Ky yeu Hoi ngh Sinh vien NCKH 2007

NG DUNG PHAN MEM TNH KET CAU

E TNH CONG TRNH CHU ONG AT
Tac gia: Nguyen Hoai Nam X03A2

1. TOM TAT E TAI

e tai gii thieu 3 phng phap tnh cong trnh chu ong at theo tieu chuan Viet Nam
va tieu chuan UBC 94 vi s tr giup cua cac phan men tnh ket cau.

2. AT VAN E

Nam 2006, Bo Xay dng a ban hanh tieu chuan thiet ke cong trnh chu ong at
375:2006. Trong o, phan ln noi dung tieu chuan yeu cau tnh toan da vao ng pho phan
ng. Ben canh o, phng phap phan tch lch s thi gian cung khuyen khch c dung. Ca
hai phng phap nay con kha mi me Viet Nam so vi phng phap tai trong ngang tnh
tng ng. Hien nay, cac phan mem tnh ket cau Sap2000, Etabs la nhng phan mem rat
quen thuoc vi cac ky s ket cau va chung eu co the tnh c cong trnh chu ong at theo
ba phng phap tren mot cach chnh xac va nhanh gon. Tuy nhien, cac ky s van gap kho
khan khi ap dung vao tnh toan v s phc tap cua bai toan ong lc hoc khi ap dung vao tng
cong trnh cu the. Neu khong hieu ro van e co the dan en nhng sai sot rat nghiem trong
trong thiet ke.

3. PHNG PHAP TNH TAI NGANG TNG NG

3.1. THEO TIEU CHUAN UBC 94

Trong pham vi e tai, ch gii thieu cach phan tch tnh lc ngang tng ng theo tieu
chuan xay dng thong nhat UBC 1994.
Tac ong cua ong at c quy thanh lc ngang tng ng tai mong.
Z .I .C
V= .W
RW

Trong o:
Rw - la he so hieu chnh phan ng. Gia tr cua Rw c cho trong bang 2 cua tieu
chuan UBC 94
W la tong tai trong tnh cua cong trnh va thanh phan tai khac co the gay tac dung
en cong trnh.

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Z - la he so a chan phan theo vung vi cac gia tr t 0,4 trong vung 4, 0,3 trong
vung 3, 0,2 trong vung 2B, 0,15 trong vung 2A, 0,075 trong vung 1 va 0 trong vung 0.
Gia tr phu hp cua Z c nh ngha cho Ustate bi mot ban o phan vung c chia
thanh tng vung bieu th 5 cap o cua ong at.
C - la mot he so bieu th moi quan he vi chu ky dao ong c ban cua ket cau (T),
bao gom he so ng s cua ket cau tai v tr xay dng S, C c cho bi moi quan he
sau:
1, 25.S
C=
T 2/3
S la he so cua v tr xay dng voi gia tr 1,0; 1,2; 1,5 va 2 c nh ngha trong tieu
chuan UBC 94
I - la he so quan trong vi 4 thuoc tnh cua cong trnh sau: tnh chat cong trnh, s
nguy hiem cua cong trnh, s ac biet cua cong trnh, va cap cua cong trnh c cho
trong ieu 305 va 306 cua tieu chuan UBC.
T - chu ky dao ong c ban cua ket cau.
Lc cat tai mong se c phan bo cho tng tang cua cong trnh theo cong thc sau:
(V Ft )Wx .hx
Fx = n

W .h
i =1
i i

Trong o:
Wx, hx khoi lng va chuyen v ngang cua tang x.
Wi, hi khoi lng va chuyen v ngang cua tang i.
V lc cat tai mong.
Ft lc ngang phu them nh nha. Ft= 0,007 T.V
Mo men xoan theo phng ngang tai moi tang c xac nh bang tch so cua lc cat tai
moi tang va ket qua o lech tam c tnh toan t tam khoi lng va tam cng cua moi tang.
o lech tam ngau nhien c lay bang 5% be rong cua cong trnh ma no vuong goc vi
phng cua lc cat.
Xem tai ong at nh mot tai trong va to hp vi cac tai trong khac nh tnh tai, hoat
tai. He so to hp phai tuan theo tieu chuan UBC 94. Chu y rang, khong thc hien to hp
gia tai trong do gio va ong at do to hp nay khong thc te va cho ra gia tr rat ln.

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Bang khai bao cac gia tr cho viec tnh toan theo TC UBC 94

3.2. THEO TIEU CHUAN VIET NAM

Tong lc cat tai mong Ft = . Sa(T).M

he so ieu chnh
Sa(T) - gia tr pho thiet ke gia toc gia tng ng vi chu ky T. c xac nh theo
tieu TCXDVN 375 :2006
M tong khoi lng ket cau
T chu ky dao ong c ban cua cong trnh BTCT co chieu cao di 40m, xac nh
gan ung theo cong thc : T = Ct * (H)3/4
sm
Tong lc cat mong c phan bo cho tng tang : Fi = Fb i i

sjmj
si, sj lan lt la chuyen v ngang ty oi tai tang th i, j cua dao ong c ban
mi, mj lan lt la khoi lng cua tang th i, j
Sau khi co c lc cat tai tng tang, ta nhap cac lc nay vao mo hnh trong phan mem
tai tam khoi lng cua san cng. Tien hanh to hp tai ong at vi cac loai tai trong khac
vi he so to hp theo tieu chuan.

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4. PHNG PHAP PHO PHAN NG

ay la mot phng phap d oan phan ng ln nhat cua he chu tac ong ong at da
vao so lieu cua cac tran ong at xay ra trc o.

4.1. CACH XAY DNG PHO PHAN NG

y + yo
T = 2,4s m
F
y

T = 0,1s
yo Giam chan K
yo

Gia toc

Pho phan ng
Gia toc
Max 0
Max T1

Gia toc at nen Max

T2
T
Chu k
y

n
i gia
T h

ng x cua he
vi chu ky T1
ng x cua he
vi chu ky T2

Cach xay dng pho phan ng.

Pho phan ng cua 5 loai at nen

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Thong thng, ngi ta ch o gia tr cc ai cua chuyen v. V vay, ch thu c pho

phan ng chuyen v that. T that ay e phan biet vi t gia cua pho phan ng van
toc gia va pho phan ng gia toc gia. V 2 loai pho nay c suy ra t pho phan ng
chuyen v tren c s dao ong cua he mot bac t do. Phng trnh dao ong co dang:
u = uo sin t .

2
Gia tr pho van toc c suy t pho chuyen v : Sv = S d hay Sv = Sd
T
Gia tr pho gia toc c suy t pho chuyen v : S a = Sv = 2 Sd .

4.2. LY THUYET TNH TOAN

Bc 1: xac nh chu ky va tan so dao ong cua moi mode dao ong
Bc 2: xac nh phan ng ng vi moi dang dao ong
Xac nh gia tr pho thiet ke gia toc Sa(Tn) cua mode n ng vi chu ky dao ong Tn
Sa (Tn )
Phan ng ln nhat cua mode n : y(Tn )max =
n2

Chuyen v ln nhat cua ket cau ng vi mode n: un = y ( Tn )max n

n la mode Shape th n.

Co chuyen v cua tng iem, ap dung cac cong thc cua phan t hu han cho bai toan
tnh thong thng, ta se co c noi lc cua phan t.
Bc 3 : to hp phan ng t cac mode
Phng phap SRSS ( Square Root Of The Sum Of The Squares)
ay la phng phap can bac 2 tong bnh phng cac ng x cua cac mode e co c
ng x cua ket cau trong mot phng.

F = e12 + e22 + ... + en2

Phng phap CQC (Complete Quadratic Combination)

Goi en va em la noi lc c tnh toan ng vi mode n va mode m. Noi lc cc ai se
c xac nh theo dang bieu thc co dang tong kep sau:

F= e .
n m
n e
nm m

Tong kep c thc hien tren toan bo cac mode c khao sat. nm la he so lien ket

gia mode n va mode m. Phu thuoc vao ty so can va vao tan so rieng.

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8 (1 + r )r 3/ 2
nm =
(1 r 2 ) 2 + 4 2 r (1 + r )
2

Vi r = n / m . Cac he so eu dng va nho hn hoac bang 1.

Bc 4: to hp phan ng t cac phng khac nhau

Fmax = F02 + F902 + Fz2

F0, F90 la cac ap ng do tac ong theo hai phng ngang vuong goc nhau, va Fz la ap
ng do tac ong theo phng thang ng

4.3. NG DUNG TRONG CAC PHAN MEM TNH KET CAU SAP2000, ETABS

4.3.1. TAI GIA TOC

Tai gia toc c dung e mo ta chuyen ong cua at nen va c dung e tnh tai trong
cho cong trnh trong phng phap pho phan ng va phng phap lch s thi gian.
Khi nh ngha tai gia toc, chng trnh se t ong tnh toan cho ca 3 phng phu thuoc
vao o ln cua gia toc nen.
e co c tai gia toc theo 3 phng, phai co khoi lng tng ng theo 3 phng mx ,
my , mz e tao ra lc quan tnh.
Khong the tao ra tai gia toc hng tam ma ch co the tao ra tai gia toc thang v ta ang
dung he toa o thang vuong goc ch khong dung he toa o tru hoac he toa o cau.
Tai gia toc co the tao ra vi tat ca cac loai phan t tr loai phan t Asolid.
Trong he toa o a phng cua phng phap pho phan ng phng phap lch s thi
gian, tai gia toc co chieu doc theo chieu dng cua truc 1,2,3 thuoc U1, U2, U3.

4.3.2. HE TOA O A PHNG CUA PHO PHAN NG

Moi pho phan ng co mot he toa o a phng cua rieng no, c dung e xac nh
phng cua lc do gia toc nen gay ra. He truc toa o a phng nay bieu dien bi 3 truc 1,2
va 3. c xac nh da theo he truc toa o tong the X,Y va Z.

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Z Z,3

ang

Global
csys

ang 2
ang
X X
Y Y
1

Hnh. He truc toa o a phng cua pho phan ng

4.3.3. NG CONG PHO PHAN NG

ng cong pho theo moi phng c thiet lap t cac ham co san trong Etabs hoac t
ham do ngi thiet ke xay dng. Neu dai chu ky cua pho phan ng khong c nh ngha u
cho dai chu ky dao ong cac mode cua ket cau, ng pho phan ng se t ong c m rong
cho nhng chu ky cha c nh ngha. Gia toc ng vi nhng chu ky o la hang so va co gia
tr bang vi gia toc tai iem c nh ngha gan o nhat.

4.3.4. TRNH T KHAI BAO

Bc 1. Khai bao khoi lng

Chu y khi khai bao nguon tao khoi lng (Mass Source)
From Shelf: khoi lng c tnh t khoi lng rieng = / g

From Load: khoi lng c tnh t trong lng rieng

From Speccified Mass: khoi lng c nhap trc tiep vao ket cau.
Neu khong chon ung cach co the se gay d hoac thieu khoi lng cho cong trnh, anh
hng en gia tr chu ky dao ong lam ngi thiet ke de lam tng cong trnh a thieu hoac
u o cng.
Bc 2. Khai bao so mode can e phan tch dao ong.
Moi mode co mot s ong gop khac nhau vao dao ong theo phng ang xet.
TCXDVN 375:2006 quy nh Tong cac khoi lng hu hieu cua cac dang dao ong c xet
chiem t nhat 90% tong khoi lng cua ket cau. Xac nh t ket qua phan tch.
Xac nh tong khoi lng hu hieu cua cac dang dao ong c xet en.

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Bc 3. nh ngha ham pho phan ng.

Trong Etabs co san cac ham pho phan ng cua tieu chuan mot so nc. Tuy nhien ta
khong the dung c v moi pho phan ng c lap vi mot vung at va nhng ieu kien tnh
toan i kem. e tai a xay dng c 5 ng pho phan ng ng vi 5 loai at nen theo
TCXDVN 375:2006. Chu ky 0 < T < 4s c xay dng theo pho gia toc, chu ky 4 < T <10s
c xay dng theo pho chuyen v.
Di ay la v du ng pho gia toc e tai a xay dng c theo tieu chuan Viet Nam
vi nen at loai A. Dai chu ky t 0 en 10s. tung o cua ng pho c chia cho ag. xem
TCXDVN 375:2006 e biet cach dng ng pho.

Hnh. Pho phan ng at loai A theo TCXDVN

Bc 4. nh ngha trng hp tai

V tung o cua pho phan ng a chia cho ag nen trong nh ngha trng hp ng pho
phan ng (Response Spectrum Case). Ta phai nhan gia toc nen vi n v tng ng vao he so
khuech ai Scale Factor vi gia tr : ag*g*he so khuech ai theo phng ang xet. V du, tac
ong cua pho A len phng U1, U2 la 100% (Scale Factor = 1). Tac ong cua pho A len
phng U3 la 40% (Scale Factor = 0,4 ).

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Hnh. nh ngha phan tch pho phan ng

nh ngha phng php to hp phan ng t cac mode (Modal Combination)

S to hp cac dang dao ong theo mot phng nhat nh c thc hien bang cac
phng phap sau:
Phng phap CQC (Complete Quadratic Combination)
Phng phap SRSS ( Square Root of the Sum Squares).
Phng phap tong tuyet oi (Absolute Sum Method)
Phng phap an toan nhat e xac nh chuyen v hay noi lc cc ai trong ket cau la lay
tong gia tr tuyet oi cac ng x cua tng mode. Phng phap nay gia thiet rang cac gia tr
phan ng cua tat ca cac mode xay ra tai cung mot thi iem. ieu nay thng khong phu hp
vi thc te va cho ket qua qua ln.
nh ngha phng phap to hp phan ng t cac phng (Directional Combination)
Phng phap SRSS. ( Square Root of the Sum Squares).
Phng phap tong tuyet oi (Absolute Sum Method).
He so giam chan co the lay 0.05 vi betong va 0.03 oi vi thep. Xem phu luc cua e
tai e tham khao chon cach he so giam chan
TRNH T TNH TOAN CUA PHAN MEM
Phan mem phan tch dao ong thanh cac mode dao ong va tnh toan tan so dao ong t
nhien n va ham dang n . Gia tr gia toc dung cho moi mode trong moi phng se c noi

suy t ng pho phan ng a nh ngha theo phng o ng vi chu ky dao ong rieng va
he so giam chan cua mode o. Khi co c gia tr gia toc gia ng vi moi mode, phan mem
se tnh c chuyen v cua tng bac t do, ket hp vi ieu kien bien va khoi lng ma ta
khai bao cho tng phan t, phan mem se tnh c noi lc cua tng phan t theo cac cong
thc cua phan t hu han. Cac bc tren c tnh toan oc lap cho tng mode dao ong theo
mot phng. Sau o, phan mem t ong to hp noi lc, ng suat va chuyen v t cac mode
theo phng phap ma ta a nh ngha e c gia tr tong the trong ket cau cua mot phng
(Modal Combination). e c gia tr ng x cua ket cau trong khong gian, phan mem se t
ong to hp t cac phng khac nhau (Directional Combination).
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Phan lc va momen tai mong luon tuan theo he truc toa o a phng cua pho phan
ng.
Bc 5. To hp noi lc vi cac trng hp tai khac.
Ta nh ngha cac to hp tai trong, xem trng hp tai ong at nh mot trng hp tai.
He so to hp phai tuan theo TCXDVN 375:2006.

4.4. KIEM TRA LAI LC TAC ONG TAI CAC TANG BANG PHNG

PHAP TNH TAY THEO PHO PHAN NG

Xuat bang he so khoi lng hu hieu tham gia cua cac dang dao ong; chon nhng
mode co he so tham gia ln theo phng ang xet e tnh. So mode chon thoa ieu kien cua
TCXDVN 375:2006.
Xac nh he so tam quan trong , he so ng x cua ket cau q
Xac nh loai at e co S, TB, TC, TD e tnh gia tr pho thiet ke Sa(Tn).
2
n
Xi,1.Mi
Tong khoi lng hu hieu cua mode n : Mx1 = i=1n

Xi,12 .M
i=1

Hoac Mx1 = he so tham gia khoi lng*M

Tong lc cat cua mode n: Fx1 = Sa ( T1 ) .Mx1

sm
Phan phoi lc ngang len tng tang: Fi = Fb i i
;(si, sj chuyen v ngang ty oi tang i,j)
sjmj
5. PHNG PHAP PHAN TCH ONG LC HOC KET CAU THEO LCH S

THI GIAN

Phng phap cong tac dung hoac phng phap pho c phac thao phan trc rat hu
dung cho phan tch an hoi cua ket cau. No khong trc tiep ap dung c cho viec phan tch
khong an hoi bi v nguyen tac c ban cua cong tac dung khong con phu hp na. Hn na,
s phan tch kho tranh khoi sai so von co cua phng phap cong tac dung mo hnh. Xet cho
cung, phng phap to hp ng x cua ket cau t cac dang dao ong khac nhau la mot ky thuat
co xac suat chnh xac nhat nh. Va trong mot so trng hp, co the tao ra nhng ket qua
mieu ta khong tron ven ng x thc s cua ket cau. Phng phap phan tch lch s thi gian
khac phuc hai nhc iem nay. Nhng no oi hoi mot khoi lng tnh toan ln. No khong n

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thuan la mot cong cu e phan tch trong viec thiet ke cua cong trnh. No co the cho ta biet ng
x thc te cua cong trnh trong tng thi iem xay ra ong at.
Phng phap nay da vao tch phan tng bc ma pham vi thi gian th c xac nh
trong lng so gia nho t ; va trong moi khoang thi gian, ket qua cua phng trnh c giai

trc o c dung nh thong so au vao cho bc tiep theo. Phng phap nay thch hp cho
ca phan tch an hoi tuyen tnh va khong an hoi tuyen tnh. V no mo ta c s thay oi o
cng cua ket cau do s hnh thanh khp deo. o cng cua ket cau se c tnh toan lai sau
moi bc tnh toan da vao ket qua cua bc trc o.

5.1. C S LY THUYET

Ta co the ly tng hoa cong trnh N tang thanh he co khoi lng tap trung at tai moi
tang. Phng trnh chuyen ong tong quat cua he N tang.

m.u&&(t ) + C.u& (t ) + K .u (t ) = mx u&&gx (t ) + m y u&&gy (t ) + mz u&&gz (t )

Phng trnh nay khong the giai trc tiep c. Phng trnh dao ong cho dang dao
ong th n cua cong trnh nhieu tang a c ly tng hoa:
L
Y&&n + 2 nnY&n + 2 nYn = n .u&&g (t ) (*)
Mn
N N
Ln = m j jn va M n = m j 2 jn
j =1 j =1

ay ch la phng trnh dao ong cua he mot bac t do vi tan so dao ong t nhien n

Ln
va he so giam chan n c kch thch bac (degree) bi gia toc nen u&&g (t ) .
Mn

Giai phng trnh tren ta c :

t
L 1
u&&g ( ) exp [ nn (t ) ] sin [nD (t ) ] d
M n nD 0
Yn (t ) = n .
(**)
nD = 1 n 2

S ong gop cua mode n vao chuyen v tai tang th j u j (t )

u jn (t ) = Yn (t ) jn ; j = 1,2,3,N. (58)

Bien dang cua tang tren so vi tang di:

jn (t ) = u jn (t ) u j 1,n (t )

Lc ngang tac dung tai tng tang cua mode n:

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f n (t ) = Kun (t ) hay f n (t ) = KnYn (t ) hay f n (t ) = mn .nYn (t )
2

Lc ngang tac dung tai tang th j cua mode n:

f jn (t ) = m jn 2 . jnYn (t )

Lc cat tai mong va momen c tnh:

N N
V0 n (t ) = f jn (t ) ; M 0 n (t ) = h j f jn (t )
j =1 j =1

Trong moi bc thi gian, ng x tong the cua ket cau c xac nh bang cach ket hp
ng x cua tat ca cac mode dao ong.
N
r (t ) = rn (t )
n =1

5.2. TRNH T PHAN TCH

May tnh se mo hnh hoa ket cau va lap ra phng trnh dao ong cua moi dang dao
ong (mode). Ta co the xac lap he so cam ng vi moi dang dao ong. S bien thien cua gia
toc trong toan bo qua trnh ong at se c chia ra tng bc thi gian nho e phan tch. o
ln cua bc thi gian nay c xac lap bi ngi thiet ke. Trong moi bc thi gian, gia toc
xem nh thay oi tuyen tnh.
May tnh se tch phan tng bc phng trnh dao ong trong tng bc thi gian. Ket
qua cua bc trc se la ieu kien ban au cua bc ke tiep. Bc tch phan nay co the dien
ra theo 2 cach:
Neu tch phan trc tiep phng trnh dao ong tong the th goi la phng phap tch phan
trc tiep (Direct Integration), ch co Sap2000.
Neu tch phan phng trnh dao ong cua cac dang dao ong goi la phng phap tch
phan dang dao ong (Modal). Etabs ch dung cach tch phan nay v no cho ra ket qua kha
chnh xac vi nha cao tang.
Trong moi bc thi gian, ng x cua ket cau se c tnh toan trong tat ca cac phan t.
Sau o se c cong lai e c ng x tong the cua ket cau cho en thi iem o. ay
khong phai la ng x rieng cua ket cau trong bc thi gian o, v sau moi bc thi gian th
gia tr ng x eu c lu lai va lay o lam gia tr au vao cho bc ke tiep. Cach ket hp
nay loai tr hoan toan c cach to hp theo xac suat cua phng phap to hp t cac dang
dao ong trong pho phan ng.
NHAN XET

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ng x cua ket cau vi moi bang gia toc se khac nhau. e co c gia tr thiet ke cho
ket cau, ta phai chay mo hnh vi rat nhieu bang gia toc khac nhau. ieu kien cua Viet
Nam khong co ieu kien ghi lai c tat ca cac tran ong at a xay ra.
e khac phuc kho khan nay, luan van thac s cua Th.s ao nh Nhan a a ra mot
phng phap mo phong tai trong ong at c s dung e phat sinh cac bang gia toc, t o
se phan tch mot ket cau cu the nham tnh toan phan ng cua no vi cac bang gia toc a mo
phong. Ket qua phan ng c bieu dien di dang cac bieu o tan suat tch luy.
Ngoai ra, ta co the tham khao cac bang gia toc ghi lai c t cac tran ong at xay ra
tren the gii trong d lieu phan mem Etabs hoac tren mang Internet.

5.3. PHNG PHAP TCH PHAN DANG DAO ONG (MODAL

INTEGRATION)

Phng phap da tren nguyen ly cong tac dung mo hnh la mot phng phap mang lai
hieu qua cao va chnh xac cho phan tch lch s thi gian. Phng phap nay cung phan tch
da tren cac mode dao ong nhng khac phng phap phan tch trong pho phan ng cho: no
thc hien viec tch phan khep kn ong thi cho tat ca cac mode dao ong c xet trong tng
bc thi gian. Va tien hanh ket hp ng x cua ket cau lai ngay khi chung c tnh toan
xong e cho ra ng x tong the cua ket cau cho en thi iem o.
Ta tha nhan rang trong moi bc thi gian, gia toc thay oi tuyen tnh. Va neu bc
thi gian xuat ra nho hn bc thi gian au vao th gia tr gia toc gia hai iem thi gian
au vao se c noi suy tuyen tnh. Ngi ta thng lay bc cua thi gian xuat ra khoang
1/10 chu ky cua mode cao nhat (1/25 1/50s)

5.4. TRNH T KHAI BAO

5.4.1. NH NGHA HAM THI GIAN ( TIME HISTORY FUNCTIONS)

1) Chon Browse va ch ng dan en th muc cha file ham thi gian.

2) Chon View File e xem hnh thc trnh bay cua File phuc vu cho viec khai bao.

3) Neu File co dang gia tr va thi gian tng ng th chon Time and Function Values.

Neu File co dang gia tr o cach nhau mot khoang thi gian nhat nh th chon Values at

Equal Intervals of. Va nhap bc thi gian oc c t file d lieu.

4) Xem ky file d lieu va khai bao 2 thong so quan trong sau:

Header Lines to Skip: so dong au tien chu thch cho bang d lieu.

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Number of Points per Line: so cot d lieu yeu cau may oc. Cot d lieu ay la so

cot neu bang cho dang gia tr cach nhau khoang thi gian nhat nh; So cot d lieu la so cap
cot bao gom mot cot thi gian va mot cot gia tr neu bang cho dang thi gian va gia tr.

5) Display Graph e xem gian o cua gia tr.

5.4.2. NH NGHA TRNG HP PHAN TCH

Neu trong bang gia tr gia toc tnh theo cm/s2 ma ta muon tnh theo m/s2 th ta nhan he so
chuyen oi 0,01 vao Scale Factor.
Tong thi gian ma chng trnh se phan tch va xuat ra ket qua bang tch cua bc thi
gian va so bc thi gian phan tch.

Start from Previous History: ieu kien ban au cua bc tch phan au tien. Co the e

trong hoac chon mot trng hp phan tch a c nh ngha trc o. Nh o ta co the tac
ong nhieu bang gia toc lan lt e tham khao ket qua.

5.4.3. BC THI GIAN

Trong moi bc thi gian, gia toc xem nh thay oi tuyen tnh va gia tr cua gia toc c
noi suy t hai iem. Ket qua ng x cua ket cau se c tnh toan cuoi moi bc va lay o
lam ieu kien ban au cho bc tch phan ke tiep. Tai moi bc thi gian cua gia tr au vao
(input time) ng x cua ket cau ch c tnh toan ch khong c lu lai. Chng trnh ch
lu lai ng x cua ket cau sau moi bc thi gian cua gia tr au ra (output time). V vay, ta
co the biet c ng x cua ket cau sau moi bc thi gian ma ta a nh ngha.
e at c s ong nhat va co ket qua chnh xac, mot li khuyen c a ra la nen
chon bc thi gian xuat ra bang vi bc thi gian cua d lieu au vao.

5.4.4. NH NGHA TO HP VI CAC TRNG HP TAI KHAC

Xem phan tch theo lch s thi gian nh la mot trng hp tai trong, thc hien to hp
tai trong nay vi cac tai trong khac nh tnh tai, hoat tai

6. XEM KET QUA TNH TOAN

6.1. XEM KET QUA PHAN TCH PHO PHAN NG

Ta co the xem cac thanh phan noi lc giong nh trng hp tai tnh. Chu y rang gia tr
o la d oan ng x ln nhat cua ket cau ch khong phai la gia tr that s khi xay ra ong
at.

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Mot lu y rat quan trong, o la gia tr cua pho phan ng luon dng. Neu ta nh ngha
mot pho phan ng theo phng X, phan mem se t ong tac ong len cong trnh theo hng X
va hng X. V vay nen noi lc mot phan t luon co 2 gia tr, moi gia tr ai dien cho mot
hng tac ong. Ta khong the thiet lap e phan mem ch xuat ra gia tr theo mot hng tac
ong nao o. V vay, gia tr noi lc cua phng phap pho phan ng thng ln hn gia tr ng
x that cua ket cau.
Neu ta to hp vi cac trng hp tai khac (v du tnh tai), gia tr to hp c se la tnh
tai + X va tnh tai X. khi o se cho ta hai ket qua cua to hp va ta khong biet lay ket qua
nao la thc te nhat va nguy hiem nhat. e an toan, ngi thiet ke thng lay ca hai gia tr noi
lc e tnh toan.

6.2. XEM KET QUA TNH PHAN TCH LCH S THI GIAN

ay la lch s ng x theo thi gian cua ket cau (chuyen v, bien dang, ng suat, noi
lc) c the hien di dang bang bieu hoac o th. Cho phep ngi s dung thay c tng
tan ng x cua ket cau trong thi gian xay ra ong at.
Ta co the xem ng x cua ket cau cho en thi iem ma ta muon xem. Thi gian o
phai nam trong khoang thi gian ma ta nh ngha.
Chu y, ng x nay cua ket cau ch la ng x oi vi mot bang gia toc, muon co gia tr
thiet ke, ta phai tnh vi nhieu bang gia toc khac nhau.

Hnh.Momen thanh B3 theo thi gian

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7. V DU TNH TOAN

Mot cong trnh bang betong cot thep 18 tang, 1 tang ham cao 62,9m. Nen mong coc
khoan nhoi ta tren nen loai C theo TCXDVN 375:2006. Gia toc nh at nen tham chieu tai
a iem xay dng (TP Ho Ch Minh) co aGr = 0.0848g (tng ng vung IIA theo TC UBC
94 hay cap VII theo thang MSK 64). Gia tr trong lng cac tang c the hien trong bang
di. So sanh tnh toan lc ong at tac dung len cong trnh theo TCXDVN 375:2006 bang 3
phng phap: phan tch tnh lc ngang tng ng; phan tch pho phan ng tnh bang tay va
tnh bang phan mem Etabs 9.04.

BNG SO SNH (N V LC TC NG: T)

PH PHN NG
KHI TNH
TNG LNG TNG TNH TAY ETABS
(T) NG
X Y X Y
TANG18 168.22 84.3 110.43 112 134 120.77
TANG17 222.90 105.5 117.30 121 157 150.94
TANG16 222.77 98.8 91.30 94 118 112.34
TANG15 222.77 92.2 73.49 76 84 74.87
TANG14 224.30 85.8 68.86 70 58 45.02
TANG13 225.81 79.2 74.39 74 42 28.39
TANG12 230.06 73.4 83.95 85 35 21.39
TANG11 234.33 67.0 92.48 94 34 22.83
TANG10 234.33 59.1 97.00 100 36 28.65
TANG9 234.33 51.3 99.75 104 40 35.31
TANG8 234.33 43.9 101.38 106 43 41.80
TANG7 234.33 36.5 102.44 107 47 49.06
TANG6 234.33 29.6 101.31 104 51 56.34
TANG5 236.91 22.9 96.59 99 54 61.10
TANG4 239.51 16.9 86.41 89 54 61.95
TANG3 241.00 11.6 70.24 73 48 56.42
TANG2 293.95 4.4 33.82 39 42 51.12
TANG1 289.17 8.6 59.18 63 25 32.22
HAM 316.87 1.2 11.10 10 8 12.92
DAKIENG 277.14 0.0 1.80 1 1 1.69

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3 PHNG PHP(X)

70

60

TNH TI NGANG
50 TD
PH TAY

zi (m) 40
PH ETABS

30

20

10

0
0 50 100 150 200

Fi (T)

8. KET LUAN

Thong qua 3 phng phap tnh cong trnh chu ong at. Ta co the rut ra mot so nhan xet
sau.
S chnh xac cua 3 phng phap tang dan t phng phap tai trong ngang tng ng,
phng phap pho phan ng, phng phap lch s thi gian.
Ket qua tnh toan tren mot so mo hnh theo phng phap pho phan ng, cho thay
+ Phng phap nay khong con chnh xac vi nhng dang nha co hnh dang bat ky v ket
qua tnh toan khong the hien s khac biet cua hnh dang nha.
+ Phng phap nay khong the tnh toan c s phan bo khong eu cua khoi lng tren
san. V khi co s phan bo khong eu khoi lng tren san se sinh ra momen xoan cho ket cau
khi chu tai trong gia toc.
+ Khi dung phan mem e tnh toan theo phng phap nay, s phan bo tai trong cho cac
tang se chnh xac hn v chuyen v c tnh toan cu the cho moi tang.
Da tren ket qua tnh toan mot so mo hnh, nhn chung, ket qua noi lc ln hn phng
phap phan tch tnh lc ngang tng ng va kho co the kiem soat oi vi cac cong trnh co
hnh dang ket cau ac biet v ta khong the kiem soat va ieu chnh c ket qua tnh toan

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moi bc. Khi xem ket qua, nen xem ket qua lc cat tai moi tang, gia toc noi suy t moi
mode, noi lc mot so phan t ai dien cho tang o e co the ieu chnh cho phu hp
Ket qua chay mot so mo hnh vi nhieu hnh dang cac bang gia toc khac nhau cho thay:
Mac du ta khuech ai gia tr cac bang gia toc e gia tr cc ai cua cac bang gia toc nay
la bang nhau nhng ket qua tnh toan cho thay ng x cua ket cau van phu thuoc rat ln vao
hnh dang, o dai cua cac bang gia toc.
Nh a trnh bay tren, ket qua cua phng phap pho phan ng ch mang tnh chat tham
khao cho thiet ke v ay la mot phng phap d oan phan ng ln nhat cua he chu tac ong
ong at da vao so lieu cua cac tran ong at xay ra trc o. Ta co the phoi hp 3 phng
phap tren e co c gia tr phu hp cho thiet ke
Tom lai, trong ieu kien cua nc ta hien nay cha the co c ay u cac bang gia toc
cua cac tran ong at a xay ra trong lch s, nhng TCXDVN 375 :2006 a cung cap gia toc
nen cua tat ca cac khu vc trong ca nc va e tai a xay dng ng pho phan ng cua 5
loai at nen. Ta co the thay rang phng phap pho phan ng ket hp phng phap phan tch
tnh lc ngang tng ng la nhng phng phap ang tin cay va phu hp vi ieu kien cua
nc ta hien nay. Tuy nhien, trong tng lai, khi cac chung ta a co c ay u cac bang gia
toc cua cac tran ong at a xay ra trong lch s th phng phap phan tch theo lch s thi
gian lai rat hu hieu cho viec tnh toan.

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