SENTENCE TRANSFORMATION CONCEPTS (1)

1. BECAUSE - SO
BECAUSE is used to explain why an action is done.
EXAMPLE:
He ate the cake
- why did he eat the cake?
- BECAUSE he was hungry.

SO is used to explain the consequence of a situation.

EXAMPLE:He was hungry - SO he ate the cake.

BECAUSE and SO are related because CAUSE and CONSEQUENCE are related.

This means a sentence using BECAUSE can be transformed into a sentence using SO,
and a sentence using SO can be transformed into a sentence using BECAUSE.

Practice Exercises:
- John left the party (1).................. he felt sick.
-John felt sick (2)......................... he left the party.
- Frank couldn't play (3) ...he was injured.
- Frank was injured (4) ..he couldn't play in the match.
- She didn't pass the test (5) ..she didn't study.
- She didn't study (6) ..she didn't pass the test.

TYPICAL PET TRANSFORMATIONS:

I went to France because I wanted to improve my French.
I wanted to improve my French (7) ...I went to France.
2. NEVER BEFORE - FIRST TIME
I have never BEEN HERE BEFORE, means two things:
I am here now,
and, this is my FIRST TIME here.

So a sentence using BEEN HERE BEFORE can be transformed into a sentence using MY
FIRST TIME.
EXAMPLE: I have never eaten snails before.
This is the first time I am eating snails.

Exercises:
- Have you spoken to Maria (1).................... ?
- Is this the (2).................. you have spoken to Maria?
- We have never eaten here (3..) .
- This is the (4) ..we are eating here.
- I have never been in this shop (5)..................... .
- This is the (6)............................ that I have come into this shop.

Typical PET Transformations:

I've never been to this restaurant before.
This is the (7)............................ that I have been to this restaurant.

3. NOT AS GOOD AS - BETTER THAN - THE BEST

Maria is tall and David is tall.
To compare them, it is necessary to use TALLER THAN, and NOT AS TALL AS.
To identify the maximum, THE TALLEST is used.
EXAMPLE: Maria is TALLER THAN David.
If Maria is TALLER THAN David, then, David is NOT AS TALL AS Maria.
Also, If Maria is TALLER THAN David, then, Maria is THE TALLEST.

TALLER THAN can be transformed into NOT AS TALL AS.

EXAMPLE: Maria is TALLER THAN David.
David is NOT AS TALL AS Maria.
For words that are longer than TALL, like DIFFICULT, MORE and MOST are used.
EXAMPLE: Chinese is MORE DIFFICULT THAN Spanish.
and Spanish is NOT AS DIFFICULT AS Chinese.
also, Chinese is THE MOST difficult.

MORE DIFFICULT THAN can be transformed into NOT AS DIFFICULT AS.

EXAMPLE: Chinese is MORE DIFFICULT THAN Spanish.
Spanish is NOT AS DIFFICULT AS Chinese.

Possible answers:
A) as good as
B) better than
C) the best
D) worse than
E) not as bad as
F) the worst
G) the most expensive
H) not as expensive as
I) more expensive than
J) as good

Exercises:
-The food in the city is (1) ..the food in the market.
- The food in the market is not (2) ...the food in the city.
- The food in the city is (3.) .
- The blue jacket is (4) ..the red jacket.
- The red jacket is (5) .the blue jacket.
- the blue jacket is (6)............................... .

- Linda's behaviour was very bad. Dan's behaviour was good.

- Linda's behaviour was (7) ..Dan's behaviour.
- Dan's behaviour was (8) ...Linda's behaviour.
- Linda's behaviour was (9)............................

Typical PET Transformations::

The choice of food here is not as good as in the market.
The choice of food in the market is (10)................. here.
Fish is better for you than meat.
Meat isn't (11) ...for you as fish.

Living abroad is better than going on holiday.

Going on holiday isn't (12) . as living abroad.

That caf has better food than any other caf in the area.
That caf has (13) .food in the area.

Jane had a better seat than David.

David's seat is not (14) .as Jane's.
.

4. SHALL WE, LET'S, HOW ABOUT, WHY NOT, WHY DON'T WE

There are several ways of making suggestions in English, like,
SHALL WE, WHY DON'T WE, HOW ABOUT, WOULD YOU LIKE TO, LET'S , WHY
NOT..

They are used in the following way:

You go out with a friend and would like to suggest a trip to the cinema.
You could say
SHALL WE GO TO THE CINEMA ?
Or
WHY DON'T WE GO TO THE CINEMA?
Or
HOW ABOUT GOING TO THE CINEMA?
Or
WOULD YOU LIKE TO GO THE CINEMA?
Or
LET'S GO TO THE CINEMA.
Or
WHY NOT GO TO THE CINEMA?

Possible answers:
A) let's
B) about
C) would
D) don't
E) shall
F) not
G) like
Exercises:
I am free tomorrow. Why (1) ..we go fishing?
I am free tomorrow. How (2) ...going fishing?
I am free tomorrow. (3) ..we go fishing?
I am free tomorrow. (4) ...go fishing?
I am free tomorrow. Why (5).................................. go fishing?
I am free tomorrow. (6)........................... you like to go fishing?

Typical PET Transformations:

Shall we go into town this afternoon?
Would you (7) ...to go into town this afternoon.

What about playing the game now?

(8)........................ we play the game now?