The Story of Israels Economic Miracle

ca hai tc gi Dan Senor v Saul Singer

Start-up Nation c vit tr li cu h t t -la:
Lm th no m Israel-mt quc gia ch vi 7.1 triu dn, m 60 tui,
b bao vy b u t n tranh trin min t nhng ngy thnh l
t ti nguyn thin nhin no-li to ra nhiu cng ty khi
nghip (start-u ) ng qu t nh v l u
N t, Trung Quc, , Hn Quc, Canada v th uc?

i nh t t o luy t i ngoi, Senor v

t ch s ng bi h a quc gia gp nhiu
nghch cnh ny. H t n r ng cn tr
phng h thng cp b t t t t ng th c h tr b
tp trung v t to c . Khi m nhng
qu t t I d Du g
t to "Hiu ng Israel", doanh nghip nhn ra nhiu bi h d
t qu .N c M t kh ng nn kinh t
v tinh th d d t i
qu c bt c bit t u t c nhin,
t nh.
Quc gia khi nghip Israel
Posted on April 6, 2011

u D u

d t opeconomica, do www.opeconomica.com

(Op-economica, 6-4-2011)

Start-up Nation: The Story of Israels Economic Miracle t

D u u RF t u t 11-
2009.

d t V t u u t t t . N u
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http://opeconomica.com/2011/04/06/tri-tue-israel-loi-mo-dau/#comments
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Di r ay, a i heo?

SHIMON PERES i SHAI AGASSI

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M t u t t N t.
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P .

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) t u 3 u t . t t
t t t .

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d t t H T EO G E
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u t t d u t
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d I .

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t t u t
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t ) u 9 d I t u t . Mt
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t . t : d t t I
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t t d I t :
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t t d (spin- ff). t u t
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t t : u
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d 5% GDP uc gia?

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I u d t
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t t t u t t t n mng.

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t T u u t t
t M t . V u t f d
t t d t t t H K
t u u t u t t
1980 t N t t t t ut. H
du t t t u t . Hoa
K t t u t
t u t t t t u.

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t t H K. u t t t u du
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d t ( t t-u ). d
t t t
t H K u
d u . N t
t u K uff tu H K du t tt t
t t t t u t T t D
t t t t t. T u T t t
t .

u t t d t t t
d ( u d )
t t t t t
. N t I u t T t
D d t u
u d u u t u. T t
Doanh nhn t : t d t
u ( u d
t ) t t t t t .

Tt I
t t t t
d t : t t t d
d t t t u t I .N
u I t t t t
: t d t t u
.K d t
t t . K d t t t
t t d t t
.
N t I u t t t t
t . P T t I . H u
t t d t u u t
no du t u t t
t t t d t t
u t t t t .
 Phn I
Mt quc gia nh b c th lm c
nhng g
Phn I: Mt quc gia nh b c th lm c nhng g

Chng 1: Cng u

i a ng m , i M, m i
Nga, m i Trung Quc v m i Israel. M ay i n
gn v hi Xi in m a i rng
thiu th a din ra hi ay?
N i M i no l thiu?
N i Nga hi li y?
N i Trung Quc b no l mt ki ?
i ra i i no l Xin lm phin m ?

- MIKE LEIGH, Two thousand years

tt T t u u u
T N . T t
t G P P t t t t
I t t t t . d t u
c t 20 t t x
u t t t t u t t d
t u .

t t t t d d
hnh, v Thomp t t t
t .

t t u t t t t
T . t t t 2 : tt
xu d t t tt t t
tt xu t t w .

T t t t . T
P P t u t t t d
VISA t t u t t u .
VI t t 10 000
u t t u t t t
d . P P 2 000 .T
t tt xu

N t u t t t t N t t
du t u t t t t u
t t ut du u . T
t x du t . t
d t du t t t t d . Nu d
x du t t t t t u xu
. t .

T t u u t u ?

V d
t T t . T t t
u t t u t du t
t . t u t u w t . t d
t d t 4 .

T t xut u: P P 100 000

d u t t t F ud (t
d : P t G ) t t t u
P P u t u .

T t t t t
d t du t t 100 000 d
P P t t x t t t .
t P t G t t t I .

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T : t t t u
x t u P P t u t t
t u d u P P .

T t u u
t t t u t t. t t
t t u . V t d
I t u t t tt xu
t u t t t tu P P !N VI
t t .
T u t : u t t
t t . EO M
W t t t u t P t G
t I . V : u t t t
Shvat?

T t T t -mail cho Sh t : t t
t u t t u.

t ut u T t t u
t t. N t t
P t G u d .
T xut u 79 t u d t t
t d t 200 t u
. u t t t t P
t G T 169 t u d .

ut t t t T t t
u .K T t : t
u t t t u t ? N d
: L D u J d .
t u I t
t t D T
t t .

u x t P t G
tt x t u d P P . K t
t u :
u t t t
t P P u t t u
. H u t t tu t u T
t ?

t u t T t
I . Mt D T L R t t t
. u t t t
u d t x .
N t t t t I :t
u
t tu u u t N i
I t t t t x .

T t t d u u u
t t t . t u t d . u
t d . T t t
d u d t d t t t t t
t d .

d I t t t t
d u t t
xt t t . V ut u
d t u t u t t u
T u . N I u u t t
t ai.

N I u t d t .
D D T t t t . u u
u t u t t.

Mt t u u t t I
t I t : t t t I
Ed . T t t x d u t u t u
t t t t x . N t 70
t t u u
t . t d t t u x .

M 1980 t u H f I t
I tt x 8088 t 4.77
tz t t d t
d d t t . H I M
8088 t t .I t I M
t t u t 386.
1986 t I t t 33 tz.

t t t t d 2000 u
t d t t . Tu t
d ut t ; u
ut t t t t t : t .
Mt u H f I t t I t t u
t t du t . H u t
du I t . V I t u
: u u t u u
t t t ; u t t
. N H f I t I t
t x : x t
t t ? ut .

V t t t t t t
u u x ; u
u t .T d t
u t t . Gi thnh tuy c
t t u u t
t t .

K t t t
Haifa I t t I t t t du t .
d t t t t I t
t t u t u t tu
t .D t u I t t 13% t 2003 2005
t I t t t t x .

2006 x 2 Du u
u I t t t
.N I u t I t .

u u t I t u d
t ut t .X
H f u t
I t . K u t du x x t u ?

T t t M t I t t u t
H f I t I t u :
I tu t t t t t
xu t d t . D T t
tt t .

N M u u: d I u
t t t t u. V t
 t t I t : u u t t t u
tt t t .

Kt u I t H K: u 5 I
u 50 M; 5 I u u t
u T t ? t t
?
Phn I: Mt quc gia nh b c th lm c nhng g

Chng 2: Cc doanh nhn cng l ngi

chin s

M qua uy x ra , ng tham gia cuc chi Syria,

mt trong nhng nh qun l k thut gii nht th gii. N i ch huy xe
i gii v , ng chi ti . iu y da
r ai i i i i qua .

ERIC SCHMIDT

N 6t 10 1973 t I t t t
D T t t u t
.T t u t tu
I d u z u t t
t I t t u x t . V t x t I
t u u t .

T 1973 6 u T
u 6 I : 1967 I t 19 tu
t x 3 t : J d
t T J u d G z . I t
t .

T I u t tu
t t t t
.P u tu t t t t I 56
x T u t u .
t T L R f t t x t
t t . N
t x t t . V x
t Amnon?
L u d u RPG
t t d L t u t
t u . N x t
t .

K u ?K u t
L : t x t !
u N t 1960 t
x t t . H t t t t
u u t t x t u t t
u t t u t
x . T 3 x t
t x t t u u t
t t u u .

t R f t d d t t t
t : t tu t x
x u u t u
u x t t t u (
t ) . t ut t t
t d t x t xut: t t t
x t d u t u (
x) t t t .

K x t t tu x t
nh t t u u t t t t t
t x t I t t xu d d t t
. M u t
x .

t ut t x d t t t t
t t t . u N TO
d t .

N t t t ut t t t u I
u t xut t u tu . H
t u t t u t . H t
u t x . u x u u .
N M O t t u tu t u
I u t t
u t t .

t d t u I .
T t ut u t u t t
tu u t t t
t t . N u t
u I . N u Edw d Luttw t u
u t t u t
u . P u t u t t u t t
t . u I t u
u u t d .

T u I t t t u u
tu . T u t u H K 1:5
I 1:9. N : 9 t t 1 u
I . d u u t t t. t t x t T u t
t u I G dF 31 tu . t
u u t u t t T u t u H u
I . T u t t: t t
t t u t u . H t t t
23 tu u 20 u 100 . M
t t t u . t
xem: t t u t tu 23
u t ?

u t t u t u I u
u t t t t t L 2006.
Anh ta 20 tu t t
t N L u . K t
t d t : u u
xu u .

T u t t t u .
:d ut u u t
t t t . Tt t
t ut u t hng phi
u . d u t
 u u t .
u u ?

u t u I t t t d ng
t t . L u u
u t d t u I
u t x d t u t u t t t
: x u u d .

I u du t t t u t u t tt
d u t t . T u d u
t t u t t x t x t
huy t u t 23 tu t u u
.N t R t x d t ut t u
d Tu t t
t t t u t t T
t t . G t u t
t t u u
5 t I u 25 t u d .

ut 30 u t t t d t
u . K u ut d t
t . V u u T
t . u H K
d t M t
t u t
u .

u t u I t d u u t tu
t u u: t t t
t t t u . T u t
F t t : u I t d
t u ; t t u x
I u u t t . N I
t u t t
. T t D T .

u I
t t u u . t
u T M T u t u I cho chng ti:
t t u u D u L t t u
I t t t: 9 u t t u t .
N t t T u t u t
t L u .

Tt u L t u t u T u
t . L d : u t t t
t t u t u t t
t u . T u t u .

t I t x t t : d u
u u t
d .N u I t t
L u T u H K t 1776 u t
t ( u 13 t u t u t
). T t G W t t : u
T u t
T u tu t u . Mt d
t u d . T t u I
u t t t t t u u
u u t u .

T d I u t t u d
d u d u t t
t t . H u t t du
t t u; t t .
t d I t t t .
 Phn II
m mm mt vn ha ci tin
Phn II: m mm mt vn ha ci tin

Chng 3: Nhn vt trong Kinh thnh

i xa, u i r i ia d i, qua

SD

t t L P z d 11.200 f t
t t E L d t t u . E
u u du t u
I t u u 2 D T : D t M
t E . Hu t D T t u
t t d t t x
t D T u.

u t t t t u K
T : t t D T
t t . M u
du t . Tt u K t
t u u I t
t I .

R t 1986 u K t t u
E L u t 4 I
t t t t t u
I t t .

T t t t u K T t t
t t tt . N t t t 5 t
khc: dnh cho u z t P u u
N M. N u K T t
u u . L u K t t D T
u xut u . T Out d (t d :
 ) : t t u K T u
t u t t t .

Rt u t I t u K T t
u t t .

Mt u u
u d I u t u: Mt
t t d I d I
u ? K 7 t u .
t V u t I ?
u t u d t t t
d D T u d D T
T u u !

T Outside t I t u u t
t u t t : x u t t d
u t .

K u u t I t u t
u tt u u x . Mt u
: D T u t d u t
t u .

Mt u t t : du
I t t
I . d I u u t t
u t xu u t . M t d
I du u t t
. H t J d
t.

T N I d D T u
. T 1891 R u t t u
t D T .

N 1922 22 u t R t t t
I xut t t
d P t . 1943 tt x N t H
u u t t t I : x
H d T t M zd M t u u t t
Israel.
Mt du t: x u u N t
t t t R . K t t i,
L R t I t u t t : t
du

Mt d :L t u t N
t W tD t t
mang ci tn Do Thi: Samson.

T t t I u t t
t t R u t t t
. H u u
chng ti t t u t :
t t t . d t I t
t t t tu t .
u u
u u t .

tu t t u
u t . t t
u d I t t t u .

I u xut u x x
t u t u t R
d I t t t t : t
xut t
u . H xu t t t
d t tu . t xu
t I t t t d t t t
t t I t .

K t t t u t t
u I u t ut 60
u . T t t I t t t 100 t d .
N t t t : I
t t t u t
u t?

N d I t t u t :
Tu u M L t t u t .
t t Tu u u d d
 I t t t . Mt x t 3
t T u u t t d I t
K t t D T tt t . Mt d
D T t t u t t T u u
xt I t t u t Tu u 2
d : t t u t t t t d
t t T u u tu t
t D T .

t I t x u t t x
t t t t t u t
. R t tI
- t du u t d x
t t .

K t t t t u
t x t K T . u
tu t t d u t t
t .T t u Edw d Luttw t
t u u u I u t u
t t 35 tu .

Mt t t u t I
d cng ty Netafim t
t t t t
t . t t
I t t t u u N I t
d t J d G . t t
u t t t 1950 t u t u t t
u t .P t d t u
x x t u u
u t t t 1960 1970. V t N t f
t 100 u V t
N L N wZ d Tu u T L P
Hn u u u N M . d
N t f u I u H t t u
L X V t t t : z j K z t
Uzbekistan.
 d u I t
t : d
t I t d
N I . Mt d M dved
t V t t u
d t u t d . V d
t u d t u t u t
I . M u t u t
t t t u d t u t t tu
t ut t .

T u t t t t u u :
u I t t I t t d t u
x ( d t I t I d :
t t d I t )t t
t d I d t t. T t t
t t I t : t t d t t
d x u t
M d d u t u :
t u t d t t I
ti.

V d M d d u t u
d : T t
T t N .

M d d t d I :
u d t t
I .
Phn II: m mm mt vn ha ci tin

Chng 4: Cc trng i hc Harvard,

Princeton v Yale

ax i y i .
i i u i au

- YOSSI VARDI

t D d t t J u t t
. t t t ut
u u t t t
K I : t t t .

Nu u u u t t o
t t t I t t x
t u u . N u t
u t u t . u t
20 tu t R t t t u
t u t t u I .

Tu u u t t .

H u t t t tt t t u t t
u : u t t u? u t
H u ? u N D ? u t
t t ? u T t ?

Tt I tu 17 u u t u t
Tu u u t : t t
t . u t u
xut: u u .
 du t N D
t 3 . M t t d tu
t u 5 u u t t u
t .

u t u .H t
u t t u u u t t t
t t d 20 t . u tt u
t t u I .K t u L u D
45 tu .

u : u u u t
t u I t t u t
d t t H d P t Y .
N I t u t u t t u t u
u t t t ut .

Mt u t t u t
/ t u ? T u
T 8200 t d u t
t u t t t .

N t t K u t t
u tu d t u t u u . V
t u I t u t du
K u t : T t t
t t ut u d 41 t t
t t 9 t u I .

t T t t u T t u
t u I t R f Et t u t
t xu u u t t t (
t 1973 u).

t T T u t : t
u t t I t u t ut du
u u t t u
t .

t T t t 30
2% t I t
2,000 th t u . Tt t u
u u 2 Vt L T .H t
u tu t u t T t t
t u u .

t u T Vt t t
t u u u t t
; t t T t t u u u
u I . K t ut N D t
km theo trong kha ny.

V T t u t ut u u u
t . M t u t
t T t T t .

Ngoi ra, cc thnh vi

u t . t
u t
t u t t t t d t t u. Mt
: t u t u tu
u t t t : x t
t t t t .

Mt u u t u u t : t
t t u u . V d:
x t t t u t t .
u t t t d u
t u t t t /
t x t t

t T t u 30 t
650 tt . : u t u
u u u t t t ut
u d t t I .

u d I t t N D
t : u t t u u u t
t T t. H T t u t
t x I t
tt t t t t.
 x t t t t u
I u d : t u
u t t u t
u u t u t t
u t tt t.

D t t I : u
t t t xut t t . M t u
d I u .

Shainberg P TG tu t u t t
u : t I d tu
DN t u t . t
t I t t
t ut u t u .

N xt t t : t t
T H t P t t u t t 45% d I
tt t t u t
t t .

t t u u u
u t t u t .T
t t tu .

T I u t
t tu 25 tu tt t . u
x u t t t tu
u t u t tu
.K t t t u
t t t t u u
khc.

I t t u u u .
u t u t d u
t t u .

t t u u t
t t ut t
u t t t tu t u
 u . u t u u tt d
t t t .

t t u t t u
(kiu t ) t t t u t . T t
d I u u t t
t x . H t t .

Mt d H K M G I u
t t x t ; d I
t d t t t tu .

D I t t t u t
t u t . Yu t t t tt t
t d . P D d t :
t u u I u t
t t .

t t u t : t x
I t u u
t u u t t x t t t u
t u. N t u I x
u d . H d u d tu
u t d t t u d
t t t t u .

T H d: 5 t t u t
t t .
T u I t u1 t 2 4
tu . M u t t t : t u
t . K t t
t .

H t t u I t
x u t u
kinh doanh v xy d u u .
I t u t u .

N M d u .H 221 d
M 1 u d ( u u ) t
vi t u t t H K t
t t u H K. H
t t u t u d .

Mt u u T u L H K N t F t
t t f t I u t t K d
H d t H K d t t:
t t u u u
d tt u . H d
t u t t tu t t u u t
.
Phn II: m mm mt vn ha ci tin

Chng 5: Trt t v Xo trn

i i ra u i a minh Do Thi v l
i a i ra i ay.

- AMOS OZ

T t 30 u d u d t u
t d 18 t u t u tt /
d . N t u tt u t
3 d u .
H u I ; 3 u u u
u t u t .

R I t u t t
t :t 1920 t R t t I .

t t 1963 u
u t t M
d t u I
Tu t Y ud G u t.

Tu t I t u
t 2 t u u u . Mt t
u t t u u t u t t .
u I t 6 u . d t
t u d t t I :
thanh nin sau tt u t t u
t 1 t t t u d
t 33 tu .
T t G T t t u t
u u :
H M N u u u u
u t u t t t u . P t
u t I .

t t d t
t I d
t t I t u . T
? M d t t GDP t
u t t H u t
t u 3 u t t t I :
t . u t t L u D u
t u u u t
t t t d t t
u u xut u d .

H u t t u :
H t t t t . V d t u d
t u H u u d
t H du t t t t .

T u I t u t 2 t t
t du : u t t t
t t t t t
t ; u : tu t tt t
t xt t t
t u u tt t.

L t du u t t u
t u t t t t
t t u t t . V t u u t u tt u
u u t u t t u t
. H t t :
t x t u t t t t
t u t t . H t
khc.
 t t t t
u I .K t u t :t
b t t t u .

N t t u I t t t
t tt .

L t du t u u t
t t t G K z t t N u
t t t u t u 2003 t
I . Mt t t I
R u t K u I t t
t .

M d t t u t t
t 1.67 u d t
u t u t . H u N
t . t d u .

V N : u u t t
tu t u . t t
u du u u :
t t x u t . H
t u t . u d t u t
t du t t : t t
t t d t t u t t
t u .

N I t u .

T u u t 6 R t 1967
t d I .I t t t u
t K R t .
t 6 u R t u t t t t . T
t t u u t u
I t u t t t u ut
. H t u t t .

T t 2006 I t u d t H z
khng lm suy u t t t L
t H z t . t u
T t u t u T t I t t u
t u. u t I t u d t 400
H z t t t I t
30; t t t
t t t u I .

Mt t u G E d t 4 u t t
t t : t t t t ;
u t ; u t t
u u; u ttu t . E d
t t du t t t t
.

N t u u t
t . u t
t u t . Mt u t
t u u t t t t u tt T u
t u .

E d xut : u I t t u t
: u t u t t t u t t
.T u I t t u
d d dt u u u
u u t t u tt t t
u t u .

T t u 2006 I t t u u
u u t u t t u
t t t u . T t u u
d u t u
t .P t x .

N x t t
u t t t. T t t t tx
t u u t t t tu . Mt
t t u u t u t
t t t d t u : t u u
t t t u t
t u x u t t t
t x t t t t t .
T : t
t t t t t.

H t : u u
t t
t tu . t u .
. V t u u t
t t.

Mt t t W u R tLt
t u t t t t t
t x t .

K t t t u u
t u t t . t
tt d I . H t u u t
t t t u t t t t t ut
d t . d I t u t
t t x t d .

K u u I n t u t
t u K u T t t u
t d t
t I .

u t x d u d t
I I t du u
t t t t t
t t t u t u .
L t du u t t t u
I t t u.
 Phn III
Nhng khi u
Phn III: Nhng khi u

Chng 6: Mt chnh sch c hiu qu

i i u uy i a r ui
r a i a

Gi SAMUEL APPELBAUM

u u t t I t t t 50 t 60
u u d t t t t t
d u u t t t u . u
u t u u u
t u u t d
u I u u t .

L t I t t u t t t
. u t t u t
t u t t t t t t
t . N t 2
t : 1948 1970 GDP u u
t 4 t d t 3 t u t u
u u t t t 1990 I t
t t t u t t u t .

N u t u d : t
t u t t t d t u
t t t d ;
ut t t t x t
t t tt t.

N u t t t t t t t
xut t t x t I . T t 1880 t
d D T t t t t t t tn l Petach
T T d . H t u t
t t t
xu u t t u u .

N u I t u .T
t ut D T 20 tu t L t D dGu .
T 1906 t D T -Gu . t
Gu tt t t
u t x d I u t
t I .

uT t I P t t u t
d t t .T D T
u x . V Gu t
t 2 d u t u u: t : t
18 D T t P t
t T u D t u
u x . H x d t t u
t D T t u u u P t
.

N Gu t d I t
u u x t I u
P t u t d t P t e. Khng qu kh
u: Gu t D T t x u
u t u t M x u T M N
1917. u t d t I t
t . t ut t d .

T I t t t d t t : xt
u t d t . t t u
D T t u t J u T f d
t t t t
I t t . D T t P t
u .

Hp tc x nng nghip v Cch mng nng nghip Israel

1944 t 4 t I
D T t P t t t t H t x
(t D Thi l Kibbutz), t x t u t
 t u t tu t .H t H
t x tt du t t 20 u 80
d t u 250 D T u.

Tu u t t t d d d :
xu tu t t x HTX t t u
u t u t : t t u
x u u TV
t T t x
t t x t t u
u t t u
t t u u t .

H t t
u t t u t t u
N . u t 1948
I t t u .M
1965 t N t f (t
t u ) t t t
u t u t t t t
.

u t t t
u u t I : d t t
u t h t u t tt
d u. N I u u t t t .

t u du t
95% d t t I t t
I u u t t t t u
t x .

70% d t u x .

D I t t u d
10 u d d
.K d t t
u . K t t u t t
t u t t I .

xut u t u u t u d
t t t t t . Mt t t
 M Tw t t I t t
t d . H t 240 t u t
xut t t u t u Y t
t t t t t t u
t . R Y t t u t t 1932 u u
u t u t t t .

H 4 t u t u 280
tt t
t t u O2 t u u .

C nhy vt ca ngi Israel

H t H t x u t u t t
t t I . d t x t n ha
t d t I t u
t tu xut t tt t. Rt t u t
t t u .

T 1950 1970 t u u u I t
t 25% H K 60%. u tu
d I t t
d M t 20 .

T u u
tt t t t t
t t . Tu t t t
u t u . R
t t
u u u . t t t u
u t u u u t u : t
t t x xut x
d d d

I t d t t
t x x t x t
tt x d u .

: t u u tt I
t t t d t u
t u t t t t t .V
t .T I tu t
t t t t .

u tt t t u t t u t
t t t I t t 1960.
t t t tt.

K t u 6 t 6-6-1967 I
T d G z u G
t d t t 3 t . t
I t t t t : d t u
. u t t t t t d t t
t t t .

V t u t x d t t I t t
725% t 19671968.

Mt thp nin b nh cp ca Israel

Tu 6 u 1973 I u (
t t t ). L u
t. I u u t t t ( 3 000
t t u).

L u d u t
. H t d t . t
hnh I t
ut t t .

Mt t u t t u t :
u t t t . L ut t t
d N N I u t t
t t d u u . t u
u t u t t d t
t ut u d u . t
t I t t t
d t 1973 t 80.

u t t u t t :
t t t t
tu du t d u . I t t
 u t t X V t. K
t . K u t . X t T
u t t t. u t u t T t
t t .

u t 1980 I t u u t: 111% t
1979 t 113% t 1980. 1984 t t
445%. u u u t : u u t T
J u t tt t x x u
t t t t x t t t u t t th gi
t t u. N u t t u t
: d t t
t u d PI. M t t t t
t u . u PI. T t u d PI
t t: t t
t t . N PI d x u t
xut t t .

Con ng khi phc kinh t?

T I t d t I t t u
t . N u t
I t 3t u t u t t u
u t t t t u t . t
d d t t . Hu t t
10 tu u t t d .

T tt tt t d
t . N
M D d u t t t I 1993
t 150 t t t u .

t : u t I t.

1990 t
t t
d t u I t
u. t T P d u u
t t t t N t M
(George Shultz) v chuyn gia k t u t t u t t
F . K t t u t
t t t t .N t I
t t d .
 t t I 3 u t t t: t
t u t t d u t .
Phn III: Nhng khi u

Chng 7: Ngi nhp c

N i i u r i r . qu ia a
i a d a .

GIDI GRINSTEIN

N 1984 u M 16 tu u t t
Et I 17
t .N u t x x
t t .

u D T t .
t u t t J u u t u
ud . Vt u
d 500 d ud t t t u
ud t t . u t
t t t 91 .

u 17 t u 1 t t t t ud
M t d t . t t t u u
u t u. u t u
t Et d t I rael.
t t d M 8 000 Et
D T t t u I . Tu t u 14.

H M N I t t
Et D T u u d u . Hu t d
Et I u t t .
 u d M I t d t
t 14 500 Et D T
. Mt t t t 1 u t Et
I :t E 747 1 122 ( t t
t 760 )! T u 2t .

T u t 90 t 40 Et
D T I . t t u D
T t t u L X V t ( ) u
t u .

N t t u -M f t t T t t
: 2 M t t . H u t
t t t t t: d I t 2 :
T t t t u t .

t t t t t
t 2 H K L P
2 u G (t w t t t
). t N t t
N 6 tu t t T t
t t t t 7
t 10 T t I . T t t -Mofet
t t u d t u t t d
N D T . u t u : t 3
t t ?

t t t u t 1990 L X t
I t t t t
t. N t tt t d t
t N T Vt
L tu t t t u u u i
u .

H t t 7.1 t u d I t 1/3
.D dM W t t L
t t x d u :
t t d d t t u
: x u t t
t t u x . T I u t t
 t t ! I t u 70 d t
u t N D T t t t
.

Mt N D T t I
t N d t t t u u
tt t t t t t :
t . D T .
du t t . N D T N t t
u u u t x u t t d
N . V N d D T 2% t d
30% 20% N D T .

G t 1990 d N D T t
u t d t
t ut t t I t . H
I t t N t .

D u
t u u t u. d t I xut t u
d t . N u t
t. H x xt : d T u xut t t
d u x t t u
t t tu t t t xut
d . t d ? T I t .

. H t d t u. N
t u
u t d t u .

I x d t t t
gip . t t 17 18
19 t M t t
d D T . uT
t II t H K t t t D
T d t t u t du . t
P T . u I t
t t u t t t .
2 u tu 1950
I ut H t D T
 d uD T u u t t .
T t : x xt u t t u
t u d t t.

Hu u I u . u
t I u t : t tt
. t d I u
t u t t d t
.

Mt t t t u t t : u T
II 350 000 R D T u
d u t R . u
I u u R d du t
d 100 000 .

N u 1960 t N u u t t
R D T I
t t t 112 t u d 40 577
D T . t u D T d
: 5 t t t 6 t t . T
t .
t ut u t t t
I tt t t u t .

t u t u
t .
Phn III: Nhng khi u

Chng 8: Cng ng Do thi nc ngoi

Gi i y i a r uy
i G d , i r au i ra.
ia i ii, xuy ui i u Si i .

- ANNALEE SAXENIAN

T t I O 2004 (t t t u t )
CEO John Chambers t u t t tu t t
t t ut u t t u 20 . R ut
t t t t t t t t d d
t I t t. Nu I t t t d
d u t t t ut t t
u t u t t t t
tnh c nhn.

T t d xut t
ut t I O u M ft
d u I t t x .
u t ut t CRS-1 t
u 4 t 500 t u d t du 92 t t t
.

K t t ! N u d ut R -1 t t t t
t (d w d) t T u M
t 4.6 . T u d d t t
82 t .

Mt t t x R -1 l Michael Laor t
D T . t I O 11 tt G
K t ut K t . N 1997 u t u t u
Israel. CISCO khng mu t M t t
t u u t t t u t . V I O
t : M L t t t u t
R&D I O t I t t u t u t t d t
t H K.

L t u t u u u t t t ut t
t u u t t t du
t ? N L u u u u
t t du t I t t t u t u
d t . 2004 t t I O t
router CRS-1 t u t t t
u I t t t . G
2 t u d tu t t
d t u t I O.

2008 I O u t 9d t
t I t t t u
t u t I O u t t
t u t I 150 t u d . u I O
t I tt t t t x
I OTu u I O . P u t u t
M L . u D
T M u t u t t t t
H K t u I O u
t I .

T u u t t t
u t x t M L
d t x t t u u t u
d T u .

T u u u t
t u u t x : t
u u u T u . T u
u I u t t tu t t t t
u t d 3 u
d d t t 2t
qua.
I u t u t u t t u t
1980 t Tu u t u
2000. T t u
t t t ut
H K T u t u
u t t t t t .

u u t x t t u t t
t t t t u I D T
. Tt D T u t t
u t x t u t u
t t :I
t t d t u t t
t tt .

N I t t d D
T t x t u t t
.

Mt d I x d K u
H D d t .

u u t t t u t d H K
D T w t g khng Trans
W d M t 1940 t u
x d t K u I H
K.

K t t t t u
uT II t t t t u u x .
t t t 1950 : t d t u
u u t I t
u .K
u I t u d d
t d .

T d t t -Gu I t H K u t
1960 w t t .K t
P t t t t t u I . t
T t t t
K u I t f H K. t -Gurion
 t
I t t d u t u u
u t t
K u d d I .

5 u t t w tt
tu d t I u t u D
T u I t u u u.
Phn III: Nhng khi u

Chng 9: S thm nh ca Warren Buffett

i i a a r ii
i ra

- EITAN WERTHEIMER

t u t M ft u
t t t t tt .
Y M t u T u t R&D t G t t H f
I t u . t 10 tu u t
H z xu t H f 2006.

Y t u T t d
t t G .T
t t t x
.Y t P T t t
tt u u u I G
I u t I M.

Y u I t t d
t x d t d G : xut
t t t . M d t t t t
u t d u t u t G
xut u t t t
1 . (V d: t G t
xut ND.)

t t 2006 G t M ft u t
t u t t I . tu
I : M ft t G d 2 t tu
 t t u t t t t
d I t tt t u t u t xut t I .

u u t 1 t t I t ut 2
W uff t u . N u t t M
J u I u t t t
u t : u t t u t t
u t d M t
t I . T t t t xu
t u . N
u t : t . T t t 2000
2005 t u t t t FDI I t 3
t t t t u
t . L d : u t t
W uff t u t t d t
I t t t t
. d I t u
d u u . u uff t t I
( t d I u t t u ) :
d N u P t t I t t t
I L du H z t t t
t t t t.

G t I t t u
t t t
d u t . K t t o
u t I t t d t t
t u u t . t
t t t t t t
I .

Is t t d I
d t t u u
u t u t. d I x t t d
t t x t t
u t u u t
t t u t tu u t :
W uff t t G M ft
 u t t
u t u
d I t D F
I t I . t H L t
u x u t u 10 tu . u tt H
K t ut I D u t M
t u t t ut u u. H tt t t
f D F u I t t
t u t I t ti qu nh.

N 1973 I t t u t t t t
t I t I t t ut
R&D t . tu t R&D I t t I t
tu t t H K. T u
I t I x P t u d t I M.
I t t t x u t t t 1990
t 1. I t I
x d xut tt t t
u t d d . D F t u t
I t t t t t .

1991 u V V I x Kuw t.
dd Hu tu : u H K u t
t t I t . dd
t u . T ud I T
d 10 t. Mt t t d I .
T t F : u t I t
I t t t t t d I M u
I t d t u t 70%.

u u d I F
t x d t u
t : d t t t
t t . d t u t ut
t t t I t I t t
u tu . u u d I
t d . I u
d t d I t
nh.
Ngy 17-1-1991 F t u I
t :I t I
t t t . Tu u
t u t.
18 t 75% t t
t . N u .
d t .

T t d I : t t t
t t I t . N I t t
ch t t u t L 2006
t d W uff tt : t x
t t t :d xu u u
x t t u ut t .

N t d t t u t d I
t u t : t d D T
t t . t u d
t u . D F .
Phn III: Nhng khi u

Chng 10: Chng trnh Yozma

i u i a i r a d
r au r i, a .
i , a u i d a
a a ra , a i r r a, a
.

- ORNA BERRY

t O t t t t
32 t u . t t t t t
.P t t t t t
t . O d t u
t x t t t
u . L t du u u
t t t u u u t
t I u t tt 1995.

N t d u d
t ; 1995 t
u : t d u u u /u t t d
I . t t t u u t u
I t t t t Y z .

Mt d I t O tD t u t t u
u t T t t 1992.
x d d u t u: t
t t L N t t u t d u I t t
t t u t d t t
u u u d t . G L N
d t t t 50 . V
 O t t t K t I . u
H K t t t :
u t u t t t t
. N u u t : I
t t u: t d u u t x
x t t . u u t I
t t M. d
chu u, u t I .

d I t du t t u: xut
t u u t t x
d ? L u t
u ?L u ? L
x t t ? M t t ? . u u
t t t t.

T t u t ( tu t t
u: t u t d t
t t u t t u t
t tu u d t t t ut u
) t t 1980 t I 2 t t :
d t I t V
K t t t t u u
t t d u t d
d I H K t x t t t u N u
P tt H ( IRD). u d 2 u
I H K t t t d
t t 500 000 1 t u d t 2-3 t u
t t t t d d t .

u IRD t t t d H K
t u t u t t t I t
. N t t x
t t t t t
.K t t u t t t
d t t
I . Mt u IRD t d I
t d t t t H K. T u t
t IRD u d I t
tt x t t H K. N t
d H K I t t t t t
u t t t tt t
t tt . T 1992 IRD t 60% d
I t t t d N wY
75% t t N D .

u t H K u t t u
t t u I t .

u t 1990 I t
t : 1 t u N D T
u L X V t . V t
x t. t t t t u . 3
N t 1 t
: t ut u t I
t tt t. N u d
tu t u tt t t
.

t
24 t
d N I t d
u u t t d t . M
t u t d t ut t t :
t t t . M t
t g 300,000 dollar.

Tu t t t R&D ( u t 24
u u t u u)
tt t / t t t . I t :
u t t t t
t t t tt d
/t .

t t Y z . t t
u t Y z t I t
u t t . t u
I : t 10 u u t t
100 t u d u d 3 t t t t
u t I ; t u t I
t t u t .
 u t t u t u t I t
t u t t d t thm
12 t u d t t u Y z t 8 t u. N
d t u t t t
: t 40% u
u5 u u t t .N
t t t d t
t u u t . u t u t
ngoi.

T t Y z tu t t D
T u u t u u
t T u . H t t t t t
t t u t u
u t. N t Y z t t x t
d u t.

O t D t u t T t t d
u t t . K u d d t
u t u t t
u t t d .

T 10 u u t 100 t u d 1992 1997

t t t u 200 t u 10 u
u 3 t d u t t t d
Israel tt u d t . t t
u t t u tt
t I . t u u
t t M t u tt 200 t u d .

H u t M I t: t t I
45 u u t t ut Y z t t
u d N t H u d ut t
t
t Y z .

N t M W t t t t
t t t u t u u t
cng n H K u u u.
Y z u t t I t
t t t 1990. Tu
2000 t u u
t : t u t ( u
t t t t t)
t I d t t
u u t .

N d u tu t I
u t u t :t
d I t u t
t t u t t u d
t I t u tt u
t tu t t t t
t .

u u u t t 5 20% t
t u u t u t d 1-2%. N 2003
t t N t u t t u
ph u t t x 4 000
t t u . t t
/d t u t t :
u t t u

V t u u N t
u t t I t xut t t t du
t .

t t u ut 6% u u
t / u t I u t u
u t u t t .
t t tu t u t N t u.
t KP u t d
u t t I d u
t N w Y T .

N t t t tu I u u t
u t t u t / t u t
t t u u . u
d t t t u
thanh nin ny. V sau c t t t u
t t t W t t t t
I .
 Phn IV
ng c ca t nc
Phn IV: ng c ca t nc

Chng 11: S phn bi v c hi

a a a a ra r y ay D i
a R i a ar d Gau , i 2 yu y
u ra i ri .

YOSSI VARDI

T ut u t t t t
t t t t u t
t t t u I d u t
d t t t I .
V t u t t
t xut t t ut I
t t .

N t t tu t u
u I : t
u t u t t t u 1
t t t t. H t u u t .

P t t u H K u T
II: t M d t
L X t t u t ut 1
1957. u M t t t . H u
t d t t t t u T
.K d t t t 900 t u d
t ut G d u ( t 6 t).

N t t t u L X
Lu N G t t t u t N u
P t t (R&D) t d . u 10 N
 t t Mt T . K u
t M t u : t
d t t t I t t tt t t
t d t ut 1 L X.

I t u t t t H K t t
ut 1 t : t t u 6
1967 D G u d I t
.

D G u N t P t t
u uT t t t P ( t 1959
1969). u I tu d G u t t
t I t P
thn t t. P u u t t t u I u
u t I t t
u t .

L u I t u t u u t
t t tt u t xut. N t
5/1950 H K P t t Tu
u T u .

T u u u t I t u t t
t xut . t t t t
t H K t t (t u
t ) xut . 1955 L X t Tu
t t t 250
t u d .P t L X t I
u I u z P (
u u t 1956).

T 10 u P I t u t
u tt t t t. P u x t
u t . t 2-6-1967
3 t I t t d
G u tu dt u u
I . u t u T u
t t u P :
 u t t t u P P
u t t R .

H t u t 1967 d
G u P u .

N d G u t 1969 G P d u
t t d G u . x t MX
M u I d I
t t t u u t I :
L . P t tu I .

V I t t: d u u u
t . K u I t
w t t T
t t u M .
t u d u u t P I . H K u t
P t t u I .

N u P I
u t u u t t
xut x t u u u
t .T tu t t I
u L H K.
x t M N (t u M e).

N t tu u u t t x
t ut. Mt t t t
I t xut t
t ( L d
t t V V 1991 t d t
u u t I ). T t 1988
t t t ut u I 10 u
t t t u t
xut L .T I x d t
u u .
t t d t u u H K
I t t 1982 u t 1986 u
M u I .
V u t u 2 t tt.
Yossi Gross, t t u xut L
t: t t t F-16
H K d t t .

V u P d G u I t
t N u P t t t t ut u t t
I t t t t tt
t. V u t t: t
t u x t d
t t t . d G u
t R .
Phn IV: ng c ca t nc

Chng 12: T u chp qu tn la n

thit b y khoa

Qu i ra , i K qu , d
x ua i y ay i u a ra i
i x j a ( ff-r ad), r iu iu i
nhau.

- YUVAL DOLAN

Hy so snh: K H K t d 4 u t
t t . t t t t
2 d d
t t d t t : d
t t t
t u u t d u t t t
u .

N M u t t t t d
K . Yu u t :t ut
x t u u .

N I t : u ;
d u t t I
t t t t u t t u H K. u
I ut t 4 u. u
t u I t u u
.

Hu I t .P
t u t ut: t t d t
 u t t t u d t t u
u d t t

T K I t u t t : G
Idd . u t t u t u t
t t t u. u u x d
t t t xut t u t u : t t t
t t t t u t t t
t t t t t .
u t : t
t 1 t u u t t t u d
t 1 t u ? N Idd t
u t t t x d d t
G I 1998.

t t t t G I tt t
u t t u W t tt 2001. N
2004 t 100 000 P ( t t
t u ). 2007 t 700 000.

u u u t
u t ut d t d I .N
t t u t t u
I t : u t
t t u d t u d t . Tt t
ch P tt .

T 1t t t u
u d u t d d
I . T t u t t tu t . L i
d d t
u u t t u t u
Israel.

Rut t d I t: u t t
t u t d . t
t K u I
t Vt L Y K Kt u u u u t
d d t u t t t ng
u d t t O2.
 t t u d u
d t t I d t
t .
Phn IV: ng c ca t nc

Chng 13: Gio dc v o to

ai a u i a i d r
i i ra i d d a i

FADI GHANDOUR

E M t t t t
u t . t t H t x
I u u u t u
t L 2006. G H K t T t
t u u t t d
. Lu t t I
I t t
M t d d ( ng
t u t u .) W t u D d
Ben-Gu u t u u T .

1993 M t t T t
J u t t : t tt d
t t u t t u t t
t tu t T (
tu t d t I J u .) t
x d u u t J u t u
tt t Y z ( t t ).

R 1994 u J u t u t t t u d t
t u t t t
t t d t H K T
: F T P t I f
t t R ut MIT u
d u t d
 t t u t IPO ( t
u u t ) d
u t I .

N 2007 u J u t F x t 69
t u u t tt t t t u. Rt u M
t t M t.

N t I d
d u t t . Hu t t t u t
t u J u u M t t
P T N t ut M d t t
t t ut .T u M t u
t t t ut
t ut t t t t
t t t . K u u
Maabada, anh c x d t x t t
t tu u t Px .

J u t t t
u t. H t t t ut a Margalit
t t G M P t K d
H d t t t d t x t t t
u u t u t x t t
quan tm.

t x t t t u t I u
t u t u t u.

M t t t d I t
t d : t d t t
du t d t u u
u u t t t t
t t t ( t u ).
K d t t . Tt t
t u t t u d u
t u t u t t
.N t t t h kinh
doanh.
N t J t t t t t t Built
to Last ( x d t t ): u r i d a ,
i x r a i i d a , i
r r . y i i r y
, i i .

u t t I t t x d t
t : t t
Israel u u t .

t I t u t t t
t d t . d t t
u t t t t t J u
(t 1918 t t I t .) G
W z d t u t t
( xut t ) t t t
u t t t t t u t t t u
u I d t t t t u x d
tt t t .N t t u t u t t d t
tu t t .

u t 1950 d I 2 t u t
4 t u t t T (
t t .) T u
t x I 8 t 27 t 4
t I t TOP 150 t d u t 7
t t TOP 100 u uT d . Tt u
t t u u t I u t
/ t t .

I t t
t : 10 000 d t 109
. N d t
t ut. t u t
u t du t t t t t . Tt u
t t t R .

Mt t t u t t x .
I t u t d t x t t
x t R . u
t d u u t t t
tu u u .
Phn IV: ng c ca t nc

Chng 14: Cc nguy c e da s thn k

kinh t ca Israel

N t I t t . V t t
t t d t
t u d t t t t u
I t t. L u t u t
d t ? u u d t t t
t I ?

N 2000 tu . N 2001
u t t t I d .T
: t u t 1990
t N u I .K
xut u I u tu t
18.1 t d t 2008. Xt u t
t t 2000 t t
2008 u t I ( t
t d t u t t
H K u u u
t u t.) u t t t t I
t d: t t d
x d t t 5:1 ( 1 u
u t 5 ND), trong khi
t M t / u 26:1 t u u
61:1. Mt t t I E t :
I x t M x t
t .X t t t d t u u t
t x t .

T tt I : d t t d u
. Tu t t t : t
t u d u t I
t I
t . N u t
 . Nu t t t u u t t t u d
t I .

Mt u : xut I t u u u t
t xut u. H t GDP t t
u u M u . K t u
d I t t t . T t
t u t t R t t .
t IPO t u - d
t u t u t u .

u
d tt t.
N t 2008 2009 I u 2
t d I t t u u . Tt xu t
u u : t t t u
Iran n t t t . V tu I t
t u d t I .

tt t I u : t
t t u t t t u
t t . H t t t t : t
d t t . V u t
t t t .
Trc khi kt thc cun sch tuyt vi ny

Kt lun: Nhng nng dn lm k thut cao

r i iu

SHIMON PERES

t t t P t P t t
85 tu . t t D T u
u d t t t t
u t t t I .

N t u K t D
. t P t t
c d d t u
I . M d u t d
.

t t H t x
t t t t 25
u t t t t 17 ;
t t . u t t 95%
t 5% .

u P d I
t . T t t
xut . tt t t
I t 2005 t I t TOP 10 u
xut t t t u.

P d t t N u P t t
t t u t t I d u t t t GDP
d u R&D. u t
d tt .

Mt d t u d
t
t t t
t
. t d t ut .
u t t t d t u
u t .

t I t u
t t u
t u t d t D T .

P a ra i ,
d y a i i . r a , y r
qu i ; r r a . i ay i i ay
i, .

t t t u u t t t
d t I : u t t t
t t d v
t t tt t d : u
u t .

K t t u I t t
t R&D t t d . d thnh cng
t : I t t
t u t t . u
t t t u t .

d t t t t
u x ; t
u d . T t d
u t x I .T t nh doanh
.

T d t u
t . d t t u
: t t t I el,
u t d t t . H
 t x d t t u t R&D t I . u
t t u .

u t t d u t t t t
t t d t xut t t . P d
t .

T t P T t I I
u t t u u
t t u .
 About the Authors

Dan Senor, adjunct senior fellow for

Middle East studies at the Council on
Foreign Relations, has been involved
in policy, politics, and business in the
Middle East. As a senior foreign
policy adviser to the U.S. government,
he was one of the longest-serving
civilian officials in Iraq, for which he
was awarded the highest civilian honor
by the Pentagon. He also served as a Pentagon adviser to Central Command
in Qatar and as a foreign policy and communications adviser in the U.S.
Senate. He has studied in Israel and at Harvard Business School and has
traveled extensively throughout the Arab world. In his business career, he
has invested in a number of Israeli and American start-ups, and today is with
a New York d t t fu d. t
frequently published by the Wall Street Journal; he has also written for the
New York Times, the Washington Post, the Weekly Standard, and Time. Mr.
Senor lives in New York City with his wife and two sons.

Saul Singer is a columnist and former editorial

page editor at The Jerusalem Post. Historian
Michael Oren called his book Confronting Jihad:
I tu d t W d ft 9/11.
d t d f
expert, t t d t M dd E t. H
written for the Wall Street Journal, Commentary,
Moment, the New Leader, bitterlemons.org (an
Israeli/Palestinian e-zine), and the Washington
P t t t P tG . f
moving to Israel in 1994, he served as an adviser
in the United States Congress to the House Foreign Affairs and Senate
Banking Committees. Mr. Singer lives in Jerusalem with his wife and three
daughters.