SAFE

SAFE

Construction Specification Institute CSI

California Berkeley

Slab Analysis by the Finite Element

Method

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 ETABS

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CSI DETAILER

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CSI DETAILER

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SAFE

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9
 SAFE
.1

!What SAFE Can Do

1.1 :
) (SAFE
.
:
)) .(Two- way Slabs .(1.12.1
) (Flat Slabs ) . .(2.12.1
)( )...(Ribbed Slabs
) .(3.12.1
) ...(Waffle )Slabs
.(4.12.1

11
 SAFE
.1

).(Spread Footings
)) ...(Base mats .(6.12.1
).(Combined Footings
:
Rectangular or circular slabs :
T-Beam Effects :T
) 1.12
:(1.13

Slabs subjected to any number of vertical load cases and combination :

Pattern live loads :

Foundation Uplift :
:
Slab reinforcing :
calculated based on user-defined design strips
.
Deflections calculated using cracked section analysis
Flexural and shear design :
of beams
Punching shear ratios :

12
 SAFE
.1

Design for twisting moments :

Wall :
supports with out-of-plane bending stiffness

) (ETABS
)
(.

Modeling terminology 2.1 :

) (Objects
) (Physical Members ) Finite

(Elements ) (Elements
) (Stiffness Matrix .


) (Mesh

13
 SAFE
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Coordinate system 3.1 :

) (X , Y , Z ).(1.1

Y
X

1.1

).(2.1
) (X , Y
) (Z .

14
 SAFE
.1

Structural Objects 4.1 :

)( )( )(object

Z
Y

2.1 .

)
( .
:
.1 ):(Points

...
.

15
 SAFE
.1

column )
(supports ) (point loads ) point

.(displacements
.2 ):(Lines
) (
(wall supports ) (beams )
) .(line loads
.3 ):(Areas

(surface )loads (soil )supports (drop )panels

.
:1


.

5.1Properties :
) (Assign
.

16
 SAFE
.1

.
) (
.
) (releases
) (point restraints
.
.

Supports 6.1:

. :
Column supports for assignment to :
point objects
Wall supports for :
assignment to line objects
Soil supports for assignment :
to area objects

).(spring elements

17
 SAFE
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Static Load Cases 7.1 :

.

:
.1 ).(Dead Load
.2 ).(Live Load
.3 ).(Pattern Live Load
.4 ).(Static Earthquake Load
.5 ).(Wind Load
.6 ).(Snow Load
.7
).(Vary Independently Load

) (
.

.

18
 SAFE
.1

Vertical Loads 8.1 :

) 13 14 15 7.3.2 (
) .(Z


) .(torsions
.

:
).(Dead Load
).(Superimposed dead load
).(Live Load
).(Pattern Live Load
).(Snow Load

Lateral Load Effects : 9.1

19
 SAFE
.1

) .(out-of- plane behavior
) (diaphragms
) (assign, loads ).(displacement
) (suspended slabs

.



) (nonlinear iterative solution
.

Load Combinations 10.1 :

.

Design Procedures 11.1 :

20
 SAFE
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.
.
:
.1 the design code

.2 the design method and strength

reduction factors
.3
Load Combinations

.4 X- and Y- design strips for the slabs

) ... 5.2.6 (.
Modeling Techniques : 12.1
Two-Way Slabs 1.12.1 :


.

) (mesh ).(area objects

21
 SAFE
.1

) (isotropic or orthotropic
)
(
.
:2

(One )vertical and two rotational
.
Flat Slabs : 2.12.1

.
) (drop panels .
.


.

22
 SAFE
.1

) (area objects ).(thick plate
Ribbed Slabs : 3.12.1

.


)(ribbed
.


) (T
) (flange .
Waffle Slabs 4.12.1 :

) (waffle slab joists
.
) (drop panels .

23
 SAFE
.1

.

) (T .
Slabs with Discontinuities : 5.12.1

) (Releases
.

: 6.12.1
Mat Foundations and Footings
:
) (thin plats
).(area objects
) (thick plats ) (
.

) (punching shear .

24
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Beam Types 13.1 :

) (T
) (L ... ) (2.1.14.1.

The Analysis 14.1 :

The Analysis Model 1.14.1 :
Slab Analysis 1.1.14.1 :

) (support elements
) (isotropic or orthotropic .
:
1 ).(XY
2
) (2 ) (1.12.1.
3
.

25
 SAFE
.1

4
) (X- direction bending) (X ) (Y
).(twisting
5 ) (XY
.
6
) (mesh points .
Beam Analysis 2.1.14.1 :
1

.
2
.
3 ) linear elastic

.(beam theory
4
).(XY

26
 SAFE
.1

5
) .(mesh points
) (T ) ( .

Support Analysis 3.1.14.1 :

1
) .(linear elastic spring elements

.
2 :
3 )
.(One vertical and two rotational
4 .
5 .
6 .
Linear Static Analysis 2.14.1 :
.

) (.

27
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.1

(F )= K .
:
{ F } = [ K ] .

:
} {F .
] [ K ) (.
.
.
Nonlinear Analysis 3.14.1 :
1.3.14.1 :
Nonlinear Analysis for Uplift


.

.

28
 SAFE
.1

) (original stiffness and corrective load vectors
.

Nonlinear Analysis for Cracking 2.3.14.1 :

.
) (true deflections
) (9.5 )(ACI 318-95
) (effective stiffness
.


).(long-term deflections

. :
1 ) (.
2 .
3
. .

29
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.1

4 .
(gross- )section 5
).(X, Y
6 .

).(displacements and cracked deflections

.
.

Design Techniques 15.1 :

.
.
) (simple layering system

.

30
 SAFE
.1

Slab Flexural Design : 1.15.1

) (mesh
.

.


.

Design Strips 2.15.1 :

...(three )layers

.
) (X , Y


.

... ) (3.4 .

31
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.1

Program Schematic
.

DXF CSI
DWG

32
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.1

33
 SAFE
. 2

Icons and Toolbars

Main Window 1.2 :

)(Windows
) (Options ) (1.2
.

.

..
).(2.2
)(Customize
.

34


SAFE

35


. 2

)(1.2
 SAFE
. 2

1
2
3
4
5
6

7 8 9

10

11

12

13

14

)(2.2
.1 .2 . .3 . .4 .
.7 .6 . .5 . .
.11 .10 . .9. .8. .
.12 . .13 .
.14 . .

36
 SAFE
. 2

Toolbars ) (2.2 ) :
Commands .(Options
) (Commands ) (miFile )(3.2
) .(File

)(3.2
)( .
:
) (Options .
.

37
 SAFE
. 2

) (File ).(4.2

)(

4.2

) (5.2
) (Keyboard .
) (Remove
.

)(Assign

) (5.2 .

38
 SAFE
. 2

)(Tools : 2.2


.

.

) (File
).(6.2


.

Tools of main bar 1.2.2 :

:
.

) (2.2 ).(Main
).(7.2

39
 SAFE
. 2

) (6.2 ).(12.2

:
.

) ( .

40
 SAFE
. 2

.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.XY
) (.
)(.
.
.
.
) (7.2 Main bar .

41
 SAFE
. 2

Draw Toolbar : 2.2.2

) (8.2 ).(Draw

.

...

.
.
.
.

..

Draw ) (8.2

Display Toolbar : 3.2.2

) (9.2 ).(Display

42
 SAFE
. 2

.
.
.
.
.

Display ) (9.2

Select Toolbar : 4.2.2

)(10.2

.

43
 SAFE
. 2

.
.
.

.

Select ) (10.2

Snap Toolbar : 5.2.2

.
) (11.2
.

44
 SAFE
. 2

.
.
.
..
.
.

) (11.2 ).(Snap

Commands : 3.2
)(File : 1.3.2
) (12.2 ) (File

.

45
 SAFE
. 2

1
2
3

4
5

6
7

9
10
11
12
13
14

15
16

17
18

19

File ) (12.2

46
 SAFE
. 2

(New Model = Ctrl + N : .1 )

)) (13.2
(.

1
1.1

2.1

2
1.2

2.2

)(13.2
.1 1.1 .
) 2.1 .(X ) .2 .(Y
1.2 . ).(X
2.2 ).(Y

) 3 (Edit Grid
) (14.2 .

47
 SAFE
. 2

1 2
3
4
5
6
7

8
9 10

11
12 13

14

)(14.2
.2 .1 ).(9
.4 . .3 ).(1 .
.7 ) .6 ) (. .5 .
.8 )(. (.
.10 . .9 .
.14 .11 ) (12 ).(13
).(Z

(New Model From Template : .2 )

) (15.2

48
 SAFE
. 2

1 2 3 4

5 6 7 8

)(15.2
.1 .2 .
.3. .4 . .
.5 .6 .
.7 . .8 . .

.3 )(:
Open = Ctrl + O

).(FDB
)(Save = Ctrl + S : .4

.

49
 SAFE
. 2

(Save as = F12 : .5 )
) ( .
)(Import : .6
) (Import
) (16.2 :
) 6 (7 .
) (5 .
) DXF (DWG ).(AutoCAD

)(16.2

)(Export : .7
) (17.2 ) (Export
. :

)(17.2

50
 SAFE
. 2

) (SAFE, F2K
).(F2K
) (SAP 2000, S2K ) (SAP ).(S2K
) (DXF/ DWG File ) (AutoCAD
) DWG (DXF )(Plan view
.
) (18.2
.

)(18.2

51
 SAFE
. 2

) (Access Database File

).(Microsoft Access
(Create Animation Video : .8 )

) (Animation
).(19.2

1
2

)(19.2
.2 . .1
.4 .3 . .
.5 )(. .

52
 SAFE
. 2

(Print Setup = Ctrl + P : .9 )

) (Print Setup
).(20.2

1.1
2.1 3.1

2
1.2

2.2

)(20.2
.1 1.1 . )
( 2.1 . 3.1 . .2 .
.
1.2 2.2 . .3 . .
(Print Preview for Graphics : .10 )

.

53
 SAFE
. 2

Print Graphics = Ctrl + G .11 ) (:

.
(Print Input Tables = Ctrl + I : .12 )
) (21.2 .

1 2 3
1.1 1.2 1.3
2.1 2.2 2.3
3.1 3.2 3.3
4.2 4.3
5.3
4

5
6
8
1.8

)(21.2
.1 )( 1.1 . 2.1 . 3.1 ..2 .
1.2 . 2.2 . 3.2 . .
4.2 .3 . 1.3 . 2.3 . .
3.3 2.3 . 5.3 . .4 .
.5 . .6 . .7 . )
( .8 . 1.8 .
.
(. : )

54
 SAFE
. 2

(Print Output Tables = Ctrl + B : .13 )

) (22.2
.

1.1 2
2.1
3.1
4.1
5.1

3 4

5 6
7

1.7

)(22.2
.1 1.1 . 2.1 . 3.1 .
4.1 . 5.1 .
.4 .2 . .3 . .
.7 .6 ) (. .5 . .
1.7 . .
: Notebad .(Wordbad

55
 SAFE
. 2

(Print Design Tables = Ctrl + D : .14 )

)(23.2
.

1 2
1.1 1.2
2.1 1.2
3.1

3
4 5

6 1.6

)(23.2
.1 1.1 . 2.1 . .
1.2 . .2 . 3.1 .
2.2 .3 . .4 .
.6 .5 ) (. .
1.6 .
.
:
(.

56
 SAFE
. 2

(Capture Enhanced Matefile : .15 )

).(24.2
) (Currant Window .
) (User Region in Current Window
.

)(24.2

(Capture Picture : .16 )

).(25.2
) (Entire Screen .
) (SAFE Main Window .
) (Current Window w/Title
.

)(25.2

57
 SAFE
. 2

) (Current Window w/o Title bar

.
) (User Region in Current Window
.
.17 ) (:
User Comments and Session Log
.
.18 ) (:
Display Input/Output Text Files
).(txt
Exit = Shift + F4 .19 ) (:
.

)(Edit : 2.3.2
) (26.2 ) (Edit


.

58
 SAFE
. 2

5
6

9
10

11
12

Edit ) (26.2

Undo = Ctrl + Z .1 )(:

.
Redo = Ctrl + Y .2 ) (:
.

59
 SAFE
. 2

Cut = Ctrl + X .3 )(:

.
Copy = Ctrl + C .4 )(:
) (Copy
).(Cut
Pest = Ctrl + V .5 )(:


).(24.2

)(24.2

60
 SAFE
. 2

Delete .6 )(:
.
Edit Grid .7 ) (:

.
Add Grid at Selected Point .8 ) (:
) (X , Y

).(28.2

)(28.2

61
 SAFE
. 2

(Move = Ctrl + M : .9 )

) (X , Y ) (29.2
.

)(29.2

)(Replicate = Ctrl + R : .10

) (Replicate
:
Linear 1.10 :

) (30.2
.

62
 SAFE
. 2

1 2 3

)(30.2
.1 .2 . .3 . .
.4 .5 . .

2.10 :
Radial

) (

)(31.2

63
 SAFE
. 2

).(31.2
3.10 )(Mirror :

) X (Y ).(32.3

)(32.2

Align Vertical/Horizontal .11 ) (:

) (Align
) (
).(32.2

.

64
 SAFE
. 2

)(33.2

Convert Rect. to Quad .12 ) (:

) (rectangular area object
)(Xmin , Xmax , Ymin , Ymax
) (X , Y ) (X , Y
) (X1, X2, X3, X4, Y1, Y2, Y3, Y4
:
1.12 .
2.12 .
3.12 )(Draw Rectangular Area Objects
) (8.2
).(34.2

65
 SAFE
. 2

)(34.2

4.12 )
( ) (8.2
. .
)( )(35.2

.

.
:

66
 SAFE
. 2

.X
.Y
.
.



.
)(35.2

67
 SAFE
. 2

5.12 .
6.12 :
Edit > Convert Rect to Quad
7.12 )(Reshape Object
8.12
).(36.2

)(36.2

9.12
... ).(37.2

68
 SAFE
. 2

)(37.2

)(View : 3.3.2
) (38.2 ) (View

.
Set Structural Layer .1 ) (:
) (Design
).(X , Y
:
:

69
 SAFE
. 2

1
2
3

4
5

7
8

9
10
11

12

13
14
15

16
17

18
19

20
)(38.2 21
View 22

70
 SAFE
. 2

).(slab Structural Layer

.(X-Design Strip Layer) X
.(Y-Design Strip Layer) Y

Set X- Strip Layer .2 ) :(X

) (X
.

Set Y- Strip Layer .3 ) :(Y

) (Y .

XY Set 2d Plan View .4 ) :(XY

.

Set 3d View = Shift + F2 .5 ) (:

)(
).(39.2

Set Object Options = Ctrl. + E .6 ) (:

) (Set Object )(40.2
.

71
 SAFE
. 2

1 2

1.1

2.1

3.1

)(39.2
1.1 .1 .
3.1 2.1 . .
.2 .
.

Rubber band Zoom = F2 .7 ) (:

.

72
 SAFE
. 2

1 2 3
1.1 1.2 1.3
2.1 2.2 2.3
3.1 3.2 3.3
4.1 4.2
5.1 5.2
6.1

4
1.4 4.4
2.4 5.4
3.4

)(40.2
2.1 1.1 . .1 .
4.1 3.1 . .
5.1 . 6.1 .
2.2 1.2 . .2 . .
3.2 . 4.2 .
.3 Y 5.2 X
2.3 . 1.3 . .
3.3 .4 . 1.4 .
2.4 3.4 . .
4.4 . )(.
.

73
 SAFE
. 2

Restore Full View = F3 .8 ) (:

.
Previous Zoom .9 ) (:

.
Zoom Out One Step = Shift + F8 .10 ) (:

) :(Options
Options > Preferences > Zoom Out On Step

Zoom In One Step = Shift + F9 .11 ) (:

.
Options > Preferences > Zoom In One Step

Pan = F8 .12 ) (:
.
Show Primary Grid = F7 .13 ) (:
.

74
 SAFE
. 2

Show Secondary Grid .14 ) (:

.
Show Axes .15 ) (:
.
Show Selection Only .16 ) (:
.
Show All .17 ) (:
.
(Save Named View : .18 )
) (Save Named View
).(41.2

)(41.2

75
 SAFE
. 2

Show Named View .19 ) (:

) (42.2 .

)(42.2

Refresh Window = Ctrl + W .20 ) (:

.
Rescale Window = F11 .21 ) (:
.
Create Open GL View .22 ) (:

76
 SAFE
. 2

) (Rendered Viewer
) (43.2 .

)(43.2

) (Rendered Viewer )(44.2

.

77
 SAFE
. 2

.
.

.
.

.
.

.
.
.

.
.

.
)(44.2

78
 SAFE
. 2

)(Define : 4.3.2
) (45.2 ) .(Define

.

1
2

3
4

6
7

Define ) (45.2

Slab Properties .1 ) (:

) (46.2 .

79
 SAFE
. 2

4 7

6 8

10

11

12 13

)(46.2
.1 .2 . .3 . .4 . .5 . .6 ..
.7 .8 . .9 . .10 .
.11 . .12 . .13 .
.

80
 SAFE
. 2

Beam Properties .2 ) (:
).(47.2

2 3
1.2 1.3

2.2 2.3
3.2 3.3
4.2 4.3
5.2 5.3

6.3

7.3

8.3
4

)(47.2
.1 .2 . 1.2 . 2.2 . 3.2 . .
2.3 4.2 5.2 . .3 . 1.3 .
6.3 4.3 5.3 . 3.3 . .
7.3 . 8.3 . .4 . .

81
 SAFE
. 2

Column Support .3 ) (:
).(48.2

2
1.2 2.2 3.2

3
1.3 2.3 3.3

4
1.4 5.4

2.4 6.4

3.4 7.4
4.4 8.4

5
6
1.5

2.5 7

3.5

)(48.2
.1 .2 . 1.2 . 2.2 . 3.2 . .3 .
1.3 . 2.3 . 1.3 .4 . .
1.4 2.4 . 3.4 . 4.4 X 5.4 Y 6.4 X
1.5 7.4 8.4 . .5 . ) (. Y
2.5 . 3.5 X .6 Y .7 .
.

82
 SAFE
. 2

Wall Supports .4 ) (:
).(49.2

2
1.2 2.2

1.3 2.3 3.3

4
1.4 2.4

3.4 4.4

5
6
1.5

2.5 7

)(49.2
.1 .2 . 1.2 . 2.2 . .3 .
1.3 . 2.3 . 3.3 . .4 .
1.4 2.4 . 3.4 . 4.4 . .5 . ) (.
1.5 2.5 . .6 . .7 .
.

83
 SAFE
. 2

Soil Supports .5 ) (:
).(50.2

)(50.2
Static Load Cases .6 ) (:
).(51.2

1 2 3 4 5

)(51.2
.1 .2 . )
( .3 . .4 . .5 .
.6 . ) .7 .(1
) (.

84
 SAFE
. 2

Load Combinations .7 ) (:
).(52.2

)(52.2 7 8

.1 .2 .
.3 .
.4 .
.5 .
.6 .
.7 . .8 .
.

85
 SAFE
. 2

Group .8 )(:

).(53.2

1
2

)(53.2
.3 .1 .2 . .
.4 . .

)(Draw : 5.3.2
) (54.2 ) (Draw

.

86
 SAFE
. 2

1
2

4
5

Define ) (41.2 9

10

Define ) (54.2

Select Object .1 ) (:
)(Draw
.
Reshape Object .2 ) (:
) (8.2
) ... ) 12 Convert Rect. to Quad .(2.3.2

87
 SAFE
. 2

Draw Point Objects .3 ) (:

)(
.
) (55.2
.

.

.

)(55.2

Draw Line Objects .4 ) (:

) (

).(56.2

88
 SAFE
. 2

X
Y
.
.
.

.
)(56.2

Quick Draw Line Objects .5 ) (:

) (

.
Draw Area Objects .6 ) (:


).(57.2

89
 SAFE
. 2

X
Y
.
.

.

.
)(57.2
Draw Rectangular Area Objects .7 ) (:

) (58.2
.

)(58.2

Quick Draw Rectangular Objects .8 ) (:

90
 SAFE
. 2

Draw Circular Area Objects .9 ) (:

Snap to .10 ) (:
) (Snap to
) (5.2.2 ).(59.2

)(59.2
)(Select : 6.3.2
) (60.2
.

1
2

Select ) (60.2

91
 SAFE
. 2

Select .1 )(:
) (Select
).(61.2
1

5
6

)(61.2
.1 .
.2 .
.3 ).(Define
.4 ).(Define
.5 ).(Define
.6 .

Deselect .2 ) (:
) (Seselect .
Get previous selection .3 ) (:

.

92
 SAFE
. 2

Clear Selection = Ctrl + U .4 ) (:

) (Clear .

)(Assign : 7.3.2
) (62.2
.

1
2
3
4
5
6

7
8
9
10

11

12
13
14
15

16

17 Assign ) (62.2

93
 SAFE
. 2

Slab Properties .1 ) (:

) (46.2 .
Slab Offset .2 ) (:
) (Slab Offset
) (43.2
.

)(43.2

Slab Rib Locations .3 ) (:

) (X , Y ) (64.2
.

94
 SAFE
. 2

)(64.2

(Beam Properties : .4 )

) (65.2
.

)(65.2

95
 SAFE
. 2

)(Beam Offset : .5
) (Beam Offset
).(66.2

)(66.2

)(Opening: .6
) (Opening .
(Point Restraints : .7 )

) (X , Y , Z .
)( ).(67.2
(Column Supports : .8 )

) (3 ) (48.2 ) (4.3.2 .

96
 SAFE
. 2

1 4

2 5

3 6

)(67.2
.1 .2 X
.4 .3 Y Z
.5 Y X
.6 .7 Z .

(Wall Supports : .9 )

) (4 ) (49.2 ) (4.3.2 .

Soil Properties .10 ) (:

) (5
) (50.2 ) (4.3.2 .

97
 SAFE
. 2

Release .11 )(:

).(68.2

)(68.2
.1 .
.2 .

Point Loads .12 ) (:

) (Point Loads

).(69.2
)
( .
.

98
 SAFE
. 2

1 2

3 4
1.3 1.4

2.3 2.4

3.3 3.4

1.5

2.5

)(69.2
1.3 .3 . .2 . .1 .
3.3 2.3 . X ) (.
.4 1.4 . Y
3.4 2.4 . .
1.5 .5 . .
2.5 . Y X

Point Displacements .13 ) (:

).(70.2

99
 SAFE
. 2

1 2

3 4
1.3 1.4

2.3 2.4
3.4
3.3

)(70.2
.1 .2 . .3 . 1.3 . )
( 2.3 . 3.3 . X .4 Y
1.4 . 2.4 . 3.4 .
.

Line Loads .14 ) (:

).(71.2
) (
.

100
 SAFE
. 2

1 2

3 4
1.3 1.4

2.3 2.4
3.4
3.3

)(71.2
.1 .2 . .3 . 1.3 .
3.3 . ) ( 2.3 . .
2.4 .4 1.4 . .
3.4 .
.
Surface Loads .15 ) (:


).(72.2

) (.

101
 SAFE
. 2

1 2

3 4
1.3 1.4

2.4

3.4

)(72.2
.2 .3 . 1.3 . .1 .
) ( .4 . 1.4 .
3.4 . 2.4 . .

Group Name .16 ) (:

) (Group Names
) (Define

) (Define.
) (73.2 .

102
 SAFE
. 2

)(73.2

Clear Display of Assigns .17 ) (:

.

Analyze = F5 8.3.2 )(:

) (74.2 ) (Analyze
.

Set Options .1 ) (:
).(75.2

103
 SAFE
. 2

Analyze ) (74.2

104
 SAFE
. 3

General Basics for Design of Foundations

1.3 *:

) (Tie Beam
.
1.1.3:
:Foundation

.
.
* .

135
 SAFE
. 3

:Base

.
:Tie Beam

).(1.3

tie beam

)(1.3

) (
) (Isolated Foundation
) (Combined Foundation

).(Continues Foundation

) ...(Raft Foundation ).(2.3

136
 SAFE
. 3

)(2.3

2.1.3 :
:
.1
) (25 cm ) (cap ).(40 cm
.2 ) (100 cm
) (3 kg/cm2 ) (120 cm )

137
 SAFE
. 3

.(3 kg/cm2
.3 ) (60 cm
) (3 kg / cm2 ) (90 cm
.
.4
.

.
.
.5 ) (Span ) (4
) (5 .
.6
) (8 ) (10 .
.7 )
( .
.8
.
.9
:

138
 SAFE
. 3

) (2 ) (2.5 .
) (1 ) (1.4 .
.10
1/2 .
:
.1 ).(25 cm
.2 ).(60 cm
:
.1 ).(20 cm
.2
)(

) (60 x 60cm .
.3
.
.4
:
.

139
 SAFE
. 3

.5 :
.
.
.
.
3.1.3 :
.1
) (0.0012 ) (0.001

.
.2 .
.3
.
.4
) (12 mm ) (10 mm .
.5 ) (12 mm
) (10 mm
).(8 mm

140
 SAFE
. 3

.6 ).(20 cm
.7

.
.
.8

) (4
).(3mm
.9

.
.10
.
.11

)
( ) (10% .

141
 SAFE
. 3

2.3 :
1.2.3 :
.1 :

.
.
.2 :
)
(
.
.3 :
) (
) (.
.4 :

.

) (10% .

142
 SAFE
. 3

.5 :
:
1.5 ) ( Raft )
(

.
2.5

.
3.5
) (Tie Beam
) (.
4.5 ) ( ) (10%

) (50%
.

143
 SAFE
. 3

5.5 ) (Tie Beam

.
6.5
.

.
) (3.3 .
N

C max

)(3.3

144
 SAFE
. 3

C max
C < 0.5 A
A

C max
C < 0.5 A
A

)(3.3

145
 SAFE
. 3

2.2.3
:
.1


.
.2


.


.
.
.3
.
.

146
 SAFE
. 3

.4
.
.
.5
.
.6
) (

.
.7 :

) (1.6

) .(2
) (2.0 ) (2
) (
.8
.

147
 SAFE
. 3

3.2.3 :
.1
.
.2



.

.
.3



.
.4 ) (70%

:

148
 SAFE
. 3

1.4 ) (1.2%
.
2.4 ) (Mu
.
3.4
:
2 Mu
= Qu
h
) (h .
4.4
.
5.4


).(10 cm
6.4 ) (Tie beam ) (10%
.

.

149
 SAFE
. 3

7.4 )
(
.

3.3 :
Design of Foundations by Eurocode

1.3.3 :
Symbols Used in the Eurocode
) (EC2 )(2
).(CEN 1992
:
) (Ac ).(mm2
. Area of concrete section
) (As ).(mm2
Area of tension reinforcement
) (A`s ).(mm2
Area of compression reinforcement
) (Asw ) .(mm
2

Total cross sectional area of links at the neutral axis

) (Asw/sv ) .(mm
2

Area of shear reinforcement per unit length of the member

150
 SAFE
. 3

.(mm) ( a)
Depth of compression block
.(mm) ( b)
.Width or effective width of the section in the compression Zone
.(mm) ( T) ( bf)
Width or effective width of flange
.(mm) (T) ( bw)
Average web width of a flanged beam
.(mm) ( d)
Effective depth of tension reinforcement
.(mm) ( d`)
Effective depth of compression reinforcement
.(MPa) ( Ec)
Modulus of elasticity of concrete
.(200000 Mpa) (MPa) ( Es)
Modulus of elasticity of reinforcement, assumed as 200000 MPa
.(fck / - MPa) ( fcd)
Design concrete strength
.(MPa) ( 28) ( fck)
Characteristic compressive concrete cylinder strength at 28 days
.(fyk / - Mpa) ( fyd)
Design yield strength of reinforcing steel
.(MPa) ( fyk)
Characteristic strength of shear reinforcement

151
 SAFE
. 3

.(MPa) ( f `s)
Compressive stress in a beam compression steel
.(fywd / - Mpa) ( fywd)
Design strength of shear reinforcement
.(Mpa) ( fywk)
Characteristic strength of shear reinforcement
.(mm) ( h)
Overall thickness of slab
.(mm) ( hf)
Flange thickness
.(N - mm) ( M)
Design moment at a section
. M / (b.d 2
. . fcd) ( m)
Normalized design moment
.( mlim)
Limiting normalized moment capacity as a singly reinforced beam
.( sv)
Spacing of the shear reinforcement along the length of the beam
.( u)
Perimeter of the punch critical section
.(N) ( vRd1)
Design shear resistance from concrete alone
.(N) ( vRd2)
Design limiting shear resistance of a cross- section

152
 SAFE
. 3

.(N) ( vsd)
Shear force at ultimate design load
.(mm) ( x)
Depth of neutral axis
.(mm) ( xlim)
Limiting depth of neutral axis
.( )
Concrete strength reduction factor for sustained loading and stress- block
) ( )
.(
Enhancement factor of shear resistance for concentrated load; also the
coefficient that takes account of the eccentricity of loading in determining
punching shear stress; factor for the depth of compressive stress bloc
.( f)
Partial safety factor for concrete strength
.( c)
Partial safety factor for material strength
.( s)
Partial safety factor for steel strength
.( )
Redistribution factor
.( )( c)
Concrete strain
. ( )( c)
Strain in tension steel

153
 SAFE
. 3

. ) (
Effectiveness factor for shear resistance without concrete crushing
).(As / b d ) (
Tension reinforcement ratio
) ( ).(As fyd / fcd b d
Normalized tensile steel ratio
)` ( ).(A`s fyd s fyd b d
Normalized compression steel ratio
) (lim ).(As fyd / fcd b d
Normalized limiting tensile steel ratio
2.5 :
Design Load Combinations
) (EC2 2.3.3

:
1.35 DL
1.35 DL + 1.50 LL
1.35 DL + 1.50 PLL
1.35 DL 1.50 WL
1.00 DL 1.50 WL
1.35 DL + 1.35 LL 1.35 WL
1.00 DL 1.00 EL
1.00 DL + 1.5 x 0.3 LL 1.0 EL

154
 SAFE
. 3

) (DL .Dead load

) (LL .live load
) (PLL .pattern live load
) (WL .Wind load
) (EL .earthquake load

Design Strength : 2.3.3

) (m = 1.15 ).(EC

Beam Design : 3.3.3

.


) (torsion .

.

155
 SAFE
. 3

Design as a Rectangular Beam 1.3.3.3 :

.

.
) (4.3
. ).( , I

)(4.3

156
 SAFE
. 3

:
C = . fcd . a . d
:
) ( = x = 0.8 )
(.
) ( = 0.8 .
) (x .

).(0.08 fck Ag
:
M
=m 2
b . d . f cd
:
x x
] m lim = ( )lim [1 - ( ) lim
d 2 d

(x/d)lim ) (
.
x 0.44
f ck 0.35 ( ) lim
d 1.25
x 0.56
f ck 0.35 ( ) lim
d 1.25

157
 SAFE
. 3

) (m < mlim :
1 2m
:
f cd b d
[ As = ]
f yd
) (m > mlim
:
x
lim ( ) lim 1 1 2m
d
m - m lim
=`
`d
1-
d
` = lim +

)` (d .
:
f cd b d
[`A`s = ]
f`s
f cd b d
[ As = ]
f yd

:
`d
f `s E s s [1 ] f yd
x lim

158
 SAFE
. 3

)Design as a T-Beam :(T 2.3.3.3

) (5.3 ) (T
:

)(5.3

:
Flanged Beam Under Negative Moment

) (

159
 SAFE
. 3

).(bw
:
Flanged Beam Under Positive Moment



) (bf
):( fcd
M
=m 2
b . d . f cd

(x / d)lim
:
x - 0.44
f ck 0.35 = ( )lim
d 1.25
x - 0.56
f ck 0.35 = ( )lim
d 1.25
:
x x
] m lim = ( ) [1 - ( ) lim
d 2 d
x
= lim ( ) lim
2 d
a max = lim . d

160
 SAFE
. 3

( , a , : )x/d
1 2m
a = d a max

x
=
d

* ) (a < hf
:
) (m < mlim:
1 2m
f cd bw d
As
f cd
) (m > mlim:
m - m lim
= `
`d
1-
d
x
lim = ( ) lim
d
` = lim +

:
f cd b w d
( As = )
f yd

161
 SAFE
. 3

f cd b w d
( `A`s = )
f `s
:
`d
f `s = E s c (1 - ) f yd
x lim

* ) (a > hf
:
(b f - b w ) h f f cd
= As2
f yd
:
hf
M 2 = A s2 f yd (d - )
2
) (bw
) (M1 = M M2 :
M1
= m1
b w d 2 f cd

) (m1 < mlim:

1 = 1 - 1 - 2 m1

f cd b w d
( A s1 = 1 )
f yd

) (m1 > mlim:

162
 SAFE
. 3

m1 - m lim
= `
`d
1-
d
x
lim = ( ) lim
d
`1 = lim +
f b d
) A`s = ` ( cd w
f `s
) (f`s :
`d
f`s E s s [1 ] f yd
x lim
f b d
) A s1 = 1 ( cd w
f yd
:
As = As1 + As2
:
Minimum & maximum Tensile Reinforcement
:
:
0.6 0.6
As b. d where 0.0015
f yk f yk
):(T
0.6 0.6
As bw . d where 0.0015
f yk f yk
).(0.04

163
 SAFE
. 3

Design Beam Shear Reinforcement: 3.3.3.3

:
1 ) (prismatic
.
2
.
3 .
4 .
5
.
5 1 ) (VSd .
5 2
:
)VRd1 = [ Rd k (1.2 + 401 )] (b w d
:
) ( = 1
.
) (Rd .

164
 SAFE
. 3

f ctk0.05
Rd = 0.25
c
0.7 f ctm
Rd = 0.25
c
) 0.7 (0.3f ck2/3
Rd = 0.25
c
f ck3/2
Rd = 0.053
c
) (k = 1 .
) (1 = As1 / bw d < 0.02 .
) (As1 .
5 3
:
1 f
= VRd2 ) ( ck ) (0.9 b w d
2 c

:
) ( = 1 :
f cd
Rd2 = 0.7 0.5
200

) (Vsd, VRd1, VRd2,red

)(area/unit length :

165
 SAFE
. 3

A sw
Vsd VRd1 =0
S
A sw (Vsd - VRd1 ) s
VRd1 VSd VRd2 =
S 0.9 d f ywk

Vsd VRd1
:
:
A sw
500 Mpa
s
) (Asw /sv .
:
A sw
w min . b w
s
) (w min :

166
 SAFE
. 3

Slab Design : 4.3.3

) ( .


) (mesh .

Design for Flexure 1.4.3.3 :

) (matrices )
( .
.

.

2.4.3.3 :
Design Flexural Reinforcement for the Strip

167
 SAFE
. 3

.
.
:
Minimum and Maximum Slab Reinforcement
:
0.6
As b. d
fy

A s 0.0015 b . d
) (0.04
.
Check for Punching Shear :

) (4.3 .
1 Critical Section for Punching Shear :

) (1.5 d
) (d .
2 Determination of Concrete Capacity :

) ( :
] Rd1 = [ Rd k (1.2 + 0.40 1 ) d

168
 SAFE
. 3

:
) (Rd .
f ctk0.05
R d = 0.25
c
0.7 f ctm
R d = 0.25
c
) 0.7 (0.3f ck2/3
R d = 0.25
c
f ck3/2
R d = 0.053
c
) (k :
) (d ).(mm k = 1.6 -
d
1
1000
1 1x . 1y
dx + dy
d 0.015
2
) (1x , 1y ) (x , y
.
) (dx , dy ) (x , y .
3 Determination of Capacity Ratio :

169
 SAFE
. 3

VSd .
= sd
u
:
) (sd .
) (u ) (.
) ( :
) ( = 1.15 ).(interior columns
) ( = 1.40 ).(edge columns
) ( = 1.50 ).(corner columns
..
) (maximum factored shear force ) concrete

.(punching shear resistance

4.3 :
How SAFE Calculates Punching Shear
Term & Symbols 1.4.3 :
) (ACI 318 - 95
).(CSA A23.3 94 , NZS 3101-95 and IS 456 -1978 R1996
) (b0 .
perimeter of critical section for punching shear
) (d .

170
 SAFE
. 3

.(X) ( Ixx)
Moment of inertia of critical section for punching shear about an axis that
is parallel to the global X-axis
.(Y) ( Ixx)
Moment of inertia of critical section for punching shear about an axis that
is parallel to the global Y-axis
.(X , Y) ( Ixy)
Product of inertia of critical section for punching shear with respect to the
X and Y planes
.( L)
Length of side of critical section for punching shear currently being
considered
( ) X) ( Mux)
.(
Moment about line parallel to X-axis at center of column (positive per
right-hand rule)
( ) Y) ( Muy)
.(
Moment about line parallel to Y-axis at center of column (positive per
right-hand rule)
.( vu)
vu = Punching shear stress
.(( ) Vu)
Shear at center of column (positive upward)
.( x1 , y1)
Coordinates of column centroid

171
 SAFE
. 3

) (x2 , y2 .
Coordinates of center of one side of critical section for punching shear
) (x3 , y3 .
Coordinates of centroid of critical section for punching shear
) (x4 , y4 .
Coordinates of location where you are calculating stress
.
) (vx ) (Mux
Percent of (Mux) resisted by
.
) (vy ) (Muy
Percent of (Muy) resisted by shear

2.4.3 :
Basic Equations of Calculating Punching Shear

)(1

)(2

)(3


)(4

172
 SAFE
. 3

) (Ixx , Iyy , Ixy

) X (Y ) (6.3 ).(7.3

X ) (6.3
)(5b , 6b , 7

Y ) (7.3
)(5a , 6a , 7

173
 SAFE
. 3

5a X

5b Y

6a X
6b Y
7 X Y

3.4.3 :
Limitations of Punching Shear Calculations in SAFE


.

) (Drop
.
.


) (N/C = not calculated .

174
 SAFE
. 3

) (X , Y

.
) (8.3 )(A , B
)(C
) X ,

.(Y

)(A )(B )(C

) (8.3
.

175
 SAFE
. 4

Numerical Examples From Manual

1.4 ) :(1 :
Example (1): Design of Isolated Foundation for Punching
Shear

1.1.4 :
) (1.4
)` (24 :
) (10 in ) (15 in
) .(5 in ).(12 x 36 in
) (150 pcf ).(f `c = 4000 psi
:
DL = 20 psf :

LL = 80 psf :

176
 SAFE
. 4

) (1.4 .
Flat Slab With Drop Panels

) (X )` (8` x 6
) (Y )` (5` x 8 )`.(5` x 6
).(1.4

177
 SAFE
. 4

:

:
.1 ).(Kip-ft
.2 :
)File > New Model From Template > Fig (2.4
).(Flat Slab

)(2.4
) (15.2 .

.3 ) (Flat Slab

178
 SAFE
. 4

) Create Live ) (3.4

(Load Patterns ) (OK ).(4.4

6
1
1.1 7
1.2 8
1.3 9
1.4

2 13
2.1 10
2.2 11
2.3 12
2.4

3
4
5

)(3.4
.1 ) (1.1) .(X (1.2) .
(1.3) . (1.4) . .2 .
) (2.1) .(Y (2.2) . (2.3) .
(2.4) . .3 . .4 . )(.5 .
.6 . .7 . .8 . .9 .
.10 . .11 . .12 .
.13 . .

179
 SAFE
. 4

)(4.4

(Slab ) (Define )Properties .4

).(5.4

180
 SAFE
. 4

)(5.4

Modify/Show .5 ) (Slab )
(Property ) (6.4
) (Thick Plate ).(OK
.6 ) (8.3 ) (Drop
) (Modify/Show Property ) (Thick Plate
) (OK .
.7 ) Column Supports ( ) (Define
) (Support Properties ).(7.4
) (Column ).(Modify/Show Property

181
 SAFE
. 4

2 8
3 9

4 10

5 11

6 12
7 13
14

15
16

17 18

)(6.4
.3 .2 . .1 .
.4 . .5 . .6 . )
.7 .(... .8 .
.10 .9 . ).(X
) .11 .(Y ) .12 .(X
) .13 .(Y .14 . .15 . .
.16 .17 . .18 . ) X ,
.(Y

182
 SAFE
. 4

) (8.4 ) (Y Dimension = 3 )(OK

.

)(7.4

.
.8 ) (Analyze ).(Run Analysis
) (Ok

).(9.4
.

183
 SAFE
. 4

2
2.1 2.2 2.3

3
3.1 3.2 3.3

4
4.1 4.5

4.2 4.6

4.3 4.7

4.4 4.8

5
5.1 6

5.2 7

5.3

)(8.4
.1 .2 . 2.1 . 2.2 . 2.3 .
.3 . 3.1 . 3.2 . 3.3 .
.4 . 4.1 . 4.2 . 4.3 . X
4.4 4.5 Y 4.6 X 4.7 Y .
4.8 .5 . 5.1 . 5.2 . X
5.3 .6 Y .7 . .

184
 SAFE
. 4

)(9.4

.9 ) (Options :
> Options > Preferences (= Ctrl + K) > Design

)(ACI 318-2002 ) > OK > Fig (10.4

185
 SAFE
. 4

1
2
2.1
2.2
3
3.1
3.2

)(10.4
.1 .2 . 2.1 .
.2.2 .
.3 . .
.3.1 .3.2 . .
.4 .5 . .6 .
.

186
 SAFE
. 4

.10 ) (Start Design ) (Design

) (X ).(11.4

)(11.4

.11 :
)Options > Design > Punching Shear Ratios > Fig (12.4
) (to kips and inches .

187
 SAFE
. 4

)(12.4

.12 .
)File > Print Design Tables > Fig (13.4

) (14.3 ).(OK

188
 SAFE
. 4

1 2
1.1 2.1
1.2 2.2
1.3

3 4

)(13.4
1.1 . .1 ) (.
2.1 3.1 . .2 . 2.1 .
2.2 . .3 .
.4 . .5 .
.

) (.txt
) (text editor ) (word processor
) (WordPad ) Input/Output

(Text Files feature ).(1.4

189
 SAFE
. 4

)(1.4

190
 SAFE
. 4

2.1.4 ):(1.4
) (13.4
) ( ) (1.4
:
) :(POINT .
) :(X ) (X .
) :(Y ) (Y .
) :(RATIO ) (.
) :(COMBO .
) :(VMAX .
) :(VCAP = ) ( Vc
) (Vc ).(
) :(V .
) :(MX )(X
.
) :(MY )(Y
.
) (DEPTH
).(X , Y

191
 SAFE
. 4

) :(PERIM .
) :(LOC :
) (I ).(Interior column
) (C ).(Corner column
) (E ).(Edge column
1.2.1.4 :
Hand Calculation For Interior Column Using SAFE Method
) (14.4 ) (x1 = 0 , y1 = 0
) (.

)
X Y (.
) (1.13.4 ) (2.13.3
)" (1" , 2 :

192
 SAFE
. 4

)(14.4

)(x1 , y1

O
d
45

)(1.13.4

)(2.13.4

) (2.4
.

)(2.4

193
 SAFE
. 4

) (3.4 ) (Ix , Iy , Ixy

).(Ixx , Iyy , Ixy

)(3.4

) (1.4
) (10 ) (x4 = 12.75 , y4 = - 24.75 ):(15.3

194
 SAFE
. 4

) (A , B , C , D
) (15.4 :
.1 ):(A
x4 = - 12.75 , y4 = 24.75

.2 ):(B
x4 = 12.75 , y4 = 24.75

.3 ):(C
x4 = 12.75 , y4 = - 24.75

195
 SAFE
. 4

.4 ):(D
x4 = - 12.75 , y4 = - 24.75

) (D
) vu = vmax

.(= 0.126 ksi )(ACI- 318-95

:

196
 SAFE
. 4

) ( vc = 0.179 ksi
... :

2.2.1.4 )(X
:
Hand Calculation For Edge Column With Edge Parallel To X- Axis
Using SAFE Method
) (15.4 ) (x1 = 0 , y1 = 0:

)(x1 , y1

)(15.4
197
 SAFE
. 4

) (4.4
.

)(4.4

198
 SAFE
. 4

(Ix ), Iy , Ixy ) (5.4

).(Ixx , Iyy , Ixy

)(5.4

) (6
) (1.4 ) (x4 = - 12.75 , y4 = 24.75 ):(16.3

.1 ):(A

199
 SAFE
. 4

.2 ):(B

.3 ):(C

.4 ):(D

) (D ).(vu = vmax = 0.144 ksi

) (ACI- 318-95 :

200
 SAFE
. 4

) ( vc = 0.179 ksi
... :

3.2.1.4 )(Y
:
Hand Calculation For Edge Column With Edge Parallel To Y-Axis
Using SAFE Method

201
 SAFE
. 4

)(x1 , y1

)(16.4

) (Ix , Iy , Ixy
).(Ixx , Iyy , Ixy

202
 SAFE
. 4

)(6.4

)(7.4

) (6
):(1.4

203
 SAFE
. 4

:
.1 ):(A

.2 ):(B

.3 ):(C

204
 SAFE
. 4

.4 ):(D

) (C ).(vu = vmax = 0.092 ksi

) (ACI- 318-95 :

) ( vc = 0.179 ksi
... :

205
 SAFE
. 4

.
ksi 8.4


PCA
0.126 0.126 0.126
0.144 0.144 0.144 X
0.144 0.144 0.144 Y
0.179 0.179 0.179
N. A 0.114 N. A Ixy = 0

Rectangular 2.4 ) :(2 :

Plate
) (SAFE
:
:
)q = 100 psf ...(UL

P = 20 kips )...(PL
ql = 1 kip/ft )...(LL

206
 SAFE
. 4

a x b = 30` x 20 `= 360 x 240 in :

t = 8 in :

E = 3000 ksi :

= 0.3 :

1.2.4 :
Simply-Supported Rectangular Plate
) (17.4 .

)(17.4

207
 SAFE
. 4

.1 :Modeling Procedure
4 )
(x 4 , 8 x 8 , 12 x 12 ).(18.4

)(18.4
208
 SAFE
. 4

) (.

.

) (Strips . ).(19.4

.
.2 :Comparison of Results
) (9.4 )(deflections

.
) (10.4
) (TIMOSHENKO and LVYs solution

).(4 x 4

) 10.4 (11.4 .

209
 SAFE
. 4

)(19.4

210
 SAFE
. 4

)(9.4

211
 SAFE
. 4

)(10.4

212
 SAFE
. 4

)(11.4

213
 SAFE
. 4

) (12.4

214
 SAFE
. 4

2.2.4 :
Rectangular Plate with Built- in Edges
) (20.4
.

)(20.4

.1 ):(Modeling Procedure

.
.

215
 SAFE
. 4

.2 ):(Comparison of Results
) (13.4 ) (deflections

.

) (13.4

216
 SAFE
. 4

3.2.4
:
Rectangular Plate with Mixed Boundary
) (21.4 ) (14.4 .

)(21.4

) (14.4
217
 SAFE
. 4

4.2.4 :
Rectangular Plate on Elastic Beams
) (22.4
) (q = 100 psf ) x = 0 (x = a
.

)(22.4

218
 SAFE
. 4

).(Torsion
)(Timoshenko and Woinowsky

) (ACI 318 -95 ) .( = 4
) (

:

:
) (Ib = 67520 in4 .
) (a .
)(a .
.1 ):(Modeling Procedure
) (SAFE
.

219
 SAFE
. 4

) y = 0 (y = b
).(

) (ACI 318-95 ).(23.4

(23.4) 220

 SAFE
. 4

.
.2 ):(Comparison of Results
) (15.4
) ( = 4
.

)(15.4

) (16.4
) (ACI
:

221
 SAFE
. 4

E cb . I b
1 6.59375
E cs . I s
L 2 240
0.667
L1 360

)(16.4

1 . L 2
4.3958
L1

t 0

M 0 2700 kip in

) ( ) (85%

.

222
 SAFE
. 4

) (17.3
) ( = 4 ).(ACI

)(17.4

3.4 ) :(3 :
1.3.4 :

223
 SAFE
. 4

) (24.4
) (DL + LL
) (Mxx ) (1.4 DL+ 1.7 LL
) (X ) (AC1318-95
:

)(15.4

:
= 150 pcf :
= 0.2 :

224
 SAFE
. 4

E = 4000 ksi :
f 'c = 4 ksi :
fy = 60 ksi :

.
H = 12 ft :

).(50 psf
) (100 psf ) (250 psf
).(F , E , 5 , 3
2.3.4 :
.1
).(Kip-ft
.2 ) (New model ) (File
).(25.4
).(Edit Grid

).(X
) (Display ) (Y Grid
).(26.4

225
 SAFE
. 4

)(25.4

226
 SAFE
. 4

)(26.4
) (OK ).(18.4

)(27.4

227
 SAFE
. 4

:1
) (SAFE
) (View

) (X ).(Y
) X ,

(Y ).(View
.3 ) (Snap To Point

) (Snap To Points
) (Draw ) (Snap To
).(Points
)(Draw Area Objects
) (Draw Area Object ) (Draw
) B - 5 F - 5
.(E - 3
) ( ).(A - 3

) C - 1 C - 3 (A - 3 ) (Enter .

228
 SAFE
. 4

)C-3
(D-3 ).(C-2
) (Set Object Options = Ctrl + E ) (Fill Elements
)...(28.4
) (Save .

)(28.4

229
 SAFE
. 4

:2


) ( .
.
.

) (Grid Intersection
.
) (Preferences )(Options
Screen Snap To (Dimensions ) )Tab
(Tolerance .

) (Enter
)( )(.
.4 )(Draw Line Object
) (Draw ) (Draw Line Object
) (C-3 ) ( ) (D - 4

230
 SAFE
. 4

) (ENTER
.
) .5 ) (Draw Point Object
) (Draw Point Objects ) (Draw
) (D-5 .
) ..(29.4 ).(Save

)(29.4

231
 SAFE
. 4

:3



.
.6 ) C (D
)(Quick Draw Rectangular Object
) (Draw
) 5 4 D ( C
) (Click Here ) .(29.4 ).(Save

).(30.4
:
) (By Edges ).(Locate Slab
) (17 ) (Xmin ).(Identification and Location
) (23 ) (Xmax ).(Identification and Location
) (28 ) (Ymin ).(Identification and Location

) Identification and
) (32 ) (Ymax
.(Location
) (OK ).(31.4

232
 SAFE
. 4

2 3

4 5

7 11
8
12
9

10

(31.4
)30.4

.2 3 . .4 . .5 . .1 .
.6 . .7 . )( .8 . .9 .
.10 .11 . .12 . .
.

233
 SAFE
. 4

:4

.
.8
) (Assign ) (Opening ...
).(23.4

)(23.4

234
 SAFE
. 4

.9 ) B (C
) (Edit Grid )(Edit
...( Define X Grid ) X
) (32.4 :

) (Display ) (X Grid .
)(32.4

) (Ordinates ) (Display Grids .

.
) (7 ).(Secondary Line

235
 SAFE
. 4

) (Grid ID .
) (9 ) (Coordinate .
) (Y Grid ).(Display
.
) (Secondary ) (6.
) (24 ) (Coordinate .
) ( OK ).(33.4

)(33.4

236
 SAFE
. 4

.10 )(Quick Draw Rectangular Object

) (X ) (33.4
.
.11
.
.12 ) (Assign ) (Opening
).(34.4

)(34.4

237
 SAFE
. 4

.13 ) (Kip in
) F 5 E 3 D 5 C 1 B -5 (A 3
.

).(6 Joint Selected
.14 ) (Assign ) (Column Supports
) (Support Properties ) (Modify / Show Property
) (Column Support Property Data
).(35.4
) (OK ).(Save
.15 ) C 3 (D 4
) (Assign ) (Wall Supports
).(Support Properties
:
) (wall 1 ).(Support Props area
) (Modify/Show Property ) Wall Support Property

.(Data
) (Dimensions ).(Define Wall By

238
 SAFE
. 4

1 2 3

4 5 6

7
10
8

11
9
12

13

)(35.4
.1 .2 . .3 . .4 . .5 . .
.6 .7 . .8 . .9 . .10 .X , Y
.13of Elasticity
.(Modulus .12.) .
)
(4000 .11 X
, Y

239
 SAFE
. 4

) (Poissons Ratio ).(0.2

) (Properties Below Slab ).(12
) (Column Height ).(144
) (OK .
.16
) ( ) (Assign
).(Slab Properties
) :(36.4
) (Slab Property ) (SLAB 1 ) Modify /

(Show Property ).(Slab Property Data

) (SLAB1 )(Property Name
) (Thick Plate .
) (Modulus of Elasticity = 4000
) (Poissons Ratio ).(0.2
) (10 ).(Thickness
) (10 ).(Eff. Thickness X) (X
) (10 ).(Eff. Thickness Y) (Y
) (10 ).(Eff. Thickness- Twist

240
 SAFE
. 4

)(36.4
:5
) (Thick Plate
.
) X Cover Top, Y Cover

.(Top, X Cover Bottom and Y Cover Bottom

241
 SAFE
. 4

Concrete Strength ).(f `c = 4

Reinforcing Yield Stress ).(f y = 60
) (No Design .
) (OK .
.17 ) (Kip-ft
) (Define ) (Slab Properties
) (0.15 ) (OK
.
.18 ) (Define ).(Static Load Cases
) :(37.3
) (DL ) (Load ) (3
) (Long Term Deflection Multiplier .

)(37.4

242
 SAFE
. 4

:6


.
) (1
) (Immediate Deflection
. ) (3


.
) (Modify Load ) (LL ) (Load ) (Live
) (Type ) (0 ) Self Weight

.(Multiplier
) (1 ) Long Term Deflection

.(Multiplier
) (Add New Load ).(38.4
) (OK ).(Save
.19 )(Restore Previous Selection
.

243
 SAFE
. 4

)(38.4

.20 ) (Assign ) (Surface Loads

) (39.4
) (kip ft ) (0.05 ).(50 psf

)(39.4

244
 SAFE
. 4

:7
.
) (OK
).(40.4

)(40.4

245
 SAFE
. 4

.21 )(Show Undeformed Shape

) (LL ) (0.1 ).(100 psf
) (OK ).(41.4

)(41.4

246
 SAFE
. 4

.22 )(Draw Quadrilateral Area Objects

) (Draw Quadrilateral Area Objects ) (Draw
) E 5 (F 5
).(E 3
.23 )(Pointer/Select
.
.24 ) (Assign ) (Surface Loads )(LL
) (0.5 ) (150 psf ).(Load per Area
) (OK .
) (0.1 ksf
) 0.25 ksf .(250 psf
)(Show Undeformed Shape
.
.25 ) C (D
.
.26 ) (Assign ) (Point Loads
) (DL
).(Load Case Name

247
 SAFE
. 4

) (Vertical Load = 4 ) (Vertical Loads )(OK

.
.27 )(3D View
)(2D View
.
)(Assign .28
) ( ) (Point Loads .
) (LL ) (3
) ...(42.4 ) (OK .

)(42.4

248
 SAFE
. 4

.40 ) (Perspective Toggle

) .(43.4

)(43.4

)(Show Undeformed Shape

.
.41 ) (Load Combinations )(Define
) (Add New Combo
).(Load Combination Data

249
 SAFE
. 4

)) (DISPL
(Displacement ) (Load Combination Name
) (DL + LL For Displacements ).(Title
) (DL Load Case )(Case Name
) (1 ).(Scale Factor
) (Add
) (LL ) (OK .

)(44.4

250
 SAFE
. 4

3.3.4 :
.1 ) (Analyze ) (Set Options
) (Analysis Type ) (Normal .
:8




.
).(4 feet


.

).(4 feet
) (mesh
) Set Object ) (Set Options
(Options ) (View ) (Set Objects ) (Show Mesh

251
 SAFE
. 4

) (Options ) ...(OK
.
.2 )(Run Analysis
).(Analysis
.3
... ) (OK
.
.4 .
.5 )(Show Deformed Shape
) (Display ) (Deformed Shape
) (DISPL Combo
).(Load
) (Display Options ) Displacement

(Contours ) ...(Elastic ) (OK .

.6
) (.
.7 )(Show Deformed Shape
).(Deformed Shape

252
 SAFE
. 4

) (DISPL Combo ) (Load

) (Display Options ) Displacement

.(Contours
) (Long Term Cracked
) (OK .
.8
.

:9

.
.10 ) (Options ) (Preferences ).(Concrete Tab
) (ACI 318-95
) (Concrete Design Code ) (Sq-in ) (Sq-in/ft
) (Reinforcement Results Units ).(OK
.11 ) (Design )(Select Design Combos
).(Design Load Combinations Selection
) (DCON2 ) (Design Combos
).(Show
).(1.4 DL + 1.7 LL

253
 SAFE
. 4

:10

.
) Dead (Live ) (Define
(ACI )318-95 (Static )Load Cases

) (DCON1 = 1.4 DL ).(DCON2 = 1.4 DL + 1.7 LL

4.3.4 :
.1 ) (Design ).(Start Design
) ( X
) (in2 .

) (.
:11

).(Mesh
.2 ) (Design ) (Display Slab Design Info
) .(Slab Reinforcing ) X Direction

(Strip ).(Choose Strip Direction

254
 SAFE
. 4

) (Reinforcing Display Type

) (Show Number of Bars ) (# 6 ..
).(OK
.3 ) (X
) (# 6 .

) ( .
.4 ) Show Slab

) (Display ).(Slab Forces (Forces

) (DISPL Combo )(Load
) (Mxx ).(Component
).(OK
.5 ) ..(X
.

Combined Footing 4.4 ) :(4

1.4.4 :

255
 SAFE
. 4

) (45.4 )" (18" x 18

:
.1 ).(ACI 318-95
.2 .

)(45.4

256
 SAFE
. 4

.3
).(DL + LL + EQ
.4 .
:
).(150 pcf
).(0.2
= .(E )3600 ksi
= .(f `c )4 ksi
= .(fy )60 ksi
) (X )") (3
(.
) (Y )"(2
) (X )"(3.5
) (Y )"(4.5
).(Sub grade Modulus = 200 kcf

257
 SAFE
. 4

2.4.4 :
.1 ).(Kip-ft
.2 ) (File ) (New Model From Template
) (New Model From Template ).(46.4

)(46.4

258
 SAFE
. 4

) (Combined Footing
) ..(47.4 )(OK
).(48.4

3
1 1.3
1.1
2.3
2.1
3.3
4
2
1.4
1.2
2.4
2.2
3.4

5
6
7
8

)(47.4
2.1 .1 1.1 .X .
1.2 2.2 . .2 . .Y
.3 ) ( 1.3 . 2.3 . .
.4 ) (. ) 3.3 .(X ).(Y
1.4 2.4 . ) 3.4 .(X ) .5 .(Y
.8 . .6 .7 . . .

259
 SAFE
. 4

)(48. 4

:12
)) (X

X (Spacing
.
) (Y Y (Spacing

.

260
 SAFE
. 4

(Static )Load Cases .3 ) (Define

).(49.4
.4 ) (Load Combinations )(Define

1 2 3 4

)(49.4
.1 .
.2 .
.3 .
.4
) (.

.5 ).(A-1
1 )
.(Joint selected

261
 SAFE
. 4

) (50.4 ) (Load Combination Name

) (DISPL )
(.
.

3 4

)(50.4
.3 .2 . .1 .
.4 . .

262
 SAFE
. 4

.6 ) (Assign ) (Point Loads

) ..(51.4 ).(OK

)(51.4
.1 .
.2 .
.3 ).(X
.4 ).(Y
.5
.

263
 SAFE
. 4

.7 ) (B-1
) (Point Load ) (52.4
) (-100 .

)(52.4

) (3D
.
.8
) (Rectangular Slab Information ).(53.4

264
 SAFE
. 4

) (Specifications ) (Slab Property ) (Footing

).(Combined Footing Template

2 4

5 8

6
9
7

)(53.4
.1 ) ( .2 . .3 .
.5 ) .4 . .
.8 .6 )( .7 . . (.
.9 . .

265
 SAFE
. 4

) (Specifications ) (Support )(SOIL

.
.9 ) (kip-in
) (Define ) (Slab Properties
).(54.4

)(54.4

) (Modify/Show Property
).(55.4
:13

266
 SAFE
. 4

(Thick )Plate
) (55.4
.

1 6

2 7

3 8

4 9

5 10

11
12

13

14 15

)(55.4
.2 .3 . .4 . .1 .
) Bending Thickness for X and Y , Twisting Thickness for .5 .
.7 .6 .(Z ).(X
.9 ).(Y ) .8 .(Y ).(X
.11 .12 . .10 .
267
.15 .14 . .13 . .
) (.
 SAFE
. 4

) Soil
.10 ) .(kip-in ) (Define
(Supports ) (56.4 ) (Modify/Show Property
) (soil Subgrade modulus ).(200

)(56.4

.11 ) (Options ) (Preferences ).(57.2

268
 SAFE
. 4

1 2 3

9
10

11

12

13

14
15

)(57.4
.1 .2 . .3 . .4 .
.5 . ).6 .(Draw > Snap to > Fine Grid
.7 .
.8 . .9 . .10 .
.11 . .12 .
.13 . ) .14 .(Pan .
.15 .

269
 SAFE
. 4

) (Design ).(58.4

1.2
2.2

3
1.3
2.3

1.4
2.4
2.4

)(58.4
.1 .2 . 1.1 . 2.1 .
2.3 1.3. ) ( .3 . .
2.4 .4 . 1.4 . /.
.5 2 /2 3.4 . 2 /2.
.

270
 SAFE
. 4

) (58.4 ) (ACI 318-95

) (Reinforcement Results Units ).(OK
(Select )Design Combos .12 ) (Design
) .(59.4

)(59.4

) (Show.
:14

271
 SAFE
. 4

(ACI )318-95 ) .(Define
:
DCON1 = 1.4 DL
DCON2 = 1.4 DL + 1.7 LL
DCON3 = 1.05 DL + 1.275 LL + 1.4025 EQ
DCON4 = 1.05 DL + 1.275 LL - 1.4025 EQ
DCON5 = 0.90 DL + 1.43 EQ
DCON6 = 0.90 DL - 1.43 EQ

Load )
(Combination ).(Define

.13 ) (Set Options ) (Analyze

).(60.4
) (Iterative for Uplift ) (Analysis Type

.

272
 SAFE
. 4

:15
) (0.001
. ) (10
.

1
2
3

)(60.4
.3 .2 . .1 .
.4 .
.5 . .6 . .7 .
.

273
 SAFE
. 4

) (


.

...
.
) (16 ft
).(4 ft
) (mesh
) (Set Objects .

3.4.4 :
.1 ) (Normal )(Run Analysis
).(Analysis
) (.
) (OK .
.2 )(Uplift Analysis Status
) (61.4 .

274
 SAFE
. 4

) (Uplift Analysis Status

) DCON6 (DCON5
.

1 2 3 4 5

)(61.4
.1 .
.2
).(P total / A total
.3 ) (6 ) (37.4 ...
).(Analyze > Set Options > Convergence Tolerance
.4 .
.5
..
((Display )
)60.4 ( )(5 Reaction
Show )
Forces .
.3
(. . > Analyze ...(62.4>)Maximum
Set Options Number
(Joint ))Forces
of Iterations

275
 SAFE
. 4

2
3 4

)(62.4
.1
.
.2 .
.3 .
.4 .
.5 .
.6 .
.7 ) (.

276
 SAFE
. 4

)(63.4
OK ).(63.4
.4
.
) (-0.002
) .(Tension .
.5 )(Lock/Unlock Model
.
.6 ) (Set Options ) (Analyze
) (Uplift Iteration Parameters ) Maximum Number

(of Iterations ) (100 ).(OK

277
 SAFE
. 4

.7 ) (F5
).(64.4

)(64.4

) (63
) (Iterations ) DCON6 .(DCON5
.8 ) (Show Reaction Forces ) (Display
) (Joint Forces ).(DCON5 Combo
) (Type of Load ) (Soil Pressure diagram
) (OK .
.9
) ksf

(- 0.002 - tension .
.10 ).(Display

278
 SAFE
. 4

4.4.4 :
.1 ) (Design ).(Start Design
)( X
) (in2 .

... ) (12 .
.1 ) (Design ) (Display Slab Design Info
) (65.4 ).(X

)(65.4

279
 SAFE
. 4

.2 ) ...(Y
) (#4 ) (66.4 .

)(66.4

280
 SAFE
.5

1.5 ):(SAFE
1.1.5 :
) (1.5 ) (2.5
. ) (4.00 m
) (3.25 m ) (ETABS
) (SAFE :
.1 :


)(cm )(m
25 x 50 3m
25 x 55 4m
. 25 x 60 5m

282
SAFE
.5

2.0 0.5

1.5
0.5

)(1.5

283
SAFE
.5

1 5

2.0 0.5
1.5
0.5

)(2.5

284
 SAFE
.5

.2 ) (cm :
)(
40 x 60 40 x 55 30 x 45
40 x 55 40 x 50 30 x 45
30 x 55 30 x 50 30 x 40
30 x 50 30 x 45 30 x 40
30 x 45 30 x 40 25 x 40
30 x 40 25 x 40 25 x 40
(1 )A , 1 H
.

.3 :
) (25 cm ) 20

.(cm
.4 ).(16 cm
.5 ).(z = 0.25
.6 ) (Sc ) (Ca, Cv

285
 SAFE
.5

) Ca ) (9 - 3 ) (10 - 3
.(= 0.29 , Cv = 0.38
.7 ).(f `c = 250 kg/cm2
.8 ).(fy = 4500 kg/cm2
.9 ).(fys = 2400 kg/cm2
.10 ).(E = 330000 kg/cm2
.11 ) (ETABS ) (2004
) .(UBC 97
) (UBC 97 .
.12 ).(250 kg/m2
)
150 kg/m2
400 kg/m2 .


(.
.13 .
.14 ).(250 kg/m2

286
 SAFE
.5

.15 ).(300 kg/m2

.16 ).(IMRF
.17
) (R = 6.5 ) 6

(- 3 .
.18
) Response Spectrum

.(Analysis
.19 ) 4 (:
Vertical = 1.5 DL + 1.8 LL
QX1P = 1.48 DL + 0.55 LL + 1.1 QX1
QX1N = 1. 18 DL + 0.55 LL - 1.1 QX1
QY1P = 1. 48 DL + 0.55 LL + 1.1 QY1
QY1N = 1. 18 DL + 0.55 LL - 1.1 QY1
QX2P = 1.48 DL + 0.55 LL + 1.1 QX2
QX2N = 1. 18 DL + 0.55 LL - 1.1 QX2
QY2P = 1.48 DL + 0.55 LL + 1.1 QY2
QY2N = 1.18 DL + 0.55 LL - 1.1 QY2
QXX1P = 1.15 DL + 1.1 QX1
QXX1N = 0.83 DL - 1.1 QX1
QXX2P = 1.15 DL + 1.1 QX2
QXX2N = 0.83 DL - 1.1 QX2

287
 SAFE
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QYY1P = 1.15 DL + 1.1 QY1

QYY1N = 0.83 DL - 1.1 QY1
QYY2P = 1.15 DL + 1.1 QY2
QYY2N = 0.83 DL - 1.1 QY2
SPX = 1.32 DL + 0.55 LL + 1.1 SP1
SPY = 1.32 DL + 0.55 LL + 1.1 SP2
SPXX = 0.99 DL + 1.1 SP1
SPYY = 0.99 DL + 1.1 SP2
:
) (DL .
) (LL .
) (Q .
P ) SP
) (Positive (Negative) N
.

2.1.5 :ETABS

):(ETABS
.1 ) (ETABS ).(T-m
.2 .

288
 SAFE
.5

.3 ) (Define

:
Define > Material Properties

.4 :
Define > Frame Sections > Add Rectangular

.5 :
Define > Wall/Slab/Deck Sections > Add Rectangular

.6 ).(Fixed Supports

:
) (Ctrl + A :
Edit > Auto Relabel All > OK

) (1.3.5 ) (2.3.5
) (ETABS .
.7 )(Fixed Supports
).(Piers

289
SAFE
.5

)(1.3.5

290
SAFE
.5

)(2.3.5

291
 SAFE
.5

.8 :
)(Select
) (Auto Offset )(Assign :
Assign > Frame/Line > End (Length) Offsets

)(0.50
.9 ) (M22 , M33
:
Assign > Frame/Line > Frame Release Partial Fixity

.10 ) (0.50
) (60%
) (80% .
:
> Assign > Frame/Line > Frame Property Modifiers
> Moment of Inertia about 3 axis = 0.6
Torsional Constant = 0.5

:
> Assign > Frame/Line > Frame Property Modifiers
Moment of Inertia about 2 axis = 0.8
Moment of Inertia about 3 axis = 0.8

292
 SAFE
.5

:
>Assign > Shell Area > Shell Stiffness Modifiers
Moment of Inertia about 2 axis = 0.8
Moment of Inertia about 3 axis = 0.8

.11 :
Assign > Shell Area > Area Object Mesh Options

) (Auto mesh ).(1 m

.12 ) 3
B , C ( ) (1 m
:
Edit > Mesh Area > Fig (4.5) > OK

) (4.5 ) (9.2

293
 SAFE
.5

1 :ETABS
) (ETABS
) (Mesh
(Auto )Mesh

) (.
.13 ) (Rigid Diaphragm
:
Assign Shell area > Rigid Diaphragm > Diaphragm = D1

.
.14 ) (Define
):(Self Weight Multiplier
Define > Static Load Cases

.15 :
:
Assign > Shell/Area Loads > Uniform > DL = 0.4 t/m2

).(0.25 t/m2
).(0.3 t/m2

294
 SAFE
.5

.16 :
.17
) (.
Define > Mass Source > From Load

.18 :
Define > Response Spectrum Functions > Add UBC-97 Spectrum

.19 )(X , Y :
Define > Response Spectrum Cases > Add New Spectrum

.20 :
Define > Load Combination

:
Analyze > Check Model
.21 :
Analyze > Set Analysis Options

) (Set Dynamic Parameters ) (Ritz =
).(18
.22 )(F5
:

295
 SAFE
.5

.
) (90%
.
:
Display > Set Output Table Mode > Building Modal Info.

).(Modal Participating Mass Ratio

.23 ) (ETABS
) (SAFE ) (SAFE ).(ETABS

3.1.5 ):(SAFE

.

):(SAFE
) (ETABS ) (SAFE :
.1 :
)File > Export > Save Story as Safe f2k Text File > Fig (5.5) to (8.5

296
 SAFE
.5

)(6.5

)(5.5
: ) (9.2.0 ) (ETABS .

297
 SAFE
.5

)(6.5 )(7.5

1
2
3

)(7.5
)(8.5
.1 .2 .
.3 .
.4 .
.

298
 SAFE
.5

)(8.5

.2 ) (2 )(7.5
) (Export floor load and loads from above ).(Base
) (OK ).(8.5
.3 ).(OK
) (f2k .
.4 .
.5 ) (OK
).(9.5
.

299
SAFE
.5

)(9.5

300
 SAFE
.5

2 :
) (ETABS )(SAFE
.
) (ETABS
).(SAFE
) (ETABS
) (SAFE .

).(Base
) (ETABS ) (SAFE
) (Z ) (SAFE
.
) (SAFE

(Size ) ( ... )of Load
.

301
 SAFE
.5

).(ETABS
.6 ) (9.5
:
) (
) (Point Object Information ) (10.5
).(Load Case
Line )
(Object Information ) (11.5
).(Load Case
:
)(

.
:
)(cm )(cm

70 240 260 40 60
60 180 195 40 55
50 130 145 30 45

302
 SAFE
.5

3
4 7
5
8
6

9
10

11

12

13

)(10.5
.3 .2 . .1 ) (.
.6 .4 ) .5 .(Z ).(X .
.8 ).(Y ) .7 .(Y ).(X
.11 ) .10 . .9 .
.12 ) .13 .(X , Y (.
) .(X , Y

303
 SAFE
.5

1 2

4
5 8

6 9 10
7 11

)(11.5
.2 .3 . .1 ) (.
.4 . .5 . .6 .
.
.10 . .9 . .8 . .7 .
. .
:
)(cm )(cm

60 100 350 25 300
60 100 550 25 500
60 100 850 25 800

304
 SAFE
.5

:
:
.1 ):(50 cm
)Define > Slab Properties > Slab1> Fig. (12.5
)Modify / Show Property > Fig. (13.5

)(12.5

) (13.5

) (Thick Plate ) (5
.

305
 SAFE
.5

2 7

3 8

4 9

5 10

6 11

12

13

14

15 16

)(13.5
.3 .4 . . .1 )( .2 . .
.5 .6 . .7 . ) .8 .(X
.9 ) .10 .(X ).(Y
.11 .12 . .13 . . ).(Y
.14 .15 . .16 . .

306
 SAFE
.5

.2 ) (60 cm
) (70 cm ) (OK ).(14.5

)(14.5

:
:
.1 :
)Draw > Draw Rectangular Area Objects > Fig. (15.5
1
2
3
4

)(15.5
.1 .2 . .3 . ) .4 .(X
).(Y

307
 SAFE
.5

.2 ) (15.5
) (1.30 m x 1.45 m
).(16.5

)(16.5

3 :

).(17.5

(By )Center
).(By Edges

308
 SAFE
.5

2 3

4 7

5 8

6 9

10 13

11
14
12

15

)(17.5
.1 .2 . .3 . .4 . .5 .
.7 .6 ).(Y ).(X
.10 .8 . ) .9 .(X ).(Y
.11 )( .12 . . .
.14 . .13 .
. .
.2 ).(18.5

309
SAFE
.5

)(18.5

310
 SAFE
.5

4 :

.


P
):(19.5

q=P/A
`q `q = q ` =

q
q k
q
k depends on curve Linear Nonlinear
coordinates used and is
generally nonlinear
x max

)(b )( c
)
(19.5 ) (q )(

311
 SAFE
.5

) 45, 75
.(cm ) (
) (ks


).(19.5
) (q = P / A ) (A
.
) (ks
) (Xmax
:
qcon = ks . Xmax

) (ks )( :
) = 1 in ) (ks
(2.54 ) (SF = 3: cm
ks = qult / H
qult = SF . qall
)ks = SF (qall / H
ks = (3 / 0.0254) . qall

312
 SAFE
.5

ks = 120 qall
ks = 120 x 25 = 3000 t / m2
qall .
:
:
)Define > Soil Supports > Fig. (20.5

313
)(20.5
 SAFE
.5

:

:
Assign > Soil Supports > Soil1

:
) (ETABS
) (SAFE
.
:
)Define > Static Load Cases > Fig. (21.5

)(21.5
314
 SAFE
.5

5 :


:
Vertical = 1.5 DL + 1.8 LL
QX1P = 1.48 DL + 0.55 LL + 1.1 QX1
QX1N = 1.16 DL + 0.55 LL - 1.1 QX1
QY1P = 1.48 DL + 0.55 LL + 1.1 QY1
QY1N = 1.16 DL + 0.55 LL - 1.1 QY1
QX2P = 1.48 DL + 0.55 LL + 1.1 QX2
QX2N = 1.16 DL + 0.55 LL - 1.1 QX2
QY2P = 1.48 DL + 0.55 LL + 1.1 QY2
QY2N = 1.16 DL + 0.55 LL - 1.1 QY2

) (D1L1 = DL + LL
.

4.1.5 :

315
 SAFE
.5

:
.1 :
Analyze > Set Options > Fig. (22.5) > Normal > OK

.2 ) (F5 .
)
(.
.3 ) (OK )(23.5
.

)(22.5

316
 SAFE
.5

:
:
Display > Show Reaction Forces > Fig. (24.5) > OK

)(23.5

317
 SAFE
.5

2 3

)(24.5
.1 .
.2 .
.3 .
.4 .
.5 )(.
.6 .

318
 SAFE
.5

) (24.5 ) (OK
) (25.5 ) (26.5 ).(27.5

) (25.5 + ) (D1L1

319
 SAFE

320
.5

QX1P ) (26.5
 SAFE

321
.5

QY1P ) (27.5
 SAFE
.5

) 25.5 26.5 (27.5 :

) +
(
.
:
1.55 x all = 1.55 x 25 = 38.75 t/m2

:
) (1.6 ).( max / min < 2
) (2 ).( max / min > 2

.
6 :
) (Tie Beam
.
) 25.5 26.5 (27.5


:

322
 SAFE
.5

5.1.5 :


.
:
)(8.00 x 16.00 m
) (0.80 m ) (1.50 m .
) (4
) (12.60 x 3.00 m ) (0.80 m ) (1.30 m .
) 5.50

(x 2.40 m ) (0.70 m ) (1.30 m .

) 3 (4 )(6.00 x 3.00 m
) (0.80 m ) (1.50 m .
:
.1 ) (Unlock Model .
:
.2 :
Define > Slab Properties > Add New Slab
) .(28.5

323
 SAFE
.5

)(28.5

.3 ) (Delete
.
.4 ).(Draw Rectangular Area Objects
.5
:
Assign > Soil Supports > Soil1

.6 ).(F5
.7 :
Display > Show Reaction Forces > Fig. (29.5 30.5 31.5) > OK

324
 SAFE

325
.5

) (29.5 + ) (D1L1
 SAFE

326
.5

QX1P ) (30.5
 SAFE

327
.5

QY1P ) (31.5
 SAFE
.5

6.1.5 :
.1 ) (X
:
)View > Set X-Strip Layer > Fig (32.5
.2 ) (Delete .
.3 ) (Y :
)View > Set Y-Strip Layer > Fig (33.5
.4 ) (X :
View > Set X- Strip Layer
.5 ) (X ) (Y :
:X
:
)(Draw Rectangular Area Object
)
(.
:
) (X


.

328
SAFE
.5

)(32.5

329
SAFE
.5

)(33.5

330
 SAFE
.5

:

) (X ).(34.5
) (1 m
).(35.5
) .(1m

)(34.5

:
)Edit > Replicate > Fig (36.5) > OK > Fig (37.5

).(36.5

331
SAFE
.5

)(35.5

)(36.5

332
SAFE
.5

)(37.5

333
 SAFE
.5

:Y
) (Y :
View > Set Y- Strip Layer

) (X.
) (X.
:


.
) (38.5 .
.6 :
)View > Set Structural Layer > OK > Fig (39.5

7.1.5 :
.1 ).(F5
.2 :
Design > Select Design Combo. > Fig. (40.5) > OK

.3 ) (Start Design ).(Design

334
SAFE
.5

)(38.5

335
SAFE
.5

)(39.5

336
 SAFE
.5

)(40.5

.4 :
)Display > Show Slab Forces > Fig (41.5

)(41.5
) .(Load
.
) (42.5 ) (43.5
) (Mxx ) Main = 1.5 DL +

.(1.8 LL

337
SAFE
.5

)(41.5

338
 SAFE
.5

) (42.5 ) (Mxx

) (Show Edges ).(38.5

339
 SAFE

340
.5

) (43.5 ) (Myy
 SAFE
.5

.5
:
)Display > Show Output Tables > Fig (44.5) > OK > Fig (45.5

)(44.5

)(45.5

341
 SAFE
.5

.6
:
:
)View > Set Object Options > Fig (46.5

)(46.5

.7 ) (X :
)Design > Display Slab Design Info. > Fig (47.5

342
 SAFE
.5

3
4

)(47.5
: ) (1 ) 2 3
(4

.
) (47.5 ) (Ok
) (48.5 ) (T12/20 .
) (kg - cm
.

.

343
SAFE
.5

)(48.5

344
 SAFE
.5

.
.8 :
)Design > Show Design Tables. > Fig (49.5) > OK > Fig (50.5

)(49.5

7 :

.

345
SAFE
.5

)(50.5

346
 SAFE
.5

8.1.5 :
:
Detailing > Start Detailer > Fig (51.5) > OK
).(51.5

) (

)(51.5

8 :
(CSI )Detailer

347
 SAFE
.5

.
2.5 :
1.2.5 :

) (52.5 ) (DL + LL :
D
C1 W1 C2 C2 W1
6.00

C1 C3 C2
C
18.00

6.00

W3 W3

B
C1 C4 C3 C2
6.00

Y
W2 X C2 C3 C2 W2
A
3.00 5.00 4.00 6.00 2.00 3.00

23.00

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

)(52.5

.1 ) (52.5 ).(m

348
 SAFE
.5

.2 ).(3 m
.3 ).(f `c = 250 kg/cm2
.4 ).(fy = 4200 kg/cm2
.5 ).(E = 300000 kg/cm2
.6 ) ( :


Y X
cm
t.m t.m ton
8 10 100 40 x 60 C1

15 5 300 40 x 80 C2

30 15 400 50 x 80 C3

15 30 400 50 x 90 C4

.7 :


Y X
cm
t.m t.m Ton / m
30 - 12 25 W1

40 - 18 30 W2

- 50 30 40 W3

349
 SAFE
.5

.8 ) (2000 .
2.2.5 :

.
.
.1 ) (T-m .
.2 :
)File > New Model > OK > Fig (53.5

)(53.5
350
 SAFE
.5

.3 ) ( ) (X
) (Y.
)(54.5
).(OK

)(54.5

351
 SAFE
.5

.4 ) ( )(Y
) (X ) (55.5
).(OK

)(55.5

).(56.5

352

)(56.5
 SAFE
.5

.5 :
)Define > Slab Properties > Slab 1 > Modify / Show Property > Fig (57.5

).(80 cm
) (57.5
.

353
)(57.5
 SAFE
.5

.6 )( :
Define > Column Supports > Col 1 > Modify / Show Property > Fig (58.5) > OK

) (Add New Property

) (Support Properties ) (59.5 )(OK
.

354

)(58.5
 SAFE
.5

)(59.5

.6 )( :
Define > Wall Supports > Wall 1 > Modify / Show Property > Fig (60.5) > OK

).(60.5
.7 :
Define > Soil Supports > Fig (61.5) > OK

).(2000

355
 SAFE
.5

.8 :
Define > Static Load Cases > Fig (62.5) > OK

.9 :
Define > Load Combinations > Fig (63.5) > OK

)(60.5

356

)(61.5
SAFE
.5

)(62.5

357

)(63.5
 SAFE
.5

.10 :
)Draw > Draw Point Objects > Fig (64.5

Draw

358

)(64.5
 SAFE
.5

.11 :
)Draw > Draw Line Objects > Fig (65.5

Draw

359

)(65.5
 SAFE
.5

.12
:
N 4264
=A = = 142.133 m2
30
all

).(18 x 23 = 216 m2

) (80 cm ).(19.60 m x 24.60 m
9 :


.
.13 :
)Draw > Draw Rectangular Area Objects > Fig (66.5

)(66.5
360
 SAFE
.5

) (18 x 23 m
).(67.5

)(67.5

361
 SAFE
.5

.14 ) (Select Object .

).(68.5
) (68.5 ) (OK
).(69.5

)(68.5

.15 :

362
 SAFE
.5

) (C1 )(1 - D
.

)Assign > Point Loads > Fig (70.5

)(69.5

363
 SAFE
.5

) (70.5 ).(OK

.

)(70.5

.14 :
).(W1

364
 SAFE
.5

:
)Assign > Line Loads > Fig (71.5

) (71.5 ).(OK
.

)(71.5

.15
:

365
 SAFE
.5

).(3 t / m2
:
.
:
)Assign > Surface Loads > Fig (72.5

)(72.5

.16 ) (F5 .
) (73.5 ) DL +

.(LL

366
 SAFE
.5

.
10 :


.

)(73.5

367
 SAFE
CSI Detailer . 6

CSI Detailer

1.6 :
) (CSI Detailer ) (SAEF :
:
.1 ) (Run Analyses ).(Analys
.2 ) ..
2 10.3.2 (:
Design > Select Design Combos.

4, 5, .3 )
(: 6, 7

368
 SAFE
CSI Detailer . 6

Design > Start Design.

2 .4 ) ( )
3.11.2 (:
Detailing > Main Detailing Preferences = Ctrl + F6

.5 ) 3 3.11.2
(:
Detailing > Drawing Setup

.6 ) ...
4 3.11.2 (:
Detailing > Drawing Setup

.7 ) 5 3.11.2
(:
Detailing > View Placement Options

.8 :
)Detailing > Start Detailing > Fig (1.6

) (1.6
:
.1 ) (
.

369
 SAFE
CSI Detailer . 6

.2 ) ( .
.3 .

1
2
3

)(1.6
.1 ) ( .
.2 ) ( .
.3 .

) (1
).(OK

370
 SAFE
CSI Detailer . 6

) (2.6
.

2.6

) (CSI Detailer .. ) (3.6.

371
 SAFE
CSI Detailer . 6

)(CSI Detailer

3.6

372
 SAFE
CSI Detailer . 6

2.6 ):(CSI Detailer

)(File : 1.2.6
) (4.6 ) (File

:

)(4.6

(Save Detailing = Ctrl + S :

.1 )
) (ADI
.
(Export Detailing :
.2 )

) (5.6 ) (DXF ).(DWG

373
 SAFE
CSI Detailer . 6

1
2

3
4
5 6

)(5.6
.1 ).(DXF
.2 ).(DWG
.3 .
.4 .
.5 .
.6 .
.7 .

374
 SAFE
CSI Detailer . 6

(Print Detailing = Ctrl + P : .3 )

) (Office
) .(6.6

4
2

5
6
7

)(6.6
.1 ) .2 .(Office .3 . .4 .
) ( .5 . .6 . .7 . .

375
 SAFE
CSI Detailer . 6

(Print Tables : .4 )

) (Office ) (7.6 .

)(7.6

(Project Information : .5 )

).(8.6

376
 SAFE
CSI Detailer . 6

)(8.6
. :

377
 SAFE
CSI Detailer . 6

Return to SAFE = Ctrl + Q :(SAFE .6 )

) (CSI Detailer ).(SAFE

)(Edit : 2.2.6
) (9.6 ) (Edit
.
.

2
3
4
5

6
7
8
9
10
11

12
13
14

)(9.6

378
 SAFE
CSI Detailer . 6

.1 )(:
Undo = Ctrl + Z

.
.2 )(:
Cut = Ctrl + T

.
.3 )(:
Copy = Ctrl + C
.
.4 )(:
Paste = Ctrl + V
.
Delete .5 )(:
.
Edit Drawing Title .6 ) (:

) (3.6 .
Edit Slab Section Lines .7 ) (:
).(10.6

379
 SAFE
CSI Detailer . 6

)(10.6

Edit Mat Section Lines .8 ) (:

.
Edit Beam Section Lines .9 ) (:

).(11.6

380
 SAFE
CSI Detailer . 6

)(11.6

Edit Footing Section .10 ) (:

Lines
.
Edit Selected View .11 ) (:
Properties

.
Edit Drawing List .12 ) (:
.
Edit General Notes .13 ) (:
.
Check and Edit Reinforcement .14 ) (:

381
 SAFE
CSI Detailer . 6

) (12.6

.

)(12.6

382
 SAFE
CSI Detailer . 6

)(View : 3.2.6
) (13.6
.

1
2
3
4

)(13.6

Window Zoom .1 ) (:
.
Restore Full View .2 ) (:
.

383
 SAFE
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Previous Zoom .3 ) (:
.
Zoom In One Step .4 ) (:
.
Zoom Out One Step .5 ) (:
.
Pan .6 ) (:
.
Select All .7 ) (:
.
Clear Selection .8 ) (:
.
(Refresh View : .9 )
.

)(Drawing : 4.2.6
) (14.6
.
.

384
 SAFE
CSI Detailer . 6

.1 ) (:
Update and Refresh All Drawing

...

1
2

4
5
6
7
8

9
10
11

12

13
14
15
16

)(14.6

385
 SAFE
CSI Detailer . 6

Update Drawing References .2 ) (:

.
) (15.6 ) (Flowchart
.

)(15.6

(Add Blank Drawing : .3 )

386
 SAFE
CSI Detailer . 6

.
(Add Framing Plan : .4 )

).(16.6
1.4
2.4

3.4

4.4

)(16.6
1.4 .
2.4 .
3.4 .
4.4 .

(Add Slab Views : .5 )

) (17.6 .
1.5 1.1.5
2.5 2.1.5
3.5 3.1.5

4.5
5.5

)(17.6
1.1.5 1.5 .
2.1.5 . 2.1.5 . .
387
3.5 . 2.5 .
5.5 4.5 .
 SAFE
CSI Detailer . 6

(Add Beam Views : .6 )

)(18.6
.
1.6

2.6
3.6

)(18.6
1.6 .
2.6 .
3.6 .

(Add Mat Views : .7 )

.
(Add Footing Views : .8 )
.

388
 SAFE
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(Add Drawing List : .9 )

.
(Add General Notes : .10 )

.
(Add North Symbol : .11 )
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(Delete Current Drawing : .12 )
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(Align Selected Views : .13 )


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389
 SAFE
CSI Detailer . 6

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 SAFE
CSI Detailer . 6

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) (22.6 .

391

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 SAFE
CSI Detailer . 6

:
mm cm2
Diameter Area Rebar
mm cm2 ID
6.350 0.32 #2
9.525 0.71 #3
12.700 1.29 #4
18.75 2.00 #5
19.050 2.84 #6
22.225 3.87 #7
25.400 5.10 #8
28.651 6.45 #9
32.258 8.19 #10
35.814 10.06 #11
43.002 14.52 #14
57.328 25.81 #18
11.300 1.000 10M
16.000 2.010 15M
19.500 2.985 20M
25.200 4.985 25M
29.900 7.020 30M
35.700 10.005 35M
43.700 14.991 45M
56.400 24.971 55M

392
 SAFE
CSI Detailer . 6

mm cm2
Diameter Area Rebar
mm cm2 ID
6.00 0.280 6d
8.00 0.500 8d
10.00 0.785 10d
12.00 1.130 12d
14.00 1.538 14d
16.00 2.009 16d
20.00 3.140 20d
25.00 4.906 25d
26.00 5.307 26d
28.00 6.154 28d

(Slab rebar Schedule : .2 )

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 SAFE
CSI Detailer . 6

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CSI Detailer . 6

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 SAFE
CSI Detailer . 6

401


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11 1.1 .
13 2.1 .
14 3.1 .
14 4.1 .
16 5.1.
17 6.1.
17 7.1 .
18 8.1 .
19 . 9.1
20 10.1 .
20 11.1 .
21 12.1 .
21 1.12.1 .
22 . 2.12.1

22 . 3.12.1

23 4.12.1 .
23 . 5.12.1

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401
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25 14.1 .
25 1.14.1 .
25 1.1.14.1 .
26 2.1.14.1 .
26 3.1.14.1 .
27 2.14.1 .
28 3.14.1 .
28 1.3.14.1 .
28 2.3.14.1 .
30 15.1 .
30 1.15.1 .
31 2.15.1 .

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79 4.3.2 )(.
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91 6.3.2 )(.
93 7.3.2 )(.
103 8.3.2 )(.
107 9.3.2 )(.
115 10.3.2 )(.
120 11.3.2 )(.
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135 1.3 .
135 1.1.3.
137 2.1.3 .
140 3.1.3 .
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150 3.3 .
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164 3.3.3.3 .
167 4.3.3 .
167 1.4.3.3 .
167 2.4.3.3 .
170 4.3 .
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176 1.1.4 .
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215 2.2.4 .
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256 4.4 ) .(4 .
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275 3.4.4 .

282 1.5 ).(SAFE
282 1.1.5 .
288 2.1.5 .ETABS
296 3.1.5 ).(SAFE
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328 6.1.5 .
334 7.1.5 .
347 8.1.5 .
348 2.5 .
348 1.2.5 .
350 2.2.5 .

CSI Detailer
368 1.6 .
373 2.6 (CSI Detailer) .
373 )(File . 1.2.6
378 )(Edit . 2.2.6
382 )(View . 3.2.6
384 )(Drawing . 4.2.6
390 )(Tables . 5.2.6
395 )(Options . 6.2.6

406


ETABS & SAFE

407
408