Calculation sheet

SHEVS

1 Sample Calculation for Smoke and Heat Exhaust Ventilation System (SHEVS) -

1.1 Nomenclature
Ap = Area for replacement air on the perimeter
AV = Lightwell vent area
Al = Leakage area of lightwell vent at its closed position
As = Shaft area
P0 = Atmospheric pressure
Pf,i = i th floor pressure
PS,i = Pressure inside the lightwell at i th floor
Pf,N= Pressure across the top floor enclousure
PV,1 = Pressure across the lightwell vent
Qd = Air exhaust flow rate from the fire floor
Ql,i = Leaked floor from i th floor in to the lightwell
Vi = Air velocity at i th floor
Qi = Flow rate at i th floor
Ds = Equivalent diameter of lightwell (1.30 x (a x b)^0.625 / (a + b)^0.25)
f = Friction factor of lightwell (0.025)
= Flow coefficient (0.6)
l = Height between two floors
= Air density
PT = Total pressure
QT = Total floor rate

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1.2 Sample calculation

Q2, V2

Pf,2 Ql PS,2

Q1, V1
P0
PF, Qd, V0 PS,1
1,

Figure: Fire floor air path and symbols

For the fire floor

LL3 Floor area = 6158 m2
Ceiling height = 3m
Total volume = 18474 m3
Recommended ACH = 8 1/hr
Required floor rate = 147792 m3/hr = 41.05 m3/s
There are two lightwells. Therefore, considering each lightwell extracts equal flow rates
Flow rate from a lightwell = 20.53 m3/s
Lightwell (shaft) detail
Size = 5.5 m x 6.2 m
. .
Hydrolic diameter (Ds) = = 5.83
( . . )

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SHEVS

Lightwell leakage details and vent details

Leakage area of closed windows
Table: Leakage factors (from Table 3 - Effective Air Leakage Areas (Low-Rise Residential
Applications) of 1997 ASHRAE Fundamentals Handbook (SI), Page 25.18 )

Window leakage
type Area lm unit factor Unit m2
Window area
1.052 4.422 m 0.000024 m2/lmc 0.00011
Frame
0.448 m2 0.00013 0.0000583
W1 0.00016
Window area
11.618 m 0.000024 m2/lmc 0.00028
Frame
1.16 m2 0.00013 0.00015
W2 0.00043
Total leakage area from a floor (W1 x nos of windows + W2) 0.00142

W2

W1

Figure: Lightwell window detail

Leakage area of lightwell wall (leakage area ratio - from BS 5588 -4 -1998, p.52)
= (5.5 + 6.2) 2 4.9 0.693 1.518 6 6.2 3 0.11 10 = 0.00987
Total leakage area per floor = 0.00987 + 0.00142 = 0.01129

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SHEVS

Free area of lightwell automated window

Free area
a Stroke
length
Window
frame
c
b
Window

Figure: Light well window detail

Applying cos law to above triangle

+
cos =
2
= , = =
Therefore

cos =
2
600
= cos = 78.6
2 1518
Free area of a lightwell automated window = 0.6 sin(78.6) 0.693
= 0.4076
Total lightwell window free area = 1.63 (area of 04 Nos of Automated
windows at 600mm stroke length)

Pressure drop across the fire floor perimeter =25Pa (from ASHRAE Transactions, Vol 91, Part
2A, 1985, P. 642-656, IRC Paper No.1401, Tamura and Shaw 1973.)
Pressure drop across the automated windows
2
=
0.83
2
20.53
, ,1 = = 230.27
0.83 1.63
Let P0 = 0 Pa,

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Pressure inside the shaft PS, 1 = 0-25-230.27= -255.27Pa

( )
Air velocity at 1st floor level = = 20.53 34 = 0.60

Assuming pressure at 2nd floor level = -255.27 Pa, leakage air into the lightwell,
. / .
= 0.83 , , = 0.83 0.01129 255.27 = 0.2993
Total floor rate at 2nd floor level =( + )
( + )
Velocity at 2nd floor level = = +

= 0.60 + 0.2993 34 = 0.6088

Applying energy equation for floor 1 and floor 2
Note: line loss at leakage flow level of 2nd floor and stack effect are not considered.
2 2 2
1 2 1 + 2
,1 + = ,2 + +
2 2 2 2
2 2 2
2 1 1 + 2
,1 ,2 = +
2 2 2
2
1.22(0.60882 0.602 ) 0.025 4.9 1.22 0.6088 + 0.60
,1 ,2 = +
2 2 5.83 2
,1 ,2 = 0.011
Therefore ,2 = 255.27 0.011 = 255.28

Assuming this value as the initial value for , , again V2 and ,2 can be calculated.
Similarly, result of previous calculation is taken as the assumed value of the present
calculation (iteration method) until ,2 get constant value. Same method is applied for
rest of the floors. These calculations are done in an Excel sheet and attached herewith.
Using the results of these calculations below parameters can be calculated.

Total flow rate = + , + , + + ,

Total Pressure drop = , + +

( , , )+

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