TNG LIN ON LAO NG ViT NAM

TRNG I HC TN C THNG

KHOA IN-IN T

MN HC: LI TRUYN TI V PHN PHI

M MN: 401018
CHNG V:
PHN B CNG SUT TRONG H THNG iN

TH: GV. NGUYN TRUNG THNG

02 Jan 2011 1
 Chng 5:
Phn b cng sut trong h thng in

5.1 M u
5.2 Ma trn Ybus, Zbus
5.3 nh ngha bi ton phn b cng sut .
5.4 Phn loi cc im nt trong h thng in
5.5 Cc phng trnh c bn .
5.6 Phn b cng sut dng Ybus v php lp Gauss-Seidel
5.7 Phn b cng sut bng php lp Newton-Raphson
5.8 Phng php phn lp nhanh (fast decouple)

02 Jan 2011 2
 1. M u
- Phn b cng sut l bi ton quan trng trong quy hoach, thit
k pht trin h thng trong tng lai nhm xc nh ch vn
hnh tt nht ca h thng hin hu.
- Trong chng ny s a ra cc m hnh ton hc ca mng
in, cc phng php ton s chn lc v cc phng php
phn b cng sut.

02 Jan 2011 3
&
I1

5.2 Ma trn Ybus, Zbus

CHO H THNG 4 NT

1 2 Dng
in
y12 vo nt
&
I1 &
I2
1
U&1 2
U&2 y13 y 23
y 24
i
n +
+ &
&
U1 y10 3 4
y 20 p U 2
nt
y34 -
-

U&3 U&4
4
+ +
3 &
U 3
y30 y 40 &
U 4

- -
(a) Ngun, ti

(b)
Hnh (a) : s n tuyn

02 Jan 2011 hnh (b): s thay th 4

 5.2 Ma trn Ybus, Zbus

Phng trnh dng in:

[I]=[Y].[U]
Ma trn trn c th vit li di dng:
&
I1
Y11 Y12 Y13 Y14 U&
1
& &
I Y21
2 = Y22 Y23 Y24 U
. 2
&
I3
Y31 Y32 Y33 Y34 U&
3
& &
Y41
I4 Y42 Y43 Y44 U4

02 Jan 2011 5
 5.2 Ma trn Ybus, Zbus

Cc phn t trong ma trn c tnh nh sau:

Trong :
Y11 = y10 + y12 + y13 Mi phn t Yii (i=1, 2, 3, 4)
Y22 = y20 + y12 + y 23 + y 24 trn ng cho chnh ca ma trn
Y33 = y30 + y13 + y23 + y34 gi l tng dn nt u vo ca nt i
Y44 = y40 + y24 + y34
Y12 = Y21 = y12 Mi phn t Yii (i=1, 2, 3, 4)
Y13 = Y31 = y13 trn ng cho chnh ca ma trn
Y14 = Y41 = y14 = 0 gi l tng dn nt u vo ca nt i
Y23 = Y32 = y 23
Y24 = Y42 = y 24
Y34 = Y43 = y34
02 Jan 2011 6
 5.3 nh ngha bi ton phn b cng sut

Kho st phn b cng sut thng p dng cho h thng ba pha cn bng.

Kho st phn b cng sut i hi c tng tr ng dy v my bin p, u phn p

ca my bin p, in dung ng dy, s liu cng sut ca ngun v ph ti.

C s l thuyt ca bi ton phn b cng sut da trn hai nh lut Kirchoff v dng
in ti nt v in th mch vng.
Mc ch:
phc v cho thit k v vn hnh h thng in,

kho st h thng ch trc v sau s c,

iu chnh in p v cng sut, vn hnh kinh t h thng in

02 Jan 2011 7
 5.4 Cc loi im nt trong h thng in

Thanh ci cn bng:
L thanh ci my pht in p ng nhanh chng vi s
thay i ca ph ti.
i vi thanh ci cn bng, cho trc gi tr in p U v gc
pha chn lm chun.

U ,0
Thanh ci my pht:
Cho bit trc cng sut thc P m my pht ra v in U ca thanh
ci . Thanh ci my pht cn gi l thanh ci P,U

U , P0
02 Jan 2011 8
 5.4 Cc loi im nt trong h thng in
Thanh ci ph ti:
Cho bit cng sut P v Q ca ph ti yu cu. Thanh ci ph
ti cn gi l ci P, Q.
Dng cng sut cc thanh ci c quy c theo chiu i vo
thanh ci.
( Ppt , Q pt )

Nu khng c my pht hay ph ti mt nt no th coi nt

nh nt ph ti vi P = Q = 0.

02 Jan 2011 9
 5.5 Cc phng trnh c bn

1. PT im nt cho nt k:
. . . .
I = YK 1 U1 + YK 2 U 2 YKn U n
Pt tng qut
.
I = Y

[ ] .
TC
U

Vi:
.
I : L dng in im nt
YTC : L tng dn thanh ci
Theo quy c chiu dng in vo nt l (+) ra nt l (-)

02 Jan 2011 10
 5.5 Cc phng trnh c bn

2. Phng trnh in p mch vng.

Phng trnh tng qut:
. . . .
E K = Z K 1 I 1 + Z K 2 I 2 Z Kn I n
Ma trn tng qut:
. .
E1 Z11Z12 Z1K I1
. .
E2 = Z 21 Z 22 Z 2 K I 2
Vi:
. Z K L ma trn tng
E Z K 1 Z K 2 Z KK I
.

K



K
tr thanh ci

02 Jan 2011 11
 5.5 Cc phng trnh c bn

-Trng hp tng qut i vi thanh ci K trong n thanh ci

(khng k thanh ci cn bng).
- Chng hn K l nt ph ti, cng sut a vo thanh ci
( K + jQK
K l: P )
. PK jQK .
- Dng IK = .
YK U K
UK
- Yk l dung dn ca ng dy tp trung thanh ci hoc
t in ca thanh ci K.

02 Jan 2011 12
 5.5 Cc phng trnh c bn
3.Phng trnh cng sut nt:
Vi phng trnh nt tnh trn:
. . . .
I K = YK 1 U 1 + YK 2 U 2 YKn U n

C th tnh cng sut i vo nt K t phng trnh:

. .
S K =U K I K

02 Jan 2011 13
 5.6 Phn b cng sut dng ma trn Zbus bng
php lp Gauss - Seidel
Thut ton lp Gauss-Seidel gm cc bc
(0) ( 0) (0)
1) Gi thit cc in p ban u U 1 , U 2 ,..., U n

(1)
2) Tnh U 1 theo cc in p gi thit ban u

(1) n
Pi jQi
U1 = U chun + z 1i
yi Ui
i =1 U ( 0 )*
i
(1)
3) Thay gi trU 1 vo tr li phng trnh trn tnh li
(1)
U 1 (coi nh mt bc ph, bc ny khng bt buc).

02 Jan 2011 14
 5.6 Phn b cng sut dng ma trn Zbus bng
php lp Gauss - Seidel
Thut ton lp Gauss-Seidel gm cc bc
(1) (1)
4) Tnh U 2trong s dng U 1 va tnh c bc 3.
(1) (1)
Tng t tnh U 3 ,..., U n
5) Lp li cc bc t 2 n 4, lun lun dng cc kt qu
in p va tnh c.
Tip tc qu trnh tnh lp ny cho n khi sai s gia hai
ln lp t chnh xc cho trc. Bi ton khi
c xem nh hi t.
Qu trnh trn y ch thch phi hp i vi thanh ci ph
ti Pi v Qi ca ph ti ti thanh ci i hon ton bit
trc.
02 Jan 2011 15
 5.6 Phn b cng sut dng ma trn Zbus bng
php lp Gauss - Seidel

Nh
vy:

*

( ) Pi jQi
n
Uk



Pk jQk = U k 1 + Z kk y k U chun Z ki y U i
Z kk
i

i =1
ik Ui
*
* Uk n P jQ
Pk jQk = y k U U k + U k U chun Z ki i i y i U i
Z kk i =1

Ui


ik

02 Jan 2011 16
 5.7 Phn b cng sut bng Newton - Raphson
Bc 1: Vi in p v gc pha (thng thng =0) c c nh ti thanh gp
cn bng , gi tr |V|, ti cc thanh gp PQ v gi tr ti cc thanh gp PV.
Cc thng s in p ban u cn thiu c yu cu.
Bc 2: Tnh Pi (cho thanh gp PQ v PV) v Qi (cho thanh gp PQ). Nu tt
c cc gi tr ny thp hn sai s yu cu th ngng qu trnh lp. Tnh P 1,Q1
Bc 3: Nu tiu chun hi t khng tha mn, c lng cc phn t ca ma
trn Jacobean.
Bc 4: hiu chnh bin in p v gc pha.
Bc 5: Cp nht gi tr bin in p v gc pha bng cch cng cc gi tr sai
s v cc gi tr trc v quay tr li bc 2.

02 Jan 2011 17