61

B. Lengkapkan/ah ka/imat-ka/imat di bawah ini dengan menu/iskan 'slare atau are some pada
Contoh: There.,.. .. .six people Contoh: There
here. apples on the shelf.
Jawab: There are six people here. Jawab: There are some apples on the shelf.

1. There.. . twenty students in 4. There trees

that room. in the garden.
2. There. .. a refrigerator in my 5. There 10,000 books in the
kitchen. library.
3. There . a physics department 6. There. . clerks in
at the university. my office.

PELAJARAN NO. 15 - LESSON NO. 15

BAGA/MANA MENGH/NDAR/ BERULANGNYA PEMAKA/AN KATA BENDA (/anjutan)

PEMAKA/AN KA TA GANTI
Da/am Pe/ajaran 12 kita mempe/ajari
bagaimana kita menyebutkan kembeli kata benda yang sudah disebut sebelumnve. dan
cara kita menghindari pemekeien kata itu beru/ang-ka/i, yang kedengarannya keku.
(a) Kadang-kadang kita memakai the: I like that tune. - Well, I like the tune, but not the
words.(word = kata)
(b) Dan kita sering memakai ket ganti: I like that tune. - Yes, I like it too.
t. Kata ganti yang dipakai 0/ MUKA kata kerja (TlNJAUAN KEMBALI)

Mr Smart knows Chris. Mrs Smart likes Iwan.

t
HE knows Chris.
dan ~
SHE likes Iwan.
dan demikian pu/a ...

The rice is in the kitchen. It's in the kitchen. The eat's there too. It's there too.
Iwan and Chris are students. They're students. Their books are here. They're here.
(Dan tentu saja saudara tahu: L......you. . vee.: ....)

2. Kala ganti yang dipakai 0/ BELAKANG kata kerja Masih ingat kata it dari Pe/ajaran 121
(Lihat/ah contoh di atas.)

Mr Smart knows Chris. Mr Smart knows Chris. He teaches him. He likes

HE knows
t
HIM.
him,
(CATATAN:Hedimukakatakerja, him di be/akang
kata kerja.)
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Iwan likes Helen.

Iwan knows Helen. He often visits her. He likes

+
He likes HER.
her.

(CATATAN: She di muka kata kerjs, her di

be/akang kata kerja.)

Don meets a lot of people. He meets a lot of people. He talks to them about
~ insurance.
He meets THEM. (CATATAN: They di muka kata kerj. them di
be/akang kata kerja.)

I di muka kata kerje, tetepi me di be/akang kata kerja: I know YOU and YOU know ME.
(= Saya mengena/ saudara dan saudara mengena/ saya.)
We di muks ket kerja, us di be/akang kata kerja: WE know THEM and THEY know US.
(= Kami/Kita mengena/ mereka dan mereka mengena/ kami/kita.)

/KHT1SAR KATA GANT/

di muka kata kerja di be/akang kata kerja menunjukkan milik

Bentuk kuat B entuk /emah

(diberi tekanan) (tanpa tekanan)

I --+ me [MTj [mi] my

you you [YU] [yu] your

he --+ him [HIM] [im] his

she .~ her [Ha] [a] her

it it [IT] [at] its

we --+ us [AS] [as] our

they -+ them [DHEM] [dham] their

CA TATAN:
(i) Catatan mengenai BENTUK yang bermacam-macam
Perhatikan/ah bahwa beberapa kata ganti (misa/nya you) tidak berubah bentuknya meskipun
pemakaiannya berubah deri ke/ompok 1 ke ke/ompok 2. Da/am ikhtisar di etes. kata-kata ganti yang
berubah bentuknya ditandai dengan tanda panah. Pe/ajari/ah baik-baik.
{ii} Catatan mengenai UCAPAN kata-kata ganti yang baru
Beberapa kata ganti da/am bagian tengah ikhtisar di atas mempunyai dua ucapan yang berbeda
kuat (diberi tekanan) dan /emah (tanpa tekanan). Ucapan yang kuat (diberi tekanan) dipakai ka/au
kita ingin memberi tekanan yang khusus (istimewa) pada kata ganti tersebut. misa/nya da/am:
.... the word "him" [HIM].

Demikian pu/a: He doesn't want you, he wants us. [AS]

Ucapan yang /emah (tanpa tekanan) ada/ah ucapan yang umum. Misa/nya:
Do you know Chris? - Yes, I know him. [ai NOUwim]
Please visit us! [PLIZ VIZatas]
/ngat/ah! Bentuk yang /emah tidak pernah mendapat tekanan. Perhatikan perbedaan antara kedua
ke/ompok contoh di bawah ini.

1. Khusus (untuk memberi tekanan atau 2. Biasa (tekanan pada kata kerjs, bukan
membuatnya ber/awanan) orang)

Listen to him. [L1San ta HIM (NOT Ha)] [L1San tUwim] Pe/ajari/ah contoh
contoh ini dan
Listen to her. [L1San ta Ha (NOT HIM)] [L1San tllwa] ber/atih/ah
Listen to them. [L1San ta DHEM (NOT HIM)] [LlSan tUdham/tadham] mengucapkannya
Listen to us. [L1San mw_AS (NOT HIM)] [L1San tOwas] dengan keras!
Listen to it. .[L1San tOw_IT] (sangat jarang) [L1San tUwat]
 63

Dan apakah saudara memperhatikan bagaimana kata-kata da/am contoh-contoh ka/imat pada
ha/aman 62 dirangkaikan? Beberapa contoh /agi:
1. Tell us biasanya diucapkan [TELas], dan let her diucapkan [LETa] (sama dengan kata letter).
2. See you, yang biasa dipakai da/am percakapan sehari-hari dan dikatakan ka/au akan berpiseh,
diucapkan sebagai satu kata. Ka/au orang berbicara dengan cepet, ucapannya ia/ah [SIYa].
(iii) Catatan mengenai PEMAKA/AN kata ganti
/ngat/ah! Ka/au kita akan menyebut kemba/i suatu kata bende. kita harus memakai kata ganti di
be/akang kata kerja. Misa/nya:

Do you Iknow Chris I ? - Yes, I [kOOW}llffiJ

(Da/am ha/ ini, Yes, I
know sa/ah. Ka/imat ini
bererti: Ya, saya tahu
tentang ha/ itu.)
Does he ~e newspapeT] ? Yes, reads it I
(Da/am ha/ ini, Yes, he
reads sa/ah. Ka/imat ini
berarti dia dapat
membaca - tidak buta
huruf).
(Kata ganti dapat dihi/angkan hanya da/am jawaban yang pendek. Misa/nya,
Do you know Chris? - Yes, I do.)

BERSIAP-S/APLAH UNTUK MENDENGAR KATA-KATA DAN UNGKAPAN-UNGKAPAN /N/

DALAM S/ARAN

see [SI] = bertemu a pop star [POP sta] = bintang/penyanyi pop

miss [MIS] = merindukan a harbour [HAba] = pe/abuhan
he's got [hrz GOT] = dia ada/mempunyai a beach [BIC] = pantai
and so on [an SOUw_on] = dan sebagainya

BAG/AN 1/: SESUDAH S/ARAN

PERBENDAHARAAN KA TATAMBAHAN
What's on the radio? [WOTS_on dha REldiyou] = Apa acaranya di radio?
You're impossible! [YO( 8) UmPOSabal] = Kamu ini rewe/ seka/i.
I'm not going to [aim NOT GOUwing tU/ta] = Saya tidak akan ....
I'm sure that [aim SYO( 8) dhat] = Saya yakin bahwa ....
They're the same everywhere. [DHE8 dha SEIM_EVriwea] = Mereka sama saja di mana-mana.
They ask us to the beach. = They invite us (to go) to the beach. [dheiy-ASK_as ta dha BIC] =
Mereka mengajak kitslkemi pergi ke pantai.
explain [iksPLEI N] = menerangkan
tease [TIZ] = menqqodeimemperotok-olok
She's great. [syiZ GREIT] = Dia hebat.
I don't mean .... [ai DOUNT MIN] = Maksud saya bukan .
I mean .... [ai MIN] = Maksud saya/Yang saya maksud .
64

Beberapa ungkapan yang berguna dalam percakapan

1. I mean: Ungkapan ini dipakai untuk menjelaskan apa yang kite katakan. Dan lebih sering lagi kalau
kita sedang mencari kata yang tepat untuk menyatakan maksud kite dengan lebih [eles, atau
kalau kita ingin membetulkan apa yang baru saja kita katakan:
He lives in number 15, I mean 50.
Kadang-kadang ungkapan ini kita pakai kalau kita merasa bingung atau malu:
CHRIS: I think you like Helen, Iwan.

IWAN: Well ... I don't know ... I ... I mean ... ves.j do!

2. and so on [a n SOlNv_on] = dan sebagainya

3.... I think [ai THINGI<] = saya kira
PERCAKAPAN
HADI: Have you got a girlfriend?
BI LL: Of course! I see her every day. She's great. And her parents are nice too. I like them.
HADI: Do they like you?
BI LL: I think they do ... I mean ... I don't know. I think they like me. They often ask me - and my
girlfriend - they often ask us to the beach with them ... oh, and to picnics and barbecues, and
so on.
HADI: I think they like you, then!

LATIHAN
Jawablah pertanyaan-pertanyaan di bawah ini.
Contoh: Does she clean the kitchen? - Yes, every day.

Jawab: Yes, she cleans it every day.

1. Does she know Iwan? - Yes, well.
2. Does she see Mrs Smart? - Yes, every day.
3. Does she use the typewriter? - Yes, every
day.
4. Does she visit her parents? - Yes, often.
5. Does she like Anne? - Yes, a lot.
6. Does she teach Sue and Bill? - Yes, every
day.
7. Does she do the accounts? - Yes, every
month.
8. Do we know you? - Yes, of course you ....

PELAJARAN NO. 16 - LESSON NO. 16

BAGIAN I: SEBELUM SIARAN

BEBERAPA KATA KETERANGAN YANG BERGUNA

1. Always [OLweiz] = selalu
Don reads the paper every evening. -+ He always reads the paper in the evening.
Jane cleans the house every morning. -+ She always cleans the house in the morning.
2. Usually [YOzyua li] = biasanya
Iwan doesn't always speak English. He usually speaks Indonesian.

Bill doesn't always drive to the city. (Bill tidak selalu naik mobil ke kota.) He usually goes by bus.

(Dia biasanya naik bis.)

3. Never [NEVa] = tidak pernah

Chris never speaks Indonesian.

Don never eats mangoes. = Don tidak pernah makan mangga.

Mr Smart never goes to the city.