CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY

KA10802
CHAPTER 1:
INTRODUCTION TO CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY
 Synopsis
This chapter covers basic construction
techniques, equipments, plants and methods
used in construction.

This is to enable the students to understand

the construction methods, techniques and
plants adopted at the site and the
considerations made in selecting them.
 Introduction to Construction
At the end of this lecture, students will be able
to:
Identify construction systems, vertical
construction and horizontal construction.
Identify the various groups in construction
industry.
 Construction in Civil Engineering
Construction is a process that consists of the
building or assembling of infrastructure.
Multitasking.
Normally the job is managed by the project
manager and supervised by
Construction manager,
Design engineer,
Construction engineer or Project architect.
CONSTRUCTION IN CIVIL ENGINEERING

For the successful execution of a project,

effective planning is essential.
Those involved with the design and
execution of the infrastructure must
consider the following factors:

Environmental
Scheduling Budget Site Safety
Impact

Preparation of
Material
Logistics Social Costs tender
Availability
documents
Types of Construction Projects
In general, there are three types of
construction:
• Building construction
• Heavy/civil construction
• Industrial construction

Each type of construction project

requires a unique team to plan,
design, construct, and maintain the
project.
The Building Team
 Owner
Owner is the party that has exclusive rights and
control over a given property. Owner can be:-

Malaysian Government
Private sector
Corporate sector
Individual
Developer
Malaysian Government
Federal Government

State Government

District office Town council

Malaysian Citizens
Agencies in Ministry Of Works
 Consultant
• A consultant is a professional who provides
advice in a particular area of expertise.
• A consultant is usually an expert or a
professional in a specific field and has a
wide knowledge of the subject matter.
• A consultant usually works for a consultancy
firm or is self-employed, and engages with
multiple and changing clients.
• The biggest construction consultant in
Malaysia is JKR.
JKR core business
• Consulting services
• Project management services
• Maintenance management services
 JKR sectors
• Infrastructure
Airport & Port Unit
Road and Transport Unit
Geotechnical/ Slope Unit
• Building
General building unit
Health works unit
Education unit
Security unit
• Specialized Engineering
Mechanical unit
Electrical unit
Contract and QS
Specialized unit
Environmental unit
Architect unit
 Contractor
• Contractor may refer to:
Organization or individual that contracts
with another organization or individual (the
owner) for the construction of a building,
road or other facility.

Contractor can be:

Main contractor
Sub contractor
Licensed contractor
Un-licensed contractor
Class of Contractor in Malaysia
Class Project Cost (RM)

A More than RM 10,000,000

B RM 5,000,001 to RM 10,000,000

C RM 2,000,001 to RM 5,000,000

D RM 500,001 to RM 2,000,000

E RM 200,001 to RM 500,000

F to RM 200,000
 CONSTRUCTION PROCESS
In general (differs from small to large projects):-

 Recognizing the need for the project

 Determining the technical and financial
feasibility
 Preparing detail plans, specifications and
cost estimation
 Obtaining approval from regulatory agencies
such as zoning regulations, building codes
and environmental. Needs, idea, conceptual
design, financial and legal considerations.
 Details design, budgeting and contract
document.
 Tendering, project offer and construction
works
 CONSTRUCTION PROCESS
• Various types of CE Drawings require
approval from several agencies/departments:

CE Drawing Agency/ Deparment

Drainage Drainage and Irrigation

Department (DID)

Sewage/ Wastewater Current: Local Municipal

Council (e.g. DBKK)
*Near Future: JKR
Fire Safety Fire Department/ Bomba
Discipline in Construction Industry
 Technical aspect
 Knowledge of business
 Management

In-line with technology developments

 Equipments
 Materials
 Construction methods
1. BUILDING TECHNOLOGY
a. Conventional or Traditional method
b. Modern or Industrialized methods
 Interlocking brick
  Timber composite

LVL OSB Plywood Densified

board

Prefabricated I-joists with laminated veneer lumber flanges and

structural panel webs. (A) a hardboard web
(B) oriented strandboard and (C) plywood webs.
 Polymer composite in
the construction of the
bridge

Polymer deck
panel
 Steel/RP plates, rods or bolts are bonded into
timber with high strength adhesives to
produce concealed timber connections.

Bonded-in rod
 2. Equipments & Instruments
 Function, types, capabilities and selection
Aim of building:
To produce a structure at reasonable
cost and sound workmanship within an
acceptable period.
In Civil Eng., Plants are defined as
“Mobile mechanical equipment for
construction and road-making”
Plants available in building construction
are very extensive, ranging from simple
hand tools to very expensive
equipment.
Main reasons for electing use items of
plant:
Increase of output
Reduce overall building costs
Carry out activities which cannot be
done manually or to do them more
economically
Eliminate heavy manual works
Maintain a planned rate of
production
 Small Powered Plant

ELECTRIC HAND TOOLS

Typical electric drill
- Boring holes into timber,
masonry and metal.

Air Compressor :
Provides pneumatic pressure
 Cartridge hammer/ guns
used for quick fixing
components

Concrete vibrator
- Concrete compaction

Power float
- hand-operated machines which
drives the revolving blades/disc.
- To produce smooth, level
surface finish of concrete beds.
Earth Moving and Excavation Plant

Bulldozer

Tractor shovel
Scraper
- Excavate and
transport soil

Face shovel
- Excavation works

Trench-digging machine
- Excavate trenches
 Construction Industry Group
Divided into :-
1.Building (Vertical Construction)
– Buildings and heavy construction
 Construction Industry Group
2. Civil Engineering (Horizontal construction)
– Highways
– Airports
– Railroads
– Bridges
– Canals
– Dams
– Other major public works
 Quiz

1. What is IBS? Define IBS in your

own words.
2. What is sustainability?
 Quiz
1. What is IBS? Define IBS in your
own words.
Industrialized Building System
(IBS) is the term to represent the
prefabrication and construction
industrialization concept in
Malaysia.
Shift from typical paradigm of
prefabricated systems, where IBS
has been introduced as a
method with better productivity,
quality and safety.
 Quiz
2. What is sustainability?
Sustainability may be defined as meeting the needs of the
present generation without compromising the ability of future
generations to meet their needs.

 By consuming irreplaceable fossil fuels and other non-

renewable resources,
 Using destructive forestry practices that degrade natural
ecosystems,
 Allowing topsoil to be eroded by wind and water, and
 Generating substances that pollute water, soil, and air,
 We will make it difficult the future generation to meet their
needs for communities, buildings, and healthy lives.
 Case Study of Tall Buildings

Shanghai World
Jin Mao Tower, Petronas Twin 21st Century Tower,
Financial Center,
China Towers, Malaysia China
China

Abraj Al-Bait
(Mecca Royal Hotel Bank of China Tokyo Sky Tree,
Taipei 101, Taiwan
Clock Tower), Saudi Tower, HK Japan
Arabia

Burj Khalifa Tower, Bahrain World Trade HSB Turning Torso,

Aspire Tower, Qatar
UAE Centre Sweden

CCTV
Commerzbank
Headquarters, O-14, UAE Princess Tower,UAE
Tower, Frankfurt
Beijing, China
Group Project
(Case Study of Tall Buildings)
For the case study, the following must be outlined in the
report:
1. Introduction
a. Main Use of the Building
b. Background
c. Structural Type – Skyscraper/ Tower?
2. Materials used
3. Procedure/ Method of Construction
4. Problems/Challenges encountered and the solution
5. Conclusion (Conclude the findings, lessons learned and
learning outcomes)
Group Project
(Case Study of Tall Buildings)
TIP:
Highlight the modern features of the building e.g. sustainable
design, designs to sustain non-typical loads, or use of smart
materials.
Include video/photos of the construction process.
An overview of the building plan is considered a bonus.