QCVN Qtd-8 2010 BCT Ky Thuat Dien

QUY CHUN K THUT IN H P QCVN : QT 08:2010/BCT
Mc lc
Chng I .................................................................................................. 4
QUY NH CHUNG................................................................................... 4
iu 1. Phm vi iu chnh ........................................................................ 4
iu 2. i tng p dng ......................................................................... 4
iu 3. Gii thch t ng............................................................................ 4
iu 5. Bo v an ton ............................................................................... 5
iu 6. Cc c tnh ca ngun cp in.................................................... 6
iu 7. La chn cc thit b in.............................................................. 7
iu 8. Thi cng lp t h thng in v kim tra trc khi i vo vn hnh 7
Chng II ................................................................................................. 8
CC C TNH S DNG CHNH CA H THNG TRANG THIT B

IN .......................................................................................... 8
iu 9. Cng sut yu cu.......................................................................... 8
iu 10. Nguyn tc xc nh s phn phi in................................... 8
iu 11. Ngun cp in............................................................................ 9
Chng III ................................................................................................ 9
BO V TRANG THIT B IN ............................................................. 9
Mc I: CHNG IN GIT............................................................................. 9
iu 12. Bo v chng tip xc trc tip.................................................... 9
iu 13. Bo v chng tip xc gin tip ................................................. 11
Mc II: BO V CHNG TC NG NHIT ............................................. 12
iu 14. Yu cu chung ........................................................................... 12
iu 15. Bo v chng chy..................................................................... 13
iu 16. La chn cc bin php bo v chng ho hon theo cc iu kin
ngoi lai...................................................................................... 13
Mc III. BO V CHNG QU DNG IN.............................................. 14
iu 17. Yu cu chung ........................................................................... 14
iu 18. Bo v chng qu ti.................................................................. 14
iu 19. Bo v chng ngn mch ........................................................... 15
iu 20. Phi hp bo v qu ti v ngn mch ....................................... 16
iu 21. Hn ch qu dng bng cc c tnh ngun cung cp................. 16
Mc IV. BO V CHNG NHIU IN P V IN T......................... 16
iu 22. Quy nh chung ......................................................................... 16
iu 23. Bo v cc thit b h p chng cc qu p tm thi v cc s c gia
cao p v t............................................................................... 16
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iu 24. Cc yu cu chung trong bo v chng st p............................ 17

Chng IV: LA CHN V LP T CC TRANG THIT B IN 18
Mc I: CC QUY TC CHUNG .................................................................... 18

iu 25. Yu cu chung i vi trang thit b in................................... 18
iu 26. Cc iu kin vn hnh v nh hng ngoi lai ......................... 18
iu 27. Kh nng tip cn ...................................................................... 19
iu 28. nh s, nhn dng ................................................................... 19
iu 29. Ngn chn nh hng tng h c hi....................................... 19
Mc II: H THNG DN IN .................................................................... 20
iu 30. Yu cu chung ........................................................................... 20
iu 31. H thng thanh dn ch to sn.................................................. 20
iu 32. La chn v thi cng theo cc nh hng ngoi lai.................... 20
iu 33. Kh nng ti dng in .............................................................. 20
iu 34. Tit din dy dn ....................................................................... 21
iu 35. u ni in .............................................................................. 21
iu 36. La chn v lp t cc ng dn in hn ch la lan truyn bn
trong to nh............................................................................... 21
iu 37. La chn v lp t theo kh nng duy tu bo dng, lm v sinh21
iu 38. Yu cu chung ........................................................................... 22
iu 39. Thit b bo v chng tip xc gin tip bng cch ct ngun cp in
................................................................................................... 22
iu 40. Thit b bo v chng qu dng in ......................................... 22
iu 41. Thit b bo v chng nhiu lon in p v nhiu lon in t . 23
iu 42. Thit b cch ly v ct in ........................................................ 23
Mc IV: CC TRANG B NI T V DY DN BO V...................... 26
iu 43. Yu cu chung ........................................................................... 26
iu 44. Ni t...................................................................................... 27
iu 45. Dy bo v................................................................................. 28
iu 46. Trang b ni t s dng cho mc ch bo v........................... 29
iu 47. Trang b ni t nhm mc ch vn hnh ................................. 30
iu 48. Trang b ni t cho mc ch bo v v vn hnh..................... 30
iu 49. Cc dy ni lin kt ng th ..................................................... 30
Mc V: MT S THIT B KHC................................................................ 30
iu 50. Thit b pht in h p (MF).................................................. 30
iu 51. Cc trang thit b an ton ........................................................... 33
iu 52. Thit b chiu sng cho dch v an ton ..................................... 34
BNG PH LC ............................................................................................ 35
Ph lc 1 : in p ng sut xoay chiu cho php.................................... 35
Ph lc 2 : Cc iu kin ngoi lai ........................................................... 37
Ph lc 3 : Nhit vn hnh cc i vi cc kiu cch in................... 38
Kiu cch in ................................................................................................. 38
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Ph lc 4 Tit din ti thiu cc dy dn .................................................. 38

Ph lc 5 : in p chu xung theo in p nh mc............................... 39
Ph lc 6 : Cc tit din quy nh ca cc dy dn ni t ....................... 39
Ph lc 7 : Cc gi tr ca k i vi cc dy dn bo v c cch in khng i
lin vi Cp hoc cc dy dn bo v trn tip xc vi cc v cp40
Ph lc 8 : Cc gi tr ca k i vi cc dy dn bo v l mt rut trong mt
cp nhiu rut............................................................................. 40
Ph lc 9 : Cc gi tr ca k i vi cc thanh dn trn khng c ri ro h
hng ti cc vt liu bn cnh bi nhit pht ra. .................... 40
Ph lc 10 Tit din ti thiu ca dy dn bo v..................................... 41
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Chng I
QUY NH CHUNG
iu 1. Phm vi iu chnh
1. Quy chun ny quy nh cc quy tc thit k, lp t v vn hnh h thng trang
thit b in xoay chiu, in p nh mc ti a n 1000 V, tn s 50 Hz.
2. Quy chun ny khng p dng cho cc thit b dng sc ko bng in, cc H
thng trang thit b in ca phng tin giao thng ( t, tu thu, my bay...), h thng
trang thit b in chiu sng sng cng cng, cc h thng trang thit b in ca hm
m, cc hng ro in bo v, thit b chng st cho to nh, cc cng trnh v trang thit
b chuyn dng.
3. H thng cung cp in cng cng, p dng quy chun trang thit b hin hnh.
iu 2. i tng p dng
Quy chun ny p dng bt buc i vi t chc, c nhn c hat ng lin quan
n thit k,lp t v vn hnh h thng trang thit b in xoay chiu, in p nh mc
ti a n 1000 V, tn s 50 Hz..
iu 3. Gii thch t ng
Cc t ng di y c hiu nh sau:
1. H thng trang thit b in l tp hp cc thit b in v h thng dy dn
sn xut hoc tiu th in nng.
2. im u vo ca h thng in (ngun cp in cho thit b in) lim bt
u ca lp h thng trang thit b in c ni vi li in phn phi. Mt h thng
trang thit b c th c mt hoc nhiu im u vo.
3. Nhit xung quanh l nhit ca mi trng xung quanh ni thit b c lp
t v vn hnh, bao gm nh hng nhit ca cc thit b khc lp t v vn hnh
trong cng mt a im.
4. B phn mang in, dy dn mang in l dy dn v b phn d kin l c
mang in trong vn hnh bnh thng, l cc dy dn pha v dy dn trung tnh.
5. B phn dn in ngoi lai l cc b phn c tnh dn in nm ngoi lp t h
thng trang thit b in c th l: cc kt cu bng kim loi ca to nh, cc ng kim loi
dn kh, dn nc cc tng v sn khng cch in.
6. V thit b l cc b phn c tnh dn in (bng kim loi) h ra ngoi c th tip
xc c.
7. Dy dn trung tnh: dy dn ni t im trung tnh dn i (im trung tnh ca mt
h thng trang thit b in 3 pha l im chung ca cc cun dy ca cc pha u hnh
sao)..
8. Dy dn bo v l dy dn ni lin cc v thit b s dng in vi trang b ni t
ti ni s dng in.
9. Cc b phn c th tip xc ng thi l cc b phn bng kim loi m mt ngi
c th tip xc ng thi vo c.
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10. Bo v chng tip xc trc tip c ngha l tip xc vi mt b phn mang in

ng thi vi b phn dn in khc, v thit b, b phn c tnh dn in ngoi lai, dy
dn bo v.
11. Bo v chng tip xc gin tip l bo v khi tip xc vi cc b phn dn in
bao gm v thit b, cc b phn c tnh dn in ngoi lai, dy dn bo v trong trng
hp hng cch in chnh.
12. Ngun cp in chnh l ngun cp in cho h thng trang thit b in khi lm

vic bnh thng.
13. Ngun cp in d phng l ngun cp in khi mt ngun cp in chnh

m bo mt s cng vic phi tip tc vn hnh trnh h hng thit b v gin on cng
vic.
14. Ngun cp in s c: Khi c tai nn (chy, n, sp nh, ) mt ngun in

chnh v ngun in d phng, nhng c mt s dch v vn phi c cp in phc v
cho vic thot him nh cc tn hiu bo ng, chiu sng, ng thot him, qut ht
khi, thang my d phng thot him. Cc yu cu an ton thng do cc c quan c
thm quyn a ra yu cu (c quan phng cha chy, c quan bo h lao ng).
15. Tm tay vi: Khu vc gii hn bi nhng ng m mt ngi ang ng
hoc ang di chuyn trn mt b mt c th gi mt tay chm vo c, khng c thang
dy hay dng c no khc.
iu 4. Mc tiu
Vic lp t, thit k cc h thng trang thit b in nhm mc tiu m bo an
ton trong thit k, lp t v vn hnh h thng trang thit b in h p trong cc cng
trnh nh , c s thng mi, c s cng nghip, c s nng nghip, cng trnh cng
cng...
iu 5. Bo v an ton
1. Yu cu chung
Cc yu cu trong quy chun ny nhm mc tiu m bo an ton cho ngi,
ng vt nui, ti sn, chng cc mi nguy him v h hng c th pht sinh ra trong khi
s dng H thng trang thit b in.
2. Bo v chng in git
a) Bo v chng tip xc trc tip: Phi bo v ngi chng cc mi nguy him c
th xy ra khi tip xc vi cc phn mang in ca H thng trang thit b in;
b) Bo v chng tip xc gin tip: Phi bo v ngi chng cc mi nguy him c
th xy ra khi tip xc vi cc v thit b khi ang c h hng cch in.
3. Bo v chng cc tc ng v nhit
H thng trang thit b in phi c b tr sao cho loi tr c mi nguy c gy
ra bc chy cc loi vt liu c th chy c do nhit tng ln qu cao hoc do tia la
in. Ngoi ra, trong khi H thng trang thit b in lm vic bnh thng khng c
gy ra chy bng cho c th ngi.
4. Bo v chng qu dng in
Ngi v ti sn phi c bo v chng cc nguy him hoc h hng do nhit
tng qu cao hoc do cc lc c hc sinh ra khi qu dng in.
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5. Bo v chng cc dng in s c
Cc dy dn, ngoi cc dy mang in v cc b phn khc dng dn dng
in s c phi c kh nng dn dng in m khng t n nhng nhit qu
cao.
6. Bo v chng qu in p
Ngi v ti sn phi c bo v chng cc hu qu tai hi do h hng cch
in gia cc b phn mang in ca cc mch c in p khc nhau.
Ngi v ti sn phi c bo v chng cc hu qu tai hi do qu in p do
cc nguyn nhn khc (cc qu in p kh quyn, cc qu in p thao tc).
iu 6. Cc c tnh ca ngun cp in
c tnh ca ngun phi ph hp vi s lng dy dn, cc tr s nh mc v
lch cho php cng nh ph hp vi s ni t v cc iu khin khc ca ngun in
lin quan n phng thc bo v.
1. Tit din ca cc dy dn
Tit din ca cc dy dn phi c xc nh trn c s:
a) Nhit ti a cho php ca cc dy dn;
b) st p cho php;
c) Cc lc in-c c th xy ra trong trng hp ngn mch;
d) Cc lc c hc khc c th tc ng ln cc dy dn;
e) Tr s tng tr ti a cho php m bo s tc ng ca cc bo v chng ngn
mch.
2. Cc thit b bo v
Loi thit b bo v phi c xc nh tu theo chc nng ca thit b, v d nh
nhm bo v: chng qu dng in (qu ti v ngn mch), chng dng in chm t,
chng qu in p, thp in p hoc mt in p;
Cc thit b bo v phi tc ng vi nhng tr s dng in, in p v thi gian
ph hp vi c tnh ca mch in chng cc mi nguy him c th xy ra.
3. Thit b ct ngun khn cp
Nu cn thit phi ct mch in khn cp khi nguy c mt an ton c th xy ra
th phi b tr thit b ct sao cho d nhn bit v d thao tc.
4. Cch ly
Phi b tr thit b cho php cch li ton b h thng in hoc mt mch in
hoc cc thit b ring l nhm phc v cho vic bo dng, kim tra, xc nh im s
c v sa cha.
5. S c lp ca H thng trang thit b in
H thng in phi c b tr sao cho loi tr mi nh hng tng h c hi
gia h thng in v cc h thng khc ca to nh.
6. Kh nng tip cn ca cc thit b in
Cc thit b in phi c b tr ph hp vi cc iu sau y trong mc cn
thit:
a) C mt khng gian lp t ban u v thay th sau ny;
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b) C kh nng tip cn nhm thc hin cc cng vic cn thit trong vn hnh,
kim tra, bo dng v sa cha.
iu 7. La chn cc thit b in
1. Yu cu chung
Cc thit b in a vo s dng trong cc h thng trang thit b in phi ph
hp vi tiu chun sn phm quc gia.
2. Cc c tnh
Cc c tnh ca cc thit b in phi tng ng vi cc iu kin v cc c tnh
c th c xc nh cho h thng in, ngoi ra cn phi tho mn cc quy nh sau
y:
a) V in p
Cc thit b in p phi thch hp vi tr s cc i ca in p (trong in xoay
chiu l tr s hiu dng) ca ngun in cung cp trong ch lm vic bnh thng v
vi cc qu in p c th xy ra.
b) V dng in
Cc thit b in c la chn phi lu n tr s cc i (trong in xoay chiu
l tr s hiu dng) ca dng in i qua trong ch lm vic bnh thng v khng bnh
thng.
c) V tn s
Nu tn s c nh hng ti s lm vic ca cc thit b in th tn s ca cc
thit b phi ph hp vi tn s c th xy ra ca li in.
d) V cng sut
Cc trang thit b in c la chn trn c s cng sut ti a tiu th trong
ch lm vic bnh thng, c lu n h s s dng v cc iu kin lm vic.
3. Cc iu kin lp t
Cc thit b in phi c la chn sao cho c th chu ng c cc lc tc
ng v cc iu kin mi trng xung quanh, c th ca ni lp t thit b.
4. Phng trnh cc tc ng c hi
Cc thit b in phi c la chn sao cho khi lm vic bnh thng khng to
ra cc tc ng c hi i vi ngi, thit b khc hoc i vi li in, k c khi thao
tc, nh: h s cng sut, dng in khi ng, mt cn bng gia cc pha, cc sng
iu ho bc cao,....
iu 8. Thi cng lp t h thng in v kim tra trc khi i vo vn hnh

1. Thi cng lp t
Nhn vin thi cng lp t h thng in phi c nng lc v trang thit b thi cng
ph hp;
Cc c tnh ca cc thit b in c la chn khng b suy gim trong qu
trnh lp t;
Cc dy dn phi c du hiu nhn dng bng mu hoc s;
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Cc u ni gia cc dy dn vi nhau v vi cc thit b khc phi thc hin sao

cho bo m tip xc chc chn lu di;
Cc thit b in phi lp t sao cho bo m cc iu kin lm mt cn thit;
Cc thit b in c kh nng sinh ra nhit cao hoc to ra h quang in phi
c b tr hoc c bo v sao cho loi tr mi nguy c lm bc chy cc vt liu
khc. Cc b phn mt ngoi ca thit b in nu c nhit cao c th lm nh hng
ti sc kho ca con ngi th phi c b tr hoc c bo v ngn cn mi tip xc
ngu nhin.
2. Kim tra trc khi a vo vn hnh
Cc h thng trang thit b in mi hoc ci to phi c kim tra th nghim
trc khi a vo vn hnh m bo h thng ph hp vi quy chun hin hnh.
Chng II
CC C TNH S DNG CHNH CA H THNG TRANG THIT B IN
iu 9. Cng sut yu cu
Phi tnh ton xc nh cng sut yu cu khi thit k H thng trang thit b in
m bo tnh kinh t vn hnh n nh, an ton trang thit b hot ng trong phm
vi nhit v st p cho php.
Khi xc nh cng sut yu cu ca thit b in hoc ca mt nhm thit b in
phi tnh n h s ng thi.
iu 10. Nguyn tc xc nh s phn phi in
S phn phi in phi c thit k, thi cng lp t ph hp vi yu cu ph
ti in.
1. S phn phi in c xc nh theo

a) Cc yu cu cung cp in ca cc h ph ti;
b) Loi s cc dy dn mng in;
c) Loi s ni t.
2. Loi s cc dy dn mang in
Trong quy chun ny, c xt n cc loi h thng cc dy dn cc dy dn mang
in cp cho H thng trang thit b in nh sau:
a) H thng mt pha, 2 dy;
b) H thng mt pha, 3 dy;
c) H thng ba pha, 3 dy;
d) H thng ba pha, 4 dy;
e) H thng ba pha, 5 dy.
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3. Loi s ni t ca h thng phn phi in cn phi ph hp vi tnh trng

ni t ca ngun:
a) Ngun in c trung tnh ni t;
b) Ngun in cch ly hon ton i vi t.
iu 11. Ngun cp in
1. Yu cu chung
i vi cc ngun cp in (ngun chnh, ngun d phng, ngun s c), d l
ngun bn ngoi hoc l ngun ni b ca h thng trang thit b in u phi xc nh
cc c tnh sau:
a) Tn s;
b) in p nh mc;
c) Tr s dng in ngn mch tnh ton ti u vo ca h thng;
d) Kh nng tho mn cc yu cu ca h thng, k c yu cu v cung cp cng
sut.
2. Ngun cp in d phng v ngun cp in s c
H thng trang thit b in phi c ngun cp in s c nu khi b mt ngun cp
in chnh cung cp in cho cc cng tc an ton phng chy cha chy v thot
him khi xy ra s c theo quy nh hin hnh.
Cc ngun cp in s c phi c xc nh cc c tnh p ng v cng
sut, v tin cy, v sn sng v thi gian vn hnh theo yu cu.
3. Kh nng duy tu bo dng
Ngun cp in khi lp t phi tnh n kh nng duy tu bo dng h thng
trang thit b in trong sut thi gian vn hnh.
Khi bo dng ngun cp in vn hnh bi n v khc, phi tham kho kin
ca n v .
Chu k v khi lng hng mc duy tu bo dng phi c quy nh m bo:
a) D dng kim tra nh k, th nghim, bo dng v sa cha phi v c
tin hnh thng xuyn;
b) m bo hiu qu ca cc thit b bo v an ton;
c) Bo m tin cy ca cc thit b trong sut tui th trang thit b.
Chng III
BO V TRANG THIT B IN
Mc I: CHNG IN GIT
iu 12. Bo v chng tip xc trc tip

1. Bo v bng bc cch in cc phn mang in
a) Cc phn mang in phi c bao bc hon ton bng vt liu cch in v
ch c th d ra bng cch ph hu.
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b) Vt liu cch in bo v phi c bn lu di v chu c cc tc ng v

c, ho hc v nhit. Cc lp sn, vecni, hoc cc sn phm tng t khng c coi l
cc cht cch in bo v chng tip xc trc tip.
2. Bo v bng ro chn hoc v bc

2.1 Cc b phn c in phi nm bn trong v bc hoc pha sau ro chn
m bo khong cch an ton. Khi cn phi c nhng l m rng thay th cc b
phn, nh thay bng n, cm hoc cu ch, hoc cn thit vn hnh cc thit b th:
a) Phi c cc bin php thch hp ngn chn ngi hoc sinh vt v tnh tip
xc vi cc b phn c in;
b) Phi c cnh bo y cho mi ngi bit cc ch c in c th tip xc qua
cc ch h v khng c ch ng chm ti.
2.2 Cc ro chn v v bc phi c c nh chc chn ti ch, n nh v bn
c hc m bo duy tr mc bo v cn thit v cch ly vi cc phn c in trong
cc iu kin vn hnh bnh thng, c xt n cc nh hng ngoi lai.
2.3 Khi cn thit phi d b ro chn hoc tho v bc hoc mt phn v bc th
ch c th thc hin c bng cc bin php:
a) S dng cc kho hoc dng c, hoc;
b) Sau khi ct ngun in n cc phn c in nm trong phm vi bo v ca
ro chn hoc v bc , v vic phc hi li ngun in ch c th thc hin sau khi
thay th hoc ng li cc v bc hoc ro chn m ra chc ;
c) S dng cc ro chn tm thi c mc bo v t nht l IP2X ngn chn
tip xc vi cc phn c in, nhng ro chn nh vy ch c r b bng kho m
hoc dng c.
3. Bo v bng vt cn
Cc vt cn dng ngn chn cc tip xc v tnh ti cc phn c in nhng
khng ngn chn c cc tip xc ch bng cch c tnh i vng qua cc vt cn.
3.1 Cc vt cn phi ngn chn c:
a) S tip cn v tnh thn th con ngi ti cc phn c in, hoc;
b) Cc tip xc v tnh vi phn c in khi sa cha cc thit b c mang in
ang vn hnh.
3.2 Cc vt cn c th c d b m khng cn dng n cc dng c nhng
phi bo m ngn chn c cc d b v tnh.
4. Bo v bng cch t ra ngoi tm tay vi

Bo v bng cch t ra ngoi tm tay vi ch nhm ngn chn cc tip xc khng
ch ti cc phn c in.
5. Bo v b sung bng cc thit b bo v theo dng in d

S dng cc thit b bo v theo dng in d nhm tng cng cc bin php
bo v chng in git trong vn hnh bnh thng.
5.1 S dng cc thit b bo v theo dng in d, vi gi tr dng d gii hn
khng qu 30 mA, c coi l cch bo v b xung chng in git trong vn hnh bnh
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thng, trong trng hp cc bin php bo v khc b h hng hoc trong trng hp
bt cn ca ngi s dng.
5.2 S dng cc thit b ny khng c coi l bin php bo v duy nht v
khng c loi b qua cc yu cu p dng mt trong cc bin php quy nh trong bo
v tip xc trc tip.
iu 13. Bo v chng tip xc gin tip
1. Bo v bng cch t ng ct ngun cung cp

Cn t ng ct ngun cung cp khi c nguy c in p tip xc tc hi n c th
con ngi.
Thit b bo v phi t ng ct ngun cung cp sao cho khi c s c v cch in
gia mt b phn c in vi v thit b hoc vi mt dy dn bo v, in p tip xc c
tr s vt qu 50V khng c tn ti trong mt thi gian gy ra hu qu c hi
cho ngi. Bt k in p tip xc l bao nhiu, trong mt s trng hp tu theo loi s
ni t thi gian ct ngun cho php c th ti a l 5 giy.
2. Ni t
Cc v kim loi ca thit b phi c ni t hoc ni vo dy dn bo v theo
cc iu kin quy nh vi tng loi s ni t.
Cc v kim loi ca thit b c th tip cn ng thi phi cng c u ni vo
mt trang b ni t ring l, nhm hoc tng th.
3. Vng lin kt ng th
3.1 Vng lin kt ng th chnh
Trong mi to nh, cc phn t c tnh dn in di y phi c u ni vo
vng lin kt ng th chnh:
a) Dy dn bo v chnh;
b) Dy dn ni t chnh hoc cc cc ni t chnh;
c) Cc ng ng trong phm vi to nh nh ng ga, ng nc;
d) Cc phn cu trc bng kim loi, cc h thng si v iu ho khng kh trung
tm, nu c.
3.2 Vng lin kt ng th ph
Nu iu kin ct t ng ngun cung cp khng th thc hin c mt h
thng trang b in hoc mt b phn ca h thng trang thit b, phi cn c mt vng
lin kt ti ch gi l vng lin kt ng th ph.
Vng lin kt ng th ph phi bo gm tt c cc phn t c tnh dn in c th
tip xc ng thi, d l v thit b c nh, l cc phn t kim loi k c ct thp ca b
tng, nu c th. Vng lin kt ng th phi c ni vi dy dn bo v ca tt c cc
thit b, bao gm c cm nu c.
Ghi ch :
- S dng vng lin kt ng th khng loi b yu cu ct ngun cung cp v cc
l do khc, nh bo v chng chy, qu nhit trong thit b
- Vng lin kt ng th c th bao gm c ton b cng trnh, mt phn cng
trnh, hoc mt thit b, mt v tr.
11
3.3 ni no nghi ng tnh hiu qu ca vng lin kt ng th ph, cn phi

khng nh l in tr R gia cc v thit b bt k vi mt phn c tnh dn in bt k
m c th tip xc ng thi phi tho mn iu kin sau:
50
R
Ia
Trong :
Ia l dng in tc ng ca thit b bo v:
Vi thit b bo v theo dng d l I n
Vi thit b bo v qu dng, l dng in tc ng 5 giy.
4. Bo v bng thit b c cch in kp hoc bng cch in tng ng

Bin php ny nhm ngn chn s xut hin in p nguy him cc phn c th
tip cn c ca thit b khi c s c cch in chnh.
a) Phi c bo v bng cc thit b in hoc bng cch in kp hoc cch in
tng cng m bo tiu chun;
b) Thit b in c cch in kp hoc tng cng phi c th nghim hp
chun v c nh du theo cc tiu chun lin quan;
c) Cch in b sung, thc hin trong qu trnh lp t bao bc cc thit b ch c
cch in chnh, m bo c mc an ton tng ng vi thit b in c cch
in kp hoc c tng cng;
d) Cch in tng cng thc hin trong qu trnh lp t bao bc cc phn mang
in trn bo m mc an ton tng ng vi thit b in c th nghim
hp chun, cch in ny ch p dng nhng phn v cu trc trnh phi dng cch
in kp;
e) Cc thit b in ang lm vic, tt c cc phn dn in c cch ly vi
nhau bng cch in chnh, phi c bc trong mt v cch in c mc bo v t
nht l IP2X;
g) V cch in phi chiu c cc ng sut c, in v nhit c th xy ra;
h) V cch in ny khng c cc phn c tnh dn in xuyn qua c kh
nng truyn c in th. V cch in khng c cha cc inh vt bng vt liu cch
in v khi thay th chng bng cc inh vt kim loi s c th gy tc hi n tnh cht
cch in ca v;
i) Nu v cch in c np c th m ra c m khng cn c dng c hoc
kho, th tt c cc phn c tnh dn in c th tip cn c khi m ca ra phi c
t ng sau mt ro chn cch in c mc bo v t nht l IP2X ngn nga
ngi v tip xc vi cc phn . Ro chn cch in ny ch c th d b bng dng
c.
Mc II: BO V CHNG TC NG NHIT
iu 14. Yu cu chung
Con ngi, cc thit b c nh, cc dng c c nh t cnh cc thit b in phi
c bo v chng cc hu qu c hi do nhit gy ra bi thit b in, hoc do cc bc
x nhit nh:
12
a) Bc chy, h hng;
b) Nguy c gy bng;
c) Lm nh hng n s vn hnh an ton ca thit b.
Ghi ch: Phn ny khng cp n bo v qu dng.
iu 15. Bo v chng chy

1. Cc thit b in khng c gy ra cc nguy c chy cho cc thit b, vt dng
ln cn. Ngoi cc yu cu ca tiu chun ny, cn phi thc hin cc yu cu ca nh
ch to thit b.
2. Vi cc thit b c nhit b mt c th gy nguy c chy cho cc vt liu ln
cn, th cc thit b y phi:
a) c t trn b hay trong v bng cc vt liu c th chu c nhit v
c dn nhit thp, hoc;
b) c cch ly khi cc phn t khc bng cc vt liu chu c nhit v
dn nhit thp;
c) c lp t vi mt khong cch ln n cc vt dng chung quanh cho
php to nhit an ton trnh lng nhit ny c th lm h hng vt liu ca cc vt
dng . Cc gi thit b phi c dn in thp.
3. Nu trong vn hnh bnh thng, cc thit b c th pht ra h quang hoc tia
la, th phi:
a) Bao bc ton b trong vt liu chu c h quang; hoc
b) c cch ly bng vt liu chu c h quang vi cc phn t c th b h
quang lm h hng, hoc
c) c lp t vi khong cch m bo an ton v h quang cho cc b
phn c th b h quang lm h hi.
Cc vt liu chu c h quang s dng trong mc ch ny phi l vt liu khng
chy, dn nhit thp v m bo bn c hc.
Mc chng chy ca vt liu do c quan c thm quyn quy nh (tham kho ph
lc 2).
4. Cc thit b c nh c kh nng tp trung nhit phi c t khong cch
xa so vi cc vt khc, trong iu kin vn hnh bnh thng khng th gy nn nhit
nguy him cho cc vt .
iu 16. La chn cc bin php bo v chng ho hon theo cc iu kin

ngoi lai
1. Phi la chn cc bin php bo v theo cc iu kin thot him trong iu
kin khn cp (KV1 mt ngi thp, iu kin thot kh; KV 2 mt ngi cao, iu
kin thot d; KV3 mt ngi cao, iu kin thot kh).
H thng dy dn i theo ng thot khng c nm trong phm vi tay vi tr
khi chng c bo v chng cc h hng c hc c th xy ra khi thot him. Mi h
thng dy dn trong ng thot him phi cng ngn cng tt.
2. Vi iu kin KV2 v KV3, cc thit b iu khin v bo v, tr cc thit b phc
v cho vic thot him, c b tr sao cho ch nhng ngi (hu quan) tip cn c,
nu nhng thit b ny t trn ng i li, chng phi c t trong t hoc hp kn
bng cc vt liu khng chy hoc kh chy.
13
3. Vi cc iu kin (KV2) v (KV3) v trong ng thot, cm s dng cc thit b

in c cha cc cht lng chy.
4. Cc yu cu v mc thot him do c quan c thm quyn quy nh
5. Cc t in ph t trong thit b khng thuc i tng ca yu cu ny. iu
ngoi tr ny p dng cho cc n phng in v cc t in khi ng ng c.
Mc III. BO V CHNG QU DNG IN
iu 17. Yu cu chung
Cc thit b bo v phi ct c mi qu dng chy trong dy dn trc khi dng
ny gy ra nguy him do cc hiu ng nhit v c hoc do nhit tng qu cao lm h
hng cch in, mi ni, cc u u dy hoc mi trng chung quanh dy dn.
iu 18. Bo v chng qu ti
1. Phi hp gia dy dn v thit b bo v chng qu ti

Cc c tnh lm vic ca thit b bo v chng qu ti phi tho mn hai iu kin
sau:
I B I n I z (1)
I 2 1,45 I z (2)
trong :
IB : l dng thit k s dng trong dy dn;
IZ : l dng cho php chy lin tc trong dy dn;
In : l dng nh mc ca thit b bo v;
i vi cc thit b bo v c th chnh c th dng in nh mc In l dng
c la chn khi chnh nh.
I2 l dng in m bo tc ng c hiu qu trong thi gian quy c ca thit b
bo v. Dng I2 m bo thit b bo v tc ng c hiu qu c cho trong tiu chun
sn phm hoc c th do nh ch to cung cp.
Bo v theo iu ny khng m bo y trong mt s trng hp, th d
chng qu dng nh hn I2 nhng ko di, v khng nht thit dn n mt gii php
kinh t nht. Cho nn phi gi thit l mch c thit k vi iu kin l dng qu ti
nh, ko di khng hay xy ra.
2. V tr t thit b bo v qu ti
Thit b bo v chng qu ti phi c t ch c s thay i lm cho dng
in cho php b gim i nh thay i v tit din, v loi dy v phng thc lp t.
14
3. Cc trng hp khng t bo v chng qu ti v l do an ton

Khng lp t thit b bo v chng qu ti cho cc mch cung cp cho cc thit b
in m vic ct mch c th gy ra nguy him(nh mch cung cp cho cc nam chm
in t cu hng, mch kch thch cho cc my in quay, mch th cp ca my bin
dng in). Trong nhng trng hp nh vy phi c bin php pht ra tn hiu cnh bo
khi c qu ti.
iu 19. Bo v chng ngn mch
1. Xc nh dng in ngn mch tnh ton

Phi xc nh dng in ngn mch tnh ton tng im lin quan ca h thng
trang thit b. C th xc nh dng in ngn mch qua tnh ton hoc qua o lng.
2. V tr t cc bo v chng ngn mch

Thit b bo v chng ngn mch phi c t ni m tit din dy dn gim
hoc s thay i no khc gy ra s thay i dng in cho php trong dy
Thit b bo v c th c t pha trc ch c thay i v tit din hoc thay
i no khc, min l n c cc c tnh vn hnh ging nh c t pha sau
3. Min tr thit b bo v chng ngn mch

Cho php khng dng cc thit b bo v chng ngn mch trong cc trng hp
sau y:
a) Cc dy dn ni cc my pht, my bin p, b chnh lu, b c quy n cc
bng in km theo, cc thit b bo v c t cc bng ny;
b) Cc mch nu b ct s gy nguy him cho vn hnh ca thit b;
c) Mt s mch o lng.
min l tho mn ng thi c hai iu kin sau y:
Dy dn c x l gim ti thiu ri ro ngn mch
Dy dn khng c t gn cc vt liu d chy.
4. Bo v ngn mch cc dy dn song song

Mt thit b bo v c th bo v chng ngn mch nhiu dy dn u song song
min l c tnh lm vic ca thit b bo v y m bo tc ng hiu qu khi c s c
xy ra im nguy him nht trong mt dy dn. Cn xt n s phn b dng ngn
mch gia cc dy dn u song song. Mt im s c c th c cung cp in t hai
u ca mt dy dn song song.
Nu mt thit b bo v khng bo m, th c th s dng mt hay nhiu trong
cc bin php sau y:
a) C th s dng mt thit b bo v duy nht nu:
- H thng dy c c lp t gim ti thiu ri ro ngn mch bt
k dy dn no, th d bng bo v chng h hng v c hc v;
- Cc dy dn khng c t gn cc vt liu d chy.
b) Vi hai dy dn u song song, phi dng mt thit b bo v chng ngn mch
u vo ca tng dy;
15
c) Vi s dy u song song nhiu hn 2, cc thit b bo v chng ngn mch

phi c t c hai u cung cp v ph ti ca tng dy.
5. Cc c tnh ca thit b bo v chng ngn mch

Mi thit b bo v chng ngn mch phi p ng c hai iu kin sau y:
a) Dng ct khng c nh hn dng ngn mch tnh ton ch t thit b, tr
trng hp cho php sau y:
- Cho php dng ct nh nu t pha trc mt thit b bo v khc c
kh nng ct. Trong trng hp ny, phi phi hp vi cc c tnh ca thit b sao cho
nng lng qua hai thit b bo v ny khng vt qu kh nng chu ng v khng lm
h hng thit b bo v pha sau v h hng dy dn c bo v bng thit b ;
- Trong mt s trng hp, c th cn ch n mt s c tnh khc na i vi
thit b bo v pha sau nh lc in ng, nng lng h quang. Chi tit cc thng tin
cn thit nn tham kho nh ch to thit b.
b) Tt c cc dng in do ngn mch gy ra mt im bt k ca mch phi
c ct ngay khi cha lm nng dy dn ln ti nhit gii hn.
iu 20. Phi hp bo v qu ti v ngn mch
1. Bo v bng cng mt thit b

Khi bo v chng qu ti c dng ct ln hn dng in ngn mch tnh ton
im t thit b th coi nh c bo v ngn mch sy ra dy dn pha sau im .
2. Bo v bng hai thit b ring bit

p dng cc yu cu tng ng cho thit b bo v qu ti v thit b bo v ngn
mch.
Cc c tnh ca cc thit b phi c phi hp sao cho nng lng qua thit b
bo v ngn mch khng vt qu kh nng chu ng ca thit b bo v qu ti.
iu 21. Hn ch qu dng bng cc c tnh ngun cung cp

Cc dy dn c coi l c bo v chng qu ti v ngn mch khi chng c
cung cp t mt ngun khng c kh nng cung cp mt dng vt qu kh nng ti ca
dy dn (th d my bin p cch ly, my bin p hn v mt vi my n pht in).
Mc IV. BO V CHNG NHIU IN P V IN T
iu 22. Quy nh chung

H thng trang thit b in phi m bo an ton cho ngi v thit b h p khi
c s c gia h thng cao p vi t phn cao p ca trm bin p cung cp cho h
thng h p
iu 23. Bo v cc thit b h p chng cc qu p tm thi v cc s c

gia cao p v t
Cc thit b h p phi c bo v chng cc qu p tm thi v cc s c gia
cao p v t.
16
1. Cc yu cu chung
Khi tnh ton qu in p tm thi phi tnh ton cc trng thi sau y :
a) S c gia h thng cao p v t
b) Mt trung tnh
c) Chm t h thng h p
d) Ngn mch trong h thng h p.
2. in p s c :
a) in p s c
Trang thit b in phi chu c cc qu in p tm thi c th sy ra.
b) in p cm ng
Gi tr v thi gian ca in p cm ng tn s cng nghip ca cc thit b h p
khi c s c chm t ca h thng cao p khng c vt qu g tr ca Bng ph lc
1.
3. H thng ni t trong trm bin p phn phi

Trong mt trm bin p phn phi ngoi ni t lm vic v ni t bo v phi c
mch ni t an ton ni vi:
a) Cc ni t;
b) V my bin p;
c) V kim loi ca cc cp cao p;
d) V kim loi ca cp h p tr khi c trung tnh c ni t qua cc ni t
ring;
e) Dy ni t ca h thng cao p;
g) V thit b cao v h p;
h) Cc phn ngoi lai c tnh dn in.
4. Bo v chng qu p kh quyn v do ng ct
H thng trang thit b in phi c bo v chng cc qu p qu do thin
nhin t li phn phi truyn n v chng cc qu p pht sinh do thao tc cc thit b
trong phm vi li.
Cn phi xt n cc qu p c th xut hin u vo ca H thng trang thit
b, mc st v v tr v cc c tnh ca tit b bo v qu p, sao cho gim kh nng
xy ra ng sut qu p n mc c th chp nhn c i vi an ton ca ngi v ti
sn, cng nh m bo lin tc cung cp in .
iu 24. Cc yu cu chung trong bo v chng st p

1. Khi c st p, hoc mt in p sau phc hi in p c th gy ra cc trng
thi nguy him cho ngi v thit b, th cn c bin php phng.
Cn lu n kh nng h hng mt phn ca h thng trang thit b hoc thit b
do st p gy ra.
17
Khng cn c thit b bo v st p nu cc h hng cho h thng trang thit b

hoc cho thit b c xt n mt ri ro c th chp nhn c, min l khng c
nguy him cho ngi.
2. Phi tnh n thi gian tr ca thit b bo v st p c th gy nguy him n
ngi v trang thit b.
3. Khi s dng mt cng tc t, phi tnh thi gian tr khi m v ng li phi
khng cn tr vic ct mch tc thi do iu khin hay do thit b bo v.
4. Cc c tnh ca thit b bo v chng st p phi ph hp vi cc yu cu khi
khi ng v vn hnh thit b.
5. Khi thit b bo v ng in tr li c kh nng gy ra mt trng thi nguy him
th vic ng li khng c lm vic t ng.
Chng IV: LA CHN V LP T CC TRANG THIT B IN

Mc I: CC QUY TC CHUNG
iu 25. Yu cu chung i vi trang thit b in

Cc thit b phi tho mn cc tiu chun ca Vit Nam. Nu Vit Nam cha c th
cho php s dng theo tiu chun Quc t. Vic tha nhn p dng tiu chun Quc t
do c quan c thm quyn quy nh.
iu 26. Cc iu kin vn hnh v nh hng ngoi lai
1. Cc iu kin vn hnh
a) V in p
Cc thit b phi c in p vn hnh ph hp vi in p danh nh ca ngun
cung cp in.
i vi mt s thit b, c th phi lu n in p cao nht hoc thp nht c th
xut hin trong vn hnh bnh thng.
b) V dng in
Trang thit b phi c la chn theo iu kin dng in lin tc lu di trong iu
kin vn hnh bnh thng.
Trang thit b phi c kh nng mang c dng in trong cc iu kin khng
bnh thng c th xy ra trong khong thi gian quy nh theo c tnh ca thit b bo
v.
c) V tn s
Tn s nh mc ca thit b phi tng ng vi tn s ca ngun cung cp.
d) V cng sut
Trang thit b c l chn theo c tnh cng sut, phi ph hp vi cc iu
kin vn hnh bnh thng c tnh n h s ng thi.
e) V tnh tng thch
18
Trang thit b phi c la chn sao cho khng gy ra cc hiu ng c hi cho

thit b khc cng nh cho ngun cung cp trong vn hnh bnh thng, bao gm c thao
tc ng ct.
2. Cc nh hng ngoi lai

a) Cc thit b phi c la chn v lp t theo cc yu cu ca Bng Ph lc 2;
trn nu cc c tnh ca thit b cn thit ph hp vi cc nh hng ngoi lai.
Cc c tnh ca thit b c xc nh hoc theo mc bo v hoc p ng c
cc th nghim.
b) Vi mt thit b khi ch to, khng c cc c tnh thch ng vi cc nh hng
ngoi lai ni lp t vn c th c s dng vi iu kin d kin trc cc bo v ph
thch hp, khi lp t. Cc bo v ph ny khng c lm h hi n cc iu kin vn
hnh ca thit b cn c bo v.
c) Khi cc nh hng ngoi lai khc nhau xy ra ng thi, cc tc ng ca
chng c th c lp hoc nh hng ln nhau, phi c mc bo v thch hp.
iu 27. Kh nng tip cn

Tt c cc trang thit b phi c b tr c th d dng vn hnh, kim tra v
bo dng.
iu 28. nh s, nhn dng
1. Yu cu chung
Thit b phi c nhn hoc cc cch nhn dng thch hp phn bit c cc
nhim v v thng s ca cc thit b ng ct v thit b kim tra.
2. Cc h thng dn in
H thng dn in phi c b tr v k hiu sao cho c th nhn dng kim tra,
th nghim, sa cha.
3. Nhn dng cc dy trung tnh v dy bo v

Phi c bin php phn bit c dy trung tnh v dy bo v.
4. Cc thit b bo v
Cc thit b bo v phi c b tr sao cho c th d dng phn bit c cc
mch c bo v.
iu 29. Ngn chn nh hng tng h c hi
1. nh hng c hi
Thit b phi c la chn v lp t sao cho ngn nga mi nh hng c hi
gia cc trang thit b vi nhau k c vi trang thit b khng in.
2. nh hng in t
Trang thit b in c la chn theo kh nng chu nhiu in t v khng c
pht nhiu in t lm nh hng xu n cc thit b lin quan.
Mc chu nhiu ca thit b phi xt n cc nh hng in t trong iu kin vn
hnh lu di.
19
Mc II: H THNG DN IN
iu 30. Yu cu chung
H thng ng dn in phi c la chn cho ph hp vi trang thit b in.
iu 31. H thng thanh dn ch to sn

H thng thanh dn phi c lp t theo tiu chun sn phm v theo hng
dn ca nh ch to.
iu 32. La chn v thi cng theo cc nh hng ngoi lai

Khi thi cng lp t phi tnh n cc nh hng sau :
1. Nhit xung quanh

H thng ng dn in phi c la chn v thi cng sao cho ph hp i vi
nhit xung quanh cao nht.
2. Khi c nc
Cc h thng ng dn in phi c la chn v thi cng sao cho khng b h
hng trong iu kin m t.
3. Khi c cc vt th rn,ng thc vt xm nhp

H thng ng dn in phi c la chn v lp t sao cho hn ch cc nguy
c do cc vt th rn, ng thc vt xm nhp.
4. Trong mi trng c cc cht n mn hoc gy nhim

Trong iu kin c cht n mn hoc gy nhim th h thng ng dn in phi
c la chn, hoc c bin php tng cng bo v chng c s n mn.
5. Chu tc ng c hc
H thng ng dn in phi c la chn v lp t sao cho hn ch c
nhng h hi do ng lc c hc trong iu kin vn hnh bnh thng nh va p,rung
ng, xuyn thng hoc nn p.
6. Kt cu cc to nh
Khi kt cu cc to nh c nhng nguy c dch chuyn (khe chng ln, co dn,....),
nhng gi cp v nhng h thng bo v phi cho php dch chuyn tng i nhm
trnh cho nhng dy dn v cp phi chu ng nhng ng lc c qu mc.
7. Khi c bc x mt tri
H thng ng dn in phi c la chn sao cho chu c tc ng ca bc
x hoc phi c bin php bo v thch hp.
iu 33. Kh nng ti dng in

H thng ng dn in phi c la chn theo dng in ln nht chy trong
ng dn iu kin vn hnh bnh thng, phi m bo nhit ca dy dn tng
khng vt qu kh nng cho php (tham kho ph lc 3).
20
iu 34. Tit din dy dn

1. Tit din ca dy dn c la chn theo iu kin v c hc, in p v iu
kin pht nng, khng tnh n thi gian khi ng ca ng c hoc tng dng in ca
mt s trang thit b.
2. Dy dn trung tnh trong mch mt pha hai dy phi c cng tit din nh dy dn
pha.
3. Trong nhng mch nhiu pha m nhng dy pha c tit din ln hn16 mm2
bng ng hoc 25 mm2 bng nhm, dy dn trung tnh c th c tit din nh hn tit
din ca cc dy dn pha nu nhng iu kin sau c tho mn ng thi:
a) Dng in cc i, bao gm c cc sng hi nu c, trong dy dn trung tnh
trong vn hnh bnh thng khng ln hn dng in cho php tng ng vi tit din
gim nh ca dy dn trung tnh;
b) Tit din dy dn ti thiu (xem ph lc 4).
iu 35. u ni in
1. u ni gia cc dy dn vi nhau v gia cc dy dn vi cc thit b khc phi
m bo vn hnh lin tc lu di v in, bn c v mc bo v thch hp.
2.Tt c nhng mi u ni phi d tip cn kim tra, th nghim v bo dng,
tr nhng trng hp sau:
a) Nhng mi ni ca cp chn ngm;
b) Nhng mi ni c bc trong cht tng hp hoc c bt kn.
3. Khi u ni hai ng dn m ti im u ni ca hai vt liu khc nhau th phi
c bin php bo v nhit cho dy dn hoc ng dn c mc chu nhit thp hn v
bo v chng n mn.
iu 36. La chn v lp t cc ng dn in hn ch la lan truyn

bn trong to nh
1. Phi la chn vt liu thch hp v lp t theo cc iu kin ngoi lai hn ch
cc nguy c lan truyn ho hon.
2. H thng dy dn phi c lp t sao cho khng lm suy gim nhng c tnh
cu trc v an ton chng chy ca ta nh.
3. C th lp t dy cp v cc sn phm ph hp vi cc tiu chun chng chy
m khng cn c cc bin php c bit.
iu 37. La chn v lp t theo kh nng duy tu bo dng, lm v sinh

Khi lp t h thng dy dn phi m bo thun tin cho qu trnh vn hnh v bo
dng.
Mc III. THIT B NG CT V IU KHIN
21
iu 38. Yu cu chung
1. Cc tip im ng ca mi thit b a cc cn phi khp ni c kh sao cho
chng c ng m ng thi, tr nhng tip im dng cho dy trung tnh c th ng
trc v m sau cc tip im khc.
2. Trong cc mch in nhiu pha, thit b mt cc khng c t trn dy trung
tnh, tr nhng thit b nh: dao cch ly, cm, phch cm, b phn thay th trong cu
ch.
iu 39. Thit b bo v chng tip xc gin tip bng cch ct ngun cp in
1. Thit b bo v theo dng in cc i

Khi sy ra s c hoc qu ti th phi c thit b bo v dng in cc i tch
ngun cung cp ra khi s c.
2. Thit b bo v theo dng in d (dng in so lch)

a) Thit b bo v bng dng in d phi m bo ct c tt c cc dy dn
mang dng in trong phn mch c bo v;
b) Thit b bo v bng dng in d phi c b tr sao cho ch ct dng in d,
khng ct in khi xut hin dng in r trong iu kin vn hnh bnh thng;
c) S dng thit b bo v bng dng in d kt hp vi cc mch khng c dy
dn bo v, ngay c khi nu dng in d nh mc khng qu 30 mA, khng c coi
nh bin php bo v y chng tip xc gin tip.
iu 40. Thit b bo v chng qu dng in
1. Cc yu cu chung
a) cu ch loi vn xoy phi c u ni sao cho tip im gia ni vi dy
ngun n.
c) cu ch loi np cm phi c sp xp sao cho loi tr kh nng np cu ch
chm vo cc phn dn in ca hai cu ch bn cnh.
d) Khi cc my ct in c th c thao tc bi cc ngi khng c o to, th
phi c thit k hay lp t sao cho khng c th iu chnh c cc tr s chnh nh
cc thit b bo v qu dng m khng c cha kho hay dng c, v phi c mt vch ch
th trng thy c tr s chnh nh.
2. La chn thit b bo v chng qu ti cho cc dy dn

Dng in danh nh (hay dng in chnh nh) ca thit b bo v phi c la
chn ph hp vi iu kin :
I B I n I z (1)
I2 1,45 I z (2)
trong :
IB : l dng thit k s dng trong dy dn;
Iz : l dng cho php chy lin tc trong dy dn;
In : l dng nh mc ca thit b bo v.
22
i vi cc thit b bo v c th chnh c th dng in nh mc In l dng

c la chn khi chnh.
I2 l dng in m bo tc ng c hiu qu trong thi gian quy c ca thit b
bo v. Dng I2 m bo thit b bo v tc ng c hiu qu c cho trong tiu chun
sn phm hoc c th do nh ch to cung cp.
3. La chn thit b bo v chng ngn mch cho cc dy dn

Vic p dng cc quy tc ca bo v qu dng in i vi cc ngn mch c thi
gian ti a bng 5s cn phi tnh n cc iu kin ngn mch ti a.
Khi thit b bo v quy nh c hai kh nng ct ngn mch khi vn hnh nh mc
v kh nng ct ngn mch ti a nh mc, cho php chn thit b bo v trn c s kh
nng ct ngn mch vi iu kin ngn mch ti a. Tuy nhin, Khi la chn thit b bo
v phi tnh n cc iu kin ngn mch trong vn hnh c th xy ra. Thit b bo v
c lp t ti pha ngun cp ca cng trnh.
iu 41. Thit b bo v chng nhiu lon in p v nhiu lon in t
1. Thit b bo v chng qu p
Phi la chn v lp t cc thit b chng st cho cng trnh v to nh hn
ch c cc qu in p do st t h phn phi truyn n v chng cc qu p do
ng ct cc thit b gy ra trong cng trnh.
2. Yu cu lp t chng st
Cc thit b chng st phi c t sao cho cng gn u vo ca h thng trang
thit b cng tt.
Phi lp t chng st theo ch dn ca nh ch to trnh cc ri ro chy n.
Bo v chng tip xc gin tip vn phi duy tr c tc dng trong cc h thng
trang thit b cho cc to nh ngay c khi s c b chng st
Thit b chng st v cc bin php bo v ni tip phi chu c cc qu p ni b
tm thi.
3. La chn thit b chng st

Thit b chng st phi ph hp theo cc tiu chun thit b.
4. Thit b bo v chng st p
Khi c st p nguy him th phi b tr thit b bo v chng st p.
iu 42. Thit b cch ly v ct in

Cc bin php cch ly v ng ct khng t ng, t xa hoc ti ch phi ngn chn
v loi tr cc nguy him cho cc thit b in .
1. Cch ly
a) Mi mt mch in u phi c th c cch ly trn tng dy dn mang in,
tr cc mch m dy dn bo v c yu cu khng b cch ly hoc ct ra;
b) Cn c cc bin php thch hp trnh trng hp ng in cho mt thit b
mt cch v , nh : kho li, c bng bo hiu, t trong phm vi c kho hoc c v
bc;
23
c) C th s dng bin php b sung l ni tt hc ni t;

d) Khi mt thit b hoc mt khoang cha cc phn mang in ni vo nhiu ngun
cung cp, cn phi t bin bo, tin bo v tr d dng nhn bit;
e) Cn c cc bin php thch hp phng in p d do cm ng.
2. Thit b cch ly
a) Cc thit b lm nhim v cch ly phi cch ly hon ton cc dy dn mang in
cung cp khi cc mch c lin quan, c xt n cc loi s dy dn bo v c yu
cu khng b cch ly hoc ct ra.
b) Cc thit b cch ly phi tho mn cc iu kin sau:
- trng thi m, chu c in p xung gia cc u cc c gi tr nu trong
bng ph lc 5 tu theo in p nh mc ca h thng trang thit b.
- C th cn n khong cch ln hn so vi khong cch tng ng vi in p
chu ng xung nu c xt n cc nhim v khc ngoi nhim v cch ly.
c) Khong cch cch ly gia cc cc m ca thit b phi c trng thy hoc
c ch th r rng v tin cy bng cc k hiu m. Cc ch th nh vy ch c xut
hin khi t c khong cch cch ly gia cc tip im m ca tng cc.
d) Khng c s dng thit b bn dn lm thit b cch ly;
e) Cc thit b cch ly phi c thit k v/ hoc lp t sao cho khng th ng
li mt cch v hoc ngu nhin (vic ng li v hay ngu nhin ny c th c gy
ra do con ngi hoc do rung ng hoc va chm mnh).
g) Phi m bo cc thit b cch ly khng ct c dng ph ti khng thao tc
khi mch ang mang ti.
h) Trong trng hp my ct nhiu cc th phi dng thit b cch ly c s cc
tng ng hoc c bin php ct ph hp.
i) Mi thit b dng cch ly phi c nhn dng r rng ch r cc mch
c cch ly.
3. Ct mch bo dng
a) Phi ct in khi vic bo dng c th gy nguy him;
b) Phi c cc bin php thch hp ngn chn cc thit b chy bng in khng
b ng in mt cch v trong khi bo dng, nh : kho li, c bin bo hiu,....
c) Cc thit b ct in khi bo dng;
d) Cc thit b ct in khi bo dng phi c t trn mch cung cp ngun;
e) Thit b ct in khi kim tra bo dng c hc hoc cc mch ph, iu
khin cc thit b ny ch c khng ch bng con ngi, loi b hon ton cc mch
iu khin t ng, lin ng, t xa khc;
g) Cc thit b khi bo dng c hc phi c thit k v/ hoc lp t sao cho
trnh vic ng tr li mt cch v hoc ngu nhin;
h) Cc thit b ct in khi bo dng c hc phi c b tr v nh du sao
cho d nhn dng v thun tin s dng.
24
4. Thao tc khn cp
4.1 Yu cu chung
Thao tc khn cp c th l khi ng khn cp hoc dng khn cp.
a) Phi c cc bin php ct khn cp mi b phn ca trang thit b, c th
cn phi iu khin s cung cp in loi tr cc nguy him bt ng;
b) Khi c ri ro in git, thit b ct khn cp phi ct tt c mi ng dy c in
tr trng hp dy dn bo v khng yu cu cch ly;
c) Cc phng tin ng ct khn cp, k c ngng khn cp, phi tc ng trc
tip ln cc ngun cung cp in;
d) Phi b tr sao cho ch cn mt ng tc l ct c ng ngun cung cp in;
e) Cc thit b ct khn cp phi c b tr sao cho vic thao tc khng gy ra
nguy him tip theo hoc lm phc tp thm khi khc phc cc nguy him;
g) Phi c cc bin php ngng khn cp khi cc chuyn ng do in sinh ra c
th gy nguy him, nh: cu thang in, thang my, bng ti, ....
4.2 Cc thit b ct khn cp
a) Cc thit b ct khn cp phi ct c dng ti ca cc phn thit b c lin quan
c tnh n dng in ca ng c b hm;
b) Cc phng tin ct khn cp c th l:
- Mt thit b ct c th trc tip ct ngun cung cp, hoc
- Mt t hp cc thit b hot ng ch bng mt ng tc nhm mc ch ct
ngun cung cp.
c) Khi ngng khn cp, c th cn thit phi duy tr ngun cung cp, th d hm
li cc phn ng;
d) Cc thit b thao tc bng tay (tay cm, nt bm...) ct khn cp phi c
nhn dng r rng, sn mu trn nn tng phn thch hp;
e) Cc phng tin thao tc phi d tip cn nhng ch c th xy ra nguy him
v nhng ch thch hp, c th t xa loi tr c nguy him;
g) Cc phng tin thao tc cc thit b khn cp phi c th c kho li v tr
ct hoc ngng, tr khi c hai phng tin thao tc ct khn cp v ng in li u
di s gim st ca con ngi;
Sau khi gii phng mt thit b ct khn cp ra khng c cp in li cho thit b.
h) Thit b ct khn cp, k c ngng khn cp phi c t v nh du sao cho
d nhn dng v thun tin cho vn hnh.
5. ng ct theo chc nng (iu khin)

5.1 Yu cu chung
a) Phi c thit b ng ct theo chc nng cho tng phn mch c nhu cu phi
iu khin c lp vi cc phn khc ca trang thit b;
b) Cc thit b ct theo chc nng khng cn thit phi ct tt c cc dy c in
ca mch
Thit b iu khin n cc khng c lp t trn dy trung tnh.
25
c) C th s dng cc v phch cm c dng nh mc nh hn 16 A lm chc

nng ng, ct. Khi s dng phi lu n cc tnh;
d) Cc thit b iu khin chc nng nhm thay i cc ngun cung cp phi tc
ng ln tt c mi dy dn mang in v khng c cc ngun vo trng thi song
song, tr khi trang thit b c thit k theo iu kin ny.
5.2 Cc thit b ng ct theo chc nng
a) Cc thit b iu khin ng ct theo chc nng phi thch hp vi iu kin lm
vic nng n nht c th xy ra;
b) Cc thit b iu khin ng ct theo chc nng c th ct dng in m khng
cn m cc cc tng ng (v d nh cc thit b iu khin ng ct bng bn dn)
Cc thit b iu khin ng ct theo chc nng c th l :
- Cc cu dao ph ti;
- Cc thit b bn dn;
- Cc my ngt;
- Cc cng tc t;
- Cc cm v phch cm di 16 A;
c) Cc cu dao cch ly, cu ch v thanh ni khng c dng lm thit b iu
khin chc nng;
5.3. Mch in iu khin
Cc mch iu khin phi c thit k, b tr v bo v hn ch mi nguy
him khi c s c gia cc mch iu khin v cc phn dn in khc c th nh hng
n s vn hnh cc thit b c iu khin.
5.4. iu khin ng c
a) Cc mch iu khin ng c phi c thit k ngn cn ng c t ng
khi ng li sau khi ngng do st in p hoc mt in, nu vic khi ng li nh th
c th gy nguy him;
b) Khi ng c c hm bng dng in o, phi c bin php trnh ng c
quay ngc khi kt thc qu trnh hm, nu vic quay ngc chiu ny gy nguy him;
c) Khi mc an ton ph thuc vo chiu quay ca ng c, phi c bin php
ngn chn vic quay ngc, th d gy ra do o th t pha hoc mt mt pha.
Cn phi ch n nguy him c th xy ra do mt mt pha.
Mc IV: CC TRANG B NI T V DY DN BO V
iu 43. Yu cu chung
in tr ni t ca cc trang thit b ni t phi tho mn cc iu kin v bo v
an ton v cc yu cu v vn hnh ca cc H thng trang thit b in.
26
iu 44. Ni t
1. Cc trang b ni t
1.1 Cc trang b ni t c dng chung hoc tch ring nhm mc ch bo v v
vn hnh theo cc yu cu ca trang thit b.
1.2 Vic la chn v lp t cc trang b ni t phi m bo:
a) Gi tr in tr ni t ph hp vi cc yu cu v bo v v vn hnh thit b v
duy tr c lu di;
b) Cc dng s c ni t v cc dng r xung t c th i qua m khng gy
nguy him, c bit do cc nh hng nhit, nhit c v c in;
1.3 Phi c bin php chng h hng cc b phn kim loi khc do cc tc ng
in phn.
2. Cc cc ni t
2.1. C th dng cc loi cc (cc) ni t sau:
a) Cc thanh, ng, cc tm hoc cc si dy;
b) Cc in cc (cc kim loi) nm trong y h mng;
c) Cc ct thp ca b tng;
d) Cc cu trc thch hp khc.
2.2. Loi v chn su ca cc cc (cc) ni t sao cho khi t kh v ng
bng khng lm tng in tr cc (cc) ni t vt qu gi tr yu cu.
2.3 Cc vt liu c dng lm cu trc cc cc (cc) phi sao cho chng uc n
mn.
2.4 Cc vt dn ca cc cng trnh khc ch c s dng lm cc ni t khi
c s tho thun ca ch cng trnh.
Cc ng dn cc cht c kh nng gy ra chy n (ng dn kh, ga, xng du,...) th
khng c dng lm cc ni t.
3. Dy ni t
a) Cc dy ni t phi tho mn cc yu cu v tit din ti thiu v khi c chn
di t th tit din phi khng nh hn gi tr trong bn ph lc 6;
b) Vic ni dy ni t vo cc (cc) ni t phi c thc hin sao cho m bo
bn c hc v kh nng dn in trong iu kin theo yu cu trong iu kin vn
hnh bnh thng.
Khi dng cc kp ni, khng c lm h hng cc (cc) hoc dy dn ni t.
4. Cc u cc hoc cc thanh ni t chnh

Trong tt c cc trang thit b c yu cu ni t, phi c cc u cc hoc thanh
ni t chnh ni vo h thng ni t.
Cc u cc hoc thanh ni t chnh phi b tr ni d tip cn v o c in
tr tip t.
27
iu 45. Dy bo v
1. Tit din ti thiu

a) Tit din dy dn khng c nh hn gi tr xc nh theo cng thc sau: (ch
p dng vi thi gian ct khng qu 5s)
I 2t
S
k
trong :
S: tit din (mm2).
I: Gi tr (hiu dng xoay chiu) ca dng s c ln nht c th chy qua thit b
bo v (A).
t: Thi gian vn hnh ca trang b ct tnh bng giy (s).
k: H s ph thuc vo vt liu ca dy dn bo v, vo cch in v cc b phn
khc v nhit ban u v cui cng. Gi tr h s k i vi cc dy dn bo v trong
cc iu kin khc nhau c nu trong cc bng Ph lc 7, Ph lc 8, Ph lc 9 v Ph
lc 10.
Tit din dy dn khi tnh ton nh hn gi tr tit din tiu chun th s dng dy
dn c tit din chun ho cao hn gn nht.
Tit din c tnh ton nh trn phi ph hp vi cc iu kin c quy nh
cho tng tr mch vng s c.
V cc gii hn nhit i vi cc trang thit b trong cc mi trng d chy n,
c quy nh ring.
Cn phi tnh n cc nhit cc i cho php i vi cc mi ni.
b) Cc tit din dy dn bo v khng c nh hn cc tit din ch trong
bng Ph lc 10. Trong trng hp ny, khng cn kim tra theo iu 47.
Nu p dng bng ny dn n cc gi tr khng c tiu chun ho th s dng
cc dy n c tit din c tiu chun ho cao hn gn nht.
Cc gi tr trong bng ph lc 10 ch c gi tr nu cc vt liu ca dy dn bo v
l cng kim loi nh cc dy dn pha. Nu khng tho mn, th cc tit din ca cc dy
dn bo v c xc nh theo cch c c in dn tng ng nh p dng
bng Ph lc 10.
c) Trong tt c cc trng hp, cc dy dn bo v khng phi l mt phn ca
cp cung cp hoc v bc cp th phi c tit din ti thiu l:
2,5 mm2 nu c bo v v c.
4 mm2 nu khng c bo v v c.
2. Cc loi dy dn bo v
a) Cc dy dn bo v c th l:
- Cc dy dn trong cc cp nhiu si.
- Cc dy dn c cch in hoc trn trong mt v bc chung vi cc dy dn c
in.
28
- Cc dy dn ring r trn c nh hoc c cch in.

- Cc v bc bng kim loi, th d cc v bc, cc mn chn, cc v thp cp.
- Mt s cc phn t c tnh dn in ngoi lai.
b) Khi cc trang thit b c cc v bc hoc cc khung ca mt hp b c lp
sn hoc cc h thanh ci c bc kim loi, th cc v bc kim loi hoc cc khung kim
loi c th c dng lm vt dn bo v nu chng tho mn ng thi hai iu kin
sau y:
- m bo tnh lin tc v in, chng c cc h hi c hc, ho hc hoc in
ho.
- Phi cho php u ni vi cc dy dn bo v khc mt ni c nh
trc.
c) Cc phn c tnh dn in ngoi lai c th c dng lm dy dn bo v nu
chng tho mn ng thi bn iu kin sau y:
- m bo tnh lin tc v in hoc do cu to hoc bng cc u ni thch hp
sao cho c bo v chng cc h hi v c, ho v in ho;
- dn in ti thiu phi bng dn in khi p dng iu 47;
- Tr khi c cc bin php b tr, cn th phi c bin php chng tho b;
- Cc phn t ny phi c nghin cu trc khi s dng vo vic ni t, nu
cn thit th phi c bin php b sung, ci to.
C th s dng cc ng ng nc kim loi, nu c s ng ca ngi hoc c
quan qun l h thng nc. Khng c s dng cc ng ng kh, nhin liu lm dy
dn bo v.
3. Bo m an ton dy dn bo v
a) Cc dy dn bo v phi c bo v chng cc h hi v c hc, ho hc v
cc lc in ng;
b) Khng c t thit b ng ct trn dy dn bo v;
c) Cc phn h c tnh dn in ca thit b khng c dng lm mt phn ca dy
dn bo v cho cc thit b khc;
d) Cc mi ni ca dy dn bo v phi c th tip cn c kim tra v th
nghim, tr cc mi ni c bc kn hoc in kn bng cc cht n ph hp.
iu 46. Trang b ni t s dng cho mc ch bo v
Dy dn ni t v dy dn bo v cho cc thit b bo v tc ng bng in p s

c phi m bo cc iu kin sau :
1. Phi c cc (cc) ni t ph, c lp v in i vi tt c cc phn t kim loi
c ni t khc, v d nh cc phn t cu trc kim loi, cc ng dn bng kim loi,
cc v bc kim loi ca cp. iu ny c coi l tho mn nu cc (cc) ni t ph
c t khong cch xa vi tt c cc phn t kim loi ni t khc.
2. Dy ni t dn n cc (cc) ni t ph phi c cch in trnh tip xc
vi dy dn bo v hoc bt k mt phn h c tnh dn in no tip xc hoc c
th tip xc.
29
3. Dy dn bo v ch c ni vo cc v ca cc thit b in m vic cp in
cho thit b in s b ngt khi thit b bo v lm vic trong cc iu kin s c.
iu 47. Trang b ni t nhm mc ch vn hnh

Cc trang b ni t cho cc mc ch vn hnh phi thc hin sao cho m bo
thit b vn hnh tt v cho php trang thit b vn hnh chnh xc v tin cy.
iu 48. Trang b ni t cho mc ch bo v v vn hnh

Khi cn ni t cho mc ch kt hp bo v v vn hnh, th cc yu cu v bin
php bo v phi c u tin hn.
iu 49. Cc dy ni lin kt ng th
Tit din ti thiu ca dy ni ng th phi tho mn iu kin sau:
1. Dy dn ng th chnh
Dy dn ng th chnh phi c tit din khng nh hn mt na tit din dy dn
bo v ln nht ca h thng trang thit b v t nht l 6 mm2. Tuy nhin tit din ny
khng qu 25 mm2 nu l ng hoc thit din tng ng nu l mt kim loi khc.
2. Dy dn ng th ph.
Nu c dy dn ng th ph ni hai v thit b, th tit din ca dy ng th ph
c th c tit din khng nh hn dy dn bo v nh hn trong hai dy dn bo v ni
vo hai phn h .
Nu dy dn ng th ph ni cc v thit b vi mt yu t c tnh dn in ngoi
lai th tit din ca n khng c nh hn mt na tit din dy dn bo v tng ng.
Mc V: MT S THIT B KHC
iu 50. Thit b pht in h p (MF)
1. Phm vi p dng
p dng cho cc h thng in h p i km theo cc t my pht in nhm
cung cp lin tc hoc gin on cho tt c hay mt phn h thng trang thit b hoc
cung cp cho cc thit b lu ng khng u ni thng xuyn vo mt h thng trang
thit b c nh. Thit b pht in h p c th bao gm cc thnh phn nh : ng c
my n, Tua bin, ng c in, Pin mt tri, Ac quy, cc ngun khc...
p dng cho cc my pht ng b c kch thch chnh hoc kch thch c lp,
my pht khng ng b c kch thch hoc t kch thch, my i in.
p dng cho cc dng cung cp sau:
a) Cung cp in cho mt h thng trang thit b khng u ni vi li in phn
phi cng cng;
b) Cung cp cho mt h thng trang thit b, thay th li phn phi cng cng;
c) Cung cp cho mt h thng trang thit b u song song vi mt li phn phi
cng cng;
d) Kt hp cc dng trn.
30
2. Cc yu cu chung
a) Cc bin php kch thch v i ni phi ph hp vi mc ch s dng thit b
pht; an ton v tng chc nng ring ca cc loi ngun khc nhau khng b nh
hng bi thit b pht ny;
b) Dng ngn mch v dng chm t d kin phi c xt n cho tng loi
ngun cung cp hoc vi tng t hp cc loi ngun c th hot ng c lp hoc kt
hp vi cc ngun khc. Thit b bo v bng dng ngn mch nh mc bn trong h
thng trang thit b, ni vo mng li cng cng, phi chu ng c trong mi phng
thc vn hnh ca cc ngun;
c) Khi thit b pht ch cung cp cho mt h thng trang thit b khng ni vo li
phn phi cng cng, th kh nng v c tnh vn hnh ca thit b pht ny khng c
gy nguy him hoc lm h hi cho thit b sau khi u ni hoc ct ra do s sai lch v
in p v tn s khi mc quy nh. Phi c cc bin php t ng ct mt phn h
thng trang thit b khi cn thit nu cng sut ca t my pht b qu ti.
Ghi ch :
- Phi tnh n h s khi ng ca ph ti ln.
- Phi ch n h s cng sut quy nh cho cc thit b bo v.
- Lp t thit b pht bn trong to nh c sn c th lm thay i iu kin mi
trng, th d nh a vo cc phn ng, cc phn c nhit cao hoc c kh c.
3. Bo v chng tip xc trc tip vi ngun hoc t hp ngun pht in

Yu cu phi c bin php chng tip xc trc tip hoc ngt mch in ra khi
ngun cung cp khi ngi tip xc trc tip vi dy dn mang in hoc thit b ang
mang in.
4. Bo v chng tip xc gin tip vi ngun cung cp hoc t hp ngun

cung cp
Phi c bo v chng tip xc gin tip trong h thng trang thit b i vi ngun
cung cp hoc t hp cc ngun cung cp c th lm vic c lp i vi cc ngun
khc.
4.1 Bo v bng cch t ng ct khi ngun cung cp.
Cn t ng ct ngun cung cp khi c nguy c in p tip xc tc hi n c th
con ngi.
Bin php bo v ny cn c s phi hp gia cc kiu s h thng ni t v
cc c tnh ca dy dn bo v v thit b bo v.
a) Ct ngun cung cp
Thit b bo v phi t ng ct ngun cung cp sao cho khi c s c v cch in
gia mt b phn c in vi v thit b hoc vi mt dy dn bo v, in p tip xc c
tr s vt qu 50V khng c tn ti trong mt thi gian gy ra hu qu c hi
cho ngi. Trong mt s trng hp tu theo loi s ni t thi gian ct ngun cho
php c th ti a l 5 giy.
Ghi ch : Thut ng v thit b dng y c hiu l v hoc gi thit b c tnh
dn in.
b) Ni t
31
Cc v thit b phi c u ni vo dy dn bo v theo cc iu kin quy nh

vi loi s ni t c dy bo v.
Cc v thit b c th tip cn ng thi phi cng c u ni vo mt trang b
ni t ring r, nhm hoc tng th.
My pht in h p phi c h thng ni t lm vic ring, khng c u ni
vo h thng ni t ca ngun cng cng.
4.2 Yu cu b sung cho h thng trang thit b km theo vi cc b chnh lu tnh.
a) Khi vic bo v chng tip xc gin tip cho cc b phn ca h thng trang
thit b c cung cp t mt b chnh lu tnh da trn vic ng ct t ng v thao tc
ca thit b bo v v pha ph ti khng nm trong phm vi thi gian i hi bi bo v
bng cch ngt ngun t ng, th phi c vnh ng th gia cc phn h c tnh dn
in c th b xm nhp ng thi v cc phn h c tnh dn in t ngoi ti pha
sau ca b chnh lu tnh ph hp vi vng ng th ph.
in tr ca cc dy dn vnh ng th ph gia cc phn c tnh dn in c th
tip xc ng thi phi tho mn cc iu kin sau y:
50
R
I a
trong
Ia: l dng in chm t cc i c th do b chnh lu cung cp n c trong
thi gian ti a ti 5 giy.
b) Phi c cc bin php hay phi la chn thit b sao cho thit b bo v lm vic
ng, h hi do b o in hoc thit b lc gy ra.
5. Bo v chng qu dng i vi MF
5.1. i vi cc h thng trang thit b m my pht c cung cp thay th cho
li phn phi, Cn c cc thit b cch ly sao cho my pht khng th lm vic song
song vi ngun cng cng (k c dy trung tnh).
5.2. i vi cc h thng trang thit b m cc my pht c th lm vic song song
vi ngun cng cng :
a) Khi la chn v s dng my pht chy song song vi li phn phi cng
cng, cn ch trnh cc tc dng ngc n mng li cung cp v cc h thng
trang thit b khc v mt h s cng sut, bin i in p, sng iu ho, mt cn bng,
khi ng, ng b v cc tro lu in p;
b) Phi c bo v ct my pht ra khi khi ngun cng cng trong trng hp
mt ngun ny hoc khi sai lch in p hay tn s u cung cp ln hn cc gi tr
nh mc;
Loi bo v, nhy v thi gian tc ng ph thuc vo bo v ca ngun v
phi c tho thun vi c quan qun l vn hnh ngun cng cng.
c) Phi c cc bin php ngn chn u ni my pht in vo ngun cng
cng khi in p v tn s ca ngun cng cng nm ngoi gii hn cho php vn hnh;
d) Phi c cc bin php c th cch ly my pht khi ngun cng cng. Cc
bin php cch ly ny phi d tip cn bi ngi qun l vn hnh ca ngun cng cng
trong mi lc.
32
iu 51. Cc trang thit b an ton
1. Yu cu chung
Trang thit b phc v cho cng tc an ton phi c la chn v lp t ph hp
vi cc yu cu ca ph ti.
iu ny bao gm cc yu cu tng qut v cc dch v cng tc an ton, la chn
v lp t cc h thng cung cp cho cc cng tc an ton v cc ngun an ton. Cc h
thng cung cp in thay th nm ngoi phm vi ca iu ny. iu ny cng khng p
dng trong lp t h thng t ti cc vng nguy him.
2. Vi cc h thng trang thit b an ton vn hnh trong iu kin c ho hon

phi :
a) Ngun cung cp an ton phi c la chn theo thi gian duy tr cp ngun
ph hp vi yu cu cp ca ph ti;
b) Cc thit b, hoc c ch to hoc c lp t chu c ho hon trong
thi gian quy nh
3. B tr thit b
Thit b phi c b tr d dng kim tra, gim st, th nghim v bo dng.
4. Cc ngun an ton
a) Phi lp t cc ngun an ton phc v cho cc dch v an ton nh l cc thit
b c nh v sao cho khng th gy ra cc hu qu xu khi mt ngun an ton;
b) Phi lp t cc ngun an ton phc v cho tc v an ton nhng ch thch
hp v d dng tip cn i vi cc nhn vin lnh ngh;
c) V tr cc ngun an ton phi sch s, thong mt khng cho kh c, khi t
cc ngun an ton c th lt vo ni lm vic;
d) Khng cho php dng cc nhnh c lp, ring r t ngun cng cng n tr
khi m bo l hai ngun cung cp khng pht sinh h hng ng thi.
5. Cc mch chc nng

a) Cc mch phc v cho cc cng tc an ton phi c lp vi cc mch khc;
b) Cc mch cho cc cng tc an ton khng c i qua cc ch c nguy c chy
tr khi chng chu c la. Trong mi trng hp, cc mch khng c i qua cc
vng c nguy c chy n cao;
c) Cc my ct, cu dao, tr cc thit b bo ng, phi c nh danh r rng v
nhm li nhng ch ch c th tip cn bi cc nhn vin lnh ngh. Cc thit b bo
ng cng phi c ghi danh r rt.
6. S dng cc thit b
a) Trong cc h thng chiu sng, cc loi n phi thch hp vi thi gian gin
on duy tr c mc nh sng quy nh;
b) cc thit b c cung cp bi hai mch khc nhau, khi c s c xy ra mt
mch khng c gy h hi n bo v chng in git v n hot ng chnh xc ca
mch kia. Cc thit b nh trn phi c ni vo cc dy dn bo v ca c hai mch,
nu cn thit.
33
c) Phi m bo bo v chng ngn mch v chng in git do tip xc gin tip

trong trng hp s c cho tng ngun;
d) Phi bo m bo v chng ngn mch v chng in git trong trng hp s
c d h thng trang thit b c cung cp ring r bi hai ngun hoc c hai lm vic
song song.
iu 52. Thit b chiu sng cho dch v an ton
1. Mc ch
iu ny dng la chn v lp t cc n v cc thit b chiu sng, thuc h
thng trang thit b c nh.
Cc yu cu ca iu ny khng p dng cho cc dn chiu sng tm thi.
2. Cc yu cu chung
Phi la chn v lp t cc b n theo cc hng dn ca nh ch to v theo
cc quy nh chung.
3. Bo v chng tc ng nhit
a) la chn cc b n v mt tc ng nhit i mi trng xung quanh
quanh, cn ch n cc im sau y:
- Nng lng cc i cho php to ra t cc bng n;
- Kh nng chu nhit ca cc vt xung quanh, im lp t, cc vng chu nh
hng ca nhit .
Khong cch ti thiu n cc vt liu d chy.
b) Ph thuc vo kh nng chu la ca cc vt liu ti ni lp t v ti cc vng
chu nh hng v nhit, cn tun th theo cc hng dn ca cc nh ch to. Phi la
chn v lp t cc b n theo cc quy nh chung.
4. Cc h thng i dy.
a) Nu s dng b n treo, b phn gi phi chu c ti trng bng 5 ln khi
lng ca b n. Dy cp v dy dn gia b phn treo v n phi c lp t sao
cho khng c ng sut cng v son ti mi ni;
b) Khi dy cp v dy dn cch in c lun qua n khi lp t, phi la chn
dy dn v cp thch hp nh quy nh v ch s dng cc b n ch to c lun dy
qua.
5. Bo v chng in git i vi cc gi n
Phi c bo v chng in git bng cch :
a) Hoc dng ngun cung cp in p an ton, hoc;
b) Dng thit b bo v tc ng bng dng in d, t ng ct ngun cung cp,
c gi tr dng in d nh mc khng vt qu 30 mA;
c) Cc bin php khc.
KT.B TRNG
TH TRNG
34
BNG PH LC
Ph lc 1 : in p ng sut xoay chiu cho php
in p ng sut xoay chiu cho php trn thit b ca thit
Thi gian ct (s)
tr h p (V)
Uo+ 250 V > 5s
Uo + 1200 V 5s
Ghi ch
Trong cc trng hp c bit (th d nh khi mt dy pha b chm
t), in p nh mc ca h thng h p vi t khng phi l Uo, in p
ny phi c quy nh r.
Dng trn cng ca bng lin quan n h thng c thi gian ct di, th
d h thng cao p ni t qua cun cm. Dng th hai trn bng lin quan n
h thng c thi gian ct ngn, th d h thng cao p ni t trc tip. C hai
dng u lin quan n tiu chun thit k cch in ca thit b h p khi c
qu p tm thi.
35
36
Ph lc 2 : Cc iu kin ngoi lai

A AA:Nhit (0C) AF: n mn AM: Bc x
AA1 -60 +5 AF1: khng ng k AM1: khng ng k
AA2 -40 +5 AF2: trong kh quyn AM2: dng...
AA3 -25 +5 AF3: thnh thong AM3: in t
AA4 -5 +40 AF4: thng xuyn AM4: ion ho
AA5 +5 +40 AG: va p AM5: tnh in
AA6 +5 +60 AG1: nh AM6: cm ng
AB: nhit v m AG2: trung bnh AN: Nng
AC: cao (m) AG3: nng AN1: yu
AC1 2000 AH: Rung AN2: trung bnh
AC2 > 2000 AH1: nh AN3: mnh
AD: Nc AH2: trung bnh AP: ng t
AD1: khng ng k AH3: nng AP1: khng ng k
Nhit xung quanh
AD2: nh git AJ: Cc nh hng AP2: yu

AD3: ti nc trn c hc khc AP3: trung bnh
mt AK: Thc vt v mc AP4: mnh
AD4: nc ht vo AK1: khng ng k AQ: St
AD5: tia nc AK2: c nguy c AQ1: khng ng k
AD6: di nc AL: ng vt AQ2: gin tip
AD7: ngp nc AL1: khng ng k AQ3: trc tip
AD8: dm trong nc AL2: c nguy c AR: Chuyn ng
AE: Vt rn khng kh
AE1: khng ng k AR1: yu
AE2: nh AR2: trung bnh
AE3: rt nh AR3: mnh
AE4: bi t AS :Gi
AE5: bi trung bnh AS1: yu
AE6: bi nhiu AS2: trung bnh
AS3: mnh
BA:Nng lc KV: Thot him BE: Vt liu ct kho

hoc ch bin
B BA1: bnh thng KV: bnh thng
BE1: khng ng k
BA2: tr em KV1: kh
BE2: ho hon
BA3: khuyt tt KV2: ng ngi
37
iu kin s dng
Ph lc 3 : Nhit vn hnh cc i vi cc kiu cch in
Gii hn nhit
Kiu cch in o
C
Polyvinyl-chloride (PVC) 70 dy dn
Li polyethylene (XLPE) v ethylene propylene cao
90 dy dn b
su
Kiu khong cht (c v bc PVC hoc khng v
70 v
tip cn c)
Kiu khong cht (khng c v bc, khng tip cn
105 v b, c
c v khng tip xc vi vt liu d chy)
a Nhit dy dn cc i cho php cho trong bng, l cn c tnh dng
in ti.
b Khi dy dn lm vic nhit qu 70 oC th phi xc nh xem thit b ni
vo c ph hp vi nhit ch u ni khng.
c Vi mt vi loi cch in c bit, c th cho php nhit vn hnh cao
hn tu theo loi cp, u cp, v cc iu kin mi trng chung quanh v cc
nh hng bn ngoi.
Ph lc 4 Tit din ti thiu cc dy dn

Dy dn
Kiu h thng dy dn S dng mch
Vt liu Tit din mm2
38
1,5
Cc mch ng lc v ng
Cp hoc cc 2.5 (xem ghi
thp sng Nhm
dy dn cch ch 1)
Cc
in Cc mch tn hiu v iu 0,5 (xem ghi
trang ng
khin ch 2)
thit b
ng 10
c nh Cc mch ng lc
Nhm 16
Dy dn trn
Cc mch tn hiu v iu
ng 4
khin
Theo tiu
i vi mt thit b c
chun tng
bit
ng
Cc lin h mm bng
i vi tt c cc thit b 0,75 (xem ghi
cc dy dn cch in ng
khc ch 3)
hoc cc cp
Cc mch c in p rt
thp i vi nhng p 0,75
dng c bit
Ghi ch:
1. Cc dy u ni c dng u nhng dy dn nhm phi c th
nghim v c chp nhn cho vic s dng c bit ny.
2. Mt tit din ti thiu l 0,1 mm2 c chp nhn trong nhng mch tn hiu
v iu khin dng cho nhng thit b in t
a) Trong nhng cp mm nhiu si cha by hoc nhiu hn, p dng ghi ch
2.
Ph lc 5 : in p chu xung theo in p nh mc
in p chu ng xung ca thit b

in p nh mc ca cng trnh cch ly
kV
H thng ba pha
Cp qu p III Cp qu p IV
V
220/380 5 8
Ghi ch 1 - V qu in p do st khng phn bit gia h thng c ni t hay

khng.
Ph lc 6 : Cc tit din quy nh ca cc dy dn ni t

Bo v c kh Khng c bo v c kh
16 mm2 ng
C bo v chng r Nh iu 46 i hi
16mm2 st
39
2
Khng c bo v c chng 25 mm ng
r 50mm2 st
Ph lc 7 : Cc gi tr ca k i vi cc dy dn bo v c cch in khng i
lin vi Cp hoc cc dy dn bo v trn tip xc vi cc v cp
Bn cht cch in ca dy dn bo v hoc v cp
PRC
PVC Cao su
EPR
Nhit cui 1600C 2500C 2200C
Vt liu dy dn k
ng 143 176 166
Nhm 95 116 11
Thp 52 64 60
Ghi ch : nhit ban u ca dy dn ga thit bng 300C
Ph lc 8 : Cc gi tr ca k i vi cc dy dn bo v l mt rut trong mt cp
nhiu rut
Vt liu cch in
XLPE
PVC Cao su
EPR
Nhit ban u 700C 900C 850C
Nhit cui 1600C 2500C 2200C
Vt liu dy dn k
ng 115 143 134
Nhm 76 94 89
Ph lc 9 : Cc gi tr ca k i vi cc thanh dn trn khng c ri ro h

hng ti cc vt liu bn cnh bi nhit pht ra.
iu kin
Trong khu vc
iu kin bnh
Vt trng thy v C ri ro chy
thng
liu dy dn dnh ring
ng Nhit cao nht 5000C 2000C 1500C
40
k 228 159 138

Nhm Nh. cao nht 3000C 2000C 1500C
k 125 105 91
0 0
Thp Nh. cao nht 500 C 200 C 1500C
k 82 58 50
Ph lc 10 Tit din ti thiu ca dy dn bo v
Tit din ca dy dn pha ca h

Tit din ti thiu ca dy dn bo v
thng
S (mm2)
S (mm2)
S 16 S
16<S 35 16
S>35 S/2
41

QCVN Qtd-8 2010 BCT Ky Thuat Dien

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QUY CHUN K THUT IN H P QCVN : QT 08:2010/BCT

CC C TNH S DNG CHNH CA H THNG TRANG THIT B

BO V TRANG THIT B IN ............................................................. 9

iu 24. Cc yu cu chung trong bo v chng st p............................ 17

Mc I: CC QUY TC CHUNG .................................................................... 18

Ph lc 4 Tit din ti thiu cc dy dn .................................................. 38

10. Bo v chng tip xc trc tip c ngha l tip xc vi mt b phn mang in

12. Ngun cp in chnh l ngun cp in cho h thng trang thit b in khi lm

13. Ngun cp in d phng l ngun cp in khi mt ngun cp in chnh

14. Ngun cp in s c: Khi c tai nn (chy, n, sp nh, ) mt ngun in

iu 8. Thi cng lp t h thng in v kim tra trc khi i vo vn hnh

Cc u ni gia cc dy dn vi nhau v vi cc thit b khc phi thc hin sao

CC C TNH S DNG CHNH CA H THNG TRANG THIT B IN

1. S phn phi in c xc nh theo

3. Loi s ni t ca h thng phn phi in cn phi ph hp vi tnh trng

iu 12. Bo v chng tip xc trc tip

b) Vt liu cch in bo v phi c bn lu di v chu c cc tc ng v

2. Bo v bng ro chn hoc v bc

4. Bo v bng cch t ra ngoi tm tay vi

5. Bo v b sung bng cc thit b bo v theo dng in d

iu 13. Bo v chng tip xc gin tip

1. Bo v bng cch t ng ct ngun cung cp

3.3 ni no nghi ng tnh hiu qu ca vng lin kt ng th ph, cn phi

4. Bo v bng thit b c cch in kp hoc bng cch in tng ng

Mc II: BO V CHNG TC NG NHIT

iu 15. Bo v chng chy

iu 16. La chn cc bin php bo v chng ho hon theo cc iu kin

3. Vi cc iu kin (KV2) v (KV3) v trong ng thot, cm s dng cc thit b

Mc III. BO V CHNG QU DNG IN

1. Phi hp gia dy dn v thit b bo v chng qu ti

3. Cc trng hp khng t bo v chng qu ti v l do an ton

iu 19. Bo v chng ngn mch

1. Xc nh dng in ngn mch tnh ton

2. V tr t cc bo v chng ngn mch

3. Min tr thit b bo v chng ngn mch

4. Bo v ngn mch cc dy dn song song

c) Vi s dy u song song nhiu hn 2, cc thit b bo v chng ngn mch

5. Cc c tnh ca thit b bo v chng ngn mch

iu 20. Phi hp bo v qu ti v ngn mch

1. Bo v bng cng mt thit b

2. Bo v bng hai thit b ring bit

iu 21. Hn ch qu dng bng cc c tnh ngun cung cp

Mc IV. BO V CHNG NHIU IN P V IN T

iu 22. Quy nh chung

iu 23. Bo v cc thit b h p chng cc qu p tm thi v cc s c

3. H thng ni t trong trm bin p phn phi

iu 24. Cc yu cu chung trong bo v chng st p

Khng cn c thit b bo v st p nu cc h hng cho h thng trang thit b

Chng IV: LA CHN V LP T CC TRANG THIT B IN

iu 25. Yu cu chung i vi trang thit b in

iu 26. Cc iu kin vn hnh v nh hng ngoi lai

Trang thit b phi c la chn sao cho khng gy ra cc hiu ng c hi cho

2. Cc nh hng ngoi lai

iu 27. Kh nng tip cn

iu 28. nh s, nhn dng

3. Nhn dng cc dy trung tnh v dy bo v

iu 31. H thng thanh dn ch to sn

iu 32. La chn v thi cng theo cc nh hng ngoi lai

1. Nhit xung quanh

3. Khi c cc vt th rn,ng thc vt xm nhp

4. Trong mi trng c cc cht n mn hoc gy nhim

iu 33. Kh nng ti dng in

iu 34. Tit din dy dn