The required volume of closed expansion tanks can be expressed as

Vet = k Vw [ ( v1 / v0 ) - 1 ] / [ ( pa / p0 ) - ( pa / p1 ) ]

Vet = required expansion tank volume (liter)

k = safety factor (approximately 2 is common)

Vw = water volume in the system (liter)

v0 = specific volume of water at initial (cold) temperature (m3/kg)

v1 = specific volume of water at operating (hot) temperature (m3/kg)

pa = atmospheric pressure (bara)

p0 = system initial pressure - cold pressure (bara)

p1 = system operating pressure - hot pressure (bara)