You are on page 1of 15

7-9 1382

:
.

.
) (
.

surfer .
DOS Windows .

1

.

.

.

.
.
.

2

. .

. .


.
.
.
1 .
.
2

. .
3 4 5 6
7 ).(1

1 )(Bickel, 2000

1 - 3


.
.

.

30 ).(Bickel, 2000
.
55
2 . A
. C
B
. D
134/3 . D A C
.
) (C 2150 1075 15
60 50 ).(Robert, 1990
2700
75 70 ).(1376


. 100 200

100 ).(Trotter, 1982


).(Bickel, 2002
80 65 95
410 370 470 .

2 - 3


.
.
10 54
10 54 1 5 ).(BSI, 1992
.
) (IES 54 ) 5 (
. 600 108
).(Bickel, 2000
) (AASHTO 54
) .(Bickel, 2000
%70 .
).(Bickel, 2000
) (C. I. E
2 5 )( 0/88 1/46 47 78
).(BSI, 1992
%70 %20
1 .
1 .


.
1 )(Bickel, 2000

- -
)(IEC 15 24 54 108
)(AASHTO 15 54
14 22/5 47 78
)(C. I. E

3 - 3


.
.
.


.
).(Bickel 2000


.
2 ).(Robert, 1990
4




. 3000
55 . 55
. 3000 55
.
. 1
) .(BSI, 1992 3
1 1000 .
3 330 110 .
2 .
2


3000 1
1000
330 2
110
55 3
55 4

5

.

1 - 5

3 1 ):(Meshkov, 1981
d a = (H h)cotan l )(1
:
= da
= H
= h 1/22 .
= l 10 .
3 ).(1378

2 - 5

):(1378
a
= Lt ds )(2
h-a
:
= Lt
= a 30 .
= h 1/22 .
= ds 3 .

3 - 5

):(1378
Ls = (Vs ta ) d a )(3
:
= Ls
= Vs
= ta 8 .
= da ) (1 .

4 - 5


:
Ltr = Ls Lt )(4
Ltr .
1 .
3
3 ).(1378

48 60 50
72 90 65
100 137 80
132 200 95
150 230 105
170 260 110
190 290 120
212 320 130

5 - 5


.
.

6
.


.

.

1 - 6

.
.
DOS
DOS) Windows (Windows .
.
Sepand .
Surfer Surfer Grid.exe,
Topo.exe, Surfer.exe .
2 - 6

) ( 5
1 2 3
.
1-2-6

. 4
xy X
. .

) (
.
3d
3d ) .(4

.
4 w d
x y Nx Ny
:
x = 3d
[11]:
y =0
x = 3d
[1,Ny]:
y =W
x = 4d
[Nx,1]:
y= 0
x = 4d
[Nx,, Ny]:
y =W
M i x J
y :
d
)x = 3d + (j 1
N x 1 )(
M[i, j]: w
)y= ( i 1
N y 1

.
4

2-2-6
-

d
) .(5

3-2-6

. 6
.
4-2-6

. 4
.
.
.

) .(7

6 S M
A
8 1 :
] xA = x[i, j] - x [1
)(
] yA = y[i, j] y[1
4


0 0
10 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
90 0
0 10
10 10
0 0
0 0
0 0
90 10
0 20
10 20
0 0
0 0
0 0
90 20
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 180
10 180
0 0
0 0
0 0
90 180
1 A :
x A2 + y 2A )(
= arctan
h )(
y
) = arctan( A
xA

h 1 .
A ij .
4 .


.
5-2-6
1 A ] :[7

Fu Fm Fab I
=E cos 3
h2
:
= E
= I
= h
= -
= Fu
= Fm
= Fab

.

. 3d

.
7

8 1 A
7
:
)(H
)(Vs1
)(Vs2
1/22 1/14 .
-
)(W
)(L
)(Fu
)(Fm
)(Fab
x )(Nx
y )(Ny
.
.
:
.


x y
) (10 ) (d
.
.

.

.
.

.
Surfer .
.
.
8
( 1366)
( 1372) .

( 1376)
( 1378)
Bickel, John O. Kuesel, T. R. (2000) Tunnel Engineering Handbook Van Nostrad Reinhold
Co.
British Standard BSI (1992) Road Lighting. Part 7. Code of Practice for the Lighting of
Tunnels and Under Passes.
Meshkov, V. V. (1981) Fundamentals of Illumination Engineering Mir Publishers, Moscow.
Roberts, A. (1990) Underground Lighting in Mines, Shafts and Tunnels The Technical press
Ltd. London.
Trotter, Donald A. (1982) The Lighting of Underground Mines Trans Tech. Publications.

You might also like