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Geodetic Control Survey by Engr. Broddett B. Abatayo, GE, REA
Geodetic Control Survey by Engr. Broddett B. Abatayo, GE, REA
GEODETIC
CONTROL SURVEY
Lecture 3
ENGR. BRODDETT B. ABATAYO, GE, REA
Lecturer Caraga State University, CEIT
Research Assistant Phil-Lidar 2.B.14 Project
Licensed GE ABATAYO Land Surveying Services
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Brief Background
The plan of the United States to survey the Philippine Islands
began in March 1900 when a United States Coast and Geodetic
Survey (USCGS) officer was sent to Manila with instructions to
prepare a report on the existing cartographic conditions in the
Philippines and to obtain all information necessary for the
execution of geodetic, hydrographic, and topographic surveys in
the country.
Brief Background
From 1901 to 1911, the USCGS established
several triangulation networks all over the
country which had different origins.
Survey Order
DENR-NAMRIA
Project Area
Recommendation: RED
Issued by: NAMRIA Administrator
Submittal of
Execution of Geodetic Geodetic Control Survey
Control Survey Returns
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Data Research and Old Monuments Inventory
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Geographic Position & Plane Coordinates
(GPPC)
Geographic Grid
Coordinates Coordinates
Notification of Survey
Section 7. The following shall be notified in writing before the conduct of
the survey, if applicable:
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Baseline Length
Section 9. The conduct of survey shall start from an established PRS 92
control point and shall end at another PRS 92 control point (check base) for
checking purposes.
Baseline
Baseline Length (cont.)
Primary Geodetic Network (First and Second Order)
1st Order - 50 km
2nd Order - 25 km
AGN 3099
AGN 3097
Designing Network of Controls
Section 10. The inter-visibility of stations
are not necessary in order to have a good
Network Geometry in the GNSS
Geodetic Control
observations. However, in the preparation Network
of the Network Design, it is necessary that
the points selected can be occupied,
located in a stable ground and shall not be
affected by any construction activities in
the near future.
d. Schedules for the field observation shall also be included in the plan.
The field observations shall be timed when the Position Dilution of
Precision (PDOP) is low. A low PDOP value indicates a higher probability
of accuracy.
Reconnaissance
Section 14. Reconnaissance of the area shall be conducted to
determine if there are control points that need to be transferred
from their proposed sites to strengthen weak geometric figures.
During the reconnaissance, the following shall be determined:
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Reconnaissance (cont.)
e. Estimated travel time between stations. The travel time from the field
office to the project site shall also be determined.
f. Actual number of the old control points to be recovered by the survey
team and their corresponding status on the ground.
g. The private property owners from whom to obtain the permission to
enter the premises where the survey stations are proposed to be
established, or if the owners are already known, secure the said
permission.
Geodetic Control Monuments
Section 15. The position of reference points shall be in the form
of a square base frustum illustrated in Annex III.A.1 of DMC
2010-13 and in accordance with the following standards:
a. Dimension of Survey Control Monuments:
Order of Top Cross Bottom Length Above Below
Accuracy Section Cross Section Ground Ground
First 30 x 30 cm 40 x 40 cm 120 cm 20 cm 100 cm
Second 30 x30 cm 40 x 40cm 120 cm 20 cm 100 cm
Third 25 x 25 cm 35 x 35 cm 120 cm 20 cm 100 cm
Fourth 20 x 20 cm 35 x 35 cm 100 cm 20 cm 80 cm
Annex III-A-1
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Geodetic Control Monuments
Geodetic Control Monuments
b. Concrete monuments shall be fabricated w/ reinforced steel bar:
10 mm in diameter for vertical bars.
8 mm in diameter for ties.
and satisfying the requirements of class A concrete specifications in
the ratio of 1:2:4 or translated into a concrete mixture such as:
1 cubic meter of cement
2 cubic meters of sand
4 cubic meters of gravel
Sand and gravel must be clean, free from dust or mud or other
organic matter.
Markings of Reference Monuments
Section 16. They shall be marked on top with engraved letters and
shall consist of five (5) parts namely:
a. Provincial Code
b. Control Point Number
c. Year Established
d. Order of Accuracy
e. office or entity that established the Reference Monument.
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Markings of Reference Monuments (cont.)
AGN 3099
AGN 3097
Markings of Reference Monuments (cont.)
d. The nature of soil shall be observed so that the required depth below
the ground and the length exposed above the ground can be determined.
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Instrument Preparation Prior to Fieldwork
Section 21. Before going out in the field, the
following should be checked/done:
d. All receivers shall be set at the same coordinate system (UTM, Zone 51
North, WGS84).
Procedural Conditions (cont.)
e. The Maximum PDOP shall be 7 and
shall preferably less than 5 particularly
for shorter observation such as Rapid
Static.
Antenna height
Prescribed Activities (cont.)
1. The antenna shall be centered to the station to
the nearest millimeter. Antenna shall be oriented
to the North. All antennae shall be oriented in the
same direction, as this helps eliminate any
systematic errors in antenna center location.
Antenna are usually marked with an arrow on the
ground plane to aid orientation.
Prescribed Activities (cont.)
2) The observer shall indicate where the
antenna heights measurements were
taken. (Bottom or Top of notch, Hook
using tape, etc.)
g. The guide to baseline length based on the Network Design and the
observation time shall be followed by the observer. Some of the baselines
shall be observed more than once to increase the level of redundancy.
Annex XX
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Observation Time and Number of Session
Section 24. A minimum of 4 satellites shall be observed with the ff. duration:
a. The ff. shall be the observation time and no. of session for Static Mode:
Baseline Minimum Interval
Types of No. of
Length Observation Between
Receivers Session
(kms) Time Session
Single 0-5 1 hr At least
2
Frequency 5-10 2 hrs 30 mins
10-20 1.5 hrs
Dual 20-30 2 hrs At least
2
Frequency 30-50 3 hrs 30 mins
50-150 4 hrs
Observation Time and Number of Session (cont.)
b. The ff. shall be the min. session length for the Rapid/Fast Static Mode:
Minimum Recommended
To Achieve Observations Observations
1st Order 3 4 or more
2nd Order 2 3 or more
3rd Order 2 2
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Independent Observations
Section 26. In conducting independent observations, the following shall
be noted:
a. Each point shall have a minimum of two independent observations
to ensure true redundancy.
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Observation during and after Session
Section 27.The following shall be observed during and after the GNSS
session in order to prevent loss of data, low data quality, and other
blunders which will necessitate field re-observations:
a. During the recording session, the observer shall take note of the
Geometric Dilution of Precision (GDOP) which indicates the
geometrical strength of a four or more satellite constellation as it
applies to instantaneous point position fixing.
The lower the number of the GDOP, the better the geometry for
achieving an accurate point position.
PDOP
PDOP means the Position Dilution of Precision
The brand, model, serial number of GPS receiver and antennae used
should be indicated.
Required Certifications and other Legal Documents
6. Notification Letter
7. Field Inspection Report
8. Geodetic Engineers Certificate signed by the Chief of Survey Party,
marked with dry seal and duly notarized.
9. Certificate of Instrument Registration (CIR)
References and other Technical Documents
a. Preliminary Evaluation
b. Technical Evaluation
Verification
PRELIMINARY EVALUATION or initial examination shall be conducted to
determine if the survey returns are complete as per List of Transmittal:
2. Field checking shall be conducted to cross check the survey work using
independent measurements in the following manner:
a) There shall be two (2) old established GPS stations within the area
to be selected as the starting point for survey evaluation work.
The observer shall see to it that there are no new structures built near
the old GPS station that shall obstruct the satellite signals during
observations. Otherwise, different established GPS station shall need
to be occupied for the purpose.
Verification
TECHNICAL EVALUATION shall be conducted in order to determine
accuracy, analyze error in observation, and detect mistakes.
b) Likewise, there shall be one or two (2) stations to be selected
among the set of newly observed GPS stations subject of
validation. The horizon adequate clearance shall also be the major
consideration in the selection of points to be occupied and be included
in the validation process.
c) The old and the new GPS stations shall be connected, making a
triangular or rectangular closed polygon.
Verification
TECHNICAL EVALUATION shall be conducted in order to determine
accuracy, analyze error in observation, and detect mistakes.
d) The GPS observation shall be conducted in accordance with
Section 25 of this Manual with minimum two (2) sessions per
station.
e) The GPS Field Sheet as shown in Annex XX of this Manual shall
be used in every session and the GPS observation shall follows the
procedures as stated in Section 23 of this Manual.
f) The GPS data shall be downloaded to a computer for processing
following the provisions as stated in b.1. of this Section.
Verification
TECHNICAL EVALUATION shall be conducted in order to determine
accuracy, analyze error in observation, and detect mistakes.
3. From the adjusted coordinates, determine the strength of figure of the
polygon and compute the accuracy. The relative error of closure shall
be in accordance with Section 28 of DAO 2007-29. The plotting of the
acceptable points in the Geodetic Network Control Map shall be check
for accuracy.
DAO 2007-29 Section 28. Control Surveys - For the purpose of this
Regulation and consistent with the adoption of new survey technologies,
the Control Survey Accuracy shall be as follows:
a. Geodetic Control
Relative
Accuracy Linear Error Nominal Vertical Accuracy
Error Space
First 1 cm per 4.80 mm multiplied by the
1/100,000 50 km
Order km square root of the Distance
Second 2 cm per 8.40 mm. multiplied by the
1/50,000 25 km
Order km square root of the Distance
Third 5 cm per 12.0 mm. multiplied by the
1/20,000
Order km square roots of the Distance
Fourth 10 cm per
1/10,000
Order km
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Inspection
Section 187. The completeness of the documents included in the survey
returns initially inspected in Section 186.a of this Manual shall be checked.
The details of the following shall be evaluated: