Sanitary Engineering

Part 2
Wastewater
Pump Station

Dr. Walid Hamdy

1- Introduction:
-Pumping stations in sewage
collection systems, also called lift
stations () , are normally
designed to handle raw sewage that
is fed from gravity pipe, when the
excavation depth ( ) of
sewerage system exceed 6.0 or 7.0
m.
- Sewage is fed into and stored in an
underground pit (), commonly
known as a wet well () .
-The well is equipped with electrical
pump to detect the level of sewage
present.
- When the sewage level rises to a
predetermined point, a pump will be
started to lift the sewage upward
through a pressurized pipe system
called a sewer force main () ,
from where the sewage is discharged
to a the wastewater treatment plant
or to gravity manhole.
2- Purpose of using Pump station :
a- To avoid excess cost of excavation.
-
b- Difficult maintenance at deep depth.
-
c- Difficult installation in the presence of ground water.
-
d- Difficult installation in the presence of buildings adjacent to the project area.
-

3- Type of Pump station :

Wastewater pumping stations in general fall into two types:
a- Wet well/dry well
b- Submersible
a- Wet well/dry well:
The pump station is
consists of 2 separates
well:
i- Wet well: in which the
wastewater is collected.
Ii- Dry well: in which the
pumps is installed, and is
called Pump Room.

The pump could be circular

or rectangular in shape,
and it is used is case of big ( )
)discharge (> 300 L/sec

:
( )
- :

.
- :





( 300/).
) ( Pump Room
b-Submerged Pump Station: Pressurized Pipe

Submerged pump station (Force Main)

is consists of only Wet
well in which the
wastewater is collected,
and the pumps is
installed.
It has a circular shape
and is used small Valve
discharge ( 300 L/sec) Chamber

: Gravity
Pipe


Wet
Well

300 (
)/
(
Electrical
)
Pump


3- Design Pump station:
a- Total head of pump:
)HT= Hs (static) + hf (friction) + hm (minor Losses) + hp (Losses in Pump room
Where:
= )- Hs (static
= )- hf (friction

4 fLv2
hf Darcy equation
2 gd
= f
( 0.01 0.008 )
() = L
(/) = v
( 9.81/g =)2
() = d

= )- hm (minor losses
%15 - %10
= )- hp (losses in pump room
5-2
b- Volume of sump:
i- Maximum Retention Time (R.T.max) = 30 minutes
.
ii- Minimum Retention Time (R.T.min) = 5 - 10 minutes

.
Sump Capacity (V) = Qmax * R.T.min
Check:
R.T.max = V / Qmin (Should be less than 30 minutes)

For circular wet well/dry well pump station:

Area of wet well = 1/3 * total area
Area of pump room = 2/3 * total area

Total area (AT)

Area of wet Sump (Aw)

Area of pump room (Ap)
= Total Area/3
= Total Area * (2/3)

iii- Depth of water (d) 2.0 m

 iv - Distance between invert level of inlet pipe and maximum water level
in sump = 30 50 cm
v- In wet well/dry well pump station the center line of pumps is below the
minimum water level by 50 cm, to prevent pumps preparation.
While in submerged pump station, the pumps is installed in the sump
below the minimum water level by 1.0 m
50
.
1

c- Pumps arrangements:
i- Distance between pump center line = 1.5 2.5 m
2.5 1.5 =
ii- Minimum number of pumps = 3 (1 working + 1 stand by +1 spare)
iii- Maximum discharge of one pump should not exceed 300 L/sec
iv- Maximum head of pump 90 m
v- Number of working each pump per hour = 4 6 times
6 - 4 =
d- Design criteria of force main () :
The pipeline which receives wastewater from a pumping station and conveys
it to the point of discharge is called a force main, and will be designed as
pressure pipe according to the following design criteria:
- Qd = Total discharge of working pumps at the same time= A x v
- v = 0.6 2.0 m/s
- Minimum = 100 mm
Wet well/dry well
Dry Well
Wet Well

AW = Area of wet well
AP = Area of dry well
AT = Total area
Ad
Inlet gravity pipe

Aw

Aw = (1/3) * AT
Ad = (2/3) * AT

AT Force main

Figure 1: Relation between Total Area and Wet Well Area and Pump Room Area


= 30-50 cm High water level

2.0 m

a

Figure 2: a- Depth of water (d) 2.0 m

b- Distance between invert level of inlet pipe and maximum water level in sump = 30 50 cm
 Force main

Wet Well
Inlet gravity pipe
Dry Well


High water level

Low water level

50 cm
Pump center line

Figure 3: In wet well/dry well pump station the center line of pumps is below the minimum water
level by 50 cm
 Wet Well

High water level
Inlet gravity
pipe Low water level

1

Submerged pump

Figure 4: The pumps is installed in the sump below the minimum water level by 1.0 m or according
to factory instruction
 Wet Well
Valve chamber

L/2
Inlet gravity pipe
L=1.5-2.5 m

L=1.5-2.5 m

L/2

Force main
Submerged pump

Figure 5.a: Distance between pump center line for submerged pump station
 Dry Well

Wet Well

L/2

Inlet gravity pipe L=1.5-2.5 m

L=1.5-2.5 m

L=1.5-2.5 m

L/2

Force main

Figure 5.b: Distance between pump center line for Wet well/dry well pump station
4- Example:
It is required to design a circular wet well/dry well pump station, and the force main
which deliver the collected wastewater to WWTP. Given the following data:
Qmax = 520 L/sec Qmin = 100 L/sec
Ground level at pump station = + 1.00 m
Level of inlet gravity pipe = - 2.00 m
Length of force main up to WWTP = 8.0 km
Ground level at WWTP = + 6.00
Water level in the first tank in the WWTP is above ground by 4.00 m.
f = 0.008
Solution:
a- Design of Pump station volume:
- Qmax = 520 l/s x 60/1000 = 31.2 m3/min
- Qmin = 100 l/s x 60/1000 = 6 m3/min
- R.T.min = 5 minutes (at Qmax)
- V = Qmax x R.Tmin = 31.2 m3/mim x 5 min = 156 m3
- Check for retention time at minimum flow
R.T. = V/Qmin = 156 m3/ (6 m3/min) = 26 min < 30 min
- Take depth of water (d) = 2 m
Awet = V/d
= 156 m3/ 2 m= 78 m2
- Awet = 1/3 * At At = 3 * Aw = 3 x 78 = 234 m2
- AT = 2 /4
234 = 2 /4 = 17.26 = 17.5 m
Total diameter of pump station () = 17.50 m

b- Design of pumps:
- Assume number of working time of pump = 6 times/hours
Discharged volume each times =
(Volume of wastewater) / (number of working time of pump)
= 156 m3 / 6 times = 26 m3
Time of pump working = 60 minutes/ 6 = 10 minutes
Each pump will work 5 minutes and stop 5 minutes
Discharge of pump = (Discharged volume each working times) / (Pump working time)
= 26 m3 / 5 minutes = 5.2 m3/min = 86.67 L/sec = 90 L/sec
Choose 6 pump each of 45 L/sec
(4 working pump + 2 stand by)
5 5 / 90 (
)
c- Design of force main
Q= Av = Total discharge of working pumps at same time = 2 x (45 L/sec) = 90 L/sec
Q design = 90 L/sec = 0.09 m3/sec
Assume v = 1 m/s
A = Q / v = (0.09 m3/sec) / (1 m/sec) = 0.09 m2
A = 2 /4
0.09 = 2 /4 = 0.338 m ~ 350 mm
Actual Area of force main = 0.3502 /4 = 0.096
Actual V = Q/A = 0.09/0.096 = 0.9 m/sec

d- Pump Head:
HT= Hs + hf + hm + hp
Hs = ,
10 = 6 + 4 = =
 =
= 50 (
( 2)
= (4.50 - = 2 0.5 )2.00 -
Hs = 10 (- 4.50) = 14.50 m
hf = (4fLv2) / (2gd) = (4 x 0.008 x 8000 x0.92) / (2 x 9.81x 0.35) = 30.19 m
hm = 10% of hf= 0.1 x 30.19 = 3.019 m
hp = 2 m
HT= Hs + hf + hm + hp = 14.5 + 30.19 + 3.019 + 2 = 49.709 = 50 m
References:
-1 . . -

-2 . .
.
-3 . . . -
Sewerage System -4 . . . -
Sewerage System Disposal & treatment -5 . -

Urban Drainage and Sewerage -6 . -

-7
.
8- Haestad Methods, Wastewater Collection System Modeling and Design, first
edition (2004).
9- Terence J. McGhee. "Water Supply and Sewerage" sixth edition, McGraw-Hill
international edition. Civil Engineering Series.
10- United States Environmental Protection Agency; Collection Systems Technology
Fact Sheet Sewers, Conventional Gravity