Professional Documents
Culture Documents
com
1
www.BANGLAKITAB.com
Avwg cig Kibvgq `qvkxj Avjvn cvK Gi bvg i KiwQ|
egvi mjvZ I mvjvg Avjvn cvK Gi nvexe mvBwq`yj gyimvjxb, Bgvgyj gyimvjxb, LvZvgyb
bvwewqb, kvdxDj gyh&wbexb, ingvZzwjj Avjvgxb, b~i gyRvm&mvg Ryi cvK mjvjv AvjvBwn Iqv
mvjvgi wL`gZ, whwb Bikv` Kib,
A_t Zvgv`i ga mevg ew mB whwb KziAvb kixd Gi Zvjxg Mnb
Kib Ges KziAvb kixd Gi Zvjxg `b| (eyLvix kixd, wgkKvZ kixd)
gyjZt KziAvb kixd gnvb Avjvn cvK Gi Kvjvg| gnvb Avjvn cvK Gi hic ghv`v-gZev, Zvi
Kvjvg KziAvb kixd GiI iqQ ghv`v, gvnvZ I dhxjZ|
Qnxn& fve ZvRfx` Abyhvqx KziAvb kixd wZjvIqvZ ev cvV Kivi ga Akl dRxjZ I
eiKZ iqQ, Aciw`K KziAvb kixd Gi GKwU nidI hw` A ev ZvRfx`i wLjvd ev
wecixZ cvV Kiv nq Ze QIqvei cwieZ bvn& GgbwK wekl Kzdix ch cQvi
mvebvI iqQ|
ZvRfx`i mv_ KziAvb kixd wZjvIqvZ Kivi Kzg ^qs Avjvn cvK AbK AvqvZB KiQb|
hgb- gnvb Avjvn cvK m~iv gyh&hvwj-Gi 4 bs AvqvZ kixd ejb-
A_t KziAvb kixdK ZviZxji mwnZ I c_K c_Kfve Ki cvV
Kib|
2
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G cmsM gnvb Avjvn cvK m~iv ebx BmvBj Gi 106 bs AvqvZ kixd Aviv ejb-
A_t Avwg KziAvb kixdK hwZ wPmn c_K c_Kfve wZjvIqvZ Kivi
DchvMx KiwQ hvZ Avcwb GK jvK`i wbKU axi axi cvV Kib Ges
Avwg GK h_vh_fve bvwhj KiwQ|
A_t nhiZ hvBdv ivwqvjv ZvAvjv Avb nZ ewYZ, mvBwq`yj
gyimvjxb, Bgvgyj gyimvjxb, Ryi cvK mjvjv AvjvBwn Iqv mvjvg ejb,
Zvgiv Aviex jvnvb I AvIqvR KziAvb kixd cvV Ki|(wgkKvZ kixd)
ZvRfx` Abyhvqx ZviZxji mv_ KziAvb kixd wZjvIqvZ Kiv diR| ZvB ZvRfx` wkv Kiv
cZKi RbB diR I IqvwRe|
nv`xm kixd Bikv` nqQ-
A_t Ggb AbK KziAvb kixd cvVKvix AvQ hv`i Dci jvbZ elY Ki,
A_vr ZvRfx` Abyhvqx mnxn&-fve KziAvb kixd wZjvIqvZ bv Kivi
KviY Zv`i Dci jvbZ ewlZ nq|
3
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GQvovI A KziAvb kixd wZjvIqvZ bvgvR evwZj nIqvi AbZg KviYI eU| A_P bvgvR
ev`vi Bev`vZmg~ni ga GKwU iZc~Y Bev`vZ| h bvgvR mK gnvb Avjvn cvK Kvjvg
cvK Bikv` Kib-
A_t H mKj gywgbivB mdjZv jvf KiQ, hviv Ly-Lyhyi mv_ bvgvR
Av`vq KiQ |
Avi G cmsM nv`xm kixd Bikv` nqQ- mvBwq`yj gyimvjxb, Bgvgyj gyimvjxb, Ryi cvK
mjvjv AvjvBwn Iqv mvjvg ejb,
( ) -
A_tbvgvR xbi LuywU, h ew bvgvR Kvwqg Kijv, m ew xb Kvwqg
ivLjv| Avi h ew bvgvR ZiK Kijv m ew xb asm Kijv|
myZivs G bvgvRK hw` mnxn& fve Av`vq KiZ nq, Ze AekB Ki wKiAvZ cvV
KiZ ne| A_vr ZvRfx` Abyhvqx mnxn&-fve KziAvb kixd wZjvIqvZ KiZ ne|
KziAvb kixd wZjvIqvZ Kivi ga iqQ AmsL dvq`v I dwhjZ| h hZ ekx KziAvb kixd
wZjvIqvZ Kie m ZZ ekx dvq`v cve| gnvb Avjvn cvK Gi iRvg`x nvwmj KiZ cvie|
GUvB me gyL Dk nIqv PvB| G cmsM Avjvn cvK Bikv` Kib-
A_t Avjvn cvK-Gi mwB mePq eo|(m~iv ZvIevn/72)
Avjvn cvK Aviv Bikv` Kib-
A_t hw` Zviv gywgb nq _vK, Ze Zv`i `vwqZ I KZe njv, Zviv hb
Avjvn cvK I Zvi nvexe,mvBwq`yj gyimvjxb, Bgvgyj gyimvjxb, Ryi cvK
mjvjv AvjvBwn Iqv mvjvgK m Ki|Kbbv ZvivB mw cvIqvi
mgwaK nK`vi|(m~iv ZvIevn/62)
gnvb Avjvn cvK Avgv`i mKjK ZvRfx` I ZviZxji mv_, mnxn& I fve cwe KziAvb
kixd wZjvIqvZ Kivi ZvIdxK `vb Kib| (Avgxb)
4
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Rxg
Qv Zv ev Avwjd
i hvj
` vj
L nv
`` m` kxb
mxb
hv
dv MCb
AvCb
R Z
b~b
gxg jvg
Kvd
Kd
Bqv nvghvn nv IqvI
5
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6
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gvLivR wkvt()
gvLivR t
nid DPviYi vbK gvLivR ej| Aviex nidi gvLivR 17 wU t
msw gvLivRt
nidi aiY msLv nid mg~n
nid nvjKx (
) 6wU
nid kvdfx (
) 4wU
nid IqvmZx (
) 18wU
gyLi Lvwj RvqMv nZ g`i g`i
nidi AvIqvR cov nq
) nid 3wU
(
bvKi evuwk nBZ bvn (
)
-
-
DPvwiZ nq Ges AvIqvR GK
Avwjd cwigvb j^v Ki coZ
nq|
gvLivRi cqvRbxqZvt
Bjg ZvRfx`& I gvLivR Rvbv bv _vKj wekl Kzdix nq hZ cvi Ges bvgvR
dvm` nZ cvi|hgbt
, mg cksmv Avjvn&i Rb| , mg wQov Kvco Avjvn&i Rb| (bvDhywejvn)
, ejyb, wZwb Avjvn& GKK| , GKK Avjvn& K LvI| (bvDhywejvn)
, mvwbZ| , AcgvwbZ|
, Avjvn Qvov Kvb Bjvn bvB| ,AekB Avjvn eZxZ Bjvn AvQ| (bvDhywejvn)
7
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8
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ZvRfx`
we Ki KziAvb coZ hme wbqg `iKvi nq m mg wbqg KvbybK ZvRfx` ejv nq|
KziAvb kixd wefve covi Rb hme welq `iKvi nq t
id cwiPq, niKZ, Zvbfxb, mvwKb, Zvk`x` BZvw` wkL wbqwgZ Abykxjb KiZ nq|
nidt Aviex fvlv wjLZ coZ hme wP eenvi nq mmg wPK id ejv nq|
id A_ Ai mg~n, id eePb, GKePb nvi&d, Aviex nid 29 wU|
PoB cvwLi kK Qdxi ej| h nid DPviY Kivi mgq PoB cvwLi ki bvq
AvIqvR nq ZvK nid Qwdivn ej| id Qwdivn&i DPviY Zx Avi kxl `qvi gZ
k nq| hgbt
10
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gyivve
gyivve A_ wgjvbv, wgkvbv, jvMvbv, mshy Kiv | Wvbi nidK evgi nidi mv_
wgjvbvK gyivve ej|
Aviex nidmg~n 22 wU nid gyivve nq| Gi mv_ 22 wU nidi gyivve Gi
D`vniY-
11
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msv:
h mKj wPni mvnvh Aviex fvlvq eeZ eYmg~n DPvwiZ nq Zv`i awY wPn (^iwPn)
ev niKZ ej|
GK hei, GK hi, GK ck K niKZ ej|
ck I hei me`v Aviex eYi Dci Ges hi me`v eYi bxP eeZ nq|
niKZi Abykxjb
hei wewk nidi Abykxjbt
(Avwjd hei - Av, ev hei - ev, Zv hei - Zv,......................)
12
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hi wewk ki Abykxjbt
(ev hi - we, kxb hi - kx, iv hi - wi = wewkwi,
.........)
ck wewk ki Abykxjbt
(jvg ck- jy, Z. ck-Zz, dv ck- dz = jyZzdz,
.............)
13
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msv:
`yB hei, `yB hi, `yB ck K Zvbfxb ej| Zvbfxb Gi wfZi b~b& mvwKb ( )jywKq
iq| ( =
)
14
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Zvbfxbi Abykxjb t
`yB hei wewk nidi Abykxjbt
(Avwjd `yB hei- Avb&, ev `yB hei- evb&, Zv `yB hei- Zvb&,............)
`yB hi wewk nidi Abykxjbt
(Avwjd `yB(hi- Bb&, ev `yB hi- web&, Zv `yB hi- wZb&,............)
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16
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cwiPq t
|) GB cZxK K hhg ej| hhg me`v nidi Dci eenZ nq (
hhgi KvR t
hhg Iqvjv nid Wvbi niKZi mv_ wgwjq GKevi coZ nq| hhg evsjv nmi gZ
|KvR Ki
17
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KjKjvn
KjKjvi wbqg t
KjKjvi cvuPwU nidi KvbwUZ mvwKb ev IqvK&d nj cwZawbi mw Ki avv w`q
coZ nq| mB AvIqvRi mv_ mv_B KjKjvi nid wKwr hei w`Z nq| IqvKd
Aevq KjKjvn AwaK cwigvY Kiv DwPZ|
- D
- B
- Av
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Zvk`x`i cwiPq t
( ) GB wPnK Zvk`x` ejv nq| Zvk`x`i ga GKwU mvwKb jywKq iq|
Zvk`x`i KvR t
Zvk`x`Iqvjv nid `yevi coZ nq| c_gevi Wvbi niKZi mv_ (mvwKbi gZ)
wZxqevi wbR niKZi mv_| hgbt
+ =
Zvk`x`i Avbykxjb t
(Avwjdev hei = Ave& ,ev hei- ev = Ave&ev, Avwjdev hei = Ave& , ev hi- we =
Ave&we, Avwjdev hei = Ave& , ev ck- ey = Ave&ey ,..........)
20
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bvn ()
ki A_ -bvKvIqvR| me aiYi
K GK Avwjd UvbZ nq|
KziAvb kixd wZb cKvii bvn AvQ|
1. IqvwRe bvn,
2. b~b& mvwKb I Zvbfxbi bvn,
3. gxg& mvwKbi bvn|
1.IqvwRe bvn:
IqvwRe bvn&i `yB nid - -
Ges Gi Dci Zvk`x`& _vKj Ges Dnvi AvMi nid hi, hei, ck _vKj )
(
G `ywU nidK AekB bvn Ki coZ ne| GK IqvwRe bvn ej|hgbt
( Avwjd-gxg hei Avg&, gxg& hei gv = Avg&gv; .......)
IqvwRe bvn& wewk ki Abykxjbt
( Avwjd-gxg hei Avg&, gxg&-byb& hei gvb& = Avg&gvb&;
.......)
21
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wevwiZ `Lybt gxg mvwKb Gi wbqgmg~n|
gv`& ()
msv:
gv`& A_ j^v ev `xN Kiv|
Kvb nidK `xNvwqZ Ki ev Ub covK gv`& ej|
gv`i nid 3 wU t
()
1. Lvwj, Wvb hei| ( )
2. mvwKb , Wvb ck| ( )
3. mvwKb, Wvb hi| (
)
hgbt
-
- -
gv`i mvnvhKvix 3 wU
Lvov hei ( ), Lvov hi ( ), Dv ck ( )
22
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gv`i cKvif` t
gv`& gvU 10 cKvi
G`iK 3 wU kYxZ fvM Kiv hvq t hgb t
1. GK Avwjd gv`& ( -
-
)
2.wZb Avwjd gv`& (
-
)
3.Pvi Avwjd gv`& (
-
)
GK Avwjd gv`&
K. gv` Zvevqx:(
)
Lvwj, Wvb hei ( ;) mvwKb, Wvb ck ( ;) mvwKb, Wvb hi (
) -
nj gv` Zvevqx ev gv` AvQjx ej|
GK 1 Avwjd Ub coZ nq|
23
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Avwjd hvwq`vn&t
covi mgq coZ nqbv wjLvi mgq wjLZ nq, AwZwi mB AvwjdK Avwjd hvwq`vn&
ejv nq|
Avwjd hvwq`vn& Pbvi Rb Dci Mvj wPn iq|
ki AvwjdUvKI Avwjd hvwq`vn& ejv nq| GRb k Uvbv gvbv| covi wbqg
t
- - - GB k mg~n evZxZ evwK me Uvbv gvbv|
L. gv` e`j:(
)
nvgRvi mv_ g` nj nj ZvK gv` e`j ej|
gv` AvQjx hw` KLbI nvgRvn&i mv_ nq, Zvi bvg gv` e`j| cKvk _vK h - nvgRvq
Lvov hei, Lvov hi, Dv ck nj gv` e`j nq|
GK 1 Avwjd Ub coZ nq|
M. gv` jxb&: ( )
nid jxb 2 wU| h_vt mvwKb, Wvb hei (
;) mvwKb, Wvb hei ( |)jxbi
nidi ci IqvK&di nvjZ mvwKb (AviRx mvwKb; gb gb aiv mvwKb) nj ZvK gv`
jxb ej|
GK 1 Avwjd Ub cov nq| ( 2 Avwjd, 3 Avwjd Ub cov hvq| 3 Avwjd Ub cov
Dg|)
gv` jxb wewk ki D`vniYt
o o o o
o
24
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gv` AviRx: (
)
gi nidi ci IqvK&di nvjZ mvwKb (AviRx mvwKb; gb gb aiv mvwKb) nj ZvK
gv` AviRx ej|
GK 3 Avwjd Ub coZ nq| 1-3 Avwjd Ub cov Rvwqh|
gv` gybdvwmj: (
)
gv`i nidi ci wfb ki c_g Avmj ZvK gv` gybdvwmj ej|
gv`i evg j^v nvgRvn& ( ) - Ab ki c_g _vKj Zv gv` gybdvwmj nq|
1-4 Avwjd Ub cov Rvwqh| 4 Avwjd Ub cov Dg|
25
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gv` jvhg: (
)
gv`i nidi ci jvhgx mvwKb (h mvwKb IqvK&d wKsev wgjvbv mevevq envj _vK)
Avmj ZvK gv` jvhg ej|
26
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byb& mvwKb (
) I Zvbfxb ( ) K Pvi fvM fvM Kiv nqQ t
1. BKjve ( ) 2. Bhnvi (
) 3.B`Mvg ( )4.BL&dv (
)
1. BKjve ( )
BKjve A_ cwieZb Ki cov| BKjvei nid 1 wU t | b~b mvwKb I Zvbfxbi ci
Avmj D b~b mvwKb I ZvbfxbK viv cwieZb Ki (bvn mnKvi) coZ nq|
2. Bhnvi (
)
Bhnvi A_ Ki cov|
Bhnvii nid 6 wU t
b~b mvwKb I Zvbfxbi ci Bhnvii nid Avmj D b~b mvwKb I ZvbfxbK Ki
coZ nq|
3.B`Mvg ( )
B`Mvg A_ (Zvk`x` ai) wgwjq cov|
B`Mvgi nid 6 wU t ( msct
)
27
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b~b mvwKb I Zvbfxbi ci B`Mvgi Kvb GKwU nid Avmj H b~b mvwKb I ZvbfxbK
cieZx ki c_g nidi mv_ (Zvk`x`& mn) wgwjq coZ nq|
wet `t
b~b mvwKbi ci B`Mvg ev-bvni nid GKB ki ga GKwZ nj BMvg Kiv hvqbv|
hgbt
)
b~b mvwKb I Zvbfxbi ci Avmj b~b mvwKb I ZvbfxbK bvn& Qvov Zvk`x`
ai coZ nq|
4.BL&dv (
)t
BLdv A_ Mvcb Kiv,A Kiv|
BLdvi nid 15 wU t
-
28
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b~b mvwKb I Zvbfxbi ci BL&dvi Kvb GKwU nid Avmj D b~b mvwKb ev ZvbfxbK
bvi mv_ A Ki coZ nq|
1.B`Mvg t
gxg mvwKbi gxg Avmj ( ), evgi gxg Zvk`x`& ai ( B`Mvg ) bvn Ki coZ
ne|
2.BLdv t
gxg mvwKbi evg ev Avmj ( - ) bvni mv_ BLdv Ki coZ nq|
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3.Bhnvi t
gxg mvwKbi ci I Qvov Ab nid Avmj Ki coZ nq|
** gxg mvwKbi ci I Avmj AekB Bhnvi KiZ ne|
k covi wbqg
ki Wvb hi nj Avjvn ki K evwiK Ki coZ nq|
hgb:
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3. mvwKb Wvb hi Ges Gici nid gvvwjqv ( )nj K cyi Ki coZ nq|
5. AviRx mvwKb, Wvb hw` Qvov Ab Kvb Ai mvwKb nq, Ges Zvi Wvb hei ev ck nq Ze Ai mB
mgq cyi Ki coZ nq|
o
o
31
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3. AviRx mvwKb, Wvb mvwKb nq Zvi Wvb hw` hi nq, K evwiK Ki coZ nq|
IqvKdi weeiY
AvjvgZ IqvK&dt
IqvKdi Mvj& wPnK ( - o ) `vqiv ej| Bnv IqvKd Zvg, `g bv dj Avi cov
hve bv|
- IqvKd iKz, `g bv dj Avi cov hve bv|
- IqvKd jvhg,`vqivi Dci _ vKj Ges ay _ vKj IqvKd KiZB ne| `g bv
dj Avi wKQzZB cov hve bv|
- IqvKd gyZjvK, `g bv dj Avi cov fvj bv|
-IqvKd RvwqR| `g djvbv Pje, co hvIqvI Pje|
-IqvKd gyRvIqvh, `g bv dj co hvIqv Dg|
wZb + wZb = Qq dvuUv - IqvKd gyqvbvKvn& | `yB RvqMvi GK RvqMvq _vgZ nq|
-IqvKd gyivL&LvQ| `g bv dj co hvIqvB Dg|
32
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IqvKdi weeiYt
AviRx mvwKb, gb gb aiv mvwKbK AviRx mvwKb ej| hLvb mvwKb wQjbv, mLvb
`g djj `g djvi mgq AviRx mvwKb ne|
hei, hi, ck Ges `yB hi, `yB ck ZvKj `g djvi mgq mLvb AviRx mvwKb ne|
o o o
o
o
o
o
o o
o o
Mvj Zv - IqvKdi mgq nv mvwKb ( ) coZ nq|IqvKd bv Ki wgwjq coj Zv coZ nq|
o
o
o o
nv - G hgxi
33
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gv GIqvRt
`yB hei `g djj GK hei ev` w`q GK Avwjd UvbZ nq| GKB gv GIqvR ej|
o o
o
gv jxb
nid jxbi evg hw` AviRx mvwKb nq hvq, 2-3 Avwjd gv jxb nq hvq| nid jxb
2 wU| h_vt mvwKb, Wvb hei ( ;) mvwKb, Wvb hei ( |)
o
o
o
gv AviRx
gvi evg hw` AviRx mvwKb nq, 3 Avwjd gv AviRx nq hvq|
o
o
o
o
gv AvQjx
gv AvQjxZ `g djj 1 Avwjd UvbZ nq|
o
o
o
o
o
AviRx mvwKb nIqvi KviY hw` gvi nid nq hvq, `g djvi mgq 1 Avwjd UvbZ
nq|
o
o
o
o
hei A_ev hii evg hw` Lvwj cvIqv hvq, `g djvi mgq 1 Avwjd UvbZ nq|
o
o
o
o
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cki evg hw` Lvwj cvIqv hvq, `g djvi mgq 1 Avwjd UvbZ nq|
o o
o
o
`g dwjevi mgq hw` Avwjd hvwq`vn& cvIqv hvq, Avwjd hvwq`vn& Z 1 Avwjd UvbZ
nq| wK m~iv `vnii wZxq Z `g djj UvbZ nqbv|
o o o
o
`g djvi mgq hw` Zvk`x` Ai cvIqv hvq, `ywU Ai DPviYi mgq jvMvZ nq|
o
o
o
o
`g djvi mgq hw` mvwKb Ai cvIqv hvq, mvwKb Ai hgb AvQ Zgb Ki coZ
nq|
o o
o
o
mvK&Zvn&
35
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b~b KzZbx
Zvbfxbi byb& mvwKbi evg Zvk`x` A_ev hhg nj Zvbfxbi wfZi jyKvwqZ b~b hi
w`q cii mvwKb coZ nq| GK b~b KzZbx ej| b~b KzZbx `g djj coZ nqbv|
hgb t
=
+
=
+
=
+
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