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1. Three loads, each of resistance 50 are connected in star to a 400 V, 3-phase supply. Determine
(a) the phase voltage, (b) the phase current and (c) the line current.
VL 400
Hence, phase voltage, VP = 231 V
3 3
VP 231
(b) Phase current, I P = 4.62 A
R P 50
2. A star-connected load consists of three identical coils, each of inductance 159.2 mH and resistance
50 . If the supply frequency is 50 Hz and the line current is 3 A determine (a) the phase voltage
Vp
For a star connection, IL = Ip =
Zp
3. Three identical capacitors are connected in star to a 400 V, 50 Hz, 3-phase supply. If the line
VL 400
VL 3 VP hence, VP = 231 V
3 3
VP 231 1
XC 19.25 thus, 19.25
IP 12 2 f C
1
and capacitance, C = = 165.4 F
2 50 19.25
4. Three coils each having resistance 6 and inductance L H are connected in star to a 415 V, 50 Hz,
VL 415
VL 3 VP hence, VP = 239.6 V
3 3
VP 239.6
ZL 7.987 thus, R 2 XL 2 7.987
IP 30
Hence, 5.272 = 2π f L
5.272
and inductance, L = = 16.78 mH
2 50
5. A 400 V, 3-phase, 4 wire, star-connected system supplies three resistive loads of 15 kW, 20 kW
and 25 kW in the red, yellow and blue phases respectively. Determine the current flowing in each
VL 400
For a star connected system, VL 3 VP from which, VP = 230.94 V
3 3
P
Power, P = VI for a resistive load, hence I
V
PR 15000 PY 20000
Thus, IR = 64.95 A, IY = 86.60 A
VR 230.94 VY 230.94
The phasor diagram of the three currents is shown in (i) below. Adding phasorially gives diagram
(i) (ii)
Total horizontal component = 64.95 cos 90 + 108.25 cos 210 + 86.60 cos 330 = - 18.75
Total vertical component = 64.95 sin 90 + 108.25 sin 210 + 86.60 sin 330 = - 32.475
1. Three loads, each of resistance 50 are connected in delta to a 400 V, 3-phase supply.
Determine (a) the phase voltage, (b) the phase current and (c) the line current.
VP 400
(b) Phase current, I P =8A
RP 50
2. Three inductive loads each of resistance 75 and inductance 318.4 mH are connected in delta to a
415 V, 50 Hz, 3-phase supply. Determine (a) the phase voltage, (b) the phase current, and (c) the
line current.
VP 415
Phase current, I P = 3.32 A
ZP 125
3. Three identical capacitors are connected in delta to a 400 V, 50 Hz, 3-phase supply. If the line
IL 12
For a delta connection, IL 3 IP hence IP 6.93 A
3 3
© John Bird Published by Taylor and Francis 254
VL VP = 400 V
VP 400 1
XC 57.74 thus, 57.74
I P 6.93 2 f C
1
and capacitance, C = = 55.13 F
2 50 57.74
4. Three coils each having resistance 6 and inductance L H are connected in delta, to a 415 V,
IL 30
For a delta connection, IL 3 IP hence IP 17.32 A
3 3
VL VP = 415 V
VP 415
ZP 23.96 thus, 23.96 = R 2 XL 2 62 XL2
I P 17.32
23.197
Hence, inductance, L = = 73.84 mH
2 50
load at a line voltage of 380 V. Calculate (a) the phase voltage of the alternator, (b) the alternator
VL 380
(a) In star, VL 3 VP from which, phase voltage of alternator, VP = 219.4 V
3 3
IL 65
(c) In delta, IL 3 IP from which, load phase angle, IP = 37.53 A
3 3
of capacitance must be connected in delta in order to take the same line current?
VL 400
In star, VL 3 VP hence, VP = 230.94 V
3 3
1 1
XC = 132.63
2 f C 2 50 24 106
VP 230.94
Hence, IP = 1.741 A = line current for star connection.
X C 132.63
1.741
In delta, if IL 1.741 3 IP hence, IP = 1.00517 A
3
VP VL 400 1
XC = 397.94 i.e. 397.94 =
IP I P 1.00517 2 f C
1
from which, capacitance in delta, C = = 8 F
2 50 397.94
1. Determine the total power dissipated by three 20 resistors when connected (a) in star and
440
(a) In star, VL 440V 3 VP hence, VP 254 V
3
VP 254
and IP 12.70 A I L
RP 20
P = 3I P 2 R P 3 12.70 20 = 9.68 kW
2
or
VP 440
(b) In delta, VL VP 440 V and IP 22 A
RP 20
IL 3 IP 3 22 = 38.11 A
P = 3I P 2 R P 3 22 20 = 1350 W = 29.04 kW
2
or
2. Determine the power dissipated in the circuit of Problem 2, Exercise 112, page 327.
X 50
Circuit phase angle, ϕ = tan 1 L tan 1 tan 1 1 45
R 50
P = 3I P 2 R P 3 3 50 = 1.35 kW
2
or
3. A balanced delta-connected load has a line voltage of 400 V, a line current of 8 A and a lagging
power factor of 0.94. Draw a complete phasor diagram of the load. What is the total power
8
Line current = 8 A Phase current = = 4.62 A
3
From the diagram above, IR IRY IBR , IY IYB IRY and IB IBR IYB
The complete phasor diagram is shown below, with the line current lagging the line voltage by
19.95º
= 5210 W = 5.21 kW
connected to a 3-phase supply the loads consume 1.2 kW. Calculate (a) the power factor of the
load, (b) the phase current, (c) the line current and (d) the supply voltage.
X 9
and phase angle, tan 1 L tan 1 66.04
R 4
1200
from which, phase current, I P = 10 A
3(4)
1200
from which, supply voltage, VL = 98.53 V
3 (17.32)(0.406)
5. The input voltage, current and power to a motor is measured as 415 V, 16.4 A and 6 kW
6000
from which, cos = power factor of system = = 0.509
3 (415)(16.4)
6. A 440 V, 3-phase a.c. motor has a power output of 11.25 kW and operates at a power facror of
0.8 lagging and with an efficiency of 84%. If the motor is delta connected determine (a) the
power input, (b) the line current and (c) the phase current.
11250
from which, power input = = 13393 W or 13.39 kW
0.84
P 13393
(b) Power, P = 3 VL IL cos hence, line current, IL = 21.97 A
3 VL cos 3 440 0.80
I L 21.97
(c) In delta, IL 3 IP from which, phase current, I P = 12.68 A
3 3
1. Two wattmeters are connected to measure the input power to a balanced three-phase load. If the
wattmeter readings are 9.3 kW and 5.4 kW determine (a) the total output power, and (b) the load
power factor
Determine the reading of each wattmeter if the power factor of the system is 0.85
If power factor = 0.85, then cos = 0.85 and phase angle, = cos 1 0.85 = 31.79
P P P P
Hence, tan = 0.6197 = 3 1 2 3 1 2
P1 P2 8
from which, P1 P2
0.6197 8 = 2.862 (2)
3
10.862
from which, P1 = 5.431 kW
2
Thus the readings of the two wattmeters are: 5.431 kW and 2.569 kW
readings on the wattmeters are 7.5 kW and 2.5 kW, the connections to one of the coils on the meter
reading 2.5 kW having to be reversed. Determine (a) the total input power, and (b) the load power
factor
Since the reversing switch on the wattmeter had to be operated the 2.5 kW reading is taken as
– 2.5 kW
P P 7.5 (2.5) 10
(b) tan = 3 1 2 = 3 = 3 2 3
P1 P2 7.5 (2.5) 5
4. Three similar coils, each having a resistance of 4.0 and an inductive reactance of 3.46 are
connected (a) in star and (b) in delta across a 400 V, 3-phase supply. Calculate for each
connection the readings on each of two wattmeters connected to measure the power by the two-
wattmeter method.
VL 400
Hence, VP = 230.94 V
3 3
VP 230.94
Phase current, I P = 43.664 A
ZP 5.289
X 3.46
Phase angle, = tan 1 L tan 1 40.86
R 4
P P P P
and tan 40 86 = 3 1 2 3 1 2 from (1)
P1 P2 22.879
34.305
and P1 = = 17.15 kW
2
VP 400
Phase current, I P = 75.629 A
ZP 5.289
P P P P
tan 40 86 = 3 1 2 3 1 2 from (3)
P1 P2 68.637
68.637 tan 40.86
from which, P1 - P2 =
3
i.e. P1 - P2 = 34.278 (4)
102.915
and P1 = = 51.46 kW
2
5. A 3-phase, star-connected alternator supplies a delta connected load, each phase of which has a
resistance of 15 and inductive reactance 20 . If the line voltage is 400 V, calculate (a) the
current supplied by the alternator and (b) the output power and kVA rating of the alternator,
neglecting any losses in the line between the alternator and the load.
Vp
(a) Considering the load: Phase current, Ip =
Zp
Vp 400
Hence, Ip = = = 16 A
Zp 25
(b) Alternator output power is equal to the power dissipated by the load
Rp 15
i.e. P = 3 VL IL cos , where cos = = = 0.6
Zp 25
series. Determine, when connected to a 415 V, 50 Hz, 3-phase supply (a) the phase current,
(b) the line current, (c) the total power dissipated, and (d) the kVA rating of the load.
1 1
(a) Capacitive reactance, X C 79.58
2 f C 2 50 40 106
VP VL 415
Phase current, I P = 4.66 A (since VP VL in delta)
ZP ZP 89.067
RP 40
(c) From the impedance triangle, cos = = 0.449
ZP 89.067