Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Design of Industrial Truss PDF
Design of Industrial Truss PDF
U3
Ridge
Roofing Sagrod
U2 U4
24 U1 U5
L0 L1 L3 L4 L5 L6
L2
6@20 = 120
Design Truss
2@30
= 60
Column
Building Plan
Total Span of the Truss = 6@20 = 120 , Total Height of the Truss = 24 , Spacing = 30
Pitch Angle = tan 1(24/60) = 21.80
Dead Loads: Roofing = 2 psf, Purlins = 1.5 psf, Sagrods + Bracings = 1 psf
Basic Wind Speed V = 120 mph
Material Properties: f c = 3 ksi, fy = 40 ksi
1. Design of Purlins and Sagrods
Purlin length = Spacing of truss = 30
Dead Load:
GI Sheet roofing = 2.0 psf, Self weight of Purlins = 1.5 psf Total Load = 3.5 psf
Purlin Spacing Sp = Length of Top Cord U1U2 = {202 + (24/3)2} = 21.54
UDL on purlins, wDL = 3.5 Sp = 75.39 lb/ft
wDLx = wDL sin = 28 lb/ft, wDLy = wDL cos = 70 lb/ft
Wind Load:
Basic wind speed, V = 120 mph
Basic wind pressure, q = 0.00256 V2 = 0.00256 1202 = 36.86 psf
Wind pressure for windward surface, p = 0.7q, for 0 20
p = (0.07 2.1)q, for 20 30
p = (0.03 0.9)q, for 30 60
p = 0.9q, for 60 90 .(1.1(a)~(d))
Wind pressure for leeward surface, p = 0.7q, for any value of ....(1.2)
Here, pitch angle = tan 1(24/60) = 21.80 ; i.e., 20 30
Wind pressure for windward surface, pWW = (0.0721.80 2.1)36.86 = 21.16 psf
Wind pressure for leeward surface, pLW = 0.736.86 = 25.80 psf
UDL on windward surface, wWW = 21.16 Sp = 455.72 lb/ft
UDL on leeward surface, wLW = 25.80 Sp = 555.85 lb/ft
y y y
wWW = 455.72 lb/ft wLW = 555.85 lb/ft
21.80
wDLx = 28 lb/ft
x x x
wDL
wDLy = 70 lb/ft
3.91k
3.91k 3.91k
U3
3.91 k
U2 L0
U1
L1
U2
L2
U3
L3
U4
L4
U5
L5 L6
3.91k
U4
2.45k U1 2.45k
U5
L0 L6
L1 L2 L3 L4 L5
1.00k 1.00k 1.00k 1.00k 1.00k
19.83 19.83
10.82
26.44 26.44
3.46 7.86 7.86 3.46
33.05 1.00 6.61 6.61 1.00 33.05
14.73 14.73
6.84k 8.34k
16.68k
Wind 13.67k
13.67k 16.68k
6.84k 8.34k
63.27 62.66
Wind
32.68 80.17
77.61
7.36 23.57 28.74 8.98
91.96 19.82 24.17 0 97.68
0
3.34
79.51 79.51 61.10 65.15 87.59 87.59
40.50 44.02
44.02 40.50
For the material properties used for design; i.e., E = 29000 ksi, f y = 40 ksi
all(t) = 0.5 fy = 20 ksi, c = (2E/f y) = 119.63, = / c= /119.63
If 1, all(c) = 40 [1 0.5 2]/[5/3 + 3 /8 3
/8]
2 2
If 1, all(c) = 149000/ = 10.4/ (3.3(a)~3.3(d))
Rather than designing for all the members individually, only one section will be chosen for all
the bottom cord members, one section for all the top cord members and one section for all the
other (vertical and diagonal; i.e., web) members.
Since the design truss has a long span, design sections will be chosen from double angle sections
rather than single angle sections, which are chosen for smaller trusses.
Design of Bottom Cord Members:
For the bottom cord members (L0L1~ L5L6), the maximum tensile force = 30.69 kips and the
maximum compressive force = 60.24 kips. Since all the bottom cord members are of equal
length (i.e., if effective length factor k is taken = 1, then Le = 20 ft = 240 inch), the maximum
forces are taken as the design forces.
Although the design compressive force is much larger and is likely to be governing condition in
this case, the sections are designed for both tension and compression for completeness of design.
5/8
5
4
3/4
5 5 4 4
5/8
4 4
Web Members
4. Design of Bracings and Connections
The truss members designed in the previous section are supported against out-of-plane loads by
several bracings, joined to each other by welded plate connections and connected to column or
wall supports. This section discusses the design of these so-called non-structural members.
Design of Bracings:
The bracings connect joints of two successive trusses in order to provide structural support
against out-of-plane loadings. The bracing system used for the truss illustrated here is shown
below, consisting of three types of bracings; i.e.,
(i) Bottom cord bracings connect the corresponding bottom joints (e.g., L0 with L0)
(ii) Top cord bracings connect the bottom joints (e.g., L0) with top joints (e.g., U2) diagonally
(iii) Vertical bracings connect the bottom joints (e.g., L3) with top joints (e.g., U3) vertically
Since the structural analysis of the bracing system is complicated, the design follows simplified
guidelines, according to which the slenderness ratio (Le/rmin) 400 for bracings under tension
and 300 for bracings under compression. In the absence of accurate calculations, the more
conservative second criterion (i.e., rmin Le/300) is chosen for design here.
The design (using single equal angles) is best carried out in a tabular form as shown below.
The gusset plate should be designed to resist the maximum possible design load condition. In this
case, however, the thickness of the plate is approximately estimated based on the maximum axial
force 64.63 kips. If allowable tensile stress = 0.5 fy = 0.5 40 = 20 ksi, and plate thickness =
0.25 , then the maximum required width of the plate = 64.63/(20 0.25) 13 . This should not be
too large, based on the weld-lengths calculated subsequently.
Thickness of gusset plate is chosen tentatively as = 0.25 and thickness of weld t = 0.25
1/4 8.5
L0L1 (5 5 5/8 )
1/4 10
1/4 20
Joint L0
1/4 14
U3U4 (4 4 3/4 )
U2U3 (4 4 3/4 )
1/4 3.25
U3L3 (4 4 5/8 )
Joint U3
5. Design of Anchorage and Support
The truss is supported by reinforced concrete columns and footings, their reactions having been
calculated earlier for point dead load and wind loads. The connections between the truss and
support are designed in this section for the combined design loads.
Combination of Support Reactions from Dead Load and Wind Load:
The calculation for the design support reactions is carried out in the following tabular form.
Assuming the base plate area = Ap and bearing pressure = 0.35 fc = 1.05 ksi
1.05Ap = 14.73 Ap = 14.73/1.05 Ap = 14.03 in2
Provide 7 14 base plate (since the bottom cord members are 5 + 5 wide)
Since the free portion of the base plate is nominal, a thickness of 0.5 is more than adequate.
The base plate is supported on a 10 20 concrete pedestal and connected to the column by four
reinforcements to resist the entire tensile and shear force.
Allowable tensile stress = 0.5 fy = 20 ksi and allowable shear stress = 0.3 fy = 12 ksi
Required area (based on tensile force) = 29.29/(4 20) = 0.366 in2
Required area (based on shear force) = 3.34/(4 12) = 0.07 in2
Provide 4 #6 (i.e., 3/4 diameter) anchor bolts (Area = 0.44 in2 each).
The base plate will be connected to the gusset plate by the section similar to the bottom cord
(i.e., a 5 5 5/8 double angle section), also with 3/4 diameter bolts to transfer the maximum
support reaction (= 29.29 kips) by shear.
Required area = 29.29/12 = 2.44 in2, i.e., provide 3-3/4 diameter bolts in double shear.
Hinge Support L0
L0U1 (4 4 3/4 )
L0L1 (5 5 5/8 )
3/4 Bolts
7 14 Base Plate (0.5 thick)
8 6 Anchorage
Concrete Pedestal
Masonry Column
Roller Support L6
L6U5 (4 4 3/4 )
L5L6 (5 5 5/8 )
6 Roller