lfKtdf l9nfO{
ePsf] b]lvG5 . ;a} artstf{ Psh'6
eP/ cfGbf]ngsf] af9Lklx/f] NofPdf
l9nf] nfUb} g o:tf hgtf 7Ug]
;xsf/Lsf ;~rfns, cWoIf /
sd{rf/LnfO{ sfg"gsf] bfo/df Nofpg .
;xsf/Ln] o:tf] n'6tGq dRrfpFbf
;d] t lj1fkg af] 8 { n ] cfd
hg;d'bfodf ;xsf/Ldf art gug{
;r]t u/fPg . clxn] ;xsf/L kLl8t
artstf{x? lj1fkg af]8{ ;d]t
;xsf/Lsf ;~rfnsx?sf] cufl8
las]sf] cf/f]k nufpF5g\ . o;/L hgtfn]
k6s k6s ;xsf/L ;~rfnssf] cufl8
af]8{ las]sf] eg]/ cf/f]k nufpFbf ;d]t
xhf/ g]kfnL lsg df/]sf] < kl/jt{g
Nofpg eg]/ xltof/ p7fPsf] xf]Og\ <
clg sxFf cfof] t kl/jt{g < k"/fg}
l;:6ddf b]z rln/x]sf] 5 . ;/sf/L
sd{rf/Lsf] k]G;g / eQfsf] gfddf
v/\af}+ ?k}ofF vr{ eO/x]sf] 5 . Ho]i7
gful/s eQf lsg lbg' k ¥of] <
sf7df8f}dF f rf/ j6f 3/ ePsfn] eQf
a'lem/x]sf 5g\ . ;/sf/n] Ho]i7
gful/s eQf klg s6f}tL ul/lbg'k¥of] .
a?, :Jff:Yo / lzIffnfO{ yk k|efjsf/L
agfcf}+ . k]G;g / eQfdf vr{ x'g]
/sdn] lzIff / :jf:Yosf nflu rflxg]
k"jf{wf/x? agfcf}+ . ;a}n] lgMz'Ns lzIff
kfpg'k5{, :jf:Yodf ;a}sf] kx'Fr
x'gk' 5{ . ;/sf/L sd{rf/Lx? OdfGbf/
eOlbPsf] eP cfh d'ns ' sf] cg'xf/
g} km/s x'GYof] .
hgtfx? vfnL v'66\ f lxF8s ] f 5g\
t/ s;}nfO{ df/]/ vfPsf 5}gg\ .
lbgel/ gª\uf| lvofP/ NofPsf] Hofnfn]
laxfga]ns ' fsf] 5fs 6f5{g\ . ;/sf/n]
;/sf/L sd{rf/LnfO{ tna lbG5,
;]jf;'ljwf lbG5, t}klg logLx? 3';
vfg 5f]8\b}gg\ . g]kfnsf] cy{tGq
>Ln+sfs} af6f]df 5 . ;/sf/n] 3f]if0ff
gu/]klg ahf/sf] cj:yfn] t k|i6}
b]vfpF5 . hl6n cj:yf b]lvFbf;d]t
;/sf/L sd{rf/Lx? df}g 5g\ . xfdLnfO{
tnaeQf rflxFb}g\, klxn] cy{tGq
af]8{ lg/Lx 5 . artstf{x? cfFvfe/L
cfF;' af]s/] a;]sf x'G5g\ .
sltsf] 3/df vfg] k};f 5}g, sltsf]
afnaRrf lzIffaf6} jl~rt ePsf 5g\
t slt c:ktfndf egf{ ePsf 5g\,
t/ pkrf/vr{ 5}g . ;/sf/ clxn]
klg oL kLl8t artstf{nfO{ Gofo lbg
s]xL ub}g{ . s] ;fRFr} ;/sf/ ;xsf/L
;+3;+:yfsf ;~rfns, cWoIfsf] cufl8
nDk;f/ k/] s } xf] < ;xsf/Lsf
;~rfnsx? art lkmtf{ ub}{gg\ .
artstf{x? cfkm\gf] /sd lkmtf{ dfUg
uP/df pN6} pgLx?nfO{ wfswDsL
lbG5g\ . /fhgLlts, k|x/L k|zf;g /
k};fsf] kx'r F b]vfpF5g\ . clg lbpF;}
cfd ;j{;fwf/0fnfO{ ;xsf/Lsf
;~rfns, cWoIfn] pgLx?s} art
lkmtf{ gu/] wfswDsL lbFbf /fHo sxFf
5 < v} stf 5 ;/sf/ < ;xsf/L
ljefu, gu/kflnsf, ufpFkflnsf art
lkmtf{ gug]{ ;xsf/Llj?4 ph'/L xfNg';\
eg]/ ;"rgf hf/L ub}{gg\ . pN6}
artstf{x? ph'/L lbgsf nflu cfpFbf
;d]t pgLx?nfO{ kmsf{OG5 .
clxn] ;xsf/L ;+3;+:yfn] ;/sf/
g} las]sf] k|dfl0ft ePsf] 5 . ;fy},
hgtf 7Ug] o:tf rf]/, 7u ;xsf/Lsf]
cufl8 hgtfs} s]xL nfUb}g eg]/ klg
k|:6 ePsf] 5 . olb cem} klg d'ns ' df
sfg"g 5 / ;/sf/ hgtfs} nflu xf]
eg] k|wfgdGqL k'iksdn bfxfn
k|r08n] ;xsf/Lsf] btf{ vf/]h ug'k{ 5{
eg]/ lg0f{o ug'{k5{ . artstf{sf]
/sd lkmtf{ gug]{ ;xsf/Lsf ;~rfns,
cWoIf / sd{rf/LnfO{ sfg"gsf]
s7\3f/fdf Nofpg'k5{ . hgtf klg ca
;r]t x'gk' 5{ . g cfk"m ;xsf/Ldf art
u/f}+ g c?nfO{ ug{ lbcf}+ .
– ?iff yfkf, eStk'/
hf]ufcf}+ eg]/ s'g} sd{Rff/Ln] eg]sf
5g\ < a?, s;/L x'G5 a9La9L
vfglt/ bf}l8/x]sf 5g\, logLx? . @)
hgfsf] a}7s a:of] eg] %) kf]sf vfhf
dufpF5g\ . ToxFf Ps–Ps kf]sf vfG5g\,
c? 3/lt/ bf}8fpF5g\ . ;/sf/L uf8L
k|of]u u/]/ cfkmGtnfO{ 8|fOleª\u
l;sfpF5g\ . gofF uf8L 7f]SsfP/ sfd
g} gnfUg] agfpF5g\ . js{;kdf nu]/
Ps nfv lt/]/ agfpF5g\ . lan k]z
x'G5 kfFr nfvsf] . /fhgLlts kf6L{sf]
emf]n] ag]/ lxF8s ] f ;/sf/L sd{rf/L
/fi6«sf] 9's6' Ldf …;fkÚ ag]sf 5g\ .
hgtfaf6 gª\lu;s]sf logLx?
/fhgLlts kf6L{s} cf8df l6s]sf
5g\ . ;/sf/L sd{rf/L dfq} xf]Og\,
cfdL{ k'ln;df ;d]t /fhgLlt 3';s ] f]
5 . logLx?n] s] hgtfsf] ;]jf ug{',
s] b]zsf] /Iff ug{' < ca hgtfx?
;r] t x' g h?/L 5 . ;/sf/L
sd{rf/Lsf] lj/f]wdf hgtf ;8sdf
cfpg'k5{ . e|i6frf/Lx?nfO{ hgtfn]
g} sfg'gsf] bfo/fdf Nofpg'k5{ .
hgtfn] lt/]sf] s/ t vfPvfP, b]z
lwtf] /fv]/ logLx?n] vfg kfpFbg} g\ .
ljb]zL;Fu lnPsf] C0f @@ va{
k'lu;Sof], Ps hgf g]kfnLsf] 6fpsf]
() xhf/ ?k}ofF C0fsf] ef/L 5 .
oqf] k};f sxFf uof] <
– cg';f yfkf, eStk'/
 @)*) ;fn ;fpg & ut] cfOtaf/
ljBdfg /fhgLlts ;+s6 / kqsfl/tf
kqsfl/tf eg] s f] ;To–tYo
36gfdf cfwfl/t /xL ;~rf/sf
ljleGg dfWodaf6 cfdgful/snfO{
;';"lrt u/fpg] sfo{ xf] . cfhsf]
o'u @! cf}+ ztfAbLsf] lj1fg /
k|ljlwsf] o'u xf] . ljZjsf] s'g} klg
x]dGtk|sfz cf]nL
kqsf/x¿sf] xftdf Oltxf;n] o'uLg
lhDd]jf/L ylklbPsf] 5 . j}bl] zs
x:tIf]kn] b]z g} slta]nf a]lrg] xf] eGg]
lrGtf 5 . bnfn k'h F LjfbL ;+;bLo
Joj:yfsf sf/0f >dhLjL hgtf
56\k6fO/x]sf 5g\ . o;sf] Ps dfq
lgsf; eg]sf] of] ;Qfsf] ljsNk vf]Hg'
xf] . To;sf nflu kqsf/x¿n] dfgj
;Eotfsf] pTs[i6 /fHoJoj:yf j}1flgs
;dfhjfb g} xf] eg]/ a'emfpg] a]nf cfPsf]
5 . xfdL kqsf/x¿sf] casf] o'uLg
lhDd]jf/L eg]s} hgtfnfO{ bnfn k'h F LjfbL ;Qfsf] ljsNkdf j}1flgs
;dfhjfbL ;Qf xf] eg]/ ;';l" rt ug{' xf] . j}1flgs ;dfhjfbn] dfq}
clxn]sf] ;Í6nfO{ lgsf; lbg]5 . dxfg\ ;lxb s[i0f;]gn] eg]h:tf] hxfF
afFRg d[To'eGbf b'MvbfoL x'G5, ToxfF d[To'bl] v 8/ nfUb}g . jf:tjdf cfhsf]
;Í6n] ubf{ hgtf afFRg' d[To'eGbf b'MvbfoL ef]lu/x]sf 5g\ . To;}n] ;a}
kqsf/x¿ g]kfnL hgtfsf] ;Í6k"0f{ b}lgsL / /fHoJoj:yfsf] r/d ;Í6nfO{
lgsf; lbg j}1flgs ;dfhjfbsf] k|rf/stf{ x'g h?/L 5 .
s'gfdf 36]sf ;a} 36gfsf] hfgsf/L
/ ;"rgf l5ge/d}sf] csf]{ s'gfdf
;lhn} k'us ] f] 5 . kqsfl/tf /fHosf]
rf}yf] cË klg xf] . g]kfnL kqsfl/tfn]
ljleGg cf/f] x –cj/f] x kf/ ub} {
oxfF;Dd cfOk'u]sf] 5 . klxnf] k6s
k| s fzg ePsf] ;flxTo klqsf
;'wf;fu/ !(%% ;fpgdf k|sfzg
ePsf] dflgG5 . g]kfnsf] ;a}eGbf
k'/fgf] b}lgs klqsf uf]/vfkqsf]
k|sfzg ;'? ePkl5 o;n] gofF df]8
lnPsf] xf] . g]kfndf k|sflzt ePsf]
klqsfsf] cfwf/df kqsfl/tfsf]
Oltxf; eGg] ul/P klg g]kfnL efiffsf]
klxnf] klqsf eg] ef/taf6 k|sflzt
ePsf] …uf]vf{ ef/t hLjgÚ xf] . of]
klqsf df]lt/fd e§ / /fds[i0f adf{
ldn]/ k|sflzt u/]sf lyP . @))&
kmfu'g * ut] lghL If]qaf6 k|sflzt
g]kfnsf] klxnf] b}lgs klqsf …cfjfhÚ
k|sflzt ePsf] lyof] .
o;/L ljleGg 3'DtL, df]8, cf/f]x
/ cj/f]x kf/ ub}{ g]kfnL kqsfl/tf
cfh oxfF;Dd cfOk'u]sf] 5 . cfh
xfdL ;~rf/ dfWodx¿sf] 7"nf] eL8df
5f}+ . xhf/f}F ;~rf/ dfWodsf] lardf
xfdL g]kfndf kqsfl/tf ul//x]sf
5f}+ . cfh;Dd cfOk'Ubf xfdLn] 5fkf
klqsf, 6] l nlehg, cgnfOg
klqsfnufotsf ;~rf/–dfWod t
ljsf; u/]sf 5f}+ t/ s] kqsfl/tf
jf:tljs ;dfhsf] P]gf aGg ;s]sf]
5 < ;dfhsf JofKt ljs[lt, lj;Ëlt,
e| i 6frf/, clgoldttfh:tf
jf:tljs ;Totf P]gf ag]/ ;dfhdf
phfu/ ePsf 5g\ t < ljutdf
b]zdf 7'N7"nf ;Í6, /fhgLlts
cfGbf]ngdf cfˆgf] ;femf wf/0ff lgdf{0f
ug]{, b]znfO{ cu|udgsf] af6f]df
cGopg] kqsfl/tf If]q kl5Nnf] ;do
cfˆgf] Jofj;flostfdf dfq ;Lldt
ePsf] 5 . xfdLn] oxfF eGg}k5{ ls
cfh b]zdf /fhgLlts ;Í6 r'lnb}
uPsf] 5, cy{tGq 6f6 klN6Psf] 5,
b] z df ePsf pBf] u wGbf,
snsf/vfgfx¿ ;a} a]lrPsf 5g\ .
^)–^% nfv o'jfx¿ ljb]lzg afWo
kfl/Psf 5g\ . b}lgs $–% hgfsf] ub}{ ;ª3Lo nf]stflGqs u0ftGqfTds jf bnfn k'FhLjfbL rl/qsf sf/0f
nf; ljdfg:ynaf6 lelqg] u/]sf] 5 . Joj:yfdf cjt/0f uGof] . clxn] nfvf] + o' j fo' j tL ljb] l zg afWo
s'g} a]nf af]/fdf wfg lgof{t ug]{ b]z rln/x]sf] zf;g Joj:yf ¿kdf kfl/Psf 5g\ .
cfh af]/fdf o'jfx¿sf] nf; cfoft hgtfaf6 lgjf{ l rt x' g ] o' j f pBdL, Jofj;foLx¿
ub}{5 . b]zsf] ;a} If]q /fhgLlts, sNof0fsf/Lh:tf] b]lvP klg ;f/df lbgbxf8} cfˆg} z/L/df k]6«f]n 5s]{/
cfly{s, ;fdflhs, ;f+:s[lts If]qx¿ ;Qfdf bnfn k' F h LjfbLx¿n] cfTdbfx ug{ ljjz kfl/Psf 5g\ .
e|i6frf/, Jolylt, cGofo, cTofrf/
/ c;'/Iffn] ;Ldf gf3]sf] 5 . ;Qfsf]
afu8f] / ;Dxfn] s f pRr kb:y
dGqLx¿;d]t e|i6frf/df d'l5P/
h]ndf ;l8/x]sf 5g\ . cfˆg} b]zsf]
o'jfnfO{ oxL+ b]zdf /f]huf/ lbg'sf]
;§f of] ;Qfn] jf:tljs g]kfnL
gful/snfO{ gSsnL e'6fgL z/0ffyL{
agfP/ cd]l/sf, o'/f]kh:tf ljb]zL
d'ns ' df sld;g vfP/ a]lr/x]sf] 5 .
cfh klg g]kfnL hgtfnfO{ b'O{ 5fs
6fg{ d'l:sn 5 . o;sf] ljk/Lt s]xL
b'O{rf/ ;o kl/jf/;Fu v/af}+ k};f
y'lk|Psf] 5 . Psftkm{ g]kfnL hgtf
ufF;, af;, skf; lzIff, :jf:Yo,
/f]huf/ gkfP/ cfTdxTof ug{ ljjz
5g\ eg] csf]{lt/ s]xL yfg bnfn
k'h
F Lkltx¿ ljb]zdf k};f n'sfO/x]sf
5g\ . b]zdf oL b]lvPsf tdfd
;d:ofsf] h8 oxL bnfn /fHoJoj:yf
xf] .
ca xfdL kqsf/x¿sf] xftdf
Oltxf;n] o'uLg lhDd]jf/L ylklbPsf]
5 . j} b ] l zs x:tIf] k n] b] z g}
slta]nf a]lrg] xf] eGg] lrGtf 5 .
bnfn k'FhLjfbL ;+;bLo Joj:yfsf
sf/0f >dhLjL hgtf 56\k6fO/x]sf
5g\ . o;sf] Ps dfq lgsf; eg]sf]
of] ;Qfsf] ljsNk vf]Hg' xf] . To;sf
nflu kqsf/x¿n] dfgj ;Eotfsf]
pTs[ i 6 /fHoJoj:yf j} 1 flgs
;dfhjfb g} xf] eg]/ a'emfpg] a]nf
cfPsf] 5 . xfdL kqsf/x¿sf] casf]
o'uLg lhDd]jf/L eg]s} hgtfnfO{
;Í6u|:t aGb} uO/x]sf 5g\ . xflsd'xfnL ul//x]sf 5g\ . xfn bnfn k'FhLjfbL ;Qfsf] ljsNkdf
g]kfndf /fhgLlts qmflGtx¿ g]kfndf b]lvPsf] d"ne"t ;d:of j}1flgs ;dfhjfbL ;Qf xf] eg]/
gePsf eg] xf]Ogg\ . @))& ;fnb]lv, eg]s} bnfn k'hF LjfbL ;+;bLo Joj:yf ;';l" rt ug{' xf] . j}1flgs ;dfhjfbn]
@)#^ ;fn;Dd, @)$^ ;fnsf] xf] . of] Joj:yf >dhLjL, ;j{xf/f, dfq} clxn] s f] ;Í6nfO{ lgsf;
qmflGtsfnLg dfcf]jfbLsf] g]t[Tjdf dWodju{ ls;fg, dhb'/, dlxnf, lbg] 5 . dxfg\ ;lxb s[ i 0f;] g n]
@)%@ @)^@ ;Dd ;z:q hgo'4 >lds ;d'bfosf] geO{ d'¶Le/ n'6/] f eg] h :tf] hxfF afF R g d[ T o' e Gbf
eof] . Oltxf;sf] ljleGg ;dodf ju{sf] zf;g xf] . bnfn k'FhLjfbL b'MvbfoL x'G5, ToxfF d[To'b]lv 8/
ePsf /fhgLlts qmflGtx¿n] 7'N7"nf Joj:yfsf sf/0f cfh b]zdf h] h] nfUb}g . jf:tjdf cfhsf] ;Í6n]
/fhgLlts pknlAwx¿ xfl;n ePsf ;Í6x¿ b]lvO/x]sf 5g\, Tof] emg\ ubf{ hgtf afFRg' d[To'eGbf b'MvbfoL
5g\ . xfdLn] hxflgofF /f0ff zf;g, ulxl/P/ hfg] :ki6 b]lvG5 . of] ef] l u/x] s f 5g\ . To;} n ] ;a}
lg/Í'z k~rfot x'bF } ;fdGtjfbsf]
cGTo ub}{ u0ftGq;Dd cfOk'u]sf
Joj:yfdf cfTdlge{/ cy{tGqsf]
sNkgf;d]t ug{ ;lsb}g . g]kfn
kqsf/x¿ g]kfnL hgtfsf] ;Í6k"0f{
b} l gsL / /fHoJoj:yfsf] r/d
5f}+ . g]kfnsf] pyn–k'ynsf/L qmflGt s]jn ljb]zdf pTkflbt j:t' s]xL ;Í6nfO{ lgsf; lbg j} 1 flgs
dxfg\ b; jif{sf] hgo'4n] c9fO{;o lglZrt sld;g 5'6o\ fP/ a]Rg] ynf] ;dfhjfbsf] k|rf/stf{ x'g h?/L 5 .
jif{ k'/fgf] ;fdGtL /fhtGqsf] cGTo ag]sf] 5 . cy{tGq cfTdlge{/ gaGbf – hgkqsf/af6
ljb]z e|d0f hfg]n] % ;/sf/ nIosf] ^* k|ltzt
k|ltzt s/ ltg{'kg]{ Û dfq /fh:j p7fpg ;kmn
sf7df8f}F . dxfn]vfsf lgoGqs sfo{non] ut
sf7df8f}F . cfGtl/s /fh:j ljefun] j}b]lzs ko{6g
cfly{s jif{df ;/sf/n] nIosf] ^* k|ltzt dfq /fh:j
z'Ns;DaGwL sfo{ljlw, @)*) hf/L u/];Fu} ljb]z e|d0f
hfg]n] % k|ltzt s/ ltg{'kg]{ ePsf] 5 . cfly{s P]g, p7fpg ;kmn ePsf] hgfPsf] 5 . ut cfly{s jif{df
!$ va{ /fhZj ;+sngsf] nIo /fv]sf]df c;f/ d;fGt
@)*) sf] bkmf @@ df ljb]zdf ko{6g e|d0fsf nflu
hfg] g]kfnL ko{6sn] ug]{ e'QmfgL /sddf kfFr k|ltztsf cyf{t cfOtaf/ /flt;Dddf ( va{ %& ca{ ?k}ofF
b/n] j}bl] zs ko{6g z'Ns nfUg] pNn]v lyof] . pQm Joj:yf a/fa/ /fh:j ;+sng ePsf] xf] . em08} !# va{sf] s/
/fhZj p7fpg] nIo /fv]sf]df * va{ ^% ca{ dfq}
sfof{Gjogsf nflu ljefun] sfo{ljlw hf/L u/]sf] xf] .
j}bl] zs e|d0fsf] Kofs]h laqm]tfn] Kofs]h laqmLsf avt ;+sng ePsf] 5 . of] eg]sf] nIosf] ^^ bznj *@
ljb]zdf ko{6g e|d0fsf nflu hfg] g]kfnL ko{6sn] ug]{ k|ltzt xf] . To;}u/L u}/ /fhZj jfkt ! va{ && ca{
e'QmfgL /sddf kfFr k|ltztsf b/n] z'Ns nufgL c;'n p7fpg] nIf /fv]sf]df &^ ca{ #* s/f]8 p7]sf] 5 .
ug{k' g]5
{ Æ, sfo{ljlwdf elgPsf] 5, ækmd{ jf sDkgLn] Joj;fo cg'bfgtkm{ ;/sf/n] %% ca{ $% s/f]8 k|fKt ug]{
k|j4{gsf l;nl;nfdf cfk"m;Da4 k|fs[lts JolQmnfO{ j}bl] zs nIo /fv]sf]df nIosf] #* k|ltzt cyf{t @! ca{ @(
s/f]8 dfq} k|fKt u/]sf] 5 . /fhZo ;+sng nIosf] !)
e|d0fdf n}hfFbf nfUg] vr{ /sddf n]vfÍgsf avt kfFr
k|ltztsf b/n] z'Ns c;'n ug{k' g]5 { .Æ k|ltzt;Dd tndfly x'g'nfO{ cf};t dfGg] ul/G5 . t/
Kofs]h laqm]tf jf e|d0fdf n}hfg] kmd{ tyf sDkgLn] ut jif{ ;/sf/sf] nIo eGbf #@ k|ltzt sd /fhZj
o:tf] z'Ns s/bftf ;]jf sfof{no, cfGtl/s /fh:j ;+sng ePsf] xf] .
sfof{no, dWod:t/Lo s/bftf sfof{no / 7"nf s/bftf ut cfly{s jif{df k"h + Lut vr{ jfkt # va{ *)
sfof{nodf a'emfpg ;Sg]5g\ . sfo{ljlwcg';f/ z'Ns c;'n ca{ 5'6o\ fOPsf]df nIosf] ^! k|ltzt dfq} vr{ x'g
ug]{ / /fh:j vftfdf bflvn ug]{ k|of]hgsf nflu :yfoL ;s]sf] 5 . rfn" vr{sf] zLif{sdf eg] *% k|ltzt a9L
n]vf gDa/ lnPsf] JolQmn] cnUu} btf{ ug{'kg]{ 5}g . vr{ ePsf] 5 . lgoldt tnaeQf, k|zf;sLo vr{,
Kofs]h laqm]tf jf e|d0fdf n}hfg] kmd{ tyf sDkgLn] ;fdflhs ;'/IffeQf, k|bz ] nufot :yfgLo txx¿nfO{
cg'bfgsf ¿kdf !! va{ *# ca{ 5'6o\ fOPsf] !) va{
;Íng u/]sf] z'Ns ;DalGwt sfof{nosf] sf]8 / tf]lsPsf]
/fh:j zLif{sdf csf]{ dlxgfsf] @% ut]leq bflvn dfly vr{ ePsf] dxfn]vfn] pNn]v u/]sf] 5 . o:t},
ul/;Sg'kg]{ Joj:yf sfo{ljlwdf /flvPsf] 5 . tf]lsPsf] ljlQo cg'bfgtkm{sf] vr{ klg *@ k|ltzt dfly b]lvPsf]
;doleq z'Ns bflvn gu/]df jflif{s b'O{ bzdnj kfFr 5 . cfDbfgL / vr{sf] c;Gt'ngsf] vf8n emg\ emg\
k|ltztsf b/n] x'g cfpg] yk /sd / jflif{s !% k|ltztsf a9\b} uPsf] / /fhZj tna eQfdf dfq} ;Lldt x'g
b/n] Aofh nfUg]5 . yfn]sf] b[i6fGt b]lvPsf] 5 .
5
cflys{ jif{ @)&(÷*) df j}bl] zs /fh] uf/Ldf hfgs] f] ;+Vof kfg} ] cf7 nfv Û
sf7df8f}F . cfly{s jif{ @)&(÷*) df >d :jLs[lt lnP/ j}bl] zs
/f]huf/Ldf hfg]sf] ;+Vof kf}g] cf7 nfv k'u' s
] f] atfOPsf] . of] ;+Vof clxn];Dds}
w]/} xf] . j}b]lzs /f]huf/ ljefusf cg';f/ cfly{s jif{ @)&(÷*) df ;ft
nfv &! xhf/ #@* hgf >d:jLs[lt lnP/ ljb]z uPsf 5g\ . j}b]lzs
/f]huf/Lsf nflu cfly{s jif{ @)&*÷&( df 5 nfv #) xhf/n] >d:jLs[lt
lnPsf lyP . j}b]lzs /f]huf/Lsf nflu cfly{s jif{df @)&(÷*) df
>d:jLs[lt ;a}eGbf a9L sflQsdf lnPsf] kfOPsf] 5 . sflQsdf &* xhf/
#&) hgfn] >d:jLs[lt lnPsf lyP eg] ;a}eGbf sd j}zfvdf %$ xhf/
$%& hgfn] >d:jLs[lt lnP . ut ebf}df &^ xhf/ $)# hgfn], c;f/df
&! xhf/ kfFr ;on], dª\l;/df ^* xhf/ %^$ hgfn], ;fpgdf ^% xhf/
$^@ hgfn] >d l:js[lt lnPsf lyP . k';df ^$ xhf/ $^$ hgfn] /
df3df ^$ xhf/ @*$ hgfn] j}b]lzs /f]huf/ ljefuaf6 >d:jLs[lt lnP/
ljb]lzPsf 5G . To;} u/L ut kmfu''gdf ^! xhf/ *$% hgfn], r}tdf ^!
xhf/ $&* hgfn], h]7df %( xhf/ $@@ hgfn] / c;f]hdf %* xhf/ !(@
hgfn] >d:jLs[lt lnP/ ljb]z uPsf] ljefun] hgfPsf] 5 .
j}bl] zs /f]huf/ ljefusf cg';f/ o;cl3 ( jif{cl3 cfly{s jif{ @)&!÷&@
df gofF / gjLs/0f u/]/ ;ft nfv tLg xhf/ *#@ hgfn] >d :jLs[lt
lnPsf lyP . t/ gf} jif{cl3 ag]sf] of] /]s8{ of] cfly{s jif{df tf]l8Psf] 5 .
Ps k6s >d :jLs[lt lnP/ j}bl] zs /f]huf/Ldf uO{ k'gM >d :jLs[lt
gjLs/0f ug]{x¿sf] tYofÍ cfly{s jif{ @)^*÷^( b]lv /fVg yfn]sf] xf] .
To; jif{ gofF / >d :jLs[lt gjLs/0f ug]{ u/L kfFr nfv #* xhf/ #%%
hgfn] j}b]lzs /f]huf/ >d :jLs[lt lnPsf lyP .
To;otf cfly{s jif{ @)^(÷&) df ^ nfv !% xhf/ $!^ hgfn], cfly{s jif{
@)&)÷)&! df ^ nfv (% xhf/ (@$ hgfn], @)&!÷)&@ df ;ft nfv tLg
xhf/ *#@ hgfn] / @)&@÷)&# df ^ nfv $) xhf/ (*! hgfn] >d :jLs[lt
lnP . sf]/f]gf dxfdf/L ;'? x'ge' Gbf cl3;Dd klg >d :jLs[lt lng]sf] ;+Vof
jflif{s ¿kdf ^ nfvs} xf/fxf/Ld} sfod /Xof] . cfly{s jif{ @)&#÷)&$ df ^
nfv $@ xhf/ *%( hgfn], @)&$÷)&% df ^ nfv !@ xhf/ ^*% hgfn],
@)&%÷)&^ df % nfv * xhf/ *@* hgfn] >d :jLs[lt lnPsf lyP . t/
g]kfn;lxt /f]huf/bftf b]zdf ;d]t km}lnPsf] sf]/f]gf dxfdf/Ln] j}bl] zs /f]huf/Ldf
;d]t k|efj k¥of] . g]kfnaf6 /f]huf/Ldf hfg]x¿sf] ;+Vof 36\of] .
cfly{s jif{ @)&^÷)&& ;fndf tLg nfv ^* xhf/ $## hgfn],
@)&&÷)&* df Ps nfv ^^ xhf/ ^(* hgf dfq} ljb]z p8] . t/ sf]/f]gf
dxfdf/Ln] ylnPsf] ljZj cy{ ahf/ km]l/ p7\g yfn]kl5 g]kfnaf6 klg
j}b]lzs /f]huf/Ldf hfg]x¿ a9\g yfn] . uPsf] jif{ ^ nfv #) xhf/ hgfn]
j}b]lzs /f]huf/Ldf hfg ;/sf/;Fu >d :jLs[lt lnP . t/ g]kfn;lxt
/f]huf/bftf b]zdf ;d]t sf]/f]gf dxfdf/L km}lnPkl5 To;sf] k|efj j}b]lzs
/f]huf/L k/]kl5 g]kfnaf6 /f]huf/Ldf hfg]x¿sf] ;+Vof 36\of] .
;/sf/n] 3/]n' sfddf k|ltaGw nufPsf vf8L nufotsf b]zdf 3/]n'
sfd ug{ g]kfnL dlxnfx¿ ef/tsf ljleGg ;x/af6 klg lab]l;Psf 5g\ .
t/ o;/L hfg]sf] tYofÍ s;};Fu 5}g .
cfly{s jif{ @)&^÷)&& ;fndf tLg nfv ^* xhf/, @)&&÷)&* df
Ps nfv ^^ xhf/ hgf dfq} ljb]z p8] . t/ sf]/f]gf dxfdf/Ln] ylnPsf]
ljZj cy{tGq / ahf/ km]l/ p7\g yfn]kl5 g]kfnaf6 klg j}bl] zs /f]huf/Ldf
hfg]x¿ a9\g yfn] . cfly{s jif{ @)&*÷)&( df ^ nfv #) xhf/ ()
hgfn] j}b]lzs /f]huf/Ldf hfg ;/sf/;Fu >d :jLs[lt lnP . t/ kl5Nnf]
;do sof}F JolQmx¿ lelh6 nufotsf le;fdf >d :jLs[lt g} glnO{ ljleGg
dfWoddfkm{t j}b]lzs /f]huf/Ldf hfg] qmd klg a9]sf] 5 . ;/sf/n] 3/]n'
sfddf k|ltaGw nufPsf vf8L nufotsf b]zdf 3/]n' sfd ug{ g]kfnL
dlxnfx¿ ef/tsf ljleGg ;x/af6 klg lab]l;Psf 5g\ . t/ o;/L hfg]sf]
tYofÍ s;};Fu 5}g . o;sf cnfjf ef/t /f]huf/Ldf slt g]kfnL 5g\ eGg]
tYofÍ klg ;/sf/;Fu 5}g . uPsf] cfly{s jif{ @)&( ;fpg ! ut]b]lv
@)*) c;f/ d;fGt;Dd Ps nfv !) xhf/ a9Ln] k9\gsf nflu ljleGg
b]zdf hfg …gf] cAh]S;g n]6/Ú lnPsf] lzIff dGqfnon] hgfPsf] 5 .
cy{ ;ldltåf/f nufgL / cfly{s ultljlwnfO{
k|f]T;fxg ug]{ u/L df}lb|s gLlt hf/L ug{ lgb]{zg
sf7df8f}F . k|ltlglw;efcGtu{tsf] cy{ ;ldltn] nufgL / cfly{s
ultljlwnfO{ k|f]T;fxg x'g] u/L rfn' cfly{s jif{sf] df}lb|s gLlt hf/L ug{
g]kfn /fi6« a}+snfO{ lgb]{zg lbPsf] 5 . rfn' cfly{s jif{sf] df}lb|s gLltsf
af/]df /fi6« a}+s / cy{ dGqfnoaLr laxLaf/ 5nkmn ePsf] lyof] . cy{
;ldltn] df}lb|s gLltsf] tof/L ;DaGwdf /fi6« a}+ssf ueg{/, cy{;lrj /
;Da4 clwsf/Lx?;Fu 5nkmn u/]sf] lyof] . 5nkmndf ueg{/ dxfk|;fbn]
ljZj cy{tGqsf] cj:yf, g]kfnsf] ;du| cfly{s tyf ljQLo l:ylt -cfly{s
a[l4, d'bf| :kmLlt, jfXo If]q l:ylt, ljQLo kx'r F sf] cj:yf_ nufotsf ljifodf
;ldltnfO{ hfgsf/L u/fPsf lyP . ljutsf df}lb|s gLltdf ePsf d'Vo
Joj:yf / pknlAw, r'gf}tL / cfufdL k|yfldstfsf ;DaGwdf ;d]t 5nkmn
ePsf] lyof] . ;f]xL 5nkmnkl5 cy{ ;ldltn] df}lb|s gLltdf cfˆgf *
;'emfjx? ;d]6g\ g]kfn /fi6« a}s + nfO{ lgb]z{ g lbPsf] 5 . h;df cy{ ;ldltn]
nufgL / cfly{s ultljlwnfO{ k|f]T;fxg x'g] u/L rfn' cfly{s jif{sf] df}lb|s
gLlt hf/L ug{ /fi6« a}+snfO{ lgb]{zg lbPsf] xf] .
k|ltlglw;efcGtu{tsf] cy{ ;ldltn] g]kfn /fi6« a}s + nfO{ lbPsf] ;'emfa
o; k|sf/ /x]sf] 5– …ljQLo k|0ffnLdf af/Daf/ b]vfkg]{ cf/f]x–cj/f]xaf6
cy{tGqdf kg]{ gsf/fTds c;/nfO{ Go"gLs/0f ub}{ ljQLo :yfloTj sfod x'g]
u/L gLltut k|aGw ug{, ljutsf gLltx?sf] glthfsf] ;dLIff / cfufdL
cfly{s r'gf}tLx?sf] k|If]k0f ub}{ df}lb|s gLltdf cfjZostfcg';f/ k'g/fjnf]sg
ug{, ljQLo / df}lb|s gLltdf ;fd~h:otf sfod ub}{ d'bf| :kmLltnfO{ cfly{s jif{
@)*)–*! sf] ah]6n] lnPsf] nIoleq ;Lldt ub}{ ah]6n] nIo lnPsf] cfly{s
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o; ljZj a|Xdf08df cl:tTjdf
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dflgg] >lds ;d' b fo -blnt_
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klg nHhf jf]w x'g] :tgs/ nufOPsf]
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d'nfs/d (Mulakaram) elgGYof] .
h;cg';f/ >lds ;d'bfo -
blnt_ dlxnfx?n] ;fj{hlgs :yn
tyf slyt dflyNnf] hfltsf
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cfbz{jfb / ef}ltsjfb clwe"tjfbsf
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x]u]nn] u/]sf x'g\ . t/ pgn]] Tof]
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nfu" u/] . pgn] ] æk/dfTdf jf
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of] j:t'ut hut cyf{t\ ljZj
a|Xdf08 / ;f/f ;+;f/ kbfy{af6 g}
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ljrf/ jf k/dfTdfaf6hut ag]sf]
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gfd ef}ltsjfb xf] . log} cyf{t\
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ef}ltsjfb clwe"tjfbsf lzsf/
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bfz{lgs x]u]nn] u/]sf x'g\ . t/ Tof]
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k/dfTdfdf nfu" u/]sf lyP . pgn]]
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lyP . of] x]u]nsf] cfbz{jfbL ljrf/
lyof] . dfS;{n] o;/L 6fpsf]n] 6]s]/
plePsf] åGåjfbnfO{ v'§fsf] e/df
6]sfpg] sfd ug{'ePsf] lyof] .
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cj:yfdf lyP . o:tf] cj:yfdf
pgLx?n] :tgs/ ltg{ ;Sg] cj:yf
lyPg, h;n] ubf{ pgLx?n] cfˆgf]
5ftLsf] efu v'Nn} /fv]/ lx+8g\ ljjz
/ nfrf/ lyP .
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d'lQm kfpg tL ljb|fx] L dlxnf gfË]nLn]
cfk"mn] :tg 9fs]/ lxF8\g] c7f]6
ul/g\ . pgsf] Tof] Jojxf/af6 zf;s
ju{n] cfˆgf] sfg'gsf] pNn‹g u/]sf]
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c•L s;]/ 3]/faGbL u/] .
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/fv]/ a'emfpg' kb{Yof] .
gfË]nLn] qm"/ kfv08L zf;sx?sf]
n'8ljs kmfo/jfv cflbn] u/]sf
lyP . t/, pgLx¿n] kbfy{ n fO{
kl/jt{gzLn atfpg / b'lgofF abNg]
s' / f ug{ ;ls/x] s f lyPgg\ .
dfS;{jfbLn] tL sdLsdhf]/Lx?nfO{
x6fO{ ef}ltsjfbnfO{ kl/jt{gsf]
k4lt jf åGåjfb;Fu ldnfpg] sfd
ug{'ePsf] lyof] . oL ;a} sfddf
dfS;{ s f cgGo ldq k| m ] 8 l/s
P+uN] ;sf] ljz]if e"ldsf /x]sf] lyof] .
/, o;/L åGåfTds ef}ltsjfbL bz{gsf]
hGd eof] . o; bz{gdf n]lgg tyf
dfcf] T;]t'ªn] yk ljsf; ug{' eof]
/ cfh of] dfS;{jfbL – n]lggjfbL –
dfcf]jfbL bz{g aGg k'us ] f] 5 . oxL
dfS;{jfbL – n]lggjfbL – dfcf]jfbL
bz{g g} ;j{xf/f ju{sf] ljZjb[li6sf]0f
cyf{t\ kyk|bz{s l;4fGt aGg k'Uof] .
åGåfTds ef}ltsjfb k|sl[ t, dfgj –
;dfh Pj+ lrGtgdf ljBdfg ultsf
cfdlgodx?sf] cWoog ug]{ / ToxL
cfwf/df ;dfh / ;+;f/nfO{ km]g{sf
nflu k|]l/t ug]{, dfu{bz{g ug]{
;j{xf/fju{sf] ljZjb[li6sf]0f xf] .
o;sf] ljz]iftf vfln l;4fGt;Dd
;Lldt x'g' xf]Og, Tof] l;4fGtnfO{
Jojxf/df k|of]u ug{' klg xf] .
clwe"tjfbLx?n] kbfy{nfO{ h8
dfGb5g\, To; sf/0f pgLx¿n] x/]s
j:t'sf] lgdf{0fsf] nflu leqL xf]Og,
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ePsfn] ltgnfO{ aflx/af6 ult lbg]
tTjsf] ?kdf O{Zj/, k/dfTdf jf
s' g } cnf} l ss zlQmnfO{ :yfg
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/ r]tgf, z/L/ jf dg tyf ;d:t
j:t'ut hut / ljrf/ hutaLr
s'g} ;fOgf] b]Vb}gg\ / ltgnfO{ cfk;df
cnUofpF5g\ .
cufl8 gem' S g] s;d vfOg\ /
leqaf6 cfˆgf b'a} :tg sf6L s]/fsf]
kftdf /fv] / aflx/ a;] s f
zf;sx?sf s/ c;' N g uPsf
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ltg]{ /sd 5}g d]/f :tg g} lnP/
hfp . Tof] b]v]/ b'i6 clwsf/Lx?
efu] . gfË]nLsf] cTolws /Qm>fjsf
sf/0f d[ T o' eof] . pgsf] Tof]
cfTd;Ddfg / dlxnf OHhtsf nflu
u/]sf] jlnbfgLk"0f{ ljb|f]xn] Phjf -
P8jf_ hflt k'/} ljb|f]xdf plqP kl5
qfj0fsf]/ /fHosf] qm'/ kfv08L sfg'g
vf/]h ug{ afWo eof] . o;/L ljb|f]xL
gfu]nLn] cfk"mn] jlnbfg lbP/ cfˆgf]
hfltsf dlxnfx?nfO{ cdfgjLo, qm'/
/ nHhfhgs s' k | y faf6 d' l Qm
lbnfOg\ . ef/tLo Oltxf;sf/x?sf
cg';f/ pgsf] Tof] ljb|f]xdf pgsf
>Ldfg\n] gfË]nLsf] ljb|fx] nfO{ clGtd
;do;Dd ;fy lbg] jrg lbPsf lyP,
;fy klg lbP . gfu]nLnfO{ hnfpFbf
pgsf >Ldfg\ klg ToxL lrtfdf cfk"m
klg ;Fu} hn]sf lyP .
gfË]nLsf] Tof] jlnbfgLk"0f{ ljb|fx] sf]
k|/] 0ffaf6 gf8f/ hfltsf dlxnfx?n]
klg To; kfv08L s'ky| f lj?4 ljb|fx]
ug{ yfn] . ljb|fx] sf] g]tT[ j ug]{ gf8f/
hfltsf @ j6L dlxnfnfO{ ;g\ !*%(
df kmfF;L lbOP kl5 cfqmf]lzt gf8f/
hfltn] ljb|f]xsf] cfFlwj]x/L >[li6 u/]
/ cGtdf qfj0fsf]/ /fHoaf6 Tof]
kfv08L k|yf ;bfsf nflu cGTo ug{
;kmn eP .
ctM clvn g]kfn dlxnf ;+3n]
To; k| s f/sf] cbDo zfx; /
alnbfgLk"0f{ ljb|fx] sf k|ltd'lt{ ljb|fx] L
dlxnf gfu]nLsf] dlxnf d'lQmsf]
cfGbf]ngsf] ufyfnfO{ hLjGttf k|bfg
ug]{ sfo{ u/]/ Pp6f k|z; + gLo sfo{
u/]sf] 5 .
lk|o o'jf
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s' d f/ If] q L
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cgfof;} d[To'b08sf] ;hfo lbg]
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lk|o o'jf Û
of] a]nf s;}sf] bjfa / clwg:ydf /xg] xf]Og
;don] /Qms'08 vf]h]sf] 5
axfgfdf cfFz'n] cfFvf lsgf/ /f]h]sf] 5
nx/} nx/ ;f]‰ofP/ 3fF6L awzfnflt/ dxfef/tsf] Psf+sL ca ;'? ePsf] 5
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l;:g] / hnhnf lxdfnsf] km]bLaf6
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p;sf x/]s l3gnfUbf lgotaf6
lbkk|Hjlnt gf}hjfgx? xf]
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ltdLn] bnfnL ;Qfsf] cTofrf/nfO{ dfydf 6]Sg lbg'xbF' g}
hdfgf ablnPsf] 5
o'u km]l/Psf] 5
Oltxf; alNemPsf] 5
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5/k:6 gf}hjfg o'jfx? l5§} ;+ul7t x'gk' 5{
ljb|f]xsf] nfjf af]s]/
qmflGtsf/L w'g ahfP/
k'FhLjfbL ;fdGtL ;Qfsf la?4df
/ elTsg] 5g\ l5§}
Psnf}6L ;Qfsf 7'N7"nf hlGh/x¿
lht ltd|} x'g]5 .Ú
lk|o o'jf Û
ca, dgdf ck'tf]{ bnfnL ;Qfsf] 89]nf] nfUg'k5{
cfˆg} a;df /xg'k5{ ltdL
jf0f h:tf ltvf ab\gfdL ;+;lbo ;Qfsf lgot / xs{tn]
ltdL leq d'lQmo'4sf] sDkfofdfg x'gk' 5{
ltdLn] /f]Sg'k5{ ;fdGtjfbsf] 89]nf]sf] lkmlnËf]x?nfO{
emg\–emg\ afSnf] eP/ cfpFg ;S5g\ ;fdGtL lkmlnËf]x?
x'g;S5 ltdLk|lt pgLx?sf] k|To]s pk]lIft x]/fO{
x'g;S5 ltdLk|lt pgLx?df r/d Oiof{ / 8fxf
t/, ltdLn] xf/nfO{ :jLsfg{' x'Fb}g
Ho'bF } d[To'nfO{ :jLsfg{' x'bF g}
afRg'sf] nf]e l/TofP/
dg tflQP/ emg\emg\ ljikmf]6 x'gk' 5{
tf]k h:t} kl8\sg rfxg] ltd|f ljb|f]xsf af]nLx?nfO{
unfg]/ efl;g lbg'xbF' g}
dlit:sdf lx/f]l;df gfuf;fsL gfRg yfn]sf] of] a]nf
ltdLnfO{ l3;fb}{
ltdLnfO{ aufpFb}
gzf gzfdf pynk'yn ub}{
dg ltdL;Fu cFWof/f]af6 pHofnf]lt/ lxF8\g yfNb}5
Tof] IfLlth k/sf] pHofnf] b]v]/
juL{o d'lQmsf] gf/f nufpFb} u/]sf]
PsLs[t hgqmflGtsf] dxfcleofg b]v]/ .
p7 p7 PF gf}hjfg l5§} p7
;+;lbo Joj:yfsf] 8f8 efFRg] u/L p7
ca ca]nf gu/f}
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To;}df 5 eljio ltd|f]
To;}df 5 ju{d'lQm xfd|f]
/ To;}df 5 ab\gfdL ;+;lbo Joj:yfsf] cGTo
of] a]nf kl5 x6\g] xf]Og
of] a]nf ;+of]un] h'/fPsf]
Oltxf;n] dfu]sf]
Ps :jfutfy{ a]nf xf] .
lk|o o'jf Û
ltdLn] /fhf agfpg] ;Qf rfxg'xG' g
/}tL agfpg] eQf klg rfxg'xG' g
cFx rfxg'xG' g,lrNnf] vf;f nQf klg
rfxg'k5{ t s]jn ju{dl' Qm
hgtfsf] hgzf;g
/ cNkdtsf] s8\3/fdf cl8\sPsf] bnfnL ;Qfsf] cGTo .
lk|o o'jf Û
ck'tf]{ k'FhLjfbL ;Qfsf hfnem]n / 5nsk6
o;sf nfhdbf{ lgot
/ o;sf /}ltx?sf] ktg
ltdLn] b]v]sf 5f}
ltdLn] k9]sf 5f}
ltdLn] ;'g]sf 5f}+
logsf ck/fw / /fi6«b|f]x
hgtf dflysf] r/d bdg / cTofrf/
>lds pTkLl8t ju{dflysf] lgs[i6 bf]xg
/fi6«dfly yf]kl/Psf] aa{/ n'6 / bnfnL
ca ltdLn] eTsfpg' k5{
v/fgL kfg{k' 5{ Vjfldtsf] ;+ljwfg
n'6xfsf] 5fnf r'xfP/ 6Ë\ofpg'k5{ Do'lhodsf leQfdf
/ 89]nf] nufpg'k5{ zf]if0fsf/L dxnx?df .
 @)*) ;fn ;fpg & ut] cfOtaf/
ax'k|ltefsf wgL sd/]8 /]zd zfx
pd]/n] pxfFsf] / d]/f] % jif{n]
km/s, hGd:yfg km/s, hflt km/s,
lhNnf km/s t/ ljrf/, l;4fGt,
efjgf / p2]Zo Pp6}, ;xsfo{ /
;xofqf Pp6}, sfd, k]Zff / ju{ Pp6}
kl5Nnf] ;do :yfoL a;f]jf; u/]kl5
ufp" klg Pp6} w]/} s'/fx?df dg
ldNg] Ps ;xof]4f /]zds'df/ zfx
ef}lts ?kn] cj xfd|f] dfem /x]gg\ .
eGb5g\– æ/fd|f dfG5]df b}jsf] klg
cf"vf nfU5 /]Æ pxfF …b}jÚ sf] cf"vf
nfUg] dfG5]x?df Ps x'g'x'GYof] .
ef}lts ?kn] xfdLaf6 ;bfsf nflu
ljbf eO;Sg' ePsf] 5 . sd/]8 /]zd
tkfO{n + fO{ xfdL ;+lem/xg] 5f}+ .
lbg lyof] – #) c;f/ @)*) .
cl:t c;f/ @& ut] laxfg dfq d
a; r8\b} lyP", xfd|f] kf6L{ g]skfsf
pkTosf Jo"/f] O~rfh{ sd/]8 s[ltn]
xfd|f] kf6L{ s]Gb|Lo ;b:o tyf pQ/
d]rL–sf]zL Jo"/f] O~rfh{ sd/]8 b]a
;Lsf] ddtfdoL cfdf lbj+ u t
kbds'df/L u'?ªsf] sf7df8f}Fdf
pkrf/sf] l;nl;nfdf lgwg ePsf]
va/ ug'{ePsf] lyof] . cfwf af6f]df
k'Ubf k|wfgdGqL s= k|r08sf wd{kTgL
;Ltf bxfnsf] lgwg ePsf] va/
;'g]+ . oL va/x?n] lgs} b'lvt
t'Nofof] . pxfFx?nfO{ k|ToIf >4f~hnL
lbg gkfP klg km];a's :6f6;dfkm{t\
æ>4f~hnLÆ n] v + ] . cfhef] l n
;fdflhs ;~hfnn] of] ;' l jwf
NofPkl5 . hfgL–ghfgL >4f~hnL /
l/k, awfO{ / z'esfdgfsf nx/}
rln/x]sf] 5 . d}n] klg hfgL–ghfgL
To;} u/]+ .
lxhf] laxfg dfq laxfg *
ah]lt/ xfd|f] kf6L{sf] tkm{af6 ;+:yfut
?kd} dxf;lrj sd/]8 ljKnj;lxt
pknAw :yfoL sld6L ;b:ox?
qmdzM k|aQmf s= k|sf08, d / s=
e/t ;L afn'jf6f/ k|wfgdGqL lgjf;d}
uP/ k|wfgdGqL k'iksdn bxfn /
b'O{ 5f]/Lx? /]0f' / u+ufnfO{ cf}krfl/s
?kdf e]6]/} ;dj]bgf lbP/ sfof{no
kmls{of}+ . sfof{no k'Ug] ljlts} km]l/
Pp6f va/ cfof] sf7df8f}s F f] Pshgf
xfd|f] kf6L{sf 8L;LPd sd/]8 s'df/sf]
hLjg ;+lugL s= kz'klt >]i7sf]
df]6/ afOs b"3{gfdf k/]/ lgwg
eof] . of] va/ ;]nfpg gkfp"b} /f]Nkf
gd"gf lhNnf ;]qm]6/L s= cldt
3tL{dfkm{t s= /]zds'df/ zfxsf]
lgwg ePsf] va/ k|fKt eof] . oL
Ps kl5 csf]{ b'Mvb 36gfx?n]
xfdLnfO{ efjgfTds ?kdf lgs} rf]6
k'¥ofPsf] 5 . o:tf va/x? xfdL
hgo'4sf] a]nf ;'Gg] uYof}+{ . hgo'4df
If0f If0fdf ;'lgg] o:tf 36gfsf
va/x?n] slxn] pT;flxt agfp"Yof]
slxn] b'lvt agfp"Yof] . lsgls To;
a]nf xfdLsxf" b'O{ lsl;dsf va/x?
cfp""Yof]– Pp6f ljho / ;kmntfsf
/ csf]{ k/fho / c;kmntfsf t/
cfh zflGtsfn 5 . km];a'sdf
>4f~hnL n]Vg]eGbf c? pT;flxt
va/x? x'"b}gg\ . awfO{, z'esfdgf
n]Vg' k¥of] eg] vfnL hGdlbgsf,
ljjfx Plge;{/Lsf afx]s c? x'b" g} .
lxhf]sf tft} va/x? klg o:t} b'lvt
t'Nofpg] va/x? g} lyP .
lxhf] lbgel/ hxf" h] u/] klg
dgdl:tisdf sd/] 8 /] z d g}
5fO/Xof] . xfd| f ] ufp" d f k' / fgf]
k/Dk/fut Pp6f rng cem} klg
5 . ufp"df ljk]afhf -dfG5] dbf{
ahfOg] zf]s afhf_ aHof] eg] sf]xL
klg ag hf"bg} g\ . p dnfdL hfg
tof/ x'G5 . k|To]s 3/af6 eP nf]Ug]
dfG5] geP 3/sf] dlxnf clgjfo{
hfg] rng 5 . of] clgjfo{ s'g} sfg"gL
jf ;+:yfut pbL{, bafa xf]Og, ufp"sf]
/Llt ;+:sf/ xf] . dg]{ dfG5] t
dl/xfNof] t/ p;sf lhp"bf ;fyLefO,
bf}tF /L, O:6ldq, ufp"n,] gfngftf Tof]
zjofqf h;nfO{ ufp"3/df dnfd hfg]
eG5g\ :jtM ;xefuL aG5g\ s;}n]
hf eGg' kb}g{ . x/]s 3/af6 Pshgf
p;nfO{ 3f6;Dd k'¥ofO{ nU5g\ cyf{t\
dg]{ dfG5]sf] gfddf clgjfo{ Ps lbg
;do 5'6fp"5g\ . lhp"bf]sf] hGtL,
dbf{sf] dnfdL eG5g\ . ;fob ;dfh
/ dflg; x'g'sf] cy{ oxL xf]nf .
sDtLdf of] clGtd If0fdf d/]sf]
dfg5]nfO{ Ps k6s prfNg kfP
cfkm\gf] dfgjLo wd{ k"/f x'G5 eGg]
rng 5 . oxL g} t dfgjLotf xf] .
of] rng ufp" 3/df cem} lhp"bf]
5 . t/ ;f]/L, d b'lvt 5' . lxhf] d
;xof]4f sd/]8 /]zdnfO{ 3f6;Dd
k'¥ofpg hfg kfOg . lsgls d Hofb}
6f9f 5' . of] s'/f sd/]8 /]zdnfO{
yfxf lyof] . clxn] k'/fgf] efiffdf h'gL
abNg' ePsf] 5 / xfd|f] gof" hdfgfdf
pxfFn] ?k kl/jt{g ug'{ ePsf] 5 .
pxfFn] of] ;+;f/sf] dxf/+ud~rdf Pp6f
;sf/fTds e"ldsf v]Ng] kfqsf] ?kdf
ljof]ufGt gf6ssf] kfqsf] /f]n v]n/]
kbf{k5fl8 ljnf]k x'g'ePsf] 5 .
d} n ] lxhf] lbgel/ uf] l jg
;xofqLn] knkndf xfln/x]sf] km];a's
nfOedf x]l//x]+ pbo cldtx?sf]
km];a's k5\ofO/x]+ . d klg ;Fu;Fu}
efgf{vf;} / dfvª em/]h:t} cg'e"lt
u/]+ . s;}n] gb]Vg] u/L pxfFsf]
;+emgfdf s]xL yf]kf cf"z' ck{0f u/]+ .
of]eGbf c? d}n] s]xL ug{ ;s]g .
sd/] 8 /] z d zfx hf] ; F u d} n ]
;f" : s[ l ts, z} l Ifs, /fhgLlts,
;+u7gfTds sfo{x?df nfdf] ;xsfo{
/ ;xofqf u/]sf] 5' . xfdL dlxgf}F
lbg ;f":s[lts 6f]nLx? lnP/ ufp"–
ufp" 3'DYof}+ . xfd|f ljrf/ dfq ldn]sf]
geP/ zf/Ll/s sb, em§ x]bf{ Ps
k6s b]v]sfnfO{ cndlng] cg'xf/
df]6fkgn] w]/n } fO{ e|d klg kf/]sf] 5 .
pxfFnfO{ s] eg] yfxf 5}g t/ dnfO{
eg] sof}+ 7fp"df /]zd ;/ eg]/
gd:sf/ vfPsf] 5' . k| z fgsf]
xfdLk|ltsf] lu4] b[li6 pxfF / xfdL
;a}df ;dfg ?kn] k/]sf] 5 . pxfFnfO{
yafªdf klg zfGtk"js { a:g lbPg .
hflu/ vfg ?s' d sf] sf] n ;Dd
;kl/jf/ k'Ug'kg]{ afWotf ag]sf]
lyof] . k~rfotsfn slt sl7g
lyof] . zf;sx? slt s7f]/ x'G5g\ .
Tof] xfdLn] ;Fu;Fu} ef]u]sf 5f}+ .
d}n] pxfFnfO{ dflj ?s'dsf]6 l:yt
?lSd0fL dfljdf ;+u7g ug{ hfg]
bf}/fgdf klxnf] kN6 lrgfhfgL eof] .
d @)#^ b]lv @)#( ;Dd ljBfyL{
;+u7g cg]/f:jljo' -5}7f}+_ sf] /f]Nkf
lhNnf cWoIf lyP" . Tof] a]nfdf
cg]/f:jljo' kfFrf}F / 5}7f}F ePsf] lyof] .
Tolt a]nf ?s'dsf]6sf] dfljsf] k|c
;/ d:taxfb'/ >]i7 x'gx' G' Yof] . pxfFn]
?s'dsf]6df ljBfyL{ ;+u7g agfpg
/ k|lzIf0fx? ug{ dnfO{ af]nfpg'
ePsf] lyof] . pxfFsf] ;xof]udf
cg]/f:jljo' ;+u7g ug{ hfg] a]nf
sd/]8 /]zd;Fu ;fIfft lrghfg
eof] . k6s–k6s uP/ a}7s /
k| l zIf0f lbPsf] 5' . To; a] n f
?s'dsf]6 dfljdf x]8;/ d:taxfb'/
>]i7 / csf]{ Ko"7fgL dflj Oª\lnz
l6r/ df]xg lu/L ;/ x'g'x'GYof] .
pxfFx?sf] 8]/f ;Fu;Fu} lyof] . ahf/df
;Gtf]if ;L
ufF;–afF; kfOFb}gYof] . d x/]s k6s
hf"bf d:t ;/sf] 8]/fd} vfg] a:g] /
lbp;f] :s'ndf sfo{qmd uy]{+ . Ps
b'O{ k6s yafªaf6 k9\g uPsf
Psfwhgf ljBfyL{x? sxf" a;]+ .
To;a]nf sd/]8 /]zd o:t} ^–&
sIffdf k9\g' x'GYof] t/ ;+u7gdf lgs}
;lqmo b]lvg'xG' Yof] . To;} qmddf Ps
k6s d ?s' d uO/x] s f] a] n f
?dfnaf/f 5] 8 feGbf cln tn
psfnf]lg/sf] Pp6f 3/sf] cf"ugdf
cfwf k'/fgf] eO;s]sf] 6fO8 lhgsf]
xfkm hf"luof nufPsf] k'8\sf]–k'8\sf]
sfnf]–sfnf] s]6f] xftdf k]lG6ª a'|z
;dft]sf] sfnf] 6f]kL nfPsf] Ps l76f]n]
dnfO{ gd:sf/ u/] . d}n] gd:sf/
t kmsf{P" t/ 7\ofs} lrlgg . pxfFn]
cfkm}F lrgfpg' eof] . d /]zd zfx,
:s'ndf ePsf] sfo{qmddf tkfO{+sf]
snfzdf a;]sf] eg] kl5 dfq d}n]
cg'dfg u/]+ / glhsaf6 lrghfg
eof] . To;a]nf Tof] cf"ugdf b]vf
k/]sf] cfs[lt cf"ugsf] 5]pdf pleP/
gd:sf/ u/]sf] ;lhj lrq clxn]
klg d]/f] dfg;–k6ndf clxn] klg
emnemnL ofb cfp" 5 . To;/L
lrghfg ePsf] /]zd zfx cflv/df
yafª cfP/ ;Fu} /fhgLltdf nfuf}n + f,
;Fu} ;f":s[lts 6f]nLsf] g]tT[ j u/f}n+ f,
;Fu;Fu} lzIf0f k]zfdf nfuf}n + f / ufp"
/ b]z lgdf{0fsf] gof" p2]Zo af]s]/
olt nfdf] ;xofqf ;Fu} u/f}+nf eGg]
lrtfOPs} lyPg . d}n] d]/f] JolQmut
/ /fhgLlts hLjgdf olt w] / }
;fyLefOx?;Fu ;fy;+ut u/]+ tLdWo]
sltko a]fnfsf c;fWo} lg0ff{os /
dxTjk"0f{ If0fx?df sd/]8 /]zd
zfx;Fu ;+ut ePsf] 5 . w]/} s'/fdf
;xof]u ug'{ ePsf] 5 . d wd]G{ b| a'9f
du/af6 ;Gtf]if a'9f du/ ag]/ gof"
/fhgLlts hLjgdf cfpg'df klg
ck|ToIf ?kn] lbj+ut d]/f] snf;;fyL
aL/]Gb| 3n] -n'u'd_, /]zd zfx dflj
sf]nsf] lzIfs, s'nfgGb lu/L yafªsf]
x]8;/ / d:taxfb'/ >]i7 dflj
?s'dsf]6sf x]8;/sf] 7"nf] e"ldsf /
;sf/fTds ;Nnfx ;'emfj /x]sf] 5 .
o:t} s]xL gsf/fTds u'?x?df xfn
lbj+ut_ s]zj/fh >]i7 / tTsflng
:s'n cWoIf tyf sfjf k|wfgk~r
adf{ g /f] s f, /f] N kfsf sf" u | ] ; sf
g]tfx?, gf/fo0f k|;fb a:g]t /
kl5Nnf] ;dodf tTsflng ;L8Lcf]
;fg' a fa' vqL x' g ' x ' G Yof] . oL
;sf/fTds / gsf/fTds u'?x?df
;sf/fTds e"ldsf v]Ng]df sd/]8
/]zd zfx Ps hgf x'g'x'GYof] .
;fdfGo ls;fg kl/jf/df a'jf
aL/axfb'/ zfx / cfdf df]tLs'df/L
zfxsf] sf]vaf6 klxnf] ;Gtfgsf]
?kdf s= /]zd zfx lj=;= @)@#
sflt{s ( ut] tTsflng zf]ef ufp"
k~rfot j8f g+ ! afx'gyfgfdf hGdg'
ePsf] lyof] . sd/]8 /]zd zfxn]
a]n}df !& jif{s} pd]/df @)$)
;fnsf] P;Pn;L af]8{ k/LIff pQL0f{
u/L yafªdf df:6/ x'g cfpg' xfd|f]
nflu ;+of]usf] s'/f lyof] . pxfFn]
lzIf0f sfo{ ubf{ub}{ dflj yafªs}
lzlIfsf d"NHof]lt /f]sf;Fu k|d ] ljjfx
ug'{eof] . pxfFn] yafªd} ljjfx u/L
:yfoL ?kn] 3/hd u/L a:g' eof] /
ca pxfF slxNo} ?s'd kmls{g' ePg,
pxfF ca ?s'd] xf]Og yafËL eP/
a:g' eof] . o;kl5 pxfFn] cfkm\gf]
af"sL hLjg yafªd} ljtfpg' eof] .
?s'daf6 z'? ug'{ePsf] l5kl5k]
/fhgLltn] yafªdf cfP/ k"0f{tf /
kl/kSjtf k|fKt u¥of] . pxfFn] yafªd}
g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{ dzfnsf] ;b:o
x'b" } yafªs} /fhgLlt;Fu x]lnb} cfp"bf
dzfn, Pstf s]Gb|, dfcf]jfbL /
kl5Nnf] ;dodf g]kfn sDo'lg:6
kf6L{df cfj4 x'gx' G' Yof] . pxfFn] nfdf]
;do lzIf0f k]zfdf /x]/ /fhgLlt /
lzIf0f k]zfnfO{ ;Fu;Fu} c"ufNb} kl5Nnf
6'6k"m6x?df klg k|r08 / ls/0fx?sf]
/fhgLltn] pxfFnfO{ k|efj kf/]g / s=
ljKnj g]tT[ jsf] g]skfd} /x]/ ;dfh
;]jf ub}{ cfpg' ePsf] lyof] .
pxfFn] @)$) b]lv @)^* ;Dd
ljleGg :s'n rfxfg'{ eof] . pxfFn]
z'?df dflj yafªaf6} z}Ifl0fs ofqf
z'? ug'e{ of] . Toxf"af6 uf]afª, bxafª,
d/fGyfg, aLrdf dflj sf] n df
>Ldfg\÷>LdtL g} uP/ k9fpg' eof] .
clGtddf xfdL pxfFx?;Fu} k~rfotsf]
cGt kZrft dfq @)$^ ;fndf
;Fu;Fu} :yfoL lgo'lQm kfof}+ . o;kl5
dfq of] 3'dGt] lzIf0f k]zfn] cln
:yfloTj kfof] . xfd|f] Tof] 3'dGt]
lzIf0fsf] Pp6} sf/0f /fhgLlts
k"jf{u|x lyof] . o;aLrdf pxfFn]
hgo'4sf sl7g If0fdf klg pxfFn]
lgs} oftgf / ;f:tL ef]Ug' eof] t/
cf:yf 9fNg' ePg . pxfFnfO{ k9fp"bf
k9fp"b} lu/km\tf/ u/]/ ( dlxgf h]n
oftgf lbP . hfuL/af6 avf{:t ;d]t
u/] . pxfFn] qmflGtsf/L /fhgLlt;Fu}
g /fhgLlt 5f]8\g' eof] g hflu/ .
@)$) b]lv c6'6 ?kdf @)^* ;Dd
lzIf0f k]zfd} /xg' eof] en} slxn]
;?jf, slxn] avf{:tL lsg gu?g\ .
pxfFn] $) b]lv $^ sf s'n @*
jif{x?df ^ jif{ c:yfoL lzIfssf]
?kdf / $^ kl5 :yfoL lzIfssf]
?kdf k9fpg' eof] . hgo'4sf sl7g
cjlwdf c? lzIfsx? h:t} pxfF
klg avf{:tLdf kg'e { of] . o;aLrdf
pxfF n ] Jofkf/ ljlhg] z klg
;kmntfk"j{s ug'{eof] . ;dfh ;]jf
nfUg'eof] . Ps cjlw dflj yafªsf]
ljBfno Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf] cWoIf
klg aGg' eof] . @)$& b]lv @)%@
sf] aLrdf hgo'4sf] tof/Lsf] qmddf
xfdL ;Fu} hgtf hufpg :s'nsf
s] 6 fs] 6 Lx?nfO{ lnP/ hgr] t gf
cleofg rnfof} + . ufp" u fp" d f
dlxgf}+;Dd ;f":s[lts cleofgx?
rnfof}+ . pxfFdf /fd|f /fd|f uLt /rgf
ug],{ zAbx?sf] rog / To;nfO{ nf]s
nodf 9fNg] /fd|f] snf / k|ltef lyof] .
pxfFn] uLt klg ufpg'xG' Yof] /fd|f]
xfdf]{lgod afws klg x'g\ . pxfF
Pshgf s'zn cfl6{i6 klg x'g\ .
@)$& df hgr] t gf cleofg,
@)$*÷$( sf ;+;bLo / :yfgLo
r'gfjtfsf e08fkmf]/ cleofgx?df
pxfFn] k"/} ;do ;Fu} lxF8o\ f}+ . @)%)
kl5 k|lt/f]wsf] r]tgf hufpg /
@)%!÷%@ lt/ ljb|fx] sf] uLt ufp"b}
ufp"–ufp"df ;Fu} lxF8o\ f}+ . o;/L hgo'4sf]
tof/Ldf pxfFn] ;f+uLlts If]qaf6 v]Ng'
ePsf] e"ldsf dxTjk"0f{ 5 .
sd/]8 /]zd zfxsf kl/jf/ ;fgf]
kl/jf/ ;'vL kl/jf/ lyof] . Ps 5f]/L
c0f' / Ps 5f]/f cfnf]s . xfn b'a}
5f]/f5f]/Ln] ljjfx u/L b'a} gflt–
gfltgf 5g\ . pxfFnfO{ hflu/af6
avf{:t u/]kl5 3/d} k;n /fv]/
Jofkf/ ljlhg]z u/]/ s]6fs]6L x'sf{pg'
eof], k9fpg' eof] . ;Fu;Fu} ;fdflhs
;]jfdf klg nflu /xg'eof] / ufp"df
:yfgLo /fhgLlt klg 5f]8g\ ' ePg . .
o;} qmddf ut b'O{ jif{ cufl8
pxfFnfO{ kIf3ft eof] . clxn] pxfF
u+eL/ k|s[ltsf kIf3ftaf6 kLl8t
x'g'x'GYof] . o;}df ;'u/ k|];/ klg
ylkPkl5 /f]un] Rofk]/ Nofof] /
kl/jf/x?n] pxfFnfO{ yk pkrf/sf]
lglDt g]kfnu~h n}hfg' eof] t/ ;a}
k|of;x? c;kmn ePkZrft pxfFnfO{
3/lkmtf{ Nofpg' eof] . o;aLr lxhf]
dfq} pxfFsf] 3/d} lgwg ePsf] 5 . pxfFn]
kf6L{, qmflGt / ;dfh ;]jfdf u/]sf]
dxTjk"0f{ of]ubfgsf] xfd|f] kf6L{ pRr sb/
ub{5 . pxfFn] u/]sf oL sfo{x? cg's/0fLo
/ lzIffk|b 5g\ . oL ;sf/fTds sfo{x?
;a}n] l;Sgof]Uo 5g\ .
Pp6f oyft{ ha hf]–sf]xL yafª
k:5, k:g] ljlQs} ;a}sf] lj;fpg] /
7xl/g] ynf] ag]sf] x'GYof] pxfFsf] 3/,
3/–cf"ugdf kfOnf] 6]Sg] ljlts}
gd:sf/ ub}{ :jfu–;Ddfg ug]{ /]zd
zfxsf] 3/df Pp6f rLh ;w} +
v8\ls/xg] 5, Tof] xf] gd:sf/ ;/
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sfdgf . ca Toxf" k'Ubf ljlts} /]zd
;/ eg]/ af]nfpg] / gb]Vbf klg /]zd
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kl/jf/hgdf w}o{wf/0fsf] sfdgf
ub{5' . km]l/ klg qmflGtsf/Lx? ;dfh
abNg] ;h{sx? cln af"lrlbP Tof]
;dfh / kl/jt{gnfO{ kmfObf x'g]
lyof] . pxfFsf] %& jif{s} pd]/df ePsf]
c;fdlos lgwgn] xfdLnfO{ h?/
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;xg ug'{sf] ljsNk 5}g . pxfFsf] of]
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u/L sf]le8 !( otf dfq yafªn]
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kms{axfb'/ a'9f s= -pHjn_, lxthL
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 8 sf= lh= k|= sf= b= g+= !^#÷@)^#÷^$
;dfhjfb :yfkgf=====
k| u ltzLn, jfdkGyL, b] z eQm
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pgn] dfcf]jfbL s]Gb|, PsLs[t
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g]skf ;xefuL ;dfhjfbL df]rf{ dfq
geO{ ;a} g]kfnsf sDo'lgi6, qmflGtsf/L,
k|ultzLn zlQmx?nfO{ ;d]t ;xefuL
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x]g' { x'bF g} , o;sf] p2]Zo ;a} ;dfhjfb
rfxg] zlQmnfO{ ;d]6g\ ] 5 . o;df Pdfn],
tyf sfFu;] | leqsf k|ultzLn ;dfhjfbL
klg cfpg ;S5g\ .Ú
k|jQmf k|sf08n] g]kfndf ca
;+;bLo Joj:yfsf] 7fpFdf g]kfnL
ljz] i ftfsf] ;dfhjfbL u0ftGq
:yfkgf clgjfo{ ePsf] atfP .
– a;Gt las
qmflGtsf/L=====
j} B sf] tTsfnLg qmflGtsf/L
dfcf]jfbLdf lano ePsf] lgisif{
lgsfn]sf] 5 . otf tTsfnLg j}B
g]tT[ jsf] g]skf -qmflGtsf/L dfcf]jfbL_
df klg Pstfn] 7"nf] c;Gt'li6 5 .
s]xL dlxgfb]lv ;f] kf6L{ kl/Tofu
ug]x{ ?sf] nsf]{ g} nfu]sf] 5 .
o; ljifodf qmflGtsf/L sDo'lg:6
kf6L{, g]kfnsf dxflwj]zg cfof]hs
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;ldlt ;b:o tyf qmflGtsf/L o'jf
lnu g]kfnsf s]Gb|Lo ;lrj /ljg
lnDa", ! g+= k|bz] ;ldlt ;b:o tyf
kf6L{sf ef]hk'/ lhNnf ;]qm]6/L w|a'
/fh /fO{, ! g+= k|bz ] ;ldlt ;b:o
tyf kf6L{sf wgs'6f lhNnf ;]qm]6/L
cfnf]s >]i7, ! g+= k|bz ] sld6L ;b:o
r'gf v'nfn sfsL{, # g+= k|bz ] sld6L
;b:o tyf tfdfª /fli6«o d'lQm df]rf{sf
s]Gb|Lo pkfWoIf ljho :ofª\tfg;lxtn]
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s]Gb|Lo sfof{no s'kf]G8f]n
sd/]8 cWoIf, g]skf -qmflGtsf/L
dfcf]jfbL_ / g]skf -ax'dt_ ljrsf]
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bnbndf km;fpg] sfd eof] . gofF
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k|ltj]bgdf pNn]v u/] klg gofF
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g]kfnL hgjfbL qmflGtsf] ;fdl/s
sfo{lbzfdf bL3{sfnLg hgo'4sf]
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ul/g'sf ;fy} k|ljlw / k|fljlws
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ul/Pg . ;+ 3 if{ ; DaGwL ljifodf
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lng] k|Zgdf s'g} 7f]if sbd rflnPg .
ju{;3 + if{df kf6L{sf] e"ldsfnfO{ k'/}
gh/cGbfh ul/of] . :yfgLo hg;Qf
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lgdf{ 0 f ul/Pg . cfnf] r gf
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c:jLsf/ ul/of] / kf6L{ leq k}bf x'g]
km/s dtk|lt / zq'tfk"0f{ vfnsf]
Jojxf/ kf6L{leq km/s dt /fv]s}
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tyf ;f+u7lgs ljifodf k}bf ePsf
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ljwfg ldr]/ ;+u7gfTds ljlw, k4lt
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sltko sd/]8x?sf] kbLo cfsf+Iff
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E-mail : chhepyastra@gmail.com,website: www.janakhabar.com d'bs
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kf6L{df ;f+:s[lts ?kfGt/0f / tt\
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;dfhjfbL=====
v'Nnf lbnn] Pdfn]nufotnfO{ klg
;dfhjfbL df]rf{df Nofpg ;f]Rg'
kb{5 . of] s'g} Pp6f kf6L{sf] nflu
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cfof]lht ;dfhjfbL df]rf{sf] 3f]if0ff
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;a}df cg'/f]w ul/G5 .
If]Kof:q k|sfzg s]Gb|
yfkfufp“, sf7df8f},+ kmf]gM (*$!$)#*%!
E-mail : chhepyastra@gmail.com
janakhabar@gmail.com
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;fd|fHojfbsf]=====
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ul/;s]sf] 5 .
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