M u

1. Thi gian: 30 t 45 t
2. Chun b:
Mn Ngn mch (h thng n v tng i;
qui tc ng tr T.T.T )
C bi tp ti lp
3. Sch tham kho:
n nh HT _ Trn Bch
n nh HT _ ng Ngc Dinh
iu khin n nh HT_L Vn t
H thng in tp I - II
Power system stability
n nh H THNG IN
Chng 1: M U

1.1 Khi nim v qu trnh qu in c

-Cc ch lm vic ca HTD
-Cc nhiu, kch ng trong HTD
-Cc thng s giao ng lin quan
Ain Ac
Min Mc
Pin Pc

f, ,
Chng 1: M U

-Qu trnh din ra trn trc roto:

ng b

MP
CSC
0

t
Chng 1: M U

-Qu trnh din ra trn trc roto:

Khng ng b

MP
CSC
0

t
Chng 1: M U

1.2 ng c tnh cng sut

- nh ngha
- V d (trng hp n gin nht)

F B1 D B2 H

EF XF XB1 XD XB2 XH UH

EF X UH
Chng 1: M U
P
1.2 ng c tnh cng sut
P = U .I . cos E X U
I,
Trong tam gic vung OAE v UAE
E I.X
EA = IX cos = E sin A
T :
E.U U
P= sin
X

Cc ngha:
-Gc lch roto I
-Tng quan E, U, X i vi P
O
- ngha P = f (sin)
Chng 1: M U
P
1.2 ng c tnh cng sut
- ngha P = f (sin) E X U
-Pmax I,

P
P
Pmax

+ P0

-
0
Chng 1: M U

M hnh nghin cu:

- CSC cung cp cho
MP mt lng Pc = hs
- MP chuyn thnh mt Pc P
lng in cung cp P
cho HT P = P0
Pmax
- ngha im lm vic im lm vic
- S dng th
nghin cu, tnh ton, a
Pc = P0
thuyt minh

0
Chng 1: M U

1.3 Phng trnh giao ng ca roto

- L phng trnh c hc biu din chuyn ng quay
- trong i lng c (i vi MP):
d 2 c
M = M c M d = J . = J . 2
dt
- trong n v tng i:
Mc M
d c
2
M = P = Pc Pd = J . = J . 2
dt

- M: mmen tha
- P: cng sut tha
Chng 1: M U
Mc M
- trong i lng in (vt):
d 2
M = P = Pc Pd = TJ . = TJ . 2
dt
- trong n v tng i m rng:
d 2
M = P = Pc Pd = K .TJ . = K .TJ . 2
dt
360.
K= = 360. f = 18000
2
P: (dvtd )
: (0 )
t: ( s ), TJ : ( s)
Chng 1: M U

Mc M

ngha:
-P = 0: Pc = P = 0:
=0
= 0 = hs : ch xc lp
-P 0: Pc P 0:
0 : f(t) f0 50 Hz
= f(t) : ch qu
?
t
Chng 2: NG C TNH CNG SUT

2.1 HT tng qut:

Fk
- Khi nim
-Phng php tnh ton

F1
Fn
Si

n
Ei2 E .E
Pi = sin ii + i k sin( ik ik ) Fi
Z ii k =1 Z ik
k i

n
Ei2 Ei .Ek
Qi = cos ii + cos( ik ik )
Z ii k =1 Z ik
k i
Chng 2: NG C TNH CNG SUT
2.2 HT gm hai nh my:

F1 B1 D B2 F2
PT

E1 XF1 XB1 ZD ZB2 XF2 E2

ZPT YD/2
Chng 2: NG C TNH CNG SUT
2.2 HT gm hai nh my: P1, Q1 P2, Q2

s dng nguyn l xp chng

Z12
E1 Z10 Z20 E2

S1 = E1. I 1 = P1 + j.Q1


E E E 2
E .E
= E1 1 2 = 1 11 1 2 12 + 12
Z Z Z11 Z12
11 12

E12 E .E
P1 = cos 11 1 2 cos(12 + 12 )
Z11 Z12
E12 E .E
P1 = sin 11 + 1 2 sin(12 12 )
Z11 Z12
E12 E .E
Q1 = cos 11 1 2 cos(12 12 )
Z11 Z12
Chng 2: NG C TNH CNG SUT
2.2 HT gm hai nh my: P1, Q1 P2, Q2

s dng nguyn l xp chng

Z12
E1 Z10 Z20 E2

S 2 = E2 . I 2 = P2 + j.Q2


E E E 2
E .E
= E2 2 1 = 2 22 1 2 12 + 12
Z Z Z 22 Z12
22 12
E22 E1 .E2
P2 = sin 22 sin(12 + 12 )
Z 22 Z12
P1 + P2 = PPT
Q1 + Q2 = QPT E 2
E1 .E2
Q2 = 2
cos 11 cos(12 + 12 )
Z 22 Z12
P,Q = f (12 )
v cc ng TCS
Chng 2: NG C TNH CNG SUT
2.3 H thng in n gin:
1. HT c tn tht v ph ti

F B1 D B2 H
PT

EF XF XB1 ZD ZB2 XH UH
ZPT YD/2
Chng 2: NG C TNH CNG SUT
2.3 H thng in n gin:
1. HT c tn tht v PT P1, Q1 P2, Q2
s dng nguyn l xp chng
EF Z12 UH
Z10 Z20

S1 = EF . I 1 = P1 + j.Q1


E U E 2
E .U
= EF F = F 11 F + 12
Z Z Z11 Z12
11 12

EF2 EF .U
P1 = sin 11 + sin( 12 )
Z11 Z12
EF2 EF .U
Q1 = cos 11 cos( 12 )
Z11 Z12
Chng 2: NG C TNH CNG SUT
2.3 H thng in n gin:
2. HT khng tn tht

F B1 D B2 H

EF XF XB1 XD XB2 XH UH

EF XF UF XH UH
Chng 2: NG C TNH CNG SUT
2.3 H thng in n gin:
2. HT khng tn tht E X U
MP cc n: X d = Xq ; I,
E F = Eq .
q

I.Xdcos
Eq .U Eq I.Xdcos
PEq = sin
X d Eq I.XHcos
E
UF
E ' .U
PE ' = sin ' U
q
X d ' H

U F .U
PU F = sin H
X H I
d
Chng 2: NG C TNH CNG SUT
2.3 H thng in n gin:
2. HT khng tn tht _ MP cc n: X U
E
I,
P = U .I . cos = U .I . cos( )
U U . sin
I . cos = I q = d =
X q X d P
E 'q U q E 'q U . cos
I . sin = I d = =
X ' d X ' d
'
Eq .U U 2 X d X ' d
PE ' = sin sin 2
q
X d ' 2 X d . X ' d
'
Eq .U U 2 X d X 'd
PE ' = sin sin 2
q
X d ' 2 X d . X 'd
U Fq .U U2 Xd
PU F = sin sin 2
X H 2 X d . X H
Chng 2: NG C TNH CNG SUT
2.3 H thng in n gin:
P = U .I . cos = U .I . cos( )
2. HT khng tn tht _ MP cc li:
U U . sin
I . cos = I q = d =
X q X q
q
Eq U q Eq U . cos
I . sin = I d = = Eq
X d X d I(Xd-Xq)
Eq .U U 2 X q X d
PEq = sin sin 2 I.Xq
X d 2 X q . X d EQ

Eq .U U 2 Xd Xq
PEq = sin + sin 2
X d 2 X q . X d
U
U 2 X q X 'd
'
Eq .U
PE ' = sin sin 2
q
X d ' 2 X q . X 'd

U Fq .U U2 Xq
PU F = sin sin 2 d I
X H 2 X q . X H
Chng 2: NG C TNH CNG SUT

2.4 c tnh tnh ph ti:

P, Q = f ( U )
P,
PT c nh gi qua Q
h s hiu ng iu chnh 1
dP/dU ; dQ/dU

C 2 loi :
- c tnh tnh thc t

Ugh 1
Chng 2: NG C TNH CNG SUT
2.4 c tnh tnh ph ti: U0
- c tnh tnh thay th:
RPT
ZPT = hs
U = U0 : PPT = P0 ; QPT = Q0
XPT
mc ni tip
U m
2
Z pt = R pt + j. X pt = (cos + j. sin )
S0
U0
mc song song
U m
2
U2
R pt = P=
P0 R pt XPT RPT

U m
2
U2
Z pt = Q=
Q0 X pt
Chng 3: n nh tnh HT

3.1 nh ngha:
c im ca kch ng b

3.2 n nh tnh HT n gin:

1. ng c tnh cng sut:

F B1 D B2 H

E.U
P= sin = Pmax sin EF X UH
X
Chng 3: n nh tnh HT

3.2 n nh tnh HT n gin:

E.U
1. ng c tnh cng sut: P= sin = Pmax sin
X
2. Phng trnh giao ng ca roto:
d 2
P = P0 P = T j 2
dt
S dng phng php
d 2
hay : T j 2 P0 + P = 0 tuyn tnh ho
dt
d 2 P P
T j 2 P0 + P0 + ( ) + (E )
dt P0 E P0
1 2P 1 2
P
+ ( ) 2
+ ( E ) 2
+ ... = 0
2! P
2
2! E P2
0 0
Chng 3: n nh tnh HT
3.2 n nh tnh HT n gin:

d 2 dP = 0 +
Tj 2 + ( ) = 0
dt d P0 d dP
and p = ; c =
dt d
T j p 2 ( ) + c( ) = 0
Phng trnh giao ng b ca roto MF
= K1e p1t + K 2 e p2t
D( p) = T j p 2 + c = 0
c
p1, 2 =
Tj
Chng 3: n nh tnh HT
3.2 n nh tnh HT n gin:
a/
dP c
c= >0 p1,2 = j = j
d Tj
jt jt
= K1e + K2e = K sin(t + )
P
Pmax

a c
Pc = P0

Thc t l giao ng tt dn
HT n nh tnh
0 900
Chng 3: n nh tnh HT
3.2 n nh tnh HT n gin:
b/ P
Pmax
dP
c= <0
d
c b
p1, 2 = = Pc = P0
Tj c

= K 1e t + K 2 e t

900 1

v tng theo t
HT mt n nh
Chng 3: n nh tnh HT

3. Tiu chun n nh tnh:

P
Pmax
dP
c= >0
d
a b
Pc = P0
4. Ch gii hn n nh:
dP
c= =0
d
0 900
ngha Pgh
Pgh = Pmax
Vng lm Vng lm vic
gh = 900 vic n nh khng n nh
Chng 3: n nh tnh HT

5. d tr n nh tnh: P
Pmax
Pgh P0
Kt = 100% Pcf
P0
a
Kt = 0 Pc = P0

iu kin lm vic n nh:

Pvh Pcf 0 cf 900

vh cf
Tiu chun Lin X:
Tiu chun Ty u:
Chng 3: n nh tnh HT

6. ngha vt l:
P

- Qu trnh giao ng: Pmax

- Mc ch tuyn tnh ha a

a c P b
Pc = P0
c

0
Chng 3: n nh tnh HT
3.3 n nh tnh HT gm hai nh my:

F1 B1 D B2 F2

E1 E2
PT 2
1 0
Cc vn : U
- c tnh cng sut 12

- Khi nim gc lch tng i

Chng 3: n nh tnh HT
3.4 n nh tnh HT phc tp:

F1 B1 D B2 F2

B3

H
Chng 3: n nh tnh HT
3.5 n nh tnh ti nt ph ti:
- Kch ng b ti nt ph ti
- PT l ng c
1. ng c ng b:
H B Dz
Xt nh MP.
c im:
- M = P = PM PT UH X ED
P
- U vt trc E
Pmax
U
r ED a
0
a P
Pc = P0

0 900
Chng 3: n nh tnh HT
3.5 n nh tnh ti nt ph ti:
2. ng c khng ng b cng sut b: U=hs PT

- c im:
- S thay th PM
Xr H

PMmax
U0
X
R2/s

U2 R2 smax 1 s
PM = 2
.
R2 s U2 R2
Xr +
2
PM max = Smax =
s 2X r Xr
Chng 3: n nh tnh HT
3.5 n nh tnh ti nt ph ti:
2. ng c khng ng b cng sut b: U=hs PT

- Giao ng:
- Tiu chun n nh PM
H
dPM dPC
>0
dS dS PMmax
a
a P b
dPM PT
PC = hs : >0 b
dS
s

s0 s1 1 s
Chng 3: n nh tnh HT
3.5 n nh tnh ti nt ph ti:
2. ng c khng ng b cng sut b: U=hs PT
- Ch gii hn n nh
- Cc kh nng ch gii hn
PM
a. U0 = hs, PMmax = hs, PT tng H

b. PT = hs = PMmax (U0 )
PMmax PM(U0 )
U gim n Ugh
PT = PMmax (Ugh ) PM(Ugh )
a
PT

Ugh = 0,7 U0
s0 smax 1 s
Chng 3: n nh tnh HT
3.5 n nh tnh ti nt ph ti:
3. ng c khng ng b cng sut ln:
Xm Xr
E(UH)

X H B Dz
R2/s

PMmax PM(U0 )
PM(E)

PT

s0 smax 1 s
Chng 4: n nh ng HT
4.1 nh ngha:
c im ca kch ng ln

F B1 D B2 H

Qu trnh nghin cu
0 ?

Trc k. Khi k. Sau k.

Chng 4: n nh ng HT

F B1 D B2 H

4.2 C s tnh ton

1. Cc kch ng ln:
- Ct MP ang lm vic song song
- /C MBA lm vic song song
- /C ng dy lm vic song song

- Ct ng dy lm vic song song do NM

Chng 4: n nh ng HT

F B1 D B2 H

4.2 C s tnh ton

2. Thng s thay th: ( mc ch ?)
- Phn t tnh : X
- MP: ?
Chng 4: n nh ng HT

F B1 D B2 H

4.2 C s tnh ton

3. S thay th: (mc ch ? )
- S TTK
- S TTN
- S TTT
Chng 4: n nh ng HT

F B1 D B2 H

4.2 C s tnh ton

4. V tr im NM: th hin qua in khng NM
- X0
- X2
- X1
Chng 4: n nh ng HT
Y0 Y0

F B1 D B2 H
nX0D (1-n)X0D
X0:
XB1 XB2
S TTK
UN0

( X B1 + nX 0 D ).[X B 2 + (1 n ) X 0 D ]
X 0 =
X B1 + X B 2 + X 0 D
X 0 = an + bn c
2
Chng 4: n nh ng HT
Y0 Y0

F B1 D B2 H
X0
X 0 = an + bn c
2

X0min khi n = 0, 1
X0min
X2min khi n = 0, 1
X1min khi n = 0 0 1 n
V tr tnh ton im NM:
n = 0 : NM u ng dy
Chng 4: n nh ng HT

4.2 n nh ng HT n gin:
1. Cc ng c tnh cng sut:
- Trc NM:

EF XF XB1 XD XB2 XH UH

E F .U H
PI = sin = PIm ax sin
X 1
EF X1 UH
Chng 4: n nh ng HT
4.2 n nh ng HT n gin:
1. Cc ng c tnh cng sut:
- Khi NM:

EF XF XB1 XD XB2 XH UH
X
Xa Xb
Xa Xb X2

EF UH EF UH
X Xa0 Xb0

EF .U H
PII = sin = PII max sin
X 2
* c im ca NM i vi vn hnh HT
Chng 4: n nh ng HT
4.2 n nh ng HT n gin:
1. Cc ng c tnh cng sut:
- Trc NM: PI
X a .X b
- Khi NM: PII = +
X 2 X a X b +
X ( n )
P NM : X ( n ) X 2 PII max
PI
N ( 3) : X ( n ) = 0, X 2 = , PII max = 0

P0
N(1)
N(2) PII
N(1,1)

N(3)
Chng 4: n nh ng HT
4.2 n nh ng HT n gin:
1. Cc ng c tnh cng sut:
- Sau NM:

EF XF XB1 XD XB2 XH UH

EF .U H
PIII = sin = PIII max sin EF X3 UH
X 3
PIII max < PI max
Chng 4: n nh ng HT
4.2 n nh ng HT n gin:
1. Cc ng c tnh cng sut:

P
PI

PIII

P0
N(1)
N(2) PII
N(1,1)

N(3)
Chng 4: n nh ng HT
4.2 n nh ng HT n gin:
2. Qu trnh giao ng ca roto khi NM:
P
PI
Tnh trng lm vic:
Pc = P0 = hs; Pc /PI
d
- a(P0,0) : r = 0 c e
P0 a
Khi MN : PI PII : a b
- b: PII
b
- bc :

- c:
- cd : 0 c d e
C hai kh nng:
Chng 4: n nh ng HT
4.2 n nh ng HT n gin:
2. Qu trnh giao ng ca roto khi NM:
P
C hai kh nng: PI
C im d:
- d: d
e
- dc : P0 a c
- cb :
To thnh giao ng chu k b PII

: 0 d :
im lm vic mi :
0 c d e
c (P0, c)
h thng n nh
,(t)?
Chng 4: n nh ng HT
4.2 n nh ng HT n gin:
2. Qu trnh giao ng ca roto khi NM:

P
Khng c im d: PI
- e:
- Qu e :
a c e
P0
h thng mt n nh P

,(t)? b PII

0 c e
Chng 4: n nh ng HT
4.2 n nh ng HT n gin:
3. Tiu chun n nh ng
P PI
- Xt trong chu k u
ca (t)
- Khi c kch ng ln a c e

trong qu trnh giao P0

ng ti a khi im b
PII
lm vic n e:

e : r 0 0 c e

0
Chng 4: n nh ng HT
4.2 n nh ng HT n gin:
3. Tiu chun n nh ng
P PI
C 2 giai on:
- b c: tng tc : Att
- c e: hm tc : Ahtmax a c e

P0
Tiu chun nng lng b
PII

Aht max Att

0 c e
Chng 4: n nh ng HT
4.2 n nh ng HT n gin:
3. Tiu chun n nh ng
c c
Att = Md = Pd
0 0 P PI
c
Ftt Fhtmax
= ( P0 PII )d = Fabc = Ftt
0 a c e
e e
P0
Aht max = Md = Pd b PII
c c
e

= ( P0 PII )d = Fcde = Fht max 0 c e
c

Fht max Ftt

Chng 4: n nh ng HT
4.2 n nh ng HT n gin:
4. Ch gii hn n nh

Fht max = Ftt P PI

Ftt Fhtmax
5. d tr n nh ng
a c e

Fht max P0
Kd = b PII
Ftt

0 c e
Chng 4: n nh ng HT
4.2 n nh ng HT n gin:
6. Bi ton c bn tnh ton n nh ng

P
- Cho HT vi ch lm PI
vic P0.
Ftt Fhtmax
- ng vi mt dng NM d
cn nghin cu. a
PIII
P0
- Tnh gc ct gii hn e
cgh
PII
- Tnh thi gian ct NM c
b
gii hn tcgh

0 cgh e
 Chng 4: n nh ng HT
4.2 n nh ng HT n gin:
P PI

Ftt Fhtmax
Tnh gc ct gii hn cgh d
PIII
- l gc lch roto khi ct NM a
P0
HT ch GHO e

- Tnh theo pp th
PII
c
- Tnh theo pp gii tch b
Ftt + Fht max = 0
cgh e 0 cgh e
(P P
0
0 max . sin )d + (P P
cgh
0 IIII max . sin )d = 0

P0 ( cgh o ) + P max (cos cgh cos o ) + P0 ( e cgh ) + P max (cos e cos cgh ) = 0
P0 ( e cgh ) + P max cos e P max cos o
cos cgh =
P max P max
Chng 4: n nh ng HT
4.2 n nh ng HT n gin:
6. Bi ton c bn tnh ton n nh ng
- Tnh thi gian ct NM P
PI
gii hn tcgh
Ftt Fhtmax
- L thi gian ct NM ng
d
vi cgh PIII
a
- s dng pp phn on P0
e
lin tip
- s dng phng trnh c
PII
vt m rng b

d 2 0 cgh e
K .P = T j . = T j 2 t
dt
0 tcgh
K = 18.000
 p.p phn on lin tip Pn-2
Pn-1
- ngha:
Pn
t t
t n 1 = (n 1)t
tn-2 tn-1 tn
Pn 1
n 1 = n-1/2
Tj
n-3/2
t
n 1/ 2 n 3 / 2 = n 1.t = Pn 1
Tj
n = n n 1 = n 1/ 2 .t tn-3/2 tn-1/2

n 1 = n 1 n 2 = n 3 / 2 .t n
n
n n 1 = (n 1/ 2 n 3 / 2 )t n-1
n-1
n-2
t 2
= Pn 1 = K .Pn 1
Tj tn-2 tn-1 tn
Bit cc thng s phn on Pn-2
Pn-1
trc
Tnh c thng s phn on Pn
t t
k tip
tn-2 tn-1 tn

n-1/2
* t n 1 ; Pn 1 ; n 1 ; n 1 n-3/2
* t n = n.t
n = n 1 + K .Pn 1 tn-3/2 tn-1/2

n = n 1 + n n
n
Pn = P0 sin n n-1
n-1
n-2

tn-2 tn-1 tn
Chng 4: n nh ng HT
4.3 n nh ng HT gm 2 nh my

F1 B1 D B2 F2

E1 E2
2
1 0
PT
U
Cc vn : 12
- c tnh cng sut
- Khi nim ng b tng i
- Tu thuc v tr NM
Chng 4: n nh ng HT
4.4 n nh ng HT phc tp

F1 B1 D B2 F2

B3

H
Chng 4: n nh ng HT
4.5 n nh ng ti nt PT
- PT l ng c PT

- Cc kch ng ln:
1. Khi ng ng c
H

UH XM Ikd XD ED

Thng s thay th:

- ng c ng b
- ng c khng ng b
Chng 4: n nh ng HT
4.5 n nh ng ti nt PT
2. T khi ng P
PI
Khi nim
ng c ng b: = MPB Fht Fttmax
c tnh cng sut d
PIII
M = P = PM PT P0
a
e
Tiu chun n nh:
PII
c
Ftt Fht max b

0 ph e
t
0 tph
Chng 4: n nh ng HT

4.5 n nh ng ti nt PT
2. T khi ng
ng c khng ng b PM(U0 )

Tiu chun n nh PMmax

d
e
a d PM(U du )
s se PT
c
c

s0 smax se s

3. ng ti t ngt
 Chng 5: Cc bin php nng cao
tnh n nh HT
5.1 Khi nim
5.2 Ci thin c tnh cc phn t chnh
1. My pht: P
Xd ; Xd
TJ
TK UF
S P1
P0

EF XF UF 0 1 900 gh

.t.n. .n.t.
 Chng 5: Cc bin php nng cao
tnh n nh HT
5.2 Ci thin c tnh cc phn t chnh
1. My pht:
Cos
Cos dm / Cos ht

Imin
Emin Er E

I.X

Ir U

I
 Chng 5: Cc bin php nng cao
tnh n nh HT

5.2 Ci thin c tnh cc phn t chnh

1. My ct P
PI

tcNM = tBV + tcMC Ftt Fhtmax

d
PIII
a
P0
e

PII
c
b

0 cNM e

0 tcNM
 Chng 5: Cc bin php nng cao
tnh n nh HT

5.2 Ci thin c tnh cc phn t chnh

1. My ct P
PI
Ftt Fhtmax
d
PIII
a
P0
e

PII
c
b

0 cNM e

0 tcNM
 Chng 5: Cc bin php nng cao
tnh n nh HT
5.2 Ci thin c tnh cc phn t chnh
1. My ct
TL : - dz hnh tia
- dz lin lc
D

BV
BV TL
F B H
TL

PT
 Chng 5: Cc bin php nng cao
tnh n nh HT

5.2 Ci thin c tnh cc phn t chnh

2. My ct P
PI

TL dz lin lc Ftt Fhtmax

- 1 dz a e
P0
- 2 dz

PII
b

c
d
0 c TDL e

0 tcNM tTDL
 Chng 5: Cc bin php nng cao
tnh n nh HT
5.2 Ci thin c tnh cc phn t chnh
3. ng dy:
Cp in p
in khng
- phn pha dy dn
 Chng 5: Cc bin php nng cao
tnh n nh HT

5.2 Ci thin c tnh cc phn t chnh

3. ng dy:
in khng
- t b dc: XD = XL - XC
 Chng 5: Cc bin php nng cao
tnh n nh HT

5.2 Ci thin c tnh cc phn t chnh

3. ng dy:
in khng
- cc trm ct trung gian
 Chng 5: Cc bin php nng cao
tnh n nh HT
5.3 Cc bin php ph
1. s dng R,X trung tnh MBA
2. ng Rph u cc MP
B

F H
R, X
 Chng 5: Cc bin php nng cao
tnh n nh HT
5.3 Cc bin php ph
2. ng Rph u cc MP
P d
PI
Ftt Fhtma
x
M a e
C P0

F
MC PII
b
c
Rph
0 D c e

0 tcNM
tD