5 Viviana investigates the thermal decomposition of zinc carbonate.

She puts 0.47 g of zinc carbonate into a test-tube.

She then heats the zinc carbonate using a blue Bunsen flame. Carbon

dioxide and zinc oxide are made.

Look at the apparatus she uses.

gas syringe

zinc carbonate

heat
 She uses a gas syringe to collect the carbon dioxide made.

Every 30 seconds she measures the total volume of carbon dioxide in the gas syringe.

Look at the graph of Vivianas results.

100

80

total 60
volume
of carbon
dioxide
in cm3 40

20

0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160
time in seconds

(a) (i) How long does it take to make 70 cm3 of carbon dioxide?

..................................................... seconds [1]

(ii) What is the total volume of carbon dioxide made at the end of the reaction?

............................................................ cm3 [1]

(iii) At what time does the reaction stop?

..................................................... seconds [1]

(b) At the end of the experiment Viviana finds out how much zinc oxide she has made.

Look at her table of results.

substance mass in grams

mass of zinc carbonate before heating 0.47

mass of zinc oxide after heating 0.30

mass of carbon dioxide made

 (i) What is the mass of carbon dioxide made?

Put your answer in the table. [1]

(ii) Viviana repeats the experiment.

This time she uses 0.94 g of zinc carbonate instead of 0.47 g.

Predict how much zinc oxide she should make.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

mass of zinc oxide = ............................................... g [1]

[Total: 5]

5 Viviana investigates the thermal decomposition of zinc carbonate.

She puts 0.47 g of zinc carbonate into a test-tube.

She then heats the zinc carbonate using a blue Bunsen flame. Carbon

dioxide and zinc oxide are made.

Look at the apparatus she uses.

gas syringe

zinc carbonate

heat
 She uses a gas syringe to collect the carbon dioxide made.

Every 30 seconds she measures the total volume of carbon dioxide in the gas

syringe. Look at the graph of Vivianas results.

100

80

total 60
volume
of
carbon
dioxide
in cm3 40

20

0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160
time in seconds

(a) (i) How long does it take to make 50 cm3 of carbon dioxide?

..................................................... seconds [1]

(ii) At what time does the reaction stop?

..................................................... seconds [1]

(b) At the end of the experiment Viviana finds out how much zinc oxide she made.

Look at her table of results.

substance mass in grams

mass of zinc carbonate before heating 0.47

mass of zinc oxide after heating 0.30

mass of carbon dioxide made 0.17

(i) How many moles of carbon dioxide, CO2, are made in the experiment?

The relative atomic mass (Ar) of C is 12 and of O is 16.

 ...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

number of moles = .............................................. [2]

(ii) Viviana repeats the experiment.

This time she uses 0.94 g of zinc carbonate instead of 0.47 g.

Predict how much zinc oxide she should make.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

mass of zinc oxide = ............................................... g [1]

[Total: 5]
5 Viviana investigates the thermal decomposition of zinc carbonate.

She puts 0.47 g of zinc carbonate into a test-tube.

She then heats the zinc carbonate using a blue Bunsen flame. Carbon

dioxide and zinc oxide are made.

Look at the apparatus she uses.

gas syringe

zinc carbonate

heat
 She uses a gas syringe to collect the carbon dioxide made.

Every 30 seconds she measures the total volume of carbon dioxide in the gas

syringe. Look at the graph of Vivianas results.

100

80

total 60
volume
of
carbon
dioxide
in cm3 40

20

0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160
time in seconds

(a) (i) How long does it take to make 50 cm3 of carbon dioxide?

..................................................... seconds [1]

(ii) At what time does the reaction stop?

..................................................... seconds [1]

(b) At the end of the experiment Viviana finds out how much zinc oxide she made.

Look at her table of results.

substance mass in grams

mass of zinc carbonate before heating 0.47

mass of zinc oxide after heating 0.30

mass of carbon dioxide made 0.17

(i) How many moles of carbon dioxide, CO2, are made in the experiment?

The relative atomic mass (Ar) of C is 12 and of O is 16.

 ...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

number of moles = .............................................. [2]

(ii) Viviana repeats the experiment.

This time she uses 0.94 g of zinc carbonate instead of 0.47 g.

Predict how much zinc oxide she should make.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

mass of zinc oxide = ............................................... g [1]

[Total: 5]
10 John reacts calcium carbonate with hydrochloric acid.
Carbon dioxide gas is made and collected.
He does the experiment twice.
He uses the same amount of gas gas syringe
each chemical.
In the first experiment the acid is
at 20 C.
In the second experiment the acid
hydrochloric
is at 40 C.
acid
calcium
carbonate

(a) Look at the graph. It shows his results.

100

80

at 40 C
60
volume
at 20 C
of gas
in cm3
40

20

0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
 time in minutes

(i) Both reactions give the same final volume of gas.

What is the final volume of gas?

............................................................ cm3 [1]

(ii) Complete the sentence.

At 2 minutes the reaction at 40 C has made 60 cm3 of gas.

At 2 minutes the reaction at 20 C has made cm3 of gas. [1] (iii)

Which reaction is faster, the one at 20 C or at 40 C?

Use the graph to explain your answer.

.................................................................................................................................... [1] (b)

Suggest why the reaction stops.

............................................................................................................................................ [1] (c)

One way of speeding up a reaction is to increase the temperature.

Write down one other way of speeding up a reaction.

............................................................................................................................................ [1] [Total:

5]

8 Iron reacts very slowly with dilute sulfuric acid.

The reaction makes iron sulfate and hydrogen.

(a) Write down the word equation for this reaction.

............................................................................................................................................ [1]
 (b) Milly wants to make the reaction faster.

She knows that catalysts make reactions faster. She

tries to find a catalyst for this reaction.

Look at the diagram.

It shows the apparatus she uses.

20 40 60 80 100 cm3

gas syringe

50 cm3 dilute sulfuric acid

1.0 g iron and 0.10 g catalyst

She measures the time it takes to collect 100 cm3 of hydrogen in the gas syringe. In

experiments 2 to 5 she uses 0.10 g of catalyst each time.

In experiment 1 no catalyst is used.

Look at the results table.

Experiment name of colour of colour of mass of mass of time to

number catalyst catalyst catalyst catalyst at catalyst left collect
at start of at end of the start at the end 100 cm3 of
reaction reaction of reaction of reaction hydrogen
in grams in grams in seconds

no catalyst
1 130
added
copper
2 pink pink 0.10 0.10 20
powder
copper sulfate
3 blue pink 0.10 0.04 15
powder
calcium
4 white white 0.10 0.10 130
sulfate powder

5 zinc powder silver silver 0.10 0.05 10

(i) Milly did not use a catalyst in experiment 1.

Suggest why.
 ...........................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................... [1] (ii)

In which experiment was the reaction the fastest?

Choose from experiment 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5.

............................. [1] (iii)

Milly thinks that copper powder is a catalyst for this reaction.

Explain how Milly made this conclusion from her results.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................... [2]

[Total: 5]

2 The following apparatus was used to measure the rate of the reaction between zinc and iodine.

to balance

100 cm3 of aqueous iodine,

thin plate of zinc 0.1 mol / dm3 at 25 oC

mixture
stirred by
magnetic
stirrer

The mass of the zinc plate was measured every minute until the reaction was complete.

(a) Write an ionic equation for the redox reaction that occurred between zinc atoms
and iodine molecules.

[2]

(b) Describe how you could show by adding aqueous sodium hydroxide and
aqueous ammonia that a solution contained zinc ions.

result with sodium

hydroxide excess sodium

hydroxide result with

 aqueous ammonia

excess aqueous ammonia [3]

(c) From the results of this experiment two graphs were plotted.

graph 1 graph 2

mass of loss of
plate mass

time time

(i) Which reagent iodine or zinc was in excess? Give a reason for your choice.

[1]
3 3
(ii) Describe how the shape of graph 1 would change if 100cm of 0.05 mol/dm
iodine had been used.

[2]
3
(iii) On graph 2, sketch the shape if the reaction had been carried out using 100 cm of
3
0.1 mol/dm iodine at 35 C instead of at 25 C. [2]
4 Catalysts are often used in industry.

(a) (i) What do you understand by the term catalyst?

[1]

(ii) Which type of metals often act as catalysts?

 [1]

(b) A student measured the volume of hydrogen gas produced when a few large pieces
3
of zinc reacted with hydrochloric acid of concentration 2.0 mol / dm . The hydrochloric
acid was in excess.
The results are given in the table.

time / minutes 0 10 20 30 40 50 60

3
volume of hydrogen / cm 0 27 54 81 100 110 110

(i) Plot a graph of volume of hydrogen against time on the axes below. Label
the axes.

[4]

(ii) Copper ions catalyse the reaction between zinc and hydrochloric acid.
On the axes above, sketch the line you would expect for the catalysed
reaction. Label this line C.

[2]

(iii) Explain why no more hydrogen is given off after 50 minutes.

[1]

(c) What would happen to the speed of the reaction if

 (i) small pieces of zinc were used instead of large pieces,

[1]
3
(ii) the concentration of hydrochloric acid was 1.0 mol / dm ?

[1]

(d) The equation for this reaction is

Zn + 2HCl ZnCl2 +
H2

(i) State the name of the salt formed in this reaction.

[1]

(ii) Describe a test for hydrogen.

test

result

[2]

[Total:

14]