You are on page 1of 20

1̈ˆâ>Vˆ˜Ê

`iʏœÃÊ,iÈ`՜ÃÊ
`iʏœÃÊ
"À}?˜ˆVœÃÊi˜Ê
>Ê}ÀˆVՏÌÕÀ>

Fundación para la
investigación y
desarrollo agrícola
− .PSFM +.FUIPETGPSUIFFWBMVBUJPOPGUIFNBUVSJUZPGNVOJDJQBMSFGVTFDPNQPTU*O$PNQPTUJOHPG
"HSJDVMUVSBMBOEPUIFS8BTUFT-POEPO 6,1Q

− 3FTUSFQP  +. 7JMMBEB  % )BJO  6  (V¥B QFEBH™HJDB QBSB FTUVEJBS FM NBOFKP EF MPT SFDVSTPT
OBUVSBMFTZFMBNCJFOUF5BMMFSEFDPOTFSWBDJ™OZNBOFKPEFTVFMPT'*%"36/*7&34*%"%%&(6*&44&/


$BMJ $PMPNCJBQ

3FTUSFQP +.7JMMBEB %$POP[DBNPTZDPOTFSWFNPTFMTVFMP'VOEBDJ™OQBSBMBJOWFTUJHBDJ™OZ


FM %FTBSSPMMP "HS¥DPMB '*%"3
 1SPHSBNB /BDJPOBM EF 5SBOTGFSFODJB EF 5FDOPMPH¥B "HSPQFDVBSJB 
1̈ˆâ>Vˆ˜Ê

130/"55""HFODJBEF$PPQFSBDJ™O5¤DOJDB"MFNBOB (5; $BMJ $0Q .BOVBMEFFTUVEJPTFSJFTVFMP
/


3FTUSFQP  +. 7JMMBEB %  (V¥B EF FOTBZPT TPCSF DPOTFSWBDJ™O EFM TVFMP 'VOEBDJ™O QBSB MB
`iʏœÃÊ,iÈ`՜ÃÊ
`iʏœÃÊ
JOWFTUJHBDJ™O Z FM %FTBSSPMMP "HS¥DPMB '*%"3
 1SPHSBNB /BDJPOBM EF 5SBOTGFSFODJB EF 5FDOPMPH¥B
"HSPQFDVBSJB 130/"55""HFODJBEF$PPQFSBDJ™O5¤DOJDB"MFNBOB (5; $BMJ $0Q .BOVBMEF
FTUVEJPTFSJFTVFMP/
 "À}?˜ˆVœÃÊi˜Ê
>Ê}ÀˆVՏÌÕÀ>
− 3FTUSFQP +.7JMMBEB %$POP[DBNPTZDPOTFSWFNPTFMTVFMP$BSUJMMBEFFTUVEJP/ 4FSJF
TVFMPT$BMJ $PMPNCJB

− 4UFWFOTPO 'Z&MMJPU &.FUIPEPMPHJFTGPSBTTFTTJOHUIFRVBMJUZBOERVBOUJUZPGTPJMPSHBOJDNBUUFS


*O$PMFNBO %$ FUBM5SPQJDBMTPJMPSHBOJDNBUUFS6)BXBJJ )POPMVMVQQ

Fundación para la
investigación y
desarrollo agrícola

 6UJMJ[BDJ™OEFMPT3FTJEVPT0SH×OJDPTFOMB"HSJDVMUVSB
11. Bibliografía consultada
− $BMEFS™O  FE
5BMMFS5FDOPMPH¥BQBSBMB1SPEVDDJ™OEF"CPOPT0SH×OJDPT.FNPSJBT'*%"3o
.%'/6''*$1BMNJSB $PMPNCJBQ

− 'VFOUFT  1  &GFDUPT EFM DPOUFOJEP EF IVNFEBE FO MB FMBCPSBDJ™O EF -PNCSJBCPOP  *OTUJUVUP
"HSPU¤DOJDP1FESP.'VFOUFT3FTJTUFODJB "SHFOUJOBQ

6UJMJ[BDJ™OEFMPT3FTJEVPT0SH×OJDPTFOMB"HSJDVMUVSB − (™NF[ +-BNBUFSJBPSH×OJDBFOMPTBHSPFDPTJTUFNBT6OJWFSTJEBE/BDJPOBMEF$PMPNCJB TFEF


4FQFSNJUFMBSFQSPEVDDJ™OUPUBMPQBSDJBMDJUBOEPFMBVUPS 1BMNJSB$BMJ $PMPNCJB&EJUPSJBM'&3*7"4"Q

− (™NF[ +"CPOPTPSH×OJDPT6OJWFSTJEBE/BDJPOBMEF$PMPNCJB TFEF1BMNJSB$BMJ $PMPNCJB


*4#/
&EJUPSJBM'&3*7"4"Q
'*%"3'VOEBDJ™OQBSBMB*OWFTUJHBDJ™OZFM%FTBSSPMMP"HS¥DPMB − (™NF[  +  5BMMFS 3FDVSTPT 0SH×OJDPT QBSB MB "HSJDVMUVSB .FNPSJBT '*%"3.%'/6''*$
XXXmEBSPSH $PDIBCBNCB #PMJWJBQ

"6503&4 − (™NF[ +.JSBOEB +4×ODIF[ .&MTVFMPFYUSBDDJ™OEF×DJEPTI£NJDPTZTVVUJMJ[BDJ™OFOMB


+PT¤.3FTUSFQP'*%"3 BHSJDVMUVSB*OTUJUVUPEF&TUVEJPT"NCJFOUBMFT*%&"6OJWFSTJEBE/BDJPOBMEF$PMPNCJB TFEF1BMNJSB 
+BJSP(™NF[$POTVMUPS $PMPNCJBQ
3PPTFWFMU&TDPCBS$*"5
− (™NF[ %7×TRVF[ ."CPOPTPSH×OJDPT1SPHSBNB1ZNF3VSBM'VOEBDJ™O4VJ[BEF$PPQFSBDJ™O
XXXDJBUDHJBSPSH QBSBFM%FTBSSPMMP5¤DOJDP 4XJTTDPOUBDU
5FHVDJHBMQB )POEVSBTQ
$FOUSP*OUFSOBDJPOBMEF"HSJDVMUVSB5SPQJDBM$*"5
− 0LVNPUP 46TPEFJOPDVMBOUFNJDSPCJBOPQBSBMBFMBCPSBDJ™OEFBCPOPPSH×OJDP6OJWFSTJEBE
­SFBEF*OWFTUJHBDJ™OFO"HSPCJPEJWFSTJEBE
&"35)5BMMFSEF"CPOPTPSH×OJDPT$PTUB3JDBQ

'PUPHSBG¥BT+PT¤.3FTUSFQP'*%"3 − .BNBOJ 1$I×WF[ &0SUV¯P / &M#JPMCJPGFSUJMJ[BOUFDBTFSP1BSBMBQSPEVDDJ™OFDPM™HJDBEF


/FJM1BMNFS$*"5 DVMUJWPT130*/1"1MBDJU$PMPNJ$046%&$PDIBCBNCB #PMJWJB%PDVNFOUPEFDBQBDJUBDJ™OQ

FKFNQMBSFTJNQSFTPT − 1¤SF[ 4­DJEPTI£NJDPTZGVMWJDPTFOMBGFSUJMJ[BDJ™OPSH×OJDB6OJWFSTJEBE$BU™MJDB4BOUP5PSJCJPEF


.PHSPWFEP $IJDMBZP 1FS£Q
%JBHSBNBDJ™OF*NQSFTJ™O
(SBmUFYUPT $BMJ − .FM¤OEF[ (3FTJEVPTPSH×OJDPTZNBUFSJBPSH×OJDB$FOUSPEFJOWFTUJHBDJPOFTBHSPO™NJDBT5BMMFS
EFBCPOPTPSH×OJDPT$"5*&$"/*"/6OJWFSTJEBEEF$PTUB3JDBQ

6UJMJ[BDJ™OEFMPT3FTJEVPT0SH×OJDPTFOMB"HSJDVMUVSB 
!
Contenido
10. Medidas de precaución 1BH

*/530%6$$*Ë/ 
para el manejo de los 1301Ë4*50%&-."/6"- 

abonos orgánicos *.1035"/$*"%&-46&-0&/-""(3*$6-563" 


$PNQPTJDJ™O 
5BNB¯PEFMBTQBSU¥DVMBTEFMTVFMP UFYUVSB
 
"HSFHBEPTEFMTVFMP 
− $VBOEPTFWBBFMBCPSBSPUSBOTGPSNBSVOBCPOPPSH×OJDP VTBSHBGBT HVBOUFTQM×TUJDPTZDBSFUB 1FSmMEFMTVFMP 
QSPUFDUPSB 'FSUJMJEBE 
0SHBOJTNPTZNBUFSJBPSH×OJDB 
&GFDUPTCFO¤mDPTEFMBNBUFSJBPSH×OJDB
− &NQMFBSSPQBEFUFMBHSVFTB QSFGFSJCMFNFOUFEFNBOHBMBSHBZCPUBTEFDBVDIPBMUBT
13*/$*1"-&43&4*%60403(­/*$04
− &WJUFFMDPOUBDUPDPOMBQJFM PKPTZMBCPDB 3FTJEVPTVSCBOPT
3FTJEVPTBHSPJOEVTUSJBMFT 
3FTJEVPTBHSPQFDVBSJPT 
− /PTFEFCFJOHFSJSBMJNFOUPTPGVNBSNJFOUSBTTFNBOJQVMBOMPTBCPOPTPSH×OJDPT 3FTJEVPTEFMPTDVFSQPTEFBHVB 
3FTUSJDDJPOFTQBSBFMVTPBHS¥DPMBEFMPTSFTJEVPTGSFTDPT 
− 4FEFCFDBNCJBSMBSPQB CB¯BSTFZMBWBSTFMBTNBOPTTJTFUSBCBKBQPSWBSJBTIPSBTDPOMB
NBOJQVMBDJ™OEFMPTBCPOPT 130$&404%&)"#*-*5"$*Ë/
5SPDFBEPZNPMJEP 
*NCJCJDJ™O 
− 4JTFQSFTFOUBOBMFSHJBTPJSSJUBDJ™OEFMPTPKPTPQJFM BMNBOJQVMBSMPTBCPOPTTFEFCFMBWBSMB *ODJOFSBDJ™O 
QBSUFBGFDUBEBDPOBHVBZTJMPTT¥OUPNBTQFSTJTUFOTFEFCFDPOTVMUBSVON¤EJDP -BWBEP 
.F[DMBT 
4PCSFNBEVSBDJ™O 
'SBDDJPOBNJFOUP 
 3FGPS[BNJFOUP 

130$&401"3"&-"#03"3&-$0.1045
{2V¤FTFMDPNQPTU  
4FMFDDJ™OEFMPTNBUFSJBMFT
'BDUPSFTBUFOFSFODVFOUBQBSBFMBCPSBSVOCVFODPNQPTU 
1BTPTBTFHVJSQBSBMBFMBCPSBDJ™OEFVOCVFODPNQPTU 
&WBMVBDJ™OEFMBDBMJEBEEFMDPNQPTU
&OSJRVFDJNJFOUPEFMDPNQPTU 
1SPCMFNBTRVFTFQSFTFOUBOFOMBTDPNQPTUFSBT &NQMFPEFMIVNVTM¥RVJEPFODVMUJWPTBHS¥DPMBT
)VNVT
-0.#3*$6-563"  &MIVNVTM¥RVJEPTFQVFEFBQMJDBSEFEPTGPSNBTBM
3FRVFSJNJFOUPTBNCJFOUBMFTQBSBTVEFTBSSPMMP  TVFMPPQPSW¥BGPMJBS
*OGSBFTUSVDUVSBQBSBFMFTUBCMFDJNJFOUPEFMPNCSJDFSBT 5SBUBNJFOUPDPO«MDBMJ 1BSBBQMJDBSMPBMTVFMPMBEPTJTN×TSFDPNFOEBEBFT
&TUBCMFDJNJFOUPEFMBTMPNCSJDFTFOMBTDBNBT 'SBDDJØO*OTPMVCMF 'SBDDJØO4PMVCMF
MB EF QSFQBSBS VOB TPMVDJ™O BM  EF ×DJEPT
$PTFDIB 
I£NJDPTZG£MWJDPT EJMVZFOEPFTUBDBOUJEBEFO
$BMJEBEEFMMPNCSJDPNQPTU 
MJUSPT EF BHVB 4J FM ×SFB EFM DVMUJWP EPOEF WBNPT
130%6$$*Ë/%&"#0/0'&3.&/5"%0#0$"4)* BQMJDBS FT QFRVF¯B  TF QVFEF QSFQBSBS  NM EF
)VNJOB 4VTUBODJBT)ÞNJDBT ×DJEPTI£NJDPTZG£MWJDPTFOMJUSPTEFBHVB
&MBCPSBDJ™OEFMBCPOPGFSNFOUBEPi#PDBTIJw  &YUSBÓCMFT
1SJODJQBMFTGBDUPSFTBDPOTJEFSBSFOMBFMBCPSBDJ™OEFMi#PDBTIJw 
*OHSFEJFOUFTC×TJDPTFOMBFMBCPSBDJ™OEFM#PDBTIJ  1BSBMBBQMJDBDJ™OQPSW¥BGPMJBSTFFNQMFBVOBEPTJT
$POEJDJPOFTBUFOFSFODVFOUBQBSBMBFMBCPSBDJ™OEFMBCPOP#PDBTIJ  5SBUBNJFOUPDPO«DJEP NVDIPNFOPS VOMJUSPEFIVNVTEFMTFEJMVZF
1BTPTBTFHVJSQBSBFMBCPSBSBCPOP#PDBTIJ FOMJUSPTEFBHVBPTFBNMFOMJUSPTEFBHVB
 $PNPSFDPNFOEBDJ™OHFOFSBM QBSBVTPFE×mDPTF
130%6$$*Ë/%&-"#0/003(­/*$0#*0-  VUJMJ[BO BRVFMMBT TVTUBODJBT I£NJDBT FO EPOEF
{2V¤FTFMCJPM   QSFEPNJOBOMPT×DJEPTI£NJDPTTPCSFMPTG£MWJDPT
{2V¤FTMBGFSNFOUBDJ™O   1BSB BQMJDBDJPOFT GPMJBSFT TF EFCF QSFGFSJS MBT
&MBCPSBDJ™OEFMCJPM TVTUBODJBT I£NJDBT EPOEF QSFEPNJOBO MPT ×DJEPT
1SFQBSBDJ™OEFMCJPM  *OTPMVCMF 4PMVCMF
«DJEPT)ÞNJDPT «DJEPT'ÞMWJWPT G£MWJDPT (™NF[ +.JSBOEB FUBM

"QMJDBDJ™OEFMCJPM
1BTPTBTFHVJSQBSBMBFMBCPSBDJ™OEFMCJPM 
#FOFmDJPTEFMPTFYUSBDUPTI£NJDPT
'JHVSB/ 3VUBTEFFYUSBDDJ™O
4645"/$*"4)¸.*$"4  EFMPT×DJEPTI£NJDPTZG£MWJDPT
%FTDPNQPTJDJ™OEFMBNBUFSJBPSH×OJDB  − .FKPSBO MBT DBSBDUFS¥TUJDBT G¥TJDBT  RV¥NJDBT 
{$™NPPCUFOFSTVTUBODJBTI£NJDBT   CJPM™HJDBTZNJDSPCJPM™HJDBTEFMTVFMP
$BSBDUFSJ[BDJ™OEFMPT×DJEPTI£NJDPTZG£MWJDPT  -PT ×DJEPT I£NJDPT TPO JNQPSUBOUFT QPSRVF − "VNFOUBO MB EJTQPOJCJMJEBE Z SFUFODJ™O EF
&NQMFPEFMIVNVTM¥RVJEPFODVMUJWPTBHS¥DPMBT  DPOUSJCVZFO B MB HSBOVMBDJ™O EFM TVFMP  NFKPSBO MB OVUSJFOUFTEFMTVFMP
#FOFmDJPTEFMPTFYUSBDUPTI£NJDPT  FTUSVDUVSBZQPSMPUBOUPMBQPSPTJEBE − 5JFOFOFGFDUPRVFMBUBOUFEFNJOFSBMFTDPNP'F 
;O .O $VZ.H
.&%*%"4%&13&$"6$*Ë/1"3"&-."/&+0%&-04"#0/0403(­/*$04  − -B EPTJmDBDJ™O RVF TF FNQMFB FO DVMUJWPT
-PT×DJEPTG£MWJDPTTPOEFDPMPSDBG¤oBNBSJMMPZEF
NFOPSQFTPNPMFDVMBS TPMVCMFTFONFEJPT×DJEPTZ BHS¥DPMBT FT NVZ JOGFSJPS B MPT FTUJ¤SDPMFT
#*#-*0(3"'Ú"$0/46-5"%" 
BMDBMJOPT  DPO NVZ CVFO $*$ Z BMUB DBQBDJEBE USBEJDJPOBMFTZMPTDPNQPTUBKFT
DPNQMFKBOUFEFMG™TGPSPZEFNJDSPFMFNFOUPTDPNP − 5SBOTQPSUBOOVUSJFOUFTIBTUBMBSB¥[
$V ;O .OZ.HZVOBNBZPSQFOFUSBDJ™OGPMJBSZ − 1FSNFBCJMJ[BOMBNFNCSBOBDFMVMBSEFMBQMBOUB
SBEJDVMBS  -PT ×DJEPT G£MWJDPT  JOUFSmFSFO DPO MPT
NJOFSBMFT EFM TVFMP Z GBDJMJUBO MB BCTPSDJ™O EF MPT
OVUSJFOUFTFOMBTQMBOUBTTJOFNCBSHP FO[POBTEF
NVDIBQSFDJQJUBDJ™ODVBOEPTFBQMJDBOBMTVFMPZDPO
VO Q) CBKP  MPT ×DJEPT G£MWJDPT QVFEFO BDFMFSBS FM
MBWBEPEFMPTOVUSJFOUFT

6UJMJ[BDJ™OEFMPT3FTJEVPT0SH×OJDPTFOMB"HSJDVMUVSB 
9. Sustancias Húmicas Introducción
&MIVNVTMPDPOGPSNBMBNBZPSQBSUFEFMDBSCPOP C)VNJmDBDJ™O
PSH×OJDP EFM TVFMP Z NVDIPT JOWFTUJHBEPSFT MP
BTPDJBO P EFmOFO DPNP TJO™OJNP EF MB NBUFSJB &T FM QSPDFTP QPS FM DVBM BMHVOBT NPM¤DVMBT RVF
PSH×OJDBEFMTVFMP&MIVNVTOPFTVOBNPM¤DVMBFO DPOGPSNBOFMIVNVTTFSFTJTUFOBMBEFTDPNQPTJDJ™O

L
BDBMJEBEZDBQBDJEBEQSPEVDUJWBEFMPTTVFMPTIBTJEPVOBQSFPDVQBDJ™OQFSNBOFOUFEFM
QBSUJDVMBS  TJOP  VO HSBO O£NFSP EF CJPNPM¤DVMBT NJDSPCJBOB(FOFSBMNFOUFFTVOQSPDFTPMFOUPTJTF
DVZPEFOPNJOBEPSDPN£OFTFMEFUFOFSVODFOUSP DPNQBSBDPOMBNJOFSBMJ[BDJ™O IPNCSFEFTEFRVFJOJDJ™MBEPNFTUJDBDJ™OEFMBTFTQFDJFT-BBNQMJBDJ™OEFMBGSPOUFSB
BSPN×UJDPSPEFBEPEFDBEFOBTBMJG×UJDBT 'JHVSB/ BHS¥DPMBBFYQFOTBTEFMPTCPTRVFT IBTJEPVOBEFMBTFTUSBUFHJBTQBSBNBOUFOFSOJWFMFTEF

(FPM™HJDBNFOUFFTMBGSBDDJ™OmOBMEFMQSPDFTPEF {$™NPPCUFOFSTVTUBODJBTI£NJDBT  QSPEVDDJ™O DVBOEP MB UJFSSB TF BHPUB -B PUSB FTUSBUFHJB  IB TJEP MB BQMJDBDJ™O EF GFSUJMJ[BOUFT
EFTDPNQPTJDJ™O EF MB OFDSPNBTB QSFTFOUF FO MPT
TVFMPT
RV¥NJDPT  PSH×OJDPT P CJPM™HJDPT
 QBSB NFKPSBS MB QSPEVDDJ™O EF TVT DPTFDIBT &TUB £MUJNB
"QBSUJSEFDVBMRVJFSNBUFSJBMRVFDPOUFOHBIVNVT
DPNPFMTVFMP MBTSPDBTEFMJHOJUPCMBOEPDPNPMB
BMUFSOBUJWBIBTJEPNVZ£UJM FTQFDJBMNFOUFFOMBBDUVBMJEBEDVBOEPMBTEFNBOEBTEFBMJNFOUPT 
)$0 MFPOBSEJUB FMDPNQPTUPFMMPNCSJDPNQPTUZTFMBT mCSBT Z NBUFSJBT QSJNBT IBO JEP FO VO BDFMFSBEP BVNFOUP  OP TPMP QPS FM JODSFNFOUP EF MB
$00)
TPNFUB B MB BDDJ™O EF TVTUBODJBT ×MDBMJT DPNP FM QPCMBDJ™O TJOPQPSMBSFEVDDJ™OFOMBDBQBDJEBEQSPEVDUJWBEFMPTTVFMPT EFCJEPBMPTQSPDFTPTEF
0 /B0)PFM,0)BM.1PTUFSJPSNFOUFTFQVFEF EFHSBEBDJ™OEFMPTNJTNPT
$) FYUSBFSMPT×DJEPTI£NJDPTZG£MWJDPTZFOFMNBUFSJBM
$) $)
SFNBOFOUFPiBTJFOUPwOPTRVFEBMBIVNJOB 4JO FNCBSHP  MB BQMJDBDJ™O JOEJTDSJNJOBEB EF GFSUJMJ[BOUFT RV¥NJDPT QSFTFOUB SJFTHPT EF
$) DPOUBNJOBDJ™OEFTVFMPTZBHVB&OMBBDUVBMJEBEMBOPSNBUJWBEFVTPEFFTUFUJQPEFJOTVNPT TFIB
4JMBTTVTUBODJBTI£NJDBTFYUSB¥EBTTFBDJEJmDBODPO
'JHVSB/ .PM¤DVMBTBTPDJBEBTDPOFMIVNVT ×DJEP TVMG£SJDP P G™TG™SJDP IBTUB PCUFOFS VO Q) WJTUPSFTUSJOHJEBQPSBMHVOPTQB¥TFT DPOFMmOEFBTFHVSBSMBJOPDVJEBEEFQSPEVDUPTEFDPOTVNP 
NFOPS EF  4PMP RVFEBO TPMVCMFT MPT ×DJEPT FTQFDJBMNFOUFFOBRVFMMPTNFSDBEPTPSH×OJDPTZFDPM™HJDPT*HVBMNFOUF FMVTPEFGFSUJMJ[BOUFTZ
G£MWJDPT -PT ×DJEPT I£NJDPT RVFEBO FO FM GPOEP FONJFOEBT SFQSFTFOUB VO JNQPSUBOUF SFOHM™O FO MPT DPTUPT EF QSPEVDDJ™O EF MPT QSJODJQBMFT
%FTDPNQPTJDJ™OEFMBNBUFSJBPSH×OJDB DPNPQSFDJQJUBEPT&OMB'JHVSB/TFQSFTFOUBVO TJTUFNBTEFQSPEVDDJ™O UBOUPQPSFMDPTUPEFMQSPEVDUP DPNPQPSMPTDPTUPTBNCJFOUBMFTBM
SFTVNFO EF MBT SVUBT EF FYUSBDDJ™O EF MPT ×DJEPT
DPOUBNJOBSMBTEJGFSFOUFTGVFOUFTEFBHVB S¥PT MBHVOBTZBHVBTTVCUFSS×OFBT

&O MB EFTDPNQPTJDJ™O EF MB NBUFSJB PSH×OJDB I£NJDPTZG£MWJDPT (™NF[ +.JSBOEB &UBMM

HFOFSBMNFOUF TF QSFTFOUBO EPT QSPDFTPT  MB
NJOFSBMJ[BDJ™OZMBIVNJmDBDJ™O  $BSBDUFSJ[BDJ™O EF MPT ×DJEPT I£NJDPT Z "DUVBMNFOUFTFFTU×EBOEPJNQPSUBODJBBMVTPEFBMUFSOBUJWBTRVFQFSNJUBOSFDVQFSBSZDPOTFSWBS
GVMWJDPT MB BDUJWJEBE NJDSPCJPM™HJDB EFM TVFMP  EF UBM GPSNB RVF TF MPHSF VOB QSPEVDDJ™O ™QUJNB TJO
B.JOFSBMJ[BDJPO EFUFSJPSBS FM NFEJP BNCJFOUF %FOUSP EF FTUBT BMUFSOBUJWBT TF FODVFOUSB FM VTP EF BCPOPT
-PT ×DJEPT I£NJDPT TF DBSBDUFSJ[BO QPS TFS VOB
-B NJOFSBMJ[BDJ™O TF QSFTFOUB DVBOEP QBSUF EF MB
PSH×OJDPT CJPGFSUJMJ[BOUFT BCPOPTWFSEFTZDPCFSUVSBT4VBQMJDBDJ™OIBQFSNJUJEPJODSFNFOUBSMPT
TVTUBODJB EF DPMPS QBSEP PTDVSP  BMUP QFTP
NBUFSJBPSH×OJDBTFEFTDPNQPOFQPSBDDJ™OEFMPT NPMFDVMBS TPMVCMFTFONFEJPTBMDBMJOPT BMUP$*$FO
DPOUFOJEPTEFNBUFSJBPSH×OJDBEFMTVFMP GBWPSFDFSFMEFTBSSPMMPSBEJDVMBSZMBCJPNBTBEFMPT
NJDSPPSHBOJTNPT  QPS QFRVF¯PT BOJNBMFT  QPS MBT DVMUJWPT ZSFEVDJSFMFGFDUPEFQMBHBTZmUPQBU™HFOPT
FMTVFMP NFOPSQFOFUSBDJ™OGPMJBSZSBEJDVMBS QFSP
DPOEJDJPOFTBNCJFOUBMFT IVNFEBE UFNQFSBUVSB Q)
FUD
 5PEPT FTUPT GBDUPSFT EBO PSJHFO B QSPEVDUPT CVFOBNPWJMJEBEEFMPTOVUSJFOUFTFOMBQMBOUB
DPNPOJUSBUPT GPTGBUPT TVMGBUPTZBMHVOPTFMFNFOUPT
NFOPSFTDPNPFMDPCSF FM[JODZFMIJFSSP

 6UJMJ[BDJ™OEFMPT3FTJEVPT0SH×OJDPTFOMB"HSJDVMUVSB
E
"HSFHBSQBOFMBP NFMB[B
QSFWJBNFOUF
D
"¯BEJSMBDFOJ[BZDPOUJOVBSDPOMBNF[DMB
EJTVFMUBFOBHVBZMBMFDIF PTVFSP


F
1JDBSPDPSUBSFOQFRVF¯PT
USP[PTMPTSFTJEVPTWFHFUBMFT

J
&OMBQBSUFDFOUSBMEFMBUBQBEFMB K
"TFHVSBSFMDJFSSFIFSN¤UJDPEFMB
DBOFDBBDPQMBSVOFYUSFNPEFMB DBOFDBRVFOPFOUSFBJSFZTFMMFWF
NBOHVFSBUSBOTQBSFOUFZFMPUSPFYUSFNP BEFDVBEBNFOUFFMQSPDFTPEF
JOUSPEVDJSMPFOMBCPUFMMBRVFDPOUFOHBBHVB GFSNFOUBDJ™O
8.6 Pasos a seguir para la elaboración 1. PROPÓSITO DEL MANUAL
del biol. &M QSPQ™TJUP EF FTUF NBOVBM FT FM EF QSPQPSDJPOBS
DSJUFSJPTZNFUPEPMPH¥BTQBSBDPOWFSUJSMPTSFTJEVPT
QPSDJ™O NJOFSBM TFB USBOTGPSNBEB QPS PSHBOJTNPT
EFM TVFMP Z QFSNJUB RVF MBT QMBOUBT TFH£O TVT
PSH×OJDPT FOVOWBMJPTPSFDVSTPQBSBMBBHSJDVMUVSB  OFDFTJEBEFTUPNFOTVTOVUSJFOUFT&OMB'JHVSB/
QPSNFEJPEFMBIBCJMJUBDJ™OEFQSPDFTPTDPOPDJEPT TF PCTFSWB MBT EJGFSFOUFT GBTFT RVF DPNQPOFO FM
DPNP FM DPNQPTU  FM MPNCSJDPNQPTU  DPNQPTU EF TVFMP
CPDBTIJ  QSPEVDDJ™O EF CJPMFT Z MBT TVTUBODJBT
I£NJDBT "JSF 1BSUÓDVMBT
NJOFSBMFT

&TUFNBOVBMTFEJWJEFFOUSFTVOJEBEFTUFN×UJDBT
 0SJHFO  DPNQPTJDJ™O Z DVBMJEBEFT RV¥NJDBT Z

CJPM™HJDBTEFMBNBUFSJBPSH×OJDBEFMTVFMP "HVB
 1SPDFTPTEFIBCJMJUBDJ™OQBSBBQMJDBSMBNBUFSJB

PSH×OJDB
B
%FQPTJUBSFMBHVBFOMBDBOFDB  &MBCPSBDJ™OEF×DJEPTI£NJDPTZG£MWJDPT

C
"HSFHBSFTUJ¤SDPMGSFTDPZ
NF[DMBSMPDPOBZVEBEFVOBHJUBEPS "M mOBM EF IBCFSTF DBQBDJUBEP FO FM VTP EF FTUF
NBOVBM  MPT QBSUJDJQBOUFT EPDFOUFT  FTUVEJBOUFT Z
BHSJDVMUPSFT
 FTUBS×O FO DBQBDJEBE EF SFDPOPDFS
BMHVOPTDPODFQUPTTPCSFFMUFNBZMBTDBSBDUFS¥TUJDBT
BUFOFSFODVFOUBQBSBMBDBMJEBEFJOPDVJEBEEFMPT
'JHVSB/
BCPOPT PSH×OJDPT  DPNP UBNCJ¤O  MB EF JOJDJBS
BMHVOPT USBCBKPT C×TJDPT EF JOWFTUJHBDJ™O DPO MPT
SFTJEVPTEFWFHFUBMFTZBOJNBMFTEFMBSFHJ™O 5BNB¯PEFMBTQBSU¥DVMBTEFMTVFMP UFYUVSB


-PT TVFMPT FTU×O DPOTUJUVJEPT QPS QBSU¥DVMBT EF
2. IMPORTANCIA DEL SUELO EN EJGFSFOUFUBNB¯P MBTDVBMFTWBS¥BOEFTEFMBTHSBWBT
G
*OUSPEVDJSBMBDBOFDBMPT
SFTJEVPTWFHFUBMFTQJDBEPTZ LA AGRICULTURA IBTUBMBTNVZmOBTBSDJMMBT DPNPSFTVMUBEPEFMPT
QSPDFTPTEFNFUFPSJ[BDJ™OEFMBTSPDBTZNJOFSBMFT
DPOUJOVBSDPOMBNF[DMB I
$FSSBSIFSN¤UJDBNFOUFMB
-B QSPQPSDJ™O EF MBT EJGFSFOUFT QBSU¥DVMBT BSFOBT 
DBOFDBDPOTVUBQB $PNQPTJDJ™O MJNP Z BSDJMMB
 DMBTJmDBEBT DPO CBTF FO FM UBNB¯P 
DPOTUJUVZFOMBUFYUVSBEFMTVFMP
&MTVFMPFTMBDBQBRVFDVCSFMBDPSUF[BUFSSFTUSFFT
VOFDPTJTUFNBWJWPZEJO×NJDPRVFDVNQMFEJWFSTBT
GVODJPOFT RVFQFSNJUBMBWJEBWFHFUBMZEFMBDVBMMBT
QMBOUBT PCUJFOFO TPQPSUF Z MPT OVUSJFOUFT &M TVFMP
H
$PNQMFUBSFMBHVBSFTUBOUF UBNCJ¤ONBOUJFOFFMBHVBZBJSFQBSBMBTSB¥DFTMBT
DVBMFT TPO JNQPSUBOUFT QBSB RVF MB GBTF T™MJEB P
EFKBOEPVOFTQBDJPFOMBDBOFDB
6UJMJ[BDJ™OEFMPT3FTJEVPT0SH×OJDPTFOMB"HSJDVMUVSB 
1FSmMEFMTVFMP
8. Producción del abono orgánico Biol
$BEBTVFMPTFDBSBDUFSJ[BQPSVOBTFDVFODJBEFDBQBT
V IPSJ[POUFT RVF NBOJmFTUBO DJFSUP HSBEP EF
EFTBSSPMMP &MQFSmMEFMTVFMPQVFEFPCTFSWBSTFFO {2V¤FTFM#JPM *OTVNPTFTUJ¤SDPMGSFTDP,H DFOJ[B,H MFDIFP
DVBMRVJFS MVHBS  QFSP FO PDBTJPOFT  QPS MBT TVFSP- QBOFMB,H TVFMP,H GPMMBKFQJDBEPEF
DJSDVOTUBODJBT EFM UFSSFOP  TF FYBNJOBO QFSmMFT &M CJPM FT FM SFTVMUBEP EF MB GFSNFOUBDJ™O EF MFHVNJOPTBTZQMBOUBTEFMBSFHJ™O,H BHVBMJNQJB
JODPNQMFUPT  QVFT UPEBT MBT DBQBT OP TF IBMMBO NBUFSJBMFT PSH×OJDPT DPNP FTUJ¤SDPM EF BOJNBMFT  TJODMPSP-
"SDJMMB "SFOB -JNP QMBOUBT WFSEFT  QSPEVDUPT M×DUFPT Z BHVB  FO VO
FYQVFTUBTBMPCTFSWBEPS
BNCJFOUF BOBFS™CJDP FO SFDJQJFOUFT DFSSBEPT P 1SFQBSBDJ™OEFM#JPM
CJPEJHFTUPSFT
'JHVSB/ 5BNB¯PEFQBSU¥DVMBTEFMTVFMP )PSJ[POUF0
&OQVOUP/TFQSFTFOUBOMBTEJGFSFOUFTQBTPT
)PSJ[POUF" {2V¤FTMB'FSNFOUBDJ™O QBSBMBFMBCPSBDJ™OEFMBCPOPGPMJBSCJPM
-BUFYUVSBEFMTVFMPOPTPSJFOUBBDFSDBEFMUBNB¯PEF
-BGFSNFOUBDJ™OFTVOQSPDFTPEFEFTDPNQPTJDJ™O "QMJDBDJ™OEFM#JPM
MBT QBSU¥DVMBT EFM TVFMP  MB DBQBDJEBE EF VTP Z )PSJ[POUF#
BOBFS™CJDBEFMBNBUFSJBPSH×OJDBQPSFGFDUPEFMPT
DPOEJDJPOFT EF NBOFKP "EFN×T OPT NVFTUSB MB NJDSPPSHBOJTNPT RVF PQFSBO FO DPOEJDJPOFT
WFMPDJEBEDPOMBRVFQVFEFOPDVSSJSMBTSFBDDJPOFT -BBQMJDBDJ™OEFM#JPMPCUFOJEP TFSFBMJ[BDPOVOB
BNCJFOUBMFT GBWPSBCMFT DPNP IVNFEBE NBZPS EFM CPNCBEFBTQFSTJ™OFOVOBDPODFOUSBDJ™OEFM 
RV¥NJDBT FMNPWJNJFOUPEFMBHVB MBDJSDVMBDJ™OEFM )PSJ[POUF$
 UFNQFSBUVSBFOUSFB$ZQ)FOUSFZ
BJSFZEFMPTHBTFT BHJUBOEPMBNF[DMB BHVB #JPM

-PTIPOHPTFOUSFMPTRVFTFEFTUBDB4DIBSPNZDFT
TQ TPO MPT QSJODJQBMFT NJDSPPSHBOJTNPT EF MB 1BSBDVMUJWPTEFDJDMPDPSUP NFTFT
TFQVFEFO
"HSFHBEPTEFMTVFMP 'JHVSB/1FSmMEFMTVFMP GFSNFOUBDJ™O SFBMJ[BSIBTUBUSFTBQMJDBDJPOFT-B£MUJNBBQMJDBDJ™O
TF EFCF FGFDUVBS  E¥BT BOUFT EF MB NBEVSF[
-PT BHSFEBEPT EFM TVFMP  TF SFmFSF BM BSSFHMP P &M#JPMBEFN×TEFTFSGVFOUFEFOVUSJFOUFT / 1 ,  mTJPM™HJDBEFMDVMUJWP
BHSVQBDJ™OEFMBTQBSU¥DVMBT MBDVBMFKFSDFJOnVFODJB -B PCTFSWBDJ™O EF MPT IPSJ[POUFT 'JHVSB / 
 FT $B
 UBNCJ¤O FT VO mUPSSFHVMBEPS EF DSFDJNJFOUP 1BSB DVMUJWPT EF DJDMP MBSHP DPNP MB ZVDB  TF
FOMBWFMPDJEBEZQSPGVOEJEBEBMDBO[BEBQPSFMBHVB JNQPSUBOUF QVFT QFSNJUF UFOFS VOB JEFB EF MB QPSRVF DPOUJFOF mUPIPSNPOBT RVF BDFMFSBO FM SFDPNJFOEBOIBTUBDVBUSPBQMJDBDJPOFT
EFJOmMUSBDJ™O FOMBSFUFODJ™OEFIVNFEBEQPSMPT QSPGVOEJEBE  EF MB DBQB G¤SUJM  DV×MFT IBO TJEP MPT DSFDJNJFOUP EFM GPMMBKF  JOEVDFO MB nPSBDJ™O Z
FTQBDJPT WBD¥PT BT¥ DPNP FO MB GBDJMJEBE EFM QSPDFTPTEFGPSNBDJ™OFJEFOUJmDBSMPTQSPCMFNBTEF BDFMFSBOMBNBEVSBDJ™OEFMPTDVMUJWPT .BNBOJ 1
JOUFSDBNCJPRV¥NJDPFOUSFMBTQBSU¥DVMBT&OMBmHVSB ESFOBKF $IBWF[ &

/  TF QSFTFOUBO  MPT QSJODJQBMFT BSSFHMPT EF
QBSU¥DVMBTFOMPTTVFMPT &OU¤SNJOPTHFOFSBMFTTFQVFEFOEJTUJOHVJSDVBUSP &MBCPSBDJ™OEFM#JPM
IPSJ[POUFT)PSJ[POUF0EPOEFTFEFQPTJUBMBNBUFSJB
PSH×OJDB)PSJ[POUF" EPOEFTF PCTFSWB MB NBZPS )BZEJWFSTBTG™SNVMBTQBSBMBFMBCPSBDJ™OEFM#JPM 
DBOUJEBE EF NBUFSJB PSH×OJDB FO EFTDPNQPTJDJ™O MPT DVBMFT WBS¥BO TFH£O MB EJTQPOJCJMJEBE EF MPT
JOTVNPTZMBTDPOEJDJPOFTEFDBEBSFHJ™O
SB¥DFT BOJNBMFTZNJDSPPSHBOJTNPT
)PSJ[POUF#
.FOPSDBOUJEBEEFNBUFSJBPSH×OJDBEFOVUSJFOUFTZ
1BSB FMBCPSBS  - EF #JPM TF SFRVJFSFO MPT
BVNFOUP EF MPT DPNQVFTUPT DPNP FM IJFSSP Z
&TUSVDUVSB &TUSVDUVSB &TUSVDUVSB TJHVJFOUFTNBUFSJBMFT
BMVNJOJPEFBDVFSEPBMPSJHFOEFMTVFMP&M)PSJ[POUF
MBNJOBS DPMVNOBS HSBOVMBS B6OBDBOFDBEF-DPOUBQBIFSN¤UJDB
$&TFMRVF DPOUJFOFFMNBUFSJBMTPQPSUFEFMTVFMP
C6OBNBOHVFSBUSBOTQBSFOUFZTVTBDPQMFT
MFDIP SPDPTP
 Z NBZPS DBOUJEBE EF FMFNFOUPT
'JHVSB/ FKFNQMPEFBSSFHMPEFMBTQBSUÓDVMBTEFMTVFMP D6OBCPUFMMBQM×TUJDB
JOFSUFT +3FTUSFQP Z+7JMMBEB%

E"MBNCSFPDBCVZBQBSBFMBNBSSF
 6UJMJ[BDJ™OEFMPT3FTJEVPT0SH×OJDPTFOMB"HSJDVMUVSB 6UJMJ[BDJ™OEFMPT3FTJEVPT0SH×OJDPTFOMB"HSJDVMUVSB 
'FSUJMJEBE

&TUBTFEFmOFDPNPFMQPUFODJBMEFVOTVFMPQBSBTVNJOJTUSBSMPTFMFNFOUPTOVUSJUJWPTFODBOUJEBEFT GPSNBTZ
QSPQPSDJPOFTEFmOJEBTQBSBFMN×YJNPEFTBSSPMMPWFHFUBM
$VBOEPTFIBCMBEFGFSUJMJEBE FTJNQPSUBOUFDPOPDFSDV×MFTTPOMPTFMFNFOUPT FTFODJBMFTQBSBMBTQMBOUBT MPT
TJOFSHJTNPT  BOUBHPOJTNPT Z QSPQPSDJPOFT RVF EFCFO FYJTUJS FOUSF FMMPT  MPT NFDBOJTNPT EF BCTPSDJ™O  MBT
DBSBDUFS¥TUJDBTEFMPTTVFMPT EJTQPOJCJMJEBEEFOVUSJFOUFT
ZMPTSFRVFSJNJFOUPTOVUSJUJWPTEFMBTQMBOUBT

-BTDBSBDUFS¥TUJDBTG¥TJDBT RV¥NJDBTZCJPM™HJDBTJOnVZFOEFVOBVPUSBGPSNBFOMPRVFTFDPOPDFDPNPGFSUJMJEBE
EFMTVFMP

/JUSØHFOP /
1PUBTJP ,
'ØTGPSP 1

Biol 'JHVSB/
7JTUBHFOFSBMEFVOTVFMP
.BOHBOFTP
.O

;JOD
;O

.BHOFTJP
.H

)JFSSP
'F

$BMDJP
$B

$PCSF
$V

6UJMJ[BDJ™OEFMPT3FTJEVPT0SH×OJDPTFOMB"HSJDVMUVSB
#PSP
#


0SHBOJTNPTZNBUFSJBPSH×OJDB -BNJOFSBMJ[BDJ™OJODMVZFVODPOKVOUPEFQSPDFTPTQPS
NFEJP EF MPT DVBMFT FM / Z FM 1 FOUSF PUSPT  FO
&MDSFDJNJFOUPEFMBTQMBOUBT BT¥DPNPFMEFTBSSPMMPZ DPNCJOBDJ™O DPO MB NBUFSJB PSH×OJDB  TPO
GFSUJMJEBE EFM TVFMP  EFQFOEF FO HSBO QBSUF EF MPT USBOTGPSNBEPT B NPM¤DVMBT JOPSH×OJDBT EF
PSHBOJTNPT RVF MP IBCJUBO  MPT DVBMFT  QVFEFO DPOTUJUVDJ™ON×TTJNQMF QBSBQPEFSTFSUPNBEPTQPS
NPTUSBS VO DJFSUP HSBEP EF FTQFDJBMJ[BDJ™O FO MBTQMBOUBT
SFMBDJ™O B MBT BDUJWJEBEFT RVF FKFDVUBO  DPNP QPS
FKFNQMP  FO MB EFTDPNQPTJDJ™O EF MB NBUFSJB -B NBUFSJB PSH×OJDB FT BOGPU¤SJDB UJFOF DBSHBT
PSH×OJDB  FO MB USBOTGPSNBDJ™O EF TVTUBODJBT QPTJUJWBTZOFHBUJWBT
ZTVDBSHBEFQFOEFEFMQ)Z
BTJNJMBCMFT QBSB MBT QMBOUBT  FO MB QSPEVDDJ™O EF HFOFSBMNFOUFFTOFHBUJWB%FCJEPBFTPFM$B .HZ,
BOUJCJ™UJDPTZFOMBEFHSBEBDJ™OEFMBTQBSU¥DVMBTEFM FTU×O MJHBEPT FMFDUSPTU×UJDBNFOUF B MB NBUFSJB
TVFMP FOUSFPUSBT PSH×OJDB&OBMHVOPTTVFMPTMBDBOUJEBEQPUFODJBMEF
DBSHBTOFHBUJWBTFTBMUB QFSPNVDIPTTJUJPTFTU×O
%FBDVFSEPBMPBOUFSJPS TFDPOTJEFSBBMB.BUFSJB CMPRVFBEPT QPS JOUFSBDDJPOFT DPO "MVNJOJP "M
 Z D
"HSFHBS,HEFFTUJ¤SDPMZHBMMJOB[B E
"HSFHBS,HEFDBTDBSJMMBEFBSSP[
0SH×OJDB EFM 4VFMP .04
 DPNP VO DPOKVOUP EF )JFSSP 'F
 P DBNCJPT DPO FM Q) 4JO FNCBSHP  MB
DPNQVFTUPTIFUFSPH¤OFPTDPOCBTFEFMDBSCPOP Z NBUFSJBPSH×OJDBEFMTVFMP .04
QVFEFDPOUSJCVJS
GPSNBEPT QPS MB BDVNVMBDJ™O EF NBUFSJBMFT EF TJHOJmDBUJWBNFOUF B MB $BQBDJEBE EF *OUFSDBNCJP
PSJHFO BOJNBM Z WFHFUBM QBSDJBM P DPNQMFUBNFOUF $BUJ™OJDP $*$
 EF TVFMPT NFUFPSJ[BEPT  BQBSUF EF
EFTDPNQVFTUPT MBT JOUFSBDDJPOFT EJSFDUBT DPO MPT OVUSJNFOUPT
DBUJ™OJDPT-B.04QVFEFBDPNQMFKBSTFDPO"MZ'F 
6OB QFRVF¯B GSBDDJ™O EF MB NBUFSJB PSH×OJDB FTU× SFEVDJFOEP MB mKBDJ™O EF G™TGPSP .FMFOEF[  (
DPOTUJUVJEBQPSDBSCPIJESBUPT BNJOP×DJEPT ×DJEPT 

BMJG×UJDPT  QSPUF¥OBT  HSBTBT FUD Z IBDFO QBSUF
UBNCJ¤O EF MBT MMBNBEBT TVTUBODJBT I£NJDBT  RVF
TPOVOBTFSJFEFDPNQVFTUPTEFBMUPQFTPNPMFDVMBS

&GFDUPTCFO¤mDPTEFMBNBUFSJBPSH×OJDB I
.F[DMBSZBQMJDBSEFOVFWP
BHVBFOGPSNBNPEFSBEB
H
"HSFHBS,HEFDBMEPMPN¥UJDB
-B NBUFSJB PSH×OJDB DPOUSJCVZF B MB GFSUJMJEBE EFM
TVFMPFOGPSNBEFOJUS™HFOP G™TGPSPZB[VGSF-PT
OVUSJFOUFT TPO TFDVFTUSBEPT Z MJCFSBEPT EF MB
NBUFSJB PSH×OJDB QPS EPT QSPDFTPT EJTUJOUPT
CJPM™HJDPT  QBSB MPT NJOFSBMFT DPNP FM /JUSPHFOP
/
 '™TGPSP 1
 "[VGSF 4
 Z RV¥NJDPT DPNP FM M
%VSBOUFE¥BTMBNF[DMBEFCFS×
.BHOFTJP .H
ZFM1PUBTJP ,
 WPMUFBSTFEPTWFDFTEJBSJBT

1BSBVONFKPSFOUFOEJNJFOUPEFFTUPTQSPDFTPTFT
OFDFTBSJPNFODJPOBSDPODFQUPTEFNJOFSBMJ[BDJ™OF N
"QBSUJSEFME¥B TPMPTFEFCFS×
JONPWJMJ[BDJ™O SFBMJ[BSVOWPMUFP
O
&OMPTE¥BT 
TFEFCF
DIFRVFBSMBUFNQFSBUVSBIBTUBMPHSBS
NFOPTEF$
 6UJMJ[BDJ™OEFMPT3FTJEVPT0SH×OJDPTFOMB"HSJDVMUVSB
7.5 Pasos a seguir para la elaboración 3. Principales residuos orgánicos
de bocashi -PT BQPSUFT PSH×OJDPT QVFEFO TFS FOE™HFOPT Z
FY™HFOPT-PTFOE™HFOPTTFHFOFSBOBMJOUFSJPSEF
MPTBHSPFDPTJTUFNBTZFDPTJTUFNBTZMMFHBOQPSMB
EFTDPNQPTJDJ™O FO FM TVFMP TJO USBOTGPSNBDJPOFT
SFBMJ[BEBT QPS FM IPNCSF IPKBSBTDB  SFTJEVPT EF
DPTFDIBEFOUSPEFMUFSSFOP FTUJ¤SDPMEFWBDVOPTFO
QBTUPSFP FUD


C
)VNFEFDFSMBNF[DMB
B
4FMFDDJPOBSZNF[DMBS,HEFTVFMP
ZIPKBSBTDB

'PUP/ &KFNQMPEFSFTJEVPTFY™HFOPT

%VSBOUF MPT £MUJNPT B¯PT  MPT JOWFTUJHBEPSFT IBO


JOUFOUBEPEFTBSSPMMBSUFDOPMPH¥BTTJNQMFTDPOCBTF
BMVTPEFMBWFHFUBDJ™OZEFJOTVNPTPSH×OJDPTQBSB
NFKPSBS MB QSPEVDUJWJEBE EF MPT BHSPFDPTJTUFNBT
&TUBTUFDOPMPH¥BTJODMVZFOFMNBOFKPEFMPTSFTJEVPT
EF DVMUJWPT  BCPOPT WFSEFT  DPCFSUVSBT EF
F
"HSFHBS,HEFNFMB[BZH MFHVNJOPTBT  CBSCFDIPT  FTUJ¤SDPM EF BOJNBMFT 
EFMFWBEVSB G
"HSFHBS,HEFDBSC™OEFNBEFSB GPSSBKFTNFKPSBEPT CJPGFSUJMJ[BOUFTZEJGFSFOUFDMBTFT
EFDPNQPTUBKF DPNQPTU MPNCSJDPNQPTU CPDBTIJ 
CJPMFT
4FQJFOTBRVF FOFTUPTZPUSPTTJTUFNBTRVF
VTBOSFTJEVPTPSH×OJDPT NVDIPTEFMPTCFOFmDJPT
K
3FQFUJSUPEPTMPTQBTPTEFMBM EFSJWBEPTEFMBVUJMJ[BDJ™OEFFTUPTNBUFSJBMFT TPO
'PUP/ &KFNQMPEFSFTJEVPTFOE™HFOPT EFCJEP B TV IBCJMJEBE QBSB NBOUFOFS MB NBUFSJB
L
7PMWFSBSFQFUJSMPTQBTPTEFMBM PSH×OJDB MBFTUSVDUVSBG¥TJDBEFMTVFMPZQSPNPWFSFM
QFSPBQMJDBOEP,HEFTVFMP  SFDJDMBKFEFOVUSJFOUFT 4UFWFOTPO &MMJPU &

,HEFHBMMJOB[B ,HEF -PTFY™HFOPT TPOBRVFMMPTSFTJEVPTPSH×OJDPTEF -BT NBUFSJBT QSJNBT RVF QVFEFO EJTQPOFSTF QBSB
DBTDBSJMMB ,HEFNFMB[B H EJWFSTBQSPDFEFODJBRVFTPOUSBOTGPSNBEPTQPSFM USBOTGPSNBS MPT SFTJEVPT PSH×OJDPT FY™HFOPT TF
EFMFWBEVSB ,HEFDBSC™O IPNCSF Z MPT IBDF MMFHBS B MPT BHSPFDPTJTUFNBT B H S V Q B O  F O  D V B U S P  D B U F H P S ¥ B T   V S C B O P T 
NBEFSBZ,HEFDBMEPMPN¥UJDB &OUSF MPT NBT DPNVOFT UFOFNPT FM DPNQPTU  MPT BHSPJOEVTUSJBMFT  BHSPQFDVBSJPT Z MPT DVFSQPT EF
J
.F[DMBEFUPEPTMPTJOHSFEJFOUFT BCPOPTWFSEFTZFMMPNCSJDPNQPTU BHVB
6UJMJ[BDJ™OEFMPT3FTJEVPT0SH×OJDPTFOMB"HSJDVMUVSB 
3FTJEVPTVSCBOPT 3FTJEVPTEFMPTDVFSQPTEFBHVB *OHSFEJFOUFTC×TJDPTFOMBFMBCPSBDJPOEFMCPDBTIJ

4POMPTSFTJEVPTQSPWFOJFOUFTEFMBTWJWJFOEBTFOMBT -PTDVFSQPTEFBHVBQVFEFOPSJHJOBSMPTTJHVJFOUFT -BGPSNVMBDJ™OQBSBMBQSFQBSBDJ™OEFMCPDBTIJSFDPNFOEBEBQPSMPTBHSJDVMUPSFTKBQPOFTFTFTMBDPOGPSNBEB


DJVEBEFTPFO×SFBTQFRVF¯BT-PTN×TJNQPSUBOUFT NBUFSJBMFT NBMF[BT BDV×UJDBT nPUBOUFT  BMHBT QPSDBTDBSJMMBEFBSSP[ TBMWBEPEFBSSP[ UPSUBEFTPZB IBSJOBEFQFTDBEPZTVFMPDPNPJOPDVMBOUFNJDSPCJBOP
TPO MBT CBTVSBT  SFTJEVPT EF [POBT WFSEFT Z MPT mMBNFOUPTBT UVSCBT DBSCPOJMMB SFTJEVPTEFMTVFMP
MPEPTEFQMBOUBTEFQVSBEPSBTEFMBTBHVBTTFSWJEBT FO ×SFBT EF DPOTUSVDDJ™O Z SFTJEVPT EFM GPOEP EF &O$PMPNCJBQPSFYQFSJFODJBEFBMHVOBTPSHBOJ[BDJPOFTDBNQFTJOBTTFSFDPNJFOEBMPTTJHVJFOUFTJOTVNPTQBSB
MBHVOBTEFPYJEBDJ™O FMBCPSBSFMBCPOPCPDBTIJ
3FTJEVPTBHSPJOEVTUSJBMFT
 3FTUSJDDJPOFT QBSB FM VTP BHS¥DPMB EF MPT 5BCMB/.BUFSJBMFTQBSBFMBCPSBSUPOFMBEBTEFBCPOPCPDBTIJ
4PO VOB GVFOUF DPODFOUSBEB EF NBUFSJBMFT SFTJEVPTPSH×OJDPTGSFTDPT
PSH×OJDPT-PTN×TJNQPSUBOUFTTPO .BUFSJBMFT 6OJEBE $BOUJEBE
-PT SFTJEVPT PSH×OJDPT T™MJEPT DVBOEP FTU×O (BMMJOB[B ,H 
− %FTFDIPT EF MB JOEVTUSJB EFM B[£DBS DBDIB[B  GSFTDPTPSFDJ¤OTBMJEPTEFVOQSPDFTPQSPEVDUJWP  4VFMP ,H 
CBHB[P
UJFOFO BMHVOBT SFTUSJDDJPOFT DPNP QPS FKFNQMP MB
$BTDBSJMMBEFBSSP[ ,H 
− %FTFDIPTEFMBJOEVTUSJBEFMDBG¤ DJTDPEFMDBG¤  QSFTFODJB EF mUPUPYJOBT  QBU™HFOPT EF EJGFSFOUF
QFSHBNJOPEFMDBG¤
 PSEFO  DBSFODJB EF OJUS™HFOP  FMFNFOUPT QFTBEPT  .FMB[B ,H 
− %FTFDIPT EF NPMJOFSBT EF BSSP[ DBTDBSJMMB EF TFNJMMBT EF NBMF[B  PMPSFT EFTBHSBEBCMFT  FUD EF &TUJÏSDPMWBDVOP ,H 
BSSP[ BMM¥ MB JNQPSUBODJB EF EJTNJOVJS MPT BOUFSJPSFT
$BM ,H 
− 1MBOUBTEFTBDSJmDJPBOJNBMDPOUFOJEPTSVNJOBMZ GBDUPSFTNFEJBOUFQSPDFTPTEFIBCJMJUBDJ™O (™NF[ 
PUSPTDPOUFOJEPTFTUPNBDBMFT +
 $BSCØOEFNBEFSB ,H 
− *OEVTUSJBTEFKVHPTZGSVUBTEJWFSTBTD×TDBSBTZ -FWBEVSB ,H 
TFNJMMBT "HVB - 
− *OEVTUSJB NBEFSFSB DIJQT P BTUJMMBT  BTFSS¥O Z
WJSVUBEFNBEFSB
$POEJDJPOFTBUFOFSFODVFOUBQBSBFMBCPSBDJ™OEFMBCPOPCPDBTIJ
3FTJEVPTBHSPQFDVBSJPT
B%FCFFTDPHFSTFVOTJUJPQSPUFHJEPQPSFMTPMZMBTMMVWJBT
− -PT SFTJEVPT BHSPQFDVBSJPT TF HFOFSBO FO C4FEFCFOEJMVJSBOUJDJQBEBNFOUFMPT,HEFNFMB[BZMBT,HEFMFWBEVSBDPO-EFBHVB
EJGFSFOUFT VOJEBEFT EF QSPEVDDJ™O FO mODBT P D%VSBOUFMPTQSJNFSPTEJF[E¥BTMBQJMBEFCFWPMUFBSTFFOMBNB¯BOBZFOMBUBSEF:FTJNQPSUBOUFDIFRVFBSP
IBDJFOEBT-PTN×TJNQPSUBOUFTTPO NFEJSMBUFNQFSBUVSB
− 3FTJEVPT QFDVBSJPT CPWJOB[B  HBMMJOB[B  E"QBSUJSEFME¥B TPMPTFEFCFIBDFSVOWPMUFPEJBSJP
QPSRVJOB[B DPOFKB[B FUD
 F$VBOEPFMBCPOPCPDBTIJDVNQMBE¥BTTFMFQVFEFBHSFHBSVOBNF[DMBEFFMFNFOUPTNFOPSFT
− %FTFDIPTEFMCFOFmDJPEFMDBG¤QVMQB
− %FTFDIPTEFMDBDBPD×TDBSBEFMDBDBP &OFMQVOUPTFPCTFSWBMBTEJGFSFOUFTQBTPTQBSBMBQSFQBSBDJ™OEFCPDBTIJZMBTDBOUJEBEFTEFDBEBNBUFSJB
− %FTFDIPTEFMQM×UBOPZCBOBOPW×TUBHP IPKBT  QSJNB QBSBMBFMFCPSBDJ™OEFUPOFMBEBTEFBCPOPCPDBTIJ
FUD
− %FTFDIPT EF PUSPT DVMUJWPT WBJOBT Z SBNBT EF
MFHVNJOPTBT DBQBDIPZUVTBTEFMDVMUJWPEFNB¥[

 6UJMJ[BDJ™OEFMPT3FTJEVPT0SH×OJDPTFOMB"HSJDVMUVSB 6UJMJ[BDJ™OEFMPT3FTJEVPT0SH×OJDPTFOMB"HSJDVMUVSB 
7. Producción de abono fermentado Bocashi 4. Procesos de Habilitación
0USPQSPDFTPQBSBNBOFKBSEFTFDIPTPSH×OJDPTFTMB &MBCPSBDJ™OEFMBCPOPGFSNFOUBEPi#PDBTIJw "MHVOPT EF MPT SFTJEVPT PSH×OJDPT T™MJEPT UJFOFO DPOUJOVBS DPO FM QSPDFTP EF DPNQPTUBKF VOBT
QSPEVDDJ™O EF CPDBTIJ &TUF TJTUFNB  OPT QFSNJUF SFTUSJDDJPOFTQBSBTVVTPTFHVSPFOMBBHSJDVMUVSB EF TFNBOBTBEJDJPOBMFTBMQVOUPEFNBEVSF[
PCUFOFS VO DPNQPTU FO GPSNB N×T S×QJEB RVF FM -B FMBCPSBDJ™O EFM BCPOP UJQP CPDBTIJ TF CBTB FO BMM¥ MB JNQPSUBODJB EF EJTNJOVJS MPT MJNJUBOUFT 
DPNQPTUDPOWFODJPOBMZNFOPSQSFTJ™OEFPMPSFTBM QSPDFTPT EF EFTDPNQPTJDJ™O BFS™CJDB EF MPT NFEJBOUF QSPDFTPT EF USBOTGPSNBDJ™O G¥TJDB  'SBDDJPOBNJFOUP1VFEFTFSG¥TJDPPRV¥NJDP&M
NFEJP BNCJFOUF  TJO FNCBSHP  MPT DPTUPT EF FTUF SFTJEVPTPSH×OJDPTDPOUFNQFSBUVSBTDPOUSPMBEBTB RV¥NJDBZCJPRV¥NJDB MPTDVBMFTFOTVDPOKVOUP TF G¥TJDPTFSFmFSFBMBTFQBSBDJ™OQPSUBNB¯PTEF
TJTUFNB TPO N×T BMUPT QPS UFOFS RVF FNQMFBS USBW¤TEFQPCMBDJPOFTEFNJDSPPSHBOJTNPTFYJTUFOUFT EFOPNJOBO QSPDFTPT EF IBCJMJUBDJ™O -PT N×T HS×OVMPTZFMRV¥NJDPBMBTFQBSBDJ™OEFDJFSUBT
BMHVOPTJOTVNPTFYUFSOPT FOMPTQSPQJPTSFTJEVPT JNQPSUBOUFTTPOMPTTJHVJFOUFTUSPDFBEPZNPMJEP  GSBDDJPOFTEFBDVFSEPBMBTPMVDJ™OFYUSBDUPSB
$POFTUFTJTUFNBEFQSFQBSBDJ™OEFBCPOPGFSNFOUBEP MBWBEP  NBEVSBDJ™O  NF[DMB  GSBDDJPOBNJFOUP  SFBDUJWPRV¥NJDP

$VBOEPTFIBDFSFGFSFODJBBMQSPDFTPEFTDPNQPTJDJ™O TF QSFTFOUB BMHVOBT WFOUBKBT FO DPNQBSBDJ™O DPO SFGPS[BNJFOUPNJOFSBM5BNCJ¤OTFJODMVZFOFOMPT
PYJEBUJWBRVFTFQSFTFOUBFOFMDPNQPTUDPOWFODJPOBM PUSPT BCPOPT PSH×OJDPT DPOWFODJPOBMFT TJFOEP MBT QSPDFTPTEFIBCJMJUBDJ™OFMMPNCSJDPNQPTU FMBCPOP 3FGPS[BNJFOUP"MDPNQPTUTFMFQVFEFOBHSFHBS
RVFTFEFTDSJCFFOFMQVOUPEFFTUFNBOVBM FOFM QSJODJQBMFTMBTTJHVJFOUFT CPDBTIJ  MB QSPEVDDJ™O EF CJPMFT Z MPT ×DJEPT NJOFSBMFTQBSBIBDFSSFGVFS[PEFBMH£ONJOFSBM
DVBMMPTNJDSPPSHBOJTNPTBFS™CJDPTTPOMPTRVFN×T  /PTFGPSNBOHBTFTU™YJDPT OJNBMPTPMPSFT I£NJDPTZG£MWJDPT DPNPFM$BMDJP $B
FM.BHOFTJP .H
FM"[VGSF
JOnVZFO QBSB MB EFTDPNQPTJDJ™O EF MB NBUFSJB  &M WPMVNFO QSPEVDJEP TF QVFEF BEBQUBS B MBT 4
FM4JMJDJP 4J
ZFM'PTGPSP 1
FUD (™NF[ +
PSH×OJDB%VSBOUFFTUFQSPDFTP MBNBUFSJBPSH×OJDB OFDFTJEBEFT  5SPDFBEP Z NPMJEP &TUF QSPDFTP GBDJMJUB FM 

QJFSEF NVDIB FOFSH¥B  BM QSPEVDJS HSBO DBOUJEBE EF  &MQSPEVDUPTFFMBCPSBFOVOQFS¥PEPDPSUP B NBOFKP EF MPT SFTJEVPT  BM BVNFOUBS TV TVQFSmDJF
DBMPS HBTZ$0 RVFTPOSFTJEVPTEFPYJEBDJ™OEFMB  E¥BT
 EF BDVFSEP B MBT DPOEJDJPOFT EFM FTQFD¥mDB EF DPOUBDUP  FNQMFBOEP IFSSBNJFOUBT
NBUFSJBPSH×OJDB FTUPTTBMFOBMBNCJFOUFZDPOFMMPMB BNCJFOUF NFD×OJDBTPNPMJOPT
FOFSH¥BMJCFSBEB"MmOBMTFWBPCUFOFSVOQSPEVDUP
NJOFSBMJ[BEPDPOQPDBFOFSH¥BBDVNVMBEB  1SJODJQBMFT GBDUPSFT B DPOTJEFSBS FO MB *NCJCJDJ™O$POTJTUFFOMBBCTPSDJ™OEFM¥RVJEPT
FMBCPSBDJ™OEFMCPDBTIJ PSH×OJDPT QPS QBSUF EF NBUFSJBMFT mCSPTPT Z
1PS FM DPOUSBSJP  FM QSPDFTP EF EFTDPNQPTJDJ™O TFDPT
GFSNFOUBUJWB DPOPDJEP DPNP BCPOP PSH×OJDP  5FNQFSBUVSBEFTQV¤TEFIPSBTEFQSFQBSBEP
GFSNFOUBEPCPDBTIJ TFFMBCPSBCBKPEFDPOEJDJPOFTEF FM BCPOP UJQP CPDBTIJ  OP EFCF QSFTFOUBS *ODJOFSBDJ™O1BSBBMHVOPTSFTJEVPTmCSPTPTZ
FTDBTP BJSF DPO MB BDDJ™O EF NJDSPPSHBOJTNPT UFNQFSBUVSBTTVQFSJPSFTB$ TJM¥DFPT FTUFQSPDFTPGBDJMJUBTVVUJMJ[BDJ™O OPTF
GBDVMUBUJWPT GFSNFOUBEPSFT DPNP NJDSPCJPT  )VNFEBE MB IVNFEBE ™QUJNB QBSB MPHSBS MB SFDPNJFOEBQBSBPUSPTSFTJEVPTWFHFUBMFT
QSPEVDUPSFT EF ×DJEP M×DUJDP  MFWBEVSBT  FUD &TUPT NBZPSFmDJFODJBEFMQSPDFTPEFGFSNFOUBDJ™OEFM
QVFEFO TFS OBUJWPT QSPWFOJFOUFT EF MPT NBUFSJBMFT BCPOP PTDJMBFOUSFZEFMQFTP  -BWBEP "MHVOPT DPNQPTU TPCSFNBEVSPT RVF
FNQMFBEPTPBUSBW¤TEFMBJOPDVMBDJ™ONJDSPCJBOB-B  0Y¥HFOPTFDBMDVMBRVFEFOUSPEFMBNF[DMBEFMPT QVFEFOTFSWJSQBSBTVTUSBUPT FOBMHVOPTDBTPT
NBUFSJBPSH×OJDBDPONJDSPPSHBOJTNPTGFSNFOUBEPSFT SFTJEVPTPSH×OJDPTEFCFFYJTUJSVOBDPODFOUSBDJ™O FTOFDFTBSJPMBWBSMFTMBTBMFT6OFKFNQMPFTMB
NBOUJFOF FM QSPDFTP B CBKB UFNQFSBUVSBT  MP RVF EFBEFPY¥HFOP DBDIB[B RVF TF PCUJFOF FO FM QSPDFTP EF
QFSNJUF RVF MB FOFSH¥B OP TFB MJCFSBEB BM FYUFSJPS  Q)FMQ)OFDFTBSJPQBSBMBFMBCPSBDJ™OEFMBCPOP FYUSBDDJ™OEFMB[£DBS
EVSBOUF TV FMBCPSBDJ™O Z TF QVFEB BQSPWFDIBS MB EFCF FTUBS FOUSF    -PT WBMPSFT FYUSFNPT
N×YJNBFOFSH¥BEFMQSPEVDUP 0LVNPUP 4
 QFSKVEJDBOMBBDUJWJEBENJDSPCJPM™HJDB .F[DMB4FSFmFSFBMBDPNCJOBDJ™OEFEJGFSFOUFT
 3FMBDJ™O$/MBSFMBDJ™OJEFBMQBSBMBGBCSJDBDJ™O SFTJEVPTPSH×OJDPT
EF VO BCPOP EF S×QJEB GFSNFOUBDJ™O DPNP FM
CPDBTIJFTEF  4PCSFNBEVSBDJ™O 4J FM DPNQPTU WB B TFS
VUJMJ[BEP DPNP TVTUSBUP PSH×OJDP  TF EFCF
 6UJMJ[BDJ™OEFMPT3FTJEVPT0SH×OJDPTFOMB"HSJDVMUVSB 6UJMJ[BDJ™OEFMPT3FTJEVPT0SH×OJDPTFOMB"HSJDVMUVSB 
5. Proceso para elaborar el Compost $BMJEBEEFM-PNCSJDPNQPTUDPTFDIBEP

&MMPNCSJDPNQPTUBVNFOUBMPTDPOUFOJEPTEF$BZSFHVMBFMQ)EFMQSPEVDUPmOBM5BNCJ¤OTFIBSFQPSUBEPRVF
DPO FM MPNCSJDPNQPTU TF PCUJFOF NBZPSFT QPCMBDJPOFT EF NJDSPPSHBOJTNPT DPNQBSBEBT DPO FM DPNQPTU
4FMFDDJ™OEFMPTNBUFSJBMFT DPOWFODJPOBM&WBMVBDJPOFTEFMPNCSJDPNQPTUBQBSUJSEFSFTJEVPTEFCBOBOPZQVMQBEFDBG¤SFBMJ[BEPTFO$PTUB
3JDB DJUBEPQPS4PUP (
NPTUSBSPONBZPSQPCMBDJ™OEFNJDSPPSHBOJTNPTBMDPNQBSBSMPDPODPNQPTU
1BSBMBFMBCPSBDJ™OEFMDPNQPTUTFQVFEFFNQMFBS DPOWFODJPOBM
DVBMRVJFSNBUFSJBMPSH×OJDPDPOMBDPOEJDJ™ORVFOP
TF FODVFOUSF DPOUBNJOBEP DPO NFUBMFT QFTBEPT P &M MPNCSJDPNQPTU TF FNQMFB DPO NBZPS GSFDVFODJB FO MPT WJWFSPT QBSB FOSJRVFDFS MPT TVTUSBUPT EVSBOUF
DPO BMUBT QPCMBDJPOFT EF NJDSPPSHBOJTNPT FTUBCMFDJNJFOUPEFQM×OUVMBTPTFNJMMBT
QSPWFOJFOUFTEFMBTIFDFTGFDBMFT"MHVOBTNBUFSJBT
QSJNBT TF QVFEF PCUFOFS EF SFTUPT EF DPTFDIBT 
BCPOPTWFSEFT IPKBTZSBNBTQJDBEBT EFTFDIPTEF
DPDJOB FTUJ¤SDPMEFBOJNBMFT QMBOUBTNBSJOBT BMHBT
ZQMBOUBTBDV×UJDBT

 'BDUPSFT B UFOFS FO DVFOUB QBSB FMBCPSBS VO


CVFODPNQPTUBKF
'PUP/ %FUBMMFEFVOBQJMBEFDPNQPTU
− )VNFEBE TJ MB IVNFEBE JOJDJBM EF MPT SFTJEVPT
{2V¤FTFMDPNQPTU DSVEPT FT TVQFSJPS BM  EFCFNPT CVTDBS MB
GPSNB EF TFDBSMP BOUFT EF DPOGPSNBS MBT QJMBT P
&T FM QSPDFTP CJPM™HJDP NFEJBOUF FM DVBM BMHVOPT DBNFMMPOFT -B IVNFEBE JEFBM QBSB JOJDJBS FM
NJDSPPSHBOJTNPTBDU£BOTPCSFMBNBUFSJBPSH×OJDB QSPDFTPEFDPNQPTUEFCFFTUBSBMSFEFEPSEF
FO DPOEJDJPOFT DPOUSPMBEBT  EFTDPNQPOJ¤OEPMB FO 
GPSNBS×QJEBQBSBPCUFOFSVOQSPEVDUPEFOPNJOBEP
DPNQPTU RVFTJSWFDPNPBCPOPQBSBMPTDVMUJWPT − 5FNQFSBUVSBMBUFNQFSBUVSBEFMDPNQPTUQVFEFTFS
'PUP/ NBOFKBEB TFH£O MPT PCKFUJWPT EFM QSPEVDUPS EF
BCPOPTPSH×OJDPT5FNQFSBUVSBTNBZPSFTEF$
&M QSPDFTP EF DPNQPTU FT VOB EFTDPNQPTJDJ™O NBYJNJ[BO MB TBOJEBE EFM QSPDFTP 5FNQFSBUVSBT
QSFEPNJOBOUFNFOUFBFS™CJDBZTFQVFEFEJWJEJSFO FOUSF $ GBWPSFDFO MB WFMPDJEBE EF MB
USFTGBTFTMBGBTFJOJDJBMEFEFTDPNQPTJDJ™OEFMPT EFTDPNQPTJDJ™OZUFNQFSBUVSBTNFOPSFTEF$
NBUFSJBMFT N×T M×CJMFT  UBMFT DPNP B[£DBSFT  GBWPSFDFOMBEJWFSTJEBENJDSPCJBOBZEJTNJOVZFOMB
VUJMJ[BDJ™OEFMOJUS™HFOP-BUFNQFSBUVSBJEFBMPTDJMB 'PUP/ 4JTUFNBEFUSBNQBTQBSBSFNPWFSMBMPNCSJ[EFMMPNCSJDPNQPTU
QSPUF¥OBT Z BMNJEPOFT -B TFHVOEB GBTF EF
UFNQFSBUVSBT N×T BMUBT  EPOEF TF EFHSBEBO MPT FOUSF$&OMBGPUP/TFPCTFSWBMBGPSNB
NBUFSJBMFT N×T SFDBMDJUSBOUFT DPNP DFMVMPTB Z MB EFNFEJSMBUFNQFSBUVSB
MJHOJOB  Z mOBMNFOUF B MB GBTF UFSDFSB EF T¥OUFTJT 
EPOEFTFGPSNBOMBTTVTUBODJBTI£NJDBT

 6UJMJ[BDJ™OEFMPT3FTJEVPT0SH×OJDPTFOMB"HSJDVMUVSB 6UJMJ[BDJ™OEFMPT3FTJEVPT0SH×OJDPTFOMB"HSJDVMUVSB 
DBMJEBEEFBHVB  ×SFBPTVQFSmDJFEFCVFOUBNB¯P 6OBWF[EFQPTJUBEPFMQJFEFDS¥BFOMBTDBNBT TF
QBSB FTUBCMFDFS FM NPEVMP EF MPNCSJDPNQPTU Z QSPDFEFFOGPSNBNBOVBMBSFQBSUJSMBTMPNCSJDFT 
SFDVSTPT IVNBOPT $POTJEFSBOEP MPT FMFNFOUPT UFOJFOEP DVJEBEP EF OP MBTUJNBSMBT 'JOBMNFOUF TF
BOUFSJPSFT Z TJ OP EJTQPOFNPT EF SFDVSTPT SFDPNJFOEB SFHBS FO GPSNB MJHFSB  DPO FM mO EF
FDPO™NJDPT  TF QVFEF FNQMFBS EFTEF DBKPOFT EF SFDVQFSBSMBQ¤SEJEBEFIVNFEBE
NBEFSB IBTUBSFDJQJFOUFTQM×TUJDPTEFCVFOUBNB¯P
4JUFOFNPTMPTSFDVSTPT TFQVFEFDPOTUSVJSDBNBTP " DPOUJOVBDJ™O TF FTQFSB FOUSF  Z  E¥BT 
MFDIPTDPOMBESJMMPSFWFTUJEPFOTVJOUFSJPSDPOVOB PCTFSWBOEPRVFOPMFTGBMUFBMJNFOUPFOMBDBNB1BSB
DBQBEFDFNFOUPZBSFOB SFQFMMP
&OMBGPUP/TF FMMP  TF DPMPDB PUSB DBQB EF  DN EF SFTJEVPT
PCTFSWBVOQSPUPUJQPEFDBNBTQBSBQSPEVDDJ™OEF PSH×OJDPT EF  DN EF FTQFTPS Z TF SFQJUF FTUB
MPNCSJ[SPKBZMPTDBOBMFTZMBGPTBQBSBSFDPHFSMPT BEJDJ™OEFNBUFSJBMDBEBE¥BT4FFTUJNBRVFQPS
SFTJEVPTM¥RVJEPT DBEBNFUSPDVBESBEPEFMFDIPPDBNB TFSFRVJFSF
,HEJBSJPTEFNBUFSJBQSJNBFOEFTDPNQPTJDJ™O

$PTFDIB

%FTQV¤TEFPNFTFTEFBDVFSEPBMPTSFTJEVPT
PSH×OJDPT FNQMFBEPT FO MB BMJNFOUBDJ™O EF MBT
'PUP/ .FEJDJ™OEFMBUFNQFSBUVSB NFEJBOUFVOUFSN™NFUSP
MPNCSJDFT FTJNQPSUBOUFSFBMJ[BSVOBDPTFDIBQBSB
QFSNJUJS RVF MBT MPNCSJDFT QVFEBO NVMUJQMJDBSTF Z
EFTBSSPMMBSTF  Z UBNCJ¤O QPEFS FYUSBFS FM − 0Y¥HFOPFMQSPDFTPEFDPNQPTUFTBFS™CJDPPTFBRVFTFVUJMJ[BFOQSFTFODJBEFPY¥HFOP
MPNCSJDPNQPTUPIVNVT
4VDPODFOUSBDJ™OEFQFOEFEFMBTNBUFSJBTQSJNBT MBUFYUVSB MBIVNFEBEZGSFDVFODJBEFBJSFBDJ™O ZEFMO£NFSPEF
&M QSPDFTP DPOTJTUF FO MB TFQBSBDJ™O EFM IVNVT WPMUFPTEFMPTNBUFSJBMFT&MOJWFM™QUJNPEFPY¥HFOPFTBQSPYJNBEBNFOUFEFM
T™MJEP Z MBT MPNCSJDFT FM QJF EF DS¥B
 1BSB FTUB
'PUP/ $POTUSVDDJ™OQBSBQSPEVDDJ™OEFMPNCSJ[SPKB
BDUJWJEBE TFFNQMFBMBNFUPEPMPH¥BEFTFQBSBDJ™O − Q)&MQ)BEFDVBEPQBSBVODPNQPTUPTDJMBFOVOSBOHPFOUSF-PTIPOHPTUPMFSBOVOQ)FOUSFoZMBT
DPOUSBNQBT-BNFUPEPMPH¥BEFUSBNQBTDPOTJTUFFO CBDUFSJBTEFB
-BTDBNBTPMFDIPTEFCFOTFSEFNEFBODIP QPSFM TVQSJNJSFMBMJNFOUPEFMBTMPNCSJDFTEVSBOUFE¥BT &OTVFMPT×DJEPTTFSFDPNJFOEBRVFFMQ)TFBEFVOWBMPSEFQBSBRVFFMBCPOPPSH×OJDPOPTFDVFTUSFMPT
MBSHPEFMFTQBDJPRVFTFEJTQPOHBZEFMBDBOUJEBEEF %FTQV¤T TF DPMPDB BMJNFOUP FO VO FYUSFNP EF MB DBUJPOFTEFMBTPMVDJ™OEFMTVFMP MPDVBMTFUSBEVDFFOEFTNFKPSBNJFOUPEFMDVMUJWP
MPNCSJBCPOPRVFFTUBNPTFODBQBDJEBEEFQSPEVDJS DBNB Z TF FTQFSB RVF UPEBT MMFHVFO B DPNFS Z B
&MQJTPQVFEFTFSFOUJFSSBQFSPCJFODPNQBDUBEPP DPOUJOVBDJ™OTFDPTFDIBFMMPNCSJDPNQPTUEFMMBEP − 3FMBDJ™O$/-BSFMBDJ™O$/FYQSFTBMBTVOJEBEFTEF$BSCPOP $
QPSVOJEBEFTEF/JUS™HFOP /
RVFDPOUJFOFFM
NFKPS FO DFNFOUP "M FTUBCMFDFS MBT DBNBT FT DPOUSBSJPEFMBDBNB 7FS'PUP/
 NBUFSJBM&M$BSCPOPFTVOBGVFOUFEFFOFSH¥BQBSBMPTNJDSPPSHBOJTNPTZFM/JUS™HFOPFTVOFMFNFOUPJNQPSUBOUF
JNQPSUBOUFEFKBSVOBQFOEJFOUFEFMDPOFMmOEF
QBSBMBT¥OUFTJTQSPUFJDB
FWJUBSFODIBSDBNJFOUPZQPEFSSFDPHFSMPTSFTJEVPT
M¥RVJEPTEFMQSPDFTP
&OU¤SNJOPTHFOFSBMFTTFDPOTJEFSBBEFDVBEB VOBSFMBDJ™O$/JOJDJBMEF
&TUBCMFDJNJFOUPEFMBTMPNCSJDFTFOMBTDBNBT
3FMBDJPOFT$/BMUBT PDBTJPOBORVFFMQSPDFTPEFEFTDPNQPTJDJ™OTFBN×TMFOUP
$VBOEP ZB TF UJFOFO MBT DBNBT  TF JODPSQPSB MPT
3FMBDJPOFT$/CBKBT IBDFORVFTFQJFSEB/JUS™HFOP /
QPSGBMUBEFFTUSVDUVSBTEF$BSCPOP RVFQFSNJUBO
SFTJEVPTPSH×OJDPTGPSNBOEPVOBDBQBEFDNEF
RVFMPSFUFOHBO
FTQFTPSQBSBFWJUBSBMUBTUFNQFSBUVSBT

 6UJMJ[BDJ™OEFMPT3FTJEVPT0SH×OJDPTFOMB"HSJDVMUVSB 6UJMJ[BDJ™OEFMPT3FTJEVPT0SH×OJDPTFOMB"HSJDVMUVSB 
5.4. Pasos a seguir para la elaboración 6. Lombricultura
de un buen compost − 1PSDFOUBKF EF PY¥HFOP Z Q) MBT MPNCSJDFT
SFRVJFSFOPY¥HFOP&TUFHBTFTMPRVFEFUFSNJOBMB
QSPGVOEJEBE IBTUB EPOEF QVFEF QFOFUSBS MB
MPNCSJ[FOFMTVTUSBUP-BDBOUJEBEEFPY¥HFOPRVF
SFRVJFSFOEFCFTFSEFMZFMQ)RVFTPQPSUBOTF
FODVFOUSBFOUSF

&O MB 5BCMB /  TF QSFTFOUBO MBT DPOEJDJPOFT


JEFBMFTQBSBMBSFQSPEVDDJ™OZDSFDJNJFOUPEFMB
MPNCSJ[DBMJGPSOJBOB

5BCMB$POEJDJPOFTQBSBFMFTUBCMFDJNJFOUPEFMB
MPNCSJ[DBMJGPSOJBOB &JTFOJBGPFUJEB


3BOHPBDFQUBCMF »QUJNP
'PUP/ 1SPEVDDJ™OEFMPNCSJ[SPKB
0YÓHFOP 
 o  
B
&TDPHFSVOMVHBSBEFDVBEPDPOCVFO C
4FMFDDJ™OEFMBTNBUFSJBTQSJNBT
-B-PNCSJDVMUVSBFTFMQSPDFTPNFEJBOUFFMDVBMMBT 5FNQFSBUVSB $
 o   o 
ESFOBKFZFTQBDJPRVFGBDJMJUFFMWPMUFP
MPNCSJDFT USBOTGPSNBO MPT SFTJEVPT PSH×OJDPT FO Q)  o   o 
BCPOP PSH×OJDP EF CVFOB DBMJEBE %F MBT  )VNFEBE 
     
FTQFDJFTEFMPNCSJDFTRVFFYJTUFOFOFMNVOEP MB
MPNCSJ[DBMJGPSOJBOB &JTFOJBGPFUJEB GVFTFMFDDJPOBEB − "MJNFOUBDJ™OMBTMPNCSJDFTJOHJFSFOUPEPUJQPEF
QPS5IPNBT #BSSFUFOFO&TUBEPT6OJEPTQPS SFTJEVPT PSH×OJDPT FO EFTDPNQPTJDJ™O TJO
TVBMUBBEBQUBDJ™OBWJWJSFOBMUBTEFOTJEBEFT QPSFM FNCBSHP  MB NBUFSJB PSH×OJDB RVF FNQJF[B B
BNQMJPSBOHPEFEFTFDIPTPSH×OJDPTEFMBTDVBMFTTF EFTDPNQPOFSTF HFOFSB BMUBT UFNQFSBUVSBT RVF
BMJNFOUBZQPSTVBEBQUBDJ™OBEJGFSFOUFTDPOEJDJPOFT QVFEFO BGFDUBS MB MPNCSJ[ Z TVTQFOEFS FM DJDMP
DMJN×UJDBT #PMMP 
 SFQSPEVDUJWP1PSMPBOUFSJPS FTOFDFTBSJPEFKBS
RVFFMEFTFDIPPSH×OJDPTFEFTDPNQPOHBFOUSF
 3FRVFSJNJFOUPT BNCJFOUBMFT QBSB TV Z  E¥BT BOUFT RVF QVFEB TFS JOHFSJEP QPS MBT
EFTBSSPMMP MPNCSJDFT

G
.BOUFOFSMBIVNFEBEBEFDVBEB4JMBQJMBFTU×NVZ − )VNFEBE Z UFNQFSBUVSB MB IVNFEBE Z MB  *OGSBFTUSVDUVSB QBSB FM FTUBCMFDJNJFOUP EF
UFNQFSBUVSB TPO GBDUPSFT JNQPSUBOUFT QBSB TV MPNCSJDFSBT
I£NFEBZBQFMNB[BEBOPFTMPBEFDVBEP4JTFEFKB H
.FEJSMBUFNQFSBUVSBDBEBE¥BT
TFDBSEFNBTJBEPTFQJFSEFMBBDUJWJEBENJDSPCJBM DPOVOUFSN™NFUSP-BUFNQFSBUVSB EFTBSSPMMP-BIVNFEBEEFCFFTUBSFOUSFFMZFM
 Z MB UFNQFSBUVSB FOUSF $ &M VTP EF 1BSBPCUFOFSNFKPSFTSFTVMUBEPTFOMBDPOTUSVDDJ™O
&MOJWFMEFIVNFEBEEFCFPTDJMBSFOUSF JEFBMEFCFFTUBSFOUSF$
SFTJEVPTPSH×OJDPTNVZGSFTDPTZFODBQBTNVZ EFVOBMPNCSJDFSBFTJNQPSUBOUFDPOTJEFSBSZUFOFS
4FQVFEFFWBMVBSUPNBOEPVOBNVFTUSBEFMDPNQPTU
HSVFTBTHFOFSBUFNQFSBUVSBTNVZBMUBT MPDVBM FO DVFOUB MPT TJHVJFOUFT GBDUPSFT EJTQPOJCJMJEBE Z
FOMBNBOPZBQSFUBSMB OPEFCFOTBMJSN×TEF
BGFDUBMBQPCMBDJ™OEFMBTMPNCSJDFT DBOUJEBE EF MPT SFTJEVPT PSH×OJDPT  DBOUJEBE Z
HPUBTEFBHVB
6UJMJ[BDJ™OEFMPT3FTJEVPT0SH×OJDPTFOMB"HSJDVMUVSB 
E
$POTUSVJSVOBQJMBBMBSHBEBPFOGPSNBQJSBNJEBMDPOMPTEPT
NPOUPOFT-BNF[DMBEFCFSTFSSJDBFODFMVMPTB MJHOJOB QPEBT
EFIPKBT QBKBT
ZFOB[£DBSFT SFTUPTEFIPSUBMJ[BTZGSVUBT

&TJNQPSUBOUFBHSFHBSFTUJ¤SDPMPSFTUPTEFNBUBEFSP
D
)BDFSEPTQJMBTPNPOUPOFT
ZFWBMVBSMBIVNFEBEEFDBEBQJMB

F
3FBMJ[BSWPMUFPTQFSJ™EJDPT
BMBQJMBQBSBHBSBOUJ[BSFM
PY¥HFOP-PTWPMUFPTTFJOJDJBO
EFTQV¤TEFEPTTFNBOBTEF
DPOTUSVJEBMBQJMBZTFSFQJUFO
PWFDFTDBEBE¥BT

I
&TQFSBSUSFTNFTFTPNFOPTEFBDVFSEP
BMBTDPOEJDJPOFTEFMDMJNBEPOEFTF
FODVFOUSFMBDPNQPTUFSBQBSBPCUFOFSVO J
.FEJSBMJOJDJPEFMQSPDFTPZBMmOBM
DPNQPTUEFCVFOBDBMJEBE MBSFMBDJ™O$/FOFMMBCPSBUPSJP
&WBMVBDJ™OEFMBDBMJEBEEFMDPNQPTU &OSJRVFDJNJFOUPEFMDPNQPTU 1SPCMFNBTRVFTFQSFTFOUBOFOMBT$PNQPTUFSBT

%FUFSNJOBSMBDBMJEBEEFMDPNQPTUFTVOEFMPTSFUPT "MHVOPT JOWFTUJHBEPSFT SFDPNJFOEBO FOSJRVFDFS FM B


1SFTFODJBEFNPTDBTFMQSPCMFNBEFMBTNPTDBTFOMBTDPNQPTUFSBTQBSBQSPEVDJSBCPOPPSH×OJDP QVFEF
EF NBZPS JOWFTUJHBDJ™O FO FTUF NPNFOUP DPNQPTUPFMMPNCSJDPNQPTUDPOEJGFSFOUFTQSPEVDUPT EJTNJOVJSTFQPSNFEJPEFMWPMUFPGSFDVFOUF-BVUJMJ[BDJ™OEFUSBNQBTEFDPOUSPMCJPM™HJDPPFM¤DUSJDBTUBNCJ¤O
"DUVBMNFOUFMPTMBCPSBUPSJPTEFTVFMPTIBOPQUBEP RV¥NJDPT P CJPM™HJDPT  DPO FM mO EF UFOFS NFKPSFT FTVOBCVFOBFTUSBUFHJBRVFBZVEBBEJTNJOVJSMBTQPCMBDJPOFTEFNPTDBT
QPS PGSFDFS DPNP BO×MJTJT EF DPNQPTU MB EJHFTUJ™O SFTVMUBEPT  TJO FNCBSHP  PUSPT BVUPSFT OP FTU×O EF
UPUBM RVFQFSNJUFEBSJOGPSNBDJ™OTPCSFFMDPOUFOJEP BDVFSEPDPOFTUBQS×DUJDB QPSFMBVNFOUPEFMPTDPTUPT C
1SFTFODJBEFPMPSFTMBQSPEVDDJ™OEFPMPSFTFTQSPQPSDJPOBMBMBQSFTJ™OEFWBQPS-BQSFTJ™OEFWBQPSEFM
UPUBMEFOVUSJNFOUPT4JOFNCBSHP TFTBCFRVFFTUF ZQPSDPOTJEFSBSRVFTFEFCFUFOFSFODVFOUBMBDBMJEBE TVTUSBUPBVNFOUBIBTUBWFDFT BMQBTBSMBUFNQFSBUVSBEF$B$4JOFNCBSHP MPTQSPCMFNBTEF
BO×MJTJTTPCSFFTUJNBMBEJTQPOJCJMJEBEEFOVUSJNFOUPT EF MPT SFTJEVPT FNQMFBEPT Z MB GFSUJMJEBE EFM TVFMP PMPSFTTFEFCFOHFOFSBMNFOUFBMBSFEVDDJ™OEFMQSPDFTPEFEFTDPNQPTJDJ™O4JTFNBOFKBFMTJTUFNBDPOVOB
BDPSUPQMB[P ZBRVFMBTUBTBTEFMJCFSBDJ™OTPON×T EPOEFTFWBBQMJDBS CVFOBPYJHFOBDJ™OFTQPTJCMFEJTNJOVJSMPTPMPSFTGVFSUFT
MFOUBT $VBOEPTFBMNBDFOBOMBTNBUFSJBTQSJNBTBOUFTEFJOJDJBSFMQSPDFTPEFDPNQPTUDPNPQPSFKFNQMPMPT
B
 "MHVOPT JOWFTUJHBEPSFT FOUSF FMMPT $BMEFS™O  ' FTUJ¤SDPMFTEFWBDVOPT HBMMJOB[B QPSRVJOB[B FUD MBGPSNBEFEJTNJOVJSMPTPMPSFTFTDVCSJFOEPFMNBUFSJBM
4FH£O .FM¤OEF[  ( 
 EF MB 6OJWFSTJEBE EF DPODPNQPTUWJFKP BTFSS¥O DBMFOQFRVF¯BTDBOUJEBEFT™DBSC™ONPMJEP

 SFDPNJFOEB FOSJRVFDFS FM DPNQPTU QBSB
$PTUB 3JDB  MBT GPSNBT N×T DPNVOFT QBSB
TVFMPTEFmDJFOUFTFOG™TGPSPJODPSQPSBEPIBTUBVO
EFUFSNJOBS MB DBMJEBE EFM DPNQPTU TF QVFEFO D
 -JYJWJBEPT Z FTDPSSFOU¥B DVBOEP MBT DPNQPTUFSBT TF FODVFOUSBO B DJFMP BCJFSUP  FM NBOFKP EFM BHVB EF
 EF TV QFTP DPO SPDB GPTG™SJDB Z BHSFHBS
EFUFSNJOBS FO MBCPSBUPSJP QPS NFEJP EF MPT FTDPSSFOU¥BTFDPOWJFSUFFOVOQSPCMFNBNBZPSZFTOFDFTBSJPDPOTUSVJSUBORVFTEFTFEJNFOUBDJ™OQBSBSFDPHFS
TJHVJFOUFTBO×MJTJT NJDSPPSHBOJTNPTTPMVCJ[BEPSFTEFGPTGBUPTBCBTF
MPTMJYJWJBEPTZFNQMFBSMPTDPNPGFSUJMJ[BOUFGPMJBS
EF CBDUFSJBT DPNP 1TFVEPNPOBT P UBNCJ¤O
B
$POUFOJEPUPUBMEFOVUSJNFOUPTQPSEJHFTUJ™OUPUBM FNQMFBOEP MPT IPOHP 5SJDIPEFSNB TQ Z &MBTQFDUPRVFN×TQSFPDVQBBMPTU¤DOJDPTZBHSJDVMUPSFTBMIBCMBSEFMJYJWJBDJPOFTFTMBDPOUBNJOBDJ™OEF
EFMBNBUFSJBPSH×OJDB4FUSBUBFMBCPOPPSH×OJDP "TQFSHJMMJVTOJHFS BHVBTTVCUFSS×OFBTDPOOJUSBUPT FTQFDJBMNFOUFTJTFUSBCBKBDPOFYDSFUBTBOJNBMFTFOMBDPNQPTUFSB
DPNPVOBNVFTUSBGPMJBS
C
$POUFOJEPEJTQPOJCMFEFOVUSJNFOUPTTFVUJMJ[BO C
-BBEJDJ™OEFFMFNFOUPTNFOPSFTBMDPNQPTU TF
TPMVDJPOFTFYUSBDUPSBTRVFTJNVMBOMBDBQBDJEBE SFDPNJFOEBDVBOEPTFQSFTFOUBOEFmDJFODJBTFOFM
EFBCTPSDJ™OEFMBTQMBOUBTQBSBEFUFSNJOBSMPT TVFMPEPOEFWBNPTBQMJDBSMPTBCPOPTPSH×OJDPT
OVUSJNFOUPT RVF FTU×O EJTQPOJCMFT FO FM DPSUP &OFTUF£MUJNPDBTPTFSFDPNJFOEBFMVTPEFVOB
QMB[P 4F QSPDFTB FM BCPOP PSH×OJDP  DPNP VO QSFNF[DMBDPNFSDJBMSJDBFONJDSPFMFNFOUPT
BO×MJTJTEFTVFMPT
D
*OEJDBEPSFTEFIVNJmDBDJ™OFMIVNVTGPSNBEP D
"EJDJ™OEFJO™DVMPTNJDSPCJPM™HJDPTFOBMHVOPT
QPSFMDPNQPTUBKFQVFEFTFSFYUSB¥EPDPO×MDBMJT DBTPT MBTFTQFDJFTEF5SJDIPEFSNBIBS[JBOVNZ
IJES™YJEP EF TPEJP P QJSPGPTGBUP T™EJDP
 &M 5SJDMPEFSNB WJSJEF TPO BQUBT QBSB FM DPOUSPM EF
IVNVTFYUSB¥EPQVFEFTFSNFEJEPQPSPYJEBDJ™O QBU™HFOPTDVBOUPTFTUPTTFWVFMWFOSFTJTUFOUFTB
EF TV DBSCPOP &M DBSCPOP I£NJDP FYUSB¥EP FT MPT GVOHJDJEBT EF VTP DPN£O %F BDVFSEP DPO
MMBNBEP UBTB EF FYUSBDDJ™O 4JO FNCBSHP  FTUF $BMEFS™O'
FTUBTFTQFDJFTEJTNJOVZFOFM
WBMPSWBS¥BFOUSFNBUFSJBMFT BUBRVFEFNVDIBTFOGFSNFEBEFTQSPEVDJEBTQPS
E
 1SVFCB EF mUPUPYJDJEBE MB mUPUPYJDJEBE EFM 3IZ[PDUPOJB  1ZUIJVN  1IZUPQIUIPSB  'VTBSJVN 
DPNQPTU QVFEFO FWBMVBSTF B USBW¤T EF MB #PUSZUJT Z $PMMFUUPUSJDIVN Z BZVEBO B SFEVDJS
HFSNJOBDJ™OEFMBTFNJMMB FMPOHBDJ™OEFSB¥DFTP BMHVOPTOFN×UPEPT
NJEJFOEP FM DSFDJNJFOUP EF MBT QM×OUVMBT FO FM
DPNQPTUPFONF[DMBDPOTVFMP .PSFM +$PIFO 
'


 6UJMJ[BDJ™OEFMPT3FTJEVPT0SH×OJDPTFOMB"HSJDVMUVSB 6UJMJ[BDJ™OEFMPT3FTJEVPT0SH×OJDPTFOMB"HSJDVMUVSB 

You might also like