KpttBwrno rrpou;ectto rrpaBo

OrrwTe ttanoMeHe 0 KpMBJ,f'lH0M rrpo�eCH0M rrpaa y ),f KpMBV!'IH0M II0CTyrrK y 19

CT. 1 3KII). 27 MCTpar a �_no1<peheJiapep;601t1 H ap;Jie)KH0r jaBHor TY)KJ10-

u;a, a_,g0Hoc11 ce rrpe mm Herrog,ep;H.o_no_ _ciie_rr12Be gOKa3He_pa�j_Y-£Y_
rrpe�-}2Kl1Jian; J1JI!UI_9Jll1!Q!j a y_rr_peffi:!CTpa)KH0M UQ£l'YIIK)!, a
M IllT0
tt aj KaCHMje y poxy op; 30 p;aH a op; p;aHa K ap;a je jaBH11 TY)KJ1Jiau; o6aBeIIIT�H
ap;liljy M
o rrpBoj p;oK a3HOj pa p;H,J1 Kojy: je II0JIJ1u;:vrja �JI_g_('-IJI. 296, CT. 1 J1 2
: np..€A2
zna6HU 3KIT). OcHOBHM u;:vrlb J1cT_pare-jecTe IIfIBKYIIJb aH,e p;oKa3a :vr rrog aT a�a He­
onxonH:vrx 3a JJ;QH.OllieH,e op;n�e_Q_rro.i:i;113aH,y orrTy)KHMu;e J17Il1 o__o6ycT a!ll1
rraBHQf
KpHBJill-HO.LIIQ£I..ynK.a ('-IJI. 295, CT. 2 3KII). McTpa+a--ce...D ®.H'-IaBa ,l;l;0HO­
IlleH>eJ.Uiap.e�aapwe..risy:vrCTpare_Qp; cTp aHe jaBHor �y)K:vro.u,a. ITopep;
ttorn o­ HeCy,Mlbl1BO BeJIJ1K0f 3H aq�a, l1CTpar a HMje o6aBe3H a cpa3a rrpeTXO,JJ;H0f
cTy.nKa, rrocTyrrKa. McTpar a M0)Ke J130cT aTJ1 y rnyqajy rrop;:vr3aH,a HenocJ}.i;m;/£ Q!!­
a Be3y je �-aKo rrpMKyrrJbeH:vr II0,ijfil.l;J1 0 KEJ1Bl1'-IHOM n;eny-!!..Y_;!J1HJ10!!,):': :apy.,­
7 3KII). �ajy p;oB0JbHO 0CH0Ba 3a OIITy)KeH,e ('-IJI. 331, CT. 5 3KII).
je rrpo­
OnmyJ1Ce1-pe je Tpeha��TXO,JJ;HOf Kpl1Bl1'-IH0f llOCTynK a K0ja rro­
monp.o­
':I.!:!,!!& rrop;HoIIIeH,eM orrTy)Ktt:J1u;5, a 3aBpIIIaBa ce rroTBE9.J1BaH,eM orrTy)K­
yrr aK c�
U Kojoj ttvru;e (cTyrraH,eM OITTY)KHJ1u;e Ha rrp aBHY Cl;!.ary). ¢a3y 0ITTy)KeH,a 1.:{J1He
,[\Be KJbJl.:{He aKTJ1BH0CTJ1 - II9,!U!�H,.e_.on:cy.2KHJ1ge J1 lbeHO J1CIIJ1TJ1Balbe
�J-rnau;, Iii
op; cTpaHe Batffij?eT2ecHor_Beha . MaTepMja nH:vr yrnoB 3a rrop;113aH,e orr­
) p.err0..3a
;y3J1M ajy Tpirn:vru;e l13�)Ke..!!_je rro cToj aH,eM orrpaBp; aHe cy�lhe p;cLle op;.Q_�o JIMY,t
IDJi.I4J10 Kf)J1-BJ1-1lHQ-p;eno. ,,Ilop;:vr3albeM OITTY�HMIJ� ,!I?l1Bl1'-IHJ1 ITOCT"yp aK
<TM':IKJ1X
H3 Ty)K:vrJia1.:1Ke rrpena3J1 y cyp;CKy cp a3y, jep ce cyp; TeK Tap;a y rryH0M Karra­
)BOI)e�e
mrn albe, ll;HTeTy YKJbyqyje y K el1BJ11.:IH.!:!_IIOC�yrraK, KOjl1 p;o T�0MeHT a 11 !!!!ie
6v10 CTp aH a$J1 y Jlyr!0M._SM_!!CJIY Te pe3J1, C o63MpOM Ha TO p;a je jaBHJ1
np11jaBe.
�or ry)KJ1rr au; Hae:_yrrao y yno3J1 o pr aHa K0Me je rroBe eHo BOI)elhe rr eTXop;­
rocyliaBa H�3e llOCT�(rrpep;J1cTp a)KHOf J1 l1CTp a)KH0f . CTor a, II0)J;J13aH,e 0II­
1,1cware TY)KHJ1l.1;�03Ha1.:l aBa HaMepy :vr crrpeMH0CT j aBHor TY)KM�u; a, KOjM je p;o T ap;a _
311 rrpeT­ rrpms_yrrlh ao p;oKa3e, p;a op;pel:,eH_y K pJ1BJ11.:1Hy cTB ap l13Hece rrpep; cyp; 11 p;�
y ,o;aJbeM T0K Y.: IT0C'!Y!:!Ka 3ay3Me ynoryj�p;He..£,D; CTP�K �, rrpeIIYillT ajytrn
·eTa Kp!1-
A0Tap;aIIIlhY ynory opr�a rro cTyrrKa cyp;y."28 3aBpIIIeT aK oBe cpa3e 03Ha­
1 BO�lbe
1p aj)W.l1M ':laBa v1 Kpaj rrpeTX0)J;H0r CT ap;MjyMa IS£l1BJ11.:IH0r II0CTJII Ka 11 ll0'-IeT aK rn aB­
HOf Kpl1BJ1�Hor II0CTyrrKa.
a__E£Y?.KJ1
CTpa)l(HM I'lla6HU KpU6U11HU nocmynaK je p;pyrM c1' ap;11jyM rrpBOCTerreH0: �:vr­
p:Ka (tt aj­ BM':IH0r II0CTYITKa K0jl1 II0'-IJ1-!f>e llOTBpf)MB albeM 0ITTY)KHJ1u;e 11 Tpaje l!Q
ajeM Kp11- ,!l;OH0illelba rr�ocTerreHe cyp;cKe op;nyKe. OBaj CT ap;11jyM KpMBM'-IH0r rro­
cryrrKa je rrornehett YTBPI)MB aH,_y J13BeCHOCTJ129 Y Kpl1BJ11.:IH0j CTBap11 J1 lbe­
HOM npecyf)elhy. C o63MpoM Ha TO p;a ce cyp;CKa op;nyKa (rrpecyp;a, a l13Y-
a Koja ce
l0 p;erfo;; a 27 Bi,iwe o TOMe: DOWKOBY!h, A. (2010). Ty:JICUl!a'tKO n0llUL(U]CKU K0Hl,\enrn ucrnpaze u e<juKaCHocrn
KpU8U'tH0Z nocrnynKa (AOKTOpCKa Al1CepTau,v1ja), TipaBHM <j:>aKynTeT YHttBep3MTeTa y Kparyjenu;y,
('-Irr. 295, KparyjeBau,.
28 Hnuh, r. TI. et al. (2013). Opus citaturn, cTp. 754-755.
29 TiojaM U38eCHocrn je 3aKOHCKM ypel)ett H !TOA H,Y!M ce ITOApa3yMeBa 3aK/b)"laK O HecyMlbMBOM
HO H3A,), JTI noCTojali>y 11/IH HenocTojaH>y qytH,eHMU,a, Koje je 3aCHOBaHO Ha o6jeKTMBHHM MepttllHMa
pacylji,isafua (q11. 2, CT. I, T. 20 3KTI).
 Ormne HaIIOMeHe O Kp!ABJ1'l.HOM npo11ecttOM rrpaBy 1,1 Kp"1BJ1'-IHOM IIOCTyrrKy 21

J1Majyh:n y BMAY CTPYKTYPY pep;oBHor Kp:nB:nqHor nocTynKa, MO)Ke ce

3aKJbyqJ1TJ1 p;a cy p;Ba MOMeHTa KJbyqHa 3a a,eroBy )];J1HaM11Ky - Il-OKpe-,-,
TaH>.e M OKOHl.Jatt,e Kp11BJ1qHJ1 nocTynaK ce CMaTpa IlOKpettyT:nM y CJie­
,n;effifM crryqajeB:nMa:.
'---
1) p;ottollleH>eM Hapeo6e o cnpoBOIJe1b y ucmPE!e; V
2) nomBpfJUBaHJeM on�e...Koj.QL!L:nje npeTX01rnna MCT_Q§lra (y rny-
qajy tterrocpep;Hor onTy)KeH>a); �
3) p;ottollleH>eM peute1ba o oopef;uBaHJy upumBilJla ope rronttollleH>a -
on-
Ty)Kttor npeAJIOra y CKpaheHOM IlOCTyrrKy; L-/
4) oopefJUBa1beM 2naBH02 npempeca unu po:t,uiuma 3a u3puu,aH;£, Kpu-
auime GaHKU,Uje y CKpaheHOM-IOl CLyIIKy; \/'
5) oopefJUBa1beM 2naBH02 np_g.!!]pe£q_y_ rrocT...Y!,!!Y 3a 113p11u;aH>e Mepe 6e3-
6ep;ttoCTM o6aBe3HOr IlCMX:njaTpMjCKOr rreqeH,a. \./
Kp:nBM'IHM nocTynaK ce MO)Ke OKOHqaTJ1 Ha CJiep;ehe Haq:nHe:
1) 1!l!_ecyoo�(OC�M, OCJl�IlOM J1JIJ1 op;611iajx_noM);
2) 3aK7bY1!!1beM cnopa3yMa o _!!f_U3Ha1!:.Y 'f5P_UBU;jH02-2,ena (rrpecyp;a o
npmrnaTaH>y cnopa3yMa);
3) o6ycmaBoM ucm_pa2e (ttapep;6oM jaBHor TY)KJ1ou;a); V
4) o6ycmaBoM nocmynKa (pellleH>eM BattnpeTpecHor Bena MTIM rrpep;- '--'
ce,n;ttm<a rrpeTpecttor Befiaf;
5) oo6au,uaa1beM on1!]}'.J1CH02 aKma (perneH>eM BattrrpeTpecttor MJIM
npeTpeettor Bena). V

4. J1cTop11jcKJ1 CHCTeMH KpHBH'IHOr nocTynKa

Kpl1BJ1qHo rrpou;eCHo rrpaBo je rrpollIJIO BeOMa p;yr J1CTOp11jCKJ1 pa3BOj
KOjvt ce MO)Ke IIOCMaTpaT:n Kp03 TPl1 OCHOBHa CJ1CTeMa Kpl1Bl1qHor no­
CTyrrKa - OITTY)KHJ1 (aKy3aTOpCKJ1), 11CTpa)KHJ1 (ItIHKBJ13J1TOpCK:n) M caB­
peMeHvt (MellIOBJ1TM) CJ1CTeM.
OnmyJ1CHU Kpuawmu nocmynaK (accusatorius, TY)KJ1JiaqK11) jecTe
HajcTap:nj:n CJ1CTeM Kp11Bl1qHor IlOCTynKa, Koj:n je 6110 3acTynJbeH y aH­
Tvl'IKOj fpqKoj M PMMy. 3aCH:nBao ce Ha CTporoj p;eo6:n rrpou;ecmu q>yttK­
�vtja (cyl)ea,e, OIITy)KeH>e 11 op;6paHa) Ha Tp:n IIOTIIYHO O,D;BOjeHa 11 He-
3aBMCHa rrpou;ecHa cy6jeKTa ( cyp;, TY)Kl1Jiau; 11 OKp11BJbeH:n). Ty)Kl1Tiau; M
OKpvtBlbeHJ1 cy 6mm CTpaHKe y IIOCTyrrKy, a Kp11BJ1qHJ,[ IIOCTynaK ce rro­
CMaTpao Kao crrop J13Me1jy IIOTIIYHO paBHbnpaBHJ1X CTpaHaKa. Ty:)l<11Jiau;,
KOjvt je y q:ncTOM OIITY)KHOM nocTynKy OillTeneHJ1, J13HOCJ10 je crrop npe,n;
 Kp1i1BK'IHOITpou;ecHJ1 cy6jeKTJ1 29
MO HaqeJIO op;eJI>eHOCTl1 Kp11B11qHorrpon;ecHl1X cpy1IKn;11ja (MOHO<pyttKn;11-
0HaJIHOCT) 11 Ha'-!eJio HeIIOHOBlI>l1BOCTl1 Kp11Bl1'-IHOIIpou,ecHor cy6jeKTa
y MCTOj Kp11Bl1qHoj CTBap11 (ne bis in idem). Y3 OBa p;Ba HaqeJia IIOCTOje
M p;pyra Koja cy KapaKTep.11cT.t1'-!Ha caMo 3a rrojep;11He KpMB.11'-!Horrpou;ec­
He cy6jeKTe (ttrrp. Haqena y pap;y Kp11Bv1qttor cyp;a .11:JI.11 y opraH.113au,11jv1
jaBHOr TY)KJ1JiallITBa 11 en.) o Koj11Ma he 611T11 peq.11 y op;roBapajyheM rro­
rnaBJbY y yI,I6ett.11Ky.

2.1. HaqeJio op;eJI>eHOCTl1 Kp11BMqHorrpou;eCHl1X <pyttKu;.11:ja

Haqeno op;eJI>eHOCTJ1 Kp.t1Bl1'-IHorrpon;ecm1x cpyttKn;11ja 3Ha1I11 p;a je ma­
KM Kpt1BJ1'-IHOIIpou;ecH.11 cy6jeKT HOCl1Jiau; caMo jep;He 3aKOHOM op;pet)eHe
q>)'HKI.J,J1je y Kp.11BJ1'-IHOM rrocTyrrKy. 45 0Baj rrpl1Hl.l;J1II 03HaqaBa 3a6paHy
crm�aja pa3m:I'IJ1TMX KpJ1BJ1qHorrpou;ecH11x cpyttKI.J,Mja y pyKaMa jep;Hor
cy6jeKTa. IIpaKT.11'-IHa peanv13au;11ja OBOr Ha'leJia cBop;11 ce Ha jaCHo ycrro­
craBJbeHy p;eo6y .113Met)y OCHOBHMX Kpl1BJ1'-IHOIIpou;ecHJ1X cy6jeKaTa: cyp;
Bpum <pyttKu;11jy cyt)ea,a, OBJialliheH.11 TY)KJ1JiaQ <pyttKQMjy Kpl1BJ1'IHOr
fOH,eH,a (orrTy)K6e), a OKpJ1BJI>eHJ1 <pyHKl.l;Mjy op;6paHe. l13Met)y H,J1XOBJ1X
q>)'HKIJ;Mja H.11:je Moryhe rrpeKJiaIIalbe, HJ1TJ1 je 3aMJ1CJI.11BO p;a HeKO op; oc­
HOBHJ1X Kpt1BJ1"'IHOIIpon;ecHJ1X cy6jeKaTa, rropep; CBoje <pyttKn;Mje, MO)Ke
p;a o6aBJba J1 HeKy p;pyry. 46 3tta'-Iaj oBor Ha'-!eJia MaHM<pecTyje ce y jaqatt,y
npaBHe rnrypttocTJ1 rpat)aHa jep o6e36et)yje 06jeKTJ1BHO 11 Herrp11cTpaCHo
nocTyrratt,e KpJ1BJ1qHorrpoQecHJ1X cy6jeKaTa.
J1rraK, op;pet)eHa op;cTyrraH>a op; OBor Haqena rrocToje an.11 ce op;Ho­
ce Ha <pyHKQJ1je crropep;HMX rrpoQeCHJ1X cy6jeKaTa, O,ll;HOCHO OllITeheHor,
ouITehettor Kao TY)KMOQa (cyrrcJ1p;J1japttor TY)KJ10n;a) J1 rrp.11:BaTHor Ty­
)l(J10U;a. 0BJ1 cy6jeKTJ1 ce y Kpl1B.11�IHOM IIOCTYIIKY Mory rrojaB.11TJ1 ca BJ1-
llle3Ha'IHJ1M ynoraMa (<pyttKn;11jaMa). TaKo, OllITeheH.11 ce y KpJ1BJ1qHoM
nocryrrKy, no rrpaBHJIY, rrojaBJI>yje Kao HOCJ1Jian; HMOBJ1HCKOIIpaBHOr 3aX­
resa w HCIIMTyje ce y rnojcrny rnep;oKa. Ho, y cnyqajy p;a jaBHH TY)KMJian;
HaK OH rrornpt)ette orrTy)KttJ1n;e op;ycrnHe op; orrTy)K6e, OIIITehem1 rrpey-
3MMa ynory CTpaHKe (cyrrrnp;HjapHor TY)KHOQa), C THM p;a TO He YTJ1qe Ha
MoryhHOCT p;a 6yp;e J1CIIHTaH y CBOjcrny CBep;oKa 11 p;a rrop;Hece .11MOBJ1H­
CKOIIpaBHJ1 3axTeB. l1p;eHTJ1'lHO peIIIeH>e MO)Ke ce np11MeHJ1TJ1 y cnyqajy
Kap;a ce ouueheH11 nojaBJI>yje y rnojcrny rrpirnaTHor TY)KHOQa.
Y Teopwj11 IlOCTOjl1 CXBaTaH,e p;a Ill1Tafbe Ha'leJia op;eJI>eHOCTJ1 Kp11BJ1'-I­
HOnpou,ecHJ1X <pyHKQMja Tpe6a IIOCMaTpaTJ1 Op;BojeHO op; 6poja cy6jeKa­
ra Koj11 Bpllie J1CTY <pyttKu;11jy, a '-Il1H>eH11u;a p;a ce y CBOjcTBy J13Bplli110Qa
45 ,[(11M11rp11jesMh, Jl (1981). Opus citatum, cTp. 81.
46 O11cycTBO 0B0r Ha'lena je Y0<i7bl1B0 y 11HKBl1311T0pCK0M nocTym<y (IT03HaTa je MaKCMMa
Kaouja me mymu, Kaouja mu cyou), J:I0K aKy3aTopcKM M caspeMeHM nocrynaK KapaKTep111ue
nornytto nowT0Balhe Ha'!ena 011elbeH0CTJ,! 0CH0BHl1X KpMBM'IH0ilp0l.\eCHMX <pyttKl.\11ja.
 Kp11BJ1'IHOIIpo�eCHJ1 cy6jeKTJ1 43

ButuU cyo y opyzoM cmene1-1.y Op;Jiyqyje O )KaJI6aMa Ha Op;JiyKe OCHOBHJ1X

cyp;oBa:
1) o MepaMa 3a o6e36eteH>e rrp11cycrna oKpl1BJbeHor;
2) 3a Kp11Bwrna p;eJia 3a Koja je rrporr11caHa HOB'·IaHa Ka3Ha 11 Ka3Ha 3a-
raopa p;o 5 rop;11Ha.
Anenau,uoHu cyooBu cy crnapHo Hap;Jie)KHJ1 p;a:
1) op;rryqyjy o )KaJI6aMa Ha op;JiyKe BJ1III11x cyp;oBa;
2) op;nyqyjy O )KaJI6aMa Ha O,D;Jiy-Ke OCHOBHJ1X cyp;oBa, aKO 3a OAJIY"lfl1-
BaH>e o )KaJI611 H11je Hap;Jie)KaH BJ1IIIJ1 cyp;;
3) op;rryqyjy o cyKo6y Hap;Jie)KHOCTJ1 HJ1)KJ1X cyp;oBa ca cBor nop;pyqja,
aKo 3a op;rryq11BaH>e H11je Hap;Jie)KaH BJ1IIIJ1 cyp;;
4) op;rryqyjy o npeHOIIIeH>y Hap;Jie)KHOCTJ1 OCHOBHJ1X 11 BJ1llll1X cyp;oBa
Kap;a cy cnpe"lfeH11 11JI11 He Mory p;a rrocTynajy y HeKoj rrpaBHoj crnap11 11
sprue p;pyre IlOCJIOBe op;peQeHe 3aKOHOM.
Arrerra1rvr0Hv1 cyp;0Bv1 op;p)KaBajy 3ajep;Hl1"l£Ke cep;Hm�e v1 o6aBeIIITaBajy
BpxoBHM Kacau;110H11 cyp; o crropH11M n11TaH>11Ma o,n; 3Ha"lfaja 3a q>yttKQMO­
m1calbe cyp;oBa y Perry6JI11u;11 Cp611j11 11 yjep;Ha"lfaBaH>e cyp;cKe rrpaKce.
Bpxoa1-1.u Kacau,uoHu cyo je crnapHo Hap;Jie)KaH p;a:
1) O,D;Jiyqyje O BaHpep;HJ1M rrpaBHJ1M cpe,n;CTBJ1Ma J13jaBJbeHl1M Ha O,D;JIYI<e
cyp;oBa y Perry6JI11u;11 Cp611j11 v1 y p;pyrnM crnapv1Ma o,n;peQeH11M 3aKOHOM;
2) op;rryqyje o cyKo6y Hap;Jie)KHOCTl1 l13MeQy cy,n;oBa, aKo 3a op;Jiy"lf11-
BaH>e ttv1je Hap;Jie)KaH ,n;pyr11 cyp;;
3) op;rryqyje o rrpeHoIIIeH>y Hap;Jie)KHOCTJ1 cyp;oBa pa,D;l1 JiaKIIIer BOQeH>a
nocryrrKa MJIM p;pyrJ1X Ba)KHJ1X pa3Jiora.
Ilopep; Tora, BpXOBHJ1 KaCaQJ10HJ1 cyp; o6e36eQyje jep;l1HCTBeHy cyp;CKy
rrpttMeHy npaBa l1 jep;HaKOCT CTpaHaKa y cyp;cKJ1M IIOCTYITQJ1Ma, pa3MaTpa
npttMetty 3aKoHa M p;pyr11x rrporr11ca, Kao 11 pap; cyp;oBa, 11MeHyje cyp;11je
YcraBHOf cyp;a J1 Bpllll1 p;pyre Hap;Jie)KHOCTJ1 op;peQeHe 3aKOHOM.
TI:iuaH>e CTBapHe Hap;Jie)KHOCTJ1 je BeOMa Ba)KHO y Kpl1BJ1"lfHOM IlOCTyn­
KY l1 0 lbeMy Mopa BO,D;l1TJ1 paqyHa cy,n; y TOKy u;eJior Kpl1BJ1"lfHOf IIOCTYIIKa,
C THM p;a J1 CTpaHKe Mory J1CTJ11.l;aTJ1 np11roBop CTBapHe HeHap;Jie)KHOCTJ1.
YKOJU1Ko cyp; yrnpp;v1 p;a H11je crnapHo Ha,n;Jie)KaH, p;y)KaH je p;a ce ornacv1
HeHap;Jie)KHJ1M 11 YITY™ rrpe,n;MeT Ha,n;Jie)KHOM cy,n;y, y3 o6aBe3y ,n;a rrpep;y3-
Me pap;lbe y IIOCTYIIKY 3a Koje IIOCTOjl1 onaCHOCT op; op;JiaraH>a. AKO ce rraK
y roKy maBHor rrpeTpeca yrnpp;11 p;a je 3a cy�eH>e Hap;Jie)KaH HJ1)KJ1 cy,n;,
npep;MeT ce Hehe ynyT11T11 crnapHo Hap;Jie)KHOM HJ1)KeM cyp;y, Ben he He­
Hap;Jie)KaH, BJ1IIIJ1 cy,n; crrpoBeCTJ1 noCTynaK 11 ,D;OHeTJ1 OAJIYKY ( "lJJI. 34, CT.
48 AneKcaHAap 601.UKOBMn, Talba Kernh: KpuBU'-tHO npou,ectto npaeo
crrpeqeHOCTM Hagne)I<HOr cyga ga rrocTyrra MJIM M3 pa3nora u;enttcxogHo­
CTM. Y rnTyau,ttjH y Kojoj je MeCHo Hagne)KaH cyg crrpe<ieH ga rrocTyrra,
IllTO MO)Ke 6MTM J13 rrpaBHMX J.17IJ1 CTBapHHX pa3JIOra, 76 JJ,y)KaH je ga O TOMe
o6aBeCTM HerrocpegHO BJlllllJll cyg, KOjJ.1 he ogpegHTJll JJ.pyrJ.1 CTBapHO Ha)J,­
Jie)KaH cyg ca cBor nogpyqja. TaKot)e, BpxoBHH Kacan;HOHH cyg MO)Ke 3a
aot)eH>e Kpl1BJ.1<iHOf IIOCTyrrKa ogpegMTJ.1 gpyrH CTBapHo HagJie)KaH cyg,
aKo je oqttrnegHo JJ,a he ce TaKo naKille crrpoaecTH rrocTyrraK HJIH aKo rro­
CToje gpyrH Ba)KHJ.1 pa3JI03M.77
Oopef)eHa Haone:>1CHocm je BJ.1)1, BaHpegtte MeCHe Hagne)KHOCTH Koja ce
rrpHMeH>yje Kaga ce rrpeMa ogpeg6aMa 3KII MecHa HagJie)KHOCT He MO)Ke
ogpe)J,J.1TJ.1 KOpMillhel-beM HeKor O)J, IIOMeHyTHX KpHTepMjyMa. IlpMMeHa
OBOr Kpli'.!TepttjyMa je M3y3eTHO peTKa, anli'.! MO)Ke gohM )J,O H3pa)Kaja Ha
rrpttMep y rnyqajeBMMa eKcTpaJJ,J.11�Mje JIMn;a Koje je KpHBJll<iHO geno J.13Bp­
IllJ.1JIO y J.1HOCTpaHcTBy, y li'.!HOCTpaHCTBY je pot)eHO Jll TaMO J1Ma npe6J.1Ba­
JIMlllTe J.1JIJ.1 6opaBJ11IllTe M yxamnetto je Ha TepttTOpHjJ.1 cTpatte gp)KaBe. Y
oaoj CJ.1Tyau,J11jJ.1, BpxoBHJ.1 Kacau;J110HJ.1 cyg 6J11 ogpegJ.10 jegaH og crnapHo
HagJie)KHJ.1X cygoBa rrpeg KOjHM 6J11 ce cnpoBeo nocTynaK (qn. 29 3KII).

4.3. <DyttKI.l,HOHaJIHa Ha)J,Jie)KHOCT KpHBMqHor cyga

<DyHKD;MOHaJIHa HagJie)KHQCT KpHBMqHor cyga O)J,HOCJ1 ce Ha 3aKOHCKJ1
ypet)eHy nogeny IlOCJIOBa y OKBJ11PY CTBapHO J1 MeCHO HagJie)KHOr cyga y
TOKY jeJJ,HOr Kp11a11qHor nocTyrrKa. lhoMe ce peryn11Ille m,natt,e KO 1,1 y
KojeM caCTaBy y CTBapHo J1 MeCHO HagJie)KHOM KpHBMqHOM cygy rrpeJJ,y3M­
Ma ogpet)eHe pagH>e y KpHBMqHQM noCTyrrKy. TaKO Ha npHMep, <pyttKD;J.10-
HaJIHa HagJie)KHOCT 3a O)J,7I)7'IMBaH>e O npttMeHM npHTBopa jecTe Ha cyg1,1j11
3a npeTXOJJ.HH nocTyrraK, a npttnpeMHO poqMlllTe ogpet)yje rrpegcegHMK
aeha J.1 CJI. ,Il;eTaJbaH npHKa3 cpyHKD;J.10HaJIHe Ha)J,Jie)KHOCTM 6tthe gaT Y3
npegCTaBJbaH>e noje)J,MHHX KpJ.1BM'-IHOilpou;eCHHX MHCTMTyTa Ha O)J,fOBa­
pajyh11M MeCTJ.1Ma y Y1,16eHMKy.

76 ITpaBH)ll pa3n03"1 3a npettoUJeH,e MeCHe HaAne>KHOCT1'1 OAHOCe ce Ha nocTojatt,e 33KOHCKKX

npenpeKa 3a BofJeH>e nocTynKa y jeAHOM cy11,y, Kao UJTO je ttnp. nocTojatt,e pa3nora 3a o6aBe3HO
113y3ene KOA CBHX cy11,Hja OApel)ettor cy11,a. CTBapttH pa3n031'1 3a npettoUJeH>e Mectte ttaAne>KHOCTH
jecy qiaKT"1'-!Ke, o6jeKT1'1BHe OKOnHOCTJ,! Koje OHeMoryhaBajy BOl)eH>e KpMB1'1'-IHOf nocTynKa y
oApel)ettoM cy11,y, Kao ttrrp. HerrocTojaJ-be TeXHM'IKHX ycnoBa 3a sol)ett,e 011,pel)ette spcTe nocTynKa
(tte,l\OCTaje B1'111,eO-nHHK, He/1,0BOJbaH Kanal.\HTeT CYAH"11.\e, npHp011,He KaTacTpoqie )ll en.).
77 TTpettoweJ-be Mectte tta11,ne>KHOCTM 36or naKwer sol)eu,a KpMBM'IHOr nocTynKa Moryhe
je ttaj'lewne 1'13 pa3nora eKOHOMI,1'-IHOCTM (ttnp. KaAa je naKUJe crrposecTM nocTynaK y MecTy
npe61,1san1,1wrn OKpHBJbeHor, Hero y MecTy t,13BpUJett,a KpJIIBJll'IHOr Aena jep np11Kynlbett11 AOKa31'1
rpaBMTHpajy Ka MeCTY npe6Jl[llan1'1IIJTa). ITpeHOIIJeJ-be MeCHe tta11,ne>KHOCTJ,1 1'13 11,pymx Ba>KHJIIX
pa3nora 061'1'-IHO ce KOpMcn1 KaAa ce nojaBK cyMtba y 1-1enpHcTpacttocT cy11,1,1ja 011,pel)ettor cy11,a,
1'1Majytrn Ha YMY tb1'1XOB OAHOC ca OKp1'1B/beHl1M, OWTeneHHM )ll/J],1 ApyrHM y'leCHHl.(HMa y KpHBl1'-IHOM
nocTynKy (1-1np. yKon1,1Ko je Mectto tta11,ne>KaH cy11, 3a cyl)etbe nJ111.\Y Koje je y TOM cyµ.y 3anocnetto).
 Kp11BJ1'-IHOrrpo�ectt11 cy6jeKT11 49

5. Jfay3elie cyµ;nja
vfay3ehe cyp;11je 11 cyp;11je-nopoTHJ1Ka je J1HCTJ1TYT KpJ1BJ11rnor npo�ec­
Hor npaBa KOjJ1 ,D;OBO,D;M p;o HeMorynHOCTJ1 BpllleH:,a cyp;J1jCKe cpyH�J1je y
jeAHOj op;pe9eHoj Kp11BJ11rnoj crnapJ1. J13y3ehe ce cacTOj11 y op;cTpaH>J1-
BaH>y cyp;J1je J13 nocTynKa 36or cyM:tt:,e y H>eroBy HenpJ1CTpacHOCT Kojy
l13a311Ba rrocTOjaH>e op;pe9eHe Be3e J13Me9y fuera J1 npep;MeTa cy9eH>a mn1
rrojeAJ1HJ1X yqecHJ1Ka y noCTyrrKy. 78 I1ocTOjJ1 o6aBe3HO J1 cpaKyJITaTJ1BHO
H3y3ehe. 06aBe3HO U3Y3elie J1JIJ1 J1CKJbyqeH>e cyp;J1je J1 cyp;J1je-nopoTHJ1Ka
IIOApa3yMeBa IIOCTOjaH>e TaKBJ1X pa3JIOra 3a J13y3ehe KOjM cyp;J1jy '-IJ1He
arrcoJiyTHo Henop;o6H11M 3a Bplllefue cyp;vrjCKe cpyHKQMje y KOHKpeTHOj
KpHBH tIHoj crnapJ1. Ty cnap;ajy crrep;eh11 crryqajeBJ1:
1) aKO je OlllTeneH KpJ1BJ1'-IHJ1M p;eJIOM;
2) aKo MY je OKpMBJbeHM, fueroB 6paHMJiaQ, TY)KJ1Jia�, OlllTeneHJ1, H,J1-
XOB 3aKOHCKJ1 3aCTyrrHl1K J1JIJ1 nyHOMOilHvlK 6pa'-1HJ1 p;pyr J1JI.li[ Jlvl�e ca
KOjl1M )KJ1BJ1 y BaH6pa'-1HOj J1Jlv1 p;pyroj TpajHoj 3ajep;Hv1QJ1 )KJilBOTa v1JIJ1
cpOAHl1K ITO KpB11 y npaBoj Jlv1HJ1jl1 p;o 6J1JIO Kojer CTeneHa, y no60'-IHOj
mrnHj11 p;o tJ:eTBpTOr creneHa, a no Ta36v1HJ1 p;o p;pyror CTeneHa;
3) aKO je ca OKp.lilBJbeHJ1M, H>eroBJ1M 6paHJ10QeM, TY)KJ10QeM v1Jlv1
omreheHJ1M y op;Hocy cTapaTeJba, lllTv1heHJ1Ka, yCBoj11TeJba, yrnojeHvrKa,
xpatt11rerr,a J1JIJ1 xpaH>eHJ1Ka;
4) aKo je y 11cToM npep;MeTy noCTyrrao Kao cyp;11ja 3a npeTxop;H11 no­
crynaK J1JIJ1 je op;rryqvrBao o nornp9v1BaH>y onTy)KHJ1�e J1JIJ1 je Yl'..J:eCTBOBao
y AOHOIIIelby MepHTOpHe op;rryKe O OIITy)K6J1 KOja ce no6J1ja )KaJI60M J1JIJ1
BaHpep;HJ1M rrpaBHJ1M JieKOM J1JIJ1 je Yl'..J:eCTBOBao y TIOCTYITKY Kao TY)KJ1-
nau;, 6paHJ1JiaQ, 3aKOHCKJ1 3aCTYIIHJ1K J1JIJ1 nyHOMOilHJ1K OlllTefleHOr, 0,11;­
HOCHO TY)KJ10Qa, J1JIJ1 je 11crn1TaH Kao cBep;oK 11rrv1 Kao BenITaK, aKo 3KI1
He rrpon11cyje p;pyratJ:Hje ( '-IJI. 37, CT. 1, T. 1-4 3KI1).
<Pa1<ynmamuBHO u3y3e/ie cyp;J1je J1 cyp;v1je-nopoTHJ1Ka nocTojvr aKo y
OApel)eHOM rrpep;MeTy IlOCTOje OKOJIHOCTJ1 KOje l13a3vrBajy cyMH>Y y H>ero­
ey Henp11crpaCHOCT (tJ:ll. 37, CT. 2 3KI1). 3a pa3JIJ1KY op; npeTXO,Il;HOr rny-
11aja, 3aKoHop;aBaQ oBp;e HJ1je KOHKpeTJ130Bao pa3nore 3a 113y3ene, Ben je
TO <paKTJ1tJ:KO IIJ1TaH>e. Haj'-lelllflJ1 pa3TI03J1 3a cpaKyTITaTJ1BHO l13y3ehe KOjJ1
ce cpehy y rrpaKcJ1 jecy: HarnallleH cTeneH np11jaTeJbCTBa, op;HOCJ1 3aBJ1c­
aocm, :i.rnpa)KeH aHJ1M03J1TeT J13Me9y cyp;Mje 11 cyp;J1je-nopoTHJ1Ka M p;py­
rHX rrpou;eCHJ1X cy6jeKaTa y op;pe9eHOM Kp11BJ1tJ:HOM nocTyrrKy J1 CJIJ1'-IHO.
vfay3ehe cyp;J1je J1 cyp;J1je-nopoTHJ1Ka MO)Ke p;ohJ1 Ha 3axTeB cyp;J1je J1JIJ1
C}'AHje-nopoTH11Ka '-IHM ca3Ha p;a noCTojJ1 HeKJ1 op; pa3rrora 3a o6aBe3HO
H3Y3ehe. Tap;a je p;y)KaH p;a npeK11He CBaKJ1 pap; Ha TOM npep;MeTy J1 p;a o
78 fpy6a'!, M. (2006). Opus citaturn, cTp. 110.
50 AneKcaH.n;ap EoII1KOBI1n, Tal-ba Kernn: KpuBut-t1-to npou,erno npaBo
TOMe o6aBeCTl1 npep;cep;Hl1Ka cyp;a, KOjl1 he ra perneH,eM l13Y3eTl1 l1 op;pe­
p;l1Tl1 p;a ce npep;MeT p;op;eJIH p;pyroM cyp;Hjl1 no pep;ocnep;y. J1p;eHTJ1qHo
he nocTyrrl1Tl1 cyp;Hja l1Jil1 cyp;Hja-nopoTHHK Kap;a ca3Ha p;a nocTojH HeKI1
pa3JIOr 3a cpaKyJITaTl1BHO l13Y3ehe, C TI1M IllTO je y OBOM cnyqajy y Moryh­
HOCTl1 p;a npep;y3l1Ma pap;lbe 3a Koje nocTojH onacHOCT op; op;naraH,a p;o
p;oHorneH,a op;nyKe npep;cep;HI1Ka cyp;a o I13Y3ehy.
3axTeB 3a J13y3ehe cyp;Hje l1 cy,n;Hje-nopoTHHKa Mory nop;HeTH cTpaHKe
l1 6paHHJiau; p;o noqeTKa rrraBHOr npeTpeca, a aKo cy 3a pa3nor 3a J13y3ene
ca3HaJil1 KaCHHje, 3axTeB nop;Hoce op;Max no ca3Halby. CTpaHKe l1 6paHl1-
nau; Mory TPa)Kl1Tl1 l13y3ehe caMo noJ1MeHJ1qHo op;pel)eHor cyp;Hje I1Jil1 cy­
p;Hje-nopoTHHKa Kojl1 y npep;MeTy nocTyrra. 0 3axTeBy 3a H3y3ehe op;ny­
qyje rrpep;cep;Hl1K cyp;a. AKo ce Tpa)Kt1 t13y3ehe caMo npep;cep;Ht1Ka cyp;a
t1JIJ1 npep;cep;Ht1Ka cyp;a l1 cyp;t1je lilJil1 cyp;t1je- nopoTHt1Ka, op;JIYKY p;oHorn
npep;cep;Hl1K Herrocpep;Ho Bt1rner cyp;a, a aKo ce Tpa)Kt1 t13y3ehe npep;cep;Hl1-
Ka BpxoBHor Kacau;t10Hor cyp;a, op;JIYKY p;0Hoct1 OrrrnTa cep;Ht1u;a Tor cyp;a.
Op;pep;6e o J13y3eny cyp;t1ja l1 cyp;t1ja-nopoTHt1Ka cxop;Ho ce npt1MeH,yjy
t1 Ha u3y3ene p;pymx npou;ecHMX cy6jeKaTa. 3KI1 npep;Bt11)a p;a o u3y3ehy
jaBHOr TY)K:t1ou;a op;nyqyje Herrocpep;Ho Bl1Illl1 jaBHl1 TY)KMJiau;. YKOJIMKO
ce IlOCTaBM nMTaH,e l13y3eha JIHD;a Koja cy Ha 0CH0BY 3aKOHa OBJiarnheHa
p;a 3aMeH,yjy jaBHOr TY)K:t1ou;a, o T0Me he op;nJKy p;oHeTM jaBHl1 TY)KJ1Jiau;.
Op;nJKy o H3y3ehy peny6nJ1qKor jaBHor TY)Kt1ou;a p;oHorn ,Up)KaBHO Bene
Ty)K:vrnau;a y3 np:t16aBJheHo Ml1IllJbeH,e KonemjyMa Perry6nuqKor jaBHOr
TY)Kt1JiaruTBa. J13y3ene 3anucmrqapa, rrpeBop;uou;a, TyMaqa, cTpyqHor
JIHu;a u BernTaKa, TaKol)e ce M0)Ke Tpa)Kl1Tl1 y Kp:t1BJ1qHoM nocTynKy, o
qeMy op;nJKy p;oHOCl1 jaBHM TY)KMJiau; HJIM cyp;, y 3aBMCHOCTM op; cpa3e
Kp:t1Bt1qHor nocTyrrKa. Kap;a OBJiarnheHa cny)K6eHa nHu;a nonHu;uje npe­
p;y3t1Majy p;oKa3He pap;lbe, 0 H,l1XOBOM l13y3ehy op;nyqyje jaBHl1 TY)KHJiau;,
a JKOJIHKO npHJIHK0M H,HX0BOr npep;y3HMaH,a yqecTByje 3anJ1cHJ1qap, o
H,eroB0M J13y3eny op;nyqyje OBJiarnheHo cJiy)K6eHo nHu;e nonHu;Hje Koje
npep;y3HMa pap;lhy (qn. 42 3KTI).

III OBJIAIIlnEHJ1 TY)KJ1JIAIJ;

Y KPJ1BJ1qHQM IIOCTYIIKY
IlojaM OBJiarnheHl1 TY)Kl1Jiau; o6yxBaTa 3aK0H0M op;pel)eHe H0CJ10u;e
onTy)K6e, op;HOCH0 npaBa Ha Kpl1BJ1qHo fOH,eH,e y Kpl1BJ1qHQM noCTyrrKy.
Y nHTaH,y je TeopHjcKH nojaM79 l1 Be3yje ce 3a TPH BpcTe TY)KHJiau;a -
jaBHl1 (p;p)KaBHl1) TY)Kl1Jiau;, OlllTeneHl1 Kao TY)KHJiau; (cyncl1p;l1japHI1

79 3KII KOpv!CT],[ TepM],[H ,.Ty)l(],[na1.(, TIO/I KOj],[M no11pa3YMeBa jaBHOf TY)l(],[Ql\a, np],[BaTHOr
TY)l(],[OJ.\a ],[ Olll'reheHor Kao TY)l(],[01.\a (•-m. 2, CT. 1, T. 5).
 KpI1BJ1'!Horrpo�ecHJ1 cy6jeKTJ1 51

HJIM cyKQeCHBHJ1 TY)KJ1JiaQ) J1 rrp11BaTHJ1 TY)KJ1JiaQ. lhMXOBO yqernhe

y Kpl1BJ1tJHOM IIOCTYIIKY 3aBJ1CJ1, rrpe CBera, op; rrpep;BHQeHor HatJJ1Ha
KpHBl1tJHOf fOH,eH,a op;peQeHJ1X Kpl1BHtJHJ1X p;eJia. J aBHJ.1 TY)KJ.1JiaQ je
HaAJie)KaH p;a KpMBJ1tJHO fOHH y Op;Hocy Ha KpMBHtJHa ,n;ena 3a Koja ce
roHH no cny)K6eHoj p;y)KHOCTJ1 J1 no rrpep;nory ornTeheHor, a rrpMBaTHJ.1
TY)KJ1JiaQ BpllIJ.1 <PYHKQJ.1jy OnTy)K6e y Op;Hocy Ha KpHBJftJHa p;eJia KOja
ce roHe no npHBaTHoj Ty)K6J.1. vfay3eTaK npep;CTaBJba MoryhHocT p;a ce
Kpl1BJ1tJHO fOH,eH,e no CJiy)K6eHoj p;y)KHOCTJ1 HaQe y pJKaMa OllITeheHor
Kao ry)KHOQa, aJIJ1 caMo YKOJIMKO jaBHJ1 TY)KJ1JiaQ op;ycrnHe op; orrTy)K6e.
y HacraBKY he 6J1TH peqJ1 0 OBJ1M cy6jeKTJ.1Ma J1 H,J1XOBOM npaBHOM
IlOJIO)Kajy y Kpl1BJ1tJHOM nocTynKy.

1. JaBHH TY)KHJian;

1. 1. IIojaM J.1 opraHJ13aQJ1ja jaBHOr TY)KJ1Jiarnrna

IlojaM, OCHJ1Ba:fue J1 opraHJ13aQJ1jy jaBttor TY)KJ1JiarnTBa op;peQyje YcTaB
Peny6nv1Ke Cp6Hje. JaBHO TY)KJ1JiarnTBo je caMOCTaJIHJ1 p;p)KaBHJ1 opraH
KOjl1 rOHl1 Y'!J1HJ10Qe KpJ1BJ1tJHHX J1 p;pyrnx Ka)KfhJ1BJ1X p;eJia J.1 npep;y3J1Ma
Mepe 3a 3allITJ1TY yCTaBHOCTH J1 3aKOHJ1TOCTJ1. JaBHO TY)KJ1JiallITBO BpllIM
CBojy <pyttKQJ1jy Ha OCHOBY YcTaBa, 3aKOHa, IIOTBpQeHor MeQyttapop;HOr
yroBopa J1 nporrJ1ca p;oHeTor Ha ocHoBy 3aKoHa (tIJI. 156 YcrnBa PC).
OcttuBaH,e, opraHJ13aQJ1ja J1 Hap;ne)KHOCT jaBHor TY)KJ1Jia1IITBa ypeQyje ce
JaKOHOM (tIJI. 157, CT. 1 YcTaBa PC). Mp;eHTJ1tJHY op;pep;6y KojoM ce p;ecp11-
HJ1llle jaBHO TY)KJ1JiallITBO J1 op;peQyje HatJJ1H Bplliefua H>eroBe <PYHKQJ1je
npeABHQa 3aKOH o jaBHOM TY)KJ1JiarnTBy (3JT), KOjM y3 TO peryrrMrne J1
opraHH3aQMjy, yttyTparnfue ypeQefue, yrnoBe J1 rroCTynaK H36opa jaBHor
ry)l(J10Qa J1 3aMeHJ1Ka jaBHor TY)KHOQa, Hap;Jie)KHOCT J1 p;pyra nMTaH>a op;
3Ha1-raja 3a pap; jaBHJ1X TY)KJ1JiallITaBa. 80
3a'-IeTaK ycTaHOBe jaBHOr (p;p)KaBHor) TY)KJ1JiarnTBa Be3yje ce 3a ¢paH­
'-IYCKO rrpaBo Kap;a y3 rrpMBaTHor TY)KMOQa y KpJ1BJ1tJHOM nocTyrrKyyqernhe
Y3l1Ma Ji1 noce6aH tJJ1HOBHJ1K Kora je nocTaBJbaO KpaJb, 0,ll;HOCHO jaBHJ1
KpalbeBCKJ1 TY)KJ1JiaQ (Procureur du Roi). OrnoBHa <PYHKQHja oBor cy6jeK­
ra 6una je cTapatt,e o ¢J1cKaJIHJ1M J1HTepecJ11Ma KpaJbeBCTBa y KpJ1BJ1tJHOM
rrocryrrKy, HanrraTa HOBqaHe Ka3He J1 op;y3MMafue J1MOBJ1He. KpajeM XVI
BeKa 0Bl1 CJiy)K6eHJ1QJ1 p;ofo1jajy <PYHKQJ1jy KpMBTIItJHOf fOH,eH,a TII Ha3J1B
(ministere public), a KOHaqHo yo6JIJ1tJeH,e jaBHor TY)KJ1Jiarnrna yqMH>eHo je
ca JaKOHHKOM Code d 'instruction criminelle J.13 1808. rop;J1He. 81
80 ,,C11y:11e6eHu macHuK PC', 6p. 116/2008, 104/2009, 101/2010, 78/2011 -�p. 3aKOH, 101/2011,
38/2012-oAnyKa YC, 121/2012, 101/2013, 111/2014- OAnYKa YC 11 117/2014.
81 HaKOH rrpo,ll;opa y <ppam,1ycKo rrpaBo, jaBHO TY>KJtna!llTBO je rrp11xaaheHo 11 y ApyrnM
esponcKl1M rrpaBttMa - y HeMa'IKOM, aycTp11jCKOM, l1Tan11jaHCKOM 11T,IJ;. Y cprrCKOM npaay,
11p)f(aBHO ry)1<11naUITBO je npB11 rryT npe,ll;BHl)eHO 3aKOHOM O Cy.IICKOM Kpl1Bl1'1HOM noCTynKy H3
52 AneKcaHp;ap EowKOBMh, Talba Kern:h: Kpuau"IHO npou,ecHo npaao

JaBHO TY)KJ1JialllTB0 Perry6rr11Ke Cp611je '-IJ1He Perry6n11'-IKO jaBHO Ty­

)KJ1JialllTB0, arrerrau;110Ha jaBHa TY)KJ1JialllTBa, BJ1llla jaBHa TY)KHJiarnTBa 11
0CH0BHa jaBHa Ty)K:t1JialllTBa. IToCToje 11 jaaHa TY)KJ1JlalllTBa rroce6He Hap;­
Jie)KH0CTJ1, TO jecT Ty)KJ1JialllTBO 3a opraHJ130BaH11 KpJ1MJ1Han 11 TY)KJ1Jia�
3a paTHe 3Jl0'-IJ1He. 82 Perry6nw-IKO jaBHO TY)KJ1JialllTB0 l1 jaBHa TY)KJ1JialllTBa
rroce6He Hap;ne)KH0CTJ1 :t1Majy cep;11IJ1Te y Eeorpap;y, a ocH:t1Bajy ce 3a TepJ1-
rnp11jy Perry6n11Ke Cp611je. Arrenau;110Ha jaaHa TY)KJ1JiaIJ1TBa ocHJ1Bajy ce
3a rrop;pyqje arrenau;110Hor cyp;a, a BJ1IJ1a jaaHa TY)KJ1JiaIJ1TBa 3a rrop;pyqje
BJ1IJ1er cyp;a. OcHOBHa jaaHa TY)KJ1JiaIJ1TBa ocHHBajy ce 3a rrop;pyqje jep;Hor
J1Jll1 BJ11Jle OCHOBHl1X cyp;oBa.
JaBHO TY)KJ1JialllTB0 M0)Ke l1MaTJ1 op;eJbeH>a BaH CBOf cep;:t11llTa, Kao l1 rro­
ce6Ha op;elbelba Koja ce 06pa3yjy 3a roH>eH>e op;pe1)eHHX Kp11BJ1'-IHJ1X p;ena,
y CKJiap;y ca 3aKOH0M (Hrrp. BJ1COKOTeXHOJIOll1KJ1 Kpl1Ml1Han). Ty)K_J1JialllTBO
3a opraHJ130BaHJ1 Kpl1MJ1Ha1I MO)Ke J1MaTJ1 op;eJbeH>a BaH CB0f cep;HlllTa.
YHyTpalllH>Y opraHJ13au;11jy jaBHor TY)K:t1Jiarnrna '-l:t1He jaBHH TY)KHJiau;,
3aMeHl1l.l;l1 jaBHOf Ty)KJ1ou;a J1 oco6Jbe jaBHOf TY)KJ1JialllTBa. ct>yHKLI;:t1jy
jaBHOf T�:t1Jia1llTBa Bpll1:t1 jaBHJ1 TY)KJ1Jiau;, KOjl1 ce 6.1t1pa J13 pep;a jaBHl1X
TY)Kl1Jiau;a l1 3aMeHJ1Ka jaBHJ1X TY)KJtlJiau;a, op;HOCH0 Me1)y JIJ1l.l;J1Ma Koja J1C­
rrytt,aaajy ycnoBe rrporr11caHe 3a :t136op. JaBHor TY)KJ1ou;a, Ha rrpep;nor Bnap;e,
611pa Hapop;Ha cKyrrlllTJ1Ha Ha rrep11op; op; 6 rop;J1Ha, Y3 MorynHOCT II0HOB­
HOf :t136opa ('-111. 55, CT. 1 3JT). 3aMeH.1t1Ka jaBHor Ty)lmou;a 611pa Hapop;Ha
CKyrrrnT:t1Ha Ha npep;nor ,[(p)KaBHOr Bena TY)KHJiau;a,83 Ha 3 rop;11He Kap;a ce
rrpBH rryT 611pa ('-In. 75, cT. 1 3JT). ,[(p)KaBHO Bene TY)K:t1Jiau;a fo.1pa 3aMeHHKe
jaaHor TY)KJ1ou;a 3a TpajHo o6aBJbaH>e <pyttKLI;11je (•rn. 75, CT. 3 3JT).
YcnoBH 3a 1136op jaBH0r Ty)K11ou;a 11 3aMeHJ1Ka jaBHor TY)KJ1ou;a, Kao 11
nocTyrraK J136opa, ype1)em1 cy 3aKOHOM O jaBH0M TY)KJ1JiarnTBy. 3a jaBHOf
TY)KJ1ou;a 11 3aMeHJ1Ka jaBHOr TY)KJ10u;a MO)Ke 6:t1T:t1 .1t13a6paHo n11u;e Koje
.1t1crry1naBa cnep;ene orrlllTe ycnoBe: p;a je p;p)KaBJbaH:t1H PC, Koj11 11crryH>aBa
1929. rO,!IMHe, TIO y3opy Ha OH,llaWH>e aycTpwjCKO 3aKOHO,llaBCTBO. BMwe O 11CTOpwjCKOM pa3BOjy
MHCT11TyTa jaBHor TylK1,rnawTBa: )KwBaHOBMn, T. (1940). Opus citatum, CTp. 139; MapKoBwn, 6.
(1926). Yl;l6eHUK cyiJcKOZ KpUBU'tH0Z nocmynKa c o63upoM Ha npojeKam KpUBU'tH0Z nocmynKa Ja
Kpalbeew-1y CXC, illTaMTiapwja ,,Y je,11 J.1H>e1be", Beorpa,11, CTp. 21.
82 JaBHW TYlKMllal.\ je peny611114Kl1 jaBHl1 TYlKl1Jla l.\, ane11al.\J.10HM jaBHM TYlKJ.1T1al.\, BJ.1w11 jaBH»
TYlKJ.11131.\, OCHOBHJ.1 jaBHW TY)K11llal.\, jaBHl1 TYll<l1Jlal.\ Tioce6He Ha,1111el1<HOCTJ.1, 3aMeHl11.\11 jaBHl1X
Tyll<11J1al.\a 11 IIJ.11.\a Koja cy 3aKOHOM osnawnetta A3 11x 3aMetbyjy (4ll. 2, cT. 1, T. 6 3KTI).
83 ,[(pll<aBHO Bene TY)KJ.'lllal.\a je CaMOCTallHl1 opraH KOjM o6e36el) yje J.1 rapattTyje C3MOCTallHOCT
jaBHJ.'IX Tyll<11J1al.\a M 3aMeH11K3 jaBHJ.'IX TJ)l(11llal.\3 y CKJ1a,11y ca YcrasoM (4.11. 164, CT. 1 Yc,-aaa PC).
,[(pll<aBHO Bene TJ)KJ.1J1a1.1a J.'IMa 11 4Jl3HOB3, OA KOjJ.'IX cy TPl1 4./13Ha TIO 00/lOll<ajy (peny611J,14.KJ,f
jaBH» TYll<J.1/lal.\, MHH»CTap H3AJ1ell<aH 33 npaBocyl)e M npe,11ce,11H11K Ha ,1111ell<HOr o,11 6opa Hapo,11tte
cKynwT11He), a ocaM 4./lattoaa ce 611pa OA cTp3He Hapo,11He cKynWTJ.'IHe (wecr jaBHHX TY)KJ.11131.\a J.1/IJ.1
33MeH11K3 j3BHl1XTJ)KJ.'lllal.\3 ca CTa/lHOM <pyttKI.\WjOM 11,!IBa yr11e,11 tta 11 J,!CTaKHYTa npaBH11K3 ca HajMaibe
15 f0,!111H3 J.'ICKYCTBa y CTPYJ.\M, OA KOjHX je je,!13H a,!IBOK3T, 3 ApyrM rrpo<j>ecop npaBHOr <j>aKynTeTa,
Koj11 ce 6J.1pajy Ha 5 ro,11HHa). Y H3AJ1ell<HOCT .[(pll<aBttor Bena TY)KJ.11131.\a cna,11a: npe1-111ara1be HapoJ:IHOj
CKYTIWTJ.'IHJ.1 KaHJ:111J:laTa 3a npB11 11360p 33 3aMeHJ.1Ka jaBHOf TY)KJ.101.\a, 1136op 3aMeHJ.1Ka jaBHHX
TJ)l(J.1lla l.\a 3a Tpajtto o6aB/batbe <pyttKJ.\11je, OA11J411B3H>e y nocTynKy npecTaHKa cpyttK I.\J.1je 3aMeHJ.1Ka
jaBHOr TYll<l101.\ 3 M o6aB/batbe ,11pyrMx noc110Ba (•Ill. 164, CT. 2-5 H 411. 165 Yc,-aaa PC).
iecHo npaBo
'1U1'IKO jaBH0 Ty­
ra Ty)KvrnarnTBa l1
TBa rroce6He Ha,u,­
n,rnarr l1 Ty)Kvrnan;
LBHa TY)Kl1JialllTBa
Iurnajy ce 3a Tepv1-
UITBa OCHJ1Bajy ce
UITBa 3a no,u,pyqje
Ia nop;pyqje je,u,Hor
:ep;J1rnTa, Kao v1 na­
e Kpt1Bl1tIHl1X p;erra,
1arr). Ty )Kv1 rrarnrno
l CBOf ce,[J,l11llTa.
1e jaBHl1 Ty)Kv1Jia�,
IaUITBa. <l>yHI<n;11Jy
1pa t13 pep;a jaBHl1X
jy rrt1n;v1Ma Kaja 11c­
,, Ha rrpe,u,rror Brra,u,e,
MoryhHOCT IIOHOB­
l0D;a 6v1pa Hapo,u,Ha
m 3 ro,u,11He Ka,u,a ce
ian;a 6v1pa 3aMeHJ1Ke
;, CT. 3 3JT).
rI0r Ty)K11on;a, Kao l1
rnrrarnTBy. 3a jaBH0r
,rna6paHo rrm1;e Koje
PC, Kojv1 v1cnyH>aBa
�op11jcKOM pa11h, 3BO jy
I>.
rn, cTp. l39; MapK0B xa 3a
m KpuBUttflOZ nocmyn
jasHH
BHl1 TYll<l17lal.\, sii w11_JaBH l1.X
ll<HOCTl1, 3aMeH111.\H
CT. I, T. 6 3KTT). OCT
: l1 rapaHTyje caMOCTaJIHPC)
1 (,rn. 164, CT. l YCT aaa
no no11oll<ajy (perry6rmOAH 'IKl1
iaµ,nell<ttor oµ,6opa Hapa M/1!1e
(wecT jaBHl1X Ty)KJl!na� albe
aKHyTa npaBHHKa ca ttaJM eTa
ocpecop npaimor cpaKynT O)J.HOJ'.
cnaµ,a: npe)l.naralbe Ha�JaBH
l.\a, H360p 3aMeH_MKa eH11l1.X
,ecrnttKa cpyttKl.\l1Je 3aM Ka
5 Ycrnsa PC).
KpMBM'IHOnpou;ecm-i: cy6jeKTJ1 53
onrnTe ycrroBe 3a pap; y ,u,p)KaBHMM opraHJ1Ma, Koj11 je 3aBprn110 rrpaBHl1
<paKyrrTeT, II0JI0)KJ10 rrpaBocyp;Hl1 l1CIIJ1T M KOjl1 je ,[J,0CTOjaH p;y)KHOCTJ1
jaBHOr TY)KlilOn;a. Ilopep; 0IIIIlTlilX ycrroBa, JIJ1n;e Mopa MCIIYHlilTlil li1 rroce-
6aH YCJI0B KOjl1 ce Mam1<peCTyje y op;pel)eHOM pap;H0M lilCKYCTBY y rrpaBHOj
crpyn;M HaKOH II0JIO)KeHor rrpaBocyp;Hor MCillilTa.84
1.2. Haqena opraH113an;v1je jaBHor TY)KJ1JiaII1rna
OpraHli13an;:wja jaBHOT TY)KMJialllTBa 3aCHJ1Ba ce Ha op;pe.l)eHJ1M Ha1IeJIJ1Ma
Kaja rrpe,u,cTaBn,ajy 0K0CH11n;y H>MXOBor yttyTpalllH>er ypel)eH>a :w Mel)yco6-
HHX 0,[J,H0Ca. Ty cna,u,ajy: Ha'IeJI0 lilHOKOCH0r (MOHOKpaTCKOr) ypel)eH,a, Ha­
qerro xwjepapXJ1je, Ha'Ieno p;eBonyn;Mje (aBoKan;Mje) :w Hatieno cyrrcT:wTyn;Mje.
IIpw-1u,un u1--10Koc1--1ozypelje1-ba ornep;a ce y rrpaB:wrry ,qa <pyHKn;Mjy jaBHor
ry)K11JiarnTBa o6aBn,a jaBHM TY)KJ1Jian; (1IJI. 159, CT. 1 YCTaBa PC). 3aMe­
HHK jaBHor TY)Klilon;a 3aMeH>yje jaBHor TY)KJ1on;a rrpH BpllleH,y TY)KMJia'!Ke
<pyttKIJ;Mje M ,qy)KaH je ,u,a rrocTyrra 110 H,ef0BlilM yrryTCTBlilMa ('Ill. 159, CT.
4 YcraBa PC). ,UaKJie, BpllleH>e II0CJI0Ba M o,qnyqMBaH>e npHrra,qa MHOK0C­
HOM opraHy, a He K0JieKTMBHOM Teny K0je 6M y 36opHOM caCTaBY op;ny­
qJ1.BaJI0. IloMeHyTo Haqeno 3Ha'Ili1 l1 ,u,a jaBHl1 TY)KMJian; pyKoB0,D;lil pap;oM
jasHor TY)KMJialllTaBa M rrpep;cTaBn,a jaBHO TY)KMllalllTB0. JaBHM TY)KlilJian;,
Kao 11H0K0CHli1 opraH, op;roBapa 3a pa,q jaBHOr TY)KMJiarnrna M 3a CBoj pa,u,
peny6JIM\JKOM jaBHOM TY)KM0n;y M Hapo,qHOj CKyrrlllTMHM, a HJif)I(Jif jaBHM
ry)K11Jiau; op;rOBapa li1 Herrocpe,qH0 BMllleM jaBHOM TY)Klil0U:Y (tJJI. 160, CT.
2 YcraBa PCM '!JI. 22, CT. 3 3JT). 3aMeHliln;M jaBHor TY)KMon;a o,u,roBapajy
3a csoj pap; jaBHOM Ty)Ki:10n;y ('In. 160, CT. 3 YcTaBa PC li1 '!JI. 22, CT. 4 3JT).
Hattello xujepapxuje MaHM<pecTyje ce y rrocTOjaH>y op;Hoca Ha,qpel)eHo­
crn J1 no,u,pel)eHOCTM Ji13Mel)y jaBHlilX TY)KMJialllTBa. HalilMe, HJif)KJif jaBHJ1
ry)KHJian; rro,qpel)eH je BMrneM jaBHOM Ty)K11on;y, a HM)Ke jaBHO TY)KJ1-
/laIIITB0 Herrocpep;H0 BJ11lleM jaBHOM TY)KJ1JiaruTBy, 0)J;H0CHO, CBaKJ1 jaBHM
TY)KHJiau; no,u,pel)eH je perry6Jilil'IKOM jaBHOM TY)KJ10n;y, Kao illT0 je CBaKo
jasHo ry)KMJialllTB0 rro,qpel)eHo Peny6nM'IKOM jaBHOM TY)KJ1JiaII1rny (qn,
16, er. 1M33JT). Ilopep; T3B. eKcrepHe x11jepapXJ1je, y jaBHOM TY)KMJialllTBY
nocrojM M MHTepHa XMjepapXMja, Koja je li13pa)KeHa o,u,pe,u,6oM rrpeMa Kojoj
cy CBl1 y jaBHOM TY)KlilJiarurny no,qpel)eHM jaBHOM TY)Kv10n;y (qJI. 12, CT. 3
. 3JT). IIpaKTW'!Ha eMaHan;Mja oBor Ha'Iena Hapo'IMTO ,qona3M ,qo li13pa)Kaja
Kp03 o6aBe3Ha yrryTCTBa KOja Henocpep;H0 BMIIlM jaBHlil TY)KJ1Jian; li13,qaje
H1'1)1(J1M jaBHMM TY)Kli10D;J1Ma J17IJ1 perry6JIM'IKM jaBHM TY)KJ1Jian; CBJ1M ,u,py­
rHM jaBHl1M TY)Klil0D;lilMa.
84 3JT 011pel)yje .11a cy rroTpe6He 4 ro)];11He 3a OCHOBHOr jaBHor TY)l(l10l.\a, a 3 3a H>eroBor 3aMeH11Ka,
7 ro111rna 3a Bl1UJer jaBttor TY)l(l101.\a, a 6 3a H,eroBor 3aMeH11Ka, 10 rOl];MHa 3a aneJial\l10HOr 1,1 jaBHOr
T}'ll<llOJ.la noce6tte Ha)];ne,1rno cn1, a 8 ro1111tta 3a 3aMeH11Ka OBl1X jaBHMX -ry)l(ttJial\a 11 12 ro)];11Ha 3a
peny61111'1KOr jaBHOr TY)l(l,tOl.\a, a 11 fO)];HHa 3a H,efOBOf 3aMeHl1Ka (•rn. 77).
54 AneKcattp;ap EornKOB11h, Talba KeCJ1h: Kpuaui.i1-to npou,eCHo npaao

J,fa,n;aBalbe o6aBe3HMX ynyTcTaBa 3a nocTynalbe y noje,n;MHMM npe;n,Me­

TMMa Moryne je y crryqajeB11Ma Ka,n;a nocTOjM CJMlba y eqmKacHocT M 3aKo­
HMT0CT nocTynalba HJ1)Kef jaBHOf TY)KMOu;a (qrr. 18, CT. I 3JT). O6aBe3HO CTBaptta
ynyTcTBO ce 113;n,aje y n11cattoj cpopM11 11 ca,n;p)KM pa3rrore 11 o6pa3JIO)Kelf>e 3a 6aMa 3aK0H
lberOB0 M3,n;aBalbe. YKOJll1KO HJ1)KJ1 jaBHJ1 TY)KJ1Jiau; CMaTpa ,n;a je o6aBe3HO Ka,u;a je 3aK
ynyTCTBO He3aKOHJ1TO J1Jil1 HeOCHOBaHO, MO)Ke J13jaBl1Tl1 rrpMrOBOp ca o6- o,u;pe,u;6y ca .
pa3JIO)KelbeM peny6JIMqKOM jaBHOM TY)Kl10IJ;Y, npeK0 jaBHOf TY)KMOu;a KOjl1
je 113,n;ao o6aBe3HO ynyTcTBO. Ilponrn o6aBe3Hor ynyTcTBa peny6rr11qKor
jaBHOf TY)KMOu;a rrp11r0Bop HMje ,n;onyrnTeH. O6aBe3Ha ynyTCTBa MO)Ke l13-
,n;aBaTM l1 jaBHM TY)Kl1Jiau; CBOM 3aMeHJ1KY, KOjl1 MO)Ke J13jaBl1TJ1 np11r0Bop
Henocpe,n;HO BMilleM jaBHOM TY)KMOu;y 36or He3aKOHJ1T0CTl1 11Jll1 HeOCHO­ cyp;oM, pe
BaH0CTl1 ynyTCTBa. y CBaKOM crryqajy, ynyTCTBa cy J1HTepttor KapaKTepa l1 cy,u;oBMMa w
o6aBe3yjy caMo Hl1)Ker jaBH0r TY)KJ1ou;a, a He 11 cy,n; 3a Koj11 je Mepo,n;aBHa AY3MMaH>e c
113jaBa, o,n;H0CHO pa,n;lha Ty)KJ1ou;a ,n;arn 11rr11 npe,n;y3ern y nocTynKy, 6e3 o6- CT. 2 3JT).
311pa ,n;a JIM je y CKJia,n;y ca ynyTCTBOM Bl1Iller jaBHOr TY)Kl10IJ;a. 85
Hat-teno OeBonyu,uje 03HaqaBa npaBo Henocpe,n;Ho BMrner jaBH0r TY)Kl1- MecHa Ha
ou;a ,n;a npey3Me q>JHKIJ;Mjy KpMB11qHor rolbelba, o,n;HocHo Bprnelbe noje­ Ma 3KIT K0j
,n;11H11x pap;tt,11 J13 Ha,n;Jie)KHOCTJII Hl1)Ker jaBHOf TY)KJ10u;a. OBl1M HaqeJI0M jaBHJII Ty)Km
IllTJ1Tl1 ce Bprnelbe cpyHKu;11je o,n; rpernaKa 11 Hea)KypHoCTM Koje ce Mory jaaHor TY)K
nojaBJ1Tl1 y pa,n;y Hl1)Ker jaBH0r Ty)K11ou;a. Haqerro ,n;eBorryu;11je rrpe,n;cTaBJba no,u;pyqj11M
CBojeBpCTaH J1HCTpyMeHT J1HTepHe KOHTporre. 86 OB0 Haqerro je ,n;11peKTHa IIIeHO J1Jll1 II
rrocrre,n;11u;a Haqerra x11jepapX11je 11 npo11311rra3J1 113 3aKoHcKe o,n;pe,n;6e rrpe­ rro,u;pyqja, m
Ma Kojoj Herrocpe,n;Ho BJ1Illl1 jaBH11 Ty)K1,rnau; MO)Ke rrpe,n;y3eTJ1 CBe pa,n;tt,e rnaHo, Ha,n;rr
Ha Koje je oBrrarnneH HJ1)Kl1 jaBH11 TY)KJ1Jiau; (qrr. 19, CT. 1 3JT). Kao 11 y pap;lba rrpoB
crryqajy o6aBe3Hl1X ynyTcTaBa, HJ1)Kl1 jaBH11 TY)KMJiau; MO)Ke ocnopaBan-1 ('rn. 46, CT. 2
ocHoBaHOCT pernelba o ,n;eBorryu;11j11 113jaBJbl1BalbeM rrp11r0Bopa y poKy o;n, Kao 11 y BJ
8 ,n;aHa o,n; rrp11jeMa peruelba (qrr. 19, CT. 2 3JT). u;a M0)Ke ,a;o
Hat-teno cyncmumyu,uje rrpe,a;cTaBJba npaBo BJ1rner jaBHor TY)KJ10I.i;a ,n;a 113Mel)y jaBH
0BJiaCTM HJ1)Kef jaBHOf TY)KJ10u;a ,n;a npey3Me <PYHKI.J;Mjy KpJ11BJ1qHor rolbe.H>a, CJKo6 Ha,n;rr
0,D;HOCHO noje,n;J1He pa,n;lf>e J13 Ha,a;Jie)KH0CTl1 ,n;pyror HJ1)Ker jaBHOr Ty)KJllou;a. cpe,n;H0 Bl1III
Haqerro je J13pJ1qJ1T0 3aKOH0M ypel)eHO TaK0 IIIT0 OBJiarnnyje Herrocpe,a;Ho Ha,n;Jie)KH0CT
BJ1IIIer jaBHOr Ty)KJllou;a ,n;a 0BJiaCTM HJ1)Ker jaBHOr TY)KJ10u;a ,n;a II0CTyna y BMiller jaBHO
crnap11Ma 113 Ha,n;rre)KH0CTJ1 ,n;pyror HJ1)Ker jaBH0r Ty)K11ou;a, aKo je Ha,a;Jie)K­ Jie)KH0CTJ1 J1
Hl1 jaBHM TY)KJ1Jiau; crrpeqeH M3 npaBHJ1X J1JI11 CTBapH11X pa3JI0ra ,n;a II0CTyrra BJ1llil1X jaBH
y rroje,n;11HJ1M npe,n;MeTl1Ma. J13y3eTHO, peny6JIJ1l1Kl1 jaBH11 TY)Kl1Jiau; M0)Ke BJ1llier jaBHO
OBJiaCTMTl1 TY)KJ10u;a 3a opraHM30BaHl1 KpMMJ1HaJI ,n;a TIOCTyrra y rroje,n;MHOM CJKo6 Ha
rrpe,n;MeTy M3 Ha,a;rre)KH0CTM ,n;pyror TY)Kt1ou;a pa,n;11 ecp11Karnvrjer Bol)ett,a J1JIJ1 jaBHOr
IIOCTyrrKa l1JIJ/1 ,n;pyr11X Ba)KHJ1X pa3JI0ra, 0 qeMy ,!l;0H0Cl1 o6pa3JIO)KeHO pe­ pernaBa perr1
IIIelbe rrpoTMB Kojer ce He M0)Ke J113jaB11T11 rrp11r0Bop (qn_ 20 3JT). Ha 0B0M
cTyrrKy rrpo
85 fpy6atJ:, M. (2006). Opus citatum, CTp. 150.
86 Ibidem. jaBHor TY)K
 KpHBJ1'IHOIIpOQeCHJ1 cy6jeKTJ1 55

1.3. Hap;Jie)KHOCT jaBHor Ty)K11ou;a

CTBapHa Ha,n;rre)KHOCT jaBHor Ty)K11ou;a op;pel)yje ce y cK11a,n;y ca op;pe,n;-
6a.Ma 3aKOHa Koje Ba)Ke 3a yTBplj1rnaH>e CTBapHe Ha,n;Jie)KHOCTJ1 cy,n;a, OCJ1M
KaAa je 3aKOHOM ,n;pyra•n:,1je o,n;peljeHo (qn, 45 3KII). CKopo 11,n;eHTJ1qHy
OApeA6y ca,n;p)K11 11 3aKOH o jaBHOM Ty)K11rrarnTBy (qn, 14). IIpeMa TOMe,
HaAJie)KHOCT cBaKor o,n; jaBHJ1X TY)KJ,marnTaBa npaT11 Ha,n;Jie)KHOCT op;roBa­
pajyher cy,n;a npe,n; KOjl1M je OBJiarnheHO ,n;a IIOCTyna (Hnp. OCHOBHJ1 jaBHJ1
T)')Kirnau; rrocTyna npep; OCHOBHJ1M cy,n;oM, BJ1lllJ1 jaBHJ1 TY)KJ1Jiau; npep; BJ1-
lll11M cyp;oM J1T,IJ;.). IIope,n; npaBa ,n;a IIOCTyna rrpep; BpXOBHJ1M Kacau;110HJ1M
C)'AOM, peny6JmqKJ1 jaBHJ1 TY)KJ1Jia� je Ha,n;Jie)KaH p;a IIOCTyna npe,n; CBJ1M
C)'AOB11Ma li1 p;pyr11M opraH11Ma y Perry6n11u;11 Cp6Mjli1 J1 OBrrawheH je Ha npe­
A)13HMaH>e CBJ1X pap;tt,11 Ha Koje je OBJiarnheHO jaBHO TY)KJ1JialllTBO (qrr, 29,
CT. 2 3JT). J,fay3eTaK npe,n;cTaBJbajy TY)KJ1JiarnTBa noce6He Ha,n;Jie)KHOCTJ1,
1111ja je CTBapHa Ha,n;Jie)KHOCT ypeljeHa 3aKOHJ1Ma KOjJ1Ma cy OHa J1 OCHOBaHa.

MeCHa Ha,n;Jie)KHOCT jaBHor TY)I(Mou;a o,n;pel)yje ce y cKnap;y ca o,n;pe,n;6a­

Ma 3KII KOje Ba)Ke 3a yTBpljMBaH>e MeCHe Hap;Jie)KH0CTJ1 cyp;a npe,n; KOjl1M
jaaH11 ry)K11Jiau; nocTyna (qn. 46, CT. 1 3KII). Ha11Me, MecHa Hap;Jie)KHOCT
jaaHor ry)K11JiarnTBa op;pel)yje ce y CKJiap;y ca 3aKOHOM o cep;11rnT11Ma 11
n0Ap)"Ij11Ma cyp;oBa 11 jaBHMX Ty)K11JialllTaBa. AKO je Kp11BJ1qHo p;eno J13Bp­
rneHo 11rr11 rroKyrnaHo Ha rrop;pyqj11Ma pa3HMX cyp;oBa J1JIJ1 Ha rpaH11u;11 TMX
noAp)"Ija, J1JIM je Hel13BeCHo Ha KojeM nop;pyqjy je I13BprneHo 11n11 noKy­
watto, Hap;Jie)KaH je jaBHJ1 TY)KJ1Jiau; Ha q11jeM rrop;pyqjy je rrpep;y3eTa rrpBa
paAtba rrpoBepe OCHOBa cyMH>e p;a je HeKO rr11u;e yq11HJ1JIO Kpl1BJ1qHO p;eno
('lJI. 46, CT. 2 3KII).
Kao l1 y Bprnett,y cy,n;cKe <pyttKu;11je, TaKO J1 y IIOCTynaH>y jaBHOr TY)KJ10-
l.\a MO)Ke p;ohM p;o CYK06a Hap;Jie)KHOCTJ1. PernaBaH>e cyKo6a Hap;Jie)KHOCTJ1
H3Mel)y jaBHlifX TY)KJ1Jiau;a 3aB11rn o,n; BpcTe TJ)KJ1Jiau;a Koj11 cy y CYKo6y.
CYKo6 Hap;Jie)KHOCTJ1 li13Mel)y jaBHMX T�rrau;a pernaBa 3ajep;HJ1qKJil Heno­
cpeAHO B11urn jaBHI1 TJ)KJ1Jiau; (qrr. 47, CT. 1 3KII). TaKo Ha rrp11Mep, CYKo6
HaAJie)KHOCTJ1 J13Mel)y OCHOBHJ1X jaBHJ1X TJ)KJ1JialllTaBa C rrop;pyqja J1CTOf
BHwer jaBHOr TY)KJ1JiarnTBa pernaBa B11rne jaBHO T�narnTBo, a cyKo6 Hap;­
Jle)f(HOCTM J13Mel)y OCHOBHJ1X jaBHJ1X TJ)I(J1JialllTaBa C rro,n;pyqja pa3JIJ1qJ1TJ1X
BHW11X jaBHJ1X TY)KJ1Jiau;a, Kao J1 CYK06 Hap;Jie)KHOCTJ1 J13Mel)y OCHOBHOr J1
auwer jaBHOr TY)KJ1JiarnTBa pernaBa perry6rr11qK11 jaBHJ1 TJ)KlifJiau;.
CYKo6 Hap;Jie)KH0CTJ1 J13Mel)y jaBHJ1X TJ)KJ1Jiau;a noce6He Hap;Jie)KHOCTJ1
HJIH jaBHOr Ty)KJ1ou;a noce6He Hap;Jie)KHOCTJ1 11 p;pyror jaBHor TJ)KJ1ou;a,
pewaaa perry6n11qK11 jaBHJ1 TJ)KJ1Jiau; (qrr, 47, CT. 2 3KII).
Ha OBOM MecTy je Ba)KHO HarJiaCJ1TJ1 p;a 3aKOHJ1K O Kp11BJ1qHoM rro­
CT)'IIKY rrporr11cyje Haq11H rrpep;y311MaH>a pap;lb11 y nocTynKy op; CTpaHe
jasttor ry)Klifou;a. IIpep;B11l)eHo je p;a jaBHJ1 TY)KJ1Jiau; pap;H>e rrpe,n;y311Ma
 Kp11BJ1'IHOnpon;ecm-1 cy6jeKTM 57

1.5. Haqena y rrocTyrralhy jaBHOr TY)KMOu;a

IIoCTynaH>e jaBHOf TY)Kli10D;a y Kp1i1Bli1'1HOM IIOCTyrIKY KapaKTepmny
o,(lpeljeHa Ha'leJia, Mel)y KojMMa ce Kao ttajBa)KHMja MCTM'ly: Ha'leno oqm-
1.\HjenttocTM, Ha'leJIO neraJIMTeTa, Ha'leJIO caMOCTaJIHOCTM, OIIOPTYHMTeTa
(I.\eJIHCXO,JJ;HOCTM) JI[ MYTa6Ji1JIJl[TeTa.
Hat-tello ocfiuu,ujellHocmu ycnocTaBJba rrpaBo ttap;Jie)KHOr jaBHor TY)KM0-
1.\a ,a;a rrpep;y3Me Kp1i1BM'IHO roH>elbe 6e3 ofoMpa Ha CTaB onITenettor o ToMe,
1½aK H Kap; Ce OllITeneHM M3pM'IJ1TO npOTMBJ1 Kp1i1BM'IHOM fOibeH>y.88 JaBHJ1
TY)KHJial.\ je dominus litis (rocnop;ap napH11u;e, cnopa) 1i1 jep;MHM cy6jeKaT
0,(\ KOjer MO)Ke nOTellJ1 J1HJ1D;J1jaTJ1Ba 3a Kp1i1Bli1'1HO fOibelbe, OC1i1M y 3a­
KOHOM rrpep;BJ1QeHJ1M 113y3eu;1i1Ma. Op;cTyrra1ba op; Ha'leJia Oq)li1D;J1jeJIHOCTJi1
nocroje KOA Kp11BJ1'IHJ.1X p;ena 3a Koja ce rolhelhe npep;y311Ma no npMBaT­
Hoj ry)l(fo.1 1i1 no npep;nory onITenettor. folheH>e no npep;nory oIIITenettor
npe,a;BHljeHo je KOA op;pel)ettor 6poja KpJ1BM'IHJ1X p;ena, Koja cy 11Ha'le y
Ha,a;Jie)l(HOCTM jaBHOf TY)KMOu;a, aJIM je npeTXOAHO noTpe6Ho o6e36ep;J1TJ1
carnacttocr OlllTenettor KaKo 611 jaBHM TY)KMJiau; Morao p;a npep;y3Me Kp11-
BH'IHO roH>eH>e (ttnp. KpMB1i1'1HO p;eno CMJIOBalha aKo je 1i13BprneHo rrpeMa
6pa1iHOM p;pyry, HeQBJiaIIIneHO OTKp1i1Balhe TajHe JI[ p;p.).
Hat-teno Jlecallumema je p;11peKTHa nocnep;11u;a npMMeHe Ha'leJia 04>11-
1.\HjenHocTM, C ofoMpOM Ha TO p;a 03Ha'laBa AY)KHOCT jaBHOr TY)KMOD;a p;a
npe,a;y3Me Kp1i1Bli1'1HO roH>elbe Kap;a nocToje OCHOBJI[ cyMibe p;a je Jl{Ji1IbeHO
KpHBHtJHO p;eno 3a Koje ce roHM no cJiy)K6eHoj p;y)KHOCTM. 89 06aBe3a jaB­
Hor TY)l(HOQa p;a npep;y3Me Kpt1BJ1'IHO roH>eH>e HacTaje Kap;a ce 3a roH>eH>e
HCrrytte 3aKOHOM rrpep;BMQeHM CTBapHM 1i1 rrpaBHM ycnOBJ1.9° CTBapHM yc­
nOBH cy J1CIIytt,eHJ1 Kap;a IIOCToje p;oKa3M KOjM IIOTBpl)yjy IIOCTOjaH>e oc­
HOBa cyMH>e p;a je J'IHH>eHo KpMB1i1'1HO p;eno Koje ce roHM no cny)K6ettoj
AY)KHOCTH. 01..\eHa rrocTojaH>a rrpaBH1i1X yrnoBa 3a KpJ1BJ1'IHO roH>eH>e TM'le
ce H30CTaHKa rrpaBH1i1X rrperrpeKa 3a Kp1i1Bli1'1HO roH>eH>e, Kao IIITO cy: 3a­
crapenocr, noMMJIOBaH>e, aMHecT11ja M p;p. Y op;pel)eHMM CMTyau;MjaMa J1
nope,a; HCIIytt,eHOCTJ1 IIOMeHyT1i1X ycnoBa, Hene p;oh:n AO noKpeTaH>a Kp11-
BHtJHOr rrocTynKa p;oK ce He J1crrytte :n noce6H:n yrnoB:n. I1p1i1Mep 3a TO je

88 CynpoTHO OBOM Ha'-!eJiy, aKO IlOKpeTa!iJe noCTynKa 3aBl1Cl1 OA BO/be Ol11Teli.ettor, MO)l(eMO
roeop11r11 o Ha'!eny Heoqnn-111jenHOCT11 11n11 Al1Cn03l1Tl1BHOM tta'-!erry.
89 11oje)];l1Hl1 npo11ecyanl1cn1 np11Metty osor Ha'-lena se3yjy He caMo 3a noKpeTatbe Kp11Bl1'-!Hor
nocrynKa, sen 11 sa sprnetbe Kpl1Bl1'-IHOr nporotta y TOKY nocTynKa. Bayer, V. (1982). Opus citatum,
etp. 158.
90 3Kl1 noce6HOM 0ApeA60M ype.ljyje Ill1TaH,e KOje ce OAHOCl1 Ha IlO'-!eTa K Kpl1Bl1'1HOr rolbelba
y sae11cHocrn OA npom1cattor Ha'!11Ha rolbelha Kp11s11'!H11x )];ena . Kp11s11'!HO ro1-1,elbe 3a Aena Koja
ce roHe no rnylK6ettoj AYlKHOCTl1 no'!mbe npeAy311MalheM npBe pa)];tt,e jasttor TY)!(l1Ol.\a 11n11
oanawheHIIX cny)!(6ettl1X mu.-1a non11L111je, Ha octtosy 3axTeBa ja sttor TylK11O11a, pa A11 nposepe
OCHOBa cyMtbe ):\a je Y'll11-beHO Kp11Bl1'1HO Ae/IO l1/Il1 )];a je OApe.ljeHO /IHJ.\e Y'll1Hl1/IO Kp11Bl1'1HO ):\eno.
KpHBll'!HO ro11,e11,e 3a i:1ena Koja ce roHe no np11BaTHoj Ty)!(611 3ano'!11tbe ITOAHOlllel-beM np11saTHe
T)'ll(6e (•rn. 5, er. 2).
 59

2) ;n;a IIJiaTJ1 O)];peI)eHJ1 HOBqaHJ1 J13HOC y KOpl1CT xyMam1TapHe opraHJ1-

3al�Mje, q>OH)];a J1JIJ1 jaBHe ycTaHOBe;
3) ;n;a o6aBJ1 O)];peI)eHJ1 ApyrnTBeHOKOpl1CHJ1 J1JIJ1 xyMaHJ1TapHJ1 pa)];;
4) ;n;a 11crrytt11 )];ocrrerre o6aBe3e J13)];p)l{aBatt,a;
5) ;n;a ce IIOABprne O)];BJ1KaBatt,y OA arrKoxorra 11rr11 orrojHHX Apora;
6) ;n;a ce IIO)];Bprtte IIC:V1XOCOQl1jaJIHOM TpeTMaHy pa)];J1 OTKJiaH,aH,a y3-
p0Ka Hac11JIHJ1qKor rroHarnatt,a;
7) ;n;a 113Bpnm o6aBe3y ycTaHOBlbeHy rrpaBHOCHa)l{HOM OAJIYKOM cy)];a,
OAHOCHO ;n;a IIOlllTYje orpaHJ1qeH,e yrnpI)eHo rrpaBHOCHa)KHQM cy)];CKOM
OAII)'KOM.
YKOJI11KO ce OAJiyq11 3a rrpHMeHy OBOr J1HCTJ1TyTa, jaBHJ1 TY)KJ1Jlal\ he
AOHeTH HapeA6y y Kojoj O)];peI)yje poK y KOjeM ocyMH,J1qeHJ1 MOpa )];a J1C­
ny1rn npey3eTe o6aBe3e, c Tl1M )];a poK He MO)Ke 6J1TJ1 AY)KJ1 OA rO)];HHY
AaHa. Ha)];3op Ha)]; J13Bprnett,eM o6aBe3a rrpe)];BJ1I)eHJ1X ttape)];60M o6aB7ba
IIOBepeHJ1K J13 opraHa yrrpaBe Ha)];Jie)KHOr 3a IlOCJIOBe J13BpllleH,a Kpl1BJ1q­
HHX CaHKQJ1ja. AKO ocyMH,J1qeHJ1 y poKy J13Bpllil1 rrpey3eTy o6aBe3y, jaBHJ1
T}')l<MJia.Q he pellleH,eM op;6al\J1TJ1 Kpl1BJ1qHy npHjaBy J1 0 TOMe o6aBeCTJ1-
TH OlllTeneHor. OrnTeheH11 HeMa npaBo Ha yrraratt,e rrp11r0Bopa rrpoTJ1B
OBaKBe OAJIYKe jaBHor TY)KMOJ.\a (qrr. 283 3KII). Y crryqajy )];a ocyMH,J1qeHJ1
He IIOCTYIU1 y CKJia)];y ca npey3eTMM o6aBe3aMa, jaBHJ1 TY)KJ1JiaQ MO)Ke )];a
HacraBH Kpl1BJ1qHo fOH,eH,e, O)];HOCHO )];a IIOKpeHe Kp11BJ1qHJ1 noCTyrraK. 94
,[(pyru crryqaj onopTyttJ1TeTa O)];Hoc11 ce Ha 006a 1iaj KpUBU1iHe npujaBe
J6or cTBapttor Kajatt,a OCJMH,J1qettor. Y crryqajy Kp11BJ1qH11x )];erra 3a Koja je
npomrcaHa Ka3Ha 3arnopa AO 3 ro)];J1He J1JIJ1 HOBqaHa Ka3Ha, jaBHJ1 TY)KJ1JiaQ
MO)l(e o;n;6a.QMTM Kpl1BJ1qHy npHjaBy aKO je ocyMH,MqeHJ1, ycne)]; CTBapHor
Kajalba, cnpeqJ10 HacTynatt,e lllTeTe J1JIJ1 je IIITeTy y IIOTilJHOCTJ1 Beh Ha­
AOKHa;n;uo, a jaBHJ1 TY)KJ1JiaQ, rrpeMa OKOJIHOCTJ1Ma cnyqaja, OJ.\eHJ1 )];a J13-
pm�afue KpMBJ1qHe caHKQJ1je He 6J1 6J1JIO npaBJ1qHO. HI1 y OBOj CJ1TyaQJ1jJ1,
OlllTeheHM HeMa rrpaBO Ha J13jaB7bJ1BaH,e rrpI1rOBOpa (qJI. 284, CT. 3 3KII).
IlpHMeHa orropTyttJ1TeTa y noCTyrrKy npeMa MaJIOJieTHJ1M yqJ1HJ10QJ1-
Ma KpHBwrn11x )];erra Moryha je y )];Ba cnyqaja. IlpBI1 ce O)];HOCJ1 Ha KpI1-
BH'IHO ;n;eno ca 3arrpeheHOM Ka3HOM 3aTBOpa AO 5 f0)];J1Ha J1JIJ1 HOBqaHOM
94 ITocne111f>11M 113MettaMa 3KTI 011pe!)etto je 11a ce cpe11cTBa yrrnanetta y KOpMCT xyMaHMTaptte
opramt3al\11je, qJOHAa 11/!11 jaaHe ycTaHOBe /10,llelbyjy TMM cy6jeKTMMa 11n11 APYrMM npaBHMM MllM
$H311�KIIM nHl\11Ma no cnpoae11eHOM jaBHOM KOHKY pcy, KOj11 pacn11cyje Ml1HMCTapcTBO HaAT!e)l(HO
3a nocnose npasocylja. Jaatt11 KOHKypc cnpoBOAM KOMMCMja, Ko)y o6pa3yje M11H11crap tta11nelKaH
3a nocnose npasocylja. J.13y3eTtto, KOM11c11ja MO)l(e Ha 3axTeB q,11311 <1Kor mn.ia, 6e3 cnpoaolje1-1,a
jasHor KOHKypca, npe11no)KMTM 11a ce cpeACTBa 11011ene nOAHOCMOI-1y 3axTeaa pa,1'111 ne4e1-1,a ,11eTeTa y
HHOCTpaHCTBy, aKO cpe/lCTBa H11cy o6e36eljetta y Peny6n11'fKOM cj:>OHAY 3a 3/lpaBCTBeHO ornrypatt,e.
Cnposol)elbe jaattor KOHKypca, Kp1nepMjyMM 3a pacno1-1eny cpe1-1cTasa, cacrna M tta'fMH pa1-1a
10M11c11je ypeljyjy ce aKTOM Ml1HMCTpa tta1-1nelKHOr 3a nocnoae npaaocylja. 01-1nyKy o pacrro1-1enM
OBHX cpe11crasa ).\OHOCM Bna1-1a ('In. 283, CT. 4-8 3KII).
 Kp11BJ1'-IHOilpOu;ecHJ1 cy6jeKTJ1 61

3 3KI1). 96 TpettyTaK IIOTBp1)11rnaH>a OIITY)KHJ1Qe, OAHOCHO IIO'l!eTaK rnaB­

HOr Kpl1Bl1'l!HOr IIOCTyrrKa rrpeACTaBJba rrpBl1 rrpoQeCHl1 MOMeHaT y KojeM
ornreheHJ1 MO)Ke Aa CTeKHe CBOjCTBO TY)Kl10Qa ('l!JI. 52, CT. 1 3K.Il).
Y cnY'lJajy OAYCTaHKa jaattor TY)I<MOQa OA orrTy)K6e Hacrnje 06aae3a 3a
CY'fl. '{1.a np11cyTttor OIIITenettor yrr11Ta Aa JIM )KeJIM Aa rrpey3Me Kp11aJ1qHo
rolbelbe 11 3acTyrraI-be orrTy)K6e. AKO oIIITeneHM tt11je rrp11cyTaH, cy.n; je .n;y­
)l(aH '{1.a ra y poKy o.n; 8 .n;atta 06aaecTJ1 o OAYCTaHKY jaattor TY)KMOQa o.n;
onry)l(6e 11 ITOY'lJM o rrpaay .n;a rrpey3Me Kpl1Bl1'l!HO roH>eI-be. 0IIITeneH11 je
'fl.Y)l(aH '{1.a ce OAMax unu y poKy OA 8 AaHa OA AaHa Ka,n;a je np11MJ10 o6a­
aernreH>e O TOMe J13jaCHJ1. YKOJIJ1KO OIIITeneHJ1 HMje o6aaeIIITeH, OCTaBJbeH
MY je poK OA 3 MeceQa OA ,n;aHa Ka,n;a je jaBHM TY)KJ11JiaQ 113jaaJ110 Aa o.n;ycTaje
OA onry)l(6e, Aa ce 113jacH11.
AKO OUITeneHJ1 l13jaBl1 Aa npey3l1Ma Kpl1BJ1l-IHO roH>ett,e, cy.n; li.e HaCTa­
BHTl1 nocTyrraK, OAHOCHO o.n;peAJ1TJ1 rnaBHJ1 npeTpec. AKO ce OIIITeneHJ1
y AaTOM poKy He l13jaCHJ1 l1Jll1 l13jaBJ1 Aa He )KeJIJ1 Aa rrpey3Me Kpl1BJ1'l!HO
rott,ett:,e, cy.n; li.e AOHeTu peIIIeH>e o o6ycTaBl1 nocTynKa, o,n;HOCHO npecyp;y
KOjOM ce OIITy)K6a o.n;611ja. y CJI)"l!ajy CMpn1 OIIITeli.ettor y TOKY poKa 3a
AaBatt:,e 1,rnjaae o npey311Mal-by Kpl1Bl1'l!HOr roH>eI-ba, 1-beroa 6pa'l!Hl1 .n;pyr,
nHI�e ca KOjJIIM )KJ1Bl1 y BaH6pa'l!HOj J1Jll1 KaKBOj .n;pyroj Tpajttoj 3ajep;Hl1-
I..\H )l(J1Bora, p;eQa, po,n;11TeJb11, yCBojeHJ1QJ1, ycaoj11TeJb11, 6pali.a, cecTpe u
3aKOHCKJII 3acTyrrHJ1K (npaBHJ/1 cne.n;6eHJ1QJ1 OIIITeneHor) Mory y poKy op;
3 MeceQa rrocne 1-beroae cMpT:11 p;a .n;ajy J13jaay Aa npey311Majy roI-beH>e, o.n;­
HOCHO '{1.a Aajy l13jaay .n;a nocTynaK HacTaBJbajy.
Moryli.ttocT rrpey311MaH>a rol-bel-ba 11 3aCTynaI-ba orrTy)K6e o.n; CTpatte
OWTeheHOf IIOCTOjl1 J/1 y CKpaD.eHOM Kpl1Bl1'l!HOM IlOCTynKy. 0IIITeneHJII
MO)l(e '{1.a CTeKHe CBOjCTBO cynCJ1AJ1japttor TY)KJ10Qa y ClIY'lJajy p;a jaBHJ1
ry:i1ornaQ o.n;ycrntte o.n; onTy)K6e OA o.n;pe1)11aal-ba ;n;o 3aBpIIIeTKa rnaBHOr
nperpeca 11n111 po'l!MIIITa 3a 113p11Qal-be Kp11B111rne caHKQMje ('l!n. 497, cT. 1
H 2 3KI1).

2.2. I1paBHl1 IIOJIO)Kaj OIIITeneHor Kao TY)KJ10Qa

IlpaBHJ1 IIOJIO)Kaj OIIITeheHor Kao TY)Kl10Qa KapaKTep11IIIe 3aKOHOM
npeABJ1QeHJ1 CKyrr rrpaBa J1 .n;y)KH0CTJ1 y Kpl1Bl1'l!HOM noCTyrrKy. Hajaeh.11
6poj npaBa cyrrcMAHjapttor TY)KHOQa o.n;roaapa npaBHMa jaBHOr TY)KJ10-

96 YKon11Ko jasm,1 TY>KW/lal.\ OA6al.\H KpHBW'iHY npwjasy, o6ycTaBW wCTpary wnw OAYCTaHe OA
lpHBll'IHOr roH>eH>a AO noTBpljwsatba onTy)l(HHL\e, ouneheHw He MO>Ke npey3eTw rott,efbe, aeli
CIMO 113jaswrn npwrosop Ha TaKBY OJIIIYKY ttenocpe,llHO BWilleM jaBHOM TY>KWOL\Y- HenocpeAHO
IHWHjaBHl1 TY>KWTlal.\ he y poKy OA 15 AaHa OA AaHa npwjeMa npwrosopa AOHeTW pellletbe KOjWM he
OA6HTw wnw ycsoj11Tw npwrosop npoTJAB Kojer Hwje A03BO/beHa >Kan6a HWTW npwrosop. Pernett,eM
IOjHM ycsojw np11roaop Henocpe,!\HO BHJJJW jaBH)II TY>KW/lal.\ lie H3,[\arn o6aae3HO YTIYTCTBO
llljl}ICll<HOM jaBHOM T�WOL\Y Aa npeAY3Me, OAHOCHO HaCTaB» KpHBW·iHO rotbelbe ('Ill. 51 3KIT).
62 AneKcattp;ap EoIIIKOBWn, Talba Kecwh: Kpu8u-itHO npou,eCHo npaBo

Qa, na ce 3aKoHo,n;aBaQ JiaKOHCKM J:13janrn,aBa ,n;a OIIITeheHOM Kao TY)KMOQY

npMna,n;ajy CBa npaBa Koja J1Ma jaBHJ1 TY)KMJiaQ, OCJtlM OHJ1X Koja jaBHOM
TY)KMOQY npMna,n;ajy Kao ,n;p)KaBHOM opraHy ('IJI. 58, CT. 2 3KII). 97
HajBa)KHJtija npaBa OIIITeneHor Kao TY)KMOQa jecy: npaBo ,n;a 3acTyrra
orrTy)K6y; rrpaBo ,n;a no,n;Hece npe,n;nor J1 ,n;oKa3e 3a ocTBap1rnaH>e MMOBMH­
cKonpaBHOr 3ax:TeBa M ,n;a rrpe,n;JIO)KJtI rrpMBpeMeHe Mepe 3a H>eroBo o6e-
36et)eH>e; npaBo ,n;a aHra)Kyje nyHoMonHMKa M3 pe,n;a a,n;BoKaTa; rrpaBo p;a
3ax:TeBa IIOCTaBJbaH,e IIyttOMOnHJtIKa J1 npaBO ,n;a npep;y3MMa ,n;pyre pa,n;Ibe,
Ka,n;a je TO o,n;pet)eHo 3KII.
IIpaBo Ha npe,n;y311MaH>e ,n;pyrMx pa,n;lbM rrpe,n;BJ11:)eHJt1X 3KII o6YXB aTa
cne,n;ena npaBa: ,n;a pa3MaTpa cm1ce J1 pa3rne,n;a npe,u;MeTe KOjM Mory noCJiy­
)KJ1TJ1 Kao ,u;oKa3 y KpI1BJ1'IHOM nocTyrrKy; ,n;a 6y;n;e Il03BaH Ha rJiaBHJ1 rrpe­
Tpec J1 o6aBeIIITeH o ce,n;HHQM Bena ,n;pyrocTerreHor cy,u;a; ,n;a npo'IMTa on­
TY)KHMQY Ha rnaBH0M npeTpecy MJIM ,n;a no o,n;o6peI-by npe,u;cep;HMKa Bena
ycMeHo M3JIO)KJ1 lbeH ca,n;p)Kaj; ,n;a 3ax:TeBa rroBpanaj y npet)anrn,e CTalbe; p;a
6y,n;e noyqeH o MorynHOCTM M3jaBJbJ1BaH>a npaBHOr rreKa; ,u;a M3jaBM )Karr6y
npoTMB npecy,n;e I13 CBMX 3aKOHOM npe,u;m11)eHJ1X pa3rrora J1 ,u;p.
Je,n;Ho o,n; crreQM<pM'IHMX rrpaBa Koja ce rapattTyjy OIIITeheHOM Kao TY·
)KJ10QY jecTe npaBo Ha rryttoMonHMKa. OB,n;e 3aKOH npaB11 pa3JIMKY M3Mety
npaBa Ha aHfa)KOBalbe rryttOMOnHMKa J1 npaBa ,n;a 3ax:TeBa nocTaBJbalbe rry­
HOMOnHMKa. IIpaBo Ha aHfa)KOBalbe rryttOMOnHJtIKa rro,u;pa3YMeBa Moryh­
HOCT ,n;a OIIITeneHM Kao T�J1JiaQ J13a6epe nyttOMOnHJtIKa J13 pe,n;a a,u;B0KaTa,
KojM 6J1 MY npy)KJ1o npaBHY rroMoh y nocTyrrKy, o rnoM TpoIIIKy. C ,n;p yre
CTpaHe, npaBO ,n;a 3ax:TeBa nocTaBJbeHor nyttoMonHMKa rapaHTyje ce cttpo­
MaIIIHOM OIIITeneHOM Kao TY)KMOQY, y noCTyrrQMMa 3a KpI1BJ1'!Ha ,n;erra ca
3anpeneHOM Ka3HOM 3arnopa y TpajaH,y rrpeKo 5 ro,n;11Ha, YKOJIMKO je TO y
J1HTepecy nocTyrrKa J1 aKO OIIITeheHM Kao TY)KMJia�, rrpeMa CBOM J1MOBHH·
CKOM CTaH,y, He MO)Ke ,n;a CHOCJ1 TPOIIIKOBe 3acTyrralba ('IJI. 59, CT. 1 3KII).
O,u;JIYKY O IlOCTaBJbaH,y nyttOMOilHMKa ,D;OHOCJ1 npe,n;ce,n;HMK rrpeTpec­
HOf Bena J1JIJ1 cy,u;Mja rrojep;MHaQ, a rryHOMOnHMKa peIIIeH,eM nocTaBJba
rrpe,n;cep;HMK cy;n;a M3 pe,u;a a,u;BoKaTa no pe,n;ocne,n;y ca crrMcKa a,n;BoKara
KOjM cy,u;y ,u;ocTaBJba Hap;Jie)KHa a,u;BOKaTCKa KOMOpa 3a o,n;pet)MBalbe 6pa­
HMJia�a no cJiy)K6eHoj ,u;y)KHOCTM ('IJI. 59, CT. 2 3KII). TpoIIIKOBM 3acry­
nalba rra,u;ajy Ha TepeT 6yI,IeTCKJ1X cpep;cTaBa cy,n;a.
Kao cyrrpoTHOCT 3Ha'IajHOM 6pojy rapaHTOBaHJ1X npaBa, OIIITeneHH
Kao TY)KMJia�, H,eroB 3aKOHCKJ1 3acTyrrHJ1K98 J1 IIyttOMOilHJ1K J1Majy caMo
97 OwTehemf Kao TY)l(Wna1..1 He MO)l(e Aa 3aK/b)"-111 crropa3yM o np113tta1-1,y Kp.11Bl1'IHOr 11ena,
cnopa3yM 0 CBeA0'IeH,y 0Kp11B/beHor w ocytJeHor, He MO)l(e Aa PYKOBOAJ/1 WCTparoM (36or Tora
MoryhHOCT npey3WMaH,a Kpl/lBW'IHOr ro1-1,e1ba 33 OWTeheHor Kao TY)l(W0l..la Ba)l(l1 TeK HaKOH
ITOTBpl)wsa1-1,a OITTY)l(HWl..le) w en.
98 3aKoHcKw 3acTynHwK owTehettor je m-1.qe Koje je oenaUiheHo Aa Aaje cee .113jase .11 Aa npeAy311Ma
cee paA1-1,e Ha Koje je no 3KII oBnarnheH OUITehett11. 3aKOHCKl1 3acTynH11K 3acTyna l1HTepece
 Kp1,rnJ,[qHorrpo11ecHM cy6jeKTM 63

jei:vry )zy)KHOCT. HaMMe, ,n;pKHM cy ,n;a o caaKoj rrpoMeHM a,n;pece rrpeforna­

m1wra M 6opaBMIIITa o6aaecTe jaaHor TY)l(Mou;a MnM cy,n; rrpe,n; Koj11M ce
B0/:\11 KpMBJllqHJII IIOCTyrraK. Oaa o6aae3a je ycrrOCTaBJbeHa pa,n;M OMoryha­
Ba}ba ype,n;Hor II03MBalba OBJ1X nm.1;a M 6naroapeMeHor o6aaeIIITaBalba o
rrpaBJ1Ma KOja JIIM rrpMrra,n;ajy y KpMBJllqHOM IIOCTyrrKy.

2.3. IIpecrnHaK caojcrna OIIITeheHor Kao TY)KJ1ou;a

IlpecraHaK CBOjCTBa OIIITeheHor Kao TY)KMOu;a MO)Ke HaCTYIIMTJII y He­
KOllJ1KO 3aKOHOM rrpe,n;BM�eHJIIX cnyqajeaa. Ty crra,n;ajy: o,n;ycTaHaK o,n; OII­
T}')K6e, npey3MMalbe Kp]l[BJllqHOr rolbelba o,n; CTpaHe jaBHOr TY)KMOu;a J1
CMpT, 0,ll;HOCHO rrpecTaHaK rrpaBHOr nMu;a (qn. 60 3KII).
OrnreheHJII Kao TY)K]l[nau; MO)Ke CBOjOM M3jaBOM cy,n;y rrpe,n; KOjnM ce
BOAH IIOCTyrraK ,n;a o,n;ycrnHe o,n; OIITy)K6e ,n;o 3aBpIIIeTKa rnaBHOr rrpeTpeca
KJrn: rrperpeca rrpe,n; ,n;pyroCTerreHMM cy,n;oM. lifajaaa o o,n;ycTaHKY je Heo­
II03HBa M MO)Ke ,n;a ce ,n;a y m1caHoj <popMM MnM ycMeHO Ha 3aIIJ1CHJIIK (qn.
229 3KII). HaKOH ,n;aBalba l13jaae, OIIITeheHJII Kao TY)l(Mnau; ry6M CBOjCTBO
crpaHKe y KpMBJllqHoM IIOCTyrrKy. li1,n;eHTJllqHe rrpaBHe rrocne,n;Mu;e Hacrnjy
y cnyqajy ,n;a OIIITeheHJII HMje rrp11cyTaH Ha rrpMrrpeMHOM poqJIIIIITY MnM
rnaBH0M rrpeTpecy, a ype,n;Ho je II03BaH, 11nJ1 MY ce II03MB HMje Morao ypy­
iufTH 36or HerrpMjaBJbMBatt,a cy,n;y rrpoMeHe a,n;pece rrpe6J1aanJ1IIITa MnM
6opaBHII.ITa. Ta,n;a cy,n; ,ll;0HOCJII peIIIelbe O o6ycTaBJII IIOCTyrrKa, 0,ll;H0CHO
npecmy KojoM ce orrTy)K6a o,n;6Mja, jep ce cMaTpa ,n;a OIIITeheHM ttene ,n;a
sacraBH KpMBJ1qHO fOH,elbe.
Ao rrpecTaHKa caojcrna OIIITehettor Kao Ty)KJ1ou;a ,n;ona3M M rrpey3M­
MaH>eM KpMBJllqHor fOH,eH,a o,n; CTpaHe jaBHOf TY)KMOu;a. JaBHJII TY)KJll-
11� HMa rrpaao ,n;a ,n;o 3aBpIIIeTKa rnaattor npeTpeca rrpey3Me KpMBJ1qHo
ros,elbe M 3acryrratt,e orrTy)K6e (qn, 62 3KII). OaaKBa 3aKOHCKa Moryh­
BOCT je nornqHa rrocne,n;Mu;a OKOnH0CTJII ,n;a ce ,n;p)KaBa y ycTaHOBJII OIIITehe­
BOr Kao ry)KMou;a He o,n;pJ1qe caor npaaa Ka)KlbaBalba, aeh ra caMo rrpe­
BOCH Ha ornreheHor.99 Me�yTMM, Y cnyqajy IIOHOBHOr o,n;ycTaHKa jaBHOr
ry>KHou;a, OIIITeheHJII JIIMa rrpaBO ,n;a IIOHOBO rrpey3Me KpMBJllqHo f0H,elbe J1
sacryrralbe omy)K6e.

etHor 11m1 nocnoBHO Hecnoco6Hor ouneneHor, a cBoja rrpaBa y KpJl!BJl!'IHOM rrocTyrrKy MO)l(e
npeKo nyttoMonHJl!Ka ('-In. 56 3KIT).
SejaroB1-1n, C. (2014). Opus citatum, crp. 186.
 65
3aKOHOM je rroce6Ho perymi:caHa CMTyau;Mja y Kojoj OIIITeheHM rrop;Hece
Kp1'1BMqHy rrpMjaBy J1JIJ1 rrpep;Jior 3a KpMBJ1qHo rolbelbe, a TOKOM TIOCTyrrKa
ce yTBp;n;M ;n;a ce pa;n;M o KpMBJ1qHOM p;eJiy 3a Koje ce roHM no rrpMBaTHoj
T}')l<6M. y TOj CJ.1Tyau;J1jJ1 ce KpMBJ1qHa rrpMjaBa J1JIJ1 npep;Jior 3a KpMBJ1qHo
roH>eH>e CMaTpajy 6JiaroBpeMeHOM rrpMBaTHOM Ty)K60M, aKO je rro;n;HeTa y
poKy rrpe;n;BMl)eHOM 3a nop;HOIIIelbe OBOr OIITY)l(HOf aKTa.
Iloce6Ho je ypel)eHa MoryhHOCT IIO)J;HOIIIeH>a rrpoTJ1BTY)K6e op; CTpaHe
OKpHBJbeHor rrpoTMB Kora je rrop;HeTa rrpMBaTHa Ty)K6a, aKo je rrp1rnaT­
HJ1 TY)KMJiau; J1CTOM rrpM71J1KOM yqMHJ10 KpMBJ1qHo ;n;eJio Koje ce fOHJ1 TIO
npMBaTHoj Ty)l(6J1 rrpeMa OKpMBlbeHOM (Hrrp. Y3BpaheHa yBpep;a). PoK 3a
ynaralbe npoTMBTy)K6e HMje BpeMeHCKM orpaHJ1qeH, aJIM je rrpeu;11311paH
npou;ecHM TpeHyTaK ;n;o Ka;n;a ce oHa MO)l(e yJIO)KJ1TJ1, a Be3yje ce 3a 3aB­
prneraK rnaBHOr rrpeTpeca. C ofoMpOM Ha TO p;a ce y jep;HOM KpMBJ1qHOM
nocryrrKy op;nyqyje o rrp11BaTHoj Ty)K6J1 11 npoTJ1BTy)K611, cyp; he p;oHeTM
jeAHY o,n;JiyKy o o6a orrTy)l(Ha aKTa.

3.2. I1paBHJ1 IIOJIO)Kaj npMBaTHOr TY)l(MOu;a

IlpaBHJ1 TIOJIO)Kaj rrpMBaTHOr TY)Kl10qa KapaKTep111IIe 3aKOHOM rrpep;­
a111)eHJ1 CKyrr rrpaBa l1 p;y)KHOCTJ1 y KpMBJ1qHOM rrocTyrrKy. YrnaBHOM cy y
Ill1Talby npaBa Koja ce rapaHTyjy OIIITeheHOM, aJIJ1 IIOCTOje J1 OHa KOja ce
noce6Ho Be3yjy 3a rrp11BaTHOr TY)KMOu;a. C p;pyre CTpaHe, 3aKOHOp;aBau; J1
y OBOM rnyqajy nona3M op; rrpeTrrocTaBKe p;a rropep; eKCIIJIMLI;MTHO Hasep;e­
HIDC npaBa, npMBaTHOM TY)KMOqy npM3Haje J1 CBa rrpaBa KOja rrpMnap;ajy
jaBHOM TY)KJ10u;y, OCJ1M OHJ1X Koja jaBHJ1 TY)KJ1Jiau; J1Ma Kao p;p)KaBHJ1 op­
raH (qn. 64, er. 2 3KI1).
Iloce6Hy Tia)Klby 3acny)l(yjy rnep;eha rrpaBa rrpMBaTHOr TY)l(Mou;a: p;a
no,n;Hece M 3acTyrra rrpMBaTHY Ty)K6y; p;a rrop;Hece npep;Jior M p;oKa3e 3a
OCTBap:i;rnaH>e J1MOBJ1HCKOrrpaBHOr 3axTeBa J1 p;a rrpep;JIO)KJ1 rrp11BpeMeHe
Mepe sa H>eroBo o6e36el)eH>e; p;a aHra)Kyje rryHOMOilHMKa M3 pep;a ap;Bo­
Kara M npep;y311Ma p;pyre pap;lhe Kap;a je TO op;pel)etto 3KI1 (q71_ 64, CT. 1
3KI1). ITopep; OBMX rrpaBa, rrpMBaTHM TY)KJ1J1au; MMa rrpaBo rrpep;JiaraH>a
AOKa3a J1 yqeCTBOBaH>a y lbJ1XOBOM J13B01)elby; rrpaBo p;a pa3MaTpa CTIMCe
11 npe;n;Mere KojM Mory norny)KJ1TJ1 Kao p;oKa3; rrpaBo p;a 6yp; e o6aBeIIITeH
0 npe,u;y3MMaH>y p;oKa3HJ1X pap;lbM J1 p;a rrpMcycTByje npM lbJ1XOBOM J13-
aol)efuy; rrpaBo .n;a 6yp;e o6aBeIIITeH o op;p)KaBaH>y rnaBHor rrpeTpeca J1JIJ1
ceAHmi;e Bena MJIM rrpeTpeca rrpep; p;pyrocTerreHMM cyp;oM J1 p;pyra rrpaBa.
J:(y)KHOCT npMBaTHor TY)KJ1ou;a, lberoBor 3aKOHCKor 3acTynHJ1Ka M rry­
HOMOI1HJ1Ka jecTe p;a o csaKoj npoMeHM ap;pece rrpe6J1BaJ1J1lllTa J1JIJ1 6opa­
a11rnra o6asecre jaBHOr TY)KMOu;a MJIM cyp; rrpep; KojMM ce BOp;M KpMBJ1qH11
nocrynaK. I1p11BaTHJ1 TY)KJ1J1au; je p;y)KaH p;a HaKHap;J1 TPOlllKOBe KpMBJ1q-
66 AneKcaH,n;ap BollIKOBMn, Talha Kernli.: Kpuau"IHO npou,erno npaao
HOf IIOCTynKa, Hy)l(He 113,D;aTKe OKp11BJbeHOf, HY)I(He J13)];aTKe J1 Harpal\Y
lf>erOBOf 6paH110:u;a J1 IIyttOMOhH11Ka, Kao J1 Harpa.n;y BeUITaKa J1 CTp)"IHOf
caBeTHJ1Ka, aKo je rrocTyrraK o6ycrnsJbeH mrn je orrTy)K6a o.n;611jeHa, 1uu1 je
0Kp11BJbeH11 ocrro6ol)eH orrTy)K6e. I1p11BaTHJ1 TY)KJ1Jia:u; he 611T11 orno6ol)eH
.n;y)l(HOCTJ1 p;a HaKHap;11 TPOllIKOBe Kp11BJ1qHor IIOCTynKa aKO je .n;o o6ycra­
Be IIOCTynKa J1JIJ1 o.n;611jalf>a orrTy)K6e p;OllIJIO 36or CMpT11 OKp11BJbeHor mrn
36or HacTynalba 3acrnperrocT11 Kp11B11qHor rolf>elf>a ycrre.n; o.n;yroBJiaqeH>a
IIOCTynKa KOje ce He MO)Ke rrp111111caTJ1 y Kp11B11IJ;Y rrp11BaTHOr TY)KJ10:u;a.

3.3. ITpecTaHaK CBOjCTBa rrp11BaTHOf TY)Kl10IJ;a

OBJrnlllheHOM JI11:u;y MO)Ke rrpecTaTJ1 CBOjCTBO rrp11BaTHOf TY)KJ10�a y
p;Ba rnyqaja: p;aBalf>eM 113jaBe o o.n;ycrnHKY op; p;alber rolbelba 11 rryTeM 3a­
KOHCKe npecyMrr:u;11je o o.n;ycTaHKY op; Ty)K6e.
I1p11BaTHJ.1 TY)KJ.1Jia:u; MO)Ke o.n;ycrnT11 op; Ty)K6e p;aBalbeM M3jaBe npe,q
cyp;oM p;o 3aBpllleTKa rrraBHOr rrpeTpeca (qrr. 61, CT. 1 3KI1). J13jaBa o op;y­
CTaHKY je Heorro311Ba, a pa3JI03J.1 3a o.n;ycraHaK op; Ty)K6e H11cy peneBaHT­
HJ.1 11 He yHoce ce y cyp;CKy op;rryKy. Cyp;CKa o.n;nyKa Koja ce p;0Hoc11 36or
o.n;ycrnHKa rrp11BaTHOr TY)KJ.10:u;a op; Ty)K6e 3aB11c11 op; cpa3e Kp11BJ1qHor
rrocTynKa y Kojoj p;ona311 .n;o o.n;ycTaHKa. AKo rrpirnaTHJ.1 TY)KJ1Jiau; o.n;y­
cTaHe op; Ty)K6e Ha rnaBHOM rrpeTpecy, cy.n; he p;oHeTJ.1 rrpecy.n;y KojoM ce
orrTy)K6a o.n;611ja, p;oK he y CBJ1M ocTaJIJ1M crryqajeBMMa p;oHeTJ.1 pelllelbe o
o6ycTaBJ.1 Kp11BJ1qHor IIOCTynKa.
I1ocne.n;11:u;e o.n;ycrnHKa op; Ty)K6e cBop;e ce Ha ry611TaK rrpaBa .n;a rroHo­
BO nop;Hece rrp11BaTHY Ty)K6y 110 J1CTOj Kp11BJ1qHoj CTBap11 J1 Ha p;y)KHOCT
.n;a Hap;OKHap;11 TPOllIKOBe Kp11B11qHor rroCTynKa, y3 MoryhHOCT .n;a ce ca
OKpJ1BJbeHJ1M rropaBHa y rrorrrep;y H,J1XOBJ1X Mel)yco6HJ1X TpOllIKOBa ('IJI.
265, CT. 3 3KI1).
,IJ,pyr11 crryqaj rrpeCTaHKa CBOjCTBa rrp11BaTHOf TY)KJ.10:u;a HacTyna KaAa
rrpMBaTHJ.1 TY)KJ.1Jia:u; J1 lbefOB rryHOMOhHMK He .n;ol)y Ha rrraBHJ1 rrperpec
Ha KOjJ1 cy ypep;Ho II03BaHJ1, a J130CTaHaK He orrpaBp;ajy. Y OBOM cnyqajy
Ba)KJ.1 3aKOHCKa rrpeTIIOCTaBKa .n;a je rrp11BaTHJ1 TY)KJ1Jia:u; o.n;ycrno op; Ty)K-
6e (qrr. 379, CT. 3 11 qrr. 505, CT. 5 3KI1).

IV OIIITE'liEHJ1 Y KPMB:VP-IHOM IIOCTYIIKY

1. IlojaM If CBOjCTBa omTelieHOI'

IlpeMa 3aKOHCKOj .n;eq>J.1HJ.1IJ;J.1jJ1, OlllTeheHJ.1 je JI11u;e q11je je JIJ1qHO J1JIH

J1MOBJ1HCKO rrpaBO Kp11BJ1qHJ1M p;eJIOM IIOBpel)eHO J.1JIJ.1 yrpo)KeHO ( 'IJI. 2,
CT. 1, T. 11 3KI1). Y JIJ1qHa rrpaBa crra.n;ajy rrpaBO Ha )KJ1BOT, rrpaBO Ha IICH-
 Kp11BJ1qHonpou;ectt11 cy6jeKTvr 67
XJ1qKJ1 H <pJ13J1qKJ1 J1HTerpHTeT, rrpaBO Ha CJI06o,n;y J1 6e36e,n;HOCT, rrpaBO
Ha rrpHBaTHOCT, CJI06o,n;y H3pa)KaBalba J1 ,n;p. l1MOBJ1HCKa rrpaBa o6yxBa­
njy crnapHa J1 o6JIHraQHOHa rrpaBa, JKlbyqyjytrn H HMOBHHCKa ayTOpcKa
rrpaBa H rrpaBo Ha HaKHa,n;y IIITeTe. Heorrxo,n;aH ycnoB 3a CTHQalbe CBojcrna
ornTenettor jeCTe M3BpIIIefue KpHBJ1qHor ,n;ena, IIITO 3a rrorne,n;HQY MO)Ke
HMaTH ITOBpe,n;y J1JIJ1 yrpo)KaBalbe HeKor o,n; 3aIIITJ1THMX ,n;o6apa. l1Haqe,
OlllTeneHJ1 MO)Ke 6J1TJ1 <pl13J1qKO J1 rrpaBHO JIJ1Qe.
Ha OBOM MeCTy Tpe6a HarJiaCJ1TJ1 Ba)KHOCT pa3JIJ1KOBalba rrojMa
OlIITeneHOf y KpHBvfqHOI1pOQeCHOM CMHCJIY O,Il; ITOjMa OIIITeneHOf y KpM­
BJ.1'IHOIIpaBHOM CMHCJIY, O,Il;HOCHO rraCHBHOf cy6jeKTa KpJ1BJ1qHor ,n;ena
1111m )KpTBe KpJ1BJ1qHor ,n;ena. KpHBJ1qHorrpoQeCHJ1 rrojaM ouJTeneHor je
MHOro nrnpH, C ofoMpOM Ha TO ,n;a ce rro,n; rrojMOM OIIITeneHOf rro,n;pa3y­
MeBa KaKO nacl1BHJ1 cy6jeKT Kpl1BJ1qHor ,n;ena, TaKO 11 llll1Pl1 Kpyr JIJ1u;a
KOja Mory y3eTJ1 yqeIIIne y KpJ1BJ1qHOM rroCTyrrKy y 3aKOHOM rrpe,n;BM�e­
HHM cnyqajeBHMa. IOI I1oje,n;HHJi1 Kpli1BJ1qHorrpoQeCHJ1 3aKOHJ1 rrope,n; rrojMa
ornTehettor no3Hajy H nojaM )Kprne, IIITo y ,n;oManeM rrpaBy HHje cnyqaj,
Map;a Y TeOpHjH ITOCTOje 3afOBOpH1i1Qli1 OBaKBOf pernelba. 102
Kao IIITO CMO paHHje yKa3aJIJ1, OlIITeneHH y KpHBJi1qHOM rrocTyrrKy
MO)Ke J1MaTJ1 pa3JIJ1qJi1Ta CBOjCTBa. 0rnTeneHJi1 MO)Ke yqecTBOBaTH y rro­
CTynKy y CBojcrny CTpaHKe, O,Il;HOCHO cyncM,n;HjapHor J1JIJ1 rrpHBaTHOf Ty­
)l{HOQa, no,n;HOCHOQa npe,n;nora 3a Kp1i1BJ1qHo fOlbelbe M J1MOBJi1HCKOI1paB­
HOr 3axTeBa, J1 cBe,n;oKa. CnyqajeBvt y KojHMa ce ornTeneHM rrojaBJbyje y
CBOjcTBy cyncJ1,n;J1japHOf TY)KHOQa, rrpHBaTHOf TY)KJ10Qa J1JIJ1 Kao rro,n;­
HOCHJian; npe,n;nora 3a Kp1i1BJ1qHo rofuefue o,n; KJbyqHor cy 3Haqaja 3a no­
KpeTatt,e Ji1 BO�elbe Kpli1BJi1qHor IIOCTYITKa, jep y o,n;cycrny aKTJi1BHOCTJi1
OlIITeneHOf J1JIJi1 fuefOBOf 3aKOHCKOf 3aCTynHMKa Ji1Jlli1 ITyttOMOilHJ1Ka, Kpli1-
Bl1'IHH nocTynaK He 6M 6Mo Moryh. C ,n;pyre CTpaHe, Ka,n;a ce onITeneHM
y Kp111BJ1tIHOM IlOCTYIIKY rrojaBJbyje Kao rro,n;HOCMJiaQ Ji1MOBJi1HCKOI1paBHOf
3ax:TeBa, OH,n;a je Ta 1.IJ1lbeHJi1Qa Ji1CKJbyqJ1BO o,n; 3Haqaja 3a OCTBapMBafue
H>eroBMX npaBa M HeMa YTMQaja Ha Kp1i1B.J1qH.J1 rrocTynaK. YorrrnTe, yqeIIIne
OlIITeheHOf y KpHBJi1qHoM ITOCTYIIKY ,n;MpeKTHO je yrnoBJbeHO lbefOBOM
BOJbOM, OCJ1M Ka,n;a ce y Kpli1BJ1tIHOM IIOCTynKy rrojaBJbyje y CBojcrny CBe­
AOKa. C o63HpOM Ha TO ,n;a CMO O cyncH,n;HjapHOM l1 np11BaTHOM TY)KHOQY
seh roBopHJIH, y ,n;aJbeM H3Jiaralby cpoKycMpaneMo ce Ha ornTeneHor Kao
nop;HOCMOI(a npe,n;nora 3a KpHBMqHo rolbefue H oBnarnneHor cy6jeKTa Ha
nop;HOllleH,e J1MOBJ1HCKOIIpaBHOf 3axTeBa. ,IJ;eTaJbHO l13Jiaralbe O rrpaBHOM
101 Y m!Tal-by cy cny,i- ajem1 y KOjJ.1Ma ce rrarnBHM cy6jeKT He MO)l(e rrojasMTJ.1 y KpnswrnoM nocTyrrKy.
102 XpsaTcKJ.1 3aKOH o Ka3HeHOM nocTynKy no3Haje o6a nojMa. Ilo,n; nojMOMJtCpmee no,n;pa3yMesa
JIH(1e Koje 36or Y'!ltibeHor KpHBH'!HOr ,n;ena TpnH q>H3H'!Ke M ,n;yrn eBHe norne,n;m-1e, J.'IMOBHHCKY
wrery 11m1 611rHy nospe,n;y ocHOBHHX npasa H cno6o,n;a (qn. 202, CT. 2, T. 11). OwmeFzeHu je )l(pTBa
H Apyro n111-1e '!lilje je HeKO mf'lHO MnJ.1 11MOBMHCKO rrpaso rrospel)eHO MJIM yrpo)l(eHO Kp11B11'!HJ.1M
AenoM, a yqecrsyje y csojcrny ornrehettor y KpMBM'!HOM nocryrrKy (<In. 202, CT. 2, T. 12). ,,HapooHe
HOBUHe", 6p. 152/2008, 76/2009, 80/2011, 121/2011, 91/2012, 143/2012, 56/2013 H 145/2013.
68 AneKcaH,n;ap EollIKOBMh, Tatt,a Kernh: Kpuau"IHO npou,erno npaao

IIOJIO)Kajy OUITeheHOf y CBOjCTBY CBep;OKa 6Hhe y<IHH>eHO y 0KB:ttpy J13Jia­

ralba O HCTOHMeHoj p;oKa3HOj pap;H>H.

1. 1. OrnTehem-1 Kao rrop;HOCHnau; rrpe.o;nora 3a KpHBwrno rolbeH>e

IIo.o;HorneH>e rrpe.o;nora 3a KpHBwrno rott,eH>e Moryhe je y op;Hocy Ha
KpHBJ-1qHa ,n;ena 3a Koja je jaBHH TY)KHJiau; .o;y)KaH ,n;a rrpep;y3Me KpHBJ1qHo
roH>eH>e caMo Ha ocHoBy rrpe.o;nora ornTeheHor. 103 ,[J;aKne, y rrHTalhY cy Kp11-
BJ1qHa .o;ena Koja ce roHe ex officio, anH je KpHBHqHo rolbelbe yrnoBJbeHo
carnacHornli.y ornTehettor. 104 3aKoHo,n;aBau; o.o;pel)yje poK 3a rrop;HoilleHie
rrpe.o;nora 3a Kpl1BJ-1qHO fOlbeH>e Ha Hp;eHTMqaH HaqMH Kao KO)]; rrpHBaTHe
Ty)K6e, orpaHMqasajyhH ra Ha 3 Meceu;a op; p;aHa Kap;a je ornTeheHM ca3Hao
3a KpHBJ1qHO .o;eno M ocyMH,J1qeHOf.
I1oce6Ho je ypeljeHa CJ,1Tyau;J1ja y Kojoj ornTeneHJ1, yMecTO .o;a rrop;Hece
rrpep;nor 3a KpMBJ1qHo roH>eH>e, rrop;Hece KpMBHqHy rrpMjaBy HJIH rrpep;nor
3a OCTBapHBaH>e J1MOBHHCKOIIpaBHOf 3axTeBa y Kpl1BJ-1qHQM IIOCTyrrKy.
Ta.o;a he ce rroli.H op; rrpeTrrocTaBKe p;a je THMe rrop;Heo J1 rrpe.o;nor 3a Kp11-
m1qHo roH>eH>e. TaKolje, 6naroBpeMeHo rrop;HeTa rrpirnaTHa Ty)K6a cMa­
Tpahe ce 6naronpeMeHo rrop;HeTMM rrpe.o;noroM 3a KpHBJ1qHo roH>elbe, aKo
ce y T0KY nocTyrrKa yTBp,n;H ,n;a ce pap;M o KpHBWIHOM p;eny 3a Koje ce roH11
no npe,n;nory. YKOJIMKO je J13BprneH>eM KpMBJ1qHQf ,n;ena OillTeneHO BHIIIe
nMu;a, rolbeH>e he ce npep;y3eTH, op;HOCHO HaCTaBMTH no npe,n;nory 6wno
KOf OillTeheHOf (qJI. 53 3KI1).
OrnTeheHH Koju je no,n;Heo npe,n;nor 3a KpHBJ.1qHo roH>eH>e MMa npaBo
cno6op;Hor pacrronaralba npe,n;noroM, TaKo ,n;a o,n; H>era MO)Ke p;a o,n;ycraHe
H3jaBOM p;aTOM jaBHOM TY)KM0u;y HajKaCHMje ,n;o 3aBpilleTKa rnaBHOf rrpe­
Tpeca, qJ1Me ry6M npaBo ,n;a npe.o;nor nop;Hece noHOBO.

1.2. OrnTeneHM KaO Il0,lJ;HOCHJiau; J1MOBMHCKOilpaBHOf 3axTeBa

Je,n;Ho o,n; Haj3HaqajHMjHX npaBa OillTeheHor y KpHBJ1qHOM Il0CT)'TIKY
jecTe npaBO Ha rrop;HOilleH>e J.1M0BJ1HCKOnpaBHOf 3aXTeBa, KOjMM MO)Ke
Tpa)KMTH o.o;peljeHM BMp; caTMccpaKu;Mje 36or norne,n;Mu;a Koje je npeTprreo
J.13BprneH>eM KpHBJ1qHor .o;ena. C-:i:ora M0)KeMO fOBOpMTJ.1 0 jorn jep;HOM
CBOjCTBY OillTCilCHOf, OBOra nyTa Kao IlO,ll;HOCMOu;a J1M0BJ1HCKOIIpaBHOf
3axTeBa.
103 Ha np11Mep, KpMB1'1'lH0 Aeno yrnje KaAa cy yTajeHe crnap1'1 y csoj1'1Hl1 rpal)atta ('ln. 207, CT. 6
K3), ocH0BH1'1 o6n1'1K Kp1-rnwrnor Aena 3eneHau1TBa (•rn. 217, CT. 4 K3) 1'1 AP·
104 Oso peU1eH,e je y cKnaAy ca npenopyKoM KoM1-1Tern M11H11cTapa Casern Espone o
nojeAH0CTas/beH,y Kp11sl1'lH0r noCTynKa, KojoM ce anenyje Ha nosehatbe 6poja cnriajesa y Koj11Ma
je noKpernH,e Kp1'1B1'1'IHOr r0H,eH,a ycnon/beHo carnaCHoruhy lKpTBe, Hapo'Il1T0 KaAa jaBHl1 l11iTepec
Hl1je A0M1'1HaHTaH. Recommendation No. R (87)18 of the Committee oj Ministers to Member States
Concerning the Simplification of Criminal Justice.
HO npaao Kp11BJ1'-IHOnpo�ecHJ1 cy6jeKT11 69
r OKBMPY 11srra- !1MOB11HCKOilpaBHH 3axTeB KOjl1 je HaCTaO yrnep; l13BpIIIelba KpHBH'I­
HOr p;eJia HJIH rrponrnnpaaHor p;erra Koje je y saKoHy o.n;pet)eHo Kao Kp:n­
BH'IHO p;eJio, pacrrpaatthe ce Ha npep;Jior oarraIIIneHttx 1rnu;a y KpttattqHoM
m roHielhe nocrynKy aKo ce THMe He 611 3HaTHO o.n;yroarra"l:no oaaj noCTyrraK. MMo­
BHHCKonpaBHH 3axTeB MO)I(e ce O)];HOCHTH Ha HaKHap;y IIITeTe, rroapahaj
e y op;Hocy Ha CTBapM tt IIOHHIIITaj o.n;pet)eHor npaBHOr IIOCJia (qJI, 252 3KII).
3Me KpHBJ1qHo 3axTeB 3a HaKHap;y IIITeTe MO)I(e ce O)];HOCHTH Ha HaKHap;y MaTepttjaJIHe
i1TaHiy cy Kp11- 11 HeMarepttjaJIHe IIITeTe Kojy je rrttu;e nperprrerro ycrrep; :nsapIIIelha Kptt­
lbe ycnoaJbeHo Bl1'1Hor ,1:1eJia (Hrrp. HaKHap;a MaTepttjarrHe IIITeTe y CJIY"!ajy TerrecHe noape­
1a rrop;HOIIIeH>e Ae 11 HapyIIIelha sp;paalI>a sa rpoIIIKOBe rreqelha, Hecnoco6HocTH sa pap;
KO)]; rrpttBaTHe
y OApel)eHOM apeMeHCKOM rrep110.n;y, Kao H HaKHap;a HeMaTepttjaJIHe IllTe­
TeneHJ1 Ca3HaO re 36or rrpeTpIIlI>eHHX qm311qKHX J1 p;yIIIeBHHX 6orroaa, Hapy)I(eHOCTH H
Ap,). 105 Ka,1:1a je peq o noapahajy crnap:n, 0611qHo ce HMa y Bttp;y IIITeTa Koja
TO p;a nop;Hece je ttacraJia Ha HMOBHHH H q11je ce o6eIIITenelhe o6es6e1)yje rroapahajeM
y mm rrpep;rror OAy3ere craaptt (Hnp. yKpap;eHa yMeTHHqKa CJIHKa H rn.). Hajsap;, HMO­
IOM IIOCTynKy. B11HCKorrpaBHH 3axTeB ce MO)I(e O)];HOCHTH H Ha IIOHHIIITaj npaBHOf IlOCJia
>ep;Jior sa Kp11- KOj11 je pe3y71TaT H3BpIIIeHor KpHBHqHor p;erra (Hnp. KO)]; KpHBHqHor p;erra
[a Ty)I(6a CMa- AB06paqHOCTH, 3axTeB 3a IlOHHIIITaj p;pyror 3aKlI>Y"!eHOr 6paKa TOKOM
0 rolhelhe, aKo rpajatt,a rrpaor 6paKa H .n;p).
1a Koje ce roH11 ):(aKJie, TPH cy OCHOBHa ycrroaa 3a pacnpaBlI>alhe O HMOBHHCKonpaBHOM
lITeneHO Bl1IIIe 3axreBy y KpHBHqHOM nocTyrrKy. IIpBH yrnoB jecTe p;a je HMOBHHCKOnpaB­
lpep;Jiory forno H113axTeB HaCTaO ycrrep; H3BpIIIelba KpHBHqHor p;erra HJIH npOTHBnpaBHOr
Aerra Koje je y saKoHy op;pel)eHo Kao KpJ-rnHqHo p;eno. ,IJ;pyr:n ycnoa jecTe
lf,e HMa rrpaao ):la rrocrojtt rrpep;Jior oarraIIIneHor rrttu;a jep cy.n; He MO)I(e p;ocyp;ttTH HMO­
:e p;a op;ycTaHe BHHCKonpaBHH saxTeB 6es npep;rrora oarraIIIneHor mi:u;a. 106 Cyp; HHKap;a
1 maBHor npe- He pacnpaalba O HMOBHHCKorrpaBHOM 3axTeay IIO CJiy)I(6eHoj p;y)I(HOCTH,
arrH je ,1:1y)I(aH .n;a oarrarnneHo mi:u;e o6aaecni: p;a HMOBHHCKonpaBHH 3ax­
ren MO)Ke rrop;HeTH .n;o saapIIIeTKa maaHor rrpeTpeca. Tpehtt ycrroa jeCTe
ttajsa)KHHjH, HMajytm y a11p;y p;a he 11 rropep; 11crrylbettocrJ1 rrperxop;HHX
ycrrosa O HMOBJ1HCKOrrpaBHOM 3axTeay 6J1TJ1 OAJIY"!eHo caMO aKO ce THMe
[OM IIOCTYIIKY He 6M 3HaTHO op;yroarraqvro KpHBJ1qHJ1 IIOCTyrraK.
, KOjl1M MO)Ke Y reopttjH rrocTOjvr MHIIIlI>eH>e npeMa KojeM pacrrpaBlI>alhe o HMOBMH­
e je rrpeTprreo CKorrpaBHOM 3aXTeBy, Kojvr je cnopep;HH (ap;xe3l10Hl1) y KpHBJ1qHQM IIO­
o jorn jep;HOM crynKy, He 6vr cMerro y rrome.n;y apeMeHa vr yrpoIIIeHvrx pecypca vr Kanau;vr­
IHCKOrrpaBHOr rera p;a npeBasvrt)e pacrrpaBlI>aH>e o OCHOBHoj KpHBJ1qHoj crnapvr. 107 Ynpa-
oatta(qn,207,CT.6 105 3aKOH O 06nwra11J.10HJ.1M O)IHOCJ.1Ma, KOjJ.1 6m,1)Ke ypel)yje OBY MaTepwjy, y 'In. 155 UJTeTy
OApel)yje Kao yMatt,ett,e Heqwje J.1MOBJ.1He (061,1•1tta uJTern) 11 cnpe•iaaaH>e tt,eHor noaehatba
Caaern Eapone o (113MaKna 110611T), Kao 11 HattoUJett,e <j)113w1Kor 1,1711,1 nc11XJ.1qKor 6ona 1,11111 C'rpaxa (tteMaTepMjantta
:n)"lajeaa y KojwMa wrera) 11pyr0Me. ,,CnyJ1C6eHu nucm CCPPf', 6p. 29/1978, 39/85, 45/1989 - 011nyKa YCJ w 57/1989,
a11a jaam1 WR Tepee .OiyJ1C6eHu nucm CPf', 6p. 31/1993 11 ,,CnyJ1C6eHu nucm CL{r', 6p. 1/2003 - Ycrnatta noaelha.
i to Member States 106 BI,11111 ITpecy11y Bpxoattor cy)J.a Cpfo1je, K)K I.6p. 760/2008 OA 5.Maja 2008. ro)J,11He.
107 11mm, r. rr.et al. (2013). Opus citatum, CTp. 551.
 70 AneKcatt,n:ap oOlllKOBHh, TaH,a KeCJ1h: Kpuaw-11-1.0 npou,eC1-1.o npaao

BO rro3JrnaH>eM Ha oBaj ycnoB, cy,n;oBM rrpeqecTo M 6e3 orrpaBl];aHor pa3-

nora Ol];JiyqMBaH>e O J1MOBJ1HCKOIIpaBHOM 3axTeBy rrpeHoce Ha rrapHJ1qHJ1
rrocTyrraK. OBaKBMM rrocTyrraH>eM ocyjehyje ce MCIIYffiaBaH>e jeAHOr op;
OCHOBHMX rrpaBa OIIITeheHor, CTBapajy MY ce l];O)];aTHJ1 Tp0IIIKOBJ1 y Be3J1 ca
IIOKpeTaH>eM J1 BOQeFf>eM rrapHJ1qHor IIOCTYIIKa BeIIITaqelf>eM rrpeTprr7be­
HJ1X rroBpeAa M rrpJ1qJ1Ff>eHe rnTeTe,108 M3Jia)Ke ce peaKTMBMpaH>y TpayMe
Kpo3 rrpo�ec AOKa3MBaFf>a M cycpeT ca oKpMBJbeHMM (Ty)KeHMM y rrapmiq­
HOM IIOCTyrrKy), KOjM je ca)];a y paBHOIIpaBHOM IIOJIO)Kajy ca OIIITeheHMM
(Ty)KMO�eM Y rrapHJ1qHOM rrocTyrrKy). 109
OBnarnheHJ1 IlO,D;HOCMJia� J1M0BJ1HCK011paBH0r 3axTeBa y KpJ1BJ1lIH0M
rrocTyrrKy je JIM�e Koje je oBnarnheHo !];a TaKaB 3axTeB ocTBapyje y rrap­
HJ1qHoM rrocTyrrKy. To 3Haq11 6mm Koje <pM3J1qKo MJIM rrpaBHO JIM�e M APY-
• fJ1 OBJiarnheHM cy6jeKTJ1 KOjM ce y rrapHJ1qHOM IIOCTyrrKy Mory rrojaBMTH
y CBojcTBy cTpaHKe (qn. 74 3aKoHa o rrapHMqHoM rrocTyrrKy). IToce6Ho je
ypeQeHO IIMTaH,e rrpaBa Ha IIOl];HO IIIeH,e J1MOBJ1HCK0IIpaBHOr 3axTeBa aKO
je ycne)]; KpMBJ1qHor )];ena ornTeheHa jaBHa CBojMHa, Te je rrpeABMQeHo ,n:a
opraH 3aKOHOM OBJiarnheH )];a ce CTapa O 3aIIITJ1TJ1 Te CBOjMHe MO)Ke )];a
yqecTByje y KpMBJ1qHOM IIOCTyrrKy (jaBHJ1 rrpaBo6paHMJia�).
½MOBJ1HCKOIIpaBHJ1 3axTeB ce IIOl];H0CJ1 opraHy rrocTyrrKa (IIOJIM�Mja,
jaBHM TY)KMJia�, cyA MJIM APYrM !];p)KaBHM opraH rrpeA KOjMM ce BOAM rro­
cTyrraK), HajKaCHMje AO 3aBprneTKa rrraBHOr rrpeTpeca rrpeA rrpBocTerre­
HMM cy)];OM (qJI. 254, CT. 2 3KIT). fIOl];HOCMJia� J1MOBJ1HCKOIIpaBHOr 3ax­
TeBa Mopa o)];peQeHo )];a 03HaqJ1 CBoj 3axTeB, rrpe CBera y rrorrreAy BpcTe
J1 BJ1CJ1He IllTeTe J1 HaqJ1Ha H>eHe Ha)];OKHa)];e, Kao J1 !];a IIO)];Hece 0/];fOBa­
pajyhe ,u;oKa3e O TOMe.110 ITpH o,u;nyqMBaH,y O J1MOBJ1HCKOIIpaBHOM 3axTeBy
cy,u; ce Kpehe y rpaHM�aMa rroCTaBJbettor 3axTeBa, KOjM ce MO)Ke MeFf>aTJ1
,u;o 3aBprneTKa rnaBHor rrpeTpeca. OBnarnheHa JIM�a Mory ,u;o 3aBprneTKa
rnaBHOr rrpeTpeca OAYCTaTM o,u; MMOBMHCKOIIpaBHOr 3axTeBa y KpMBJ1q­
HOM rrocTyrrKy M ocTBapMBaTM ra y rrapHJ1qHOM rrocTyrrKy, c TMM )];a ce
J1MOBJ1HCKOIIpaBHJ1 3axTeB He MO)Ke II0HOB0 IIO)];HeTM. YKOJIMKO J1M0BJ1H­
CK0IIpaBHJ1 3axTeB rrorne IIOAH0illeH>a, a rrpe 3aBprneTKa rnaBHor rrpeTpe-
108 Y napHWIH0M nocTynKy, cTpaHKa Koja npe1-1na)Ke seuJTaY.efue Mopa YHanpe1-1 06e36e1-1ttrn
TP0lllKOBe Ha J1Me selllTaY.eH,a (Y.n. 260, CT. 3 3aKOHa o napHMY.H0M nocTynKy, ,,CnyJfC6eHU znaCHUK
PC', 6p. 72/2011, 49/2013 - oi:inyKa YC, 74/2013 - 01-1nyKa YC 11 55/2014).
109 Hecel;l3MT11BaH 0/.IH0C cy1-1a npeMa )KPTBJ1 Kp11B11Y.H0r 1-1ena no npasttny A0B0AJ1 AO Tora
1-1a ce )KpTBa oceha 3aHeMapeH0M M J1CKOpttwheHOM. HaJ1Me, r1e1UheM y KpMBJ1Y.H0M noCTynKy,
)KpTBa n0Ma)l(e y pa3pelllefuy 01-1peljeHe KpMBM'lHe CTBap11 T11Me lllT0 ce 113Jla)Ke npe1-1y3J1Man,y
01-1pel)em1x A0Ka3HHX paAH,M, Kao WT0 je cse1-10Y.efue, ys111)aj, Y3MMafue 01-1rosapajyh11x y3opaKa 11
en., a 3ay3spaT He M0)Ke ocrnapJ1TJ1 HJ1 eneMeHTapHtt 3axTeB 3a HaKHaAy lllTeTe Kojy je npeTpnena
l13BpllleH,eM KpMBMY.H0r 1-1ena.
110 OlllTeheHl1 M0pa 1-1a 03HaY.J/l CBOj 3axTeB l1 1-1a Hase1-1e Koj11 0/.1 06n11Ka J/lM0Bl1HCK0ilpaBH0r
3axTeBa Il0CTaBlba, 0CH0B 3axTesa, 1-1a npe�J/l3l1pa l13H0C HaKHa1-1e lllTeTe Kojy IlOTpa)Kyje 11 1-1a
npy)Kl1 3a TO 01-1rosapajyhe 1-10Ka3e, a cy1-1 Mopa OMoryhHTl1 0Kp11slbeH0M 1-1a ce M3jactt11 y norne1-1y
l1M0Bl1HCK0ITpaBH0r 3axTeBa, KaK0 0CH0BaHOCTJ/l TaK0 J1 fuerose Bl1Cl1He. Peruefue BpxOBHOf cy1-1a
Cpfo1je, K)K. I 1198/2008 01-122. 1-1e�eM6pa 2008. r0AMHe.
 KpttBwrnonpou;ecm1 cy6jeKTM 71

ca npel)e Ha ;r:r;pyro mu.:i;e no rrpaBJ1m1Ma J1MOBJ1HCKor rrpaBa, II03Bane ce

10 mu.\e pa;r:r;w J13jaIIIH>eI-ba ;r:r;a JIJ1 ocTaje rrpw rrop;HeTOM 3axTeBy. AKo ce
ypel);HO rro3BaHw He op;a3oBe, cMaTpane ce p;a je o;r:r;ycTao op; rrocTaBJbeHor
HMOBHHCKOrrpaBHOr 3axTeBa (':IJI. 255, CT. 2 3KII).
YKOJH1KO je J1MOBJ1HCKOrrpaBHJ1 3aXTeB IIO,D;HeT, opraH IIOCTyrrKa MOpa
npeey3ern op;pel)eHe aKTJ1BHOCTJ1 y rrpaBI.:i;y lheroBor yrnpl)wBaI-ba J1 crna­
paH>a npernoCTaBKJ1 3a o;r:r;nyq11BaI-be O TOM 3axTeBy. Y TOM CMl1CJIY, 3a­
KOHOl];aBaQ o6aBe3yje opraH rroCTyrrKa p;a carnyrna OKpl1B7beHor o ':IJ1I-be­
HHI.\aMa y Be3J1 ca JiIMOBJ1HCKOIIpaBHJ1M 3axTeBOM, p;a rrpoBepw CBe OKOJI­
HOCTH K oje cy op; 3Haqaja 3a H>eroBo yrnpl)wBaI-be 11 p;a rrp11KyrrliI p;oKa3e
Heonxop;He 3a ;r:r;oHOIIIeI-be op;JIYKe o 3axTeBy, ':laK J1 rrpe Hero rnTo je rrop;HeT
(tm. 256, CT. 1 3KII). 06aBe3a rrp11Kyrrlbalba p;oKa3a J1 rrpe Hero IIITO ce
HMOBHHCKOrrpaBHJ1 3axTeB IIO,D;Hece Ji!Ma CMJ1CJia 36or Tora IIITO 611 KaCHJ1je
npHKyn7haH,e p;oKa3a 6J1JIO OTe)KaHO, a MO)K)J;a Ji! HeMoryne. Mel)yTJ1M, HJ1
OBa aKTMBHOCT ce He MO)Ke rrpep;y3J1MaTJ1 aKo 6w B0,lJ;J1Jia 3HaTHOM op;y­
roBnaqeH,y Kpl1BJ1':IHOr IIOCTyrrKa, TaKO p;a ce y TJ1M OKOJIHOCTJ1Ma, opraH
nocTynKa Mopa orpaHJ1':IJ1TJ1 Ha rrp11Kyrrlbalbe caMo oHwx p;oKa3a qwje yT­
Bp�HBatt,e KaCHJ1je He 6w 6J1JIO MorynHo J1JIJ1 611 6J1JIO 3HaTHO OTe)KaHo. 111
Y l.\HlhY crrpe':laBaI-ba ocyjeneH>a J1CIIYI-beI-ba J1MOBJ1HcKorrpaBHor 3ax­
TeBa, JIHI.\Y OBJiarnneHOM Ha IIO,lJ;HOIIIeI-be J1MOBJ1HCKOrrpaBHOr 3axTeBa
npH3Haje ce rrpaBo Ha rrpep;naraH>e rrp11BpeMeHJ1X Mepa 06e36el)elba J1MO­
BHHCKonpaBHOr 3axTeBa rrpeMa op;pep;6aMa 3aKOHa KOjJ1 ypel)yje IJOCTyrraK
H3Bpmett,a 11 o6e36el)eH>a ( ':IJI. 257 3KII). Ha OBaj Ha':IJ1H ce Mory 06e36e;r:r;11-
TH HQBqaHa J1 HeHOB':laHa IIOTpa)KJiIBaI-ba J13 J1MOBJ1HCKOrrpaBHOr 3axTeBa.
TipHBpeMeHe Mepe Mory ce op;HOCJ1TJ1 Ha 3a6paHy pacrronaraH>a rroKpeT­
HHM J1 HerroKpeTHJ1M CTBap11Ma J1 Ha op;y3J1MaI-be fOTOBOr HOBQa J1JIJ1 xap­
THja Ol]; Bpep;HOCTJ1 op; ;r:r;y)KHJ1Ka J1 I-bJ1XOBO rronaraH>e y ;r:r;err03J1T J1 ;r:r;p. 112
Pemett,e o o.n;pel)J-rnaH>y rrpJ1BpeMeHJ1X Mepa o6e36el)elba J1MOBJ1HCKO­
npaBHOr 3axTeBa y J1cTpa3J1 ,D;OHOCJ1 cy;r:r;Mja 3a rrpeTXO,D;HJ1 rrocTyrraK, a rro­
cne nol);11rttyTe orrTy)KHJ1Qe, YKOJIJ1KO ce o;r:r;nyKa ;r:r;oHocJ1 Ha rnaBHOM rrpe-
1pecy - cy;r:r;ene Bene, a aKo ce perneH>e p;oHOCJ1 BaH rnaBHor rrpeTpeca -
Battrrperpeetto Bene. IlpMBpeMeHe Mepe o6e36el)elha Mory ce o;r:r;pep;J1TJ1 J1
npeMa rpeneM JIMQY Kop; Kojer ce HaJia3J1 crnap rrpJ16aBJbeHa KpJ1BJ1':IHJ1M
H7IH npon1BrrpaBHJ1M ;r:r;eJIOM KOje je y 3aKOHY o;r:r;pel)eHo Kao Kpl1BJ1':IHO
l];e7IO 11}111 36or Tora IIITO je yrne;r:r; Tor p;ena rrpJ16aBJ1JIO J1MOBJ1HCKY KOpl1CT.
Cy;r:r; je OBJiarnneH M 3a yKMp;aI-be l13pe':leHe rrpMBpeMeHe Mepe Ka;r:r;a rrpe­
CTatty pa3JI03J1 36or KOjJ1X je 6J1Jia o;r:r;pel)eHa. YKOJIJ1KO TO He YtJl1HJ1 y TOKY
111 Tpe6a l1Man1 y B11AY ,11a pacnpaBJbaH,e 11MOBl1HCKOnpaBHOf 3axTeBa H11je np11MapH11 3aAaTaK
KpHBffqHor nocTynKa, Ben pacBeTJbett,e 11 pa3jawtt,ett,e Kp11Bwrne CTBap11.
112 Tip1,rnpeMeHe Mepe cy OApel)eHe 3aKOHOM O 113Bpwett,y 11 06e36el)e1ny, ,,C11yJ1C6eHU ZllQCHUK
PC', 6p. 31/2011, 99/2011 - AP· 3aKOH 109/2013 - OAnYKa YC 11 55/2014.
72 AneKcaH,n;ap EollIKOBllfn, TaH>a Kecllfn: Kpu6uitHo npou,ecHo npa6o
rrocTynKa, np1rnpeMeHe Mepe Mory TpajaT11 p;o o6ycrnae nocTynKa 111m
rrpaBHOCHa)l(He rrpecyp;e. TaKo he c� yK11HyT11 rrp11apeMeHy Mepy y npe­
cyp;11 KojoM ce OKp11BJbeH11 ornarnaaa Kpl1Bl1M mm y pernelby o 113pm._\att,y
Mepe 6e36ep;HOCTl1 o6aBe3HOr ncmrnjaTp11jcKor JietJelba, l1JIH he ornTehe­
HOr yrryT11TI1 Ha rrapHl1tJHJ1 noCTyrraK. Cyp; MO)Ke J1 rrpop;y)KJ1Tl1 Tpajatt,e
np11apeMeHe Mepe 3a op;pel)eHo BpeMe y KojeM je oanarnheHo n11u;e p;y)KHO
p;a IIOKpeHe napHl1'IHJ1 nocTyrraK pap;l1 OCTBap11Balba CBOr J1MOBl1HCKO­
npaBHOr 3ax:TeBa, a aKO TO He YtJl1HJ1 y OCTaBJbeHOM poKy, cyp; he YKl1HYn1
np11BpeMeHy Mepy.
KoHatJHY op;nyKy o J1MOBJ1HcKonpaBHOM 3ax:TeBy p;0Hoc11 Kpl1Bl1'i­
HJ1 cyp;. Cyp; MO)Ke p;ocyp;J1TJ1 J1MOBl1HCKOnpaBHJ1 3ax:TeB JKOJil1KO cy l1C­
IlJI-beHl1 3aKOHOM rrpep;a11l)eHI1 ycnoB11 caMo Kap;a p;oHece rrpecyp;y KojoM
ce 0Kp11BJbeHJ1 ornarnaaa Kp11BJ1M l1Jil1 pernelbe o l13p11u;alby Mepe 6e3-
6ep;HOCTl1 o6aBe3HOr IlCJ1Xl1jaTpl1jCKor JietJelba. J.1MOBl1HCKOnpaBHl1 3ax­
TeB cyp; MO)Ke J1 Tap;a p;ocyp;J1Tl1 y u;eJil1Hl1 J1JIJ1 p;eJil1Ml1'IHO, a 3a BJ1IIIaK
he OBJiarnheHo m-i:u;e ynyTvtTl1 Ha rrapHJ1tJHJ1 nocTynaK. YKOJIMKO rrop;aQM
Kpl1Bl1'IHOr nocTynKa He npy)Kajy noy3p;aH OCHOB 3a IlOTilYHO Hl1Tl1 3a
p;eJIJ1Ml1tJHO npecyl)elbe, cyp; he OBJiarnhetto JIMu;e yrryTJ1Tl1 Ha naptt11tJHM
nocTynaK ('IJI. 258, CT. 1 11 4 3KII).
0KOHtJalbeM Kpl1BJ1tJHOr nocTynKa p;OHOlllelbeM npecyp;e KOjOM ce
OKpl1BJbeHl1 orno6al)a op; onTy)K6e J1JIJ1 ce onTy)K6a op;611ja, J1JIJ1 p;oHo­
lllelbeM pelllelba O o6ycTaBJ1 Kpl1Bl1'IHOr TIOCTynKa, cyp; he YTIY™™ OB·
JialllheHor npep;naraqa p;a 3ax:TeB OCTBap11 y napHl1'IHOM IIOCTYJIKY, KpM­
BJ1'IHJ1 cyp; Hehe op;nyq11BaTl1 0 rrop;HeTOM l1MOBJ1HCKonpaBHOM 3ax:Tesy
aKo ce ornacM Hettap;Jie)KHllfM p;a op;nyqyje y op;pel)eHoj Kpl1Bl1tJHOj cTBapH.
Tap;a he ynyT11T11 oana1IIheHo n11u;e ,n;a 3ax:TeB MO)Ke nop;HeTJ1 y Kpv1aw1-
HOM IIOCTYJIKY KOjl1 he OTIIO'leTllf J1Jll1 611TJ1 HaCTaBJbeH npep; Hap;Jie)KH.MM
cyp;oM (qJI, 258, CT. 3 11 2 3KII). 0BaKBO pelllelbe je IlOTilyttO orrpaBp;aHO,
C o6311poM Ha TO p;a je pelllaBalbe Ill1Talba l1MOBJ1HCKOnpaBHOr 3axTeBa
cnopep;H11 3ap;aTaK Kp11a11tJHor cyp;a, Te p;a je Be3aHo 3a p;oHOlllelbe op;nyKe
0 Kpl1B11'IHOj CTBap11.
Kap;a je rrpep;MeT J1MOBJ1HCKonpaBHor 3ax:TeBa noapahaj cTBap11 3a Kojy
cyp; ycrntt0B11 p;a np11nap;a TpeheM n11u;y, a Hana311 ce KOp; OKpl1BJbeHor li!RM
KOp; HeKor op; yqecHvtKa y Kpl1Bl1'IHOM p;eny l1JIJ1 KOp; Jll1I.J;a KOjeM cy je OHM
p;a-n11 Ha qyaalbe, cyp; he y rrpecyp;11 KojoM ce 0Kpl1BJbeH11 orna1IIaBa KPH·
Bl1M 11n11 y pelllelby o 113p11u;alhy Mepe 6e36ep;HOCTJ1 o6aBe3HOr nrn::irnja­
Tp11jcKor ne'!elba op;pep;11T11 p;a ce Ta CTBap npep;a TpeheM JIMu;y. CJI.liltJHO,
c� MO)Ke IIOCTYJil1T.Jil Kap;a ce l1MOB.Ji!HCKOIIpaBH.Ji!M 3ax:TeBOM Tpa)Kvt IIO­
HllfllITaj op;pel)eHor rrpaBHor norna, aKo yTBpp;11 p;a je 3ax:TeB OCHOBaH. Y
npecyp;.lil KojoM ce 0Kp.1i1BJbeHJ1 orna1IIaaa Kpl1Bl1M l1JIJ1 y pelllelby o :t13pH­
u;alby Mepe 6e36ep;HOCTl1 o6aae3Hor ncmrnjaTp11jcKor JietJelba cyp; MO)l(e
 KpwBwrnorrpo�ecmt cy6jeKTli! 73

o,n;pe,n;MTM IlOTil)'H mm: geJIMMM':JaH IlOHMIIITaj TOf rrpaBHOf IIOCJia, C rro­

cne,n;Mu;aMa Koje M3 Tora rrpoMCTMqy, He g11pajytrn y rrpaBa Tpetrnx nmi;a.
IIpaBHOCHa)l<HY rrpecygy J1JIJ1 peIIIeH>e KOjM:M je ognyqeHo O J1MOBJ1H­
CKonpaBHOM 3axTeBy cyg MO)Ke y KpMBJIIqHOM IIOCTyrrKy J13MeHJ1TJ1 caMO
JlOBO,D;OM BaHpegHM:X rrpaBHJ1X JieKOBa, ogHOCHO 3axTeBa 3a IlOHaBJbaH>e
KpHBJ.1qHor IlOCTyrrKa JI! 3axTeBa 3a 3aIIITMTY 3aKOHJ1TOCTJ1. J13y3eTHO, OBO
rrpaBo Mory ocrnapM:TM ocyl)eHM, ogHOCHO H>eroB.11 HacnegHMIJ;.11 y rrapttM:q­
HOM nocTyrrKy, aKO IIOCTOje YCJIOB.11 3a IlOHaBJbaH>e rrapHJ1qHor IlOCTYITKa
(11n. 259 3KI1).
Ha Kpajy, 3aKOHogaBari; rroce6Ho rrpegB.111)a ga cyg MO)Ke ga ogpegM: ga
ce cTBapM Koje HecyMH>M:BO rrp.11rragajy OIIITehettoM, a He rny)Ke Kao goKa3
y Kp�rnMqHOM IIOCTYIIKY rrpegajy OIIITeheHOM J1 rrpe 3aBpIIIeTKa IIOCTyrrKa.
AKo ce BM:IIIe OIIITehett.11x crrop.11 o CBoj.11ttw crnapw, yrryTMhe ce Ha rrap­
HH'IHM nocTyrraK, a cyg he y KpMBMqHOM IIOCTyrrKy ogpegJ1TJ1 caMO qy­
BaH>e crnapw Kao rrp.11BpeMeHy Mepy o6e36el)eH>a (qn, 260 3KI1).

2. IIpaBHH IlOJIO)Kaj OmTeheHor y KpHBH'IHOM IlOCTynKy

IIpaBHM ITOJIO)Kaj OIIITeheHor qJ,fHM CKyrr 3aKOHOM yrnpl)eHMX npaBa M
,D;y)l(HOCTM y Kp.11BJ1qHOM rrocTyrrKy. Mel)y HajBa)KHMja rrpaBa OIIITeheHOf
rna,n;ajy:
1) npaBo Ha rrogHOIIIeH>e rrpegnora w goKa3a 3a ocTBap.irnaH>e MMOBJ1H­
cKonpaBttor 3axTeBa 11 rrpaBo rrpep;naraH>a rrpwBpeMeHMX Mepa 3a H>eroBo
06e36el)ett,e;
2) npaBo ga yKa)Ke Ha q.11H>eHwri;e .11 rrpegJia)Ke goKa3e Kojw cy og Ba)K­
HOCTM 3a rrpegMeT goKa3J1BaH>a;
3) npaao ga attra)Kyje rryH0MohH.11Ka M3 pega agBoKaTa;
4) npaBo ga pa3MaTpa crrwce w pa3mega rrpegMeTe Kojw cJiy)Ke Kao
,D;OKa3 (OBO rrpaBO ce MO)Ke ycKpaTJ1TM OIIITeheHOM goK He 6yge MCTIMTaH
y csojcrny CBegoKa);
5) npaao ga 6yge o6aBeIIITeH o og6ari;irnaH>y KpMBMqHe rrp.11jaae MJIM: o
o,n;ycrattKy jaBHor TY)KMOri;a og Kp.11B.11qttor roH>eH>a;
6) npaBo Ha rrpwroBop rrpoTMB ognyKe jaBHor TY)KMOu;a ga He rrpegy3-
Me HJIM ,n;a ogycTaHe og Kp.11BJ1qHor roH>eH>a;
7) npaBo Ha rroyKy o MoryhHoCTM rrpey3.11MaH>a Kp1,rnwqHor rmheH>a M
3acTynatt,a orrTy)K6e;
8) npaBo ga rrpwcycrnyje rrpMrrpeMHOM poqJ1IIITy;
9) npaBo ga rrpMcycrnyje maBHOM rrpeTpecy .11 yqecrnyje y J13Bol)eH>y
AOKa3a;
 Kp11Bwrnorrpo1..1ern11 cy6jeKTl1 75

V OKPli1BJhEHli1
1. Iloja.M 11 CBOjCTBa OKpHBllieHor

OKp11BJheHJ1 je 0CH0BHJ1 Kp11BJ1<IHOIIpou;ecHJ1 cy6jeKT, KOjM Bpurn

q>}'HKQJ1jy og6paHe J1 J1Ma CBOjCTBO CTpaHKe y Kp11BM"IHOM II0CTy11Ky.
OKpHBJheHJ1 je n11u;e 3a Koje rrocToj11 ogpe1)eH11 cTerreH cyMH>e ga je yq11-
HJ1no Kp11BJ1qHo geno J1 rrp0TJ1B Kora ce B0,[{11 Kp11BJ1qHJ1 II0CTyrraK. CBoj­
CTBO 0Kp11BJheHor M0)Ke CTen.11 CaMO q>l13J1qKo n11u;e KOje je rrpou;ecH0 crro­
co6Ho 3a BpIIIeH>e CBOjMx rrpaBa J1 gy)KH0CTJ1 y Kp11BJ1qHoM rrocTyrrKy.
IIpo,lleCHa crroco6HocT 0KpMBJheHor cagp)KM ,[{Ba ocHOBHa o6eneiKja - og­
pef}eHH y3pacT 11 gyrneBH0 3gpaBJbe. Kaga je y IIJ1TaH>y y3pacT, 0Kp11BJbeH11
MO)l{e 6HTJ1 caMo OHO n11u;e Koje je y BpeMe 113BprneH>a Kpl1BJ1qHor gena HaBp­
lIIHJIO 14 rog11Ha )KJ1B0Ta. Ba)KHO je Harnac11T11 p;a ce rrpeMa n11u;11Ma Koja cy
HaBplllnna 14 ro,n;11Ha, a H11cy HaBprn11na 18 ro,a;11Ha iKMBOTa, Bo,a;11 KpJ1B11q­
HH nocryrraK rrpeMa ManoneTH11q11Ma, Koj11 ca,a;p)K11 HJ13 crreu;11cp11-c.i:HocT11 y
OAffOCy Ha KPJ1BJ1qHJ1 rrocTyrraK rrp0TJ1B rryH0TieTHJ1X y<IJ1HJ11Iau;a. y cnyqajy
CMpTH 0Kp11BJbeHor, KpHBJ1qHJ1 IIOCTyrraK ce o6ycTaBJba (qn. 20 3KII).
y 0,ll;H0CY Ha ,a;pyro CBOjCTBO npou;ecHe crroco6HOCTH OKp11BJbeHor, He­
OilXO,ll;H0 je ycTaH0BJ1TJ1 ,a;a lIJ1 je 0Kp11BJbeHJ1 6110 ,a;ymeBH0 3,a;paB y Bpe­
Me H3BpllleH>a Kp11BJ1qHor ,a;ena, o,a;H0CH0 ypaqytt Jbl'IB. llS Y npaBy Ba)KJ1
nperrrocraBKa ,a;a cy CBa n11u;a ,a;ymeBH0 3,a;paBa, a ,a;a ce y cnyqajy cyMH>e y
Ayme BH0 3p;paBJbe OKpMBJbeHor npe,a;y311Ma I1CJ1XJ1jaTp11jcKO Bernrnqett,e.
A.Ko ce ycraH0BJ1 p;a je 0KpJ1BJbeH11 6110 tteypaqyttJbMB y BpeMe H3BprneH>a
KpHBJ1qHor p;ena, rrpoTMB H>era ce M0)Ke Bop;11T11 noce6aH nocTyrraK 3a 113-
PHllaH>e Mepe 6e36e,n;HoCTH o6aBe3HOr rrc11x11jaTp11jcKor ne-c.i:eH>a.
IlpeMa HOBJ1jJ1M J13MeHaMa Kp11BJ1qHor 3aK0HO)J,aBCTBa, Kpl1BJ1qHJ1
nocrynaK ce M0)I(e B0)J,J1TJ1 J,1 np0TJ1B rrpaBH0f lIJ11-'a. C ofoHpOM Ha TO
Aa npaBH0M n11u;y He,n;ocraje npou;ecHa crroco6Hocr, 3aK0HCKJ1 je ypel)e­
HO IlHTaH>e npe,n;CTaBHJ1Ka npaBHOr n11u;a, Koje Ha OCH0BY 3aK0Ha, ,n;py­
ror npon11ca 11n11 o,n;nyKe Ha,n;ne)l(Hor opraHa 11Ma oBnarnneH>e ,n;a 3acryrra
npaBHO mui;e. 116 Y Kp11BJ1qHOM rroCTyrrKy, rrpe,n;CTaBHJ1K npaBH0f n11u;a je
osnamheH p;a y Kop11cr oKpMBJbeHor npaBHor n11u;a rrpe,n;y311Ma CBe pa,n;H>e

115 Yrspl)1,isa11,e AyrueBHOf 3ApaB)ha OKplilB/beHOr J/IMa Iii npOl.\eCH11 3HaY.aj jep je OA 3HaY.aja J1
san0Kpera11,e Iii sol)e11,e KplilBJ/IY.HOr noCTynKa. TaKO, YK0nlilK0 KOA OKpHB/bettor HaKOH J/13BpLUe11,a
lj)HBll'!Hor 11ena Hacrynlil AYLUeBHa 6onecr 11nl!I AyLUeBtta nopeMehettocr lilntt Apyra reuJKa 6onecr
a6or Koje He MOlKe Y'feCTBOBaTM y Kp11BJ1Y.HOM nocTynKy, TO MOlKe 611TH pa3nor 3a npeKl!IA HCTpare
(lfll. 307, CT. 1, T. 1 3Kll).
116 vln11h, r. Il. (2009). 3aKOH o oozoeopHocmu npaBHUXJ1u11a 3a Kpuau11Ha oella, ca npeozoaopoM,
Jil CnylK6eHl!I rnacHl!IK, EeorpaA, cTp. 25.
76 ArreKcatt,n;ap EoIIIKOBMn, Tatt>a Kern:n: .KpuBU"IHO npou,eCHo npaBo

Koje MO)Ke p;a rrpep;y3Me caM 0Kpirnlbem1 (qn, 37, CT. 2 11 3 3aKoHa o o,n;ro­
BopHOCTJ1 rrpaBHl1X n11u;a 3a Kp11BJ1qHa p;ena). 117
Tiopep; CBojcrna, BeoMa je Ba)KHO rrpeu;v13H0 o,n;pep;v1T11 11 caM rrojaM
OKp11BJbeHor. Ha OBOM IIOJbY 3aKOHO,D;aBau; He OCTaBJba rrpocTop 3a He,n;o­
yM11u;e, C o6311poM Ha TO p;a eKCII7IJ1LI;l1THO p;eqmHMIIIe HeK07IJ1KO Ha3MBa
Koj11 rrpep;cTaBJbajy rrpou;ecH11 rrojaM 3a yqmmou;a Kpv1BJ1qHor p;ena. Y rnt­
TaH>y cy rrojMOBM: ,,ocyMtt,v1qett11", ,,0Kpv1BJbeH11", ,,orrTy)KeH11" 11 ,,ocyl)e­
H11", a CBaKv1 ce Be3yje 3a op;pel)eHy cpa3y Kpv1Bv1qHor rrocTyrrKa. 3aKOHMK
o KpJ1BJ1qHOM rrocTyrrKy He rrpaB11 pa3nv1Ky l13Mel)y cpv1311qKor 11 rrpaB­
Hor nv1u;a, rra ce HaBep;eH11 J13pa311 cxop;Ho rrpv1Mett, yjy v1 Ha rrpaBHa nmi;a.
MrraK, 113pa311 ce He op;Hoce Ha MarroneTHe yqv1Hv1ou;e KpJ1Bv1qHJ1X p;ena, 3a
Koje ce rroce6HJ1M 3aKOHOM KOpJ1cTv1 rrojaM ,,ManoneTHMK" v1nv1 ,,ManoneT­
Hl1 yqv1H11nau; KpJ1Bv1qHor p;ena".
TipeMa l13pJ1q11Toj 3aKoHcKoj op;pep;6v1, ocyMJ-bu-iteHu je n11u;e npeMa K0Me
je 36or rrocTojatt,a ocHoBa cyMtt,e 118 p;a je yqv1Hv1no Kp11Bwrno p;eno Hap;ne)l(­
HJ1 p;p)KaBHM opraH y rrpep;J1cTpa)KHOM rrocTyrrKy rrpep;y3eo pap;tt,y rrponw­
caHy 3KTI v1 miu;e rrponrn Kora ce BO,D;J1 J1cTpara (qn. 2, CT. l, T. 1 3KIT).
OKpualbeHu je m1u;e rrponrn Kora je rrop;11rnyrn onTy)KHJ1u;a Koja jorn
HMje rrornpl)eHa J1JIJ1 rrpoTJ1B Kora je rrop;HeT orrTy)KHJ1 rrpep;nor, rrpMBaTHa
Ty)K6a J1JIJ1 rrpep;nor 3a J13pm.1;aH>e Mepe 6e36ep;HOCTJ1 o6aBe3Hor rrcMXMja­
TpMjcKor neqett,a, a rnaBHM rrpeTpec MJIM poqJ1IIITe 3a M3pMu;att,e KpJ1BJ1qHe
caHKu;Mje joIII HJ1je op;pel)eH. OKpMBJbeHJ1 je J1 OIIIIITl1 Ha3J1B 3a ocyMH,J1l-Ie­
H0r, 0Kp11BJbeHor, 0IITy)KeHor J1 ocyl)eHor (qn_ 2, CT. 1, T. 2 3KTI).
OnmyJ1Certu je nMu;e rrpoTMB Kora je orrTy)KHJ1u;a rrornpl)eHa J1 rrMu;e 3a
Koje je rroBop;oM orrTy)KHOr rrpep;nora, rrpmfaTHe Ty)K6e J1JIJ1 rrpep;nora 3a
M3pMu;aH>e Mepe 6e36ep;HOCTJ1 o6aBe3Hor rrcJ1XJ1jaTpJ1jCKor neqett,a O,ll·
pel)eH rnaBHM rrpeTpec MJIM poqJ11IITe 3a l13pMu;aH>e KpJ1BJ1qHe caHKu;Mje y
CKpaheHOM KpJ1Bl1qHQM rrocTyrrKy (qn_ 2, CT. 1, T. 3 3KTI)._
Ocyt;eHU je 7IJ1u;e 3a Koje je rrpaBHOCHa)KHOM O,D;lIYKOM cyp;a yrnpl)eHo
p;a je yqMHMrrau; Kp11BJ1qHor p;ena MlIM rrpoTMBrrpaBHor p;ena op;pel)ettor y
3aKOHY Kao KpMBJ1qHQ p;eno, OCJ1M aKO ce Ha 0CHOBY op;pep;a6a KpJ1BJ1qHor
3aKOHJ1Ka CMaTpa Heocyl)J1BaHJ1M119 (qn_ 2, CT. 1, T. 4 3KTI). TiojaM ocylJe-
117 Ilpe,!1CTaBH"1Ka O,!lpel)yje rrpastto nm.ie, a aKo TO tte y<rnH1-1, nocTasn,a ra cyA rrpeA Koj1,1M
ce B0,[11-1 nocTyrraK ('JII. 39, CT. 1 1,1 3 3aKOHa 0 0,!lfOB0pH0CTJ,1 rrpaBH"1X IIl-11.la 3a Kp1-1BW!Ha ,[lerra).
,,CnyJ1C6ettu znacHuK PC', 6p. 97/2008.
118 CTerreHOBaH,e cyMH,e je npegs1,1l)eHO 3aK0H0M, TaK0 ,[la TIOCTOjJ.1 0CH0B cyMH,e, 0CH0BaHa
cyMtt,a 11 onpas,[1a1rn cyMtt,a. Octtoa cyMH>e je cKyn 'IJ.11-bett111.1a Koje nocpe,!IH0 yKa3yjy ,[la je y'l1-1tt,eHo
Kp1-1s11'!H0 .[leno 11n11 .[la je ogpel)etto n111.1e y<rntt1,1na1.1 Kp11BJ.1'!H0r gena. Oettoaatta cyMH>a je cKyn
'!J.1tt,ett111.1a K0je ttenocpe,!IH0 yKa3yjy ,[la je ogpel)etto n111.1e Y'!J.1HJ.11Ia1.1 Kp11Bl1'lH0r ,!lena. OnpaaoaHa
cyMH>a je cKyn '!J1tt,ett111.1a Koje ttenocpe,!IH0 noTKpenn,yjy 0CH0Batty cyMfuY 1-1 onpasgasajy
TI0)'.11133tbe OTITy)l(6e ( '!/I. 2, CT. 1, T. 17-19 3KI1).
119 Ocyl)ettJ.1 ce cMaTpa Heocyl)11BaH11M y CII)"lajy 3aK0HCKe 11n11 Cy)'.ICKe pexa61-1n11-ra1.11-1je ('In.
97-100 K3).
 KpJ.1BJ.1'lHOrrpou;eCHJ.1 cy6jeKTJ.1 77

Hl1 He KOpMCTJ.1 ce 3a MaTIOTieTHMKa KojeM je M3peqeHa BaCl1J1THa Mepa,

11Majytu1 y B11,n;y ,n;a ce pelllel:beM o 113p1,u�al:by BacrrJ1THe Mepe ManoneTHMK
He ornarnaBa Kpl1BJ1M (tJJI. 78, CT. 3 3aKOHa O MaJIOJieTHMM YtJl1HJ10Q11Ma
Kp11Bl1tJHHX ,n;erra J1 KpMBJ1tJHOIIpaBHOj 3alllTl1Tl1 MaJIOTieTHl1X lll1Qa).

2. IlpaBHH IIOJIO)Kaj OKpHBJI>eHor y KpHBH'IHOM IIOCTyrrKy

CKyrr rrpasa J1 ,n;y)KHOCTl1 KOjl1 rrp11rra,n;ajy OKpl1B7beHOM y Kpl1Bl1tJHOM

nocryrrKy tJl1He OKOCHl1QY l:berosor rrpaBHOr IIOlIO)Kaja. IIpaBHl1 IIOTIO)Kaj
OKp11BJbeHor ce Kp03 l1CTOp11jy MeH>ao, TaKO ,n;a je y pa3Jil1tJl1Tl1M J.1CTO­
p11jCKJ1M Tl1I10Bl1Ma Kpl1Bl1tfHOr IIOCTynKa Y)KJ.1BaO Mal:ba l1Jll1 Bena rrpaBa.
]J,aHac ce rrpeMa TIOTIO)Kajy OKpl1BlbeHor y Kpl1Bl1tJHOM IIOCTyrrKy OQel:byje
creneH p;eMOKpaTJ1tJHOCTl1 je,n;Hor ,n;pylllTBa. 120
Jep;HO op; OCHOBHJ.1X o6eTie)Kja rrpaBHOr IIOTIO)Kaja OKpl1B7beHor y Kpl1-
BHl!HOM rrocTyrrKy jeCTe npemnocmaBKa HeBuHocmu, Koja ra rrpaT11 op;
npep;11crpcl)l(HOr TIOCTYITKa na p;o rrpaBHOCHa)KHOr OKOH'Ial:ba Kpl1BJ1"CIHOr
nocrynKa. IIpeTITOCTaBKa HeBl1HOCTJ.1 je ycTaBHa KaTeropMja, C ofo11poM
Ha ro p;a ttajBMIIIM rrpaBHl1 aKT rrporr11cyje p;a ce csaKo cMaTpa HeBl1Hl1M
3a KpHBJ1tJHO p;erro )];OK ce l:beroBa Kpl1BJ.1Qa He YTBPAl1 rrpaBHOCHa)KHOM
OAJIYKOM cyp;a (tJJI. 34, CT. 3 Ycrnsa PC). Mp;eHTl1tJHY o,n;pe,n;6y ca,n;p)K11 11
3aKOHJ1K o Kpl1Bl1'IHOM nocTynKy (tJTI. 3, CT. 1), Kao 11 6pojHl1 Me})Yffapo,n;­
HH p;oKyMeHTJ1 y o6rraCTJ1 lI>YACK11X rrpaBa. 121
Cymr11Ha OBe npeTITOCTaBKe CBO,I1;l1 ce Ha TO ,n;a CTaTyc OKpMBJbeHor, CBe
A0K ce fuerosa Kpl1Bl1Qa 3a Kpl1Bl1tJHO ,n;eno He yTBp,n:11 rrpaBHOCHa)KHOM
OAJIYKOM cy,n;a, a y J1HTepecy npasa 11 npas,n;e, Mopa 611T11 cTaTyc quo ante,
OAffOCHO craTyc y KOjeM ce O,D;HOC l13Me1)y lliera l1 Kpl1Bl1tJHOr ,n;erra Koje MY
ce craBJba Ha TepeT He orrpe,n;elI>yje Ha llierosy IllTeTy. 122 Pa,n;11 IIOillTOBal:ba
npernocTaBKe HeB11HOCT11, 3aKoHo,n;aBaQ je rroce6Ho rrporr11cao ,n;y)KHOCT
A})>KaBHMX 11 p;pyr11x opraHa 11 opraml3aQ11ja, cpe,n;CTasa jaBHor 06aBelll­
rua1ba, yp;py)Kelba 11 jaBHl1X Til1tJHOCTl1 ,n;a ce rrp11,n;p)KaBajy rrpeTrrocTaB­
Ke HeBMHOCTH J1 ,n;a CBOjl1M jaBHJ1M l13jaBaMa O OKpl1B7beHOM, Kpl1B11tJHOM
Aeny H nocryrrKy He noBpel)yjy rrpasa oKp:nslbeHor (-..m. 3, cT. 2 3KII). 123
120 IlojeAJ.1HJ.1 ayrop11 CMaTpajy J:13 H3'111H Ha KOjJ.1 ce nOJIO)Kaj OKpJ.1B/beHor OApel)yje y 33KOHY 11
ll'IHH Ha KOjJ.1 ce OHO llITO je OApel)eHO 33KOHOM cnpOBOJ:111 y npaKCl1, rrpeACTaBJba MepMJIO KyJIType
(WIOCHe APYUJTBeHe cpeA11He. B11J:111: Bac11Jbea11n, T. (1981). Opus citatum, cTp. 299.
121 EeponcKa KOHBeH1.111ja 3a 3alllTMTY IhYACKMX npaaa 11 ocHOBHMX cno6oAa nponMcyje 11a ne
CleCBaKO KO je onTylKeH 3a Kp11BJ.1'1HO Ael!O CMaTpaTl1 HeBJ,tHJ1M AOK ce He AOKa)Ke 1-beroBa KpJ,tBJ,!Qa
• OCHOBY 33KOHa ('In. 6, CT. 2). IlpeTnOCTaBKa HeBl1HOCTl1 je, 3anpaao, caCTaBHJ,t AeO rrpaaa Ha
JIJ)lllH'IHO cyl)e!be.
l22 lil!H>eHWQa 11:a je OH cpaKTJ.i'IKJ,! nOT'111H,eH npHHYAM KpJ.1Bl1'-IHOr rrocTynxa He Mel-ha Taj
"8JIHH nonolKaj - OKp1rnJbeHJ.1 3aAp)Kaaa AOMeH rnoje ancTpaKTHe rrpaaHe cJ106011:e. B11A11: J!IJ1wh,
n.etal. (2013). Opus citatum, cTp. 62.
l23 3a 3awrnry rrperrrocraBKe HeBl1HOCTM npeAB111)ene cy Mepe y Ka3HeHoM npaay. KpHBJ.1'!H11
IUOHHK nponwcyje Kp11BJ,!'!HO 11:eno OMera1-1,e npaBl);e ('!JI. 3366), a 3aKOH O jaBHOM J,1Hq>OpMMCa1-1,y
78 AneKcaHp;ap BolllKOBMh, Talba KecMh: Kpu6utt1-to npou,erno npcrno

2.1. IIpaBo OKpHBJbeHor Ha op;6paHy

OcHOBHO npaBO 0KpHBJbeHor jecTe npaBO Ha oo6paHy, 0,!l;HOCHO npa­
B0 p;a pa3B11ja npon;ecHy aKTMBHOCT y npaBn;y op;611jaH>a mm p;en11MJf'l­
Hor no611jaH>a npaBHor Hanap;a OBnarnneHor Ty)1mon;a. 124 YcTaB rapaHTyje
npaBO Ha op;6paHy CBaKOM KO je OKp11BJbeH 3a KpHBl1qHo p;eno, Kao 11 npa­
B0 p;a Y3Me 6paH11on;a no CBOM 1136opy, p;a C H>l1M HeOMeTaH0 OilillTl1 J1 )],a
p;o611je np11MepeHo BpeMe 11 op;roBapajyhe ycnoBe 3a np11npeMaH>e op;6pa­
He (qn. 33, CT. 2).
IIpaBO Ha op;6paHy je KOMITJieKCHO npaBO J,13 Kojer ce 113Bop;e CBa p;py­
ra npaBa 0KpHBJbeHor, Mel)y KOjMMa pa3JI11KyjeMO npaBO Ha npeTXO)],Ha
caonrnTeiha 11 ocTana npaBa Koja cy cacTaBHl1 p;eo npaBa Ha op;6paHy, oi:1-
H0CHO H>eroBa eMaHan;11ja. IIpaBo Ha npemxooHa caoniumel-ba o6yxBaTa
CKyn npaBa Koja ce rapaHTyjy oKp11BJbeHoM, a Koja cy y <pyttKn;MjM npaBa
Ha op;6paHy jep oMoryhyjy H>eroBy pearr1,13an;1,1jy. Y n11TaH>y cy npaBa o
Koj11Ma ce y HajKpaneM poKy, a yBeK npe npBor cacnyrnaH>a, nop;po6Ho H
Ha je311KY KOjM 0Kp11BJbeHM pa3yMe o6aBeillTaBa:
1) o p;eny Koje MY ce CTaBJba Ha TepeT, o np1,1pop;11 M pa3JI0311Ma 011-
Ty)K6e (KOHTeCTan;11ja 06B11H>eH>a) 1,1 p;a CBe IllTO III3jaBM MO)Ke p;a 6yp;e KO­
pm.1.meHO Kao p;oKa3 y nocTynKy;
2) o npaBy p;a He Mopa Hl1IllTa p;a 113jaB11, p;a MO)Ke p;a yCKpaT11 op;roBop
Ha nojep;11Ho n11TaH>e, cno6op;Ho 113Hece CBojy op;6paHy, np113Ha 11n11 He
np11I3Ha KpHBHn;y;
3) 0 npaBy p;a MY ce oc:nrypa p;OBOJbHO BpeMeHa III MorynHOCTH 3a npv1-
npeMaH>e op;6paHe;
4) o npaBy p;a ce III3jacHIII o CBHM q:nH>eH:nn;aMa 11 p;oKa3MMa Koj:n ra Te­
peTe III p;a J13HOCJ1 q1,1H,eH11In;e J1 p;oKa3e y CBojy KOp11CT, p;a HCilMTyje CBe­
p;oKe onTy)K6e M p;a 3axTeBa p;a ce, nop; 11cT11M ycnoB:nMa Kao CBep;on;:n 011-
Ty)K6e, y H>erOBOM np:ncycrny 11cn11Tajy CBep;on;:n op;6paHe (qrr. 68, CT. 1, 2,
7 M 10 3KTI).
IIpaBa Koja cy cacmaBHU oeo npaBa Ha oo6paHy jecy:
1) npaBo p;a ce 6paHIII caM 11JIIII y3 cTpyqHy noMon 6paH:non;a;
2) npaBo p;a H>eroBOM cacnyrnaH>y npMcycrnyje 6paH11Inan;;
3) npaBo p;a y HajKpaneM MoryneM poKy 6yp;e III3Bep;eH npep; cyp; 11 p;a MY
6yp;e cyl)eHO Henp:ncTpacHO, npaB11qHO J1 y pa3yMHOM poKy;

11 Me,111j11Ma npe,1a11�a npeKprnajHy o,1roaopHOCT o,1ronopHor ype,1H11Ka Me,111ja aKO ce, cynporno
'-In. 73, y o6jaB/beHoj l1Hq>OpMa1.111j11 HeKo O3Ha•rn )"ll1Hl1Ol.leM KaKBOf KalKH,11BOr ,1ena, O,IHOCH0
ornac11 Kp11B11M 11/111 O,lfOBOpH11M npe npaBHOCHalKHOCTl1 O,IJIYKe cy,1a 117!11 Apyror Ha,1/Je)l{H0r
opraHa ('Ill. 140, CT. l, T. l 3aKOHa O jaBHOM J11Hq>OpM11caH>y 11 Me,111jl1Ma, ,,Cny:1,c6eHU ZllaCHUK PC',
6p. 83/2014).
124 fpy6aq, M. (2006). Opus citatum, CTp. 180.
 Kp.HBJ1qttorrpou;ecm1 cy6jeKT.H 79

4) rrpaBo ,n;a Herrocpe,n;Ho rrpe rrpBor cacnyma:tt,a rrpoqJ1rn KpHBMqHy

np11jaBy, 3aIIJ1CHJ1K O YBHQajy J1 HaJia3 J1 MHIIIJbeH,e BeIIITaKa;
5) rrpaBo ,n;a pa3MaTpa crrHce H pa3rne,n;a rrpe,n;MeTe KOjH cny)Ke Kao ,n;oKa3;
6) rrpaBo ,n;a rrpHKyrrJba ,n;oKa3e 3a CBojy op;6patty;
7) rrpaBo ,n;a KopHCTH rrpaBHa cpe,n;cTBa M rrpaBHe neKoBe J1 rrpaBo ,n;a
npe,Izy3MMa ,n;pyre pap;:tt,e Kap;a je TO op;peoetto 3KI1 (qrr. 68, CT. 3, 4, 5, 6, 8,
9, 11 M 12 3KII).
IIoce6tto MeCTo y Koprrycy rrpaBa oKpMBJbeHor 3ay3HMa rrpaBo Ha rrpa­
BH'IHO cyQeH,e, Koje ce rapaHTyje YcTaBOM H 6pojHHM MeQ)7Hapo,n;HHM ,n;o­
KyMeHTMMa O 7bY,ll;CKJ1M rrpaBHMa, MeQy KOjHMa rroce6Ho MeCTO 3ay3J1Ma
EsporrCKa KOHBeHu;Hja 3a 3aIIITHTY lby,IJ;CKHX rrpaBa J1 OCHOBHMX cno6o­
Aa (EBporrCKa KOHBeHu;Hja O 7bY,IJ;CKJ1M rrpaBHMa). IlpaBO Ha rrpaBJ1qHO
cyl)elbe rrpeMa EBporrCKoj KOHBeHu;HjH O Jby,n;cKHM rrpaBHMa je op;peQeHO
Kao CJIO)KeHo rrpaBo, Koje ce cacTojM o,n; BHIIIe rrpaBocy,n;tto-opraHH3au;Ho­
HID( 11 rrpou;eCHorrpaBHMX Ha'IeJia M/HrrH rrpaBa CBojcTBeHHX rrpaBy caBpe­
MeHe rrpaBHe ,n;p)KaBe M tt,eHOM o,n;ttocy rrpeMa rrojep;Httu;y. 125
IlpaBO Ha rrpaBH'IHO cyQe:tt,e rrpOIIHCaHO je q71_ 6 EBpOIICKe KOHBeHu;Mje
o lbYACKMM rrpaBMMa M rnacH:
,,CeaKO, moKOM 00llJ1-tUBa1-ba O 1-beZOBUM zpal)aHCKUM npaBUMa u o6aBe-
3aMa unu o KpuBU1-tHoj onmyJ1C6u npomuB 1-beza, uMa npaBo Ha: npaBU1-tHy
u jaeHy pacnpaBy, y pa3JMHOM poKy npeo He3aBurnuM u HenpucmparnuM
cyooM, o6pa3oBaHUM Ha ornoBy JaKoHa . IIpecyoa ce u3pu1-1.e jaBHO, anu ce
wma Mna u jaBHocm Mazy ucKJby1-1.umu c u,enoz unu c oena cyr;el-ba y uHme­
pecy: Mopana, jaBHOZ peoa unu Hau,uoHanHe 6eJ6eoHocmu y oeMoKpamcKoM
opywmey, Kaoa mo JaxmeBajy uHmepecu ManonemHUKa unu Jaiumuma
npueamHoz J/CuBoma cmpaHaKa unu y Mepu Koja je, no MUutlbel-by cyoa,
HJJ/CHO nompe6Ha y noce6HUM OKOllHOCmUMa Kaoa 6u jaBHOCm MOZJla oa
HawKoou uttmepecuMa npaBoe.
CeaKo Ko je onmyJ1CeH 3a KpuBU1-tHo oeno cMampane ce 1-teButtuM me ooK
ce He ooKaJ/Ce 1vezoBa KpuBuu,a Ha ocHoBy JaKoHa.
CeaKO KO je onmyJ1CeH 3a KpU8U1-/.HO OellO UMa CJleOena MUHUMaJlHa npa­
Ba: Oa y HajKpaneM MozyneM poKy, noopo6HO U Ha je3UKJ KOjU pa3JMe, 6yoe
o6aeemmeH o npupoou u pa3ll03UMa sa onmyJ1C6y npomuB 1-beza; oa uMa
OOBOlbHO epeMetta u Mozynttocmu 3a npunpeMal-be 006pa1-te; oa ce 6pattu
JIU'IHO UllU nymeM 6pa1-tuou,a KOW caM U3a6epe UllU, aKO HeMa 0080JbHO
cpeocmaBa oa nnamu 3a npaBHY noMon, oa OBY noMon oo6uje 6ecnnamHO
Kaoa uHmepecu npaBoe mo JaxmeBajy; oa ucnumyje cBeooKe npomuB ce6e
UJIU Oa nocmume oa Ce OHU ucnumajy U Oa Ce o6e36eou npucycmBO U cacny-

125 Ibidem, CTp. 176.

 Kpl1BJ1'IHOI1pou;eCHJ1 cy6jeKTJ1 81

Ha Kpajy Tpe6a pehM HellITO o MoryhttocTMMa orpaHM'!eH>a cno6o,n;a

J1 npaBa OKpMBJbeHor y KpMBM'IHOM rrocTyrrKy. 3aKOHO,ll;aBau; I13pM'IJ1TO
nporrncyje .z:ra rrpe rrpannocHa)f<He Ol{JIYKe o uspr,n.{alby KpHBMqne caHK-
1.\Hje, 0KpMBJbeHOM Mory 611TH orpatt.n'leHe cno6o,n;e .n rrpaBa caMo y Mep.n
Heonxo,n;ttoj 3a ocTBapeH>e u;MJba nocTyrrKa, no,n; ycJIOBMMa npe,n;BM9eHJ1M
3KTI. Ka,n;a je nponMCaHo ,n;a IlOKpeTaH>e KpMBM'IHOf IlOCTyrrKa MMa 3a no­
cne,n;Mu;y orpa1mqett,e o,n;pe9eHJ1X rno6o,n;a .n rrpaBa, OBO orpaHM'leH>e ce
npHMeH>yje o,n;: IlOTBp9.nBaH>a OilTY)l(HMLI;e y pep;OBHOM Kpl1BJ1'IHOM no­
CTynKy J1JIJ1 o,n;pe9.nBaH>a rnaBHor rrpeTpeca MJIM poq.nuITa 3a .n3p.nu;aH>e
KpHBJflfHe caHKu;.nje y CKpaheHOM IIOCTyrrKy J171J1 o,n;pe9J1Balf>a rJiaBHOr
npe1peca y nocTynKy 3a H3pwu;alf>e Mepe 6e36e,n;HOCT.n o6aBe3Hor ncM­
XHjaTpMjCKor Jie'!eH>a. Cy,n; he O OKOJIHOCTMMa orpaHH'leH>a rrpaBa J1 CJI0-
60,n;a OKpMBJbeHor, Kao J1 0 CTaBJbaH,y OKpHBJbeHor y np.nTBop, y poKy o,n; 3
p;aHa op; ,ll;OHOilleH>a OBJ1X op;nyKa o6aBeCTJ1TJ1 opraH J171J1 IIOCJIO,n;aBu;a KO,ll;
Kora je 0KpHBJbeHJ1 3aIIOCJieH. OBe rro,n;aTKe cy,n; he Ha 3axTeB ,ll;OCTaBJ1TJ1
OKpHBJbeHOM 11 H>erOBOM 6paH.nou;y (-qJI, 10 3KIT).

2.2. ITpaBa yxanrneHor

Ilope,n; npaBa oKp.nBJbeHor, y 3aKoHy ce rroce6Ha rra)l(lf>a noKJialf>a rrpaBw­
Ma yxamueHor n11u;a, c ofowpoM Ha "l:IHlf>eH.nu;y ,n;a n.nrneH>e rno6o,n;e oTBapa
npoc1op 3a rapaHTOBalf>e ,n;o,n;aTHHX npaBa, Koja cy y Henocpe,n;Hoj Be3w ca
orpattwieH>eM npaBa Ha cno6o,n;y. Hajnpe Tpe6a HarnacwTw ,n;a ce yxamne­
HOM JIHU:Y rrpH3Hajy HeKa o,n; rrpaBa KOja ce rapattTyjy OKpMBJbeHOM, Ta'IHHje:
npaBo ,n;a HHillTa He .n3jaB.n, yCKpaT.n o,n;roBop Ha noje,n;.nHo n.nTaH>e, cno-
60,n;tto l13Hece CBojy o,n;6paHy, np.n3Ha wn.n He npH3Ha Kp.nB.nu;y; npaBo ,n;a
ce 6patt11 caM .nn.n y3 CTPJ"l:IHY noMon 6paH.nou;a; rrpaBo ,n;a 6y,n;e cacJiylllaH y
np11cycTBy 6paH.nou;a; rrpaBo ,n;a Herrocpe,n;Ho rrpe npBor cacJiylllaH>a npoq.n­
Ta Kpl1BJ1qHy np.njaBy, 3ailJ1CHJ1K O JBM9ajy J1 HaJia3 J1 MJ111IJbeH>e BellITaKa
- o lfeMy je opraH nocTyrrKa ,n;y)l(aH ,n;a ra noy-q.n rrpe rrpBor cacnyrnalf>a.
Ilope,n; OBMX rrpaBa, yxarrllleHoM ce rapaHTyjy .n o,n;pe9eHa crreu;mpwq­
Ha npaBa, Koja CBoje orrpaB,n;aH>e TeMeJbe Ha "l:IHH>eH.nu;w JIJ111IeH>a rno6o,n;e
oKpHBJbettor. Ty crra,n;ajy cne,n;eha rrpaBa:
1) ,n;a op;Max Ha je3HKY Koj11 pa3yMe 6y,n;e o6aBernTeH o pa3nory
xamneH>a;
2) ,n;a npe Hero llITO 6y,n;e carnylllaH, HMa ca 6paHwou;eM rroBeplbHB pa3-
roBop Kojw ce Ha,n;3.npe caMo rnep;alf>eM, a He 11 cnylliaH>eM;
3) ,n;a 3axTeBa ,n;a 6e3 o,n;naraH>a o xarr11IeH>y 6y,n;e o6aBellITeH HeKo op;
tJnattoBa H>eroBe rropo,n;wu;e wnw ,n;pyro H>eMy 6n.ncKo n.nu;e, Kao w ,n;.nrrno­
MaTCK0-KOH3YJiapH.n rrpep;CTaBHJ1K ,n;p)l(aBe -q.njw je p;p)l(aBJbaHHH, 0,ll;HOC-
82 ArreKcaHp;ap BornKOBJ1n, Tatba KeCJ1n: KpuBU'-IHO npou,ecHo npaBo

HO npegcTaBHMK OBJiarnheHe MeQ)'Hapo;1J;He opraHMsau;Mje jaBHonpaBHOr

KapaKTepa, aKo je y ITMTalhy Ms6emMu;a MJIM JIMu;e 6es gp)KaBJbaHCTBa;
4) ,o;a sax:TeBa ga ra 6es ognaralba npemega neKap Kojer CJio6ogHo 11sa-
6epe, a aKo OH HMje gocTynaH, neKap Kojer o,o;pe,o;11 jaBHM TY)KJ1Jiau;, og­
HOCHO C�.
JI11u;e yxanrneHo 6es ognyKe cyga, op;HOCHO m1u;e yxanrneHo Ha ocHoBy
OAJIYKe cyga Koje HMje cacnyrnaHo, Mopa 611TJ1 6es ognaralha, a HajKaCH11je
y poKy og 48 qacoBa, npegaTo Hap;Jie)KH0M cyg11jJ1 sa npeTxo,o;H11 nocTy­
naK J1JIJ1 aKo ce TO He ,o;orogM, nyrnTeHo Ha CJio6ogy. 127

2.3. ,[(y)KHQCTJ1 0KpMBJbeHOr

IIope,o; 3Ha'IajHor 6poja npaBa, 0KpMBJbem1 J1Ma 11 ogpeQeHe AY)KH0CT11
y KpJ1BJ1qH0M nocTynKy. Y nMTalhY cy caMo p;Be AY)KHOCTJ1 l1 o6e ce, sa­
npaBo, CBOp;e Ha o6aBesy 0KpMBJI,eHor p;a CTynl1 y Kpl1BJ1'IHJ1 Il0CTynaK 11
y g11peKTHoj cy Be3J1 ca o6aBe3oM cy,o;a ga Kpl1Bl1'-IHM noCTynaK cnpoBege
6es o,o;yroBJiaqelba 11 ga 0HeMoryh11 CBaKy snoynoTpe6y npaBa ycMepeHy
Ka ogyroBJiaqelhy ('IJI. 14, cT. 1 3KII).
IlpBa ,o;y)KH0CT oKpMBJbettor jeCTe ga ce o,o;asoBe Ha nos11B opratta no­
cTynKa, a ,o;pyra ,o;a 06aBeCTJ1 opraH noCTynKa o npoMeH11 agpece npe6J1-
BaJIJ1rnTa J1JIJ1 6opaBl1lllTa, o;ri;HocHo o HaMep11 ga np0Mett11 agpecy npe-
611BaJIJ1rnTa J1JIJ1 6opaBJ1lllTa. OpraH nocTynKa je ,o;y)KaH ,o;a oKpMBJbeHor
6naroBpeMeHo ynosHa ca 0BMM AY)KHOCTJ1Ma, TaqH1,1je npe npBor caCJiy­
lllalba, a npe;ri;cegHMK Beha Ha noqeTKY maBHOr npeTpeca ('IJI. 85, CT 2 11
'IJI. 389, CT. 1, T. 3 3KII).
OKpMBJbeHJ1 je gy)KaH ga ce o;ri;asoBe Ha no3MB opraHa noCTynKa, c 06-
s11poM Ha TO ;ri;a je cyQelbe y o,o;cycTBy 11syseTaK. CyQelbe y ogcycTBy je MO­
ryhe caMo Ka;ri;a nocToje ttapo'Il1TO onpaBp;aHM pasnos11 1,1 no,o; ycnoBoM ,o;a
je y 6eKCTBY l1JIJ1 HMje gocTynaH gp)KaBHMM opratt11Ma. Pelllelbe o cyQelby
y ogcycTBy ;ri;0Hoc11 npeTpecHo Behe, Ha npe;ri;nor OBJialllhettor Ty)K11ou;a.
IIpoTMB pelllelba o cyQelby y o;ri;cycTBy Moryhe je 11sjaBI1TJ1 )Kan6y Koja
HeMa cycneH3J1BH0 ;ri;ejcTBo (qJI. 381 3KII).
Y ;ri;11peKTHOj Be3J1 ca 0BOM AY)KHOlllhy je J1 MoryhHOCT 11sp11u;aH>a
HeKe o;ri; Mepa Koj11Ma ce o6es6eQyje np1,1cycTBo OKpMBJbeHor 11 o6es6eQyje
HeCMeTaH0 BOQelbe Kpl1BJ1qHor nocTynKa. ,[(aKJie, OKp11BJbeHJ1 ce MOpa
ogasBaT11 Ha no3l1B cyga, y cynpoTHOM, npeMa lbeMy ce M0)Ke np11MeH11-
TJ1 Te)Ka Mepa sa o6es6eQMBalbe np1,1cycTBa, Kao lllTO je Ha np11Mep ;ri;o­
BOQelbe, sa6paHa HanylllTalba cTaHa J1JIM npMTBop. li1naK, nocToje onya-
127 B1m1e o nojeA11Hl1M HeAOyM111-1aMa se3aH11M 3a npastt11 nono)!(aj yxanmeHor y: Kec11n, T.
(2014). Me�yHapooHu cma1-1oapou nocmyna1-1ia nolluu,uje y KpuauttHuM cmaapuMa, Kp11M11Ham1-
CTl1'1Ko-non11�11jcKa aKaAeM11ja, Beorpa,n;.
 Kp11Bwrnonpou;ecH11 cy6jeKTJ1 83

l.\Hje y KOjMMa ce He npM6eraBa npMHY)J,HMM MepaMa Ka)J,a ce OKpMBJbeHM

He O):\a3OBe Ha ypeP,aH 1103MB, a M3OCTaHaK He onpaB)J,a (Hnp. aKO ype,D,HO
Il03BaH OnTy)KeHM He p;ol)e Ha npHnpeMHO poqm11Te HMTM CBOj M3OCTa­
HaK onpaBP,a, npe,D,cep;HMK Bena MO)Ke o,n;nyqMTM P,a o,n;p)KM npMnpeMHO
poqIDIITe aKO je npMCYTaH 6paHMJiau;).

3. Mepe 33 o6e36el)elbe rrpu:cycTB3 oKpHBllieHor

H 33 HeCMeT3HO Bol)elbe KpHBH'IHOr IIOCTYIIK3

3.1. Omnrn: ycnoBM 3a oP,pel)MBalhe Mepa

Y Mepe 3a o6e36el)elhe npMcycTBa oKpMBJI,eHor M 3a HecMeTaHo

so9ett,e KpMBwrnor nocTynKa cna,n;ajy: no3MB, P,OBol)elhe, 3a6paHa npM­
nIDI<ett,a, cacrnjalba MJIM KOMyttMu;Mpalba ca OP,pel)eHMM JIMIJ;eM, 3a6paHa
HanynITaH>a 6opaBMIIITa, jeMCTBO, 3a6paHa HanylllTaH>a CTaHa M npMTBOp.
IlpmmKOM OP,pel)MBa:H>a OBMX Mepa, opraH TIOCTynKa je P,y)KaH )J,a ce
npw,n;p )KaBa OCHOBHMX rrpaBMJia MJIM, KaKO 3aKOH Ka)Ke, OTIIIITMX ycJIOBa 3a
fM1XOBY rrpMMeHy. Ha npBoM MecTy je nezanumem, a orne,D,a ce y o6aBe3M
Ha,[\ne)KHor opraHa ,n;a ce npH,n;p)KaBa ycnoBa Koje 3aKOH npeP,BMl)a 3a npM­
Metty noje,n;MHMX Mepa. Ma,D,a OBO npaBMJIO HMje eKCTIJIMIJ;MTHO 3aKOHOM o,n;­
pe9eHO, OHO ce noP,pa3JMeBa Kpo3 yKyntty o6aBe3y tta,n;Jie)KHMX opraHa P,a
nocrynajy y CKJiaP,y ca 3aKOHOM, Kp03 o,n;pe,D,6y Koja rOBOpM O u;MJI,Y TIOCTyn­
Ka (qrr_ 1, CT. 1 3KTI), Kao M Kpo3 rnaBy 8 3KTI Koja npeP,BMl)a BpcTe Mepa 3a
o6e36eteH>e rrpMcycrna oKpMBJI,eHor M 3a HeCMeTaHO Bol)ett,e KpMBMqHor
nocrynKa, ycnoBe, HaP,Jie)KHe opraHe M rrocTynaK OP,JiyqMBalba o MepaMa.
�pyr11 ycJIOB O)J,HOCM ce Ha nponopt1iUOHaJlHOCm M M3pa)KeH je o6aBe-
30M H ap;Jie)KHOr opraHa P,a BOP,M paqyHa P,a ce He npMMett,yje Te)Ka Mepa
aKO ce HCTa CBpxa MO)Ke TIOCTMilM 6Jia)KOM MepoM (Hrrp. Hene ce Hape,D,11-
TH ,[\OBotett,e aKo ce rrpvrcycrno OKpMBJI,eHor MO)Ke 06e36e,D,MTM MJIM aKo
Hwje nOKYlllaHo P,a ce o6e36e,D,M rro3MBatt,eM). TpenM ycnoB Be3yje ce 3a
Mozyr1Hocm ucmo6peMeHe npuMeHe 6UUle Mepa ex officio, Koja rrocTojM y
cnyqajeBMMa Ka,D,a opraH rrocTyrrKa rrpou;eHM P,a ce CBpxa Mepe He MO)Ke
OCTBapHTH rrpMMeHOM caMo je,D,He Mepe, Ben rrpMMeHOM ,n;Be JilJIJ,f BJ1llle Me­
pa.128 lJ:eTBpTM OIIIIITM ycnoB orne,n;a ce y npeucnumu6al-by onpa6aa1-tocmu
U3petteHe Mepe ex officio, rrpeMa KojeM ce M3peqeHa Mepa MO)Ke JKMHYTM
no crry)K6eHoj AY)KHOCTJ1 Ka,D,a rrpecrnHy pa3JI03l1 36or KojMX je OP,pel)e-

128 Ba)l(HO je JIICTan11 /.(a ce Re Mory CBC Mepe 11CTOBpeMeHO npl1MCHl1Tl1, C o6311poM Ha TO /.(a
nocroje Mepe Koje cy l1HKOMnaTH6HnHe (Hnp. jeMcrno 11 np11TBop ). C /.\pyre CTpaHe, Mepa 3a6paHe
Hanyrnra!-ba 6opaa11!llTa MO)!(e ce 113penH y3 Mepy 3a6paHe npHna)!(eH>a, cacrnja!ba 11n11 KOMYHH-
11Hpalba ca 011pel)eH11M m11.-1eM 11 en.
 Kp11BH" rnorrpou;ecH11 cy6jeKTJ1
1
85

nacKa rrpeMa lheMy 6MTli1 o.n;pel)etta Te)Ka Mepa; CJiy)K6ettli1 rre'!aT 11 MMe M
npe3HMe jaBHor TY)KMOu;a J1JIJ1 cy.n;Mje KojJ.1 rro3J1Ba ('In. 191, CT. 2 3KIT).
I1ope,n; Tora, 3aKOHOM cy rroce6Ho rrpe.n;aJ11)eHa rrpaaa J1 .n;y)KHOCTJ.1
OKpHBJbeHor y cnyqajy I103MBalba . Ka.n;a ce OKpli1BJbeHJ1 rrpBM rryT I103MBa,
norrnhe ce y no3MBy: o rrpaay .n;a Y3Me 6paHMou;a J1 .n;a 6paHJ1Jiau; MO)Ke
DpHCYCTBOBaTJ.1 H,efOBOM cacnyrnaH>y, 0 .n;y)KHOCTJ1 .n;a o6aaeCTJ1 opraH
0 npoMeHM a.n;pece npe611Ba JIJ1lIITa J1JIJ1 6opaBJ1IIITa, O)];HOCHO O HaMepM
Aa npoMeHJ.1 a.n;pecy rrpe6J1aan11IIITa 11n11 6opaBJ1IIITa, 11 o npaBJ1JI11Ma o
AOCTaBJbaH>y OKpMBJbeHOM. AKO OKpJ1BJbeHJ1 HJ1je y CTaH>y .n;a ce o.n;a3oBe
noaHBy ycne,n; 6onecT11 J1JIJ1 .n;pyre HeOTKJIOH,11Be cMeTH>e, carnyr.uahe ce y
Mecry r,n;e ce HaJia3J1 J1JIJ1 he ce o6e36e.n;11T11 H,eroa rrpeao3 ,n;o 3rpa.n;e op­
raHa nocTyrrKa J1JIJ1 .n;pyror MecTa r.n;e ce pa.n;H>a rrpe.n;y3MMa ('!JI. 192 3KIT).

3.3. ,D;oaol)eH>e
AoBol;)eH>e je cTpO)KJ1ja Mepa 3a 06e36e1)eH,e rrp11cycTBa oKp11BJbeHor y
KpHBH'fHOM IIOCTynKy, Koja ce rrp11MeH,yje y 3aKOHOM rrpe.n;BM1)eHJ1M cny-
11ajeBJ1Ma, a peaJIM3yje ce J.13,n;aaaH,eM Hape,n;6e 3a .n;oaol)eH,e. Hape.n;6y 3a
AOBOQeH,e MO)Ke J13)];aTM jaBHJ1 TY)KMJiau; J1JIJ1 cy.n;, y 3aBJ1CHOCTJ1 o.n; <pa3e
KpHBM'fHor nocTynKa. Hape.n;6oM ce HaJia)Ke rronJ1u;11j11 ,n;a o,n;pel)ettor .n;atta
y o,n;pel;)eHo BpeMe np1-rny.n;tto ,n;oae.n;e oKp11BJbeHor.
ITpaBHM OCHOB 3a 113.n;aaaH>e Hape.n;6e o .n;oaol)eH,y o6yxBaTa TPJ.1 rny-
11aja. I1pB11 ce O)];HOCJ1 Ha CMTyau;Mjy y KOjoj, 11aKo je OKp11BJbeHJ1 ype.n;Ho
no3BaH - Ha no311B ce H11je o.n;a3aao, Hli1TJ1 je caoj 113ocTaHaK onpaa.n;ao
(11n. 195, CT. 1, T. 1 3KIT). ITo3MB ce cMaTpa ype.n;tto .n;ocTaBJbeHMM aKo je
OKpHBJbeHJ.1 J1JIJ1 JIJ1u;e Koje je OBJiaIIIneHo ,n;a rrpMMJ1 IT03J1B IlOTill1CaJIO
AOCTaBH11u;y (noapaTm1u;y) Koja je caCTaBHJ.1 ,n;eo no3MBa. ,D;ocTaBH11u;a ce
spaha opraHy KOjJ.1 je II03J1B ynyTJ.10 J1 qyaa ce y cn11rnMa opraHa noCTyn­
Ka Kao ,n;oKa3 ype.n;Hor II03J1BaH,a.
Apyr11 OCHOB 3a .n;oaol)eH,e CJIM'IaH je rrpeTxo.n;ttoM 11 ome,n;a ce y He­
MoryhttOCTJ.1 ype.n;Hor ,ZJ;OCTaBJbaH,a Il0311Ba jep 113 OKOJIHOCTJ.1 O'IJ1f7Ie.n;Ho
npmmrna311 .n;a oKpMBJbeHJ.1 M36eraaa np11jeM no3MBa ('IJI . 195, CT. 1, T.
2 3KII). ,lJ;aKJie, 36or o.n;roaapajyher noHaIIIaH>a oKpMBJbeHor ycMepettor
Ha H36eraBalbe npMjeMa no3J1Ba .n;o ype.n;ttor no311BaH>a H11je HM Momo
Aa ,n;ol;)e, '!MMe ce CTBapajy YCJIOBJ1 3a rrpMMeHy Te)Ke Mepe, O)];HOCHO .n;o­
sol)eH>a.
Tpeh11 ornoa npeMa KojeM je Moryhe Hape.n;11T11 ,n;oaol)eH,e oKp11BJbeHor
se3yje ce 3a OKOJIHOCTJ.1 y KOjMMa je cy.n; .n;otteo perneH,e o rrp11TBopy ( '!JI.
195, CT. l, T. 3 3KIT). J,,fa.n;aBaH,eM Hape.n;6e o .n;oaol)eH,y npaKTJ1'IHO ce OMO­
ryhyje pearr113au;11ja pemeH>a o rrp11TBopy.
 KpJ.1BJ.1 1rnonpou;ecm1 cy6jeKTJ.1 87

2) p;a llOHOBJ1 Kp11BW:IHO p;eno, p;oBpnrn IlOKylllaHO Kp11BJ1qHo p;eno J1JIJ1

Aa rit1Hli1 KpHBJ1qHo p;eno KOjJ1M rrpeTJ1.
Ilop; OBJ1M ycnoBJ1Ma cy.n; MO)Ke 3a6paHJ1TM OKpHBJI,eHOM rrpHJia)Kelbe,
cacTajaI-he 11n11 KOMyH11u;11patt,e ca o.n;pe9eHJ1M n11u;eM 11 rroceh11Bal-he op;­
peljeHHX MeCTa. Y3 OBY Mepy cyp; MO)Ke OKp11BJI,eHOM HaJIO)KJ1TJ1 p;a ce no­
BpeMeHO jaBJI,a IIOJIJ1IJ;J1j11, IIOBepeHJ1KY 113 opraHa .n;p)KaBHe ynpaBe Hap;­
ne)KHOr 3a J13Bplllefue Kp11BJ1qHJ,1J( CaHKIJ;Hja J1JIJ1 .n;pyroM p;p)KaBHOM opra­
HY op;peQeHor 3aKOHOM (qn. 197 3KIT). Mepa ce cBop;11 Ha ycrrocTaBJI,al-be
3a6paHe 0KpJ1BJI,eHOM p;a rrp11na311, cacTaje ce 11n11 KOMytt11u;11pa ca op;­
peljeHHM JIJ1IJ;eM J1JIJ1 JIJ1IJ;J1Ma, y3 HaBOQel-he MJ1HJ1MaJIHe )];J1CTaHu;e KOja
Mopa 6HTJ1 IIOIIITOBaHa (Hrrp. YBOQelbe 3a6paHe OKpl1BJI,eHOM p;a OIIITehe­
HOM MJIH CBep;oKy np11na311 Ha Malbe op; 200 MeTapa 11 en.). O6aBe3a no­
BpeMeHor jaBJI,al-ba o.n;pe9eHoM p;p)KaBHOM opraHy 0611qHo ce cBop;11 Ha
A}')KHOCT OKp11BJI,eHor p;a ce jaBJI,a IIOJIJ1IJ;J1jJ1 y npaBJ1JIHJ1M BpeMeHCKJ1M
irnrepBan11Ma, o qeMy je rron11u;11ja .n;y)l(Ha ,n;a p;ocTaBJ1 J13BenITaj (Hnp. Ha
CBaKwx 7 p;aHa p;a ce jaBH non11u;11jCKoj CTaH11u;11 rrpeMa MecTy npe611Ba­
mnnra J1JIJ1 6opaBJ1IIITa).
3a pa3JIJ1KY op; p;ocap;alllfuer peIIIel-ha, 3aKoHop;aBau; je cap;a op;Boj110 Mepy
3a6paHe HaITYIIITafua 6opaBJ1IIITa op; oBe Mepe, yJBepett,y p;a cy OHe pa3JIJ1-
qHre rrpv1po.n;e 11 u;11JI,eBa, Te ,n;a he 11 lbl1XOBO op;BojeHo .n;eqmH11cal-be .n;onp11-
HerH J11-bl1XOBOM rrpaBJ1JIHJ1jeM pa3YMeBal-by y nocTynKy rrp11MeHe. 131
Op;nJKy o OBoj Mep11 p;0Hoc11 cy.n; Ha rrpe.n;nor jaBHor Ty)KJ1ou;a, c TJ1M p;a
HaKOH rroTBpQMBalba orrTy)KHJ1u;e OBY o.n;nyKy MO)Ke p;oHeT11 11 no cny)K6e­
Hoj p;y)KH0CTJ1. llho ce <pyttKu;110HaJIHe Hap;Jie)KHOCTJ1 3a )];OHOIIIelbe o.n;ny­
Ke rv1qe, y TOKY 11cTpare o6pa3JIO)KeHo peIIIefue o op;pe911Bafuy, rrpo,n;y­
)l(eH>y HJIJ1JKH)];al-by Mepe ,ll;OHOCJ1 cy,n;Hja 3a npeTXO)];HJ1 IIOCTynaK, a rrocne
rrop;wrnyTe onTy)KHJ1u;e - rrpep;cep;HHK Beha, p;oK Ha rnaBHOM rrpeTpecy TO
qffHM cyp;ene Behe. OKpJ1BJI,eH11 he ce y peIIIel-hy o 113p11u;att,y Mepe yrro30-
pwrv1 p;a ce rrpeMa I-heMy MO)Ke op;pep;J1TJ1 Te)Ka Mepa aKo rrpeKpIIIH H3pe­
qeHy 3a6paHy. PeIIIelbe o 113p11u;al-hy Mepe p;ocTaB11ne ce 11 n11u;y y op;Hocy
Ha KOje je OKp11BJI,eHOM o.n;pe9eHa Mepa.
Mepa Tpaje OHOJIJ1KO KOJIHKO je IIOTpe6Ho, a Haj,n;y)Ke p;o npaBHOCHa)K­
HOCTM rrpecyp;e, O)];HOCHO p;o ynyh11Bal-ba OKpl1BJI,eHor Ha H3p;p)KaBalbe
KpHBJ1qHe caHKu;11je Koja ce cacrnj11 y n11rnelby cno6op;e. YrrpKoc TOMe, cy,n;
je p;y)KaH p;a CBaKa 3 Meceu;a J1CIIJ1Ta ,z:i;a JIM je p;aJI,e Tpajalbe Mepe orrpaB­
AaHo. IlpoTMB peIIIefua KojHM ce o.n;pe9yje, rrpo.n;y)KaBa J1JIJ1 YKJ1p;a oBa
Mepa, CTpaHKe J1 6paHJ1nau; Mory J13jaBJ1TJ1 )Kan6y. JaBHJ1 TY)KJ1J1au; MO)Ke
113jaBJ1TJ1 )Kan6y 11 npoTHB peIIIelba Koj11M je op;611jeH I-heroB rrpep;nor 3a

131 !t1n.11n, f. rr. et al. (2013). Opus citatum, CTp. 427.

 Kp11BJ1'ltto11po�ecm1 cy6jeKTJ1 89

11eHa Mepa np:irnpeMettor o,n;y311MaH>a rryTtte 11crrpaBe, a 0Kp11BJbeH11 11Ma

HeOJVJO)KHY IIOTpe6y ,n;a rryTyje y Ji1HOCTpaHCTBO, cy,n; MO)Ke o,n;pe,n;l1Tl1 ,n;a
MY ce rryTHa J1CIIpaBa BpaTJ1 aKo OKpJ1BJbeHJ1 IIOCTaBJ1 rryHOMOflHJ1Ka 3a
npHjeM IIOIIITe y Perry6n11u;11 Cp6wjJ1 11 o6eha ,n;a he ce Ha CBaK11 II0311B
C}'Aa OAa3Barn: 117111 aKO II0710)Kl1 jeMCTBO.
Mepa MO)Ke TpajaTJ1 ,n;oK 3a TO IlOCTOj11 IIOTpe6a, a Haj,n;y)Ke ,n;o rrpaB­
HOCH�HOCTJ1 rrpecy,n;e, O,Il;HOCHO ,n;o yrryhvrnatt,a OKpI1BJbeHor Ha 113,Il;p)Ka­
BaH>e KpJ1BJ1'IHe cattKu;11je Koja ce cacrnj11 y n11lllelby rno6o,n;e. Cy,n; je ,n;y­
>KaH Aa caaKa 3 Meceu;a 11crr11Tyje ,n;a n11 je p;aJbe Tpajalhe Mepe orrpanp;atto.
IIponrn peIIIelba KojJ1M ce op;pe:t)yje, rrpo,n;y)KaBa li17111 YKMp;a OBa Mepa,
crpaHKe 116paHJ1Jiau; Mory 1i13jaBJ1Tl1 )KaJI6y. JaBHJ1 TY)KMJiau; MO)Ke J13jaBJi1-
TH >KaJI6y J1 rrpoTJ1B pelllett,a o o,n;6Mjalby rrpep;nora 3a op;pe:t)MBalbe Mepe, a
>KaJI6a HeMa cycrreH3J1BHO p;ejcTBo.
IIopeA MoryhttocTM 113pMu;att,a rrp11BpeMeHor op;y3MMalba no3a11Ke p;o-
3Bone Kao p;orryHcKe Mepe y3 3a6paHy ttarrYlllTatt,a 6opaBMlllTa, cy,n; OBY
Mepy MO)Ke J13pehv1 J1 caMOCTalIHO. To je Moryhe y1111HJ1TJ1 aKO ce IIOCTy­
naK BOAJ1 36or Kp11BJ1'IHOr ,n;ena y Be3M ca 'lli1jli1M M3Bpllle:fbeM Mllli1 rrpHrrpe­
MalbeM je KOp11IIIfleHO MOTOpHO B03J1JIO, O)];HOCHO 36or Kp11BJ1'1HOr ,n;eJia
yrpo)KaBaH>a jaBHOr cao6pahaja Koje je yq11lbeHo ca YMJ1lllJbajeM. BpeMe
3a Koje je B03a'IKa ,n;o3BOJia o,n;y3eTa 0KpJ1BJbeHoM ypa11yHane ce y J13pe11e­
HY Ka3HY op;y311Matt,a B03a4Ke p;o3BOlle MJIJ1 y Mepy 6e36e,n;HOCTJ1 3a6paHe
ynpaBJbaH>a MOTOpH11M B031i1JIOM.

3.6. JeMCTBO
JeMCTBO rrpe,n;cranJba Mepy 3a 06e36eljett,e rrpHcycTBa oKpMBJbettor :vi 3a
BecMeTaHo Boljelbe Kp11B1i1'IHOr rrocTyrrKa Koja je 3aMli1ll1Jbetta Kao amep­
BaTHBa rrp11tBopy. JeMCTBO ce MO)Ke op;pe,n;J1TJ1 rrpeMa OKp1i1BJbeHOM KOjJ1
tpe6a Aa 6y,n;e cTaBJbeH y np11TBop MlIM je neh y rrp11TBopy 113 rne,n;eh11x
pa3nora:
I) aKO ce KpMje li171J1 ce He MO)Ke YTBpp;11Tli1 lberoBa J1CTOBeTHOCT J1711i1 aKO
y csojcrny orrTy)KeHor o•rnrnep;Ho 1136eraBa ,n;a p;olje Ha rnaBHli1 rrpeTpec
llJ1H aKo ITOCToje ,n;pyre OKOJIHOCT1i1 Koje YKa3yjy Ha orraCHOCT op; 6eKCTBa;
2) aKo je 3a Kp11BM'IHO p;eno Koje MY ce CTaBJba Ha TepeT rrpornrcaHa
Ka3Ha 3aTBopa rrpeKO 10 ro,n;11Ha, O)];HOCHO rrpeKO 5 ro,n;vrna 3a KpMBJ1'1HO
AeJio ca eneMeHTMMa ttac11Jba 11n11 MY je rrpecy,n;oM rrpBocTeneHor cy,n;a J13-
pe'leHa Ka3Ha 3aTBopa o,n; 5 ro,n;J1Ha J1JIJ1 Te)Ka Ka3Ha, a p;a cy tta1111tt J13Bp­
we11,a J1JIJ1 Te)KJ,rna nocne,n;1,n�e Kpwn1111ttor ,n;ena ,n;oneJIM ,n;o Y3HeM11pel.iJa
jaBHOCTH Koje MO)Ke yrpo3J1TJ1 HeCMeTaHO J1 npaBJ1'1HO noljelbe KpJ1BJ1'1-
HOr nocTynKa.
 KpMBM•-monpou;ernM cy6jeKTJtI 91

KO 0Kp1t1BJbeH11 6e3 o;n;o6peH>a cwi;a o;n;e y 1rnocTpaHCTBO Ha ne'-lelbe, Ka;n;a

OKpHBJbeH11 HaKOH npaBHOCHa)I<HOf ocyl)eH>a Ha Ka3HY 3aTBopa no6erne
npe rrotJ:eTKa 113;n;p)I(aBalba Ka3He M en.).
Y1woa1-t1e jeMcmsa HacTyna aKo oKpMBJbeHM Ha ype;n;aH no3MB opra­
Ha rrocTyrrKa He ;n;ol)e, a 113ocTaHaK He onpaap;a MJIM aKo ce nojaBM HeK11
APYrH pa3nor 3a o;n;pel)11aalbe npMTBopa. 133 Y rr11TaH>y je TaKBO rroHamalbe
oKpHB/beHor Koje HMje y CKna;n;y ca npmrnaneHMM o6ase3aMa, anM He JKa3yje
HeAJ3ocMJ1cneHo Ha lberoay HaMepy Aa M36erne Bol)elbe nocTynKa. 134
,[(OHOlllelbeM pemelba O JKM;D;alby jeMCTBa, II07IO)I(eHJ1 HOB'-laHM J13HOC,
AparoQeHOCTM, xapTMje OA apeAHOCTJ1 l17Il1 p;pyre IlOKpeTHe CTBapM ce
Bpahajy, a XMIIOTeKa ce CKMll;a. Ha l1CTJ1 Hal.{J1H he ce IlOCTynl1Tl1 J1 KaAa ce
KpHBHtJ:H11 IIOCTynaK npaBHOCHa)I(HO OKOH'-la pemeH>eM O o6ycTaBJ1 no­
c rynKa J1n11 y CJiytJ:ajy OA6Mja.tt,a orrTy)I(6e 11nM npecy,i:oM. 135 AKo je npecy­
AOM H3petJ:eHa Kp11BJ1'-1Ha caHKu;Mja Koja ce cacTojM y n11melby cno6o;n;e, jeM­
CTBO ce YKMAa TeK KaAa ocyl)eHJ1 IlOlJHe Aa l13ll;p)I(aBa Kp11BJ1'-IHY caHKIJ;Mjy.

3.7. 3a6paHa HanymTaH>a CTaHa

3a6paHa ttarrymTalba CTaHa je rroTnytto HOBa Mepa KojoM ce o6e36el)yje
npHcycTBO OKp11BJbeHOr y Kp11Bl1'-IHOM IIOCTyrrKy l1 HeCMeTaHO aol)elbe
KpHBHtJ:HOf IlOCTynKa. I1pa11 rryT je yseAeHa y ,QOMane 3aKOHO;n;aBCTBO 3a­
KOHOM O l13MeHaMa l1 AOIIyHaMa 3KI1 l13 2009. fOAMHe, Kao rroce6aH 06-
nHK nHlllelba, orpaHM'-lelba JIM'-IHe cno6o,n;e. 136 Mepa je yse,n;eHa ca IJ;MJbeM
npy)Katt,a jorn je,n;He aITTepttaTMBe rrp11Tsopy, c ofo11poM Ha TO ,n;a je BeJIMK
6poj rny,-i:ajeBa y Koj11Ma je M3pMu;aH np11TBop. 137 Peq je o MepM Koja je no-
3Hara 1101]; Ha3J1B0M ,,KynHM npMTBop", KOjOM ce OKpMBJbeHOM 3a6pa.tt,yje
Aa 6e3 op;o6peH>a cyp;a HarrycTM CTaH y3 eaeHTyanHo o;n;pel)11salbe ycnoaa
DOA KOjHMa he y CTatty 6opaBMTJ1.
3a6paHa HarrymTalba CTaHa ce MO)I(e o,n;pep;MTM aKo IIOCToje OKOJIHOCTM
Koje YKa3yjy ,n;a 6M OKp11BJbeHJ1 Morao no6eh11 lilJIJ.1 aKO IIOCToje OKOJIHOCTJ1
npeABHt)eHe 3a OApel)11salbe rrp11Tsopa y CJieAeh11M cnyqajeBMMa:
1) aKO ce KpMje l1JIJ1 ce He MO)I(e YTBP,D;l1Tl1 lberosa MCTOBeTHOCT MJIM aKO
y caojcTBy orrTy)I(eHor O'-IMrne,n;Ho 1136erasa p;a ,n;ol)e Ha rnaBHM rrpeTpec
HJIH aKO IIOCTOje ;n;pyre OKOJIHOCTJ.1 KOje yKa3yjy Ha orracHOCT op; 6eKCTBa;
133 Os11e MMaMO y BMAY OCHOBe 3a npMTBOp 36or KOjMX ce nMI.\Y He MO)KC npMJCBaTMTM jeMCTBO,
O/IHOCHO pa3no31,1 M3 'III. 211, CT. 1, T. 2 M 3 3KD.
134 y C/ly"lajy o,11y3MMaH>a jeMCTBa, rroHawaH>e OKpMB/l,CHOT je pe3yJITaT H>erose B01!,HC 3KI.\Mje
yoiepette Ha 1rn6erasa1-1,e MJIM oTe)Ka.B · � solje1-1,a KpMBM'IHor noCTynKa. J1JIMf1, r. TT. et al.
(2013). Opus citatum, cTp. 444. �H\l fr'. ·1 .'�
135 3aKOHO,llaBal.\ MMa y BM,IIY eti'ehe H3'-IMHC (i>}<O)!'-IaH>a rrocTynKa: rrpecy,11y KOjOM ce OrrTy)K6a
0116Hja, ocno6aljajyhy M ocyljyjY, y"npecy,11y. "--':·� TT CJiy)K6CHM rnaCHMK, Eeorpa,11, CTp. 139.
136 lllKynMn, M. (2009). Kp U';IHO npowrno npdlfo
137 81111,e O TOMe: J1n11h, r. . �t al. (2013). Opus c(t um, CTp. 445.
,
·�
\. -as C;)-..

\
'-:-,,, ,·\.•A
"-: ., ,"\�
, ..
• • .. ·: '-! '
/4
..:.....
92 AneKcaH.n;ap BolllKOBwh, TaH>a Kec11h: Kpuaw-mo npou,eCHo npaao
2) aKO ocofo1Te OKOJIHOCTJ.1 yi<a3yjy ,n;a he y KpaTKOM BpeMeHCKOM ne­
pJ.10,n;y 110HOBJ.1TJ.1 KpJ.1BJ.1"t!HO ,n;eJIO J.1JIJ.1 ,n;oBplllJ.1TJ.1 KpJ.1BJ.1<iHO ,n;eJIO J.11U1
Y"t!J.1HJ.1TJ1 Kpl1BJ1tJHO ,n;eJIO KOjJ1M rrpen1;
3) aKO je 3a Kpl1BJ1tJHO ,n;eJIO KOje MY ce CTaBJba Ha TepeT rrpo1111caHa
Ka3Ha 3aTBopa rrpeKO 10 ro,n;1rna, O,ll;HOCHO npeKO 5 fO,ll;J.1Ha 3a Kpl1B11'1H0
,n;eno ca eneMeHTJ.1Ma ttac11Jba J1JIJ1 MY je 11pecy,n;oM 11pBOCTe11ettor cy,n;a 113-
peqeHa Ka3Ha 3aTBopa op; 5 ro,n;11Ha J1JIJ1 Te)Ka Ka3Ha, a ,n;a cy Ha'!J1H 113Bp­
I1IeH:,a 11n11 Te)K11Ha 11ocne,n;11Qe Kp11BJ1'iHOr ,n;ena ,n;OBen11 ,n;o y3HeM11pe11,a
jaBHOCTJ1 Koje MO)Ke yrp03J1TJ1 HeCMeTaHO J1 npaBJ1'iHO Bot)eH:,e Kpl1BJ1ll­
HOr 11OCTynKa.
Y OBHM rnTyaQ11jaMa cy,n; MO)Ke ,n;a 3a6paH11 oKpHBJbeHOM ,n;a 6e3 o�o-
6peH:,a Ha11ycTJ1 CTaH y KojeM 6opaB11 11 ,n;a o,n;pe,n;11 yrnoBe 11O,n; Koj11Ma he
6opaBJ1TJ1 y CTaHy, Kao lllTO cy 3a6paHa OKpl1BJbeHOM ,n;a KOpl1CTJ1 TeJie­
q:>OH J1 J1HTepHeT J1JIJ1 ,n;a 11p11Ma ,n;pyra JIJ1Qa y CTaH ('!JI. 208, CT. 1 3KI1).
J13y3eTHO, OKpl1BJbeHJ1 MO)Ke J1 6e3 o,n;o6peH:,a ,n;a HarryCTJ1 CBOj CTaH aK0
je TO HeOl1XO,ll;HO pa,n;11 XJ1THe Me,D;J1QJ.1HCKe J1HTepBeHQJ1je y o,n;Hocy Ha H,era
11n11 JIJ1Qe ca Koj11M )KJ1BJ1 y cTatty, o,n;ttoctto pa,n;11 1136eraBaH:,a J1JIJ1 c11peqa­
BaH:,a 03611JbHe onaCHOCTJ1 11O )KJ1BOT J1JIJ1 3p;paBJbe Jby,D;J1, O,ll;HOCHO J1MOBM­
HY Beher 0611Ma. OKpJ1BJbeHJ1 je ,n;y)KaH ,n;a o tta11yI1ITafuy CTaHa, pa3nory 11
MecTy Ha KojeM ce TpettyTHO Hana311, 6e3 o,n;naraH:,a 06aBeCTJ1 nOBepett1,1Ka
113 opraHa ynpaBe tta,n;Jie)KHOr 3a J13BpI1IeH:,e Kp11BJ1'iHJ1X caHKQJ.1ja.
Mepy o,n;pet)yje cy,n;, y 11cTpa311 - cy,n;11ja 3a npeTXO)J;HJ1 rroCTynaK, a
11OCJie 11O,n;11rnyTe O11TY)KHJ1Qe - npeTpecHO Bene, Ha 11pe,n;nor jaBHOf ry­
)KJ1OQa, a 11ocne noTBp1)11BaH>a orrTy)l(HJ1Qe 11 no cny)l(6ettoj ,n;y)l(ttocrn.
PemeH>e Koj11M ce op;pe1)yje 3a6patta ttarryuITaH>a cTaHa ,n;ottoc11 ce 110
11pJ116aBJbeHOM MJlllllJbeH>y jaBHOf TY)K11OQa, aKO ce rrocTynaK BO)J;J1 110 1-be­
fOBOM 3axTeBy. OKpJ1BJbeHJ1 ce y peI1IeH>y yno3opaBa ,n;a ce npor11B H>era
MO)Ke o,n;pe,n;J.1TJ1 11pJ11rBop aKo npeKpnrn M3petJetty 3a6patty.
Mepa Tpaje ,n;oK ITOCTOjJ1 norpe6a, a Haj,n;y)Ke ,n;o npaBHOCHa)l(HOCTl1
npecy,n;e, O)J;HOCHO ,n;o ynyh11BaJ-ba OKpJIIBJbeHOf Ha 113,D;p)l(aBaH:,e Kpl1B11'1He
caHKu;v1je Koja ce cacTOjM y JIMllleH:,y rno6o,n;e. Cy,n; je ,n;y)KaH ,n;a CBaKa 3
MeceQa 11crr11ra orrpaB,n;attocr .n;alber rpajaH:,a Mepe. IlpaBI:ima o >Karrfor cy
11.n;eHTJ1'!Ha Kao J1 KO,ll; rrpeTXO,ll;HJ1X Mepa.
Y QH!bY Kottrpone 11OlllTOBaH>a 3a6patte HanymraH>a cratta, cy.n; MO)Ke
HaJIO)KJ1TJ1 .n;a ce 11peMa OKpHBJbeHOM, KojeM je o.n;pet)etta oBa Mepa, rrp11-
MeH11 eJieKTpOHCKJ1 Hap;3op pa.n;11 KOHTPOJIJ1Cafua IlOlllTOBaH:,a orpaHM'leH>a
Koja cy H:,OMe o.n;pet)etta. 138 Ypet)aj 3a JIOQJ1paH:,e - o,n;aI1I11Jba'i, np11tJBp-
138 KaAa cyµ, OWl)"lyje o npoAy)l(eJ-by Mepe 3a6patte ttanywTaI-ba CTatta y3 eneKTpOHCl(J,( Ha}:13op,
mtje AOBO/bHO Aa y pewe1-1,y HaBe}:le ]:la 'll1J-bem11-1e Koje je YTBPA110 H11cy TaKBOf CTeneHa 1111HTeH3J,!TeTa
Aa 611 onpas}:la11e np11Metty cTpO)l(e Mepe, Mepe np11Tsopa, aeh Mopa 11 Aa o6pa3!10)1(11 3awTo cy re
11cTe OKO!IHOCTl1 TaKBor KapaKTepa }:la 611 onpaBAa!le npoA�efbe Mepe 3a6patte ttanywTa1-1,a cTaHa
 KpMBMqHorrpou;ecm-1 cy6jeKTM 93

whyje crpyqHo JIMQe Ha 3mo6 pyKe J1JIJ1 Hore oKpMBJbeHor 11JIJ1 ce no rro­
rpe6H Ha ;a;pyrn Ha'!J1H rrpM'IBprnhyje Ha TeJIO OKpl1BJbeHor. ToM rrpl1JIJ1-
KOM OKpI1BJbeHJ1 he p;o6J1TJ1 p;eTaJbHa yrryTCTBa O HaqJ1HY pap;a ypel)aja.
Ypel)ajeM Koj11M ce p;aJbJ1HCKJ1 npaTJ1 KpeTaH>e oKpMBJbeHor 11 fueroB rro­
lIO)l(aj y rrpocropy (np11jeMHJ1K) pyKyje cTpyqHo JIJ11.J;e J13 opraHa ;a;p)KaBHe
ynpaBe KOjM je Hap;Jie)KaH 3a M:3Bprnett,e KpJ1BJ1qHJ1X caHKQ11ja J1JIJ1 ;a;pyrn
AJ))l(aBHH opraH op;pel)eH 3aKOHOM Koj11 je Hap;Jie)KaH 3a cnpoBol)efue eJieK­
rpoHcKor Ha,11;3opa (qrr. 190 3KI1).

3.8. I1pl1TBOp
3.8.1. llojaM u ocHOBHa npaBuna o ooperJuBmvy npumBopa
IlpHrBop je HajTe)Ka Mepa 3a 06e36el)efue np11cycTBa oKpMBJbeHor y
KpHBH'IHOM nocTynKy, Koja ce caCTOjJ1 y npeBeHTJ1BHOM JIJ11lleH,y crro6op;e
TOKOM rpajatt,a KpI1BJ1qHor IlOCTYITKa. C ofo11poM Ha 3Ha'!aj J1 036J1JbHOCT
ose Mepe, rroce6Hy na)KH>Y ype1)11BaH>y npMTBopa noCBebyje YcTaB. I1p11-
TBop ce MO)Ke op;pep;l1TJ1 npeMa JIMQY 3a Koje IlOCTOjJ1 OCHOBaHa cyMH>a p;a
je ytmHHJIO KpI1BJ1qHo p;erro 11 aKo je TO Heonxop;Ho pap;11 Bol)efua Kp11BJ1q­
HOr rrocryrrKa. I1p11TBop ce MO)Ke o;a;pep;11T11 caMo Ha ocHoBy o;a;nyKe cy;a;a
('In. 30, er. 1 YcraBa PC).
3aKOHJ1K O KpI1BJ1qHoM noCTynKy op;pel)yje OCHOBHa npaBJ1Jia 3a op;­
pel)HBaH,e rrp11rnopa, Koja cy CJIJ1qHa onrnTMM ycrroBHMa 3a op;pe1)11Bafue
CBHX Mepa 3a o6e36el)eH>e np11cycTBa OKpHBJbeHor y KpHBH'!HOM no­
cryrrKy, J1 3a HecMeTaHO Bol)eH>e Kpl1BJ1qHor IlOCTynKa. Ha11Me, OCHOBHO
npaBHJio 111qe ce ne2an1-tocmu, 6y;a;yh11 p;a je 113p11q11To npon11caHo p;a ce
npHrBop MO)Ke op;pep;11T11 caMo nop; ycJIOBHMa Koj11 cy npep;B111)eH11 3KI1.
,[{pyro rrpaB11rro op;Hoc11 ce Ha nponoptAiUOHanHocm jep ce o;a;pe1)11BaH>e
npHrBopa 'Il1Hl1 MoryhHM caMO aKO ce J1CTa CBpxa He MO)Ke OCTBapJ1TJ1
ApyroM MepoM. Tpehe npaBHJIO op;Horn ce Ha norpe6y xumHoz nocmy­
na11,a y rrpl1TBOpCKJ1M rrpep;MeTJ1Ma. TatJ:HMje, 3KI1 HaBO,D;J1 p;a je p;y)KHOCT
CBHX opraHa KojM yqecTByjy y nocTynKy 11 opraHa Koj11 MM npy)Kajy npaB­
HY rroMoh ;a;a rpajaH>e np11TBopa CBep;y Ha HajKpahe Heonxop;Ho BpeMe l1 p;a
nocryrrajy ca HapoqJ1TOM XHTHOillllY aKO ce OKpl1BJbeHJ1 HaJia3l1 y npHTBO­
py. qeTBpTO rrpaBJ1JIO O,D;HOCJ1 ce Ha o6aBe3y MUHUManHOZ mpaja1-ba npu­
maopa, IIOllITO je cy;a; ;a;y)KaH p;a YKMHe npHTBop qvrM npecTaHy pa3JI03l1 Ha
OCHOBY KOjHX je 6110 o;a;pel)eH. 139
(PeweH,e Arrenal\HOHor cyAa y 6eorpaAy, l<)i(.2 ITol 6p. 439/12 DA 24. OKTo6pa 2012. rDJ1HHe J1
peweH,e Bl1.lller CYJ1a y Eeorpall)' IToce6Hor OAe/betha K.ITol 6p. 70/11 - I<B.Ilol 6p. 658/2012 DA 15.
oKTo6pa 2012. ro1111tte). B111111: EunmeH Buiuez cyoa y Eeozpao y, 2014, 6p. 84, Beorpa11, cTp. 24.
139 Crall o OBOM rr11Ta1by 3ay3eo je 11 EBporrcKH cy11 3a JbYACKa npaBa, rrpeMa KojeM ,,11a 611 ce
Hacrasirno C n11ruetbeM cno6011e, y rrepHOAY Ay)KeM OA 2 fOAJ1He, HHje AOBO/bHO H3BOAHTJ1 HCTe
pa3nore 11 06pa3no)Kethe Kao rrp11n11KoM rrpsor np11Taapatba, c o6311poM Ha TO Aa ce onpaBAaHa
94 AneKcaHp;ap BolllKOBMh, Talha Kernh: KpuButt1-10 npou,erno npcwo

3.8.2. llpaBHU ornoB 3a oope�uBa1be npumBopa

IlpHTBop y p;oMaheM rrpaBy je <fiaKynmamuBHOZ KapaKmepa, IllT0 3Ha­
'IH p;a He IIOCTOje 3aK0HCKl1 0CH0Bl1 3a o6aBe3HO op;pel)11BaH>e rrp11TB0pa.
Cyp; he y CBaKOM KOHKpeTHOM rnyqajy rrpou;eH>l1BaTlil p;a 7111 cy 11cnytt,eHJ1
yc7IOBl1 3a H>eroBy npHMeHy 11 p;a 7111 ce CBpxa MO)Ke OCTBap11Tl1 np11MeHOM
HeKe p;pyre, 671a)Ke Mepe.
OcHOBHl1 yc71oB 3a op;pel)11Balhe rrp11TBopa 113pa)KeH je Kpo3 3axTeB 3a
IlOCTOjaH>eM OCHOBaHe cyM1be p;a je op;pel)eHO 7111u;e YtJ:11HH710 Kp11B:W'IHO
p;e71o. Ilopep; TOra, p;a 611 np11TBop 6110 op;pel)eH, Heonxop;Ho je p;a rrocTOjH
HeKl1 op; npumBopcKUX OCHOBa J,I7IJ,I pa371ora 3a rrpHTBOp. ,D;aK71e, rrp11TBOp
ce MOJ/Ce op;pep;l1Tl1 7111u;y 3a KOje IIOCTOjl1 OCHOBaHa cyM1ba p;a je YtJ:11HJ1JIO
KpMBH'IH0 p;e710 H yKo7111Ko:
1) ce KpMje 117111 aK0 ce He M0)Ke YTBpp;HTl1 H>eroBa MCT0BeTH0CT J1JIJ1
aKo y CBojcTBy orrTy)KeHor 1,136eraBa p;a p;ol)e Ha maBHl1 rrpeTpec H71J1 aKo
IIOCToje p;pyre 0K071H0CTl1 Koje YKa3yjy Ha onacH0CT op; 6eKCTBa;
2) IIOCTOje OK071HOCTl1 KOje yKa3yjy p;a he yttMillTl1Tl1, caKp11Tl1, 113Me­
HMTH 1,1711,1 <pa71cmp11KOBaTM p;oKa3e 11711,1 TparoBe KpMBH'IHOf p;e71a 117111 aKO
oco611Te 0K071H0CTM YKa3yjy p;a he 0MeTaTM rrocTyrraK yT11u;aH>eM Ha CBe­
p;oKe, cayqecH11Ke 117111 rrp11Kp11Ba'le;
3) oco6MTe 0K071H0CTM yKa3yjy p;a he y KpaTK0M BpeMeHCK0M rrepHo­
p;y II0H0Bl1Tl1 KpMBM'IH0 p;e710 117111 p;oBplllMTM II0KYillaH0 Kp11B11'1H0 ;a;eJIO
117111 p;a he YtJ:11HMTM Kp11B11'1HO p;e710 KOj11M rrpeTH;
4) aKo je 3a Kp11B11'1H0 p;e710 Koje MY ce CTaBJba Ha TepeT rrporrJ1catta
Ka3Ha 3aTBopa rrpeK0 10 rop;11Ha, op;H0CH0 rrpeK0 5 rop;MHa 3a Kpl1BJ1'IHO
p;e710 ca e71eMeHT11Ma Hac11Jba 1,17111 MY je rrpBocTerreH0M rrpecyp;oM 113peqe­
Ha Ka3Ha 3aTBopa op; 5 rop;11Ha 117111 Te)Ka Ka3Ha, a p;a cy Ha'IMH H3Bprnefua
1,1711,1 Te)KMHa II0CJiep;1,1u;e KpMB11'iH0f p;e71a p;oBe71M ;a;o Y3HeMMpeH>a jaBHO­
CTM 140 Koje M0)Ke yrpo3MTM HeCMeTaHo 11 rrpaB11'1HO Bol)eH>e KpMBJ1'-IHOf
rrocTyrrKa ('171. 211, CT. 1, T. 1-4 3KII).

noTpe6a HacTaBKa mrnrasali>a c11060Ae Mopa npo!.\elb11Barn: TOKOM 1.\ellOKynHor BpeMeHa Tpajalba
np11rnopa Ha OCHOBY CBl1X pe11eBaHTHl1X cpaKTOpa KOj�I 611 Morn11 IIOTBPA11Tl1 11 AaJbe rrocrojan,e
onarnocT11 OA 6eKcrna." (EBponcK11 cyA 3a !bYACKa npaBa, 'IjepMaHoBun npomuB Cp6uje,
48497/2006, 23. cpe6pyap 2010. roA11He. }],OCT)'TIHO Ha: www.sudskapraksa.com; AaTyM rrpMcryna:
8. OKT06ap 2014. fOA11He).
140 IlpeMa CTaBY CYACKe rrpaKce, Y3HeM11pe!be jaBHOCTJA no CBOM ofotMy 11 11HTeH311TeTy MOpa�a
npeBa311/Ja311 yo6JA•1ajetto Y3HeM11pe1i>e Koje je 11Ha'le, no npas1rny, np11cyrtto y CBl1M rrpeAMeTJAMa
y Koj11Ma ce cyA11 3a reUIKa Kp11B11'!Ha Aena (Perneli>e Anena!.\110HOr cyAa y BeorpaAy 10K2 Tiol
6p. 208/12 OA 21. Maja 2012. fOA11He). TaKol)e, np111IJ.1KOM O!.\eHe Aa /111 je AOllillO AO Y3HeMMpe!ba
jaBHOCTl1, CYA Tpe6a Aa L1eH11 He caMO Aa /!11 rpettyTHO 110CTOjl1 Y3HeM11pelbe jaBHOCTl1, aeh JATO
Aa 6.n, YKO/!JAKO 6.n onrylKeH11 611n11 nyu1TeH11 Ha cno6oAy, y3HeM11peH,e jaBHOCTJA 6v.no nosehaHo,
'!MMe 611 6JAJIO yrpolKeHO HCCMeTaHO 11 npaBl1'1HO sol)eI·be Kp11B11'lHOf nocrynKa (Pernelbe
Anena!.\110HOr CYAa y BeorpaAy, I0K2 Ilol 6p. 245/12 OA 8. jytta 2012. roA11He). B11A11: EunmeH
But.uez cyoa y Eeozpaoy, 2014, 6p. 84, BeorpaA, crp. 26-27.
 Kp1t1BJ1 1rnorrpo�ecm,1. cy6jeKTM 95

Ilopep; rrpaBHOr ocHoBa 3a op;pe1)1,rnaH>e npJ1TBopa, y 3aKoHy je npep;­

Bm)eHo orpaH11qeH>e TpajaH>a npMTBopa Ha ocHoBy op;pel)eHJ1X npMTBop­
CKIDC pa3JIOra. TaKO je rrpOIIMCaHO ,n;a rrpHTBOp KOjJ1 je o,n;peljeH 36or Tora
mro ce He MO)Ke YTBp,D;I1TJ1 J1CTOBeTHOCT JUfti;a Tpaje ).);OK ce OBa J1CTOBeT­
HOCT He yrnpp;I1, a rrpHTBOp KOjM je op;pel)eH 36or Tora llITO OrrTy)KeHM oqJ1-
rneAHO i136eraBa p;a p;ol)e Ha rnaBHJ.f npeTpec MO)Ke TpajaTJ1 p;o o6jaBJbM­
Balba rrpecyp;e. IlpMTBop KOjM ce 113p11qe 36or o6e36el)eH>a p;oKa3a Mopa ce
}'KHHYTH tJHM ce o6e36ep;e p;oKa311.
Iloce6Ho je ypel)eHa MoryhHOCT op;pe1)11BaH>a npMTBopa onTy)KeHOM
Koj11 ce T0KOM noCTynKa 6paH110 ca crro6op;e, a KOMe je cyp; 113peKao npe­
CYAY Ha Ka3HY 3aTBopa 11cnop; 5 rop;11Ha. OnTy)KeHoM ce MO)Ke op;pep;J1TJ1
np11rBop aKo nocToje pa3JI03J1 npep;B111)eHJ1 nop; T. 1 11 3. C p;pyre cTpaHe,
aKO ce OIITy)KeHJ1 HaJia3l1 y npHTB0py, cyp; he YKHHYTH rrpHTBOp aKO BHllie
He rrocroje pa3JI03J.f 36or KOjHx je 6Ho op;pel)eH.

3.8.3. IIocmynaK oony11.uBa1-tJa o npumBopy

0AJIYKY o op;pel)J1BaH>y npMTBopa p;oHOCH cyp; Ha npep;nor jaBHor Ty­
>KHou;a, a rrocrre noTBpQHBaH>a onTy)KHMI..�e, cyp; MO)Ke p;oHeTM op;JIYKY H
no cJiy)K6eHoj p;y)KHOCTJ1. IlpJ1TBop y McTpa3M MO)Ke p;a ce op;pep;H, rrpo­
A}')Kl1 HJIH YKHHe pellieH>eM cyp;Hje 3a rrpeTxop;HM nocTynaK HJIJ1 pellieH>eM
BaHrrperpeettor Beha. PellieH>e o npop;y)KeH>y MJI11 YKMp;aH>y rrp11TBopa p;o­
HOCH ce no crry)K6ettoj p;y)KHOCTJ1 MJIJ.f Ha rrpep;nor cTpaHaKa H 6paHHou;a.
Ilponrn pellieH>a o npMTBopy, cTpaHKe l1 6paH11nau; Mory H3jaBHTJ1 )Kan6y
BaHrrpeTpeCHOM Behy. )Kan6a HeMa cycneH3HBHO p;ejcTBo. Bam1peTpectto
Bene je p;y)l(HO ,n;a op;nyKy o )KaJI6H p;oHece y poKy op; 48 qacoBa.
Ilpe p;oHomeH>a pelliett,a o op;pel)HBaH>y rrpwTBopa, cyp; he cacnYllla­
rn oKpHBJbeHor o pa3JI03MMa 3a op;pe1)11BaH>e rrp11TBopa. CacrrylliaH>y
OKp11BJbeHOf Mory p;a npHcycTByjy jaBHl1 TY)KJ1Jian; l1 6paHMJian; OKp11BJbe­
HOr. Cyp; je p;y)KaH p;a Ha norop;aH HaqwH o6aBeCTH jaBHOf TY)KHOn;a H 6pa­
HHou;a o BpeMeHy l1 MecTy cacrrYllial-ba oKpHBJbeHor, aJIH ce cacnYlliaH>e
MO>Ke o6aBMTH M y op;cycTBy o6aBellITeHMX JIHti;a.
l·fay3erno, op;nYKa o o,n;pel)wBaH>y npHTBopa MO)Ke ce p;oHeTJ.f 6e3 ca­
c11y1.1.ta1-ba 0KpHBJbeH0f aKo ypep;Ho IT03BaH OKpHBJbeHH He p;ol)e, a l130CTa­
HaK He orrpaB,n;a l1Jll1 aKO ce HHje MOfJIO J.f3BpllIHTl1 ypep;HO p;ocTaBJbaH>e
003J1Ba, a 113 OKOJIHOCTH oqwrnep;HO rrp0H3HJia3H p;a OKpHBJbeHH M36eraBa
npHjeM II03HBa l1JIJ1 aK0 ITOCTOjH onaCHOCT op; op;naraH>a. AKO je npHTBOp
OApe�eH 6e3 cacrrylliaH>a oKpHBJbeHor, cyp; he y poKy op; 48 qacoaa op; qaca
xamnelba cacrrylliaTH oKpHBJbeHor. HaKoH cacnyllial-ba, cy,n; he op;nyqHTJ1
Aa JIJ1 he op;nyKy O op;pel)HBaH>y np11TBopa OCTaBHTJ.f Ha CHa3H J1JIJ1 YKH­
H)'TH IIpHTBOp.
96 AneKcaHp;ap EolllKOBHn, Tallia Kernh: Kpuau<-tHo npou,erno npaao

ITpuTBop ce op;pel)yje pellleH>eM Hap;Jie)l<HOr cyp;a. PellleH>e o ogpe�H·

BaH>y rrpuTBopa cap;p)l(l1: MMe l1 rrpe3l1Me JIHQa Koje ce rrpuTBapa, Kpirnw1-
HO p;eno 3a Koje ce OKpMBJbyje, 3aKOHCKJ1 OCHOB 3a rrpMTBOp, BpeMe Ha KOje
je op;pel)eH rrpMTBop, BpeMe xarrllleH>a, rroyKy o rrpaBy Ha )l(an6y, o6paa­
JIO)l(eH>e ocHoBa J1 pa3Jiora 3a op;pel)MBaH>e rrpurnopa, cny)l(6eHl1 rreqa111
IIOTIIJ1C cyp;uje.
PellleH>e o rrpMTBopy rrpep;aje ce oKpMBJbeHOM y qacy xamnett,a, a
HajKaCHMje y poKy op; 12 qacoBa op; qaca npMTBapaH>a. Y CIIJ1CJ1Ma ce Mopa
Ha3HaqJ1TJ1 gaH 11 qac xanllleH>a 11 rrpep;aje pellleH>a.

3.8.4. TpajaHJe npumBopa

TpajaH>e rrpuTBopa cnap;a y jep;Ho op; HajBa)l(HJ1j11x IIMTaH>a y rrpi1Me­
HJ1 OBe Mepe. CKopo CBl1 Mel)yttapop;HM p;oKyMeHTl1 0 7bYACKJ1M rrpaBl1Ma
npep;BMl)ajy orpaHJ1'-IeHO TpajaH>e npMTBOpa, a y HallleM 3aKOHOp;aBCTBY
TpajaH>e npMrnopa orpaHM'-IeHo je caMo y ucTpa3l1. 3aKOHMK npep;B111)a 11a
ce y J1CTpa3l1, Ha OCHOBY pellleH>a cyp;Mje 3a npeTXO,ll;HJ1 nocTyrraK, OKpl1BJbe­
Hl1 MO)l(e 3ap;p)KaTJ1 y npMTBopy HajBHllle 3 Meceu,a op; p;aHa JIMllleH>a cno-
6op;e. Cy,n;Mja 3a npeTxop;HM rrocTyrraK je p;y)l(aH p;a 6e3 npep;rrora cTpaHaKa
l1 6paHI10Qa, no J1CTeKy CBaKl1X 30 p;aHa J.1Cnt1Ta onpaBp;aHOCT rrpMTBOpa 11
p;a p;oHece pellleH>e o npop;y)KeH>y MJil1 YKHp;aH>y rrpuTBopa. BaHnpeTpec­
HO Behe Henocpep;Ho BMrner cyp;a MO)Ke, Ha o6pa3JIO)KeHl1 npep;rror jaBHor
TY)KJ.1OQa, l13 Ba)KHJ1X pa3rrora p;a rrpop;y)Kl1 rrpMTBop HajBMrne 3a jorn 3 Me­
ceu,a. ITpoTMB pernett,a o rrpo,n;y)Kett,y rrpHrnopa p;o3BOJbeHa je )KaJI6a, Koja
HeMa cycneH3J1BHO p;ejCTBO. AKO ce p;o J1CTeKa IIOMeHyTHX poKOBa He ITO·
AMrHe onTy)KHJ1Qa, OKpli1BlbeHJ1 he ce rrycTl1Tl1 Ha cno6op;y.
Op; npep;aje orrTy)l(HJ1Qe cyp;y rra p;o yrryhMBaH>a oKpl1B7beHor Ha M3AP·
)KaBaH>e KpMBJ1qHe caHKQMje Koja ce cacTOjM y JIMllleH>y cno6op;e, npMTBop
ce MO)Ke op;pep;J1TJ1, rrpop;y)KJ1TJ1 J.1JIJ1 YKMHYTl1 perneH>eM Beha. 141 Pernelbe
o op;pel)MBaH>y, npop;y)KeH>y MJIM yKMp;aH>y npMTBopa p;oHorn ce no cny)K-
6eHoj p;y)KHOCTl1 J1JIJ1 Ha npep;nor cTpaHaKa J1 6paHMOQa. Behe je p;y)KHO l(a
M 6e3 npep;nora CTpaHaKa J1 6paHl10Qa McnMTa orrpaBp;aHOCT npMTBopa H
p;oHece perneH>e o npop;y)KeH>y MJIM YKMp;aH>y rrpMrnopa no MCTeKy CBaKHX
30 p;aHa p;o noTBpl)MBaH>a OIITY)KHJ.1Qe, a no J1CTeKy CBaKl1X 60 p;aHa HaK0H
noTBpl)MBaH>a OIITY)l(HMQe na p;o AOHOllleH>a npBOCTeneHe npecyp;e.

141 Pewelbe o OApel)11Balby, npoAy)Kelby 11n11 yK11,11aH,y npwrnopa ,11ottene BattnpeTpecHo Bene
- npe, 113Mel)y 11 nocne rnasHor npeTpeca, A0K ne cy,11ene Bene 611T11 Ha,11ne)KH0 3a ,110Howett,e os11x
0AnyKa 0A no'leTKa 3aceAaH>a, Ha rnaBH0M npeTpecy 11 nocne rnaattor npeTpeca A0K je Bene jow
Ha oKyny. Ba�mpeTpecHo Bene HaAJJe)KH0 je ,11a 0Anyq11 o np11Taopy, y c1nya1..11,1j1,1 KaAa je cy,11ehe
Bene 0Anyq11no o np11TBopy Ha rnaBH0M npeTpecy np11n11KoM ,11ottowett,a npecyAe, na je TO pewefue
YKl1HYT0 0,11 cTpaHe ,11pyrocTenettor cyAa (OKpy)Kttl1 cy,11 y Eeorpa,11y, l{)K_ 6p. 3508/06 0,11 21.
Ae1..1eM6pa 2006). vhmn, r. TI. et al. (2013). Opus citatum, CTp. 476.
 KpMBJ1'IHOIIpou;ern11 cy6jeKTJ1 97

3.8.5. IIocmyna1-be ca npumBopeHuu,uMa

OKp.MBJbeHoM Koj.11 ce Harra311 y rrp.11rnopy 3aKoH rapaHTyje rroce6Ha
rrpaaa, Koja rrpe;a;cTaBJbajy OKOCH11u;y H>erosor rrpaBHor rrorro)Kaja. ITpe
CBera, np.MTBOpeHOM rr11u;y ce He CMe Bpel)aTJ1 JIJ1qHOCT v1 )J;OCTOjaHCTBO y
TOKYIIP.MTBOpa, IIITO rrpovt3.MJia3Jt[ J,[3 ycTaBHe o;a;pe;a;6e KOjOM je rrpep;B]i[l)e­
HO Aa ce rrpeMa JI]i[u;y rr111IIeHOM crro6op;e Mopa rrocTyrraT]i[ qoseqHo 11 ca
yaa)KaBalheM )];OCTOjaHCTBa H>eroBe JI]i[qHOCT]i[ (qrr, 28, CT. 1).
OrpaH.11'-IeH>e rrpaBa rrp11TBopeH11x rr11u;a Moryhe je caMo pap;11 crrpeqa­
Balba 6eKCTBa, rrop;cTpeKaBaH>a p;pyrv1x m1n.1;a p;a YHJ1II1Te, caKp11jy, J13MeHe
Hn¾ cparrrnqmKyjy ;a;oKa3e 11rr11 TparoBe Kp11B11qHor ;a;erra, 11 Herrocpe;a;Hor
Hn¾ rrocpep;Hor KOHTaKTa rrp11TBopeHvtKa ycMepeHMX Ha YTvtu;aH>e Ha CBe­
AOKe, cayqecHvtKe 11rrv1 rrp11Kp11Baqe,
3KII ca;n;p)Kvt Ji[ rroce6Ha rrpaB11rra Koja ce Tv1qy cMelIITaja rrp11TBopeHJt[X
nm.1a. y TOM CMJ1CJIY, rrpe;n;BJ1l)eHo je ;a;a MYIIIKapu;vt 11 )KeHe 6y;n;y CMelIITe­
HH y pa3rr.11q.11T11M rrp11rnopcKvtM rrpocTopMjaMa. ITopep; Tora, no rrpaB11rry
he ce 1136eraBaT11 3ajep;H11qK11 cMelIITaj rrm.1;a 3a Koja rrocTojM cyMH>a ;n;a
cy r1ecTB0Barra y J13Bp1IIeThy 11cTor Kp11Bv1qHor ;a;erra, Kao v1 rr11u;a Koja cy
Ha H3Ap)KaBaH>y Kp11B11qHe caHKI.J;Mje Koja ce cacToj11 y JivtllieH>y crro6op;e
ca nH�J1Ma y rrpvtrnopy. J1v1.u;a 3a Koja rrocTojM ocHoBaHa cyMTha ;a;a cy J,[3-
epurnna Kp.11BJ1qHo ;n;erro y rrospaTy Hehe ce, aKo je Moryhe, cMe1IITaT11 y
Hcry npocTopv1jy ca ;n;pyrnM JI]i[I.J;J1Ma rr111IIeH11M crro6op;e Ha Koja 611 Morrra
WTeTHO yr11u;aTJ1.
3aKotto;n;aBau; rroce6Hy rra)KH>Y rroCBehyje rrpaBJ1Ma rrp11rnopeH11Ka,
Mel)y KOjJ1Ma ce l13p;Bajajy cnep;eha: rrpaBo Ha HerrpeK11p;H11 HOilH]i[ op;Mop
CBaKor ,n;atta y rpajatt,y o;a; HajMaH>e 8 qacoBa; KperaThe Ha CBe)KeM Ba3;a;yxy
yrpajatt,y op; HajMaThe 2 qaca p;HeBHO; rrpaBO p;a ce xpaHl1 0 CBOM TPOIIIKY,
Aa Hom CBoje o;a;erro 11 p;a Ha6aBn,a KH>11re 11 ;a;pyre crnap11 Koje o;a;roBapajy
lf>efOBMM pe;n;oBHJ1M rroTpe6aMa, oc11M rrpe;a;MeTa rrop;o6m1x 3a HaHollieThe
nospe,n;a, HapYIIIaBaH>e 3p;paBn,a 11rr11 rrp11rrpeMy 6eKCTBa. ToKOM rpajatt,a
Hctpare, cy;n;Ji[ja 3a rrpeTxop;HJ1 rrocTyrraK MO)Ke rrp11rnopeH11Ky perneH>eM
npirnpeMeHo ;a;a ycKpaTJ1 11rr11 ;a;a orpaHJt[q11 Kop11rnheH>e IIITaMrre, aKo je
eepoBaTHo ;n;a 611 TO p;oBerro ;a;o OMeTaTha Jt[CTpare. ITponrn oBor perneH>a
MO>Ke ce 113jaBJ1T)i[ )Karr6a BaHrrpeTpecHOM Behy. ITp11rnopeH11K ce M0)Ke
o6aBe3aTJ1 Ha o6aBJbaThe pa;a;oBa HY)KHO rr0Tpe6m1x 3a o;a;p)KaBaH>e q11-
CTohe y rrpocrop11j11 y Kojoj 6opaB]i[. Ha 3axTeB rrp11rnopeH11Ka, cy;a;Mja 3a
operxop;tt11 rrocryrraK 11rr11 rrpe;a;cep;H]i[K Bena, y3 carrracHocr yrrpaBHMKa
3aBOAa, MO)Ke p;03BOJIJ1TJ1 rrp11TBopeH11Ky ;a;a pap;11 y Kpyry 3aBo;a;a Ha rro­
CJIOBHMa KOjJ1 o;a;roBapajy ThefOBl1M rrc11x..11qK11M 11 <pl13Jt[qKvfM CBOjCTBl1Ma,
DOA ycJIOBOM ;a;a TO Hvtje IIITeTHO 3a Bol)ett,e IIOCTYIIKa. 3a Taj pap; npMTBO­
peHHKY rrpHrra;a;a HaKHap;a Kojy o;a;pel)yje yrrpaBHJt[K 3aBop;a.
98 AneKCaH,z:i;ap EollIKOBHh, Tatt,a KecHh: Kpuaut-tHo npou,eCHo npaao

Ilp11TBopetto n11u;e 11Ma rrpaBo Ha rroceTe 11 ,n;orr11c11Balbe. Cy,n;Hja 3a

rrpeTXO,!1;HJ1 IIOCTyrraK KOHTPOJIJ1IIIe rroceTe rrp11TBopeH11Ky. Ilo,n; lberoBMM
Ha,n;3opoM J1JIJ1 Ha,n;3opoM n11u;a Koje OH o,n;pe,n;11, y rpaHJ1IJ;aMa KynHor peAa
3aBo,n;a, rrp11TBopeH11Ka Mory rroceh11BaT11 6n11cK11 cpo,n;HJ11u;11, a no lheroBoM
3axTeBy 11 neKap 11 ,n;pyra n11u;a. Cy,n;11ja 3a rrpeTxo,n;H11 rrocTyrraK MO)Ke 3a-
6paH11T11 o,n;peljeHy rroceTy, YKOJIJ1KO 3aKJby<IJ1 ,n;a 611 TO MOrJIO ,n;oBeCTJ1 AO
oMeTalba 11cTpare. IlpOTJ1B peIIIelba cy,n;11je 3a rrpeTxo,n;H11 rrocTyrraK rrp11-
TBopett11K MO)Ke J13jaBJ1TJ1 )KaJI6y BaHrrpeTpeCHOM Behy, Koja HeMa cycrreH-
3J1BHO ,n;ejCTBO. ,1J;11rrJIOMaTCKO-KOH3YJiaptt11 rrpe,n;CTaBHJ1K ,n;p)KaBe qJ,1jJ1 je
rrp11TBOpeHJ1K ,n;p)KaBJbaHJ1H, O,D;HOCHO rrpe,n;cTaBHJ1K OBJiaIIIheHe Mel))'Ha­
poAtte opraH113au;11je jaBttorrpaBHOr KapaKTepa, aKo je y rr11Talhy 1136enrn­
u;a J1JIJ1 JIJ1u;e 6e3 ,n;p)KaBJbaHCTBa, J1Majy rrpaBO ,n;a y CKJia,n;y ca IIOTBpljeHMM
Mel)yttapo,n;HJ1M yroBopoM 11 ca 3HalheM cy,n;11je 3a rrpeTxo,n;H11 rroc1yrraK
0611na3e 11 6e3 tta,n;3opa pa3r0Bapajy ca rrp11TBopeHJ1KOM. Cy,n;11ja 3a rrpe1-
xo,n;H11 IIOCTyrraK je ,n;y)KaH ,n;a O OBJ1M rroceTaMa o6aBeCTJl1 yrrpaBHJ1Ka 3aB0·
,n;a y KojeM je OKpJ1BJbeH11 rrp11TBopeH. 142 IlpaBo Ha HecMeTaHO rroceh11Balbe
rrp11TBopett11x n11u;a 11 Boljelbe pa3rOBopa ca lbJ1Ma 6e3 rrp11cycTBa ,n;pyrnx
JIJ11.J;a J1Majy 6paHJ1Jiau;, 3aIIITJ1THJ1K rpal)aHa J1 KoMJ1CJ1ja 3a KOHTporry 113·
BpIIIelba Kp11BJ1qHJ1X caHKu;11ja Hapo,n;He CKyrrIIITJ1He, y CKJia,n;y ca 3aKOHOM,
Kao 11 rrpe,n;crnBH11u;11 OBJiaIIIneHe Mel)yttapo,n;He opraH113au;J1Ije jaBHorrpas­
Hor KapaKTepa, y CKJia,n;y ca IIOTBpljeHJ/IM Meljyttapo,n;HJ/IM yroBOpOM.
IlpJ/ITBopeHJ/IK J/IMa rrpaBO Ha ,D;OIIJ/ICJ/IBalbe ca JIJ/Iu;J/IMa BaH 3aBo,n;a, am!
ce OHO o,n;B11ja ca 3HalbeM J/I rro,n; Ha,n;3opoM cy,n;11je 3a rrpeTxo,n;HJ/I rroc1y­
rraK. Cy,n;Mja 3a rrpeTXO,!1;HJ1 IIOCTyrraK MO)Ke 3a6paHJ1TJ/I o,n;aIIIJ/IJbalbe 11
rrp11Malbe IIJ1CaMa J/I ,n;pyr11x IIOIIIJ/IJbKJ/I aKO je BepoBaTHO ,n;a 6JII TO ,n;oBeno
,n;o OMeTalba J/ICTpare. IlpoTJ/IB peIIIelba cy,n;11je 3a rrpeTxo,n;H11 rroc1yrraK
rrpJ/ITBopeHJ/IK MO)Ke J/I3jaBJ/ITJ1 )KaJI6y BaHrrpeTpecHOM Behy, Koja HeMa
cycrreH3J/IBHO ,n;ejCTBO. IloMeHyTa 3a6paHa He O,D;HOCJ/I ce Ha IIJ/ICMa KOja
rrp11TBopeHJ1IK IllaJbe Meljyttapo,n;HJ/IM cy,n;oBJ/IMa, OBJiaurheHJ1M Mel)ytta­
po,n;H11M opram13au;11jaMa jaBHorrpaBHor KapaKTepa, 3aIIITJ1THJ/IKY rpal)a­
Ha J1 ,n;oMaD.J/IM opraHJ1Ma 3aKOHo,n;aBHe, cy;o;cKe J1 J13BpIIIHe BJiaCTJ/I Milli
J1X o,n; lbJ/IX np11Ma, Kao J/I Ha IIJ/ICMa KOja IIIaJbe CBOM 6paH11ou;y J1JIJ1 J1X OA
lhera rrp11Ma. Cnalbe Mon6e, npMTy)K6e J1JIJ1 )KaJI6e He MO)Ke ce 3a6paHJ1TM.
Ilp11TBOpeHJ1K je ,n;y)KaH ;o;a ce CTp11KTHO npM,!1;p)KaBa pe)KJ1Ma KOjM je
rrporr11caH KynHJ/IM pe;o;oM, a y rnyqajy noBpe,n;e npaB11Jia KynHor peAa,
rrp11TBopeHJ1K MO)Ke o;o;roBapaTJ/I 3a .z:i;11cu;11nJIJ1HCKJ1 rrpecTyrr. ,1J;11c1111-
nJIJ1HCKJ1 rrpecTyrrJ/I rrpe.z:i;B11ljeHJ1 cy IlpaBJ1JIHJ1KOM O KYilHOM pe;o;y 3a
np11MeHy Mepe rrpMTBopa, 11 113pJ1Iqy ce 3a: tte,n;11cu;11rrrr11HoBaHo, Herrp11-
cTOjHo J1 arpeCJ1BHO TIOHaIIIalhe; aKO yrpo)KaBajy J1 OMeTajy ;o;pyre np11TBO·
142 Osnalllnetba cyAHje 3a npeTX0AHH nocTynaK HaKoH n0AHrnyTe onTylKHHl\e AO npae-
H0CHalKH0CTH npecy,11e spurn npeACeAHHK sena.
 KpMBM'-IHOnpOI..\eCHM cy6jeKTM 99

peHHKe y o6aBJbaH>y paAH11X J1 CJI060AH11X aKTJ1BHOCTJ1; aKO ce q>l13J1qKJ1

o6pa'lyttaBajy, rrpm1peMajy 6eKCTBO J1JIJ1 aKo rro6erny J13 3aBOAa HTA. 3a
AHCL\HIInHHCKe rrpecTyrre rrpHTBOpeHJ1Ka CYAJ1ja 3a rrpeTXOAHJ1 rrocTyrraK,
OAHOCHO rrpeACeAHJ1K Bena HaKOH IIOAHrHyTe OIITY)KH11I.�e, MO)Ke rrpHTBO­
peHHKY ,n;a H3peKHe AJ1cu;11rrn11HcKy Ka3HY orpaH11qeJba rroceTa. 0Bo orpa­
HH'lelhe ce He OAHOCJ1 Ha 6patt11ou;a. MeljyTHM, rrpJ1TBOpeHJ1K He MO)Ke
6HTH Ka)l(lbeH rrpe Hero lllTO 6yAe o6aBelllTeH O AJ1Cu;J1IIJIJ1HCKOM rrpecTy­
ny Kojw MY ce cTaBJba Ha TepeT, rrpe Hero IIITO MY je rrpy)KeHa rrpJ1n11Ka Aa
H3Hece CBojy OA6paHy J1 rrpe Hero IIITO je CYA CBeCTpaHO J1CIIJ1Tao cnyqaj.
IlpOTHB pellleH>a O l13peqeHoj AJ1Cu;J1IIJIJ1HCKOj Ka3HJ1 A03BOJbeHa je )KaJI6a
sattnpeTpecHOM Beny y poKy OA 24 qaca OA qaca rrpujeMa pelllelba, Koja He
3aAp)l{aBa M3BpllleH>e perneH>a. BaHrrpeTpecHo Bene je AY)KHO Aa OAJiyqH o
xcan611 y poKy OA 8 AaHa OA AaHa rrpJ.1jeMa )KaJI6e.
KoHa'IHO, 3aKOH rroce6HO npeABJ1lja rrpaBHJia O HaA30py HaA npHTBO­
peHHM mn�MMa. CYA11ja 3a npeTXOAHH nocTynaK je HaAJie)KaH Aa BplllH
HaA30p Hap; rrp11TBopeHJ1u;J1Ma, aJIJ1 TO MO)Ke 6J1TJ1 J.1 ApyrJ.1 CYAHja Kora
OApeAH npep;ceAHHK cyAa, CYA:i,,:ja je Ay)KaH Aa HajMaH>e jeAHOM y 15 AaHa
o6H�e npwrnopett11Ke :i,,: Aa ce, aKo Halje 3a noTpe6Ho, :i,,: 6e3 rrp:i,,:cycTBa
3anocneHHX y 3aBOAY 06aBeCTJ1 KaKo ce rrpHTBopeH:i,,:u;w xpaHe, KaKo ce
ctta6AeBajy ApyrHM rroTpe6aMa :i,,: KaKo ce ca H>HMa rrocTyrra. CyAJ.1ja je AY­
lKaH ,n;a o HerrpaBJ1JIHOCTJ1Ma yoqeHHM rrpwm1KOM ofornacKa 3aBOAa 6e3
OAnaralba o6aBeCTJ1 MJ1HJ1CTapcTBO HaAJie)KHO 3a IlOCJIOBe rrpaBocylja
H 3allITHTHHKa rpaljaHa. MHHJ.1CTapCTBO je AY)KHO Aa y poKy OA 15 AaHa
OA AaHa rrpHjeMa o6aBelllTeH>a O HerrpaBJ1JIHOCTJ.1Ma o6aBeCTJ1 CYAHjy 0
MepaMa rrpep;y3eTJ1M 3a H,J1XOBO OTKJialbaH>e. CyA11ja HaAJie)KaH Aa BplllH
HaA30p Hap; rrpJ1TBopeHJ1M JIJ,1u;J1Ma MO)Ke y CBaKO A06a Aa o6:i,,:na3J1 CBe
npHTB opeHHKe, p;a ca H:,J1Ma pa3r0Bapa 11 Aa OA H>HX rrpHMa rrpJ.1Ty)K6e.

VI EPAHJ1JIAU
l. IlojaM 6paH1mu;a H ycnOBH 3a CTHD;albe CBOjCTBa

6pattHnau; je rrpaBHO o6pa3oBaHo nm�e Koje je OBJialllneHo Aa 3ajeAHO

ca OKpHBJbeHJ.1M BpIII11 q>YffKu;Hjy OA6paHe y KpJ.1BJ.1'IHOM IIOCTyrrKy. Ilpa­
BO Ha 6pamwu;a je ycTaBHO rrpaBO, c ofoJ.1pOM Ha TO Aa ce OKpHBJbeHOM
rapattTyje rrpaBo Ha OA6paHy, rrpaBo Ha 6paHJ.1ou;a cv1poMalllHJ.1X, yTBpljyje
eeMorynHocT Ka)KH:,aBaH>a 6e3 peanJ.13au;J.1je npaBa Ha OA6paHy :i,,: rrpH3Haje
npaso ,n;a caM MJIJ.1 rrpeKo 6paH11ou;a yqecrnyje y rrocTyrrKy AOKa3J.1Batba
(11JI. 33, CT. 2-5 YcTaBa PC). EpojHw MeljyHapoAHJ.1 AOKyMeHTJ1 o JbYACKMM
npaBHMa rrporrJ.1cyjy rrpaBO Ha OA6paHy Kao OCHOBHO rrpaBO OKpHBJbeHor
100 ArreKcattgap EollIKOB11n, Tallia KeCMn: Kpuaw1.Ho npou,erno npaao

11 rapaHu;11jy rrpaswrnor rrocTyrrKa. 143 3aKOHJ1K o KpJ1BJ1'IHOM rrocrynKy

rrornenyje 3HaqajaH 6poj op;pep;a6a rrpaBJ1Ma oKpl1BJbeHor 11 lberoB0M
rrpasy Ha op;6paHy. ITpe Hero llITO ce rrorneTJ1Mo o;a;pe1'.)11saH>y rrojMa 11
pa3JIJ1'IJ1TJ1M BpCTaMa o;a;6paHe OKpl1BJbeHor, HeOIIXO)J;HO je OCBpHyn-1 ce
Ha rrperxop;Ho IIJ1Talbe Koje ce TJ1'Ie ycrrosa rrop; Koj11Ma o;a;pel'.)eHo JU1I.1e
MO)Ke cTen.11 CBOjCTBO 6paH11ou;a y Kpl1BJ1'IHOM rrocTyrrKy.
Y Kpl1BJ1'IHOM IIOCTyrrKy, 6paHJ1Jiau; MO)Ke 6J1TJ1 caMO aOBOKam, c nlM
p;a y rrocTyrrKy 3a Kp11BJ1'!Ha p;erra 3a Koja je rrporr11caHa Ka3Ha 3arnopa 110
5 rop;J1Ha, ap;BOKaTa MO)Ke ,n;a 3aMeH11 ap;BOKaTCKJ1 rrp11rrpaBHJ1K ( '!JI. 73, CT.
1-2).144
Ap;BoKaT MO)Ke 611T11 rr11u;e Koje je p;p)KaBJbaH11H Perry6rr11Ke Cp6wje,
)];J1IIJIOMJ1paH11 rrpaBHJ1K ca IIOJIO)KeHMM rrpaBocyp;HJ1M J1CIIJ1TOM, ym1caHO
y 11MeHJ1K a,n;BOKaTa 11 KOje je IIOJIO)K11JIO 3aKJieTBy, JIJ11J;e Koje HJ1je npae­
HOCHa)KHO ocy1'.)11BaHO 3a Kp11B11'IHO .n;eno Koje ra "111HJ1 He.n;ocTOjHvlM 33
6asJbelbe ap;BoKaTypoM, rr11u;e Koje ce He 6as11 p;pyroM rrpotj)eCJ10HaJIHOM
p;eJiaTHOilln.y, OCJ1M y rrep;arOllIKOj, yMeTH11'IKOj, rrpeB0)];11Jia'IKOj, rry6JIII·
I.l;J1CT11'IKOj, xyMaHJ1TapHoj J1JI11 crropTCKOj o6naCT11 J1 ,n;a je p;ocTOjHO Il0Be­
pelba 3a o6aBJbalbe ap;BOKaType.
ITopep; TOra, 3aKOHop;asau; je rrpe.n;s11p;eo y Koj11M crryqajeBJ1Ma 6pa­
HJ1rrau; He MO)Ke o6aBJbaTJ1 <PYHKD;Mjy op;6paHe y Kp11B11'IHOM rrocrymy.
Y rr11Talby cy pa3JIO311 Koj11 ap;BoKaTa p;osop;e J1JIJ1 Mory p;osecT11 y cyKo6
J1HTepeca y KOHKpeTHOM Kp11BJ1'IHOM rrocTyrrKy. AKO ce rraK ap;BOKaT ca
TaKBJ1M CBOjCTBOM J1IIaK nojaBJ1 Kao 6paHJ1Jiau;, TO he rrpep;CTaBJbaTM pa3-
JIOr 3a lberoso pa3pellieH>e 11 npe.n;cTaBJbane penaT11BHO 611THY rrOBpe11y
op;pe;a;a6a Kp11BJ1'!Hor nocTyrrKa (qrr, 438, CT. 2, T. 3 y se311 ca 'Ill. 73, er. 3
v1 "l!JI. 80, CT. 1 3KI1). ,Il;aKrre, pa3JI0311 Koj11 p;oso.n;e p;o HeMoryn.Hocrn a11-
BOKaTa p;a Bpilll1 q)YHKD;11jy o,n;6paHe, O)];HOCHO Hecrroco6HOCT11 ,n;a creKHe
CBOjCTBO 6paH11ou;a y Kp11B11'IHOM IlOCTYIIKY jecy crrep;etrn:
• aKo je 6paH11rrau; caoKpJ1BJbeHJ1, OllITeneH11, 6pa"l!HJ1 .n;pyr 11rr11 nm�e
Koje ca caoKpJ1BJbeHJ1M, ou1TeneH11M 11rr11 Ty)K11Ou;eM )K11BJ1 y BaH6patrnoj
11rr11 ;a;pyroj rpajHoj 3ajep;H11u;11 )KJ1BOTa, H>J1XOB cpop;Hl1K no KpB11 y npaBoj
JIJ1HJ1j11 p;o 611rro Kojer CTerreHa, y no6o"llHOj rr11H11j11 p;o qernpTOr creneHa
11rr11 no Ta36J1HJ1 p;o ;a;pyror CTeneHa;
• aKo je 6paH11rrau; rr11u;e Koje je Kao rnep;oK no3BaHo Ha rrraBHM npe­
Tpec, OCJ1M aKO He MO)Ke 6J1TJ1 J1CIIJ1TaHO Kao CBep;oK J1JIJ1 je ocno6oljeHO
.n;y)KHOCTJ1 rnep;o"l!eH>a 11 113jas11rro p;a Hene p;a rnep;oq11;
143 EsporrcKa KOHBett1.1ttja o lhYACKttM npaa:11Ma Tpern:pa rrpano Ha OA6patty Kao cacTaBHH �eo
npana Ha npanwrno cyljetbe ('In. 6, CT. 3).
144 OApeA6e OcttOBHttx npttH1.1ttna YjeAtttbeHttX ttar.v1ja o yno3tt aABOKarn ttcTtt'ly Aa ce )'Bel
KaAa TO 3axTeBa MHTepe c npaBAe, C l.lMlbeM o6e36eljttaatba AenoTB0pHe aAB0KaTCKe ITOMOlil,
0KpttB/heH0M M0pa o6e36eAl1TM rrpaao Ha MCKYCH0f M K0MileTeHTH0r 6paHMOl.la, y cpa3MepH ca
Kp»BWIHl1M AenoM (T. 6).
 101

• aKo je 6pamrnau; mu.i;e Koje je y MCTOM rrpe.n;MeTy rrocTyrra,10 Kao cy­

AHja, jaBHH Ty:>KJ1nau;, 3acTyrrHHK OllITenettor, CJiy)K6ettJ1K rrom1u;J1Ije l17Il1
Apyro 7U11.J;e Koje je rrpe.n;y3MMano pa.n;I-be y rrpep;MCTpa)KHOM rrocTyrrKy;
• aKO je 6paHJIIJiau; caoKpHBlbeHor KOjH ce y l1CTOM rrpe.n;MeTy TepeTl1
sa HCTO Kpl1Bl1'·:IHO .n;eno, 0Cl1M aKO opraH rrocTyrrKa 3aK7bY'H1 ,[l;a TO He 6J1
wrernno HHTepecJ1Ma o.n;6patte ( tJJI. 73, CT. 2 3KTI).

2. IIojaM u: BpcTe op;6paHe y KpHBJl'IHOM IIOCTynKy

0A6paHa je rrpou;eCHa .n;enaTHOCT Koja je ycMepeHa Ha o.n;611jaine l17Il1
AenHMY!tJHO rro611jal-be rrpaattor Harra.n;a osnalllneHor Ty)K11ou;a. O.n;6paHa
je rapaHT rrpaBJ.17IHOCTJ1 J1 3aKOHJ1TOCTJ1 cy,[l;CKHX O,ll;JI)'Ka J1 HJ1je CaMO y
HHTepecy rroje.n;11Hu;a Ha Kora ce o.n;nyKa AOHOCJ1, aeli. J1 y J1HTepecy ':lJ1Ta­
Be APYlllTBeHe 3aje.n;tt11u;e, Koja HeMa HJ1KaKBOr pa3nora ,[l;a HeBJ1HJ1 6y]];e
ocy�eH, a ,ll;a Kp1rnau; J136erne O,[l;fOBOpHOCT J1 Kpl1Bl1tJHY caHKIJ;l1jy. 145
Ilocroje ,ll;Be BpcTe OA6paHe y KpHBJ1tJHOM rrocTyrrKy - MaTep11jantta
H �OpMarrtta. Mamepuja11.Ha (llu1-ma) 006pa1-1a jeCTe oHa Kojy 0KpJ1BlbeHJ1
BpWH CaM, rrpe.n;y3J1MafbeM rrpou;eCHJ1X pap;I-bl1 KOjJ1Ma je ll;J17b YTBpt.)H­
BaH,e tJHlbeHJ1u;a y KOpl1CT OKpl1B7beHor J1 rrpl1MeHa HajrrOB07bHJ1jJ1X rrpo­
DHCa.146 Mam1cpecTyje ce 3aKOHCKOM o.n;pe.n;6oM rrpeMa KOjoj OKpl1B7beHJ1
MMa npaBO .n;a ce 6paHJ1 CaM, 0Cl1M y 3aKOHOM rrpep;BJ1t.>eHJ1M cnyqajeBHMa
(u 68, er. l, T. 3 3KTI). <PopMallHa (cmpy 1m a) 006pa1-1a jecTe otta o.n;6paHa
1ojy OKp11B7beHJ1 Bpurn Y3 ITOMOil 6paHJ1ou;a TOKOM TpajaH>a Kpl1BJ.1':lHOr
nocrynKa. (f)opMaJIHa o.n;6patta y Kpl1BJ1':lHOM ITOCTYITKY MO)Ke 6J1TJ1: cpa­
xynrarnBHa, o6ase3Ha 1,1 o.n;6paHa c11poMallIHHX.
'1JaKynmamuB1-1a 006pa1-1a je spcTa cpopMaJIHe o.n;6patte rrpeMa Kojoj
ce OKpY!BlbeHOM rrpl13Haje rrpaBO .n;a ce y Kpl1BJ1':lHOM rrocTyrrKy 6paHJ1 y3
CTpYtJHY ITOMOil cno6o.n;HO l13a6pattor 6paHJ1ou;a. Hal1Me, OKpl1B7beHJ1, aJIJ1
H 11,eroB 3aKOHCKJ1 3aCTYITHJ1K, 6patJHJ1 .n;pyr, cpO,ll;HJ1K no KpBl1 no rrpaaoj
IHHHjH, yCBojJ1Telb, ycsojeHHK, 6paT, cecTpa, xpaHJ1Telb J1 nuu;e Koje ca
OKpHBJbeHJ1M )KJ1BJ1 y BaH6pa':lHOj J17IJ1 KaKBOj .n;pyroj TpajHoj 3ajell;HHIJ;H
ora HMa rrpaao .n;a H3a6epe l1 rryttoMoli.jeM OBJ1aCTJ1 je.n;ttor l17IH BJ1llle
HHJiaQa. Jbru;a KOja y KOpl1CT OKpHBlbeHor Mory aHra)KOBaTJ1 6paHJ10u;a
ry TO YtJHHJ1Tlil caMO YKOlIHKO ce OKpHB7beHJ1 TOMe l13pH'IHTO He rrpOTJ1-
. Ilope.n; rrHcattor rryttoMonja, o.n;ttoc l13Met.)y 6pamrnu;a 11 oKpHBlbettor
O>Ke ce 3aCHoaan1 rryTeM ycMeHor rryttoMonja, O,ll;HOCHO .n;aaaI-beM l't3jaae
HBJbeHor Ha 3aIIJ1CHHK KOA opraHa rrocTyrrKa ('Ill. 75 3KTI).
y Kp11BJ1tJHOM rrocTyrrKy OKpHBlbeHH MO)Ke HMaTH HajBHllle nem 6pa­
�a an11 ce CMaTpa .n;a je O,ll;6patta o6e36et.)etta Ka,ll;a y rrocTynKy yqe-
rpy6a", M. (2006). Opus citatum, CTp. 180.
Krapac, D. (2003). Opus citatum, cTp. 166.
 KpwBff'IHonpou;ecm1 cy6jeKTI1 103

caoKpHBJbeHwMa o 6paHwou;y (y CJI)"Iajy Koj11 npep;B11l)a 113y3ehe 6paHJ1-

o�a caoKpWBJbeHor KOjM ce y J1CTOM npep;MeTy TepeTJ1 3a J1CTO KpMBM'IHO
Aeno - 'IJI. 73, CT. 3, T. 4 3KII) MJIM He M3a6epe p;pyror 6paH11ou;a. EpaH11ou;a
no cJiy)K6eHoj AY)KHOCTM nocTaBJba pernett,eM jaBHM TY)KMJiau; MlIM npep;­
ceAHHK cyp;a, no pep;ocnep;y ca crr11cKa ap;BOKaTa Koj11 p;ocTaBJba Hap;ne)KHa
aABOKaTCKa KOMopa. Ap;BOKaTCKa KOMopa je AY)KHa p;a y CnMCKY ap;BOKaTa
HaBeAe p;aryM yn11ca ap;BoKaTa y MMeHMK ap;BoKara J1 p;a BOAM paqyHa o
TOMe Aa rrpaKTJ1'IHJ1 J171J1 CTP)"IHJ1 pap; ap;BOKaTa y o6nacTJ1 KpMBJ1'IHOr
npaBa p;aje OCHOBa 3a npeTnocTaBKY p;a he op;6paHa 611TJ1 p;enornopHa.
Cm1caK ap;BoKaTa o6jaBJbyje ce Ha MHTepHeT crpaH11u;11 11 ornacHoj Ta6n11
HaAJie)Ktte ap;BoKaTcKe KOMope M cyp;a. Epamrnau; nocTaBJbeH no cny)K-
6eHoj AY)KHOCTJ1 MO)Ke Tpa)KJ1TJ1 p;a 6yp;e pa3perneH CaMO J13 onpaBp;aHJ1X
pa3nora (qn, 76 3KII).
Oo6pa1-ta cupoMaumux je BMp; ¢opManHe op;6paHe, KojoM ce oKpMBJbe­
HOM o6e36el)yje 6pamrnau; Ha TepeT 6yI,IeTCK11x cpep;cTaBa cyp;a. Ha11Me,
OKpHBJbem1: KOjM npeMa CBOM J1MOBJ1HCKOM CTaH:,y He MO)Ke p;a nnaTJ1 Ha­
rpaAy H rpornKoBe 6paH11ou;a, MO)Ke p;a 3axTeBa p;a MY ce nocTaBJ1 6paHJ1-
na�, rrop; ycnoBoM p;a He nocToje pa3JI03M 3a o6aBe3HY op;6paHy, a p;a ce
KpHBH'IHH IIOCTynaK BO,ll;J1 3a Kpl1BJ1'IHO p;eno 3a KOje je npon11caHa Ka3-
Ha 3arnopa npeKo 3 rop;MHe MlIM aKo TO HaJia)Ky pa3JI03J1 npaBJ1'IHOCTJ1.
Y cnyqajy op;6paHe c11poMarnHJ1x, TpornKoB11 o,n;6paHe nap;ajy Ha TepeT
6YI,IeTCKHX cpep;cTaBa cy,n;a. Op;nyKy ,ll;OHOCM cyp;11ja 3a rrpeTXO,ll;HJ1 no­
cryrraK, npep;cep;HMK Beha MlIM cyp;11ja nojep;MHau;, a 6paH11ou;a perneH>eM
nocraBJba npep;cep;HMK cyp;a ca cn11cKa ap;BoKaTcKe KOMope. IIocraBJbeHM
6paHHJial..\ J1Ma CBOjCTBO 6paHMou;a no CJiy)K6eHoj AY)KHOCTJ1.

3. IlpaBHJI IIOJIO)Kaj 6paH1101.a;a

IlpaBHJ1 TIOJIO)Kaj 6paHJ1ou;a KapaKTep11rne CKyn 3aKOHOM npep;BJ1l)eHJ1X
npaBa H p;y)KHOCTM. HajBa)KHMja npaBa M p;y)KHOCTM 6paH11ou;a npep;B11l)a
3aKOHHK O KpHBJ1'IHOM IlOCTynKy, Map;a ce OBJ1M nMTaH:,eM 6aBe J1 3aKOH 0
aABOKaryp11 147 11 Kop;eKc ap;BoKaTCKe eTMKe. IIocMaTpaHo ca acneKTa npa­
Ba 6paHHOQa y Kp11BJ1'IHOM noCTynKy yorrrnTe, MO)Ke ce KOHCTaTOBaTJ1 p;a
noJIO)Kaj 6paH11ou;a KapaKTep11rny p;Be rpyne rrpaBa.
IlpBy rpyrry rrpaBa 'IJ1He npaBa Koja J1Ma J1 CaM OKpMBJbeHJ1 y Kpl1BJ1'I­
HOM rrocryrrKy, a Koja ce npl13Hajy 6paH11ou;y Ha ocHoBy orrrnTe op;pep;6e
3Kll, npeMa Kojoj je 6paH11nau; oBnarnheH p;a npe,n;y311Ma CBe pap;H>e Koje
MO>Ke npep;y3eT11 0KpMBJbeHJ1 (qn, 71, CT. 1, T. 5 3KII). IIopep; TOra, TY cna-
11ajy H npaBo p;a np11cycrnyje np11npeMHOM po'IMllITY, p;a npep;Jia)Ke p;oKa3e
Ha rnaBHOM rrperpecy, p;a ,n;a 3aBpllIHY peq, 113jaBJ1 )Kan6y rrpor11B rrpecyp;e
147 ,,C11yJ1C6eHu macHUK PC', 6p. 31/2011 YI 24/2012 - OAJiyKa YC.
104 ArreKcaHp;ap EollIKOBttn, Talba Kecwn: Kpueu"tHO npou,erno npaeo

M p;p. ITpaBa M3 oBe rpyrre Mory 6J1TJ1 orpaHwieHa Kopmrrhett,eM rrpaBa oi:1
CTpaHe OKpMBJbeHor, TaKO p;a OH MO)Ke yHarrpe,n; p;a crrpe'IM rrpep;y3MMaH>e
KpI1BJ1'1HOIIpO:QeCHe pap;tt,e o,n; CTpaHe 6paHMO:Qa J1JIJ1 HaKHap;HO p;a o,n;y­
CTaHe op; Ben rrpep;y3eTe pa,n;tt,e tt,eroBor 6paHMo:qa.
,I.J;pyry rpyrry rrpaBa 'IMHe OHa Koja cy MCKJbYl.fMBO Be3aHa 3a 6pam10u;a,
Kao IllTO cy crrep;eha rrpaBa:
• p;a ca yxarrrneHMM, rrpe tt,eroBor rrpBor cacrryrnatt,a, 06am1 ITOBepJbMB
pa3roBop;
• ,n;a HeITocpe,n;Ho ITPe ITpBor cacrrylllatt,a ocyMlhM'leHor rrpo'Ili1Ta Kpw­
BM'IHY npMjaBy, 3aITJ1CHJ1K O YBMl)ajy J1 HaJia3 J1 MJ1llIJbelbe BellITaKa;
• p;a ITocrre p;oHornelba Hapep;6e o crrpoBol)elhy MCTpare li1JIM ITOCJie He­
nocpep;Hor nop;J13att,a OITTY)KHM:Qe, a M rrpe Tora aKo je oKpMBJbeHM carny­
rnaH, y cKrrap;y ca 3KIT pa3MaTpa crrMce M pa3rnep;a rrpe;n;MeTe KojM crry)l(e
Kao ,o;oKa3;
• ,n;a ca OKpI1BJbeHJi1M KOjM je y rrpMTBopy Ha ITOBeplbMB Ha'IMH pa3rOBa­
pa M HeOMeTaHO BO,ll;M npenMCKY, OCMM aKO 3KIT HMje ,n;pyra'IMje op;pel)eHO
M p;a rrpep;y3MMa ,n;pyre pap;Ibe Kap;a je TO op;pel)eHo y 3KIT.
,I.J;y)KHOCTJ1 6paHJ10:Qa y KpMBM'IHOM ITOCTyrrKy jecy 6pojHe J1 H,MXO­
BO HeBprnelbe MJIM HenpaBMJIHO Bprnelbe MO)Ke ITpOI13BeCTJ,f rrocrre,n;J1-
:qe ITO 6paHMO:Qa, y CMJ1CJIY npeCTaHKa 6paHMJia'-:IKe cpyHK:QMje, aJIJ,f vi: no
OKpHBJbeHor, KOjM ce y TOj rnTya:qMjM cyoqaBa ca ITOTpe6oM J136opa HOBOf
6paHMO:Qa, OgHOCHO rrpMXBaTaH,a ,n;pyror IlOCTaBJbeHOf 6paHMO:Qa.
ITpeMa 3aKOHMKY o KpMBM'IHOM nocTyrrKy, 6paHMrra:q je ,n;y)KaH ,n;a:
• nop;Hece opraHy ITOCTyrrKa rryHoMohje, 6e3 op;naratt,a;
• ITPY)KJ1 OKpMBJbeHOM IlOMOn y o,n;6paHM - CTPYl.fHO, caBeCHO M 6rraro­
BpeMeHO;
• He 3noyrr0Tpefo1 npaBa y :QMJbY o,n;yroBrraqett,a rrocTyITKa;
• yrro3opM OKpMBJbeHor Ha nocrre,n;m.1,e o,n;pvi::qatt,a MJili1 op;ycrnjalba 011
ITpaBa;
• rrpy)Ka rrpaBHY IIOMOil OKpMBJbeHOM y poKy O,D, 30 ,n;aHa op; p;aHa Kaga
je OTKa3ao nyHoMohje, aKo npe McTeKa Tor poKa He 6y,D,e M3a6paH ,n;pyrn
6paHMJia:Q ( 'Ill. 72).
AKO OKpMBJbeHM l13jaBM opratty IIOCTYTIKa ,n;a o,n;6Mja 6paHMO:Qa no­
CTaBJbeHor ITO crry)K6ettoj AY)KHOCTM M ,n;a )KeJIM ,n;a ce 6paHM MCKJb}"IMBO
caM, 6paHMJia:Q no crry)K6ettoj p;y)KHOCTM ,n;y)KaH je ,n;a:
• 6yp;e yrro3HaT ca cap;p)KajeM ,n;oKa3HMX pap;lhM vi: TOKOM maBHor npe­
Tpeca;
 KpMBvt:trnonpou;ecHJ1 cy6jeKTM 105

• OKpI1BJbeHOM p;aje o6jallllbelba 11 caBeTe IIJ.1CaHMM nyTeM, aKO

0KpHBJbeHJ1 o,n;forja p;a ca InMM pa3roBapa;
• npwcycTByje pap;InaMa y rrocTynKy J1 p;a J13Hece 3aBpnrny peq, aKo ce
OKpWBJbeHJ1 TOMe :t13pJ1qJ1TO He rrpOTJ1BJ1;
• Ha 3axTeB 0Kp:t1BJbeHor mm y3 IneroBy 113p11q11Ty carnacHocT 113jaB:t1
peAOBHH rrpaBHM neK 11 rrpep;y3Me p;pyre pap;Ine y rrocTyrrKy.

4. IlpecTaHaK 6paH11na'IKe 4>ynK.u;11je

Bpam10u;y rrpeCTajy rrpaBa 11 AY)KHOCTJ1 y cnyqajy 0110311aa J1JIJ1 OTKa3a
II}'HOMohja 11 pa3perneineM (qn, 80 3KI1). Ono3UB nyHoMonja jeCTe rrpB:t1
BHA npecraHKa 6paHJ1JiatIKe cpyHKD;Mje, KOjJ1 110CTOjJ1 Kap;a OKp:t1BJbeHJ1
OAJIY'IW ,n; a op;yCTaHe op; op;JiyKe p;a ra 3aCTyrra op;pel)eH11 6paH:t1nau;. 0Bo
n p aBo wMajy J1 p;pyra n:t1u;a Koja cy OBJiarnhetta p;a y Kop11cT oKpMBJbettor
H3a6epy 6paHJ10I.-\a, OKp:t1BJbeHJ1 J1Ma rrpaBo p;a y CBaKOM TpeHyTKY orro-
30Be nyttoMohje, 6e3 rroTpe6e p;a TaKBY o,n;n yK y rroce6Ho o6pa3Jia)Ke, an11
je Ay)KaH ,n;a o TOMe 06aBeCTJ1 cyp;.
Pa3peU1e1tJe 6pa1-tuou,a jecTe p;pyrn BMA rrpecrnttKa 6patt:t1JiaqKe cpyttK-
1.µ1je ,n;o Kojer MO)Ke p;oh11 y cnep;ehMM 01Tyau;:t1jaMa:
• aKo rrocroj:t1 tteKM op; pa3nora 3a tteMoryhttocT cT:t1u;aina rnojcTBa
6p attwou;a (qn, 73, CT. 3 3KI1);
• aKO rrocne orroMeHe :t1 :t13peqeHe HoBqatte Ka3He HaCTaBM p;a ttapyrnaBa pep;;
• aKO rrpOTJ1B Inera 6yp;e IIOKpeHyT Kp:t1BJ1qHJ1 rrocTyrraK 36or OCHOBaHe
C}'Mlbe ,n;a je y Be3M ca J1CTJ1M rrpep;MeTOM yqJ1HJ10 KpJ1BJ1qHo p;eno crrpeqa­
Balba 1-1 OMeTaH,a p;oKa3J1Balha J1JIJ1 6eKCTBO J1 OMoryhaBalhe 6eKCTBa JIMu;a
JIHllleHor rno6op;e;
• aKO MY je rryttoMohje IlOHOBO p;aTo HaKOH OII03J1Ba J1JIJ1 OTKa3a rrytto­
Mohja, a ,n;o Tora je oq:t1rnep;Ho ,D;OIIlJIO y u;:t1Jby 3noyrroTpe6e rrpaBa (qn, 14,
cr.13KIT);
• aKo ce {a;;M o 3ajep;HJ1qKoM 6patt:t1ou;y cyrrpoTHO CMMCJIY op;6paHe y
TaKBOM cnyqajy, a OKp:t1BJbeHJ1 He TIOCTYI1l1 no 1103J1BY opraHa rrocTyrrKa
ynyhettor c u;11JbeM OTKJiainaina rroCTyrraH>a TaKBOr 6paHJ1ou;a cyrrpoTHO
OApeA6aMa 3KI1;
• aKo ce OKpI1BJbeH:t1 KojM MMa B:t1rne op; rreT 6paH:t1nau;a He orrpep;eJIM
Koje he 6pattMou;e 3ap;p)Kan1;
• aKo 0KpJ1BJbeH:t1 J1JIJ1 ,n;pyro JIJ1u;e Koje J1Ma rrpaBo p;a aHra)Kyje 6paH11-
o�a 0KpJ1BJbeHoM Y3Me p;pyror 6paH:t1ou;a;
• aKO 6pamrnau; He J13BplliaBa CBoje AY)KHOCTJ1 Ha Haq1rn rrpep;BMljeH
3aKOHOM;
106 ArreKcaH,n;ap EollIKOBMn, Talba Kec11h: KpuBUt.tHo npou,eCHo npaBo

• aKo cy ycnep; rrpoMeHe l1MOBJ1HCKor CTaH>a oKpHBJbeHor rrpecTam:1 .n;a

IIOCTOje pa3JI03l1 3a op;6paHy C11pOMaIIIHl1X (trn. 80 3KI1).
0 pa3peIIIeH>y 6paH11ou;a op;nyKy - Ha rrpep;nor jaBHor Ty)Irnou;a mm no
CJiy)K6eHoj p;y)KHOCTl1 - p;OHOCJ1 cyp;11ja 3a rrpeTXOp;HJ1 IIOCTyrraK, rrpep;ce.n;­
Hl1K Beha, rrpeTpecHo Behe l1JIJ1 cyp;11ja rrojep;HHau;, y 3aBJ1CHOCTJ1 op; cpa3e
Kp11Bwrnor rrocTyrrKa.
 Op;eJbaK TpehH
KPJ1BJ1qHO TIPO IJ;ECHE PA,1JJhE
\
I TIOJAM, H AqEJIA J13B013ElhA J1 BPCTE
KPJ1BJ1qHQITPOIJ;ECHJ1X PA,IJJhJ1
1. IIojaM JI Ha'leJia H3BO�elba KpHBH'IHOIIpo:u;ecHHX pal.t;lbH

KpHB.fPIHOrrpou;eette pa,n;lhe crra,n;ajy y ,n;pyrn OCHOBHJil rrojaM KpHBJilq­

HOr npou,eCHor rrpaBa. IlojaM KpHBJilqHonpou;ecHl1X pap;lbH HHje 3aKOHOM
ypel)eH, Beh je npenynneH TeopHjH KpHBJilqHor npou;eettor npaBa. Met)y
reopen1qap1,1Ma KplilBJilqHor npou;ecHor npaBa He nocTojH carnacHOCT y
lbHXOBOM ,n;eqmHHCalby. BetrnHa ayrnpa CMaTpa ,n;a KplilBJilqHonpou;ecHe
paAH>e rrpe,n;cTaBJbajy 3aKOHOM o,n;pet)eHo qJilH>elbe KplilBJilqHonpou;ecHJilX
cy6jeKara. MnaK, KplilBJilqHonpou;eette pa,n;H>e ce He MaHHcpecTyjy caMo
11HH>eH>eM (,n;aBaH>eM op;pet)eHHX 1,13jaBa, nop;HOllleH>eM o,n;pet)eHMX nop;He­
caKa), Beh 11 Heq1,1fbelbeM (nponyIIITalbeM poKa 3a npe,n;y3HMalhe o,n;pet)e­
He pap;H,e, M30CTaHKOM ca poqJilllITa 1,1 ,n;p.).
Ilojep;MHlil HX op;pet)yjy Kao aKu;110HH li13pa3 3aKOHOM npon1,1caHJ1X npa­
sa " .n;y)KHOCTH KpHBJilqHonpou;ecm1x cy6jeKaTa. 148 HellITO npeu;H3HHja
Ae�HHHU,Mja KplilBHqHonpou;ecHMX pap;H>lil jecTe OHa KOjOM ce no,n; OBHM
nojMoM rrop;pa3yMeBajy p;enaTHOCTH npou;eettHx cy6jeKaTa Koje OHlil npe­
A)'3HMajy Ha OCHOBY CBOjHX 3aKOHCKJi1X OBJialllheiba MJIJil o6aBe3a, no,n;
saKOHOM yTBpt)eHMM yrnoBHMa, y npon1,1cattoj cpopMH 1,1 ca o,n;pet)ettoM
caAp)KHHOM, ca I..J;HJbeM ,n;a Y™qY Ha 3aCHHBalbe, TOK HJilil OKOHqaH>e npo­
�eCHor o,n;Hoca. 149
Ilope,n; pa3JIJilqJi1TOr TeopHjCKor o,n;pet)elba nojMa KpHBJ1qttonpou;ecHHX
paAH>H, y Teopliljlil IIOCTOje H pa3JIJilqJi1Tl1 nplilcTyn1,1 y o,n;pet)HBalhy OCHOB­
HHX ttaqerra li13Bot)eH>a KpHBJ1qHonpou;ecHHX pap;lblil. Kao ocHOBHa Haqerra
H3BOl)eH,a KpMBJilqHonpou;ecHlilX pa,n;H>H MO:>K.eMO Ji13,D;BO)MTJ1: Hatteno yc­
MeHOCTH, Haqerro Henocpep;HOCTJil Ji1 HaqeJIO jaBHOCTM. lhlilMa ce op;pet)yje

148 Byjoauh, .[I. (2004). Kpuau'tHO npof.leCHO npaao, Bmua !llKona yHyTpaunnux nocnoaa,
6eorpa11, crp. 81.
149 rpy6aq, M. (2006). Opus citatum, cTp. 201.
 KpHBJ/l'IHOrrpoQeCHe pap;lbe 109

ra. Herrocpep;Ha jaBHOCT MO)Ke 6-nrn: cmpaHa1-tKa - aKo ce npncycTBosa1-1,e

npoL1eCHJ1M pap;H>aMa orpaH11tiaBa Ha cTpaHKe 11 op;peljeHe yqecH11Ke y no­
crynKy 1,rn11 omuma - aKo ce np11cycTBOBa1-1,e npou;ecHJ1M pap;lbaMa p;o-
3B0nM 11 rperuiM m1:ii;11Ma (ny6n11u;11).
ITopep; wcrnu;alba jaBHOCTJ1 Kao jep;Hor op; Hatiena KpJ1BJ1'IHorrpou;eCHJ1X
Pcl'AlbJ1, jaBHOCT je KJbYtIHJ1 eJieMeHaT rrpaBa Ha npaBJ1'IHO cyljelbe ('IJJ. 6, CT.
l EsporrCKe KOHBeHu;J1je O JbY,ll;CKJ1M rrpaBJ1Ma). Ha'IeJIO jaBHOCTJ1 cap;p)Kl1
H YcraB PC, TaKolje y OKBHPY rrpaBa Ha rrpaBJ1'IHO cyljelbe ('In. 32, CT. 1 J1
3). Kao 11 y cnyqajy npeTXO,ll;HJ1X Ha'Iena, jaBHOCT HajBJ1111e p;ona3H p;o 113pa­
>Kaja Ha maBHOM npeTpecy, p;oK je 1-1,etta np11MeHa orpaHJ1'IeHa y 11CTpa311.
Ha'leJIO jaBHOCTJ1 y ITOTrryHOCTJ1 je 3acTynJbeHO y noCTynKy rrpOTJ1B
ll}'H0JieTHJl!X yqJ1HJ1Jiau;a KpJ1BJ1'IHJ1X p;ena J1 TO Ha rnaBHOM npeTpecy.
fnaBHJ1 npeTpec je jaBHJ1 J1 H>eMy Mory np11cycrnOBar11 caMo mru;a cra­
pHja op; 16 rop;11tta ('IJI. 362 3KIT). Bene MO)Ke no cny)K6eHoj p;y)Kttocr11
HCKJb)"lHTH jaBHOCT 3a u;eo rnaBHJ1 rrpeTpec 11n11 jep;aH JberoB p;eo, J1JJJ1
Ha npep;nor CTpaHaKa mrn 6patt11ou;a, aKo je TO rroTpe6Ho pap;11 3alllTl1-
re: Httrepeca Hau;HoHantte 6e36ep;HOCTJ1; jasHor pep;a 11 Mopana; J1Hrepeca
ManoJieTHJl!Ka; rrp11BaTHOCTl1 yqecHJ1Ka y rrocTynKy l1JIJ1 APYTHX onpaBp;a­
HHX Jrnrepeca y p;eMoKpaTCKOM p;pymTBy ( qn. 363 3KIT). I1ocTOj11 11 noce-
6att crryqaj J1CKlbY4-elba jaBHOCT11 ca rnaBHor rrperpeca Kap;a ce 11cn11ryje
oKpHBJbeHH capap;Hl1K 117111 ocyljeH11 capap;Hl1K. ITpep;nor 3a J1CKlbY4-elbe
jaBHOCTJ1 y OBOM cnyqajy ITO,ll;HOCJ1 jaBHJ1 TY)KMJiau;. ITpe ,ll;OHOllielba op;ny­
Ke o npep;nory jaBHOr Ty)K11ou;a, rrpep;cep;H11K Bena he 3aTpa)KMTJ1 op; on­
ry)l(ettor M fuerosor 6paH11ou;a p;a ce H3jacHe o npep;nory 3a 11cKlbY4-e1-1,e
jaBHocrn (qn, 366 3KIT).
vlCKJb)"leH>e jaBHOCTJ1 He O,ll;HOCJ1 ce Ha crpaHKe, 6paHJ.10u;a, Oll1Tehettor
M lberoBor 3aKOHCKOf 3acTynHJ.1Ka 11 nyHOMOflHJ.1Ka TY)Kl10u;a. Bene MO)Ke
A03B0JIJ1TJ.1,ll;a rnaBHOM npeTpecy, Ha KojeM je jaBHOCT l1CKJbyqeHa, np11cy­
crsyjy rrojep;MHa cny)K6eHa n11u;a, ttayqHH, cTpyqHM M jaBHJ.1 pap;HJ.1IJ;J1, a Ha
3axTeB omy)KeHor MO)Ke TO p;o3BOJil1Tl1 l1 JberosoM 6pa'IHOM p;PYTY, 6Jrn­
CKHM cpop;HJ.1l.l;l1Ma J1 JIMu;y ca KOjl1M )KJ.1Bl1 y BaH6pa'IHOj l17Jl1 APYTOj Tpaj­
HOj 3ajep;HJ1IJ;J.1 )KJ.1BOTa. I1pep;cep;H11K seha Mopa yno3op11T11 me np11cyrtte
Aa cy AY)KHJ.1 p;a Kao TajHy qyBajy CBe OHO ll1TO cy Ha npeTpecy Ca3HaJJJ1 J.1
yica3ane HM p;a op;aBaH>e TajHe rrpep;cTaBlba Kp11BJ.1'IHO p;eno.
Op;nyKy O JllCKll>yqelby jaBHOCTl1 ,ll;OHOCl1 Bene pemelbeM, Koje Mopa
6HTH o6pa3JIO)KeHo 11 jaBHO o6jaBlbeHO. y pemeH>y he ce KOHCTaTOBaTJ.1 J1
xojHM n11u;J.1Ma je p;o3BOlbeHo p;a rrpHcycTByjy rnaBHOM npeTpecy. PellleJ-be
0HCKJby<IeJ-by jaBHOCTJ1 MO)Ke ce rro611jaTJ.1 caMO y )KaJI6l1 Ha rrpecyp;y l1JIJ1
ypewelhy Koje op;roBapa rrpecyp;11.
 Kp11B11•-rnorrpol..\eCHe pap;fue 111

ynpaBJbalba J1 pa3BJ1jalba Kpl1BJ1'1HOr IIOCTynKa J1 Kpl1BJ1'1HOIIpou;ectte

paAlbe rrpoy3poK0Balba cy,o;cKJ1X o,o;nyKa J1 rrpecyl)elba. 152
Tpetrn: KpJ1Tep:i1jyM KJiacmp:i1Kau;:i1je rrona3:i1 o,o; KPJ1Tep:i1jYMa .n;onp:i1-
&oca KpHBI1l{HOIIpou;ecHJ1X pa,o;H>J1 OCTBap:i1Balby OCHOBHOr 3ap;aTKa Kpl1-
BH'IHOr rrpou;eettor rrpasa . ITpeMa OBOM KPJ1Tep:i1jyMy, CBe Kpl1BJ11IHOilpO­
�eCHe paAlbe ,o;ene ce Ha pap;lbe ,o;oKa3J1BaH>a, pa,o;lbe o.n;nyq:i1BaH>a, pa,o;H>e
npou;eCHe rrp:i1tty,o;e J1 pap;lbe PYKOBol)elba KpJ1BJ1'IHJ1M rrocTynKoM. I53
TipeACTaBJbeHe KJiarnqrnKau;:i1je, Kao H 6pojtte ,o;pyre, penaTHBHor cy Ka­
paicrepa jep je HeMoryhe CTp11KTHO 11 6e3 op;cTynaH>a 113JJ;BOjl1TJ1 Kpl1Bl1'1HO­
npou;eCHe pa,o;H>e o,o;pel)ette caAp)l(11tte no fomo KojeM KpJ1Tep11jyMy. Y l13-
naralhy Koje cne,o;11 6:i1he pe'rn o OCHOBHJ1M rrpas11n11Ma ,o;oKa311Balba y Kpl1-
BH'IHOM rrocTynKy, ,o;oK he ,o;oKa3He pa,o;lbe rrpe,o;s:i1l)ette 3KI1 6J1TJ1 rrpe,o;­
CTaBJbeHe y OKBHPY l13JiaraH>a rroce6Hor ,o;ena Kpl1Bl1'1Hor rrpou;ecttor rrpasa .

II OCHOBHE HAIIOMEHE O ,D;OKA3J1MA J1

,[(OKA3J1BAI-bY Y KPJ1BJ1qHOM IIOCTYIIKY
I. IIojaM, npe.n;MeT 11 3Ha1:1aj .n;oKa3a
TI11rafue ,o;oKa3a J1 ,o;oKa311Balba crra,o;a y HajBa)l(HJ1ja IIJ1Talba Kp11BJ1'1-
&or np01�eettor rrpasa, o KojeM y KpJ1BJ1'IHorrpou;eCHoj Teop:i1j:i1 rrocTOje
paamtt-rnra cxsaTaH>a. I1p:i1cyTtte cy 11 6pojtte KJiacmp:i1Kau;:i1je y o.n;pel):i1-
BalbY nojMa ,o;oKa3a, Koje ynop:i1ll1Te rrpottaJia3e y Kpl1B11'1HOrrpastt11M J1JIJ1
KpHBlf'iHOrrpou;ecHJ1M o,o;pe,o;6aMa. I1oje,o;:i1ttJ1 TeopeT11'Iap:i1 rrojaM ,o;o­
w OApe�yjy Kao CBaKJ1 OCHOB J1JIJ1 pa3JIOr KOjl1 r0Bop11 3a J1CTJ1Hl1TOCT
eeKe Bcl)l(He 'IJ1H>ett:i1u;e y rrocTynKy. 154 )];pyre ,o;eqmtt:i1u;11je rro,o; ,o;oKa3oM
DOApa3yMeBajy 'IJ1lbeHJ.1u;y O J1CTJ1HJ1TOCTJ1 J1JIJ1 Hel1CTJ1HJ1TOCTJ1 crroptte
'UflbeHHu;e. I55 Je,o;tta o,o; ttajrrp11XBaTJbJ1B11jJ1X ,o;eqrnH11u;:i1ja ooKa3a jecTe Otta
1oja ra OApel)yje Kao OCHOB 113 Kojer ce J13BO)];J1 3aKJbyqaK O J1CTJ1HJ1TOCTJ1
IIJIH HeHCTJ1HJ1TOCTJ1 'IJ1lbeHJ1u;a Koje ce yTBpl)yjy Y IIOCTynKy. 156 Peq je 0
11HlbeH11u;aMa Koje cy o,o; 3Ha'laja 3a rrp:i1Metty MaTep:i1janttor J1JIJ1 rrpou;ec­
BOr npaBa y o,o;pel)eHOM Kpl1BJ1'1HOM rrpe,o;MeT y , a aKTJ1BHOCT cy,o;a KOja je
ycMepeHa Ka yTBpl)11Balby 'IJ1lbett:i1u;a tta3J1Ba ce ooKa3u6aHJe. 157 Y IIJ1TaH>y
jecno)l(eHa aKTJ1BHOCT Koja ce o,o;B:i1ja y TPH cpa3e, o,o; KojJ1X ce rrpsa cacToj11
fOAJl)"iHBalby KOjH ce ,D;OKa3J1 Mory J13BeCTJ1, ,o;pyra y lbJ1XOBOM J13Bol)elby,

A11M11Tp11jes11n, ,U. (1981). Opus citatum, cTp. 245.

BaCl1/bCBl1n, T. (1981). Opus citatum, CTp. 291-292.
MapKoa11n, 6. (1926). Opus citatum, cTp. 282.
A11M11Tp11jes11h, ,U. (1981). Opus citatum, cTp. 182.
Bac11/beB11n, T. (1981). Opus citatum, CTp. 294.
Ibidem, cTp. 292.
112 ArreKCaHp;ap DOllIKOBMn, TaH,a Kernn: Kpu8U'1.HO npou,eCHO npa80

a rrocnep;H>a y ou;eHJt1 p;oKa3a. 158 I1Majyh11 y B11p;y p;a 3aKOHJ.1K o KpJ1BJ.1'IH0M OI.�a KpI1E
rrocTyrrKy rrporr11cyje p;a ce y rroCTyrIKy p;oKa311 np11Kyrrlbajy 11 J13Bop;e y Cnolbarn:
CKJiap;y ca op;pep;6aMa T0r 3aKOHa, Kao J.1 Ha APY™ 3aK0H0M rrpep;BJ.11jeH Ha­ nocrrep;m
'IJ.1H ('Irr. 82), M0)KeMo 3aKlbYtJMTJ.1 p;a rrojaM p;oKa3J.1BaH>e o6yXBaTa 11 cpa3e HMCpecTy
II0CTYIIKa Y KOjJ1Ma ce p;oKa3J.1 rrpMKYIIJbajy. 159 TJ.1BaH>y, I
Y u;11Jby rr0Trryttor pa3yMeBaH>a nojMa p;oKa3a HY)KH0 je yKa3aTJ.1 Ha Tp11 yHyTpalll
erreMeHTa Koja cy cacTaBHJ.1 p;eo rrojMa p;oKa3, op;H0CH0 rrojMoBe - rrpep;MeT u;a Kpl1BJ1
p;oKa3a, p;oKa3HJ.1 ocHoB 11 p;oKa3H0 cpe.n;cTBo. IlpeoMem ooKa3a (thema Bl1JIY, OHt
probandi) je 'IJ.1lbeHJ.1I.J;a KOjy Tpe6a p;oKa3aTJ.1. aoKa3HU OCH.OB UllU pa3JW2 Te)Ke (Hn
(argumentum probatio) je jep;Ha J.13BeCHa 'IJ.1H,eH11u;a Koja cTOjJ.1 y TaKo Tec­ BernTa'!eI
Hoj se311 ca 'IJ.1H>eHJ1ll;0M Koja je rrpep;MeT p;oKa3a p;a je 'IJ.1HJ1 p;oKa3aHoM. y K PJ.1
l-lJ.1H>eHJt1u;e Koje cy rrpe.n;MeT ,u; oKa3a yTBpljyjy ce 'IJ.1lbeH11u;aMa Koje cy p;o­ p;OKa3J.1Ba
Ka3HJ1 0CH0B. aoKa3HO cpeocmBO (media probandi) je J.13B0p J13 K0jer Ce I.J;Mje, 'IJ.1H
p;o611ja 'IJ.1lbeHJ1u;a Koja rrpep;cTaBJba p;oKa3HJ.1 ocHoB. 160 ,1J;oKa3Ha cpep;cTBa 0KpI1BJbel
cy 06rr11u;11 y Koj11Ma ce jaBJbajy p;oKa3HJ1 ocH0BJ.1, a noMony je,n;Hor p;o­ 3KII) 11m
Ka3Hor cpep;CTBa M0)Ke ce p;oKa3J.1BaTJ.1 BJ.1llle p;oKa3HJ1X OCH0Ba. 161 TaKo Ha cynpoTHC
rrp11Mep, aKo ce oKpMBJbeHOM cyp;11 3a KpJ.1BJ.1'IH0 p;erro y611cTBa, rrpep;MeT HomoJ
p;oKa3a je 'IJ.1H>eH11u;a p;a je, nyu;ajyh11 J.13 rroBa'!Ke rryllIKe, .n;pyror JIJ11ll110 je ca3HaH
)KJ.1B0Ta. J1CTl1HJ.1TOCT Te 'IJ1H,eH11u;e ce M0)Ke YTBp,D;I1TJ1 aK0 IIOCTOje HeKe Tora IIIT0
,n;pyre Ben J.13BecHe 'IJ.1lbett11u;e, Kao Ha rrp11Mep rrp113Halbe oKpMBJbeHor 11m1 CTpaHKe J,
11cKa3 CBep;oKa Koj11 je 6110 O'IeB11p;au; y611cTBa. OBe 'IJ1lbeH11u;e (rrp113HaH>e arrcyp.n;Ho
l1 J.1CKa3 CBep;oKa) jecy ,D;0Ka3Hl1 0CH0B. C p;pyre CTpaHe, OKpJ.1BJbeH11 KOjJ.1 je He 'IJ.1H>ell
J.13BOp np113HaH>a 11 CBep;oK op; K0jer IIOTM'Ie CBep;O'IKJ1 J.1CKa3 jecy p;0Ka3Ha ocnopasa
cpep;cTBa. ,1J;oKa3HJ.1 0CHOB ce cap;p)KJ.1 y op;petjeHOM p;oKa3H0M cpep;crny 11 CBeTCKM F
rroMony H>J.1X ce yTBpljyjy 'IMH>eH11u;e Koje cy rrpep;MeT p;oKa3a. 36or Tora ce
Ottuzm
Ka)Ke p;a p;oKa311BaT11 3Ha'I11 rrpm<yrrJbaTJ.1 p;oKa3He ocH0Be. 162
rrrep;HOCTJ
3aKOHJ1K 0 Kpl1BJ.1'IH0M IIOCTyrrKy r0Bop11 0 rrpep;MeTy p;oKa3J1BaH>a, KO .n;pyr11,
rrop; Koj11M ce rro,n;pa3yMesajy 'IJ.1lheH11u;e Koje 'IJ.1He o6erre)Kje Kp11BJ1'!Hor c11rypHOU
,n;erra 11rr11 op; Koj11x 3as11c11 rrp:nMeHa HeKe .n;pyre op;pep;6e Kp:nBM'IH0r 3aKo­ p;a je oKplil
Ha, Kao 11 rrp11MeHa op;pe.n;a6a KpMBJ.1'IHor nocTyrrKa ('Irr. 83, CT. 1112 3KIT).
IlpecyJ.
ITpep;MeT p;oKa3J.1Balba Mopa ce KpeTaTJ.1 y rpaH11u;aMa orrTy)K6e, 6y.n;yh11
p11 (np11pc
p;a ce KpI1BJ.1'IHJ.1 II0CTyrraK BO,ll;J.1 3a Kpl1BJ.1'IH0 p;erro Koje je o6yxBaneHO
cyMrru;11je_
orrTy)K60M 11 npon,rn oKpMBJbeHor Ha Kojer ce orrTy)K6a op;ttoc11.
p;a y o,u;pe
Kao llIT0 CMO HaII0MeHyrr11, y Kpl1B11'IH0M IT0CT)'llKY ce yrnpljyjy crrop­ H>eroBor r
He 'IJ.1lbett11u;e, Koje cy 611THe 3a pellleH>e o.n;peljeHe KpJ.1BJ.1'!He crnap11. CBe npecyMrru
'IJ.1lbeH11u;e Koje Mory 611TJ.1 npep;MeT p;oKa3a y KpI1BM'IH0M II0CTYTIKY Mory Bpljyje, OC
ce, y 3aBJ.1CH0CTJ.1 op; Tora p;a JIJ.1 ce 0p;H0Ce Ha Kp11BJ.1'IH0 p;eno J.1JIJ.1 YtJMHM- Ha rrpec)']
158 J/!1rnh, r. II. et al. (2013). Opus citatum, CTp. 243. OIIITeneHJ1
159 Ibidem. Ha rrp11np,
160 BarnJbeB11h, T. (1981). Opus citatum, CTp. 301.
161 Ibidem, crp. 272. 163 £ejaT01
162 fpy6a4, M. (2006). Opus citatum, crp. 236. 164 rpy6a'-!
 Kp11B11•-rnonpou,eCHe pa,rvne 113

01..1a KpMBHqHor ,n;erra, no,n;errv1T11 Ha y'HyTpa11n-be J1 cnoJbaim-be '!HllieHHIJ;e.

Crro/banrn,e 'IJ1lliem1r.:i;e cy OHe Koje ce o,1woce Ha KpJ1BJ1qHo p;erro (pap;H>y,
rrocnep;J,ui;y l1 y3po'IHJ1 op;ttoc J13MeQy pap;H>e J1 nornep;m.:i;e) J1 Koje ce Ma­
HmpeCTyjy y CITOJbHOM CBeTy J1 Mory ce nop;Bph11 Henocpep;HOM J1CilJ1-
nrnatt,y, na je l1 H>KXOBO p;oKa3HBaH>e y KpHBJ1qHoM nocTynKy rraKllie op;
yttyrpanrn,11x 'IJ1H>eHJ1r.:i;a. YHyTpallIH>e qJ1tt,eHJ1IJ;e ce THqy caMor yqHHHO­
'-la KpMBJ1qHor p;erra J1 op;Hoce ce Ha H>eroB yHyTpallIH,J1 )KJ1BOT H, no npa­
BJ1JIY, OHe ce He J1CITOJbaBajy y CilOJbHOM CBeTy, na je H:,J1XOBO p;oKa3J1BaH>e
Te)l(e (Hnp. ,ll;03HajeMO J1X caCJIYlliaH,eM OKpl1BJbeHor, IlCJ1XJ1jaTp11jCKJ1M
Bernraqett,eM l1 err.). 163
Y Kpl1BJ1'IHOM nocrynKy IlOCTOje J,'.[ TaKBe '!J1H,eHJ1IJ;e Koje He Tpe6a
,[IOKa3vrnarH, a ry cnap;ajy: HoropHe l1 oqJ1rrrep;He 'IHH>eHHIJ;e, npecYMII­
'-IHje, qJ,Itt,eHMIJ;e Koje cy y p;oBOJbHOj MepM pacrrpaBJbeHe, 'IHH>eHMIJ;e Koje
OKpMBJbem:r rrpl13Haje Ha HaqJ1H KOjl1 He 3axTeBa ,ll;OKa3J1BaH,e (qrr. 88
3KII) J,1JIJ1 qJ1H,eHJ1IJ;e O KOjMMa IIOCTOjM carrraCHOCT crpaHaKa, Kaja HJ1je y
cynpornocrH ca p;pynrn p;oKa3HMa.
HomopHe UllU onmmenoJHame t-tuHJeHuu,e jecy '!HH,eHMIJ;e o KOjHMa
je ca3HaH>e ca o6erre)KjeM MCTHHe pall!Hpetto y llIHpeM Kpyry rrm.:i;a. 36or
rora Imo 3a H>HX 3Hajy nop;jep;HaKo M raqtto CBe cyp;Hje jep;Hor cyp;a, cBe
crpaHKe M CBM yqecHHIJ;H rrocrynKa, rra 11 rpaQaHM Batt rrocrynKa, 6Mno 6J1
arrcyp,n;Ho p;oKa3MBaTJ1 Hx (notoria non egent probatione). 164 J1naK, Horop­
He 'IJ1tt,ettJ1r.:i;e Mopajy y rrocryrrKy 611TH caorrll!Tette p;a 6J1 cTpaHKe Morrre
ocrropaBaTM H,J1XOBY HOTOpHOCT (Hrrp. HOTOpHa je '!J1H,eHJ1IJ;a p;a je ,UpyrH
CBercKM par rroqeo I. cerrreM6pa 1939. rop;MHe J1 err.).
Ottume0He t-tuHJeHuu,e cy OHe Koje cy p;oKa3H no ce6J1 36or CBoje O'IH­
rnep;HocrM. YKOJIHKO ce oBaKBe 'IHH>eHHIJ;e rrojaBe y rrocryrrKy, cyp; J1 CBa­
KO ;1:1pym ce CBOjHM qyrrHMa, 6e3 rrorpe6e l13BOQeH>a rroce6ttJ1x p;oKa3a, ca
mrypttollihy MO)Ke yBepHTJ1 p;a JIM rrocroje (Hrrp. oq11rrrep;tta je 'IHH>eHHIJ;a
,[la je oKpHBJbeHH crap 'IOBeK).
IIpecyMnu,uje UllU npemnocmaeKe cy rrpaBHJia np11pop;Hor TOKa cTBa­
pw (rrpwpop;He rrpecyMrrr.:i;11je) J1JIJ1 3aKoHcKe KOHcrpyKIJ;Hje (npaBHe npe­
C}'MITIJ;t1je) CTBOpeHe Ha OCHOBY OIIllITer J1CKYCTBa rrpeMa KOjHMa ce Y3l1Ma
,[la y op;peQeHHM ycrrOBJ1Ma IlOCTOjl1 op;peQeHO '!J1H,eHJ1'IHO CTaH,e J1 6e3
fueroBor rroce6Hor p;oKa3HBatt,a. ITpHpop;Ha rrpecYMIIIJ;Hja je Ha npHMep
rrpecyMIIIJ;Hja ypa'IyttJbl1BOCTJ1 OKpHBJbeHor, C ofo11poM Ha TO p;a ce He yr­
Bpl)yje, ornM aKo ce nojaBH cyMH>a p;a je HCKJbyqeHa J1JIJ1 cMaH>eHa. ITpaB­
Ha rrpeCYMIIIJ;Hja y Kpl1BJ1'IHOM rrocrynKy MO)Ke 6J1TJ1 rrpecyMITIJ;Mja p;a
ornreneHH He )KeJIM p;a npey3Me 3acrynaH>e onry)K6e aKo HHje npMcyraH
Ha rrpMrrpeMHOM po'IMllITY J1JIJ1 rrraBHOM rrperpecy, a ypep;Ho je no3BaH
163 6ejaTos11n, C. (2014). Opus citatum, cTp. 276.
164 fpy6a'i, M. (2006). Opus citatum, cTp . 239.
126 AJieKcaH�ap BornK0B11n, TaH>a Kernn: Kpu8U'Lf.HO npou,erno npa8o

rrperro3HaBafua, y 3arrJ1cHJ1K he ce yHeTH l1 rro,n;aQH KOjH cy Ba)KHJ1 c ofoH­

poM Ha rrpHpo,n;y TaKBe pa,n;tt,e J1JIJ1 3a YTBPQJ1Bafue J1CTOBeTHOCTJ1 rroje,n;J1-
HJ1X rrpe,n;MeTa (on Mc, Mepe J1 BenwrnHa rrpe,n;MeTa l1 TparoBa, cTaBJbafue
O3HaKe Ha rrpe,n;MeTJ1Ma J1 ,n;p.). YKOJ1J1KO cy HarrpaBJbeHe CKJ1Qe, QpTe)KJ1,
IIJiaHOBJ1, cpoTorpaqmje, <Pl1JIMCKJ1 J1JIJ1 ,n;pyrH TeXHJ1qKJ1 CHJ1MQJ1 - TO he
ce HaBeCTJ1 y 3aIIJ1CHl1KY J1 rrpl1KJbyql1TJ1 3aIIJ1CHJ1Ky.
3aBpillHJ1 ,n;eo 3arrJ1CHJ1Ka qJ1He IIOTIIJ1CJ1. 3arrl1CHJ1K IIOTIIJ1Cyje JIJ1Qe KOje
rrpe,n;y3eno pa,n;tt,y l1 3arrJ1cHJ1qap, a y o,n;pel)eHHM cnyqajeBHMa l1 JIJ1Qa Koja
cy rrpHcycTBOBana Bprnett,y pa,n;tt,e (Hrrp. CBe,n;oQH rrpHJIHKOM rrpeTpecatt,a).
3arrl1CHJ1K IIOTIIJ1cyje cacnyrnaHO J1J1J1 J1CIIJ1TaHO JIJ1Qe, a aKO ce 3aIIJ1CHJ1K
caCTOjl1 o,n; BJ1Ille JIJ1CTOBa, OBO JIJ1Qe IIOTIIJ1Cyje CBaKJ1 JIJ1CT. Y 3aBpillHOM
,n;eny 3aIIJ1CHJ1Ka Mory ce HaBeCTJ1 rrpl1rOBOpl1 Ha HaqJ1H Ha KOjl1 je Bol)eH
3aIIJ1CHJ1K J1JIJ1 HaqJ1H rrpe,n;y3J1Matt,a o,n;pel)eHe pa,n;tt,e. AKo ce pa,n;tt,a HJ1je
Moma 06aBJ1TJ1 6e3 rrpeKJ1,n;a, y 3arrJ1CHJ1KY he ce Ha3Haq11TJ1 ,n;aH l1 qac Ka,n;a
je HacTao rrpeKJ1,n;, Kao l1 ,n;aH J1 qac Ka,n;a ce pa,n;tt,a HacTaBJba.
3arrl1CHJ1K ce MOpa BO.U:J1TJ1 ype,n;HO. Y fueMy ce He CMe HJ1IllTa 6pJ1CaTJ1,
,n;o,n;aBaTJ1 J1JIJ1 MefuaTl1. ITpeQpTaHa MeCTa Mopajy OCTaTJ1 qJ1TKa. CBa rrpe­
J1Haqett,a, HcrrpaBKe J1 ,n;o,n;aQJ1 yttoce ce Ha Kpajy 3arrJ1CHJ1Ka l1 Mopajy 611TH
OBepeHa o,n; CTpaHe J1J1Qa KOja IIOTIIJ1cyjy 3aIIJ1CHJ1K.
HaKOH cacTaBJbafua 3am11CHJ1Ka, o,n;pel)eHa JIJ1Qa J1Majy rrpaBo ,n;a 3arrJ1c­
HJ1K rrpoqJ1Tajy HJIJ1 ,n;a 3axTeBajy ,n;a HM ce rrpoqJ1Ta. Y IIJ1Tafuy cy: cacnyipa­
HO J1JIJ1 J1CIIJ1TaHo JIHQe, JIJ1Qa Koja o6aBe3HO rrpHcycTByjy pa,n;fuaMa y rro­
cTyrrKy, Kao J1 CTpaHKe, 6paHJ1JiaQ J1 OillTeneHJ1, aKO cy rrp1,1cyTHJ1. Ha OBO
npaBo je ,n;y)KHO ,n;a HX yrro3opJ1 JIJ1Qe Koje rrpe,n;y3HMa pa,n;tt,y, a y 3arrJ1CHJ1KY
ce Ha3Haqyje ,n;a JIM je yrro3opett,e yqHtt,eHo l1 ,n;a JIM je 3aIIJ1CHJ1K rrpoqJ1TaH.
3arrJ1CHJ1K he ce YBeK rrpoqJ1TaTJ1 aKo HJ1je 6J1no 3arrJ1CHJ1qapa, l1 TO he ce
Ha3HaqJ1TJ1 y 3arrJ1cHJ1Ky. 3aKOH ca,n;p)Kl1 l1 rroce6Ha rrpaBHJia Koja ce o,n;Hoce
Ha IIOTIIJ1CJ1Bafue 3aIIJ1CHJ1Ka (qn. 235, CT. 4-7 3KI1).
ITope,n; Bol)ett,a T3B. KJ1acJ1qHor 3arrJ1cHJ1Ka, opraH rrocTyrrKa MO)Ke Hape­
.U:J1TJ1 ,n;a ce l13Bol)ett,e ,n;oKa3He J1JIJ1 ,n;pyre pa,n;tt,e cHuMu noMony ype�aja 3a
moHCKO UllU onmuttKO CHUMa1-be. Cacnyrnatt,e OKpl1BJbeHOf J1 J1CIIJ1TJ1Bafue
CBe,n;oKa J1 BernTaKa y rrocTyrrKy 3a KpJ1BJ1qHa ,n;ena y o,n;Hocy Ha Koja ce rrpH­
Mett,yjy rroce6He ,n;oKa3He pa,n;tt,e l1 rrocTyrra jaBHO, Ty)KJ1narnTBo rroce6He ·
Ha,n;Jie)KHOCTJ1 (qn. 162, CT. 1, T. 1 3KIT) o6aBe3HO ce TOHCKJ1 CHJ1Ma. 0 CHJ1-
MaH,y he opraH rrocTyrrKa rrpeTxop;Ho o6aBeCTJ1TM ,rnu;e Koje yqecTByje y
pa,n;tt,H.
TOHCKO J1JIJ,-[ OIITJ1qKO CHJ1Mafue MO)Ke ce BpillMTJ1 J1 Ha rnaBHOM rrpeTpe­
cy aKO TO 3a CBaKH rroje,n;HHM rnaBHH rrpeTpec o,n;o6pH rrpe,n;ce,n;HHK Bena. Ha
3axTeB cacnyrnaHor J1JIJ1 J1CIIJ1TaHor JIJ1Qa, CHJ1MaK he ce o,n;Max perrpo.n:YKo­
BaTH, a J1crrpaBKe HJIH o6jarntt,ett,a Tor JIJ1Qa he ce CHMMJ1TJ1. Y 3arrJ1CHJ1K o
npou,eCHo npaao
HA
'\
�ys11MaH>e Kp11B11tIHO­
sa o.n;peljeHJ1X rr11cMe­
! MaTep11je perneHo je
IH0M rrocTyrrKy. OB.n;e
oce Ha .n;ocTaBJbaH>e.
naH>a Koja ce o.n;Hoce
111pa Ha TO o KojeM je
w. TipaB11Jia o rroce6-
<aTeropMje cy6jeKaTa
!la ce .n;ocTaBJbajy, no
ry11Ka Koj11 je o.n;nyKy
deHo ce MO)Ke .n;ocTa­
rpoBatte sa rrocnoBe
e, 3aMOJIHl1M rryTeM
fl eJieKTpOHCKl1M ny-
l0CTyrrKa MO)Ke 11 yc­
OM, y3 yrrosopeH>e Ha
raT0BaHJ1 y 3arrl1CHl1-
1a6eJie)KeHO y sarr11c­
aBJbaH>e 113BprneHo.
Ha omaettoj Ta6m1
11aCH0CT JIHu;a KojeM
p11jeM Ill1CMeHa, ny­
'TaBJbaH>e ce y 0B11M
o.n; .n;atta 11cT11u;alba
, 0)l;HOCHO o.n; np11je-
3a np11jeM n11cMeHa,
tyTeM.
w KojeM je ynyhetto.
J13BpllrnTl1, n11cMe­
)Mat1J1HCTBa KOjl1 je
'IJiaHa nopo.n;11 tIHor
:.n;y HJIH npe.n;ce.n;tt11 -
Kpt1Bwrnonpou;eCHe pa.n;I-be 129
KY Kyn.Hor caBeTa, aKo 0H11 Ha TO np11cTaHy. T11Me ce ,n;ocTaBJbaH>e cMaTpa
W3BprneHl1M. Iloce6Ha npaB11Jia o .n;ocTaBJbaH>y np11MeH>yjy ce y cnyqajy .n;a
ce .n;ocTaBJbaH>e BpllIM Ha pa,n;HOM MecTy. YKOJil1KO ce n11u;e He 3aTeKHe Ha
pa.n;HOM MecTy, n11cMeHO ce MO)Ke npep;aTl1 JIMu;y OBJiallIIleHOM 3a np!i1jeM
II0lllTe Koje je ,n;y)KHO p;a np!i1Mli1 n11cMeHo. Ilopep; Tora, nMcMeHo ce MO)Ke
npe.n;aTH 11 p;pyroM sanocneHOM n11u;y, aKo npMcTaHe ,n;a np!i1Ml1 nMcMeHo,
'!MMe ce ,D;OCTaBJbaH>e CMaTpa 113BprneH1i1M.
YKOJil1KO n11u;a KOja HeMajy p;y)KHOCT np1i1jeMa nli1CMeHa o,n;611jy .n;a rrp!i1-
Me IlJ1CMeHO, ,D;OCTaBJbatI je p;y)KaH p;a OCTaB1i1 o6aBellITeH>e p;a he nli1CMeHO
li!CTan11 Ha ornarnoj Ta6JI!i1 cyp;a M, no MoryhcTBY, Ha 11ttTepHeT cTpaHMu;li1
opraHa nocTynKa. Ilo rrpoTeKy poKa o,n; 8 ,n;atta o,n; ,n;aHa HCT!i1I.J;aH>a nli1CMe­
Ha cMaTpa ce p;a je p;ocTaBJbaH>e l13BprneHo. Ka,n;a JIMu;e KojeM je n11cMe­
H0 ynyheHo 1i1 JIMu;a Koja cy p;y)l(Ha p;a npHMe nMCMeHo op;6Hjy p;a npHMe
IIMCMeHO, ,D;OCTaBJbaq he sa6eJie)KJi1TJ1 Ha ,D;OCTaBHJ1I.J;li1 .n;aH, qac 11 pa3JIOf
o.n;6MjaH>a np11jeMa, a J111CMeHO he OCTaBl1T11 y CTaHy n11u;a KOjeM je nHCMe­
HO ynyhetto J1JIJ1 y npocTOp11j11 r,n;e je sanocnetto, tI!i1Me he ,n;ocTaBJbaH>e
6MTJ1 J13BpllieHO.
AKo ce Ha MecTy ,n;oCTaBJbaH>a He saTeKHe n11u;e KojeM ce p;ocTaBJbaH>e
M0)Ke 1i13Bpll111TJ1, a KOje je ,n;y)KHO ,n;a npl1Ml1 n11cMeHO, ,n;oCTaBJbaH,e he ce
M3Bpllll1Tl1 J1CTJ1u;aH>eM Ha ornacttoj Ta6JIJ1 cy,n;a 11, no MoryhcTBY, Ha 11H­
T epHeT cTpaH11u;11 opraHa nocTynKa. IIpoTeKOM poKa op; 8 p;aHa op; p;aHa
MCTm.�aH>a n11cMeHa cMaTpa ce ,n;a je p;ocTaBJbaH>e 113BprneHo.
Kao llITO CMO paHHje ttarroMeHyn11, nHCMeHa ce p;ocTaBJbajy Henocpep;­
HOM rrpep;ajoM 1i1 ypyqyjy ce y 3aTBopeHOM OMOTY, ,D;OK ce n11cMeHO Koje ce
HCTlil'Ie Ha omacHoj Ta6n11 cy,n;a 11JIJ1 Ha HHTepHeT cTpaH11u;11 He sarnapa
y rroce6aH OMOT. CBpxa ypyq11BaH>a saTBopeHor nHcMeHa jecTe oqyaaH>e
rrpMBaTHOCT1i1 JI!i1u;a KojeM je nJ1CMeHO yrryheHO. J1fayseTaK ce rrpaBJ.1 KO,D;
wcTwu;aH>a Ha ornacHoj Ta6JIJ1 J1JIJ1 HHTepHeT cTpaH11u;11 jep 611 y TOM cny­
qajy p;ocTaBJbaH>e J1sry611no CMJ1Cao, ,D;OK J1CTl1I.J;aH>e y 3aTBopeHOM OMOTY
rrpeKO J1HTepHeT CTpaH11u;e H11je HM Moryhe.178
IlpHJIJ1KOM ypyqeH>a Ill1CMeHa, np11Manau; 11 ,D;OCTaBJbat{ n0Tn11cyjy no­
T PAY o J13BprneHOM p;ocTaBJbaH>y, ,n;ocTaBHHI.J;Y J1JIJ.1 noBpaTHJ.1I.J;y. IlpJ.1Ma­
B
rrau; he Ha noTBp.n;H Ha3HatIJ.1TJ.1 ,n;aH np11jeMa. AKO je npJ.1Manau; HenJ.1CMeH
J,IJIJ,1 HJ1je y CTaH>Y ,n;a nOTilJ.1llie IlOTBpp;y, ,D;OCTaBJbatI he TO sa6eJie)KJ.1TJ1 Ha
II0TBpp;!i1 J.1 Ha3HatIJ.1TJ.1 ,o;aH rrpe,n;aje J1 TJ1Me ce .D;OCTaBJbaH>e CMaTpa J13Bp­
weHJ.1M. IlpJ.1Manau; MO)Ke J.1 p;a op;61,1je .n;a noTnJ.1rne IIOTBpp;y O 113BprneHOM
.n;ocTaBJbaH>Y, o tieMy he p;ocTaaJbatI HanpaBJ.1TJ1 sa6enernKy Ha noTBp,n;11 11
tta3HatIJ.1T11 ,n;aH npe,n;aje. Ilornp,n;y o rrp11jeMy nHcMeHa ,n;ocTaBJbeHor ny-
178 TiocTOj111 jow je):laH cnyqaj Ka):la ce m1cMeHo He MOpa ypyq111rn y 3aTeopeHOM OMoTy, a
0/IHOCIII ce Ha ):IOCTaen,a11,e ITJIICMeHa Henocpe):IHO y opraHy nocTynKa (npe.r1 jaBHIIIM TY)l(HOl..leM Hnlll
cy,110M). l1n111h, r. TI. et al. (2013). Opus citatum, CTp. 537.
 Kp11B11'-rnorrpou;ectte paAtt,e 135

T}')I<CHH OCJI060AJ1 OIITy)K6e J1llJ1 p;a ce OIITy)K6a op;fo.1je, J1 OCTaO y Ma.I-bJ1HJ1.

OBaj qnaH Belia HHje o6aBe3aH p;a rnaca o Kp11B11qHoj caHKu;11j11, a ysehe ce
,[.\a je rrpHCTao Ha mac KOjH je 3a OKpHBJbCHOr HajrrOB07bHl1jl1. YKOllJ1KO ce
npHllHKOM rnacalha rnacoBJ1 rrop;ene Ha BJ1IIIe pa3]lJ1qJ1TJ1X MJ11lllbelba, TaKo
Aa HHjep;aH op; lbJ1X HeMa Beh11Hy, IIJ1Talba he ce pasp;Boj11TJ1 11 rnacalbe he
ce IlOHaBlban-1 )];OK ce He IIOCTMrHe BCI1J1Ha. AKO ce aetrnHa Ha OBaj HaqJ1H
He 06es6ep;J1, op;JIYI<a he ce p;oHeTJ1 TaKo lllTO he ce rnacoa11 Koj11 cy HajHe­
noBOlbHHjJ1 sa OKpl1B7bCHOr np11p;op;aTJ1 rnacOBMMa KOjl1 cy op; OBJ1X Malbe
Hen0B07bHJ1, CBC )];OK ce He IIOCTJ1fHe IIOTpe6Ha BCilJ1Ha.
Jep;Ha op; oco6eHOCTJ1 HOBOr 3aKOHHKa O Kpl1BJ1qHOM IIOCTynKy jecTe
rrponnrnaatt,e 11sp;aojeHor M.lt1llllbelba. I1paao ,u;a J13,D;Boj.1t1 Ml1llllbelbe 11 ,u;a
ra rrwcMeHo 06pasno)K.1t1 HMa cy,u;11ja BpxoBHor Kacau;110Hor cy,u;a, Koj11 Ha
ceAH.1t1u;11 Bena rrp11n11KOM rnacatt,a ocTaHe y Matt,J1H.1t1 y ae311 ca rr11TalbeM
o nocrojatt,y rroBpe,u;e saKoHa. Cy,u;.1t1ja je ,u;y)KaH ,u;a n.1t1cMeHo 06pa3naralbe
J13,[.\BojeHor MJ11lllbCH,a ycMeHO HajaB.lt1 Ha ce,u;HJ11J;J1 Belia HaKOH ,lJ;OHOlllClba
OAllYKe .1t1 MO)Ke saxreBaTJ1 ,u;a ce TO MJ11lllbelbe 06jaBJ1 saje,u;Ho ca o,u;ny­
KOM. TaKot)e, cy,u;.1t1ja je ,u;y)KaH ,u;a y poKy o,u; 15 ,u;aHa o,u; ,u;aHa ,u;oHolllett,a
O,[.\JlYKe rrpe,u;ce,u;H.1t1Ky Belia ,u;ocTaBJ1 IIJ1CMeHO o6pa3JlO)Kelbe J13,D;BOjeHor
MHIIIJbeH,a. YKOllJ1KO TO He yq11HJ1, o,u;nyKa ce OTrrpeMa, a HaKHa,u;Ho ,u;o­
CTaBJbeH0 11s,u;BojeHo MJ1llllbelbe rrp11na)Ke ce cy,u;cKoM rrpe,u;MeTy J1 qJ1HJ1
lberoB cacraBH.1t1 ,u;eo.
CaonutmaaaHJe cyocKux oonyKa je yrrosHaBalhe n11u;a Koja 3a TO J1Majy
npaBHJ1 J1Hrepec ca ca,u;p)KJ1HOM cy,u;cKe o,u;nyKe. Kpyr n11_u;a Koj11 Tpe6a
Aa 6yP;e yno3HaT ca ca,u;p)KajeM cy,u;cKe o,u;nYKe je pasn11qJ1T 11 saa11c11, rrpe
cBera, o,u; Bpcre cy,u;cKe o,u;nyKe J1 cap;p)KJ1He K0HKpeTHe o,u;nyKe. Ha'IJ1H ca­
onIIITaBal-ba cy,u;cKJ1X o,u;nYKa saJ1HTepecoaaHJ1M JIJ1IJ;J1Ma saa11c11 o,u; Tora
Aa JIH cy Ta nwu;a rrp.1t1cyTHa J1llJ1 He. YKon11Ko cy sa11HTepecoaaHa n11u;a
npncyrna, o,u;nyKa ce caorrlllTaBa ycMeHJ1M 06jaBJbJ1BalbeM, a aKo cy n11u;a
OACYTHa, caorrlllTaBatt,e o,u;nYKe ce Bplll11 p;ocraBJbalbeM oaepeHor rrperm­
ca 0AJiyKe. Ka,u;a ce o,u;nyKa ycMeHo caorrlllTJ1, opraH Koj11 je caorrnITaBaH>e
)"IHHHO, Ha3Haq11ne TO y 3aIIJ1CHJ1KY l1llJ1 Ha CIIMCY, a lll1IJ;e KOMe je ca­
OillIITClbe yq11H>eHo, IIOTBp,u;11he TO CBOjl1M IIOTIIMC0M. I1oce6Ho je ypet)e­
H0 rrnTatt,e ,u;ocraaJbaH>a rrperr11ca o,u;nyKa rrpoTJ1B Koj11x je ,u;o3B07beHa
)KaJI6a. ITperr11c o,u;nYKe y OBJ1M c11Tyau;11jaMa Mopa ,u;a ca,u;p)KJ1 J1 IIOYKY o
rrpaBy Ha )Kan6y. )Kan6a l13jaB7beHa y Kop11cT 0KpJ1BlbeHor cMarpahe ce
6naroBpeMeHOM aKo je J13jaalbeHa y poKy HaBe,u;eHOM y rroyu;11, 11aKo je Taj
poK p;y)KH o,u; 3aKOHCKOr p oKa.
IIucMeHa U3paoa cyOCKUX OOllyKa je aKTJ1BHOCT KOja Ce rrpep;y3J1Ma Ha­
KOH nspwu;alba J1 caorrlllTaBaH>a cy,u;CKe o,u;nyKe. I111cMeHa 11spap;a je He­
orrxop;Ha jep je ayTeHTJ1qaH ,u;oKa3 o rrocTOjaH>y cy,u;CKe o,u;JIYI<e 11 o H>e-
:Ho npaBo Kpnswrnn nocTynaK 147

KOjM cy y Be3J1 cryrraK M HCTpary HenoTpe6Ha J1 p;a tteMa MHOro onpaBp;aH>a. HaMMe, oBa
:l. 189 l1cTO TaKO, rrop;ena MMa CMJ1Clla y 3Kfl/2001 rp;e je 3aCTYIIJbeH cyp;cKJ1 KOHu;errT J,IC­
oca HeOilXOAHO rpare jep ce Ha Taj Ha'IMH jacHo op;aajajy npeTKpMBM'IHH nocTyrraK - KojM
� M ocyMH>J1'Ie- rrpep;cTaBJba Hecyp;CKy p;enaTHOCT, O)J;HOCHO p;enaTHOCT jaBHOf TY)KJ101\a
1Majy npol.\eCHe H II07IJ1IJ;Mje, J1 l1CTpara - Kojy BO)J;J1 MCTpa)KHJ,f cyp;Mja Kao <pyttKIJ;MOHall­
Mja KpHBJ1'-IHOr HO Hap;Jie)KaH y cyp;y 3a Bol)eH>e OBe cpa3e nocTynKa. Mel)yTMM, y TY)KJ1-
HM noCTyrraK y rra':IKo-rronJ1u;MjcKOM KOHI.\eIITY J1CTpare KaKaB yaop;M HOBJ1 3Kfl, rrpeAJ1-
J,f OKOH'iaBa ce CTpa)l(HJ1 nocTynaK J1 HCTpara npep;CTaBJbajy p;enaTHOCT jaBHOf TY)KHOI.\a
BH'IHOr 3aKOHa M rronMu;Mje J1 Ha Taj Ha'IHH o6e cpa3e HMajy 11cTy npaaHy rrpMpop;y na ca­
·aBHO, noqeTKY MWM TMM HeMa HJ1KaKBe noTpe6e p;a ce Ha oaaj Ha'IJ1H pa3p;Bajajy, Op;HOCHO
�yje p;a rrocToje Ha Ha'IMH KaKaB TIOCTOjM y cyp;cKOM KOHu;enTy J1CTpare.
,[(aJbe, jorn jeAaH y HM3Y pa3nora KOjJ1 fOBOpH y npHlIOf TOMe Aa ce J1C­
petrn Aa OBaKO rpara KOHI.\J1TIJ1paHa Ha OBaj Ha'IJ1H He MO)Ke CMaTpaTJ1 AeJIOM KpHBJ1'IHOr
JiaQ y capaAH>l1 IIOCTynKa, OflleAa ce y TOMe p;a je OCHOBHJ1 MaTepHjaJIHJ1 yrnoB 3a aol)eH>e
'y)l{eM CMJ1CJiy. rrpep;MCTpa)KHOf IIOCTyrrKa J.1 MCTpare TIOTIIYHO MCTM. HaMMe, npep;M­
oju MoryhHOCT crpa)KHJ,f nocTyrraK ce npeAy3HMa KaAa nocToje ocHOBH cyMH>e Aa je M3-
cyp;CKe OAJIYKe aprneHo KpMBM'IHO AeJIO, a MCTpara ce MO)Ke TIOKpeHyTH npOTJ1B op;pel)e­
porrMcaHHX yc­ HOr lIMu;a 3a KOje TIOCTOje OCHOBJ1 cyMH>e p;a je J'il1HJ1710 Kpl1BJ1'IHO AeJIO,
t3M AO q>OpM11- anH J1 npOTMB HeTI03HaTOf J'IHHMOI.\a KaAa TIOCTOje OCHOBJ1 cyMH>e p;a je
yp;a, Tj. p;ona311 y•mtt,eHO KpMBM'IHO AeJIO . ,UaKJie, OMoryhaaa ce Aa ce MCTpara BO)J;J1 Ha
OCJMH>M'IeHor. HCTOM CTerreHy cyMH>e Kao J1 rrpeAMCTpa)KHJ1 nocTynaK, J1 TO KaKO rrpOTMB
KpMBM'IHM IIO­ 1103HaTOr J'!MHMOI.\a TaKo J1 rrpOTJ1B Hen03HaTor J'il1HMOI.\a. JeAMHO llITO
:::Ky p;enaTHOCT pa37IMKyje npep;HCTpa)KHJ1 IlOCTyrraK J.1 J1CTpary jecTe jep;aH cpopMaJIHJ1
rrpou;eCHor OA­ eneMeHaT, a TO je Hapep;6a jaaHor TJ)I<Hou;a o noKpeTaH>Y HCTpare. CaMa
or rrocTyrrKa y Hapep;6a jaBHOr TY)KJ.101\a O noKpeTaH>Y J1CTpare HeMa HJ1KaKaB cyrnTHH­
CKJ,f 3Ha'Iaj jep He crnapa HHKaKBY pa3JIMKY y nornep;y npaatte npHpop;e
lja MOrynHOCT y op;Hocy npeMa npeAHCTpa)KHOM IlOCTYTIKY jep je BOAe J.1CTM opraHM, Tj.
OCTOje OCHOBJ1 TY)l<J1Jiau; J1 Il071J11\Mja, a J1 MaTepHjaJIHJ.1 ycJIOB je J1CTJ1, Tj. CTeneH OCHO­
A.Ko TY)KMJial.\ Ba cyMH>e. 193 TaKol)e, TepMHH ocyMH>M'IeHH ce yrroTpe6JbaBa 11 3a JIHI.\e y
,peHe MCTpary rrpep;McTpa)KHOM nocTyrrKy J.1 3a JIMu;e npoTJ.1B Kojer ce BOAJ.1 11cTpara, J.1
p;a nopeA cyAa y o6e cpa3e nocTyrrKa OCJMH>M'IeHM MMa HCTa npaaa na caMHM THM oaa
-IKQMjy op;6pa- rrop;ena Ha npeAHCTpa)KHJ.1 noCTyrraK H HCTpary A06Hja jorn MaH>e Ha 3Ha­
':lajy. <DaKTJ1'IKJ.1, YKOJIJ.1KO 6M ce npmrnaTMJIO OBaKBO 3aKOHCKO OApel)eH>e,
M OBaKBOr 3a- rrpep;J.1cTpa)KHJ,1 IlOCTynaK J.1 KpHBJ.1'IHH IIOCTyrraK (HcTpara) 6H ce BOAJ.1-
1CTpa)KHJ1 no- /IJ1 Ha J.1CTOM CTeneHy CJMH>e llITO CBaKaKo HMje npmrnaTJbJ.1B0 perneH>e.
MeljyTMM, yrrpKOC CBeMy TOMe, 3aKOHOAaBau; CMaTpa Aa je MOMeHaT AOHO­
rnett,a ttapep;6e o cnpoaol)eH>y MCTpare MOMeHaT OTTIO'IMH>aH>a KpHBH'IHor
ITOCTynKa y npaaoM CMHCJIY Te pe'IH.
la y TipeAHal\pTy
)HO npaoo, son. 48,

�p31-1TeTa YHJ,tOH 1,1 193 BowKos1,1n, A. (2012). TTojaM KpttBM•rnor noc-rynKa npeMa HOSOM 3KII Peny6n"1Ke Cp61,1je
113 2011. rOA11He, Kynmypa nonuca, son. 9, 6p. 2 (noce6Ho 113Aa!be), Hos1,1 CaA, c-rp. 266.
3U'-11-LO npou,erno npaao
)KaBHOj CBOjl-1Hl-1 l-1 KOja cy
rn Koje o6aBJbajy v1 y <rnjeM
(Hnp.6onttv1:u;e,YHv1Bep3v1-
anHy 06aae3y 3a Haae,n;eHe
oja ce roHe no cny)K6eHoj
lhl1X ca3Hana Ha HeKM ,n;py­
:r HMje 6e3 orpaH11tieH>a. Y
rnwrno ,n;eno Herrp11jaBJbM­
cny)K6etto 11n11 o,n;roaoptto
rno Aeno 3a Koje je ca3Hano
no saKOHY MO)Ke 113petm 5
mc n11:u;a, <fiaKynmamuB­
a rpal)aHe He nocTOjM J.13-
'1:BJ1'IHOr ,n;ena, an11 rpe6a
y o;a;pel)eHMM cnyqajea11-
t o;a;r0Bapajyh11x o,n;pe,n;6v1
HO ;a;eno ttenpv1jaBJbJ1BaH>e
> 3Ha ;a;a ce np:ttnpeMa J.13-
MO)Ke v13peh11 Ka3Ha o,n; 5
KaAa je jorn 611no Moryhe
a;eno 6y;a;e noKyrnaHo v1nv1
p11jaBJI>J1BaH>e Kp11BJ1'IHOr
a Kp11BJ1'IHor ,n;ena 3a Koje
10 ;a;o 40 ro;a;11tta, 11nv1 aKo
1pv1jaav1 npe Hero rnro cy
IU1KOM rro,n;HOllleH>a Kpl-1-
,e Kp11BH'IHO o,n;roaaparv1
KpMBJ1'IHO p;eno na)KHOr
�Ho nv1:u;e ;a;a je YtJHH11na:u;
<HOCTM,a 3Ha ;a;a TO n11:u;e
Ba KpMBl1'IHOr ;a;ena 11nv1
nocryrrKa 36or Kp11B11'1-
TH nporHB nH:u;a 3a Koje
npJ1jaBJ1 ;a;a je yq11H>eHo
. )KHOCTl-1 11aKO 3Ha ;a;a TO
l1HMnaQ Kp11BJ1'IHOf ,n;ena
1a ;a;a ra H11je yq11ttHno.
Tiperxo.n;m1 nocryrraK 167
Ilope,n; oae rro,n;ene Ha o6aae3HY H cpaKynrarHBHY Kpl1Bl1'IHY np11jaay,
ca acneKra rrop;HocJ1O:u;a, Kp11a11tIHa npHjaaa MO)Ke 6HrH opyiumBeHa H
JIU1-tHa. y npBOM cnyqajy Kpl1BH'IHY npHjaay TIO,ll;HOCJ1 ,n;p)KaBHJ1 opraH J1
Apyra nperxo,n;Ho Haae,n;eHa npaaHa nH:u;a,a y ;a;pyroM cnyqajy rpa1)aHJ1H. 227
Ha OBOM Mecry je Ba)I<HO yKa3aTH Ha ro ;a;a 3aKOHHK npon11cyje 06aae3y
3a cae ;a;p)KaBHe opraHe l1 ,n;pyra npaBHa nH:u;a ,n;a y Kp11Bl1'IHOj npHjaBH
HaBe,n;y ,n;oKa3e KOj.l-1 cy HM no3HaTl1 l1 ,n;a npe,n;y3MY Mepe ,n;a 6J1 caqyaanJ1
rparoae Kp11awrnor ,n;ena,Kao H npe,n;Mere Ha KojHMa je HnH noMohy KOjl1x
je YtJl1lbeHO KpHBJ1'IHO ,n;eno, H ;a;pyre ,n;oKa3e ('In. 280, CT. 3). Ha OCHOBY
oBora ce MO)l(e 3aKJbyq11r11 ;a;a cy re rrp.Hjaae y o,n;Hocy Ha npHjaae rpal)a­
Ha nornYHHje, ca,n;p)Kajm1je l1 KBanHTeTHHje, rnro je op; aeher 3Ha'Iaja 3a
AaJI>l-1 TOK nocryrrKa, o,n;HOCHO rrocrynaH>e jaBHor ry)KHo:u;a J1 nom11:u;J1je.
KpHBl1tIHa npHjaaa ce no,n;HOCJ1 Ha,n;ne)KHOM jaBHOM ry)KJ1O:u;y J1 ro
nv1cMeHHM J1nJ1 ycMeHHM nyreM,anl-1 je ro Moryhe YtJl1Hl1Tl1 l1 nyreM eneK­
rpoHcKe nornre. IIucMeHa npHjaaa MO)Ke 6J1TJ1 norrrJ1caHa, MO)Ke 611rJ1
6e3 rrorn11ca I-rnM TIOTTIHCaHa HeKJ1M rrcey,n;OHJ1MOM, rra ce no TOM OCHOBY
pasnHKyjy aHOHMMHe :w ncey,n;oHHMHe nJ1cMeHe np:wjaae. C ,n;pyre crpaHe,
Ka,n;a ce Kpl1Bl1'1Ha npHjaaa no;a;ttoc:w ycMeHo, nocrojl1 o6aae3a cny)K6eHor
nv1:u;a y ;a;p)KaBHOM opraHy ,n;a np11jaaJ1O:u;a yrro3Ha o nocne,n;H:u;aMa na)K­
Hor np:wjaBJbJ1BaH>a, ;a;a cacraa11 3anucHUK o npujeMy Kpuau-ime npujaae,
a aKO ce Kpl1BJ1'1Ha np:wjaaa TIO,ll;HOCl1 renecpOHCKl1M nyreM l-1nl1 ;a;pyrHM
reneKOMYffl1Ka:u;v1jcKJ1M cpe,n;crBOM, ,n;y)KHO je catIJ1HJ1Tl1 rnyJ1C6eHy 6eneiu­
Ky. C 063:wpoM Ha l1HTeH3l1BaH pa3aoj vrncpopMa:u;HOHl1X reXHonornja 11
'IMlbeHH:U:Y ,n;a je KOMYffJ1Ka:u;J1ja rryreM uMejna cae BJ1rne 3acrynJbeHa Kao
je,n;aH o,n; 06nJ1Ka KOMYffl1:U:l1paH>a Mel)y JI>y,n;J1Ma, 3KII noce6Ho Haao,n;11 ,n;a
aKo je rrpHjaaa no,n;tteceHa eneKmpoHCKOM noiumoM,Heonxo,n;Ho je ,n;a ce o,n;
crpaHe oanarnheHor nH:u;a caqyaa Ha o,n;roaapajyheM Hoc11O:u;y no,n;araKa 11
;a;a ce o,n;rnraMna.
Ilope,n; nocrojafua o6aBe3e ,n;a ce Kpl1Bl1tIHa npHjaaa no,n;HocJ1 Ha,n;ne)K­
HOM jaBHOM ry)K_r,10:u;y,,ll;O3BOJbeHa je MoryhHOCT ,n;a ce Kpl1BJ1'1Ha npHjaBa
IIOAHOCJ1 nonl1:u;Hjl1,HeHa,n;ne)KHOM jaBHOM TY)Kl10QY l1nl1 cy,n;y. Y TaKBJ1M
cnyqajeBJ1Ma OBH opraH11 cy ,n;y)KHJ1 ,n;a rrpHMe Kpl1Bl1'IHY rrpMjaay J1 ,n;a je
o,n;Max npocne,n;e Ha,n;ne)KHOM jaBHOM ry)KJ1O:u;y.
Ilornro je nom1:u;Hja ocHOBHl-1 opraH orKp11BaH>a KpJ1BJ1'IHJ1X ,n;ena Koja
ce rotte no cny)K6eHoj ,n;y)l(Hocn1,norntIHO je 3a rrperrrocraBJ1TJ1 ,n;a raj op­
raH l1 no,n;HOCJ-1 HajaehH 6poj Kpl1Bl1'1Hl1X npHjaaa,ttapotIHTO Ka,n;a ce pa,n;J1
o Te)KJ1M Kpl1Bl1'1Hl1M ,n;enJ1Ma. IIpeMa pe3ynraTJ1Ma je,n;Hor eMrrl1pl1jCKor
I1crpa)KJ1BaH>a, nonJ1QJ1ja ce jaalba Kao opraH Kojl1 rro,n;ttocJ1 anconyrtto
ttajael'111 6poj Kpl1BH'IHl1X npMjaBa, rj. y 96,3% cnyqajeaa ce nojaalbyje
227 6ejaTOBHh, C. (2003). Opus citatum, cTp. 440.
·cHo npaao Ilperxop;HJ.1 rrocrynaK 187
p;oKasHe pa,n;lbe rrpocropy J1JIJ1 o6jeKTY, llITO je rroce6Ho 3HatJajHa rrpeBeHTJ1BHa Mepa Kap;a
e ,D;OllJ1 J1 ,n;o OT­ ce ra 0Kyrr1Mlba Bprne pap;J1 tJJ1lbefua KpHBJ1tJHJ1X p;erra.
caHa rroTpara. OBy pap;tt,y rpe6a 11syserHo rrpaKTHKOBarn: jep cy lbeHOM pea,rnsa-
1.v,1:joM o6yxaaheHJ1 H OHJ1 li:ICIIpaBHH J1 IIOIIITeHH rpal)aHH KOjl1 cy ce y
Topy TOM rpeHyTKy sareKrr11 Ha J1CTOM rrpocropy KOjH je o6yxa aheH orpaHJ1-
'leHJ1M KperafueM. J1aKo ce crrpoaol)elbeM oBe pap;tt,e p;o611jajy 11HcpopMa­
;:1a p;a, sa Heon­ l.\Hje orreparHBHOr KapaKrepa, fueH KpHMHHalIJ1CTHtJKJ1 3HatJaj ce orrrep;a
.HOM rrpoCTopy y TOMe llITO ce TOKOM fueHor crrpoBol)elba Mory OTKPHTH YtJHHHITau; KpH­
Y'H1HJ.10D;a Kpli:1- BH'IH0f p;erra J1 creh.11 ycrroBM sa rrpe,n;ys11Malbe ,n;oKa3HJ1X pa,n;tt,11 Kao rnro
y mm rro6erHy, cy, ttajtJellihe, rrpHapeMeHo o,n;ysJ1Malbe rrpe,n;Mera J1 rrperpecafue, a MO)Ke
ia J1 rrpep;Men-1 ce .n;ohH H p;o H0BJ1X orreparMBHHX J1H<popMau;J1ja o,n; sHatJaja sa paCBerlba­
rne111Telba Koja BaI-be KpHBJ1lJHJ1X ,n;erra.
Hor II0CTyrrKa.
11 Ha op;pe,n;6y
-1,e He MO)Ke ,n;a 6. YTBpl)HBalbe HCTOBeTHOCTH JIHn;a H npeAMeTa
elbe p;y)Ke o,n; 8 OBy pa,n;lby rrorrHu;Hja rrpep;ysHMa Ka,n;a je rrorpe6Ho l13Bp1IIHTJ1 J1,n;eH­
·H BJ1I1Ie He rro­ r11<pJ.1Kau;J1jy rrHu;a J1 npe,n;MeTa KojH cy y Be3J1 ca KpJ1BJ1tJHJ.1M ,n;erroM, Mel)y
lY BpeMeHcKor Koj11Ma je HajsHatJajHHja J1,D;eHTJ1<pJ1Kau;11ja YtJHHMrrau;a KpJ1BJ1tJHJ1x ,n;ena 11
tta op;pel)eHoM rrpep;Mera KOjJ.1 ce rrojaalbyjy Kao cpe,n;cTBo J13Bprnelba KpHBwrnor ,n;erra
a orpaHJ1tJelbe HJIH KOjJ1 cy rrpH6aBlbeHJ1 J13BprneHJ.1M KpJ.1BJ1lJHJ.1M ,n;erroM.
)];a 611 ce je,n;Ho rrHu;e Mp;eHTJ1<pJ1KOBarro, Heonxo,n;Ho je rroBe3aT11 lberoBa
)CTopy, IIOJili:1- rrpaBHa, cpaKTHtJKa J.1 cp11s11tJKa o6erre)Kja. Mel)yrHM, y rrpaKTHtJHOM pa,n;y
IT0 cy sace,n;a, rron11u;11je perKo ce ,n;ernaBa ,n;a ce o,n;Max y op;pel)ettoj cJ.1ryau;J.1jJ.1 Mory op;­
, 6noKap;a ca­ pe.n;11r11 cBa HaBe,n;etta o6erre)Kja, Bence ttajtJernhe Ha ocHoBy je,n;HMX ,n;orra-
l orpaHJ1tJelba 311 J1 p;o p;pyrMX o6erre)Kja. 247
ton11u;J1ja Haj­
>l)elba p;pyn1x Y cKrra,n;y ca o,n;pe,n;6aMa HOBor 3KII, 0Ba norpa)KHa pa,n;fua je npe,n;BJ.11)e­
YBJ11)aj, rrpe- Ha 'Ill. 286, cr. 2, Kao 11 cBe ,n;pyre rrorpa)KHe pa,n;fue. KoHKpertto, nporrJ1ca­
! yna3HJ1X rry­ H0 je p;a je norr11u;11ja OBrrarnheHa ,n;a rrpe,n;ysMe cBe rrorpe6He Mepe y D;HlbY
·paHJ1t1aaa p;a yTBp1)1,rnatt,a J1CTOBeTHOCTJ1 JIJ1u;a l1 rrpe,n;Mera. Ty ce, rrpe caera, MJ1CJI11 Ha
l ce rrpHcTyrr npoBepy uoe1-tmumema JZu4a248 JBM,D;OM y ,ni:t:rny KapTy, B03atJKY p;osBony,
247 l1paaHa 06e11e:J1Cja ttacrnjy Ha ocHoay 3aKOHCKKX npomica .,,_ Mory ce MetbaTM. neranHM.M
rryTeM TOKOM '-IM.TaBor )l(HBOTa (ttnp. M.Me M npe3HMe, npe6M.aanm11Te, 6opaBHllJTe, AP)l(aB/baHCTBO).
eHa cny)K6e­ <PaKmu'-IKa 06e11e:J1Cja jecy o6ene)l(ja Koja ce cm'{)' pol)e1--1,eM, Kao lllTO cy .z:1att, MeCel.\ M. ro.z:111tta pol)e1--1,a,
,llll1TJ1 J13He­ MeCTO pol)e1--1,a, MaTM.'-IHl1 6poj M Ha oaa o6ene)l(ja ce 3aKOHCKHM nyTeM He MO)l(e YTl11.\aTM., OAHOCHO He
Mory ce nera ntto Me1--1,an1. <PuJU'-IKa 06e11e:>Kja cy KapaKTepM.CTM.'-!Ha 3a CBaKO llML\e M. aeoMa cy 3Ha'-lajtta
)0CT0py J1Jlli:I 3a HAettrncp11KaL1M.jy. HeKa cj>M.311'-!Ka o6eJie)l(ja cy HenpOMe1--1,11aa, Tj. npaeHcTBeHo cy M.HAHB11/:(yantta,
beHo rrpep;y­ Kao lllTO cy nanM.naptte nmrnje .,,_ 6oja O'-IM.jy, AOK cy tteKa APYTa o6ene)l(ja npoMett,HBa, Kao Hnp.
r Kp11BJ1lJHOr nJ1'-IHM. OITHC (crnpett,eM, nnaCTJ1'-IHOM onepal.lM.jOM), na M. non. MaKCM.MOBJ1O, P., To.z:1opHh, Y. (1995).
KpuMuHa11ucmuKa - mexHuKa, Ilonttl.\HjcKa aKaAeMM.ja, £eorpaA, cTp. 84.
e 11 crrpetJJ1- 248 Y cKnaAy ca o.n;pe.n;6aMa '-In. 42 3aKOHa o nonM.l.lM.jH npoaepa w.n;ettTHTeTa npKMeHKhe ce
. o.n;pel)eHOM npeMa nKL1y: Koje Tpe6a yxaaTHTH, .n;oaecn1, 3a .z:1p)l(aTw wm1 ynyTKTK tta.z:1ne)l(HOM Ap)l(aBHOM
opratty; o.n; Kojer npeTH onacttocT Koja 3axTeaa nomtl.\KjcKo nocTyna1--1,e; tta.n; KojttM ce o6aa/ba
nperne.z:1 ttn11 npeTpeca1--1,e 11ntt ce npe,11,y31-1Majy APYTe 3aKOHOM npon1-1catte Mepe 11 pa.z:11be; Kojtt
ce 3aTeKtte y TytJeM cTatty, o6jeKTY w y APYTM.M npocrnp1-1jaMa 1-11111 y npeBO3HOM cpeACTBY Koje
ce nperne.z:1a 11 npeTpeca, aKo je npoaepa 11.z:1ettT11TeTa noTpe6tta; Koje ce 3aTeKHe y npocTopy
HO npaBO ITpeTXOAHH nocTynaK 189

Jaq>MjOM. OB,n;e UITOBalbe npou;ecHJ1X o,n;pe;a;611, OHp;a TO rrpep;CTaBJba AOKa3 y 0p;Hocy Ha TY

?yro Jmu;e q:r,rj11 l{l1H,eH11u;y J1 Kao TaKaB ce K0pJ1CTH Y KpJ1BJ1t{H0M rrocryrrKy. 250
'fKpeTHe Cl•'ITy­ Yrap1)11aaH>e 11croaeTHOCTJ1 n11u;a J1 rrpe;a;Mera rrpeaacxo;a;Ho ce rrp11-
! npe rrpoBepe MeH,yje y npeg11crpa>KHOM rrocryrrKy J1 J1cTpasJ1, J1 pa;a;11 ce o TaKBJ1M aK­
ra, a 3aTMM he THBHOCTJ1Ma non11u;11je Koje cy ycMepeHe Ha 0TKpJ1BaH>e KpJ1BJ1qHJ1X ;a;ena
OM jaBHOM MC­ l1 yqJ1HJ1nau;a, rj. Ha yTBp1)1rnaH>e 11n11 rroTBp;a;y 11;a;eHTHTeTa mu.1;a J1 11;a;eH­
KaKO 6J1 crrpe­ rmpwKau;11jy rrpep;Mera. CaMHM TJ1M, re pa;a;H>e HMajy orrepaTJ1BHJ1 sHaqaj
poaepaaa. 3a nocrynaH>e oanarnlieHJ1X rrom1u;11jcKJ1X cny>K6eHJ1Ka. Mel)yr11M, JKOnJ1-
nneT nMu;a Ha KO ce pa;a;11 o q>opeHsJ1qKoj perncrpau;11j11 ocyMH,J1qeHor n11u;a, o;a;HocHo
�UBa1vy 1t1e20- aKo cy yser11 or11cu;11 rrarr11napH11x nJ1HJ1ja, ;a;enoaa rena J1 6yKanHJ1 6p11c
HO cnpoBecmu OA owreheHor 11n11 ,n;pyror nm.1;a sare'-leHor Ha Mecry Kp11a11qHor ;a;ena J1JIJ1
bJ1qeHa ,n;a cy je jaBH0 o6jaaJbeHa q>0Torpaq)J,1ja ocyMH,J1qeHor, y CKJiagy ca o;a;peg6aMa
W>KHOCTJ1, sa 3KII Koje peryn11rny p;oKasHy pa;a;lny ys11MaH>e ysopaKa, caaKaKo ;a;a 6J1 ce
l1nJ1 IIOCTOjH TH pesymaTJ1 M0rJIJ1 K0pl1CTJ1TJ1 Kao ;a;oKa3 y Kpl1BJ1'-IHOM IIOCTyrrKy.
;oaaHe nJ1qHe Hajsa;a;, rrope;a; yTBp1)11aaH>a 11croaerHocr11 nm_i;a rron11u;11ja je oanantli.e­
craTaKa Httcy Ha ga BplllJ1 J1 YTBPQJ1Balbe J1CT0BeTH0CTJ1 rrpe;a;MeTa, J1 TO Kap;a je y II0-
1,qeHTJ1q>MKa­ crynKy norpe6Ho ;a;a ce rrpoaepe 11 yTBp;a;e o6ene>Kja 11 caojcTBa npep;Mera,
,y HeII03HaTJ1 Kao 11 o;a;Hoc J13Met)y n11u;a J1JIJ1 ;a;oral)aja J1 rrpe;a;Mera. OHO rnro je 611THO
ajytm sa:x:Tea Ha3Haq11r11 jecre ;a;a ce yrap1)11BalneM 11croaerHocr11 rrpe,n;Mera, nocpep;Ho
J1JIJ1 ttenocpep;Ho, MO>Ke 11;a;eHTJ1q>J1Koaar11 11 yq11tt11nau; Kp11a11qHor ;a;ena.
IUU�J1jJ1 rrpo­ Yrapl)11Balbe J1CTOBeTHOCTJ1 JIJ1u;a J1 npep;Mera J1Ma BeOMa 3HaqajaH
no;a;araKa J13 AOnp11ttoc y rrocryrrKy pasjarnH>aBaH>a J1 p;0Kas11Balna Kp11a11qHJ1X ,n;ena,
M cpegcTaBa OAH0CH0 y oTKpJ1Balny yq11m10u;a J1 y o6es6e1)eH>y ;a;oKasa. Kp11M1,rnan11-
'OBapajyliJ1M CTJ1t{KJ1 3Haqaj OBe pap;lbe ce yrrpaao J1CIIOJbaBa y MorynHOCTJ1 OTKPJ1Balba
·a nonJ1u;11ja ocyMH>J1qeHor n11u;a 11 yq11tt11ou;a Kp11aJ1qHor ;a;ena sa Koj11M ce rpara, Kao
[ OTIJ1C n11u;a. J1 y npoHana>KeH>y MaTep11janH11x ;a;oKasa, Tj. rrpe;a;Mera Koj11 cy rrp116aaJbe­
cranHo pas­ HJ1 KpJ1BJ1'-IHJ1M ;a;enoM J1JIJ1 rrpOJ1CTeKJIJ1 J13BpllleH>eM KpJ1BJ1qHor ;a;ena J1
ce yrapl)yje cpegcTaaa 11saprnelba o;a;pel)eHJ1X Kp11a:J1qHJ1X ;a;ena.
BepJ1q>HKO-
l ce rrpHMe­ 7. Pacm1cu:Balbe noTpare sa 11u:u;u:Ma u: npeµ;MeTHMa
:roaeTH0CT
IOM, ys no- �enoKyrrHa rrorpa>KHa ;a;enaTHOCT ce o;a;pel)yje Kao c11cTeM orreparJ1B­
H0-TaKrJ1qKJ1X 11 TeXHJ1qKJ1X Mepa J1 pap;lbJ1 Koje Herrocpe;a;Ho npe;a;ys11-
pa 11,11eHT11TeTa Majy opraHJ1 yttyrparnlnJ1X rrocJioBa, no Hapea6u apyzux opzaHa unu caMo­
ao4e r11x 11ena, uHuu,ujamuBHO, y u;11Jby rrpoHaJia>Kelna o;a;pel)eHJ1X n11u;a J1 rrpe;a;MeTa Koj11
a1-1,eM 113a311aa
4Hl1T11 11lll1 ITO jecy mm Mory 611r11 y aes11 ca Kp11a11qHJ1M ;a;enoM, rrp11KyrrJbaH>a o6aaern­
:ry 113Bpwe1-1,a reH>a o lbJ1Ma, op;H0CH0, y u;11Jby rrorrryHor yTBpl)11aatt,a 11;a;eHTJ1TeTa nm.1;a
>CHl1X pa3nora
,ae,11aH 3axTeB w nerneaa, JK0JIJ1K0 ra H11je 611110 Moryhe yrap;a;11r11 Ha ;a;pyr11 HaqJ1H. 251
fM 11a ce no,q
11Q11.Ma T3KBH
o HeKo npaeo. 250 CHMOHOB11t1, B. (2004). KpuMUHQJlUCmUKa, TipaBHl1 <j>aKymeT, Kparyjeea1.1, CTp. 449-551.
251 )KapKOBl1n, M. (2010). Opus citatum, CTp. 221.
 flpeTXOAHH noCTynaK 191

Mo)Ke ce np11MeT11T11 p;a non11Q11ja nojep;11He BpcTe noTpara pacn11cyje

HaKOH J13BprneHor Kp11Bwrnor p;ena, p;oK nocToj11 MorytrnocT p;a ce nojep;11-
He noTpare pacn11rny 11 npe Hero IIITO je yTBpt)eHo nocTOjaH>e Kp11Bwrnor
Aena, O)J;HOCHO 3a BpeMe ));OK nOJil1Q11ja BO)J;l1 Kp11Ml1HaJil1CTl1'-lKY o6pap;y
y �HJbY yTBp1)11BaH>a nocTojaH>a Kp11Bl1'-lHOr p;eJia, O,ll;HOCHO OTKp11BaH>a
rnrnHOQa J1 o6e36e1)eH>a p;oKa3a. Y cBaKOM cnyqajy, noTpcDKHa p;enaTHOCT
OMorynaBa npoHaJia)KeH>e ocyMH>J1'-leHor, O)J;HOCHO yqt-1Hl1OQa Kpv1Bl1'-lHOf
Aena, Kao v1 npep;MeTa Koj11 cy y Be3v1 ca Kp11Bt-1'-lHt-1M p;enoM v1 Kojv1 Mory p;a
6yp;y v1 MaTepv1janHv1 ,n;oKa3l1.

8. Ilpemep; o6jeKaTa II npocTop11ja p;piKaBHJfX opraHa,

npep;y3ena, pa,n;lh11 11 p;pyr11x npaBHHX mui;a
Ilpernep; o6jeKaTa 11 npoCTop11ja p;p)KaBHl1X opraHa, npep;y3eha, pap;H>l1
H ApyrHX npaBHJ1X Jil1Qa je, Kao 11 CBe ocTaJie noTpcDKHe pap;H>e, npon11caH
OApep;6aMa '-lJI. 286, CT. 2 3KIT IIITO 3Ha'-ll1 p;a ce npep;y3t-1Ma Kap;a IIOCTOje
OCHOBl1 cyMH>e p;a je J13BprneHO Kpv1Bl1'-lHO p;eno 3a Koje ce fOHl1 no CJiy)K-
6eHoj p;y)KHOCTl1 KaKo 611 ce npoHarnao )"-IJ1Hl1JiaQ Kp11Bl1'-lHOr p;ena, p;a
ce yq11H11JiaQ v1nv1 cayqecH11K He caKp11je 11JI11 He no6erHe, p;a ce OTKp11jy
H o6es6ep;e TparoB11 Kpl1BH'-lHOr p;ena 11 npep;MeTJ.1 Kojv1 Mory norny)KJ1TJ1
Kao p;oKas, Kao v1 p;a 611 ce rrp11Kyrr11na CBa o6aBernTelba Koja 6n Morna
6J.1rn op; KOpHCTvt sa ycneIIIHO Bot)eH>e KpvtBvt'-lHOf nocTyrrKa.
0Ba pap;H>a, c ofo11poM Ha TO p;a ce cacTOjn y npernep;y o6jeKaTa 11 npo­
crop11ja p;p)KaBHl1X opraHa, npep;yseha, pap;H>l1 l1 p;pyrnx npaBHl1X Jil1Qa,
AOCTa je oceTJbMBa ca acneKTa caMOCTaJIHOCTl1 HaBep;eHl1X npaBHJ1X Jll1Qa,
na je Tpe6a npaKTMKOBaTJ.1 113y3eTHO, np11 '-leMy Tpe6a BO,ll;l1Tl1 paqyHa
p;a ce He noBpep;e npaBa TJ1X npaBHl1X JIMQa, H>J1XOB yrne,n; 11 ayTop11TeT.
l1Majyh11 y s11p;y Te crreQJ.1q:>J,f'-lHOCT11, 3aKoHop;aBaQ 11 npon11cyje p;a osy
pap;H>y noJI11Qv1ja npep;y311Ma y npv1cycTBY op;roBopHor JIH:Qa y npaBHOM
nmw q11j11 ce o6jeKTl1 11 npocTopH:je npernep;ajy. Y TOM cM11rny, op;rosop­
HO mtQe y npaBHOM Jll1QY jecTe q:>l1311'-lKO JIMQe KOMe cy noBepeHM op;pe1)e­
HJ1 TIOC7IOBl1 y rrpaBHOM Jll1QY, Kao l1 JI11Qe Koje je OBJiamheHO p;a nocTyrra
y J.1Me npaBHOr Jil1Qa. Op;rosopHo Jil1Qe Ha rrp11Mep MO)Ke 611T11 p;11peKTop,
rrocrrosot)a npep;yseTHH'-lKe pap;H>e, mecp cMeHe 11Tp;.
TaKot)e, Tpe6a Harnac11T11 p;a je peq o nperrrep;y o6jeKaTa 11 rrpocTOp11ja
Ap)KaBHl1X opraHa, a He np11saTHMX npep;yseha 11 pap;H>11. YK0JI11Ko 611 ce
pap;v1no o rrp11saTHOM npep;yseny, csaKaKo p;a 611 npeTxop;Ho Tpe6arro np11-
6aBH:Tv1 Hapep;6y cyp;a np11n11KOM qera 611 611no 11ssprneHo npeTpecaH>e
OBHX o6jeKaTa. Kap;a je y n11TaH>y npemep; sojHMX o6jeKaTa, np11cyTHa cy
op;pet)eHa op;CTyrraH>a, 6yp;yh11 p;a he ce npernep; y sojHoj srpap;11 cnpose­
CTl1 no op;o6peH>y Ha,n;Jie)l(Hor sojHor cTapernHHe.
202 AneKcattJJ;ap BowKOB11n, Tatt,a Kernh: KpuBU"tHO npou,erno npaBo
npegMeTJ1Ma he ce ca':IJ1HJ1TJ1 nomBpoa Kaja he ce ogMax J13AaTJ1 n11u;y OA
Kora cy npegMeTJ1, OAHOCHO 11cnpase ogy3eTe.
Y 3an11cHJ1K ce yttoce M npMMeg6e np11cyTHJ1X JIMu;a, a noTmicyjy ra AP­
)KaJiau; ':IJ1jJ1 je CTaH J1JIM gpyra npOCTOp11ja, npeTpecaHJ1, OAHOCHO mn-1e
Hag KOjMM je J13BprneHo npeTpecalbe, osnarnheHo cny)K6eHo n11u;e no1m­
u;11je Koje je sprn1rno npeTpecalbe, o6a rpal)aHJ1Ha Kaja cy y csojcrny cse­
AOKa np11cycTBOBaJia npeTpecalby J1 3aITJ1CH£1l·Iap, aKO ra je 6MJIO. Ba)f(RO
je HanoMeHyT11 ga KOA npeTpecalba CTaHa J.1JIJ1 n11u;a He Mapa 6J.1TJ.1, J1 Haj­
qernhe HeMa noce6Hor 3an11cHJ.1':lapa, seh osaj 3anJ.1CHJ.1K noTnMcyje mu-1e
Koje BpllIJ.1 npeTpecalbe (':IJI. 232, CT. 2). TaKol)e, 3aITJ1CHJ.1K he IlOTITJ.1CaTJil 11
agsoKaT (6paHJ.1nau;), YKOJIJ.1KO je npHcycrnosao npeTpecalby. Y cnyqajy P,a
HeKo OA npHCYTHMX JIJ.1u;a og6J.1je ga IIOTill1llie 3aITJ.1CHJ.1K, TO he ce noce6Ho
Ha3Ha':IJ.1TJ1. Ca KpJ1MJ.1HaJIJ1CTJ.1':IKOr acneKTa, y u;11Jby sehe sepogocTOjtto­
CTJ1 rrpoHal)eHJ1X MaTepJ.1janHJ1X goKa3a Ba)l{Ha je 3aKOHCKa ogpeg6a Koja
OMoryhasa ga ce TOK npeTpecalba MO)Ke TOHCKJ.1 J.1 OITTJ.1':IKJ.1 CHJ.1MJ1TJ1, a
npegMeTJ1 rrpoHal)eHJ.1 TOKOM npeTpecalba noce6Ho cpoTOrpaqmcaTJ.1 11 P,a
ce osaKBJ1 CHJ.1MIJ;J1 J.1 cpoTOrpacpJ.1je np11no)Ke 3anJ.1CHJ.1KY o npeTpecalby.
Mel)yTJ1M, 3KII J.13PJ.1':IJ.1TO HaBOAJ.1 J.1 Kaga je TOHCKO l1 OITTJ.1':IKO CHHMaH>e
npeTpecalba o6a6e3HO. Ha11Me, aKo ce npeTpecalbe sprn11 6e3 npHcycTBa
csegoKa J.1JIJ.1 6e3 np11cycTBa npegcTaBHJ1Ka Hagne)KHe agBOKaTcKe KOMope,
CHJ.1Malbe J.1 cp0Torpaq>J.1Calbe TOKa npeTpecalba je o6a6e3HO ('In. 157, CT. 5).
Mel)yTJ.1M, y npaKCJ.1 cy Moryhe J1 c11Tyau;11je ga ce npJ.1JIJ.1KOM npeTpe­
calba rrpoHal)y J.1 TaKBJ1 rrpegMeTJ.1 KOjJ.1 HJ1CY Tpa)KeHJ.1, aJIJ1 KOjJ1 yKa3yjy Ha
HeKO gpyro KpJ.1BJ1':IHO geno 3a KOje ce rOHJ.1 no cny)K6eHoj AY)KHOCTJ1, rra je
J1CTe TaKol)e IIOTpe6Ho OITJ.1CaTJ.1 y 3aITJ.1CHJ1KY O rrpeTpecalby, rrpHBpeMeHO
11x ogy3eTJ1 M ogMax J.13AaTJ1 ogrosapajyhy nomBpoy. 0 osoMe he ce og­
Max o6aseCTJ1TJ1 jaBHJ1 TY)KJ.1Jiau; pagJ1 IlOKpeTalba KpMBJ.1':IHOr noCTynKa,
a aKO jaBHJ1 TY)KJ.1Jiau; Hal)e ga HeMa OCHOBa 3a IIOKpeTalbe Kpl1BJ.1':IHOr IIO­
cTyrrKa J1JIJ.1 aKo npecTaHY pa3JIO3J1 36or KOjl1X cy npegMeT11 npHspeMeHo
ogy3eTJ1, a He IIOCToje pa3JIO3J.1 3a lbl1XOBO TpajHO OAY3J.1Malbe,263 ogy3eTJ.1
rrpegMeTJ.1 he ce ogMax spaTJ1TJ1 n11u;y og Kora cy ogy3eTM.

2.2. Yrra)Kelbe y Tyl)e npocTOp11je J1 npeTpecalbe 6e3 Hapeg6e

JaBHJ1 TY)KMJiau; J.1JIJ.1 OBJiarnheHJ1 IlOJIJ1IJ;J1jCKJ1 cny)K6eHJ.1IJ;J.1 Mory J.1 6e3
Hapeg6e cyga ga yl)y y Tyl) CTaH J.1JIJ.1 gpyre npocTOpHje J.1 ga, YKOJIJ1Ko no­
CToj11 noTpe6a, cnposegy npeTpecalhe 6e3 npHcycrna csegoKa ('In. 158,
CT. 1) caMO ITOA cnegehJ.1M ycnoBJ1Ma:
• y3 carnacHOCT gp)Kaou;a CTaHa 11 gpyr11x npocTop11ja;
263 To cy npeAMen1 •rnje je OAY3HMatt,e HeOITXOAHO no KpHBWIHOM 3aKOHY paAH 3alUTHTe
HHTepeca onU1Te 6e36eAHOCTH HnH H3 pa3nora Mopana.
 Ilperxo,a;m1 nocrynaK 203

• aKO HeKO 3OBe y noMoh;

• pa,a;11 Henocpe,a;Hor xamneH>a yq11HHOQa Kp11B11qHor ,a;ena;
• pa,a;H J13BprneH>a o,a;nyKe cy,a;a o np11rBapaH>y J1ITJ1 ,a;oBo:l)eH>y oKpMBJbeHor;
• pa,a;11 OTKJiaH>aH>a Henocpe,a;He 11 03611JbHe onacHocr11 3a lhy,a;e
l1 HMOBHHy.
Kao UITO ce MO)Ke np11Mer11r11, HOBl1 3KIT npon11cyje ,a;a y ry9 craH 6e3
Hape,a;6e, no.a; Hanpe,a; HaBe,a;eH11M ycnOB11Ma, nope.a; non11Q11je MO)Ke ytm
l1 jaBHH TY)Kl1JI�. BepoBaTHO je OBaKBO 3aKOHCKO pemeH>e nocne,a;11Qa
yB09eH>a ry)K11naqKor KOHQenra 11crpare npeMa KojeM je janH11 T}')KMJia�
dominus litis Qenor nperxo,a;Hor nocrynKa an11 je, ca ,a;pyre crpaHe, reUIKO
3aM11cn11r11 pea,rny c11ryaQ11jy y Kojoj he jaBHl1 ry)K11JiaQ yna311r11 y ry9
craH 11 Bprn11r11 nperpecaH>e 6e3 np11cycrBa 11 noMohtt non11QJ1je. HaH­
Me, HaBe,a;eH11 cnyqajeBJ1 3axreBajy XHTHOCT nocrynaH>a J1 HeperKo he no­
crojar11 onacHocr J1 no )KJ1BOT J1 3,a;paBJbe JIJ1Qa y KOHKperHoj cJ1ryaQJ1jJ1,
a C o63HpOM Ha TO ,a;a TY)KJ1JiaQ He noce,a;yje HJ1 3Halbe HJ1Tl1 onpeMJbeHOCT
3a nocrynaH>e y raKBHM cJ1ryaQ11jaMa, Mano je BepoBaTHO ,a;a he 11Ka,a;a
jaBHl1 TY)KJ1JiaQ caMOJ1Hl1QJ1jaTJ1BHO Bpllil1Tl1 nperpec CTaHa.
y HaBe,a;eHl1M c11ryaQ11jaMa nOJil1Ql1jl1 11 jaBHOM TY)K110QY HHje norpe6-
Ha ttape,a;6a cy,a;a ,a;a 611 ymnM y ry9 craH J1JI11 ,a;pyre npocropHje 11 J13BpllIH­
JIH nperpecaH>e, H11r11 je norpe6Ho np11cycrBo ,a;Ba rp�aH11Ha y CBojcTBy
CBe,a;oKa, aJIJ1 je OBJiarnheHO cny)K6eHO JIJ1Qe AY)KHO ,a;a ,a;p)KaOQY CTaHa ca­
OIIUITJ1 pa3nore ynaCKa J1 pa3nore nperpecaH>a.
IIp11n11KOM cnp0B09eH>a nperpecaH>a craHa J1 ,a;pyrHx npocropHja, OB­
JiaUiheHo cny)K6eHo JIHQe je ,a;y)KHO ,a;a 06anecrJ1 ,a;p)KaOQa craHa 11n11 ,a;py­
ro np11cyrHo JIJ1Qe ,a;a HMa npaBo ,a;a 113jan11 np11Me,a;6y nporHB OBaKBor
rrocry11Ka IlOJil1QJ1je. YKOJil1KO ,a;p)KaJiaQ CTaHa HJil1 ,a;pyro np11cyTHO JI11Qe
11Ma np11Me,a;6y, OBJiaUiheHo cny)K6eHo Jil1Qe je ,D;y)KHO ,a;a H>erony np11Me,a;-
6y yHece y IlOTBp,a;y O ynacKy y CTaH, O,ll;HOCHO y 3aITJ1CHJ1K O nperpecaH>y
}'KOJIHKO je 11CTO 113BprneHO. y CBaKOM cnyqajy, aKO je OBJiaUiheHO CJiy)K6e­
HO n11Qe cnpoBeno pa,a;H>y ynacKa y craH 11n11 ,a;pyre npocrop11je (noMohHa
3rpa,a;a, rapa)Ka, craja, aM6ap 11 en.) ,a;p)KaOQY craHa 11n11 ,a;pyroM np11cyr­
HOM n11Qy he 113,a;ar11 nomBpoy y Kojoj Mopa HaBecr11 pa3nor yna)KeH>a y
craH, o,a;HocHo y ,a;pyre npocrop11je, Kao 11 rrp11Me,a;6e ,a;p)KaOQa craHa J1JIJ1
Apyror npucyrHor nm�a JKOJI11Ko HX je 611no y o,a;Hocy Ha rrocrynaK oB­
namheHor crry)K6ettor JIHQa. Me9yr11M, aKo OBJiaUiheHo crry)K6eHo n11Qe
H3Bpllil1 11 rrperpecaH>e OH,a;a je ,a;y)KHO ,a;a cacraB11 3anucHUK o npempe­
ca1vy, C TJ1M llITO y OBOM 3arrJ1CHJ1KY Mopajy 611r11 Ha3HaqeHJ1 pa3JIO3J1
ynaCKa y ry9 craH, Kao J1 pa3JIO311 36or Koj11x je nperpecaH>e 113BprneHo.
IIope,n; nomBpoe o ynacKy y cmaH 6e3 Hapeo6e u 3anucHuKa o npempeca1vy,
oBnarnheHo cny)K6eHo JIHQe rroJIJ1QJ1je he cacraBJ1T11 11 nomBpoy o npuBpe-
npaso IlpeTXOAHM rrocTynaK 205

OAy311MaH>a. Ka3y He MO)Ke 3acH0BaTM cy,n;cKa o,n;nJKa M onTy)KeHJ.1 ce J.1Ma ocno6o):{MTM

rn TY)KJ.1Jia:Q onry)K6e ,n;a je M3Bpumo Kp11BM'IHO ,n;eno Koje MY ce cTaBJba Ha TepeT.
;y,l:{a, p;y)KHJ1
j11 3a npeT­ 3. IIp1mpeMeHo op;y3HMalbe npeµ;MeTa
ipeo6e, KOjH
a HaBe):{eHo IlptrnpeMeHo O)J;y3MMaH>e npe,u;MeTa rrpe,u;cTaBJba ,u;oKa3HY pa,u;H>y
e Ha jorn je­ trnjvtM ce rrpe,u;y3MMaH>eM 06e36el)yjy rrpe,n;MeTM Kao l13BOp MaTepHjaJIHl1X
tcTpa)KHOM J:IOKa3a. IIo cBojoj npI1pO,u;l1, OBa pa,u;H>a je ycKo rroBe3aHa ca rrpeTpecaH>eM
DHMTOCTH. craHa M JII1:Qa, anl1 ce MO)Ke l13BO,D;l1Tl1 l1 Kao caMOCTanHa pa,u;H>a. �MJb OBe
: je npon:n­ pa,n;If>e jecTe npHBpeMeHo o,n;y3l1MaH>e npe,u;MeTa KOjl1 ce no Kpl1BM'IHOM
e):{6e y Tyl) 3aKOHY l1Majy o,u;y3eTl1, Kao l1 npe,u;MeTa KOjl1 Mory nocJiy)KMTl1 Kao ,n;oKa3
nOJIM:QMje, y KpHBM'IHOM nocTynKy.
Qa 6e3 Ha­ Y TOM CMl1CJIY, noTpe6HO je o,u;pep;HTH KOjl1 cy TO npe,n;MeTl1 KOjl1 ce no
nonM:Q11je, KpHBM'IHOM 3aKOHY HMajy o,u;y3eTH, a KOjl1 Mory nocny)Kl1Tl1 Kao ,n;oKa3 y
JIM:Qe no­ KpHBJ1'IHOM noCTynKy. Hajnpe, npe,u;MeTl1 KOjM ce no KpHBl1'IHOM 3aKOHY
ycTBa ):{Ba HMajy o,u;y3eTl1 jecy npe,u;MeTM KOjl1 cy ynoTpe6JbeHM 3a H3BprneH>e KpM­
.ape):{6e 3a BJ1'IHor ,u;ena MJIM cy 611n11 HaMeH>eHM 3a M3BprneH>e KpMBM'IHOr ,u;ena l17rn
aif>e JIM:Qa rrpe,n;MeTM KOjM cy HaCTaJIM M3BprneH>eM KpMBM'IHOr ,u;ena. C ,n;pyre CTpaHe,
JIMQe no­ rrpe,n;MeTM KOjM Mory nocny)KMTJ1 Kao ,u;oKa3 y KpMBl1'IHOM noCTynKy jecy
ne 0):{6a­ CBM OHM npe,u;Men1 KOjM cy HOCJ.10:QJ/I TparoBa, Kao J/1 CBJ/1 p;pyrl1 npep;MeTJ/1
r3eTM Kao KOjM cy y Be3J/I ca J/13BprneHJ/IM KpJ/IBJ/I'IHJ/IM p;enoM M YlfJ/IHJ/IOQeM J/1 KOjJII
Uba JIH:Qa rrpy)Kajy 3HatJajHe J1IH<pOpMau;J1Ije 3a KPJ/IBJ/I'IHJ/1 nocTynaK.
O):{pe):{6e Mel)yTJ1IM, Tpe6a HarnacJ/ITJ/1 .n;a y npep;MeTe KOjJII ce Mory npJ11BpeMeHo
r JIMQa :n o,n;y3eTM 3aKOHMK J113p11'IMTO y6paja 11 ypel)aje 3a aymoMamcKy o6paoy no­
K. oamaKa, Kao u ypel)aje u onpeMy Ha Kojoj ce ttyBajy UllU ce Mazy ttyBamu
'1QMjCKJ1 ene1<mp0Hc1<u 3anucu. Ha OBOM MecTy je 3Ha'IajHo nop;ceTJ/ITJ/1 ce 3aKoH­
cTporo CKe op;pe,n;6e npeMa Kojoj ce npempecaHJe ypel)aja 3a ayTOMaTcKy o6pap;y
O)Ke Ae­ rro,u;arnKa M onpeMe Ha Kojoj ce 'IJBajy MJIM ce Mory 'IJBaT11 eneKTpoHCKJ/1
,n;oKa3 y 3aIIMCM npe,n;y3J/1Ma Ha OCHOBY Hape,n;6e cy,n;a JII, no IIOTpe6M, Y3 IIOMOfl
! y nOT­ cTpyqHor JIJ/1:Qa ('In. 152, CT. 3). )];aKne, ,n;a 611 ce M3Bpumo npempec pa­
e, ,n;a ce qyHapa, Heorrxo,u;Ho je ,n;a rrocTOj:n rroce6Ha Hape,u;6a cy,n;a Koja ce op;HOCM
M ,n;a To MCKJbYlfMBO Ha Taj BJ/IA rrpeTpecaH>a.
pecma IIpJ11BpeMeHo op;y3J11MaH>e rrpep;MeTa Kao p;oKa3HY pa,n;H>y y rrpe,n;11-
r)K6eHa cTpa)KHOM nocTynKy rrpep;y311Ma opraH IIOCTYIIKa, lllTO 3Ha'IJ/I jaBHJ1 Ty­
rrpMcy­ )KMJiau; J/IJIJ/1 noJIJ/II.J;Mja, y 3aBJ.1CHOCTJ1 op; KOHKpeTHOr cnyqaja. Jfau;e Koje
a HMTJ.1 ,n;p)KJ/1 HaBe,n;eHe npep;MeTe p;y)KHO je p;a opraHy nocTynKa 0MoryhJ11 npM­
l1je HJ.1 cTyn npep;MeTJ/IMa, npy)KJ/1 o6aBernTeH>a noTpe6Ha 3a H>HXOBY ynoTpe6y M
)a)KHM p;a J/IX Ha 3axTeB opraHa npep;a. IIpe o,n;y311MaH>a npe,n;MeTa opraH rrocTyn­
ce ,n;o- Ka he no n0Tpe6J11 y np11cycTBY cTpyqHor n11u;a nperne,u;aTJ.1 npe,u;MeTe ('!JI.
148, CT. 1).
Ho npaeo IlpeTXO�Hl1 rroCTynaK 207
o,n;6J1je ,n;a OMo- op;y3ern: rrpe,n;MeTe KOjl1 ce no Kpl1BJ1qHOM 3aKOHY J1Majy o,n;y3eTJ1 J,fJil1
1aBerrITelba no- KOjl1 Mory IIOCJIY)Kl1TJ1 Kao ,z:r;oKa3 y Kpl1BJ1qHoM rrocTynKy y3 l13,D;aBaH>e
rrpe,n;a. Y TOM op;roBapajyhe rrornp,n;e.
qatty Ka3HY ,n;o �pyro - Ka,n;a rrpe,n;y3MMajy o,n;roBapajyhe rroTpa)KHe pa,n;H>e y rrpe,n;:n­
y,n;, C TJ1M lllTO, crpa)l(HOM rrocTynKy y CKJia,n;y ca o,n;pe,n;6aMa '!JI. 286 3KIT, Kao rnTo cy Ha
rnu;e MO)Ke no­ np11Mep rrperne,n; rrpeBO3HJ1X cpe,n;cTaBa, nyTHJ1Ka J1 rrpTlbara, J1JIJ1 rrperne,n;
� ce rrpeMa o,n;- op;pe�eH11x o6jeKaTa J1 rrpocTopHja rrpaBHJ1X JIJ1u;a y rrp11cycrny o,n;roaop­
1pe,n;y3eny J1Jll1 Hor JIJ1u;a. YKOJIJ1KO rrpl1JIJ1KOM rrpe,n;y3l1MaH>a 611:JIO Koje IIOTpa)l<He pap;H>e
�a ,rnu;e Koje je IlOJIJ1QJ1ja ,il;OQe p;o rrpep;MeTa KOjl1 Tpe6a p;a 6y,n;y op;y3eTJ1, IIOJIJ1QJ1jCKJ1
r AY)l(HOCT l1Ma crry)l(6eHJ1K he l13BprnMTJ1 lbl1XOBO op;y311Malbe y3 l13p;aBalbe rrornp,n;e o
relba l1 o Kojoj np11BpeMeHO op;y3eTJ1M rrpe,r,;MeTMMa .
. y 3aBJ1CHOCTJ1
Tpehe - y rrpep;MCTpa)KHOM rrocTynKy, IIOJIJ1D;J1ja MO)Ke rrpHBpeMeHO
op;y3eT11 rrpe,n;MeTe aKo rrocTyrra y cKna,n;y ca qJI, 158, CT. 1, TO jecT aKo
� ,n;y)l(HOCTJ1 ,n;a cy l1CIIJibeHJ1 3aKOHCKl1 ycnoBJ1 ,n;a 6e3 Hape,n;6e cy,n;a yoy y TYQ CTaH J1JIJ1
rpe6Ha 3a lbl1- p;pyre rrpocTOp:nje l1 ,n;a, yKoJIHKO rrocTOj11 rroTpe6a, crrpose,n;y rrpeTpe­
y (qn, 149). To catt,e 6e3 rrp11cycrna CBep;oKa. $aKTJ1qKJ1, y OBaKBOj CJ1Tyau;11j11 IIOCTOj:n
ryhHOCT H11 ,n;a onacHocT o,n; o,n;naraH>a 11 rro;mu;Hja caMa p;oHoc:n :n l13BprnaBa Hape;ri;6y o
rnBe,n;eHy o6a­ np11BpeMeHOM op;y311MaH>y rrpep;MeTa.
KHOCT qYBalba
Ka;ri;a ce rrp11BpeMeHo o,z:r;y3J1Majy rrpe,n;MeTM :n3p;aje ce nomBpoa o
3pe)];J1JIO ,n;y)K -
npuepeMeHo ooy3emuM npeoMemuMa y Kojoj ce Mopa HaaecT11 MeCTo lbM­
:eropHje nmi;a
xoBor rrpoHanacKa 11 om1c 11cT11x, Kao J1 rrop;au;J1 o JIHu;y op; Kora ce rrpe,n;­
)jOM o,n;nyKoM
MeT11 op;y311Majy, Kao 11 CBOjCTBO J1 IIOTIIJ1C n11u;a Koje pa,n;tt:,y crrpoaop;J1
rn J11IJ1 lberoB
(qJI, 150, CT. 1). CrrJ1ce KOj:n cy npHBpeMeHO op;y3eTl1 l1 Koj11 Mory rrorny­
)l(J1TJ1 Kao ,n;oKa3 Tpe6a rrom1caT11, a yKoJI11Ko TO HJ1je Moryhe 11cTJ1 he ce
CT ,n;pyrnx BJ1- CTaBJ1Tl1 y OMOT l1 3arre'laTl1Tl1, C Tl1M llITO BJiaCHJ1K CIIJ1Ca aKo )KeJI11, MO)Ke
npe,n;MeT IIITO Ha OMOT CTaBl1Tl1 J1 CBOj Tie'!aT. Ilpl1JIJ1KOM OTBapaH>a TaKO 3aneqaheHl1X
, perneH>e. Ta­ cn11ca rro3l1Ba ce J1 JIMu;e op; Kojer cy cnJ1CJ1 op;y3eT:n. To n11u;e HMje ;ri;y)KHO
Hor MexaHM3- ,n;a ce o,z:r;a3oBe no3MBY, rra 11 yKoJI11Ko tte np11cycTayje, OMOT he ce 11naK
rnyje 3axTeay ornop11r11 11 cn11c11 npernep;aT11 11 non11caT11 y lberoBOM o,a;cycrny. Ka,a;a
riocy Ha npay ce crr11c11 oTBapajy 11 npernegajy, Ha opratty nocTynKa je o6aBe3a ,n;a Bog11
paqyHa p;a HeoBJiarnhetta nm�a He ca3Hajy lbl1XOB cagp)Kaj.
aKJbyqJ1TJ1 ,z:r;a Y rrome;ri;y rroapahaja rrp11apeMeHo ogy3eT11x rrpegMeTa Ba)KJ1 npaa11no
3peMeHo o,n;y- ,n;a he ce np11apeMeHo ogy3eT11 rrpe,n;MeTJ1 apaTJ1TJ1 ;ri;p)Kaou;y aKo npecTa­
HY pa3JIO3J1 36or KOjMX cy rrpe,n;MeTJ1 np:napeMeHO op;y3eTJ1, a He IIOCTOje
1M cy,n;Hja 3a pa3JIO3l1 3a lbl1XOBO TpajHo o,n;y3:nMalbe, Tj. He pag11 ce o npep;MeTMMa q11je
eMeHOM o,n;y­
1
je op;y311MaH>e HeOIIXO,rt;HO no Kpl1BJ1'IHOM 3aKOHY pa,n;11 3allITJ1Te J1HTepeca
je Hape,z:r;6a o OIIIllTe 6e36ep;HOCTJ1 J,fJIJ1 pa3JIOra MOpana (qJI, 151, CT. 1). MeQyT:nM, MO)Ke
3a ,n;OBOQelbe ce geCJ1TJ1 ga je np11apeMeHO ogy3eTJ1 rrpe,n;MeT HeOTIXO)];HO IIOTpe6aH gp­
rrpHBpeMeHo )Kaou;y. Y TaKBOj CJ1Tyau;11j:n rrp11BpeMeHO o,n;y3eTJ1 npep;MeT MY ce MO)Ke
apaTJ1TJ1 :n npe npecTaHKa pa3nora 36or Kojer je ogy3eT, y3 06aae3y ga ra
1-10 npaBo IlpeTXO,!l;HJ1 ITOCTyrraK 209

HJ/I TY)KJrnau; M rrpaBJ1JIJ1Ma, jep OHO llITO ce rrporrycTJ1 TOKOM YBMl)aja, KaCHMje ce TellIKO
a rrpHBpeMeHo 11JIJ1 CKOpo HJ/IKaKO He MO)Ke Ha,n;oKHa)];J1TJ1. 36or Tora ce, ca KpHMJ/IHaJIJ/I­
CTHtIKOr acrreKTa, yB111)aj Bpnm Kp03 CTaTJ/ItIKY J1 )];J/IHaMJ1tIKY cpa3y KaKO
rrpHBpeMettor 6u ce rrpoHaI1IJIJ1, 06ene)KJ1JIJ1 J/I q>MKCHpaJIJ/I CBJ1 TparoB11 11 rrpe,n;MeT11,
Tl/I rrpe,n;ajy ce YKTh}"Iyjyh11 M MMKpOTparoBe. 269
BO qyBaH>e. y J1MajyhM y BM,n;y HaBep;eHy 3aKOHCKY o,n;pep;6y, ITOCTaBJba ce ITJ/ITaH>e y
� crna rrpe,n;ajy ,:rnjoj je Hap;Jie)KHOCTJ1 BpllleH>e YBMl)aja, Tj. p;a JIJ/I he YBJ/Il)aj BpllIMTJ/I jaBHJ1
aTJ/IBJ/I MJIM no rpr<J1nau;, rron11u;Mja J/IJIJ1 cy,n;. C ofoMpoM Ha op;pep;6y tIJI. 2, CT. 1, T. 15 3KI1
yKojeM je rrpOITJ/ICaHo ,n;a je opraH ITOCTyrrKa jaBHM TY)KMJiau;, cy,n; J1JIJ/I ,n;py­
m ,n;p)KaBHJ/I opraH rrpep; KOjMM ce BO)];J/I rrocTyrraK, JIOrJ/Il·IKJ1M TyMaqeH>eM
ce MO)Ke 3aKJbYtJ:11TJ1 ,n;a cy y rrpeTXO)];HOM rrocTyrrKy 3a BpllleH,e YBJ11)aja OB­
narnneHJ1 J/I jaBH11 TY)KMJiau; M rronMu;Mja, 6e3 ofoMpa Ha Te)KJ1HY yqm1,eHor
Ja,n;tt,e HaJia3M KpttaJ!IqHor p;ena. CBaKaKo p;a he OBJiaI1IheHo cny)K6eHo JI11u;e rronMu;11je
aj rrpe,n;y3MMa o.n;Max o6aBeCTJ1TJ1 jaBHOr TY)I<Mou;a O l10Tpe6J/I BpllleH>a YBMl)aja J1MajyhM
fIOCTyrrKy rro­ y Bl1AY p;a je yaep;eHa TY)KMJiaqKa J/ICTpara, aJIJ1 MO)KeMO rrpHMeTJ1TM p;a
D KpHBJftIHOM He IIOCTOjM HJ/Ijep;Ha 3aKOHCKa CMeTH>a p;a ITOJIJ/Ill;J/Ija caMOCTaJIHO o6aBJ/I
a ,n;pyre MaTe- yBJ.11)aj J1 p;a 6e3 op;Jiaratt,a o TOMe 06aBecT11 jaBHor TY)KMou;a. MMllIJbeH>a
1j ,,cpaKTJft:IKO CMO p;a 6M Haj6oJbe peI1IeH>e y rrpaKrn 6J1JIO ,n;a YBMl)aj 3aje,n;Ho Bpllle jaBHM
..i:aTepHjanHor ry)KMJiau; 11 noJIJ1D;J1ja, Tj. p;a jaBHJ/I TY)KMJiau; Kao dominus litis u;eJior npeT­
xo ,n;Hor nocTynKa pyKoBOp;M ym11)ajeM, y capap;H>M ca noJIMu;11joM Koja he
oja ,n;ena Tpe­ rrpy)KJ1TM ap;eKBaTHY cTpYtJHY noMoh.
ux ,n;ena, CTe­ IIpHJIJ1KOM npe,n;y3MMaH>a yaMl)aja opraH noCTyrrKa he no npaBMJIY
lJ/I 3arrpehette 3aTpa)KMTJ1 noMoh CTPYtJHOr nm�a cpopeH3J1qKe, cao6pahajHe, Me)];J/Ill;J/IH­
{ KpHBJ/ItIHJfX CKe MJIM p;pyre cTpyKe. Y TOM CM11cny Tpe6a Mcrah11 p;a je cTpyqHo JIMu;e
OCTopy Mory rrpou;eCHo cnoco6Ho M MopaJIHO no,n;o6Ho q>M3J/ItIKO n11u;e op;roBapajyhe
ff 0KOJIHOCTJ1 aaHrrpaBHe cTpyKe, Koje npy)Ka cTpYtJHY noMoh opraHy y Kp11BMqHoM
}"IJ1HJ/IOll;a J1 rrocTynKy y pelllaBaH>y TexHMtIKJ/IX MJIJ/I p;pyrMx cTpYtJHMx nMTatt,a, Kao M
'. 61/ITJ/I JIJ'.lll;e, Y J13BOl)eH>y nojep;J/IHJ/IX KpJ1BJ1qHonpou;ecHJ1X pap;H,J!I. 270 ITpeMa TOMe, oc­
HOBHa KapaKTepJ1CTJ1Ka TaKBOr ,mu;a jecTe nocep;oBaH:>e CTPYtJHOCTJ1 Koja
DBpeMeHOCT, MO)Ke 6MTJ1 pa3HOBpcHa, llITO yKa3yje Ha tIJ1H>eH11u;y ,n;a je HeMoryhe ytta­
pa,n;tt, e J1 ,n;o­ rrpep; npep;BJ/I)];eTJ/I Koje CBe BpCTe CTPYtJHOCTM Mory 611TJ1 noTpe6He opra­
�a joj je U:J11I> HY KpHBJ1tIHOr nocTyrrKa.
,n;ena, OKOJI- AHra)KoBaHo cTpyqHo n11u;e he, no n0Tpe611, npep;y3eT11 rrpoHaJia)KeH>e,
3a rrpoHana­ o6e36e1)11Bafue J1JIJ1 onJ1CMBaH>e TparoBa, 113BpllIMTJ1 rroTpe6Ha MepeH>a 11
rocTu, rro,n;a­ CHJ/IMafua, caqJ!IHJ1TM CKJ/Iu;e, y3eTJ1 noTpe6He Y30pKe pap;11 aHam13e J1JIJ/I
JOBepaBaH>a rrpHKyrrMTM ,n;pyre nop;aTKe. <DaKTJ/ItIKJ/I, cTpyqHa JI11u;a Mory npJ1cycTBo­
sapun1 rrpo­ BaTJ1 ya111)ajy J1 npy)KJ1TJ/I ap;eKBaTHY noMoh caMo yKoJI11Ko TO 3aTpa)KJ/I
.JIMCTJ/ItIKMM opraH KOjl1 o6aBJba yaJ11)aj, a TO 3Haq11 jaBHJ/I TY)KJ1Jiau; 11711/I noJI11u;11ja.
269 CMMOHOBHn, E. (2004). Opus citatum, cTp. 293-294.
270 M1rnoweswn, M. (1996). Cmpy•ma 11ul-!a y KpUBU'IHOM nocmynKy, I1onm-1HjcKa aKa;ieMHja,
6eorpa;i, cTp. 19.
npaeo TTpeTXOAHl1 IlOCTynaK 211

· rroTpe6a, y je rrpMJIJ.1KOM Bpllielba yB111)aja Ben n03HaT ocyMlbJ1'IeHJ.1 J.1 lberOB 6paHJ1-
-TeXHWIKe J1 nau;, Kao M OIIITeheHJ.1.
e9eHa cny)K - HoBM 3Kll, Ka,n;a je y nMTalby npe,n;MeT ysMl)aja, yso,n;M no,n;eny Ha yB111)aj
rroJIJ.1Q.t1je ce nv1u;a, cTBapM M Mecrn. J1 ,n;o ca,n;a cy npe,n;MeT yB111)aja 6MJIH nm�a, cTBap11
'.03J.1: npBO - J,f MeCTa, aJIJ.1 TO HMje 6mrn 113p11'I11TO 3aKOHCKJ.1 peryJIMCaHO. y CKJia,n;y ca
- Kao CTp�­ '171. 134 3Kll npe,n;BJ11)eHo je Ka,n;a ce MO)Ke 06aB.t1TJ1 yBMl)aj n11�a, np11-
najy no 3ax- nHKOM qera ce npaB11 pa3JIMKa ,n;a JIM ce BpllIM yB111)aj oKpHBJbeHor MJIM
ym19aj ,n;pyrnx JIMQa. TaKo je rrpe,n;BMl)eHo ,n;a he ce yB111)aj oKpHBJbeHor
·pe6a J.1MaT11 npe,n;y3eTJ1 J1 6e3 lberoBor npHcTaHKa aKo je noTpe6Ho ,n;a ce yTBp,n;e 'IJ1lbe­
3eh caMo no HJ11.\e Ba)l(He 3a noCTyrraK ('IJI. 134, CT. 1), ,!l;OK he ce ysMl)aj ,n;pyrnx JIJ.1Qa,
rrpeMa TOMe 6e3 lbJ1XOBOr npHCTaHKa, npe,n;y3eTJ1 caMO aKO ce Mopa YTBP,Zl;J1TJ1 ,n;a JIJ,:[ ce
OBJiawneHJ1 Ha lbl1XOBOM Teny HaJia3J1 o,n;pe1)eHJ1 Tpar J1JIJ.1 nocrre,n;J.1Qa KpMBJ1'IHor ,n;ena
TepecaHTHO ('ilI. 134, CT. 2).
aBJba ,n;oKa3, Mo)Ke ce npJ.1MeTJ1TJ1 ,n;a je no,n; nojMOM ys111)aja JIJ1Qa o6yXBaheHa He­
CKa3 CTp�­ Ka,n;awlba pa,n;lba TerrecHJ.1 nperne,n; OKpJ.1BJbeHor M ,n;pyrnx JIMQa. HaJ.1Me,
�1TyaQJ.1jaMa 3KII/2001 je TerrecHJ.1 nperne,n; ocyMlbWieHor, 0KpJ.1BJbeHor 11 ,n;pyrJ.1X JIJ.1Qa
�MMa ,n;enaT­ cspcTaBao y o,n;pe,n;6e o Bermaqelhy J.1aKo je y ITJ.1Talhy ys111)aj Ha,n; JIJ1QeM
rncT CTp�­ KOjM, 3a pa3JIMKY o,n; yB111)aja Hap; cTBapMMa, MO)Ke 611T11 cnojeH ca Bew­
>aT l1 CKJ1�a Ta'felbeM.273 Y TeOpl1jl1 KpJ1Bl1'IHOr npoQeCHOr npaBa IlOCTOje pa3JIJ.1'fl1Ta
3aI1J,:[CHJ1Ka craHOBMillTa y norne,n;y npaBHe npMpo,n;e oBe pa,n;lbe, Tj. ,n;a JIM je y n11Talby
:se,n;oKa 11n11 yBHQaj Hap; rrm�eM274 11rr11 noce6Ha Bpcrn BelllTa'ielha MJIM je MnaK TO noce6-
,H y Kojoj je Ha KpHBJ1'IH0IlpOQeCHa pa,n;lba.275 MMIIIJbelba CMO ,n;a je Y IlJ.1Talhy ys111)aj
3Jba ,n;oKa3 y Hap; JIMQeM, Kao IllTO M caM 3Kll npon11cyje, KOjM no,n;pa3yMeBa Henocpe,n;­
HO OIIa)KaH>e opraHa nocTynKa (jaBHOr TY)KMO�a J.1JIJ.1 IlOJIJ.1QJ.1je) Hap; TeJIOM
OBO np11cy­ oKpMBJbeHor J.1JIJ.1 HeKor ,n;pyror JIJ1Qa aKo cy J1CIIYJbeH11 Hanpe,n; HaBe,n;em1
) nO3MBalbe 3aKOHOM rrporrJ.1CaHJ.1 YCJIOBJ.1. AKO 6J.1 3a TeJieCHJ.1 rrperne,n; 611rro l10Tpe6Ho
He pa3n11Ke CTPYtfHO 3Halbe KOjMM He pacrroJia)Ke opraH rroCTyrrKa, OH,n;a 6J.1 ce pa,n;J.1no
ffieHJ.1Q.t1 ,n;a 0 BeUJTa'Ielby.276 Y CBaKOM cnyqajy, aKO ce rrpl1JIJ.1KOM ysMl)aja Hap; JIJ.1QeM
be BewTaKa ycraHOBl1 ,n;a Ha Teny nocTOje noje,n;MHJ.1 6J.10JIOillKJ.1 TparoBJ.1 J1JIJ1 o,n;pel)eHe
renecHe rroBpe,n;e, CBaKaKo ,n;a ce, rro,n; 11crrytt,elbeM 3aKOHOM rrpe,n;BJ.11)eHJ.1X
rcTBa noje­ ycnoBa, MO)Ke Hapep;MTM Y3MMalbe y3opaKa 6MOJIOllIKOr rropeKJia, Y3MMalbe
:a3aTM 11 Ha y3opaKa 3a cpopeH3M'iKO-reHeTH'iKY aHaJIM3Y mm BeIIITa<Ielbe.
:ycTBOBan1 Ilope,n; JIMQa, npe,n;MeT ys111)aja Mory fon11 noKpeTHe 11 HerroKperHe
e oBor •rna­ CTBapM OKpMBJbeHor J.1JIJ.1 ,n;pyrnx JIJ.1Qa, C TMM ,n;a ce YBM1)aj CTBapM MO)Ke
rnrypHo je OAHOCMTJ.1 11 Ha nelll, rra ce TaKo ys111)aj nerna rrpe,n;y3MMa aKo rrocTojM
a)KHOM no­ cyMlha ,n;a je cMpT o,n;pel)eHor JIM�a Herrocpe,n;Ha MJIM rrocpe,n;Ha rrorne,n;11Qa
TyaQ11je ,n;a
273 BarnlbeeKn, T., fpy6a'i, M. (2010). Opus citatum, CTp. 283.
ye11!Jaj, opratt 274 Ibidem, cTp. 283.
1Ky he, aKo ce 275 3a MJII.WlbeH:>e i:1a je TO noce6tta Kp11.a11.•1ttonpOL\eCHa paAH:>a BHAH: M11110weeHt1, M., Kecwh,
T. (2009). Opus citatum, cTp. 168.
276 l11nHh, r. rr. et al. (2013). Opus citatum, CTp. 366.
212 AneKcattp;ap EoUIKOBMn, TaH>a Kec11h: KpuBU'-tHO npou,eCHo npaBo

Kp11BJ1qHor p;ena 11n11 je y TpeHyTKY cMpT11 n11u;e 611no JIMIIIeHo rno6op;e 3a1
J,fJIJ,f je HeII03HaT 11p;eHTl1TeT JieIIIa. ce pai
IIopep; YB111)aja n11u;a 11 CTBap11, 3aKOHJ1K rrporr11cyje 11 yB111)aj Mecra. M )'Bvl

YB111)aj Mecrn ce rrpep;y3v1Ma Ha MecTy Kp11B11qHor p;ena 11n11 Ha p;pyroM cnyqa

MecTy Ha KojeM ce Hana3e rrpep;MeTJ1 11n11 TparoBJ1 Kp11B11qHor p;ena ('-In. 2). 3a
136, CT. 1). nau; 11
JIMKO
OBOM rrpMJIJ1KOM je Ba)KHO MCTatrn 3aKOHCKO OBJiaIIInelbe Koje rrpy)Ka
MorynHOCT p;a opraH rrocTyrrKa MO)Ke 3ap;p)KaT11 m1u;e 3aTeqeHo Ha Mecry Y1
YB111Jaja, aKo TO n11u;e MO)Ke p;aTM rrop;aTKe Ba)l(He 3a rroCTyrraK 11 aKo je Be­ Ka3H)
poBaTHO p;a ce Jbl1XOBO KaCHMje 11CIIJ1TJ1Balbe He 611 MOrJIO 113Bplll11Tl1 HJU'.I m1u;a
611 611no cKorrqaHo ca 3HaTHl1M op;yroBnaqeJbeM 11n11 p;pyrv1M TeIIIKonaMa. JIM je
TaKBO 3ap;p)KaBalbe n11u;a He MO)Ke TpajaT11 p;y)Ke op; 6 qacoBa. TY)KJ1
OBaj BJ1)]; 3ap;p)l<aBalba je YMHOrOMe C7IJ1qaH 3ap;p)KaBalby Ha MeCTY 113- Ui,
BpIIIelba KpJ1BJ1qHor p;ena, an11 rrocToje 11 op;peJ)eHe pa3J111Ke. IIpBa pa3JIH­ B111.J:HI
Ka ce ornep;a y T0Me IIITO ce y OBOM cnyqajy Mory 3ap;p)KaT11 n11u;a 3aTe'-!e­ Ba)KH
Ha Ha MecTy YBMJ)aja, a YB111)aj je III11p11 rrojaM op; Mecrn l13BpIIIelba Kp11- op;ro:e
BJ1qHor p;ena. Y TOM CMl1CJIY, MeCTO YBJ11)aja rrop;pa3yMeBa He caMO MeCTo 1IITeT1
J13Bprnelba Kp11BJ1qHor p;ena, Ben 11 CBaKo ;z:i;pyro MeCTo Ha KojeM ce Mory OBa p
Hah11 rrpep;MeT11 11n11 TparoBJ1 Kp11B11qHor p;ena. 277 .IJ:pyra pa3JIJ1Ka ce orne­ Ma J1
p;a y TOMe p;a oBnarnhelbe p;a 3ap;p)Ke n11u;a Ha MeCTy YB111)aja 11Majy 11 jaBH11 YBJ11),
Ty)K11Jiau; 11 cyp;, a He caMo rron11u;11ja Kao IIIT0 je cnyqaj Kop; 3ap;p)KaBatt,a
Ha MecTy l13BpIIIeH>a KpJ1BJ1qHor p;ena. 278
OpraH rrocTyrrKa je oBnaIIIneH p;a o 113BpIIIeHOM yB111)ajy caq11H11 3am1c­
HJ1K KOjl1 MOpa o6aBe3HO p;a y OIIJ1CHOj cpopMl1 cap;p)K11 '-!J1JbeHJ1qHo CTaH,e y
Ha MeCTy l13BprneH>a KpJ1BJ1qHor p;ena ca rroce6HJ1M oCBpTOM Ha rrpoHaJ)e­ BellIT
He TparoBe J1 rrpep;MeTe, C TJ1M llITO ce l.J:J1JbeHJ1qHO CTaH>e p;oKyMeHTyje 11 je rrpc
q>OTO-ena6opaTOM J1 CKJ1IJ;OM MeCTa J13BpIIIelba Kpl1BJ1'-!HOr p;ena, IIITO ce 11 IIOllIT
HaBO)J;J1 y 3aIIJ1CHl1KY O YBJ11)ajy KojeM ce 0Ba p;oKyMettTau;Hja J1 rrpHKJby­ CTPY,,
qyje. Y TOM cM11cny je rroce6Ho 3HaqajHa op;pep;6a '-!JI. 233, CT. 3 3KII Koja Texm
113p11q11To rrporr11cyje p;a ce rrpttJIMK0M rrpep;y311MaH>a pap;H>e Kao IIITO je Tyjy
YBMJ)aj y 3a1111cHJ1K yHoce rrop;au;11 Kojtt cy Ba)KHH c ofottpoM Ha rrp11po­ MJ1llIJ
AY TaKBe pap;lbe J1JIJ1 3a yTBpJ)i,rnaH>e J1CTOBeTHOCTM rrojep;HHJ1X rrpep;Me­ Ka
Ta (01111c, Mepe 11 Ben11q11Ha rrpep;MeTa J1JIH TparoBa, cTaBJbaH>e 03HaKe Ha J1CTa1
npep;MeT11Ma 11 p;p.), a aKo cy HarrpaBJbeHe cK11u;e, u;pTe)KJ1, rrnaH0BH, cpo­ CTaBJJ
Torpacp11je, q>l1JIMCKJ1 J1JIJ1 p;pyr11 TeXHJi1'-!Kl1 CHli1Mll;l1 - TO he ce HaBeCTJil y HJ1'-IK
3a11HCHJ1KY 11 rrp11KJbyqJ1Tl1 3arrttcHttKy. BO)J;J1
Bp1)11
IIpe1V
277 BMwe o TOMe: >KapKOBlilh, M., EjenoayK, vl., Kernh, T. (2012). KpuMUHaJ1ucmu<1Ko nocmyna/-be J1JIJ1 (
Ha Mecmy oozat;a)a u Kpeou6uJ1umem HayttHUX ooKaJa, KpfllMJ11HanJ11cTttqKo-noirnu;J11jcKa aKa,1.1eMfllja,
Eeorpa,1.1. 279 I
278 Jifnwh, r. I . et al. (2013). Opus citatum, CTp. 369.
T
280 I
 IlpeTxo,o;mi noCTynaK 213
:Ho cno6o,n;e 3am1CHl1K Ill1Ille 3aIIJ1CHl11Iap, C Tl1M IlITO je HarrpaBJbeH l13y3eTaK Kap;a
ce pap;H>a rrpe,n;y311Ma BaH cny)K6eH11x npocTOp11ja opraHa, y Koje crrap;a
1,d)aj MecTa. J1 JBHQaj, 110,n; yrnoBOM ,n;a ce 3aIIl1CHH'Iap He MO)Ke 06e36ep;J1Tl1, l1 y TOM
Ha ,n;pyroM cnyqajy 3aIIJ1CHl1K MO)Ke IIJ1CaTJ1 Jll11.J;e Koje rrpep;y311Ma pap;H>y ('IJI. 232, CT.
Dr p;ena (qn. 2). 3arrl1CHJ1K IIOTIIJ1Cyje Jll1l.J;e Koje je npep;y3eJIO pap;H>y, Tj. jaBHJ1 TY)KJ.1-
Jian; 1,1n11 OBJialllheHo crry)K6eHo rr11u;e rrorr111..1;11je, Kao 1,1 3arrncH111Iap, JKO­
Koje rrpy)Ka JIMKO je 6110 rrp11cyTaH.
10 Ha MecTy Y CBaKOM cnyqajy, MO)Ke ce KOHCTaTOBaT11 ,n;a JBl1Qaj npep;CTaBJba ,n;o­
H aKO je Be­ Ka3HY pa,n;H>y J1 p;a 3ailJ1CHl1K O yB111)ajy ca cpoTo-ena6opaTOM J1 CKMl.l;OM
purnn-1 11n11 rrm..1;a MecTa npeocmaBlba ooKa3 y KpuBU!.iHOM nocmynKy, 6e3 ofo11pa ,n;a
:elllKohaMa. JIM je y rrpe,n;11cTpa)KHOM nocTynKy 11n11 11cTpa311 JB:t1Qaj J13Bpill:t10 jaBHJ.1
ry)K1,1Jia1..1; 11rr11 non111..1;11ja.
a MecTy 113- U:t1Jb JEl11}aja je OTKp11BaH>e 11 rrp11KynJbaH>e p;oKa3a o nocTojaH>y Kp.1,1-
.pBa pa3n11- BH'!Hor p;erra, OKOJIHOCTJ1 3a KBaJI.t1<p:t1Ka1..1;11jy Kp:t1BJ1'IHOr p;ena, ,D;OKa3a
,11.1;a 3aTeqe­ Ba)KHJ1X 3a rrpoHaJia)KeH>e yq11H1101..1;a 11 yCTaHOBJbeH>e H>eroBe Kp:t1B:t11IHe
llieH>a Kp11- o,n;roBOpHOCTJ1, nop;aTaKa Ba)KHJ1X 3a YTBP9l1BaH>e IlOCTOjaH>a J1 Bl1CJ1He
:aMo MeCTO rnreTe, npoBepaBaH>a p;pyrMX ,n;oKa3a :t1Tp;., 279 na je cTora 3HaqajHo p;a ce
eM ce Mory oBa pa,n;H>a :t13Bpill11 npon11rno 11 CTPJ'IHO, Tj. no npo1..1;ecH:t1M op;pe,n;6a­
:Ka ce orne­ Ma J1 KpHM:t1HaJIHCTJ1'IKJ1M npaBJ1JIJ1Ma, jep OHO IlITO ce rrponycTH TOKOM
ajy:n jaBHl1 YBHl)aja, KaCH:t1je ce TeillKO J1JIJ,1 CKOpo HJ1KaKO He MO)Ke Hap;OKHap;:t1TJ.1.
1,n;p)KaBaH>a
5. BemTa11elbe
ilHH 3a1111c­
l'IHO CTaH>e Y np11KynJbaH>y M 06e36e1)11:BaH>y p;oKa3a 3Ha'!ajHo MecTo npimap;a
a rrpoHal)e- BeillTa'IeH>y Kao p;oKa3HOj pap;tt,11 y KpHBH'IHOM nocTynKy. BellITa'IeH>e
MeHTyj e l1 je rrpou;erna pa,n;lba Koja ce rrpep;y311Ma no Hape,n;611 opratta nocTynKa, y3
a, lllTO ce 11 noillTOBaH>e ycnoBa Koje rrponMcyje 3KII 11 KojoM ce attra)Kyjy rroce6H11
J1 rrpl1KJby­ crpyqH>a1..1;1,1, Tj. BellITa1..1;11 y cKrra,n;y ca npaBJ.1JIJ.1Ma CBoje ttayqHe 06nacT:t1,
� 3KII Koja reXHJ.11IK:t1x 3Halha, BellITJrna 11n11 YMeTHl1'1Ke op11jeHra1..1;11je, Koj11 11cm1-
Kao illTO je ryjy o6jeKTe BelllTa'!elba Koj11 cy HM rrpep;aTJ1 1,1 ,n;ajy cTpyqH:t1 Hana3 11
Ha rrp11po­ MMlllJbeH>e.
oc rrpe,n;Me- Ka,n;a HacTOjM p;a ce p;ecp:t1HJ1Ille caM nojaM BellITa'Ielba 3Ha'!ajHo je
03HaKe Ha wcTah11 .1,1 3aKOHCKO o,n;pel)eH>e rrpeMa KojeM nornoBM BemTa'leH>a rrpep;­
!HOBl1, cpo­ CTaBJbajy aKTJ1BHOCT 'll1jMM ce o6aBJbaH>eM, Y3 KOp:t1Illhelbe HayqHHX, Tex­
HaBeCTJ1 y HM'IKHX l1 ,n;pyrMX p;OCTHrttyha rrpy)Kajy cy,n;y J,1JII,1 p;pyroM opraHy KOjli1
BOp;M nocTynaK 110Tpe6Ha CTpyqHa 3HaH>a, Koja ce KOp:t1cTe npMJIJ.1KOM yT­
BpQHBalba, ou;eHe mrn pa3jamH>elba rrpaBHO peneBaHTH:t1X 'IHH>eHHl.l;a.280
IlpeMa op;pep;6aMa 3KII, BemTa'lelbe ce o,n;pel)yje Kap;a je 3a yTBpljHBalbe
:o nocmyna1ve HJHf ou;eHy HeKe 'IJ1lbeH:t11.l;e y rrocTynKy Il0Tpe6Ho CTPJ'IHO 3Halbe, C Tli1M
J<a a1<aJ1eM111ja,
279 Bac111JbeBMn, T., fpy6a'!, M. (2010). Opus citatum, CTp. 250.
280 CHMOHOBWn, 6. (2004). Opus citatum, CTp. 330.
ito npaao ITpeTXO�Hl([ IIOCTynaK 215

l1 ou;eHe npaB- Y rnaKOM cnyqajy, np11JII1KOM op;pe1)11Batt,a BernTa':lett,a non11u;11ja je

/W)l(Ha ,u;a ,u;oHece IlMCMeHy Hape,u;6y, OCJ1M aKO l13y3eTHO Hl1je ycMeHo Ha­
7le)KHOCTJ1 op;- pe)vrna Bermaqett,e, KojoM o,u;pel)yje nernTa':leH,e 11 Koja Mopa ca,u;p)KaT11
HJ1 TY)KJ1Jiau;, cneµ;elie eneMeHTe:
>e':leHo y Be3J1 • Ha3J1B opraHa Koj11 je Hape,u;J10 BelllTa':leH,e;
�a y npeTxop;­ • MMe 11 npe3l1Me n11u;a Koje je op;pel)eHo 3a BernTaKa, op;HOCHO Ha3J1B
\ J1 ITOJIJ1I.J;l1ja, crpyqtte ycTaHOBe J1JIJ1 ,u;p)KaBHOr opraHa KojeM je nonepeHo aeruTa':lett,e;
lKO p;a he OB- • 03Ha':lett,e npep;MeTa aemTa':leH,a;
or TY)KJ1ou;a
3ep;etta TY)Kl1- • mnaH,a Ha Koja Tpe6a o,u;r0Bop11T11;
a;Ha 3aKoHcKa • o6aBe3y ,u;a 113y3eTe 11 o6e36el'.)eHe y3opKe, Tparoae 11 cyMH,J1Be MaTe­
)e3 op;naraH>a p11je npe,u;a opraHy nocTynKa;
CaMOCTaJIHO • poK 3a no,u;HorueH,e Hana3a 11 Ml1llllbett,a;
eKcxyMau;J1je • o6aBe3y ,n;a HaJia3 J1 MJ1IIIJbeH,e ,JJ;OCTaBJ1 y ,ll;OBOlbHOM 6pojy npttMepa­
nau; J1JIJ1 cyp;, Ka 3a Cy)]; J1 CTpaHKe;
rnocTJ1 cyp;a.
• yno3opett,e ,n;a ':ltttt,eHJ1u;e Koje je ca3Hao np11nJ1KOM BeIIITaqett,a npe,n;­
e y CBOjCTBY
craBJbajy Tajtty;
raKa y p;aTOM
M ITOCTynKy, • yno3opett,e Ha nocnep;MQe ,u;aaaH,a Jia)KHOr HaJia3a l1 Ml1llllbeH,a ('!JI. 118).
Y 3aBJ1CHOCTJ1 0 Kojoj BpCTJ1 J1 CTeneHy CJIO)KeHOCTl1 aernTa':leH,a ce
;MeTJ1Ma H e­ paµ;M, op; nocTojaH,a cTaJIHO op;pel)eHJ1X aemTaKa K0,11; cy,u;a, Kao 11 op; no­
e no1mu;11ja, crojaH,a cTpyqHJ1X ycTaHOBa, rronJ1u;11ja he o,n;pe,n;J1TJ1 je,n;ttor J1Jil1 a11me
11X BeIIITaKa BeUITaKa, O,JJ;HOCHO op;roaapajyhy CTpyqtty ycTaHOBY p;a o6aBJ1 BeruTaqeH,e.
x o6JiaCTJ1. y TOM CMl1CJIY, Hajaehl1 6poj BelllTa':leH,a ITOJIJ1I.J;J1ja ITOBepaBa Hau;J10HaJI­
a 3HaH>a 113 HOM KpJ1MttHaJIJ1CTJ1':IKO-TexHJ11.J:KOM u;ettTpy (HKT�)281 y Eeorpa,n;y Kojl1
)Kyje non11- je µ;eo YrrpaBe KPJ1MJ1HaJIJ1CTJ1':IKe non11u;11je ));11peKu;uje rronuu;11je.
wnw ou;eHJ1 3aHJ1MlbJ1BO je l1CTahtt p;a je y npaKCJ1 611no rroKymaja ,n;a ce y cyp;cKOM
o 3aBprne- rrocTynKy ocnop11 HaJia3 l1 MJ11I1lbett,e aemTaKa caMo 3aTo mTo je rrocTy­
rrajyli11 aemTaK 6110 3anocneH y M11tt1t1cTapcTBy YHYTparntt,MX rrornoaa na
a aKO IIO­ je Ha OCHOBY Tora o,n;6paHa 3acTynana Te3y p;a BelllTaK HJ1je 6uo o6jeKTl1BaH,
Jll([ y3 o6a­ He Haao,n;ehl1 HJ1jep;aH p;pyr11 apryMeHT OCJ1M H,eroBor 3anoCJieH,a. IIo OBOM
syseTHo ce IIMTaH,y, BpxoBHJ1 Cy)]; Cp611je je 3ay3eo CTaB ,n;a caMa qJ1H>eH11u;a ,n;a je attra­
rynKa TOM )KOBaHJ1 cy,n;cKJ1 BewTaK CTaJIHO 3anorneH y MJ1HJ1CTapcTBy YHYTparutt,J1X
IIOCJIOBa He ,JJ;OBO,ll;J1 y cyMH>Y o6jeKTJ1BHOCT H>eroBor BelllTaqeH,a. 282
KHOCTJ1 Op; 281 Y 0Kawpy HKTU: ce IA3Aaajajy: OAceK 3a cyACK0-MCAm.v1ttcKa IA 61Ao11ou1Ka aeuJTa'lett,a,
rrn 6paHJ1- O11e/bCH,C 3a BCUITa'!CH,a (y 0KBIAPY 0B0r 0AC/bCtba cy: OACCK 11a6opaTOp1Aja 3a cp1A3JA'IKOXCMIAjCKa IA
:Tpa)KHOM T0KCIAK0/I0UJKa BCUITa'!Clba, OACCK na6opa-rop1,1ja 3a <p1A31A'1Ka BCUITa'ICH,a, OACCK 3a perncTpau1,1jy
;i H/ICHTIA<pJAKaunjy /IIAUa 1,1 HH neUieaa nyTeM AFIS/FIS .1,1 <poTo-po6oTa 1,1 fpyna 3a K0MnneKctty
ettoj ,n;y)K­ attan1,13y ay.t11Ao-3an1Aca), OAelbeH,e 3a ,[(HK attaJIIA3Y .1,1 Bol)ett,e 6a3e .[(HK npo<pnna, OACeK
n;a ce o6a- KTU: y HJAUIY, OAceK KTL( y HoaoM CaAy, fpyna 3a <pOTO 1,1 BMAC0 TeXHl1KY, noc11oen K0HTpone
KBaJIJATeTa, o6yKe, yHanpel)e1-ba IA K00pAIAHaUJAja paAa KpMMl1Ha/llACTl-1'1Ke TCXHl1Ke, Kao l1 TToc/lOBIA
apwetba ye1Al)aja.
282 TTpecyAa Bpxoettor cyAa Cp6nje, 10K.6p. I 508/2005 0A 26. Maja 2006. r0AMHe.
npaBo TipeTXO}".\HM nocTynaK 217

me 11031,rny 11 Bewra'Ielba l1 11MeH0Balby BenITaKa. 284 MMlllJbelbe BelllTaKa je Ml1lllJbeH>e

ce ,a;aT11 poK ,a;o Kojer je BelllTaK ,a;olllao nocrre J113BecH11x ca3HaH>a ocTBapeHJIIM eKcrrepT­
·11 o,a; cTpaHe CKMM l1CTpa)l(J1BaH>eM, O,ll;HOCHO Ml1lllJbelbe Kao cyM11palbe pe3yrrTaTa TJIIX
ucrpa)KJ1BaH>a J11 Kao 3aKJbyq11Balbe 36or qera Hana3 11 Ml1lllJbelhe q11He
:!TKa BeUITa­ JJOrM'IKY 11 <paKTJ1'IKY u;enMHY, Ha OCHOBY qera ce J11 onpaB,n;aBa ynoTpe6a
ilbe mUKHOr uspasa ,,3aKJbyqaK BenITaKa". 285 Meljyn1M, 6e3 06s11pa Ha ,n;oKa3HY cHary
ra ,a;a rrpep;­ BewraKoBor HaJia3a 11 Ml1lllJbeH,a, cy,n; H11je Be3aH 11cKa3oM BelllTaKa, Beh J11
llITO 3ana311 BernraKOB Hana3 11 Ml1lllJbeH>e no,n;Jie)l(y cno6o,n;HOM cy,n;MjCKOM yBepelby,
a,a;y ca rrpa­ rra qaK cy,n; MO)Ke M ,n;a ra He npJ11XBaT11, o,a;HOCHO ,n;a ra He YBa)KJ1 Kao ,n;o­
Ka PYKOB0- Kas y o,a;Hocy Ha HeKy 6MTHY qJ11H:,eHJ11D;y. Be3 ofo11pa Ha TO lllTO IlOJil1-
1Tp11T11, rro­ I..\Mja He pacrroJia)l(e o,n;roBapajyh11M cTpyqH11M 3HaH>eM, na je l1 Tpa)l(J11J1a
·ne,a;y ,n;aTor o6aBJbalbe BelllTa'IeH>a Jll lllTO cy,n; KOjl1 pa3MaTpa Harra3 JII Ml1IlIJbeH>e Belll­
)e6Ho ,n;a ce TKa TaKolje He pacnoJia)Ke Il0Tpe6Hl1M q>OH,ll;OM TaKBOr 3HaH>a, OH 11naK
:TaBJ1TJ1 Ha H Mje Be3aH J1CKa30M BelllTaKa HJIITJII ra MOpa np11XBaTJ1TJII.
Oj KOJIJ1qJ1 - Ha Kpajy pa3MaTpalba o BeuJTaqeH>y Kao ,n;oKa3HOj pa,n;H>JII Kojy MO)Ke
ie, BeunaK Hape,a;MTM J11 non11u;J11ja y npe,a;11cTpa)KHOM nocTynKy, 3Ha'IajHo je YKa­
• ,a;orryttcKa sarM Ha je,n;Hy H0Bl1HY Kojy ,ll;OHOCl1 HOBl1 3KIT, a TO je ycTaHOBa CTpyq­
e,a;Jia)l(e ,n;a HOf caBeTHl1Ka. HaJ11Me, je,n;Ha op; rrraBHIDC KapaKTepl1CTMKa ,a;oca,a;arnlher
o,a; Ba)l(Ho­ Kpl1BJ1qHor npou;eCHor 3aKOHO,D;aBCTBa y Cp6l1jl1 Ka,n;a je y IlJ1Talby BellJ­
KOHCTPYK­ T a'Ielbe ome,n;ana ce y TOMe ,a;a je BernTaqeH>e YBeK Hape1)11Bao ,n;p)KaBHJ1
e pa3jactte opraH (Hajqernhe cy,a;, an11 l1 noJIJ1D;J11ja) 11 y cy,n;cKoM noCTynKy cy ce Kao
o,a;peljetta ,a;oKas np11XBaTaJIJ1 caMo pe3yJITaTl1 TaKo cnpoBe,n;eHor BenJTaqeJba. ,D;py­
rMM pe'IJ1Ma, o,n;6patta Hl1je J1Mana MoryhHOCTJII ,n;a aHra)l(yje CBor BellJTaKa
,a;aBalbeM l13 l1CTe CTpyKe KOjM 611 ca CBOjl1M HaJia30M J1 MJlllllJbeH>eM ycrreo ,n;a Hernpa
,,a; 3Haqaja H ana3 l1 MJllrnJbeH,e BernTaKa attra)KOBaHor o,n; CTpatte cy)],a. ITyTeM ycTatto­
�l1CTpcDK­ Be cTpyqHor caBeTH11Ka rnMpe ce npaBa o,n;6patte t1 TO Ha crre,n;eh11 Haqt1H.
Je,D;y311Ma Hajnpe, cTpyqHM caBeTHl1K je ,rnu;e Koje pacnona)l(e CTPY'JHl1M 3HalbeM
m cyMJbe us 06rracTJ1 y Kojoj je o,n;pel)eHo BernTaqeH>e 11 cTpaHKa MO)Ke 113a6paT11 l1
llJ;. OBl1M II)'HOMOhjeM OBJiaCTJ-1TJ1 CTpyqHor caBeTHJ1Ka Ka,a;a opraH noCTynKa o,n;pe­
"CJI0Bl1 3a J];M BernTaqett,e. ,D;aKrre, 'Il1M opraH nocTynKa o,n;pe,a;11 BelllTaqeJbe, cTpaHKa
a p;pyroj MO)Ke ,a;a 113a6epe cBor cTpyqHor caBeTHJ1Ka Koj11 l1Ma o,n;pel)eHa npaBa 11
CHl1 3Ha­ ,a;y)KHOCTJ1.
,!l;OKa3He y TOM CMl1CJIY, CTpyqHM caBeTHJ1K J1Ma npaBO ,n;a 6y,a;e o6aBernTeH 0
iM Morrre ,a;aHy, qacy l1 MecTy BernrnqeJba l1 p;a np11cycTByje Bernrnqett,y KojeM 11Majy
npaBo ,n;a np11cycTByjy 0KpJ1BJbeHJ1 l1 H>eroB 6paH11nau;, ,n;a y TOKY BelllTa­
-y rro,rn­ qett,a npeme,n;a cn11ce l1 npe,n;MeT BellJTa'IeH>a 11 npe,n;ncDKe BelllTaKy npe­
raqeJba, ,n;ys11MaH>e o,n;peljeHJ1X pa,n;H>J1, ,a;a ,a;aje np11Me,n;6e Ha Hana3 l1 Ml1llJJbeH>e
CTaBJba
QMBalby 284 CTesaHOBMn, '-I., 1)yplj11h, B. (1998). KpuButtHO npoi,iecHo npaBo - cy6jeKmu u paofbe, CKQ,
H11W, CTp.258.
285 C0Kos11h, C. (1997). Beiuma'lefbe Kao ooKa3 y KPUBU'!HOM nocmynKy, TipasH11 cpaKynTeT,
Kparyjesa�. CTp. 222.
'iO npaBo IlpeTXOAHvl nocTynaK 219

aKy 11 p;a 6yp;e sy HCKa3a CBep;oKa J1 OKpHBJbeHor, Hap0'IJ1TO Kap;a ce TH J1CKa3l1 pa3JIJ1Kyjy
o, cTp)"-IHH ca­ y rrornep;y nojep;HHJ1X pap;H,l1 J1JIJ1 CHTyau;Hja, TaKO IllTO be ce peKOHCTpyK-
atty IlOCTyrrKa, 1..\Hja, no npaBHJIY, apI1IHTJ1 noce6tto ca caaKHM op; H,HX ('In. 137, CT. 1).
!HO, p;a He 3JIO­ AttaJIJ13J1pajyn11 HaBep;eHy 3aKottcKy op;pep;6y MO)Ke ce 3aKJb)"-Il1Tl1 p;a
'UI. 126, CT. 3). ce npl1JIJ1KOM Bplllelba peKOHCTp)'Ku;Hje, pap;lbe J1 CJIITyau;Hje IlOHaBJbajy
BJbeHH) CTeK­ y BeIIITatJKJ1 CTBOpeHHM ycJIOBJ1Ma KOjH Tpe6a IllTO BHille p;a op;roaapajy
eKO CTp)"-IHOr ycnoB11Ma nop; Koj11Ma ce op;11rpao Kp11BJ1tJHJ1 p;oral)aj. Koj11 cy TO ycno­
eH>a, Kao 11 p;a BH, opraH rrocTynKa 3aKJb)"-Iyje Ha OCHOBY CBJ1X J13Bep;eHJ1X p;oKa3a, Tj. 3a-
noCTyrrKa. 11J1CHJ1Ka O YBJ11)ajy, cpoTo-p;oKyMeHTau;Hje, l13pal)eHl1X CKJ1u;a, J13BpllleHor
BelllTatJelba HT,!J;., C Tl1M IllTO 3aKOHJ1K rroce6Ho HaBO,!l;J1 J1CKa3e CBe,n;oKa
H oKpHBJbettor JIHu;a. J1p;eHTM'lHOCT ycnoaa nop;pa3yMeBa p;a ce peKOH­
cTpYKu;Hja Bpum Ha MecTy rp;e ce op;Hrpao Kpl1Bl1'1Hl1 p;oral)aj, rrop; l1CTHM
vrna p;oKa3Ha speMeHCKJ1M ycJIOBJ1Ma YKOJIHKO je TO Moryne, Y3 npHcycTBO l1CTJ1X JIHu;a
:a 3KII/2001. (oKpHBJbeHor, OlllTeneHor, caep;oKa) 11 y3 ynoTpe6y HCTHX cpep;cTaBa l13-
:OHCTp)'Kll;l1ja spllleH>a Kpl1Bl1'1Hor p;ena.
BJba noce6Hy
Pap;H>e Koje ce cnpoBop;e y TOKY peKOHCTp)'Ku;Hje Mory 611TH cnpoaep;e­
He y TIOTTIYH0CTJ1 Jl[JIJ1 p;eJIJ1MJ1':lHO, Mory ce, no IIOTpe6l1, II0HOBO J13BeCTJ1
DCTynKa Kap;a nojep;J1HJ1 p;oKa3J1 ('Ill. 137, CT. 3), IllTO orreT 3aBJ1CJ1 op; CBaKe KOHKpeTHe
vmBp�uaa1ba rnryau;Hje, C TJ1M p;a ce peKOHCTpyKu;J1ja He MO)Ke crrpoBeCTJ1 Ha Ha'IJ1H
;mBapu. Kao KOjH Bpel)a jaBHJ1 pep; J1 MOpan J1JIJ1 ce ,!J;OBOp;e y orraCHOCT )KJ1BOT Jl[JIJ1
BO,!J;J1 113 p;Ba 3p;paBJbe lb yp;11 ( tJJI. 137, CT. 2).
ap;H yTBp1)11-
: CTBapl1. OpraH KOjl1 Bpllll1 peKOHCTpyKu;Hjy J1Ma rrpaBO Kao J1 KOp; YBHl)aja p;a
3arpa)KJ1 rroMon cTp)"-IHOr n11u;a cpopeH3l1'IKe, cao6panajtte, Mep;11u;J1HCKe
rnTalbe Koj11 HJIJ1 p;pyre cTpyKe. Pap;H ce, p;aKJie, o rrpMcycTBy cTp)"-IHOr m1u;a np11n11-
�e, Tj. KaKBa KOM BpllleH,a peKOHCTpyKu;Hje JI[ lberoB rrpaBHJ1 IIOJIO)Kaj je l1p;eHTJ1'IaH
'Hp;y Ben CBe Kao 11 Kop; npep;y3HMaH>a YBHl)aja. TaKol)e, opraH nocTynKa MO)Ke no3BaTl1
TI, MO)Ke ce Ha peKOHCTpyKu;Hjy J1 BellITaKa op;roBapajyne CTpyKe, YKOJIJ1KO ou;eHJ1 p;a
y ttapep;11TJ1 6H H>eroao rrp11cycTBO 611no op; KOpl1CTl1 3a p;aBalbe HaJia3a l1 Ml1llIJbelba.
!Of Kpl1BJ1:':l­
ll;Hje Op;Max Haj3ap;, IIOJIJ1u;11ja rrpy)Ka J1 ,n;pyre Bl1,D;OBe IlOMOfll1 rrpl1JIJ1KOM BprneH>a
HCTp)'Kll;l1j a peKOHCTp)'Ku;Hje l1 Haj'Ielllfll1 06n11u;11 TaKBe IIOMOflJ1 cy: o6e36el)eH>e Me­
anH He rro­ era BprneH,a peK0HcTpyKu;11je, orpaHJ1'leH>e KpeTaH>a Ha op;pel)eHoM npo­
ep;H peK0H­ c ropy 3a Heorrxo,n;Ho BpeMe, rrpv16aBJbaH>e r10Tpe6HJ1X no,n;aTaKa l13 Ka3He­
HHX eBJ1p;ettu;J1ja 11 p;pyrl1x eB11,n;ettu;11ja opraHa yttyTpaI1IH>l1X rrocnoBa, yT­
�a. BpQHBalbe J1CTOBeTHOCTJ1 OlllTehettor J1 ,n;pyrMX JIJ1u;a, peaJIJ130Balbe Mepe
tJ1TJ1 pap;H>e no3HBalba 11 l13Bplllelbe Hape,n;6e o p;oBol)eH>y 11 p;pyro. TaKol)e, y oBe p;pyre
1 p;oKa311Ma BHp;OBe IIOM0fll1 Koje rrpy)Ka IIOJIJ1D;l1ja, a KOje He 3axTeBajy CTp)"-IHO 3Halbe,
J1 no OCH0- cnap;a rrpy)Kalbe 'IHCTO TeXHH'IKe rr0Moh11, Kao IllTO je yrroTpe6a xen11Kon­
repa, cneu;11jaJIHJ1X B03HJia, nnoBHHX o6jeKaTa, pecpneKTopa 11 p;pyro. 287
>11ecHor npaBa
1oce6Ha Bpcrn
eHWX AOKa3a,
287 Mwnoweawn, M., Kecwn, T. (2009). Opus citatum, CTp. 142.
 TipeTXO,Il;H.11 noCTynaK 223

caCJZyiua1-ba Mopa 6umu yno3Ham jecy cneoena: npBo, Ha je3HKY KOjH pa-
3}'Me Mopa p;a 6yp;e o6aBernTeH o p;eny Koje MY ce CTaBJba Ha TepeT, o npH­
pop;J.1 J.1 pa3JI03HMa orITy)K6e, Kao H p;a CBe llITO H3jaBH MO)Ke p;a 6yp;e KO­
piunhetto Kao p;oKa3 y nocTynKy. ,Upyro, p;a HMa npaBo p;a HMIIITa He H3ja­
BJ.1, p;a yCKpaTH op;roBop Ha nojep;MHO nHTaH>e, p;a cno6op;Ho J.13Hece CBojy
op;6patty, Kao J.1 p;a npH3Ha J1JIJ1 He npM3Ha Kpl1BHQy. Tpehe, HMa npaBo p;a
ce 6paHJ.1 caM J1JIJ1 Y3 CTp)7':IHY IlOMOil 6paHJ10Qa KOjH MO)Ke npHcycTBOBa­
rn H>eroBOM cacnyrnaH>y. M qeTBpTo, OCJMH>J.1qeH11 J1Ma npaBo p;a Heno­
cpep;Ho npe npBor cacnyrnafba npoqJ.1Ta KpJ1BJ1qHy npMjaBy, 3anJ.1CHJ.1K o
y1ml'.)ajy J.1 Hana311 MJ1IIIJbeH>e BeIIITaKa.
C ofo11poM Ha TO p;a cy y qn. 68 3KI1 cap;p)KaHa CBa npaBa Koja npH­
rrap;ajy oKpHBJbeHOM JIHQY, Ba)KHO je HarnacJl[TJ1 p;a ce npe npBor cacny­
rnaH>a ocyMfbJl[qeHH (oKpJl[BJbeHJI[) yno3Haje caMo ca Hanpep; HaBep;eHHM
rrpaBHMa. HeMa noTpe6e p;a ce 3an11cHJ.1K o cacnyrnaH>y ocyMfbJl[qeHor
omepehyje CBHM npaBJl[Ma Koja Tpe6a p;a 6y.n;y ocTBapeHa TOKOM Qenor
Kp11BJ1qHor IlOCTynKa J1 0 qJ1joj 3aIIITJ1TJI[ he KaCHJl[je 6pMHYTJI[ cy.n;. ,UaKJie,
p;a 611 3anJ1CHJ1K o cacnyIIIafby ocyMfbJ1qeHor 6Jl[o p;oKa3HO Ba,rnp;aH, p;o­
BOJbHO je p;a je ocyMH>J1qeHJI[ yno3HaT ca npeTXO,D;HO HaBep;eHJl[M npaBHMa.
CaMo cacnyrnaH>e ocyMH>J1qeHor o6aBJba ce ycMeHo JI[ y3 nytto noIIITO­
BaI-be H>eroBe JIJ1qHOCTJ1, TaKo .n;a ocyMfbJl[qeHJ.1 MO)Ke p;a ce HecMeTaHo
l13jaCHJ1 0 CBJ1M OKOJIHOCTJ1Ma Koje ra TepeTe J1 .n;a J13Hece CBe qm-1,eHJl[Qe
Koje 11p;y y np11nor fheroBoj op;6paHJ1, c THM p;a TOKOM cacnyrnaaa J.1Ma npa­
BO p;a KopHCTJI[ cBoje 6errernKe. YKOJIHKO je noTpe6Ho p;a ce pa3jacHe noje­
p;11tte ttejacHohe Jl[3 HCKa3a OCJMH>Jl[qeHor, nocTaBHne MY ce op;roBapajyha
I1Ji1TaH>a. I1HTal-ba ce MOpajy IlOCTaBJbaTJ1 jacHO, pa3yMJbJ.1B0 H o.n;pel'.)eHO,
TaKo p;a HX ocyMli>J1qeHJI[ MO)Ke pa3yMeTH, a TOKOM cacrryrnali>a ce He cMe
ITOJia3J1TJ1 op; npeTITOCTaBKe p;a je OCYMli>HqeHH npH3HaO HeKe qJilH,eHHQe
Koje CTBapHo HHje np113Hao, HJ.1TH MY ce Mory IlOCTaBJbaTJ1 IlHTaH>a KOja
yce611 ttenocpep;Ho ca.n;p)Ke o.n;roBop mrn .n;eo op;roBopa (qrr. 86, CT. 1-3).
ToKOM TpajaH>a KpMBJ1qHQf nocTynKa Moryhe je p;a ce Jl[CKa3H OKpHBJbe­
HOf JIJ.1Qa Mel'.)yco6tto pa3JIHKyjy. TaKo je Ha npHMep Moryhe p;a je OCJMli>H­
'lett11 y npep;Jl[CTpa)KHOM nocTynKy noJIJ.1QJ1[jJ.1 p;ao l1CKa3, nop; ttanpep; HaBe­
p;ett11M ycnoBHMa, p;a 6M KaCHHje y J1CTpa3J1 jaBHOM TY)KJ.10QY p;ao p;pyraqJl[jJ1
li1CKa3 Jl[JIJ1 eBettTyarrtto Ha rnaBHOM npeTpecy npep; cyp;oM ocnopHo CBoj pa­
HJiljJI[ HCKa3. Y CBaKoM cnyqajy, aKo je cacrryrnali>e ocyMH>Jl[qeHor o6aBJbeHo
)' CKJiap;y ca npeTXO,D;HO yTBpl'.)eHHM npaBHJIJ1Ma, a KaCHHjH Jl[CKa3J1 ce pa3-
speMeHa 11 MOrynHOCT1'1 3a np1,tnpeMa1-1,e OA6paHe; Aa pa3MaTpa cnl'1ce 11 pa3rneAa npeAMeTe KOj1'1
rny)l(e Kao AOKa3; Aa np1'1KYTITba AOKa3e 3a csojy OA6patty; Aa ce l13jacHl1 o CBl1M '!1'1fueHl'1l\aMa l1
AOKa3l1Ma KOjJ,1 ra TepeTe l'1 Aa l13HOCl'1 '!1'1tbeHl'1l\e l1 AOKa3e y csojy K0p1'1CT, Aa 1'1CTTl'1TYje CBeAOKe
OnTy)l(6e l'1 3aJCTeBa Aa ce, TTOA l1CT1.'!M ycnOB1.'!Ma Kao CBeAOI.\1.'1 OnTy)K6e, y 1-1,erOBOM np1.1cycrny
1,icn1,trnjy cseAOI.\1'1 OA6paHe; Aa Kop1,1cT11 npaBHa cpeACTBa 11 npasHe neKoae; Aa npeAy3wMa APYTe
paAlne KaAa je TO OApeljeHo 3aKOH1.'!KOM.
04eCHo npaao
Be cBoje rrpM3HaH>e,
aimo je p;ao pa3JIJ1-
86, CT. 4).
Ba ycMeHo, an11 je
B - rrocTaBJ1he MY
Ifie ce p;a rr11cMeHo
n1KOM cacnymaH>a
r MaTep11jana. YKo-
06aBJ1TJ1 pa3rOBOp
PJ:eHJ1M MO)Ke CITO-
rrpM3Ha J13BprneH>e
ia p;aJbe rrp11Kyrrlba
J1 OCHOBaHa cyMH>a
rrpoTMBpe,rno J1JIJ1
tUI. 88).
6J10 p;oKa3, rropep;
:nyrnaH>e 06aBJ1TJ1
r, rrpeMa ocyMH>J1-
J1 ITOHJ1)KaBajyhe
1lJOa, 06MaHa, Me­
Ha rno6op;y BOJbe
)JIJ1KO ce IIOCTyrrJ1
1 J1CKa3y ocyMH>M-
HHK o cacnyrnaH>y
nyCTpaQ11je pap;J1,
w;11je 3a 3allITMTY
1 0I1J1CaHo p;a HJ1KO
1 110HJ1)KaBajyneM
(Jiap;y ca OIIllITJ1M
matt,a rrpoQeCHMX
J1JIO p;a 3aIIJ1CHJ1K
;tt,y Ka3yje rnacHo
:e y 06n11Ky rrp11-
a J1 M3jaBa, a rr11-
pa3yMe op;roBop.
rnaBa p;o3BOJIJ1 p;a
1ajy 3noyrroTpe6e,
1pyrnM Mel)yttapo,uH11M
:Tp. 59-61.
flpeTXO;z:J;HM nocTynaK 225
0Ba MoryhHocT 6J1TJ1 ycKpaheHa. BeoMa je Ba)KHO p;a ce 3aITJ1CHJ1K BO,!J;J1
ypep;Ho 11 p;a ce y H>eMy He cMe HJ1llITa 6p11caT11, p;op;aBaT11 J1JIJ1 MeH>aTJ1.
CBa rrpe11HaqeH>a, 11crrpaBKe 11 p;op;aQJ1 yHoce ce Ha Kpajy 3anJ1CHJ1Ka 11 MO­
pajy 6HTJ1 OBepeHJ1 op; CTpaHe 7IJ1Qa Koja ITOTITJ1cyjy 3aIIJ1CHJ1K.
06aBe3a OBJiaurheHor cJiy)K6eHor JIJ1Qa rron11Q11je jeCTe p;a ocyMH>11qe­
Hor J1 H>eroBor 6paHHOQa yrro3op11 Ha rrpaBo p;a npotJ:11Tajy 3arr11cH11K 11n11
,qa 3axTeBajy p;a J1M ce rrpOtJ:J1Ta, a y 3aIIJ1CHMKY he ce KOHCTaTOBaTJ1 p;a JIM
je yrro3opeH>e yq11H>eHo 11 p;a n11 je 3arr11CHJ1K npotJ:11TaH. OcyMH>J1tJ:eH11 noT-
1m:cyje 3anJ1CHJ1K, a aKo ce 3arnrcH11K cacToj11 op; B11ure JIMCTOBa, nOTrr11cyje
CBaKH JIJ1CT. AKo OCYMH>J1qeHJ1 o,n;611je p;a nOTn11ure 3arr11cHMK, TO je Hy)l(Ho
3a6eJie)KJ1TJ1 y 3an11cH11Ky 11 HaBeurhe ce pa3nor op;611jaH>a.
Ha OBOM MeCTY je Ba)KHO JKa3aTJ1 Ha jour jep;Hy 3aKOHCKY op;pep;6y Koja
ce O,!J;HOCM Ha ,!J;OKYMeHTOBaH>e rrpoQeCHJ1X pap;H>J1, a TO je p;a opraH IlOCTyrr­
Ka MO)Ke op;pep;J1TJ1 p;a ce M3BoljeH>e p;oKa3He MJIM p;pyre pap;H>e CHMMM no­
Mohy ypel)aja 3a TOHCKO MJIM onTMtJ:Ko CHJ1MaH>e, c muM oa ce cacnyutaHJe
oKpUBlbeHoz y nocmynu,uMa y KojuMa nocmyna jaBHO myJKunautmBo noce6-
He HaoneJICHOCmu o6aae31l0 moHCKU CHUMa (tJ:lI. 236, CT. 1). ,D,aKJie, YKOJIJ1KO
OBJiaIIIheHa CJiy)K6eHa nm.i;a rron11Q11je Bprne cacnyrnaH>e ocyMH>MtJ:eHor 3a
HeKo op; Kpl1BJ1tJ:HJ1X p;ena y KOjJ1Ma IlOCTyna jaBHO TY)KJ1JiallITBO rroce6He
Hap;Jie)KHOCTJ1 (KpJ1BJ1tJ:Ha p;ena opraHJ13OBaHor KpJ1MJ1HaJia, opy)KaHe no-
6ytte, Tepopl13Ma J1Tp;.), IIOCTojahe o6aBe3a p;a ce TaKBO caCJIYIIIaH>e TOHCKJ1
CHJ1MJ1. HapaBHO p;a HMje J1CKJbyqeHo J1 BJ1p;eO-CHJ1MaH>e cacnyrnaH>a J1 qecTo
ne ce J1CTOBpeMeHo rrpep;y3eTJ1 J1 TOHCKO J1 BJ1p;eo CHJ1MaH>e, aJIJ1 3aKOHJ1K
rrponMcyje p;a je y OBaKBJ1M cr,nyaQMjaMa caMO TOHCKO CHJ1MaH>e o6aBe3HO.
8. IlpH6aB7I>alhe HcrrpaBe
,D,oKa311BaH>e 11crrpaBOM p;o cap;a y HaureM Kp11BJ1tJ:HonpoQeCHOM 3aKo­
Hop;aBCTBY H11je 611no npep;B11ljeHo Kao rroce6Ho p;oKa3HO cpep;cT.So JtiaKo je
cTaB 11 Teop11je 11 rrpaKce p;a OHO TO p;eqmHJ1TJ1BHo jecTe. HoBJ1 3KII 113p11-
'IJ1TO HaBO,IJ;J1 ,D;OKa3J1BaH>e 11crrpaBOM Kao CaMOCTaJIHY ,!J;OKa3HY pap;H>y.
Hajrrpe je rroTpe6Ho op;pep;J1TJ1 IIITa ce rrop;pa3yMeBa rrop; rrojMoM 11c­
rrpaBe, KaKo 611 ce Morna p;eqnrn11caTJ1 op;pel)eHa npaBMJia p;oKa311BaH>a
rryTeM OBe p;oKa3He pap;H>e. He yna3eh11 y Teop11jcKa pa3MaTpaH>a o OBOM
rrojMy, Ha OBOM MeCTy heMo HaBeCTJ1 p;eqmHJ1QJ1jy Kojy p;aje 3KII 11 rrpeMa
Kojoj ce noo ucnpaBoM noopa3yMeBa rnaK11 rrpep;MeT 11n11 paqyHapcKM no­
p;arnK Koj11 je rrop;o6aH 11n11 op;peljeH p;a cny)KM Kao p;oKa3 tJ:J1H>eHJ1Qe Koja
ce yTBpljyje y rrocTyrrKy ('!JI. 2, CT. 1, T. 26). CJIJ1qHa p;ecp11HJ1QJ1ja IIOCTOjJ1
J1 y Kp11BJ1tJ:HOM 3aKOHMKY Peny6n11Ke Cp611je, rp;e y qn. 112, CT. 26 crnj11
p;a ce rrop; 11cnpaBoM cMaTpa cBaKJ1 rrpep;MeT Koj11 je nop;o6aH J1JIJ1 op;-
o npaao IIpeTxo,z:r;m-1 noCTyrraK 229
nKa, OP,HOCHO Ilope,n; OBIDC rrpaBa Koja rrpHrra,n;ajy caMo yxarrrnettoM m1u;y, yxamneHJ.1
rnor KpJ1BJ1'-l­ Mopa 6J1TJ1 yrro3HaT J1 ca rrpaBJ1Ma Koja J.rnaqe rrpHrra,n;ajy CBaKOM 0C}'MlbH­
:1. HeKO lIJ1n;e y '-IettoM lIHIJ;y. y TOM CMHCJIY, yxarrrneHJ1 MOpa 6J1TJ1 yrro3HaT ca rrpaBOM ,n;a
jep,aH o,n; cne- HHlllTa He H3jaBH J11IJ.1 ,n;a ycKpaTJ.1 o,n;roBop Ha rroje,n;HHO IIJ1Talbe J.11IJ1 ,n;a
rno6o,n;tto J.13Hece CBojy o,n;6paHy 1,1711,1 ,n;a rrpH3Ha J.11IJ1 He rrpH3Ha Kp1,1a1,1u;y.
�BeTHOCT J.1JU1 TaKol)e, yxarrrneHJ.1 J.1Ma rrpaao ,n;a ce 6paHJ1 caM MlIH y3 CTPYtJHY rroMoh 6pa­
�KCTBa; HHou;a Koj11 J1Ma rrpaao ,n;a rrp11cycTByje lberoBOM cacnyrnalhy. J1cTO TaKO,
caKpHTJ1, J.13- yxamneHo n11u;e J1Ma rrpaao ,n;a Herrocpe,n;Ho rrpe rrpaor cacrryrnalba rrpotJJ1Ta
liOf ,n;ena HlIH Kpl1BJ1'itty npHjaay, 3aIIJ1CHJ1K O ya111)ajy J1 HaJia3 J1 MJ11llJbelbe BelllTaKa.
rnni;albeM Ha Ilope,n; 3aKOHCKJ1X OCHOBa 3a IIOlIJ1ll;J1jCKO xarrrneH,e, Kao J1 rrpaBa KOja
rrp1,1rra,n;ajy yxarrrneHoM rrHu;y, 3HatJajHo je yKa3aTJ1 Ha 06aae3e oarrarnheHHX
HCKOM rrepH- rny)K6eHIDC nmi;a rron11u;11je Ka ,n;a je y IIJ1TaH,y rrocTyrralbe ca yxarrrneHJ1M
HBM'-IHO ,n;eno n1,1u;eM. OcHOBHO je rrpaa11no p,a yxarrrneHo JIHu;e Mopa 6J.1TJ1 crrpoae,n;eHo
Ha,n;Jie)KHOM jaBHOM TY)KJ10u;y J1 TO 6e3 o,n;naralba J.17IJ1 y poKy o,n; HajBJ11lle
8 caTJ1, paqyttajyhH o,n; MOMeHTa xanrneH,a. TaKol)e, oanarnheHo crry)K6etto
nrncatta Ka3-
1rnu;e rron11u;1,1je J1Ma 06aae3y p,a rrp111IJ1KOM ,n;oaol)eH,a yxarrrneHor nHu;a,
' 5 ro,n;Htta 3a
jaBHOM TY)KJ1ou;y rrpe,n;a U3Bewmaj o pa3JI03HMa 11 apeMeHy xarrrneH>a.
a mrn Te)KM­
BH0CTH KOje Me1)yn1M, aKo je 36or HeOTKJIOlhHBIDC cMen1>J.1 crrpoaol)eH,e Tpajano
nocTyrrKa. p,�e o,n; 8 can1, rronJ1n;J.1ja je ,n;y)I(Ha ,n;a TaKBO KalllH,eH,e jaBHOM TY)KHOIJ;Y
rroce6Ho o6pa3JIO)KJ1. JaBHJ1 TY)KHJiau; he o TOMe catJJ1HJ1TJ1 cJiy)K6eHy 6e-
IX ycnoBa, y3
11elllKY y Kojy he ytteTJ1 J1 J13jaay yxarrllleHor o apeMeHy H MecTy xarrllleH,a
•Batte cyMH>e
('-Ill. 291, CT. 3). Y CBaKOM cnyqajy, Ha OBOM MecTy ce IIOCTaBJba IlJ1TaH>e lllTa
))Ke yxarrcM-
ce CBe M0)Ke CMaTpaTJ.1 He0TK7I0l-bJ1BJ.1M CMeTlhaMa. IlHTalbe II0CTOjaH,a He­
lKaB cpopMa-
OTK7I0H,J.1BJ1X CMeTlbJ.1 360r KOjHX HJ1je 6J11IO Moryhe yxarrrneH0 7IJ1IJ;e crrpo­
aecrn jaBHOM TY)KJ.10u;y HJ.1 y poKy o,n; 8 caTJ.1 jecTe cpaKTJiltJKO IIJ.1Ta1-1>e. Mel)y­
Ha ocyMlbJ1- THM, J.1 rrope,n; Tora, HeOTKlIOlbJIIBe CMeTH,e 3a crrpoaol)eH,e jaBHOM TY)Kl10IJ;Y
CT. 1 3Kll M Tpe6a yaeK ,n;a 6yp,y 06jeKTJ1BHO TaKBe ,n;a cy 61,1ne BaH MODH noJIHIJ;Hje ,n;a IDC
OTK7I0HJ1, O)J,HOCHO 1,136ertte (Hrrp. CMeTlbe y cao6pahajy, tty)KHOCT XHTH0f
y xanrnelba; npy)Kalba JieKapcKe IIOMOilJ.1 yxanllleH0M JIHIJ;Y J1 CJI.), 296 a TOMe ce MO)Ke ,n;o­
6aBJ1TJ.1 no­ p;aTJ1 J1 KBap Ha B03MJIY, rroKyrnaj 6eKCTBa cnpoae,n;eHor JIMIJ;a M ,n;p.
a He J1 crry- Haj3a,n;, y rrorne,n;y rrocTyrralba ca yxarrrneHJ1M n11u;eM, 3HatJajHo je 11c­
rahM ,n;a YK0JIJ1K0 je yxarrllleH 6e3 o,n;nyKe cy,n;a oH,n;a Mopa, 6e3 o,n;rraralba,
eH HeK0 op, a ttajKacHHje y poKy o,n; 48 caTJ.1 6J.1TJ.1 rrpe,n;aT Ha,n;Jie)KH0M cy,n;11jJ.1 3a rrpeT­
,0 J1 )J,J1IIJIO­ xo,n;HM II0CTyrraK, a y rrp0TJ.1BHOM ce rryrnTa Ha cno6o,n;y (tJJI. 69, CT. 2).
lJ1H, 0P,HOC- ,ll;aKne, rron11n;Mja y poKy o,n; 8 qacoaa o,n; M0MeHTa xarrrneH,a crrpoao,n;H
OilpaBHOf yxamneHo m1u;e jaBHOM Ty)K11ou;y KOjM y npeocTaJioM poKy ,n;o 48 caTJ1
aHCTBa; rpe6a ,n;a 06aBJ.1 H,eroao cacnyrnaH>e J.1 o,n;nyqH ,n;a n11 he ra rrycTJ.1TJ.1 Ha rno-
6op;Ho H3a­ 60,n;y J1JI11 rrpe,n;aTJ.1 Ha).].Jie)KHOM cy).].11j11 3a npeTxo,n;HH rrocTyrraK ca rrpe,n;­
KHnau;, op,- noroM 3a o,n;pel)HBaH,e rrpHTBopa.

296 EejaTOBMh, C. (2003). Opus citatum, cTp. 452.

cHo npaao ITpeTxo,n;HH nocTyrraK 231

KO m1u;e yx:arrc:n ,[la cnpoBep;e 3a,n;p)KaBaH>e ocyMH>:nqeHor rr11u;a, Ben je To jaBHl1 TY)KMJiau;.
)aHcKo xamrreH>e <l>aKTJ1qKJ1, jaBHJ1 TY)KJ1Jiau; je Hap;Jie)KaH ,n;p)KaBHJ1 opraH KOjJ1 MO)Ke 3a,n;p­
J13BpIIIeI-by Kpl1- )l(aTJ1 ocyMJ-bJ1qeHO JIJ1u;e AO 48 caT:n, C TJ1M ,n;a O 3a,n;p)KaBaH>y Mopa ,ll;OHeTJ1
�, CT. 1). Yxarnne- perneI-he. Me�yTMM, :n3y3eTHO, jaBHM TY)KMJiau; MO)Ke o,n;o6p:nT:n rrorr:nu;11j11
11, a aKo TO tt:nje ,[la ,[IOHece perneI-be o 3a,n;p)KaBaH>y, lliTO je MHaqe y rrpaKc11 ,n;arreKo qernna
ojJ1 he IlOCTyrr:n­ CJ1Tyau;11ja. Y CBaKOM crryqajy, rrorr:nu;:nja He MO)Ke ,n;oHeTJ1 perneH>e o 3a,n;p­
M je rror:nqtto .n;a )l(aBaI-by HMTM MO)Ke 3a_qp)l(aT11 ocyMH>:nqeHo rr:nu;e 6e3 op;o6peH>a jaBHor
rrm�e J1 ca H>MMe ry)K11ou;a, 3a pa3JIMKY op; 3KII/2001 Ka,n;a je TO 6:nrro Moryne.
!!;HO peq:n, Pa3MaTpajyn:n pa3rrore 36or Koj:nx OCYMH>J1qeH11 MO)Ke 611T:n 3ap;p­
)KaH, MO)KeMO rrp11MeTJ1TJ1 p;a je 3aKOHCKJ1, je,n;MHM pa3JIOr 3a 3ap;:p)KaBaI-be
f ocyMJ-bJ1qeHor rr:nu;a H>eroBo cacllyiua1ve. ,lJ;aKrre, 3aKoHo,qaBau; He Tpa)KJ1
,[la 6yp;e 11crryI-beH H11jep;aH OCHOB 3a o,n;pe�11BaH>e np:nTBopa (Ha rrp11Mep,
r KojoM ce orpa­ ,[la IlOCTOjM onaCHOCT o,n; 6eKCTBa mm ,n;a ne IlOHOBJ1TJ1 Kpl1BMqHo p;erro, p;a
'CJIOBMMa, MO)l(e he YTMD;aTM Ha CBe,n;oKe J1T,n;.) ,qa 6:n JIJ1u;e forno 3a,n;p)KaHo, llJTO CBaKaKO
HO .r1eqmHJ1CaTJ1 npe.r1cTaBJba je,n;Ho ,n;11cKyTa6:nrrHo perneH>e. MrraK, Tpe6a :ncTan:n ,n;a ce y
a Mepa J1 y TOM perneI-by O 3a,n;p)KaBaH>y HaBO)];J1 KOHKpeTaH np:nTBopCKJ1 OCHOB MaKO TO
aTerop11je rr:nu;a. 3aKOHO,qaBau; He Tpa)KJ1.
, Tj. rr11u;e rrpeMa ,Ua 6:n 3a_qp)KaBaI-be ocyMH>:nqeHor rr:nu;a 611rro 3aKOHMTO, Mopa ,n;a
ra•rn p;a ce pa,n;:n 6y.r1e cnpoBe,n;eHO IIO o,n;pel)eHJ1M, 3aKOHJ1KOM rrpon11caHMM rrpaBJ1JIMMa.
o.r1pe�eHo Kp:n­ Hajnpe, rrporr11caH je poK KOJIMKO 3a_qp)KaBaI-be ocyMH>MqeHor MO)Ke Haj­
maraI-by. ,IJ;pyro, .r1y)Ke .r1a Tpaje M OH l13HOCM 48 caT:n paqyttajyn:n op; MOMeHTa xarrrneI-ba, Tj.
mueHo np11 J13- O,[la3MBaI-ba Ha II03J1B ocyMH>:nqeHor rr11u;a. ,UaJbe, perneH>e o 3ap;p)KaBaI-by
Y)KHOCTl1 11, Kao ce Mopa ,n;oHeTJ1 :n ypyq11TJ1 ocyMJ-bJ1qeHOM rr1,1u;y HajKacm1je y poKy o,n; ,n;Ba
1HJ1H, Kao J1 ITO­ caTa op;: MOMeHTa Ka,n;a MY je caorrrnTeHo p;a je 3ap;p)KaH (qrr. 294, CT. 2). Ilo
HO m1u;e Koje je op;pe;n;6aMa 3KII/2001 poK o,n; ,n;Ba caTa 3a ,n;oHorneH>e perneH>a o 3a,n;p)Ka­
:oje ce o,n;a3Barro BaI-by je rroqMJ-bao ;n;a Teqe o,n; MOMeHTa xarrrneI-ha, o,n;HOCHO o,qa3:nBaI-ba Ha
11060.r1e ce MO)l(e II03MB ocyMH,MqeHor rr:nu;a J1 caMJ1M TJ1M poK je 6110 ,ll;OCTa KpaTaK 3a ;n;o­
1 �J1je y cBojcTBY HOIIIeI-be perneH>a o 3a,n;p)KaBaH>y. HoB11 3KII oBaj poK op;: ,n;Ba caTa Be3yje
cy np11KyrrJbaH>a 3a MoMeHaT Ka.n;a je ocyMH>JifqeHoM cao11rnTeHo .n;a je 3ap;p)KaH, rnro je CBa­
3a,I:1p)KaBaH>e ce KaKo 6oJbe perneI-be jep 11py)Ka BJ1rne BpeMeHa 3a KBarr:nTeTHO 11ocTyrraH>e
Ha cyMI-ba ,n;a cy jaBHOr Ty)K11ou;a :nrr11 11orr11u;11je. 3aKoHo,n;aBau; 11pormcyje ca;n;p)Kaj TaKBOr
npeMa rr11u;11Ma perneH>a 11 HaBo,n;11 ;n;a pernett,e o 3a,n;p)KaBaH>y o6aBe3HO Mopa ;n;a ca,n;p)KM
1a cy J13Bpurnrra crre,n;ene erreMeHTe: Kp11B:nqtto ;n;erro 3a Koje ce ocyMH>w-1eHM TepeT11, oc­
y)KHOCTJ1. HOBe cyMH>e, ,n;aH M qac rr:nrneH>a crro6o;n;e 11rr11 o,n;a3MBaH>a rro311By, Kao M
rn 3ap;p)KaBaH>e BpeMe rroqeTKa 3a,n;p)KaBaH>a (qrr_ 294, CT. 2).
uheH11 p;a crrpo­ OHO llITO je 3HaqajHO ca acrreKTa 3aIIITJ1Te JbY.D;CKJ1X 11paBa J1 c11pe­
� 6J1rn 3ap;p)Ka­ '!aBaH,a eBeHTyarrH11x 3rroyrr0Tpe6a jecTe o;n;pe,n;6a Koja 11porrncyje ;n;a
Be KOjJ1 Mopajy ocyMH,J1qeHJ1 MOpa J1MaTM 6paH11ou;a qJ1M opraH IIOCTyrrKa (jaBHJ1 TY)KJ1-
1.r1y ca 3aKOHOM. rrau; 1,1711,1 rrorr11u;11ja) ,n;oHece perneI-be o 3a,n;p)KaBaI-by (qrr. 294, CT. 5). AKO
>Ke m1u;e ,qo 48 ocyMH>J1qeHJ1 caM He o6e36e,n;M 6paHMou;a y poKy oo 4 '1.aca, jaBHM TY)KJ1-
>HO OBJiarnneHa Jiau; ne MY ra 06e36e,n;:nT11 no crry)K6eHoj ;n;y)KHOCTJ1, 110 pe;n;ocrre;n;y ca CIIM-
 TipeTXO,[IHM noCTynaK 241

K0HTpomicaHa 11cnopyKa npep;cTaBJba noJI11u;11jcKo Hap;rnep;aH>e 11neran­

Hor TpaHcnopTa npep;MeTa KpJ1BJ1qHor p;ena (p;pore, rrpeKypcopa, opy)Kja
H gp.) ca O)];JIO)KeHOM J1HTepBeHu;MjOM.306
Haj3ap;, Tpe6a 11cTatrn p;a ce OBa Mepa, J1aKo H11je 611Jia npep;BJ1QeHa
Hwjep;HJ1M 3aKOHCKJ1M rrpon11coM, rrp11MelbJ1Bana J1 y rrep11op;y npe H>e­
Hor HOpMaTJ1BHOr peryn11caH>a 3aKOHJ1KOM O KpJ1BJ1qHoM IlOCTyrrKy. OBa
Mepa je 611na o6yXBatieHa cap;p)KajeM pap;H>e nponyunaH>a y OKB11py orre­
paTHBHO-TeXHJ1qKJ1X MeTop;a J1 crrpoBO)J;J17Il1 cy je J13y3eTHO opraHJ1 ytty­
TpaIIIH>J1X IlOCJIOBa, 11 TO no op;pep;6aMa noce6He J1HCTpyKu;J1je MJ1HJ1CTpa
YHYTPaIIIH>J1X nocnoBa. 307

3. 1Ioce6He µ;oKa3He paµ;lbe nonH�Hje no Hapeµ;6H cyµ;a

3.1. TajHJ1 Hap;3op KOMYHJ1Kau;11je
�OHOIIIeH>eM HOBOr 3aKOHl1Ka O Kpl1BJ1qHOM IlOCTyrrKy ,D;OIIIJIO je p;o J13-
,(\BajaH>a pap;H>e TajHor npaheH>a 11 CHJ1MaH>a ocyMH>J1qeHor Kao caMocTan­
He y Op;Hocy Ha TajHJ1 Hap;3op KOMYHJ1Kau;J.1ja. HaJ1Me, p;o )J;OHOIIIeH>a HO­
B0r 3KI1 nocTojana je caMo jep;Ha noce6Ha p;oKa3Ha pap;H>a rrop; Ha3J1BOM
Hap;3op J1 CHJ1MaH>e TenecpoHCKJ1X J1 p;pyrMx pa3rOBopa J1JIJ1 KOMYHJ1Kau;11je
gpyrMM TeXHJ1qKJ1M cpep;CTBJ1Ma J1 OilTJ1qKa CHJ1MaH>a 7IJ111;a, KOja je nop;­
pa3YMeBaJia J1 TajHJ1 Hap;3op KOMYHJ1Kau;11ja J1 TajHO rrpatieH>e J1 CHl1MaH>e
ocyMH>J1qeHor.
HeMa cyMH>e p;a je 03ByqeH>e rrpocTOp11ja J1 n11u;a, op;HOCHO orrcepBa­
u;Mja Herrocpep;He Bep6anHe KOMyttt1Kau;11je op; BeJIJ1Ke Ba)KHOCTJ1 y 6op611
rrpOTJ1B HapoqJ1TO CJIO)KeHJ1X J1 orraCHJ1X 06JIJ1Ka KpJ1MJ1HaJIHOf MaH11cpe­
CTOBaH>a. t.J11H>ettJ1u;a je p;a je OHa y BeJIJ1KOM 6pojy 3eMaJba rrpep;BJ1QeHa
Kao MCTpa)KHa TeXHJ1Ka sui generis y op;Hocy Ha Hap;3op 11 CHMMaH>e TeJie­
cpottcKJ1X 11 p;pyrnx pa3roBopa J1 KOMYHJ1Ka�11ja Koj11 ce o6aBJbajy rrocpep;­
CTBOM TeXHJ1qKl1X IIOMarana. 308
TajHJ1 Hap;3op KOMYHJ1Kau;11ja op;pe9yje ce rrop; i1crry:tt,eH>eM OIIllITer yc­
noBa Koj11 je 3ajep;H11qKJ1 3a CBe rroce6tte p;oKa3He pap;H>e 11 o H>eMy je Ben
6J1JIO peqJ1, Me9yTJ1M, 3Kll je rrpOIIJ1CaHo p;a ce Mepa TajHOf Hap;3opa KO­
MYHJ1Kau;11ja MO)Ke op;pep;J1TJ1 3a jolll HeKa KpJ1BJ1qHa p;ena, 3a Koja ce J1Haqe
He MO)Ke op;pep;J1TJ1 HJ1jep;Ha p;pyra rroce6Ha p;oKa3Ha pap;H>a. Y n11TaH>y cy
cnep;eha KpJ1BJ1qHa p;ena: HeoBJialllneHo 11cKop11lllnaBaH>e ayTopcKor p;ena
306 M1,111oruea11h, M., Kernh, T. (2009). Opus citatum, cTp. 181-182.
307 EOillKOBl1h, M. (200:l). TpaHCHa!.lUOHallHU opzaHU308aHU KpUMUHanumem, Ilom11,111jcKa
aKaAeM11ja, EeorpaA, CTp. 283.
308 Eattoa11h, E., Map11HKOB11n, l:\. (2005). Cne1..111jantte l1CTpa)l<He paAH>e l1 Hoae TeHAeH1..111je y
caspeMettoj Hay1..111 Kp11a11qttor npaaa, y: HoBe meHOeH!.luje y caBpeMeHoj HaJ!.lU KpUBU'iHOZ npaBa
u HaUle KpUBU'iHO 3aKOHOOaBcmBo: 36opHUK paooBa (yp. C. EejaTOB11h), YApy)KeH,e 3a Kp11a11qHQ
npaao 11 Kpl1Ml1Honornjy Cp611je l1 LI;ptte fope 11 MHTepMeKc, EeorpaA, cTp. 527.
 ITpeTXO,lJ;Hl1 IIOCTynaK 243

Malbe, Beh ce Hap;3op J1 CHJ1Malbe o6aBJbajy y IIOIIITaHCKJ1M J1 CJIJ1qHJ1M

rrpep;y3eh11Ma KOpMIIIheH>eM TeXHJ1Ke Koja y H>J1Ma IIOCTOjJ1.
0 crrpoB09eH>y TajHor Hap;3opa KOMYHJ1KaQ11ja caq11lbaBajy ce OHeaHu
U36eiumaju KOjM ce 3ajep;Ho ca rrp11KyrrJbeHJ1M CHJ1MQJ1Ma KOMYHJ1KaQJ1je,
fll1CMJ1Ma J1 p;pyrnM IIOIIIJ1JbKaMa KOje cy yrryheHe ocyMJ-bJ1qeHOM J1JIJ1 Koje
OH IIIaJbe )];OCTaBJbajy cyp;11j11 3a rrpeTXO)];HJ1 IIOCTyrraK J1 jaBHOM TY)KJ10QY
Ha H,J1XOB 3axTeB (qn. 168, CT. 1).
Ha OBOM MeCTY Tpe6a J1CTahJ1 p;a IIOCTOjJ1 3aKOHCKa MoryhHOCT p;a aKO
y TOKY crrpoao9elba TajHor Hap;3opa KOMytt11KaQ11je p;o9e p;o ca3Ha1-va oa
ocyMHJU'LleHu Kopucmu opyzu me11ecfioHcKu 6poj u11u aopecy, rronMQMja, EMA
HJIM BEA Mory caMOCTaJIHO rrpoIIIJ1PJ1TJ1 TajHM Hap;3op KOMYHJ1KaQ11je J1 Ha
Taj TenecpoHCKM 6poj J1JIJ1 ap;pecy. Heorrxop;Ho je p;a op;Max o TOMe o6aaecTe
jaBHOf TY)KJ10Qa KOjJ1 he op;Max cyp;11jJ1 3a rrpeTXO)];HJ1 IIOCTynaK nop;HeTJ1
rrpep;nor p;a ce HaKHap;Ho op;o6p11 npoIII11peH>e TajHor Hap;3opa KOMYHJ1Ka­
QJ1je. Cyp;11ja 3a npeTxop;HM nocTyrraK op;nyqyje y poKy op; 48 qacoaa op;
rrp11jeMa npep;nora. AKO rrpMXBaT11 rrpep;nor, p;ona311 p;o HaKHap;Hor npo­
urnp11Bafua TajHor Hap;3opa KOMyttJ1KaQ11ja, a aKo op;611je npep;nor - caa
rrp11KyrrJbeHJ1 MaTep11jarr Koj11 je p;o611jeH Ha oaaj Haq11H ce yttMIIITaBa J1 He
MO)Ke ce KOpMCTJ1TJ1 KaCHJ1je y Kpl1BJ1qHoM nocTyrrKy (qJI. 169).
Haj3ap;, rro 3aBpIIIeTKY TajHor Hap;3opa KOMYHJ1KaQ11je, rrp11rrap;HJ1QJ1
rron11Q11je, EMA J1JIJ1 BEA p;ocTaBJbajy cyp;11j11 3a npeTxop;HM rroCTyrraK
CHUMKe KoMyHuKau,uje, nucMa u opyze noiuulbKe u noce6aH u3aeiumaj Koj11
cap;p)KM: apeMe noqeTKa 11 3aBpIIIeTKa Hap;3opa, rrop;aTKe o cny)K6eHOM
JIHQY Koje je Hap;3op cnpoaerro, omrc Texm1qKJ1X cpep;cTaBa Koja cy rrp11-
MefueHa, 6poj 11 pacrroJIO)KJ1Be nop;aTKe o JIJ1QJ1Ma 06yxBaheHJ1M Hap;3o­
poM J1 OQeHy O CBpCl1CXO)];HOCTl1 J1 pe3yJITaTJ1Ma rrpMMeHe Hap;3opa (qJI.
170, CT. 1). Cyp;11ja 3a rrpeTXO)];HJ1 IIOCTyrraK he rrp117IJ1KOM ornapatt,a IIJ1-
caMa 11 p;pyrMX rroIIIJ1JbKJ1 na3J1TJ1 p;a ce He rroapep;e rreqaTJ1 11 p;a ce OMOTM
J1 ap;pece ca".fyBajy, 11 o ornapaH>y he cacTaBJ1TJ1 3an11cHJ1K. Caa MaTep11jan
p;o611jeH crrpoao9eH>eM TajHor Hap;3opa KOMYHJ1KaQ11je p;ocTaB11he ce jaB­
HOM TY)KJ10QY Koj11 he op;pep;11TJ1 p;a ce CHJ1MQJ1 p;o611jeH11 ynoTpe6oM Tex­
HJ1qK11x cpep;cTaBa y QeJIJ1HJ1 J1JIJ1 p;eJIJ1MJ1".fHO rrpenmuy 11 on11IIIy.
Ha OBOM MeCTY je Ba)KHO rrop;ceTJ1TJ1 Ha IIOCTyrraH>e jaBHOr TY)Kl10Qa ca
MaTep11jaJIOM rrp11KyrrJbeHJ1M KOpMIIIheH>eM 611JIO KOje rroce6He p;oKa3He
pap;fue, na caMMM TMM 11 pap;tt,e TajHor Hap;3opa KOMyttJ1KaQ11ja. AKO jaBHM
TY)KJ1JiaQ He IIOKpeHe Kpl1BJ1qHJ1 IIOCTyrraK y poKy op; 6 MeCeQJ1 op; p;aHa
Kap;a ce yrro3Hao ca MaTep11janoM rrp11KyrrlbeHJ1M Kop11IIIhefueM rroce6HMX
p;oKa3HJ1X pap;lbl1 J1JIJ1 aKO J13jaBJ1 p;a ra Hehe KOpl1CTJ1TJ1 y IIOCTyrrKy, O)];HOC­
HO p;a rrpoTMB ocyMfuJ1".feHor Hehe 3axTeBaT11 ao9efue nocTyrrKa, cyp;11ja 3a
rrpeTXO)];HJ1 IlOCTyrraK he p;oHeTJ1 peIIIelbe O yttMIIITeH>y rrpMKYIIJbeHor Ma-
 ITpeTXO)J;HM IIOCTynaK 255

JIMu;MjOM rnaBHl1 cy6jeKaT 11 op; •rnje aKTl1BHOCTl1 J1 aHra)KOBalha p;o6p11M

geJIOM 3aBl1Cl1 ycrrelllHOCT KaKo rrpep;11CTpa)KHOr, TaKO 11 rrpeTXO)];HOr IIO­
cTyrrKa y u;err11H11.
,D;a 611 rrpep;11cTpa)KH11 rrocTyrraK 6110 rnTo ecp11KaCH11j11, rrporr11ca­
HO je p;a je jaBHl1 TY)Kl1Jiau; PYKOBO)];l1Jiau; rrpep;11cTpa)KHOr IIOCTyrrKa. y
TOM CM11CJIY, jaBHl1 TY)Kl1Jiau; Tpe6a p;a 6yp;e l1H11u;11jaTOp J1 KOopp;11HaTOp
CBJ1X aKTl1BHOCTl1 y rrpep;11CTpa)KHOM IIOCTYIIKY Koje cy ycMepeHe Ha OT­
Kpirnalf>e Kp11Bvl'IHOf p;erra 3a KOje ce f0Hl1 no CJiy)K6eHoj p;y)KHOCTl1, Ha
rrpottarra)Kelf>e lheroBor y,rnH11ou;a, Kao 11 Ha OTKp11Balf>e 11 06e36e1)11Balhe
rrpep;MeTa 11 TparoBa Kp11Bwrnor p;erra. ,D;aKrre, jaBHl1 Ty)K11rrau; 611 Tpe6arro
ga 6yp;e )];OMJ<1J-IaHTHl1 cy6jeKT y rrpep;11cTpa)KHOM rrocTyrrKy Koj11 611 11Hl1-
u;ttpao rrpep;y3J1Matt,e rrojep;11H11x pap;lh11 op; cTpatte rrorrJ1u;J1je J1 KOjJ1 6J1
Ko opp;J1HJ1pao rrpJ1JIJ1KOM rrpep;y311Malha TJ/IX pap;lhJ1 J1 Ha HeKJ1 HaqJ1H 6J10
,,rneq>" rrpep;J/ICTpa)KHOr IIOCTYITKa.
CyIIITJ/IHCKJ1, PYKOBOp;ena yrrora rrop;pa3yMeBa rrpBeHCTBeHO aKTJ/IBaH,
a He peaKTJ1BaH rrpJ1cTyrr jaBHor Ty>1rnou;a op; Kojer ce oqeKyje cTpaTernKo
rrrratt11palf>e OBe J1 Hapep;HJ/IX cpa3a IIOCTyrrKa. 320 l1HTeHu;J1ja 3aKOHO)];aBu;a
je p;a 3aJ1cTa y rrpaKCJ/I 3a)KJ1BJ1 pyKoBop;ena yrrora jaBHor TY)KJ1ou;a y rrpep;­
vt:cTpa)KHOM IIOCTYIIKY, rrpe CBera y Op;Hocy ca IIOJIJ/Ill;l1jOM, C ofo11poM
Ha TO p;a je jaBHJ/I TY)KJ1Jiau; cpopMaJIHO 6J10 J1 pyK0Bop;J1rrau; HeKap;arnlher
rrpeTKPJ1BJ1qHor rrocTyrrKa, aJIJ/I je TaKBa lf>eroBa yrrora y npaKcJ/I 6J1rra
peTKO ocrnapJ1BaHa y IIyttOM Kanau;J1TeTy. <l>aKTJ1qKJ1, jaBHl1 TY)KJ1Jiau;
Kao PYKOBO)];J/IJiau; rrpep;J1CTpa)KHOr IIOCTYIIKa Tpe6a p;a 6yp;e opraH KOjJ1 he
AOHOCJ1TJ1 Op;JiyKe Koje cy op; CTpaTelllKOr 3Haqaja 3a J1CXO)]; rrpep;11CTpa)K­
HOr IIOCTyrrKa, aJIJ/I He caMo TO, Ben J1 p;a Herrocpep;HO yrrpaBJba, O)];HOCHO
orrepaTJ/IBHO op;rryqyje o pap;lhaMa Koje ce rrpep;y3J1Majy y rrpep;J1cTpa)KHOM
IIOCTYIIKY J1, HapaBHO, CBe TO y capap;H,11 ca IIOJIJ/Ill;J!IjOM.
,D;a 611 jaBHJ1 TY)KJ1Jiau; IIITO 6oJbe ocrnapJ10 CBojy pyKoBop;eny yrrory
y rrpep;l1CTpa)KHOM IIOCTYIIKY, rrpOIIJ/ICaHa cy op;peljeHa npaBa Koja MO)Ke
KOpI1CTl1TJ1. Hajnpe, jaBHJ/I TY)KJ1Jiau; MO)Ke caMOCTaJIHO rrpep;y3eTJ1 rro­
rpe6He pap;lhe pap;J1 rolf>elha yqJ1HJ1rrau;a Kp11BJ1qHJ1X p;erra (qrr, 285, CT. 2).
Y TOM CMJ1CJIY, jaBHJ/I TY)KJ1Jiau; MO)Ke, rrpe CBera, rrpep;y3J1MaT11 rrojep;J1He
,n;oKa3He pa,n;lf>e, arr11 11 op;roBapajyne rroTpa)KHe pap;lhe. C p;pyre cTpaHe,
CBl1 opraHJ/I KOjJ1 yqecrnyjy y rrpep;11cTpa)KHOM IIOCTYIIKY, a rrpeBacxop;HO
rrorr11u;J1ja, p;y)KHl1 cy p;a O CBaKoj pap;JhM rrpep;y3eTOj y u;11Jby OTKp11Balba
KpJ1BJ1qHor p;erra J1JI11 rrpoHarra)KeJha OC)7Mlf>J1qeHor o6aBecTe Hap;Jie)KHOr
jaBHOr TY)KJ10u;a (qJI, 44, CT. 1).
MeljyT11M, C ofo11poM Ha TO p;a jaBHJ1 TY)KJ/IJiau; H.Hje TOJil1KO orrepaTJ/I­
BaH Kao lllTO je IIOJIJl[ll;J1ja, rrporr11caHO je p;a MO)Ke HaJIO)KJ1TJ1 IIOJIJ1ll;J1jJ1 p;a

320 Mmdi, r. IT. et al. (2013). Opus citatum, cTp. 657.

 IlpeTXO�HJ.1 nocTynaK 257

CH HHCY 3a)KJ1Bene Ha OAfOBapajyh11 HaqJ1H. HaHMe, IlOJIJ1QJ1ja je y npaK­

Tl1'IHOM rrocTynaH>y npe,n;y311Mana MHoro6pojHe pap;H>e o KOjHMa yonnITe,
rrpe l:bHXOBOr npe,n;y3HMaH>a, HHje o6aaernTaaana jaattor TY)KHOQa. llha­
Bmlle, rrOJIHQHja je npe.z:i;y311Mana cae noTpe6tte pa,n;H>e H Mepe na je TeK no
OKOHtJal:by Tap;arnH>er npeTKpHBJ1tJHOr IlOCTYITKa, Tj. Kap; ce ,lJ;OlllJIO p;o oc­
HOBaHe CYMH>e Aa je op;pel)etto JIHQe J13Bprn11no KpHBJ1qHo p;eno 3a Koje ce
rOHM no cny)K6ettoj p;y)KHOCTJ1 - IlO,D;HOCHJia KpHBJ1qHy np11jaay Hap;Jie)K­
HOM jaBHOM TY)KHOQy. Ha OBaj HaqJ1H, jaBHJ1 TY)KHJiaQ HHje J1Mao aKTHBHY
yrrory TOKOM npeTKp11a11qttor nocTynKa, a noHajMaH>e PYKOBop;ehy KaKBY
je 3aKOHHK Hanarao. C ofo11poM Ha TO p;a HOBH 3Kll yaop;H TY)KJ1Jia'IKY
HCTpary, IllTO HeMHHOBHO 3axTeBa nojaqatty aKTHBHOCT jaBHOr TY)KH0-
1.\a TOKOM npep;HCTpa)KHOr IlOCTYITKa, jacHO je p;a ce OBaKBa npaKca Mopa
npoMeHHTH. 322

2. IIocTynalbe jaBHOr TY)KJfOn;a IIOBOAOM KpHBH'IHC npHjaBe

JeAMHM OBJiarnheHJ1 ,ll;p)KaBHJ1 opraH 3a np11jeM Kpl1BJ1\JHJ1X npHjaBa,

Ka,[\a ce paAH o KpHBHtJHMM p;enMMa 3a Koja ce rOHH no cny)K6ettoj p;y)KHO­
crn, jecTe jaBHJ1 TY)KHJiaQ. qHM npHMJ1 KpMBJ1qHy npHjaay jaBHJ1 TY)KH­
Tlal.\ je y 06aae311 Aa pa3MOTpH H>ette Haaop;e 11 cae np11nore 11 p;a p;ottece
O,l\llYKY O H>Oj. Y npaKCJ1 ce KpHBJ1qHa np1,1jaaa AaJieKO qernne Il0,D;HOCJ1
npBO IIOJIJ1QJ1jJ1, na Il0ffJ1QHja IlOTnytty KpHBJ1tJHY npHjaay Il0,11;HOCJ1 Hap;­
Jle)KHOM jaBHOM TY)KHOQy. Pe3yJITaTJ1 jeAHOr J1CTpa)KJ1Bal-ba IlOKa3yjy p;a
anconyTHo HajaehH 6poj KpHBJ1qHJ1X np11jaBa Il0,D;HOCJ1 IlOJIJ1QJ1ja, J1 TO y
94,2% cnyqajeaa, a aKo ce TOMe p;op;ajy 11 np11jaae nop;HeTe ca rpal)aH11Ma 11
APYrMM npaBHHM JIHQHMa, oHp;a ce noJIHQHja y 96,3% cnyqajeaa nojaBJbyje
Kao IlOAHOCJ1JiaQ Kpl1BJ1qHJ1X np11jaBa. 323
Ha OCHOBY ITOAHeTe Kpl1BJ1qHe rrpHjaae jaBHJ1 TY)KJ1JiaQ MO)Ke ,D;OHeTH
jeAHY op; cnep;el'rnx op;nyKa: npBo - MO)Ke o,n;6a1..v1TJ1 KpHBwrny npujaay,
Apyro - MO)Ke noKpettyTH HCTpary AOHorneH>eM Hape,n;6e o cnpoaol)eH>y
HCTpare HJIJ1 eBeHTyaJIHO Henocpep;HO IlOAHeTH op;r0Bapajyh11 OITTY)KHH
aKT, M rpehe - MO)Ke rrpHKynJ1TJ1 Il0Tpe6Ha AOITyttCKa o6aBelllTel-ba.

322 Boskovic, A. (2014). The Relationship Between Public Prosecutor and the Police During
Preliminary Proceedings According to the Serbian Code of Criminal Procedure, in: Archibald
Reiss Days (Thematic conference proceedings of international significance), Tom III, Volume llI (S.
Milasinovic, D. Simovic, B. Simeunovic Patic, eds.), Academy of Criminalistic and Police Studies
and German Foundation for International Legal Cooperation (IRZ), Belgrade and Bonn, cTp. 248.
323 EMmtpHjCKO HCTpa)IU18albe je 06)'XB aTlrnO 600 flOAHeTHX KpHBH'lHHX npHjaea OKPY)KHJ,!M
jasHHM TY)KHnawTBHMa y £eorpaAy, HoeoM CaAy, Balbeey H 3pelbaHHHY H onwTHHCKHM jaeHHM
T}'J1<11nawTBHMa Ha lbHXOBOM IlOAPY'liY y epeMeHCKOM nepHOAY OA 03. OKT06pa 2000. fOAHHe AO 28.
anpHna 2004. TOAHHe. CnpoeeAeHo je y OKBHPY npojeKTa IIonu�uja u npemKpuBU'lHU u npemxooHU
Kp11au11Hu nocmynaK (2005 zooutta) y opraHHJaL\HjH B1twe wKone YHYTpawlbKX nocnoea y 3eMYHY·
258 ArreKcaH.n;ap EornKOBMh, Talba Kernh: KpuBUT-tHO npou,eCHo npaBo

2.1. Op;6a1..vrnaH>e Kpv1BJ1'IHe npv1jaBe

Jep;Ha op; op;lly1<a Kojy jaBHl1 T)')Kvlllau; MO)Ke p;oHeTl1 no npv1jeMy KpH­
Bl1'IHe npMjaBe jecTe H>eHo op;6au;JrnaH>e peuteHJeM v1 TO M0)Ke )"Il1Hl1Tlil
caMo OHp;a aKo je 11cnyI-heH jep;aH op; amepHaTvlBHO npon11caHv1x pa311ora
KOjl1 cy MaTepv1jallHonpaBHe v1 npou;ernonpaBHe npv1pop;e.
ITpBo, aKo U3 KpuBU1-tHe npujaBe npou3u;za3u oa npujaBlbeHo oeno Huje
KpU8U1-tHO OellO 3a Koje Ce ZOHU no rnyJ1C6eHO] OYJICHOCmU ('Ill. 284, CT. 1, T. 1).
AHalll13vlpajytm OBaj pa3ll0f MO)Ke ce 3aKlb)"Il1TJ1 p;a jaBHl1 T)')Kvlllau; M0)Ke
op;6au;v1TJ1 Kpl1Bvl'IHY npv1jaBy y p;Be cv1Tyau;J1je. Hajnpe, Kap;a npv1jaBJbeHo
p;ello Hl1je Kpl1Bl1'IHO p;ello, lllTO 3Ha'Il1 Kap;a Kpv1BJ1'IHO p;ello yomuTe He no­
cTojv1 y CMl1CllY p;a Hep;ocrnje HeKv1 elleMeHT om1..1Ter nojMa Kpl1Bwrnor p;erra
vlllvl HeKl1 elleMeHT KOHKpeTHOr Kpl1Bvl'IHOr p;ella vlllvl je y Ill1TaH>Y rpa1)aH­
CKOIIpaBHl1 l1lll1 ynpaBHOnpaBHvl O,IJ;HOC. TaKol)e, Kpl1Bl1'1Ha npv1jaBa M0)Ke
611TJ1 op;6a'IeHa aKo npv1jaBlbeHo KpvlBvl'IHO p;ello Hv1je Kpl1Bvl'IHO p;ello 3a
Koje ce rOHl1 IIO Clly)K6eHoj ,lJ;)')KH0CTl1, lllTO 3Ha'Ivl, Ha npl1Mep, aK0 je y
IIJ1TaH>y Kpl1BJ1'IHO p;ellO 3a Koje ce f0Hl1 IIO npv1BaTHOj Ty)K6vl.
,D;pyro, aKo je Hacmy nuna 3acmapenocm UllU je Oello o6yxBaneHo aM­
HecmujoM unu noMUllOBa1t1eM unu nocmoje opyze OKOllHocmu Koje mpajtto
UCKlby1-tyjy 201-bett,e ('Ill. 284, CT. 1, T. 2). ,D;aKlle, y OB0M rnyqajy ,IJ;Olla3J1 AO
op;6au;11BaH>a Kpv1Bl1'IHe npMjaBe yrnep; 3acrnpenocTv1, aMHeCTJ1je, II0MH­
JIOBaH>a J1Jil1 HeKvlX p;pyrnx OKOllHOCTl1 Koje TpajHO vlCKlb)"Iyjy Kpv1BJ1'IHO
roI-beH>e, Kao lllTO cy cMpT ocyl)eHor, npecyl)eHa crnap, Hep;oCTaTaK npeA­
nora OlllTeheHor 3a Kpv1BJ1'IHO roH>eH>e. Ha npv1Mep, aKo ll11u;e nocep;yje
IIOCJiaHJ1'IKvl vlM)'Hl1TeT, TO Hl1je pa3JIOr 3a op;6au;11BaI-be Kpv1BJ1'1He npl1ja­
Be, Beh jaBHl1 T)')KJ1llau; Tpe6a p;a ce 06paTv1 Hap;Jie)KH0M p;p)KaBHOM op­
raHy KaKO 611 eBeHTyaJIHO ,IJ;OlllJIO p;o YKHp;aH>a J1MymneTa J1 IIOKpeTaHla
Kpl1Bvl'IHOr IIOCT)'IIKa.
l1 Tpehe, aKo He nocmoje ocHoBu cyM1t1e oa je y 1-tu1t1eHo KpuBu1-tHo oeno
Ja Koje ce zoHu no cnyJ1C6eHoj oyJ1CHocmu ('IJI. 284, CT. 1, T. 3). Ha11Me, no­
cTojaI-be OCH08a cyM1t1e p;a je )"Il1H>eHO Kpl1Bl1'IHO p;eJIO je OCHOBHJ1 Mare­
p11jaJIHJ1 yrnoB 3a noKpeTaH>e 11 Bol)eH>e 11cTpare, na caMMM TMM aKo cy
)' npep;McTpa)KHOM IIOCT)'IIKY 11cu;pnlbeHe CBe MoryhHOCTJ1 l1 npep;y3ere
CBe Heonxop;He pap;H>e 11 Mepe v1 jolll yBeK He nocToje ocHOBM cyMI-be p;a je
)"Il1H>eHO Kpl1BJ1'IHO p;eJIO, jaBH0M T)')Kl10u;y He npeocrnje HJ1ll1Ta p;pyro
Hero p;a pellleH>eM op;6au;l1 Kpl1Bl1'IHY np11jaBy.
JaBHl1 T)')KJ1Jiau; je p;y)KaH p;a o op;6aqajy Kpl1Bl1'IHe rrp11jaBe, Kao 11 o
pa3JI03J1Ma 3a TO, y poKy op; 8 p;aHa 06asecT11 OlllTeheHor 11 p;a ra rroy­
q11 o H>eroBJ1M rrpaBJ1Ma. OlllTeheHl1 11Ma rrpaBo p;a y poKy op; 8 p;aHa OA
 I1peTxop;H11 rrocTynaK 261

3axTeBy, jaBHJ1 TY)l<l1JiaQ MO)Ke HOB'IaHO Ka3HJ1TJ1 OAfOBOpHO Jll1Qe y AP­

)KaBHOM J1JIM ApyroM opraHy, OAHOCHO rrpaBHOM JIMQY AO 150.000 AMHapa,
a aKo M rrocne Tora OA6Mje Aa Aa rroTpe6He rroAaTKe MO)Ke ce jow jeAHOM
Ka3HJ1TM MCTOM Ka3HOM ('Ill. 282, CT. 2). 0 HOB'IaHOM Ka)KlbaBali>y jaBHM
TY)l<MJiaQ AOHOCM pernelbe Ha Koje ce MO)Ke YJIO)KMTM )KaJI6a KOja He 3aAp­
)KaBa M3Bprnelbe pernelba M o Kojoj OAnyqyje cyAMja sa rrpeTXOAHJ1 rrocTy­
rraK ('Ill. 282, CT. 3).
Hajqewhe, jaBHM TY)KMJiaQ rroTpe6Ha o6aBewTelba rrp11KyrrJba rrpeKo
rronMQMje M TO TaKO lllTO 3axTeBa Aa llOJIMQMja rrp11Kyrr1,1 l10Tpe6Ha 06a­
ae11ITe1i>a M Aa rrpeAysMe Apyre Mepe M pa.n;li>e y QMJbY OTKp11Balba KpMBH'I­
HOr .n;ena M YtJMHMOQa ('Ill. 282, CT. 4).
CaM 3axTeB MOpa 6MTJ1 jacaH J1 OApeQeH, a opraH YHYTPallllbMX IIOCJIO­
Ba He MO)Ke QeHMTM Aa m1 je 3axTeB yMecaH, QeJIJ1CXOAaH, JIOfM'IKM OCHO­
BaH, Aa JIM cy 3axTeBaHe paAli>e IIOTpe6He, HMTM rraK MO)Ke cny)K6eHO J13-
pa3J1TJ1 csoje Hecnaralbe ca H>HM 11 Tpa)KJ1TJ1I Aa HeKM BMWM opraH OQeHH
rrorpe6y rrpHKYIIJbaH>a OBJ1X o6aBernrelba.325
IloJIJ1QJ1Ija je AY)KHa Aa IIOCTyrIJ1 ITO TaKBOM 3axTeBy J1 Aa ra o6aBeCTJ1
o rrpeAy3eTJ1M MepaMa J1 pap;li>aMa HajKaCHJ1je y poKy oo 30 oaHa oo oaHa
Kaoa je npuMUlla 3axme6. YKOJIJ1KO IIOJIJ1QJ1ja He IIOCTyrr11 110 3axTeBy, jaB­
Hl1 ry)KJ1JiaQ MO)Ke rrpeAy3eTJ1 Mepe o KojJ1Ma je Ben 6J1no peqJ1 y rrpeT­
xop;ttttM J13JiaraH>J1Ma (o6aBewTaBalbe HerrocpeAHOr cTapewJ1He J1 eBeH­
ryanHo JIIHJ1QHpalbe AJ1CQJ111JIJ1HCKOr IIOCTyrrKa). TaKOQe, jaBHJ1 TY)KJ1JiaQ,
p;p)KaBHJ1 J1JIJ1 ApyrH opraHJ1, OAHOCHO rrpaBHa JIJ1Qa AY)KHJ1 cy Aa rrp11-
/ll1KOM np11KyrrJbalba o6aBelllTelba, OAHOCHO AaBali>a ITOAaTaKa nocTyrrajy
o6a3pl1BO, BOAehJ1 patJyHa Aa ce He HaUIKOAM tJaCTJ1 J1 yrneAy JIJ1Qa Ha Koje
ce OBJ1 IIOAaQJ1 OAHOCe ('Ill. 282, CT. 6).
MttatJe, caM 3axTeB MO)Ke 6J1TJ1 yorrUITeH J1JIJ1 KOHKpeTJ130BaH. YKOJIJ1KO
je yonUITeH, y lbeMy ce HaBOJ];J1 Aa je HeOIIXOAHO rrpeAy3eTJ1 CBe IIOTpe6He
pap;lbe J1 Mepe paAJ1 OTKpHBalba Kpl1BJ1'IHJ1X AeJia M YtJHHJ10Qa. Y cyrrpoT­
HOM, rj. aKo je KOHKpeTJ130BaH, y li>eMy ce HaBOAe KOHKpeTHe paAlbe M
Mepe Koje ce Mory OAHOCJ1TJ1 Ha l103HaTor J1JIJ1 Hen03HaTOr YtJHHJ10Qa, Ha
parntJMwhaaaH>e IIJ1Talba rrpaaHe KBam1qmKaQ11je MTA. Y caaKOM cnyqajy,
3axrea ce Hajqernhe OAHOCJII Ha OHe paAH>e Koje ce TJ1tJY y311MaH>a 113jaaa
op; JU1�a. rrpMMeHe rroce6HJIIX MeTop;a J1JIJII KPJ1IMJ1HaJIJ1CTJII'IKO-TeXHJII'IKJ1X
Mepa, Kao 11 eaettTyanHJ1X Mepa rrpahelba, OAY3MMalba rryTHe ttcrrpaae 11
p;p.326
Mel')yTHM, npeAMeT 3axTeBa Mory 611TH JII T3B. llOTpa)l(He paAlbe KOje
rronMQMja MHatJe caMOJ1HJ1QJ1jaTJ1BHO rrpep;y311Ma. Ty ce rrpe caera MJ1CJIJ1

325 EejaTOBHh, C. (2003). Opus citatum, cTp. 446.

326 Bac11/beBJ.1h, T., fpy6a'I, M. (2003). Opus citatum, CTp. 450-451.
 I1peTXOAH11 noCTynaK 265

Aa 7IJ1 je TO y op;peljeHOM rny1.rnjy u;eJIJ1CXO,D;HO. ITpeMa op;pep;6aMa 3KI1,

jaBHJ1 TY)KJ1Jiau; MO)Ke O,!l;JIO)KJ1TJ1 Kpl1BJ1'-1HO fOH,ett,e 3a Kpl1BJ1'-1HO p;eJIO 3a
Koje je rrpep;B11ljeHa HOB'-laHa Ka3Ha 11n11 Ka3Ha 3aTBopa p;o 5 rop;i,rna, aKo
ocyMffiJ1'-leHJ1 rrp11XBaTJ1 jep;Hy J1JIJ1 Bmne 3aKOHOM rrporr11caHJ1X o6aBe3a
Koje Mopa l13Bp1IIHTJ1 y poKy op; MaKCHMYM rop;11Hy p;aHa. AKo ocyMtt,11qe­
HJ1 y p;aTOM poKy J13Bp1II11 rrp11XBaheHy o6aBe3y, rnep;11 op;6aqaj Kp11BJ1'-lHe
rrp11jaBe op; CTpaHe jaBHOr TY)KMOu;a, C TJ1M IIITO OIIITeneHJ1 Hehe J1MaTJ1
rrpaBo p;a rrop;Hece rrp11r0Bop BMI.IIeM jaBHOM Ty)KJ1ou;y.
JaBHJ1 TY)KJ1Jiau; ce TaKolje MO)Ke pyK0Bop;11T111-ta11.enoM onopmy1-1umema
u 006a4umu KpuBu11.1-1y npujaBy Kop; Kp11BJ1'-1HJ1x p;erra 3a Koja je rrpep;B11lje­
Ha HOB'-laHa Ka3Ha J1JIJ1 Ka3Ha 3aTBOpa p;o 3 f0,!l;J1He, aKO je ocyMH,J1'-leHJ1
yrnep; crnapHor Kajatt,a, crrpe'-1110 HacTynatt,e IIITeTe J1JIJ1 je I.IITeTy y rroT­
rryttocT11 Ben Ha,D;OKHap;110, a jaBHJ1 TY)KJ1Jiau;, rrpeMa OKOJIHOCTJ1Ma cny­
qaja, O,!l;HOCHO C o6311poM Ha JIJ1'-1HOCT ocyMH,11'-leHOr J1 OKOJIHOCTJ1 rrop;
Koj11Ma je p;erro yq11tt,eHo, ou;eH11 p;a 113p11u;att,e Kp11Bwrne caHKu;11je He
611 611rro rrpaBJ1'-lHO (,rn. 284, CT. 3). J1 y OBOM crryqajy, rrp11MeHoM Haqerra
orropTyttMTeTa, OIIITeheH11 HeMa rrpaBo p;a rrop;Hece rrp11r0Bop B11IIIeM jaB­
HOM TY)KMOI.l;y.
YBoljett,eM TY)KMJia'-lKor KoHu;errrn 11CTpare rrpoIII11peHa cy oBrralllnett,a
jaBHOr TY)KMOu;a y u;eJIOM rrpeTXO,!l;HOM IIOCTyrrKy rra caMJ1M TJ1M 11 y rrpep;­
MCTpa)KHOM IIOCTyrrKy. TaKo, Kap;a je peq O carnylliaH>y ocyMful1'-1CHOf
rrMu;a Kojer je rrorr111.wja rro3Barra y rnojcrny ocyMffiM'-leHor mrn ra je rro-
3Bana y CBOjcrny rpaljaHMHa, rra je TOKOM rrpMKYIIJbaH,a o6aBeIIITCH,a IIO­
qeo p;a ce CMaTpa ocyMH,J1'-1eHJ1M, jaBHM TY)KJ1Jiau; ,!l;OHOCJ1 KOHa'-lHY op;rryKy
o TOMe KO he 06aB11T11 cacrrYIIIaffie ocyMtt,11'-leHor. CYIIITHHCKM, rrorr11u:11ja
He MO)Ke caMocTaJIHO 06aBJ1TJ1 cacJIYIIIaffie ocyMI-hJ1'-leHor aKo rrpeTxop;­
HO Hap;rre)KHJ1 jaBH11 TY)KMJiau; TO He op;o6p11. C p;pyre CTpaHe, cacJIYIIIaffie
yxarrIIIeHor je y J1CKlbJ'-1l1BOj Hap;Jie)KHOCTJ1 jaBHOr TY)KJ10u;a J1 0 TOMe je
Beh 6MJIO pe'-1J1.
Haj3ap;, jaBHJ1 TY)KMJiau; je p;o6Mo jep;HO IIOTIIyttO HOBO 3aKOHCKO OB­
rrarnnett,e rrpeMa KojeM MO)Ke p;a 3ap;p)K11 ocyMH>M'-leHor p;o 48 caT11. Ha oBaj
Ha'-lMH, 3ap;p)KaBaffie ocyMH,J1'-leHor BMIIIe HeMa KapaKTep rrorr11u;11jcKor 3a­
p;p)KaBaffia jep rrorr11u;11ja HeMa J13BOpHo OBrrarnhett,e p;a 3ap;p)Kl1 ocyMtt,J1-
'-1eHor. Heorrxop;Ho je p;a jaBHM TY)KMJiau; p;oHece op;JiyKy o TOMe p;a rr11 he
ocyMH,J1'-leHJ1 611TJ1 3ap;p)KaH J17IJ1 He, a YKOJIJ1KO je Ta op;rryKa II03J1TJ1BHa
OHp;a he, y HajBeheM 6pojy crryqajeBa, op;o6p11T11 rrorr11u;11j11 p;a p;oHece pe­
wett,e o 3ap;p)KaBaI-by 11 p;a crrpoBep;e 3ap;p)KaBaffie. TaKolje, rr11u;a 3aTe'-leHa
Ha MeCTY J13Bprneffia Kpl1BJ1'-1HOr p;erra Mory ce op; CTpaHe IIOJIJ1D;l1je yrryT11-
TJ1 Hap;Jie)KHOM jaBHOM TY)KMOD;y J1JIJ1 Mory fo1TJ1 3a,D,p)KaHa Ha MecTy 113-
Bprnelba Kp11BJ1'-lHOr p;erra p;o p;orracKa jaBHOr Ty)K11ou;a, a Hajp;y)Ke 6 caTJ1.
 II peTxop;HM rrocTyrraK 269

gparoQeHO BpeMe 3a Koje he ocyMH,J1'-leHJ1 MOilJ1 YKJIOHJ1TJ1, caKpl1TJ1 J1JIJ1

YHl1IIITJ1TJ1 IIOTeHQJ1jaJIHJ1 ,D;OKa3HJ1 MaTep:t1jaJI.

E. MCTPAfA

1. IlojaM, D;J'IJI, 11 OCHOBHe KapaKTepHCTHKe HCTpare

I1peTXO,Il;HJ1 IIOCTyrraK y QeJIOCTJ1, rra CaMJ1M TJ1M J1 J1CTpara, rrpep;­

CTaBJba Ba)KaH CTa.n;:t1jyM Kpl1BJ1'-IHOf IIOCTyrrKa J1 H,efOB OCHOBHJ1 QJ1Jb je­
CTe p;a ce rrp:t1Kyrre rrop;aQJ1 J1 ,D;OKa3J1 Ha OCHOBY KOjl1X he jaBHJ1 TY)KJ1JiaQ
OAJiy'-ll1TJ1 .n;a JIJ1 he IIO,D;J1fiJ,[ OIITy)K6y J1JIJ,[ He. y 3eMJbaMa KOHTJ1HeHTaJIHe
npaBHe Tpa.n;:t1QJ1je, Kojoj np:t1rra.n;a J1 Cp6:t1ja, y BeJIJ1KOM 6pojy rnyqajeBa
MCXO,D; maBHOf IIOCTyrrKa 3aBJ.fCJ.f op; .n;oKa3a Koje cy rrpw6aBJ1JIJ1 jaBHJ.f Ty­
)Ky1JiaQ J1 IIOJIJ1QJ1ja TOKOM rrpeTXO)];HOf ITOCTYIIKa.
McTpara je QeHTpanHa cpa3a y rrpeTXO,D;HOM IIOCTyrrKy J1 y 3aBJ1CHOCTJ1
op; rrp:t1XBaneHor KOHQerrTa J1cTpare (cy.n;cKJ1, TY)KJ1Jia'-lKJ1 I1JIJ1 rroJIJ1QJ1j­
cKI1) 3aBJ1CJ.f J1 .D;J1HaMJ1Ka J1CTpa)KHQf IIOCTYIIKa. To 3Ha'-IJ1 p;a je, aKo je
3aCTyrrlbeH cy.n;cKJ.f KOHQeIIT IlfCTpare, BOljellie J1CTpare CTaBJbeHO y Hap;­
Jie)KHOCT cy.n;a (l1CTpa)KH0f cy.n;:t1je), aKo je rrp11cyTaH TY)KJ1Jia'-1KJ1 KOHQeIIT
MCTpare oHp;a je BoljeH>e l1CTpare rroBepeHo jaBHOM TY)KJ1OQY, a y cnyqaje­
BJ1Ma IIOJIJ1QJ1jCKe l1CTpare, IIOJIJ1QJ1ja je opraH KOjl1 caMOCTaJIHO BO.D;J1 J.fC­
Tpa)KHJ1 nocTyrraK.
Beh je BJ1IIIe rryTa IIOHOBJbeHo p;a je HOBJ1M 3KI1 yBe.n;eH TY)KI1Jia'-lKJ1
KOHQeIIT J1CTpare IIITO 3Ha'-ll1 .n;a J1CTpary y Kpl1BJ1'-IHOM IIOCTYIIKY Peny-
6JIMKe Cp6:t1je Bo.n;11 jaBHJ1 TY)KJ1JiaQ. Mel)yT:t1M, y Be311 ca o.n;peljellieM
nojMa J1cTpare rrp:t1cyTHO je BeoMa crropHo 3aKoHcKo peIIIelbe o KojeM je
6J1JIO .n;ocTa pe'-IJ1 Ha IIO'-leTKY pa3MaTpallia O rroce6HOM .n;eny KpMBJ1'-lHOf
npoQeCHOf rrpaBa. TaKo .n;a heMO Ha OBOM MeCTY caMO 3aKlbYl.Jl1TJ1 p;a je
J.fCTpara, cyIIITJ1HCKJ1, p;pyra cpa3a rrpeTXO.D;HOf IIOCTynKa (rrpBa cpa3a je
npe.n;:t1cTpa)KHJ1 noCTyrraK, a Tpeha cpa3a - onTy)Kellie) Kojy Hapel)yje J1
BO.D;J1 jaBHJ1 TY)KJ1JiaQ, KaKO npOTI/fB ITO3HaTor TaKo J1 rrpoTJ1B HeTIO3HaTOf
Y'fl1HJ1OQa, Ka.n;a TIOCTOje OCHOBJ1 cyMH,e .n;a je Yl.Jl1llieHO Kpl1BJ.f'-IHO p;eno.
a
Ulb ucmpaze je o.n;peljeH y '-Ill. 295, CT. 2 3KIJ. 0CH08HU U,Ulb l1CTpare
jecTe, npe CBera, np:t1Kyrrlballie p;oKa3a J1 rro.n;aTaKa KOjJ1 cy n0Tpe6HJ1 .n;a
6M ce MOfJIO O,D;lIYl.Jl1TJ1 p;a JIJ1 he ce Il0,Il;J1IlJ1 OIITY)KHI/fQa (T3B. 11O3J1TI1B­
HJ1 QJ1Jb IlfCTpare) l1JIJ1 o6ycTaBI1TJ1 IIOCTyrraK (T3B. HeraTJ.fBHJ1 QJ1Jb J1C­
Tpare).331 ITopep; ocHOBHor QJ1Jba y 11cTpa3J1 je rroTpe6Ho ocmaapumu jom
oaa u,ulba: npBo - np11Kyrr:t1TJ1 p;oKa3e Koj:t1 cy n0Tpe6H11 p;a ce yTBp.n;:t1
Mp;eHnueT yq:t1HJ1OQa, J1 .n;pyro - .n;oKa3e 3a Koje rrocTojJ1 orracHOCT .n;a ce
Herre MOilJ1 IIOHOBJ1TI1 Ha maBHOM rrpeTpecy J1JIJ1 6I1 H>J1XOBO I13BOljeH>e
331 fpy6a'!, M. (2008). Opus citatum, CTp. 375.
270 AneKcattp;ap ooUIKOBwh, Tallia Kernh: Kpu6U'-tHO npou,eCHo npa0O

6m10 OTe)KaHO, Kao J1 ,n;pyrH ,n;oKa3J1 KOjJ1 Mory 6J1TJ1 o,n; KOpHCTl1 3a rro­
cTyrraK, a 'mje ce l13Bol)eH>e, c ofo11poM Ha OKOJIHOCTH crryqaja, rroKasyje
u;eJil1CXO,lJ;Hl1M.
OrnoaHe 1wpaKmepucmuKe ucmpaze 611 ce, yKpaTKO, orne,n;ane y crre­
,n;eheM. Hajnpe, maBHH cy6jeKTl1 11cTpare cy, Kao J1 y npe,n;11cTpa)KHOM
nocTyrrKy, jaBHl1 TY:>KHJiau; l1 nOJIJ1ll;l1ja, C Tl1M llITO ce no,n; 3aKOHCKJ1M
ycJIOBHMa y o,n;pel)eHOM ,n;oMeHy MO)Ke rrojaBHTM J1 cy,n;11ja 3a npeTXO,lJ;HJ1
nocTyrraK.
,Il;a7be, noqeTaK 11cTpare sesyje ce sa nocTojaH>e ocHoBa cyM1ve ,n;a je
l13BpllleHo Kp11s11qHo ,n;eno sa Koje ce roH>eH>e npe,n;ysMMa no cJiy)K6ettoj
,n;y)KHOCTH J1JIJ1 ,n;a je o,n;pet)etto rr11:u;e )"IHHHJIO Kp11s11qHo ,n;erro sa Koje ce
roH>eH>e npe,n;ys11Ma no CJiy)K6eHoj ,n;y)KHOCTH, IIITO 3Haq11 ,n;a ce MCTpa­
ra MO)Ke BO,lJ;l1TJ1 J1 npOTHB n03HaTor l1 npOTJ1B Hen03HaTOr )"IJ1HJ10u;a.
3aKOHCKl1, ocHoB cyM1ve no,n;pasyMeBa cKyrr q11H>ett11u;a Koje nocpeo1-w
yKasyjy ,n;a je )"IMH>eHo Kp11s11qHo ,n;erro HJIJ.1 ,n;a je o,n;pel)etto rr11u;e )"Il1HJ1-
Jiau; Kp11B11qttor ,n;erra.
3HaqajHo je 11cTanJ1 ,n;a je sa rroqeTaK 11cTpare noTpe6Ha cpopMarrtta
o,n;rrJKa Ha,n;Jie)KHOr opraHa, 11 TO Hapeo6a jaaHoz myJ1Cuou,a o n0Kpema1vy
ucmpaze aKO cy 11cnyH>eHl1 npeTXO,ll;HO Hase,n;eHH 3aKOHCKJ1 YCJIOBJ.1.
TaKol)e, l1CTpary cnpOBO,ll;J.1 Ha,n;Jie)KHl1 jaBHl1 TY)KJ1Jiau; l1 TOM np11m1-
KOM npe,n;ys11Ma noje,n;11He ,n;oKasHe pa,n;H>e, c TMM ,n;a MO)Ke n0Bep11T11 ,n;o­
Ka3He pa,n;tt,e KaKO ,n;pyroM jaBHOM Ty)KJ1:ou;y TaKO l1 nOJil1ll;l1jl1, no,n; J1C­
nyH>eH>eM o,n;pel)eHHX 3aKOHCKl1X yrnoBa.
Hajsa,n;, 3HaqajHa HOBHHa y 3KI1 je ,n;a ocyMH>11qeH11 11 tt,eros 6paHJ.1rrau;
Mory caMOCTaJIHO np11KyrrlbaTJ1 ,n;oKase 11 MaTep11jarr y Kop11cT o,n;6patte, a
Mory ce 06paTJ1TJ1 M Ha,n;Jie)KHOM jaBHOM Ty)K11ou;y ,n;a npe,n;ysMe o,n;pel)etty
,n;oKa3HY pa,n;H>y TOKOM J1CTpare.

2. JaBHH TY)I(HJian; Kao cy6jeKaT J1CTpare H lberoBa ,11;erraTHOCT

CaCBJ1M je rron1qHO l1 OCHOBaHO p;a y MO,IJ;erry TY)KHJiaqKe l1CTpare mas­
HM cy6jeKT J1CTpare 6y,11;e jaBHJ1 TY)KHJiau; Kao llITO je TO 6110 MCTpa)KHJ1
cy,n;11ja y Kottu;enTy cyp;cKe 11cTpare, c THM ,n;a yrrora cy,n;Mje HHje y noTny­
HOCTJ.1 HCK7b)"IeHa y TY)KMJiaqKoj J.1CTpasJ.1. CTora jaBHJ.1 TY)KMJiau; ,IJ;OHOCJ.1
Hape,11;6y O crrposot)eH>y J.1CTpare Kap;a Ha OCHOBY npl1KYII7beHJ.1X l1H<})Op­
Mau;Mja, nop;aTaKa J1 p;oKasa ou;eHH ,n;a MMa noTpe6e sa noKpeTatt,eM no­
cTynKa, a npl1KYII7beHe ':IJ/IH>eHJ1u;e H.ncy ,D;OBOJbHe p;a 6.n Ha OCHOBY H,J1X
MOrao IIO,IJ;J.1IlJ.1 OnTy)I(HJ.1QY KaKO 6J1 yrrpaBO cnpose,n;eHOM MCTparoM
npJ.1Kyn110 ,IJ;OB07bHO ,IJ;OKa3a KOjJ.1 MY p;ajy OCHOB 3a nO,IJ;J.13aH,e onTy)KttJ1u;e
npoTJ.1B OKpMB7beHor.
 IIpeTXOAHM noCTyrraK 273

Ba)I(HO je 11cTah11 ,rr;a rrpoTJ1B Hape,rr;6e o crrpoaot)eH>y 11cTpare H11je M0-

ryhe YJI0)KJ1TJ1 HJ1KaKBO rrpaBH0 cpe,rr;CTB0 KOjl1M 6J1 ce J13BpIImJia H>eHa
KOHTpona. To 3Haq1,1 ,rr;a ce rrpoTMB Hape,rr;6e o crrpoaol)eH>y J1CTpare He
MO)J(e YJI0)KJ1TJ1 HJ1 rrp11roaop BJ1IIIeM jaBHOM TY)KJ10u;y HJ1TJ1 )KaJI6a 0
Kojoj 61,1 o,rr;nyq11aao cy,rr;. Ka,rr;a ce caeMy T0Me ,D;o,rr;a J1 qJ1H>eHJ1u;a ,rr;a 3KII
H3pJ1qJ1T0 rrpon1,1cyje ,rr;a ce KpJ1BJ1qHJ1 nocTyrraK cMaTpa noKpeHyTMM ,rr;o­
H0IIIeH>eM Hape,rr;6e o crrpoaol)eH>y J1cTpare, ott,rr;a Haae,rr;etto peIIIeH>e rro­
craje aeoMa ,rr;J1cKyTa6mrno J1 o TOMe je aeh 61,1no ,rr;ocTa peqJ1.

2.2. Crrpoaol)eH>e J1 npoumpeH>e MCTpare

Ilope,rr; OBJiaIIIheH>a ,rr;a ,rr;oHece ttape,rr;6y o crrpoBoljeH>y J1cTpare, jaBHJ1
ry)J(J1Jiau; je Ha,rr;Jie)KaH J1 oa Boou ucmpazy. OcHoBHO je npaBJ1JI0 ,rr;a jaBHJ1
TY)KJ1Jiau; npl17IJ1K0M npe,rr;y3J1MaH>a A0Ka3HJ1X pa,rr;H>J1 Mopa B0)J;J1TJ1 paqyHa
0 MeCHoj Ha,rr;Jie)KH0CTJ1, IIIT0 3HaqJ1 ,rr;a jaBHJ1 TY)KJ1Jiau; npe,rr;y3J1Ma )J;0Ka3He
pa,rr;r1,e caMo Ha noopyt-tjy rnoz my:HCunaiumBa, Tj. Ha no,rr;pyqjy tta,rr;Jie)J(H0-
crM cy,rr;a npe,rr; KOjJ1M II0CTyna. Mel)yTMM, aKo J1HTepec J1CTpare 3ax:TeBa,
OH M0)Ke rroje,rr;11He ,rr;oKa3He pa,rr;H>e rrpe,rr;y3eTJ1 11 BaH noopyt-tja caor jaBHOr
TY)J(J1JiaIIITBa, aJIJ1 je ,rr;y)KaH ,rr;a 0 T0Me o6aBeCTJ1 jaBHOr TY)KJ10u;a KOjl1 no­
cryrra rrpe,rr; cy,rr;oM Ha q:vrjeM no,rr;pyqjy rrpe,rr;y3vrMa ,rr;oKa3He pa,rr;H>e.
Mo,u;en TY)KVIJiaqKe :vrCTpare rro,rr;pa3yMeBa ,rr;a jaBHvr TY)KVIJiau; y J1c­
rpa3J1 M0)Ke, rro,rr; MCIIYH>eH>eM o,rr;roaapajyh11x 3aK0HCKI1X yrnoaa, rrpe­
p;y3en1 cae ,rr;oKa3He pa,rr;H>e 3a Koje cMaTpa ,D;a cy Heorrxo,D;He KaKo fo1 ce
permrna J1 pacBeTJIJ1Jia K0HKpeTHa KpI1BJ1qHa CTBap. llecTO jaBHJ1 TY)KVI­
rrau; Hehe 611TJ1 y MoryhttoCTJ1 ,rr;a caMocTaJIH0 rrpe,rr;y3Me rroje,D;J1He ,D;0Ka3He
pap;H>e, na je npe,rr;aJ11)eHo ,rr;a MO)Ke 3axmeBamu nompe6Hy noMoh oo nonu­
u,uje U opyzux op:HCa6HUX opzaHa (qJI. 298, CT. 4). Y 3aKOHl1KY ce l13pJ1qJ1TO
IIOMJ1H,e cpopeH3J1qKa J1 aHaJIJ1TJ1qKa IIOMOil II0JIJ1ll;J1je, aJIJ1 CBaKaK0 ,rr;a y
ofoJ1p ,ll;0Jia3e J1 ,rr;pyrJ1 BJ1,ll;0BJ1 IlOMOilJ1 y 3aBJ1CHOCTJ1 0,ll; K0HKpeTHe CJ1-
ryau;11je. Y caaKoM rnyqajy, rron11u;11ja J1 ,D;pyr11 ,rr;p)KaBHJ1 opram1 cy ,rr;y)KHJ1
p;a Ha 3ax:TeB TY)KJ,fOll;a rrpy)Ke rpa)KeHy IIOMOil. McTO TaKO, U opyzo npa6H0
llUU,e je AY)KH0 )];a rrpy)KJ1 noMoh 3a rrpe,rr;y3J1Ma1I>e ,n;oKa3He pa,ll;H>e Koja He
rprrM 0,D;naraH>e, aKo je TO 3ax:Teaao jaBHJ1 TY)KJ,mau;.
TaKol)e, J1CTpary M0)Ke crrp0BO,ll;J1TJ1 je,D;HO, 3aK0HOM o,rr;pel)eHO jaB­
H0 TY)KMJiaIIITB0 y KOjeM he ce 3a rro,rr;pyqje BJ1IIIe jaBHJ1X TY)KJ1JiaIIITaBa
cnpoB0,ll;J1TJ1 MCTpara (ucmpa:HCrtu u,ertmap). MnaK, Tpe6a HarnacJ1TJ1 ,rr;a
OBa 3aKOHCKa MoryhHOCT CTBapaH>a l1CTpa)KHJ1X u;eHTapa joIII yaeK HJ1je
peam130BaHa. CTBapaH>e J1CTpa)KHJ1X u;eHTapa OTBapa HJ13 KaK0 opraHJ1-
3aQJ10HMX J1 Ka,D;p0BCKJ1X IIJ1TaH>a, TaK0 J1 HJ13 npou;ecyaJIHJ1X IIJ1Ta1I>a, Ha­
poqv1T0 y ae311 ca pacrrop;enoM Ha)];Jie)KH0CTJ1 J13Me1)y J1CTpa)I(HJ1X u;eHTapa
M Ha)];Jie)KHOCTJ1 jaBHJ1X TY)KJ1JiaIIITaBa, jep 0CHJ1Ba1I>e J1CTpa)I(HJ1X u;eHTa-
274 AneKcaH;a,ap EoIIIKOBMh, TaH>a Kernh: KpueuttHO npou,eetto npaeo

pa IIOBJia'Iltl J1 Il0Tpe6y Jtl3MeHe MecHe, a eBeHTyaJIHO Jtl CTBapHe Hap;Jie)K­

HOCTJ1 jaBHltlX TY)l(HJianITaBa. 332
Y TOKY HCTpare Hap;rre)l(HJ1 jaBHH TY)l(ltlJiaQ MO)l(e ltl noBepumu rrpe,zw-
3ltlMafue Tiojep;Jt1HJ1X p;oKa3HltlX pap;lhJ1. Hajrrpe, MO)l(e rroBepHTltl Tipep;y311-
Malbe rroje,n;J1He ,n;oKa3He pap;:tt,e jaBHOM myJKuou,y Koju nocmyna npeo cy­
OOM Ha '-tUjeM noopy'-tjy mpe6a npeoy3emu me paoHJe, a aKO je 3a Tio,n;pyqje
BltlIIIe cyp;oBa o,n;pe1)eH je,n;aH cy,n; 3a yKa3J1Balbe TipaBHe TIOMon.11 - oHµ;a
jaBHOM TY)l(l10QY KOjl1 TIOCTyrra Tipe,n; TltlM cy,n;oM ('Irr. 299, CT. 1). Kao llITO
ce MO)l(e rrpJ1MeTl1TJ1, Ha,n;Jie)l(HJtl jaBH11 TY)l(J1JiaQ rropep; Tora IIITO MO)Ke
caMocTaJIHO Tipe,n;y3eTJ1 Tiojep;Jt1He ,n;oKa3He pap;:tt,e BaH noopy'-tja cBor
jaBHOr TY)l(J1JiaIIITBa, MO)l(e Jtl IIOBepHTJ1 lbl1XOBO rrpep;y3J1Malhe ,n;pyroM
jaBHOM TY)l(J10QY Ha 'IJ1jeM rrop;pyqjy 1,rnaqe Tpe6a Tipe,n;y3eTJ1 ,n;oKa3tty
pa;a,lhy. CBaKaKO ,n;a he y 3aBJ1CHOCTJtl o,n; KOHKpeTHOr cnyqaja Ha,n;Jie)l(HM
jaBHl1 TY)l(ltlJiaQ QeHJ1TJ.1 ,n;a Jiltl he caMOCTaJIHO Tipe,n;y3eT11 p;oKa3HY pap;I-by
Ha rro,n;pyqjy ,n;pyror jaBHOr TY)l(l1TiaIIITBa ltlllH he ce OAllYlfHTltl ,n;a Tipep;y311-
Malhe ,n;oKa3He pa,n;lbe TIOBepH TOM ,n;pyroM jaBHOM TY)l(l10Qy. Ba)l(HO je J1C­
Tailltl ,n;a he jaBHJ.1 TY)l(J1llaQ KOjeM je TIOBepeHO Tipep;y3J1Malbe TIOjep;l1HJ1X
)];OKa3HJ1X pap;lbl1 rrpe,n;y3eTltl TIO IIOTpe611 U opyze OOKa3He paOHJe KOje ca
OBJ1M CTOje y Be3l1 Jtllll1 J13 lbJ1X TIPOl1CTl1'IY ('Ill. 299, CT. 2). Allltl, aKO jaBHJ1
TY)KltlllaQ KojeM je TIOBepeHO rrpe)W3J1Malbe rroje,n;J1HJ1X ,ll;OKa3HJ1X pap;I-bM
Hltlje 3a TO Ha,n;Jie)KaH, AOCTaBJ1Ile rrpe,n;MeT Hap;lle)KHOM jaBHOM TY)KJ10QY
l1 0 TOMe he o6aBeCTJtlTJ1 jaBHOf TY)Kl10Qa KOjJ1 MY je rrpe,n;MeT ,n;ocTaBJ10.
TaKo1)e, jaBHJ1 Ty)K1,rnaQ MO)Ke noBepumu nonuu,uju J13BpIIIefue rrojep;11H11x
p;oKa3HJ1X pap;:tt,ltl y CKlla,n;y ca o,n;pe,n;6aMa 3KIT.
ITope,n; Tora IIITO je jaBHJtl TY)KJtlllaQ Hap;lle)KaH p;a BO,ll;Jtl J1CTpary, OH
je ,n;y)KaH J1 ,n;a oopJKaea peo moKoM ucmpaze ('Ill. 305). HajTipe, YKOJIHKO
llltlQe 3a BpeMe Tipep;y3J1Malha p;oKa3He pap;lbe HapYIIIaBa pep;, jaBHltl TY)KJ1-
JiaQ he ra onoMeHymu, a aKo HacTaBH p;a HapYIIIaBa pep; MO)l(e 611TH J1 HOB­
'-taHo KaJICHJeH, C TltlM p;a peIIIelbe O HOB'IaHoj Ka3HJ1 J1CKJbY'fJ1BO ,ll;OHOCM
cyp;Hja 3a rrpeTXO,D;Hl1 IIOCTyrraK. JhtQe KojeM je ltl3pe'IeHa HOB'IaHa Ka3Ha
J1Ma rrpaBo ,n;a YllO)Kltl )Kall6y Ha TaKBY o,n;nyKy cyp;Hje, Koja He 3a,n;p)KaBa
J13BpIIIelbe pernelha, J1 o fuoj he op;nyq11BaTJ1 BaHrrpeTpecHo Bene. KoHa'I­
HO, JiltlQe Koje HapYIIIaBa pep; MO)Ke 6HTl1 11 yp;albeHo ca MeCTa r,n;e ce Tipe­
AY3HMa ,ll;OKa3Ha pap;lha, aKO lbefOBO yqeIIIhe Hltlje HeOIIXO,ll;HO.
J1CTO TaKO, jaBHJ1 TY)KltlllaQ je y o6aBe3l1 J1 ,n;a BO,D;Jtl pa'IyHa O Henpa­
BUllHOCmUMa y moKy ucmpaze. Y TOM CMJ1clly, OCYMlhltl'-IeHltl J1 lheroB
6paHJ1llaQ Mory op;Ma:x TIO ca3Hafuy, a HajKacH11je p;o 3aBprneTKa ltlCTpare,
rrop;HeTJtl TipltlrOBOp HeTiocpep;HO Bl1IIIeM jaBHOM TY)KJ10QY 36or op;yroBrra­
'Ielba IIOCTyrrKa J1 p;pyrltlX HerrpaBltlTIHOCTJtl y TOKY l1CTpare ('!JI. 312, CT. 1).

332 6ejaTOB11li, C. (2014). Opus citatum, cTp. 393.

 IlpeTXO)l;HJ-1 IlOCTynaK 275

ITpom1caHa je o6aBe3a Henocpe,n;Ho BI,uuer jaBHor TY)KMOQa ,n;a y poKy o,n;

8 .u;aHa o,n; p;aHa npMjeMa npMroBopa p;oHece pernett,e KOjMM MO)Ke o,n;6J1TJ1
J1JIJ1 YCBOjJ1TJ1 npMrOBop, C TJ1M ,n;a rrpOTJ1B OBOr peruelba HJ1je ,ll;03BOlbeHa
)KaJI6a HJ1TJ1 npMroBop, arrM je ,n;o3BOJbeHa npMTy)K6a cy,n;MjM 3a npeTxo,n;HM
nocTyrraK aKo je rrpMroBop o,n;6MjeH. AKo jaBHJ1 TY)KMJiaQ ,n;oHece pernett,e
KOjJ1M yCBaja rrpMrOBOp, OH,n;a he J13,D;aTJ1 o6aBe3HO ynyTCTBO Ha,n;Jie)KHQM
jaBHOM TY)KJ10QY ,n;a OTKJIOHJ1 yTBpi)eHe HenpaBJ1JIHOCTJ1 y TOKY J1CTpare
(•rn. 312, CT. 2). C ,n;pyre CTpaHe, aKo npMroBop 6y,n;e o,n;6MjeH, OC)7Mif>Wie­
Hl1 J1 lberOB 6paHJ1Jia� Mory y poKy o,n; 8 ,n;aHa no npMjeMy perneH>a no,n;­
Hern npumyJ1C6y cyouju 3a npemxooHu nocmyna1<, KOjM he aKo ou;eHJ1 p;a
je npMTy)K6a ocHoBaHa, HaJIO)KJ1TJ1 p;a ce npe,n;y3MY Mepe 3a OTKJialbalbe
HenpaBJ1JIHOCTJ1.
Haj3a,n;, OCHOBHO je npaBMJIO ,n;a ce J1cTpara cnp0Bo,n;J1 caMo y norne,n;y
OHOr KpMBJ1liHOr p;ena J1 npOTJ1B OHOr ocyMlbJ1qeHor Ha KOje ce O,ll;HOCJ1
Hape,n;6a o cnpoBol)ett,y MCTpare. Mel)yTMM, aKo ce y TOKY J1cTpare no­
Ka)Ke ,n;a noCTynaK Tpe6a nporn11pJ1TJ1 Ha Koje opyzo 1<puawmo oeno unu
npomua opy202 nuu,a, jaBHM TY)KJ1JiaQ he Hape,n;6oM nporuJ1pJ1TJ1 MCTpary
(qn_ 306, CT. 1 11 2). Hape,n;6a o npornMpett,y MCTpare Mapa ca,n;p)KaT11 CBe
OHe o6aBe3He eJieMeHTe, Mopa 6J1TJ1 l1CnOllITOBaH 3aKOHCKl1 poK 3a If>eHO
.u;oHoIIIeH:>e, Kao 11 npaBMJia o p;ocTaBJbaH:>y Koja 11:Hat.J:e Ba)Ke 3a Hape,n;6y o
cnpoBol}elby MCTpare.

2.� ,UoKa3He pa,n;lhe jaBHor TY)KMO�a

JaBHJ1 TY)KMJia� noKpehe 11:cTpary ,n;oHOIIIeif>eM Hape,n;6e o cnpoBol)ett,y
J1CTpare J1 Kao IIITO je n03HaTO, OCHOBHJ1 �l1Jb J1CTpare jecTe npMKynlbatt,e
,!J;OKa3a J1 no,n;aTaKa KOjl1 cy n0Tpe6H11 ,n;a 6J1 ce MOrJIO O,ll;lIYt.J:l1TJ1 ,n;a JIM
he ce no,n;J1h11 onTy)KHM�a 11n11 o6yCTaBMTl1 noCTyrraK. ,Ua 611 jaBHJ1 TY­
)KJ1JiaQ nocT11rao npOKJiaMOBaHl1 �J1Jb l1CTpare, OH rrpe,n;y3MMa, rrpe CBe­
ra, ,!J;OKa3He pa,n;lbe Ha OCHOBY KOjMX 6M Tpe6ano ,n;ohM ,n;o '-IJ1If>eH11u;a Koje
yKa3yjy Ha rrocTOjaH>e onpaB,n;aHe cyMH>e p;a je o,n;pel)eHo JIMQe Yt.J:MHMJIO
Kpl1BJ1qHo ,n;eno 3a Koje ce rOHM no CJiy)K6eHoj ,n;y)KHOCTJ1, KaKO 6J1 jaBHl1
ry)KJ1JiaQ HaCTaB110 nocTyrraK rro,n;113att,eM onTy)KHJ1�e. I1Hat.J:e, 3aKOHl1K
o KpMBMqHoM nocTynKy rrpon11cyje ,n;eceT ,n;oKa3H11x pa,n;H:>11: cacnyIIIalbe
OKpl1BlbeHor, l1Cnl1Tl1Batt,e CBe,n;oKa, YBMi)aj, peKOHCTPYK�Mjy, BeIIITa­
tJeH>e, y311Matt,e y3opaKa, npeTpecalbe CTaHa, ,n;pyr11x npoCTop11ja M JIMQa,
rrpHBpeMeHo o,n;y3MMalbe npe,n;MeTa, ,n;oKa311Balbe 11:cnpaBOM 11 npoBepy
paqytta 11 cyMlhMBMX TpaHcaK�11ja.
JaBHM Ty)K11JiaQ je dominus litis Qerror npeTxop;Hor noCTynKa, a rroce6-
HO J1CTpare Kao ,n;pyre cpa3e npeTXO,ll;HOr nocTynKa. Y TOM CMMCJIY, jaBHl1
 ITpeTXOJ:i;H11 rroCTyrraK 277

TpaHcaKI..\11ja 11 aeuITa'-leli>e. IIITo ce Tl1'-le ocTan11x p;oKa3Hl1X pap;Ii>11 Koje

jaBHH Ty)K11JiaQ MO)Ke npep;y3en,1 y 11cTpa311, 334 3a H>l1XOBO rrpep;y311MaH>e y
ocHOBH aa)Ke HFTa rrpoQecHa npaa.nna Kao .n 3a rron.nQHjy y npep;HcTpa)K­
HOM IIOCTyrrKy J1 0 H,J1Ma je Beh 6J1JIO pe'-IJ.1.

2.3.1. IIpucycmBO OOKQ3HUM pao1-baMa

Ka.n;a ce pa3MaTpa nHTali>e npHcycTBa ,n;oKa3HHM pa,n;H>aMa, npeaac­
xo,n;Ho ce MHCJIH Ha MoryhHocT ,n;a ocyMii>J1"'-leHJ1, H>eroB 6paHJ1JiaQ .nnH
owreheH11 np11cycTByjy HeKoj ,n;oKa3Hoj pa,n;Ii>H Kojy npe,n;y3HMa jaBHl1 Ty­
)l(JrnaQ y 11CTpa3M. KoHKpeTHO, y nHTali>y je 06aae3a jaBHOr TY)KJ10Qa ,n;a 0
rroje,n;HHl1M ,n;oKa3Hl1M pa,n;Ii>aMa Ha apeMe 06aaecTJ1 Haae,n;eHe 3aHHTepe­
coBatte cy6jeKTe, c THM IllTO Tpe6a Harnac11TJ1 ,n;a Ta 06aae3a He Ba)KJ.1 3a
cBe, seh caMo 3a noje,n;.nHe ,n;oKa3He pa,n;H>e.
Hajnpe, Ka,n;a je y TIHTali>y cacnylllaH>e ocyMii>11'-leHor, jaaH11 TY)KHJiaQ je
Ay)KaH ,n;a 6paHl10QY ocyMii>l1'-leHOr yrryTJ1 n0311B KaKO 6H np11cycTBOBao
cacnyrnaH>y.
Ka,n;a je peq o 11c11J1T11Bali>y cae,n;oKa 11nJ1 aelllTaKa, OH,n;a je jaBHH TY)KH­
na� ,n;y)KaH ,n;a OCYMii>J.1'-leHOM J1 Ii>erOBOM 6paHJ10QY ynyTJ1 110311B, ,ll;OK he
owreheHor caMo 06aaecTJ1T11 o apeMeHy 11 MecTy J.1CTIJ1T11Ba1i>a. Met,,yT11M,
aKO 110311B OCJMii>l1'-leHOM J1 Ii>erOBOM 6paHl10QY H.nje ,n;oCTaBJbeH y CKJiap;y
ca o,n;pe,n;6aMa 3KI1, O,ll;HOCHO aKO ce J1CTpara B0,ll;J.1 npOTHB Hell03HaTor
}"IHHHOQa, jaBHH Ty)K1,maQ MO)Ke 11pe,n;y3eT11 11c11J1n,rnaH,e cae,n;oKa HJIH
BeillTaKa caMO no 11peTXO,ll;HOM op;o6peH,y cyp;Mje 3a 11peTXO,D;HM IlOCTyrraK
(qn. 300, CT. 6). Oaa o.n;pe.n;6a je BeoMa 3Ha'-lajHa c ofoMpoM Ha TO p;a ce
J,tCTpara qeCTO MO)Ke BOAMTM M npOTJ.1B HellO3HaTor J'-IHHJ1OQa. Y TaKBJ1M
rnryal..\HjaMa, jaBHJ.1 TY)KHJiaQ op;pet,,eHO JIMQe MO)Ke J1CllJ1TaT11 y CBojcTBy
cBe,n;oKa HJIH aelllTaKa caMo no npeTxo,n;HoM o,n;o6peH>y cyp;Hje 3a npeT­
xo,n;H11 nocTyrraK.
�albe, o,n; OlllllTer 11paB11na Koje ce o,n;Hoc11 Ha Mcn11TJ1Bali>e cBe,n;oKa J1
rrpeMa KOjeM je jaBHM TY)KMJiaQ p;y)KaH p;a ocyMlbl1'-leHOM 11 lberOBOM 6pa­
HHOQY ynyTM 1103MB, TIOCTOjH jep;aH H3y3eTaK. HaHMe, y IlOCTyrrl.\HMa 3a
KpHBl1'-IHa ,n;ena 3a Koja je 11oce6H11M 3aKOHOM op;pet,,eHo p;a noCTyrra jaB­
HO ry)KMJialllTBO 11oce6He Hap;ne)KHOCT11 (Ty)K11JialllTBO 3a opraHH30BaHH
Kp11M11Han H Ty)KHJialllTBO 3a paTHe 3JIO'-IMHe), jaBHH TY)KHJial.\ MO)Ke J1C­
IIHTaTJ1 cae,n;oKa H 6e3 n03HBali>a ocyMI-hH'-leHor J1 Ii>eroaor 6paHHOQa p;a
rrpHcycTByjy l1CllJ1TJ1Balby aKO 01\eHH p;a H,J1XOBO npHCYCTBO MO)Ke YTJ1-
�aTJ1 Ha cae,n;oKa. Y TOM cnyqajy cy,n;CKa o.n;nyKa ce He MO)Ke 3acHOBaTJ1 HC­
KlbyqHBO J17IJ1 y Op;Jiyqyjyhoj MepH Ha TOM J1CKa3y CBe,n;oKa ('-In. 300, CT. 2).
334 Cacnywafue oKpHB/beHor (ocyM!bH'leHor), yni,i�aj, peKOHCTPYKL\Hja, npeTpecafue CTaHa,
11pyrJ,fX npOCTOpHja H nHL\a, npi,ispeMeHO OAY3.11Mafue npeAMeTa H AOKa3HBalbe i,icnpaBOM.
278 AneKcaH,IWP EollIKOBtth, TaH>a Kernh: Kpuawmo npou,ecHo npaao

YKom1Ko je peq o yBI:,d)ajy, rrpaBo ;a;a 6y;a;y 06aBenITeHJ1 11 ;a;a rrp11cy­

cTByjy yBJ,d)ajy J1Majy ocyMtt,J1qem,1, fueroB 6pattmiaQ 11 OIIITehem,r.
J1Majyh11 y BHAY KapaKTep yB11t')aja 11 ,n;a ce yB11f)aj Hajqe11Ihe npe,n;y311Ma y
npe,n;11cTpcDKHOM nocTyrrKy, Tj. o,n;Max HaK0H J13Bp11Iefua Kpl1BJ1l.J:H0f p;erra,
MO)KeMO 3aKJb)":IJ1TJ1 ,n;a he OBaKaB B11)]; 06aBe1IITaBafua HaBe,n;eHJ1X cy6je­
KaTa y HajBeheM 6pojy CJI)":lajeBa 113ocTaTJ1.
AKo ocyMH>J1l.J:eHJ1 11Ma 6patt110Qa, jaBHl1 TY)KJ1JiaQ he, no npaB11rry, no-
3J1BaT11 O)];HOCH0 06aBe1IITaBaTJ1 caMO 6paHJ10Qa. C ,n;pyre CTpaHe, aKO je
ocyMH>WieH11 y np11rnopy, a ,n;oKa3Ha pa,n;fua ce npe,n;y311Ma Batt ce,n;:nrnra
cy,n;a, jaBHl1 TY)KJ1JiaQ he OAJI)":ll1Tl1 ,n;a rr:n je noTpe6tto np11cycTB0 ocyM1M1-
qettor (qrr. 300, CT. 4). TaKof)e, jaBHJ1 TY)KMJiaQ je ,n;y)KaH ,n;a cTp)":IHOr ca­
BeTHMKa 06aBecT11 ,n;a MO)Ke ,n;a np11cycrnyje Be1IITal.J:eH>y.
Y Be311 ca rrp11cycTBOM HaBe,n;ett11x cy6jeKaTa rroje,n;11HJ1M ,n;oKa3HMM
pa,n;fuaMa y :ncTpa311 noce6tty na)KH>Y 3aCJiy)Kyjy jolII ,n;Ba rr11TaH>a. IlpBo -
,n;a rr11 ce ,n;oKa3Ha pa,n;1M MO)Ke npe,n;y3eT11 y o,n;cycrny HaBe,n;ett11x JIMQa, M
,n;pyro - KaKBa cy H,J1XOBa npaBa J1 AY)KHOCTJ1 np:nJIMKOM np11cycTBOBaH,a
,1J;OKa3HJ1M pa,n;H>aMa.
Pa3MaTpajyh11 rr11TaH>e ,n;a rr11 ce ,n;oKa3Ha pa,n;H>a MO)Ke npe,n;y3eT11 y op;­
cycTBY HaBe,n;ett11x rr11Qa, 3aKOHJ1K 3ay311Ma no3J1TJ1BaH cTaB, Tj. 113p:nq11ro
je nporr11caHo ,n;a aKo rr:nQe KojeM je yrryheH II03l1B, op;Hoctto 06aBe1IITeH,e
o ,n;oKa3Hoj pa,n;tt,11 - tt11je np11cyTH0, pa,n;H>a ce MO)Ke npe,n;y3eT11 11 y lhe­
roBoM o,n;cycTBy (l.!rr. 300, CT. 7). C ,n;pyre CTpatte, JIJ1Qa Koja np11cycTByjy
p;oKa3HJ1M pa,n;fuaMa Mory J1MaTJ1 l1 aKTJ1BHY yrrory, Tj. Hl1CY caMO HeMJ1
nocMaTpaq11. TaKo OHM Mory npe,n;JIO)KJ1TJ1 jaBHOM TY)KJ10QY ,n;a pap;11
pa3jalIIH>eH>a crnap11 nocTaBl1 o,n;pet')etta n11TaH>a ocyMH>J1l.J:eHOM, CBe,n;oKy
J1JIJ1 BelIITaKy, a no )];03B0JIJ1 jaBHOf TY)Kl10Qa Mory nocTaBJbaTJ1 IIJ1TaH,a
11 ttenocpe,n;tto. TaKot')e, oBa rr11Qa 11Majy npaBo 11 ,n;a 3ax:TeBajy ,n;a ce y 3a­
n11cHJ1K yttecy 11 H>l1XOBe rrp11Me,n;6e y norrre,n;y npe,n;y311MaH>a nojep;:nHMX
pa,n;fuM, a Mory 11 npe,n;rraraT11 rrp11KyrnbaH>e noje,n;11tt11x ,n;oKa3a (qrr. 300, CT.
8). Met')yT11M, HaBe,n;etta JIJ1Qa Mory 11MaTJ1 11 o,n;pet')ette ,n;y)KH0CTJ1 . HaMMe,
aK0 je TO HeOIIX0)];HO pap;M 3alIITJ1Te J1HTepeca HaQM0HaJIHe 6e36e,n;HOCT.M,
jaBHor pe,n;a l1 Moparra, J1HTepeca MarrorreTHJ1Ka, rrp11BaTHOCTJ1 )":leCHMKa y
nocTyrrKy J1JIJ1 ;o;pyr11x onpaB,n;aHMX l1HTepeca y ,n;eMoKpaTCK0M APYIIITBY,
opraH IIOCTyrrKa KOjl1 npe,n;y311Ma ,1J;0Ka3HY pa,n;H>y Hape,n;:nhe JIJ1QJ1Ma Koja
caCJIYIIIaBa, O)J;HOCHO 11cn11Tyje J1JIJ1 Kaja rrp11cycTByjy ,1J;OKa3HJ1M pa,n;fuaMa
11rr11 pa3rrre,n;ajy crr11ce :ncTpare ,n;a qyBajy Kao Tajtty o,n;pet')ette l.J:J1H>eHm�e
11rr11 rro,n;aTKe Koje cy TOM np11rr11K0M ca3Harra 11 yrro3op11he 11x ,n;a o,n;aBaH>e
Tajtte npe,n;cTaBJba Kp11BJ1l.J:HO ,n;erro (•rn. 304, CT. 1). OBa ttape,n;6a he ce ytte­
Tl1 y 3anJ1CHJ1K 0 p;oKa3HOj pa,D;H>l1, 0)];H0CH0 3a6erre)KJ1he ce Ha cnJ1CJ1Ma
Koj11 ce pa3rrre,n;ajy, y3 n0Tn11c rr11Qa Koje je yno3opetto (qrr. 304, CT. 2). Y
0B0M CJI)":lajy ce pa,n;M O qyBaH>y Tajtte T0KOM I1CTpare l1 M0)Ke ce np11Me-
288 AneKcattp;ap BollIKosv1h, TaH>a Kernh: KpuauttH.o npou,eCH.o npaao

je 3aKOHCKO perne1ne npeMa KojeM ce noce6Ho oceTJbl1BOM CBep;oKy MO)Ke

nocTaBl1Tl1 l1 nyttOMOilHl1K, aKO je TO noTpe6HO pap;w 3alliTl1Te l1HTepeca
noce6Ho oceTJbl1Bor CBep;oKa (qn. 103, CT. 3). AKo ce noce6Ho oceTJbJi!­
BOM CBep;oKy noCTaBl-1 nyHOMOilHJ1K, 3HaqajHO je J1CTahu p;a perneH>e 0
nocTaBJbaH>y nyHOMOilHJ1Ka ,ll;OHOCJ1 opraH nocTyrrKa KOjJ1 je l1Haqe Hap;­
Jie)KaH 3a p;oHorneH>e perneH>e o op;pet)11Batt,y CTaTyca noce6Ho oceTJbJ1Bor
CBep;oKa (jaBHJ1 TY)KJ1Jiau,, npep;cep;HJ1K Bena J1JIJ1 cyp;11ja nojep;J1Hau,), an11
caMor nyHOMOilHJ1Ka nocTaBJba jaBHJ1 TY)KJ1Jia1.J, J1JIJ1 npep;cep;HMK cyp;a no
pep;ornep;y ca cnJ1CKa ap;BOKaTa KOjJ1 cyp;y ,ll;OCTaBJba Hap;Jie)KHa ap;BOKaT­
CKa KOMopa 3a op;pelj11Ba1ne 6patt11nau,a no cny)K6eHoj p;y)KHOCTJ1. Haj3ap;,
6e3 ofo11pa Ha TO p;a JIJ1 je Hap;Jie)KHJ1 opraH nocTyrrKa yCBojuo J1JIJ1 op;6110
3axTeB p;a ce op;pet)eHOM n11u,y o;n;pep;J1 CTaTyc noce6Ho oceTJbJ1Bor CBep;o­
Ka, Ha TaKBO perne1ne HJ1je p;o3BOJbeHa noce6Ha )Kan6a (qn. 103, CT. 4).
,Upyro 3Haqajtto n11Ta1ne Koje ce op;HocH Ha npo6neMaTJ1KY noce6-
HO oceTJbJ1BJ1X CBep;oKa jecTe Koja cy npaBHJia o 11cnJ1TJ1Ba1ny noce6Ho
oceTJbJ1BOr CBep;oKa. HajOCHOBHJ1ja npaBHJia O MCnJ1TMBaH,y noce6Ho
oceTJbJ1BOr CBep;oKa ornep;ajy ce y cnep;eheM. OcHOBHO npaBJ1JIO jeCTe ,n;a
ce np11n11KOM 11cnJ1TJ1Bafua noce6tto oceTJbJ1BOr cBep;oKa numa1va no­
cmaBlbajy caMo npeKo opzaHa nocmynKa Koj11 ce npeMa 1neMy Mopa o,n;­
HOCMTJ1 ca noce6HoM na)KlbOM HacTojehJ1 ;n;a ce 1136erny Moryhe rnTerne
nocnep;uu,e KpJ1BJ1qHor nocTynKa no JIJ1qHOCT, TeJieCHO J1 p;yrneBHO CTaH,e
CBep;oKa. Y3 HaBep;eHo, O)KJ1BOTBope1ne Mepa 3arnTJ1Te noce6Ho oceTJbH­
Bor CBep;oKa nop;pa3yMeBa M cnep;ehe Haq11He ucnJ1TJ1Ba1na yKOJIJ1KO MX
op;o6p11 opraH nocTyrrKa: 1) caMO J1CnMTJ1Ba1ne ce MO)Ke o6aBJ1TJ1 Y3 no­
MOil nCMXOJIOra, C01.J,J1jaJIHOr pap;HJ1Ka J1JIJ1 p;pyror CTpyqttor JIMD,a; 2) J1C­
nJ1TJ1Bafue yrroTpe6oM TeXHJ1qKMX cpep;cTaBa 3a npeHoc CJIJ1Ke 11 3ByKa,
J1 TO 6e3 npHcycTBa CTpaHaKa M p;pyrMX yqeCHJ1Ka y nocTynKy y npocTO­
p11jJ1 y Kojoj ce CBep;oK HaJia3H; 3) 11cnJ1TJ1Bafue CBep;or<a y 1ner0B0M cTa­
HY J1JIJ1 p;pyroj npocTOpJ1jJ1, Op;HOCHO y OBJiarnheHoj MHCTJ1TYU.J1jJ1 Koja je
cTpyqHo ocnoco6JbeHa 3a HCnMTMBalhe noce6Ho oceTJbJ1BJ1X n11u,a (qn.
104, CT. 1-3). Haj3ap;, noce6Ho oceTJI,J1BJ1 CBep;oK He MOJJCe 6umu cyotteH
ca oKpUBlbeHUM, OCJ1M aKO TO caM OKpJ1BJbeHJ1 3axTeBa, a opraH nocTyrrKa
TO )];03B0JIJ1, C TJ1M p;a npM7Il1KOM p;OHOillefua O)];JIJKe opraH nocTyrrKa Mopa
Bop;J1TJ1 paqyHa o cTerreHy oceTJoJ1BOCTJ1 CBep;oKa J1 o rrpaBJ1Ma op;6paHe.
IIopep; ocHOBHe 3arnTJ1Te 11 3aIIITMTe noce6Ho oceTJbHBMX CBep;oKa, 3KII
npep;B11lja J1 Jaiumumy cBeOoKa. Hajrrpe je noTpe6Ho J1cTah11 p;a 3arnT11he­
HJ1 CBep;oK He npep;cTaBJba HJ1KaKBy noce6Hy KaTerop11jy cBep;oKa, Beh je
TO JIJ11.J,e Koje y CKJiap;y ca OI1IllTJ1M npou,ecHJ1M npaBJ1JIJ1Ma J1Ma CTaTYC
CBep;oKa, C TJ1M IllTO ce npl17IJ1KOM fueroBor J1CilJ1TJ1Balha 36or nocTojatt,a
op;pet)eHJ1X OKOJIHOCTM npep;y3J1Majy Mepe noce6He 3alliTJ1Te nyTeM KOj11X
ce y HeManoM CTeneHy op;cTyna KaKo op; cTaHp;app;HJ1X MexaHJ13aMa 3a-
 IIpeTxop;tt11 noCTynaK 291

reXHJ1'IKJ1X cpep;CTaBa 3a rrpeHOC J1 rrpoMeHy 3BYKa J1 CJIJ1Ke ('!JI. 108, CT. 2).
ITpOTJ1B OBOr perneiba CTpaHKe J1 CBep;OK Mory J13jaBJ1TJ1 )KaJI6y J1 0 )KaJI-
6.11 y v1cTpa3v1 o,n;nyqyje BaHrrpeTpeetto Bene, a y ocTaJIJ1M cnyqajeBJ1Ma
sattrrpeTpecHo Bene Herrocpep;Ho BJ1rner cyp;a. Op;nYKa o )KaJI6v1 ,n;0Hocv1 ce
y poKy op; 3 ,n;aHa op; rrpv1jeMa crrv1ca ('In. 108, CT. 4).
Ha Kpajy, rropep; Mepa rroce6He 3allITJ1Te Koje ce Mory op;o6pHTJ1, rro­
cryrrKa v1 Hap;Jie)KHOCTJ1 3a 01wyqv1Batt,e o op;pel)v1BaH>y cTaTyca 3alliTl1he­
HOr CBep;oKa, rroce6Hy rra)Ktt,y 3aCJiy)Kyjy J1 3aKOHCKe op;pep;6e Koje ce
op;ttoce Ha Ha11.uH ucnumuBaHJa JautmuneHoz cBeOoKa. TaKo he cyp;, Kap;a
pernett,e o op;pel)v1Batt,y cTaTyca 3arnTv1heHor CBe,n;oKa rrocTaHe rrpaB­
H0CHa)KHO, rroce6HOM Hapep;6oM Koja rrpe,n;CTaBJba TajHy, Ha llOBeplbl1B
Ha,urn 06aBecTJ1TJ1 cTpaHKe, 6paHv1ou;a J1 cBep;oKa o p;aHy, qacy J1 MecTy v1c­
rrn:nrnatt,a CBe,n;oKa ('IJI. 109, CT. 1). ITpe rrotJeTKa v1crrJ1TJ1Batt,a, cBep;oK ce
o6aBelIITaBa p;a ce H>eroBa J1CTOBeTHOCT Hehe HJ1KOMe OTKPl1TJ1 OCMM cyp;y
M jaBHOM Ty)K11ou;y, a HajKacH11je 15 p;aHa rrpe rrotJeTKa rnaBHor rrpeTpeca
J1 OKpHBJbeHOM J1 tt,erOBOM 6paHv1ou;y. 3arnTJ1IleHH CBe,IJ;OK ce yrro3Haje ca
Ha'!MHOM Ha Koj11 he 6v1TJ1 v1crr11TaH, a cyp; yrro3opaBa CBe rrpv1cyTHe p;a cy
p;y)l(HM p;a tJYBajy Kao TajHy rrop;aTKe o 3arnT11neHOM CBep;oKy 1,1 H>eMy 6nu­
CKMM JIJ1IJ;J1Ma, 0 CBJ1M p;pyrv1M OKOJIHOCTJ1Ma Koje Mory p;oBeCTM p;o OTKpl1-
BaI-ba H,MXOBe J1CTOBeTHOCTJ1, J1 p;a op;aBaH,e TajHe rrpep;CTaBJba KpMBJ1'IHO
p;eno. OBo yrro3opeH>e J1 J1MeHa rrpv1cyTHJ1X he ce yHeTJ1 y 3arr11CHJ:1K ('In.
109, CT. 3). ,l];alhe, cyp; he 3a6paHumu cBaKo numaHJe Koje 3aXTeBa op;roBop
KOjM 6JiI MOrao p;a OTKpHje J1CTOBeTHOCT 3arnn1heHor CBep;oKa, a aKO ce J1C­
JUfTliIBaH,e 3arnTv1neHor CBep;oKa o6aBJba rryTeM TeXHJ1'!Kv1x cpep;cTaBa 3a
npoMeHy 3ByKa J1 CJIJiIKe, H,J1Ma pyKyje CTPYtJHO JIJ1IJ;e. Haj3ap;, 3allITJ1IleHJ1
CBe):\0K ITOTITJ1cyje 3allJ1CHJ1K rrceyp;OHJ1MOM ('Ill . 109, CT. 6).
Ha Kpajy, rrop;au;v1 0 J1CTOBeTHOCTJ1 3allITJ1IleHor CBe,n;oKa J1 H>eMy 6JIH­
CKJ1X JIJ1u;a liI O p;pyrnM OKOJIHOCTHMa Koje Mory ,D;OBeCTJ1 p;o OTKPJ1Batt,a
lbl1X0Be J1CTOBeTHOCTJ1, 3aTBOpv1he ce y rroce6aH OMOT ca Ha3HaKOM ,,3a-
t
lllTv1ueHJ1 cBep;oK - cTporo rr0Beplbv1Bo «, 3arretJaTJ1TJ1 J1 rrpep;aTJ1 Ha qyBatt,e
cyp;MjliI 3a rrpeTXO)J;HJ1 llOCTyrraK ('Ill . llO, CT. 1). TaKaB 3arreqaneHJ1 OMOT
MO)Ke OTBapaTJ1 CaMO cyO KOjU OOny11.yje O npaBHOM lleKy npomuB npecyOe.
Ha OM0TY he ce Ha3Ha-cr11TJ1 pa3nor, p;aH J1 -crac OTBapatt,a 11 J1MeHa -crnaHOBa
sen.a Koj11 cy yrro3HaTv1 ca cap;p)KajeM rro,n;aTaKa, HaKoH qera he ce OMOT
noH0BO 3arretJaTJ1TJ1, ca Ha3HatJeH>eM Ha oMoTy p;aTYMa 11 qaca rreqahett,a,
11 BparnTJ1 cyp;v1jJ1 3a rrpeTXO)J;HJ1 IIOCTyrraK (-crn. llO, CT. 2). OBJ1 rrop;a­
l.\l1 rrpep;craBJbajy TajHe rrop;aTKe J1 ocv1M rny)K6ettv1x nv1u;a oBe rrop;arKe
cy p;y)Ktta p;a -cryBajy 11 p;pyra nv1u;a Koja 11x y 611no KojeM CBojcrny ca3Hajy.
294 ArreKcaH,n,ap EornKoBvrh, Tafua Kernh: KpuBU"IHO npou,erno npaBo
sJ1qHor rrocTynKa, c Tl1M llITO je, 36or KapaKTepa ose ,n;oKa3He pap;lbe, jac­
HO ,n;a ce qecTO MO)Ke Hapep;11Tl1 OP, CTpaHe jaBHOr TY)K110Qa 11 y rrpe,ll;H­
CTpa)KHOM IIOCTynKy. Y3opQ11 3a <popeH311qKo-reHeT11qKy aHaJm3y Mory
ce y3eT11 ca: 1) MecTa Kp11s11qHor ,n;ena J1 ,n;pyror Mecrn Ha KojeM ce Harra3e
TparOBl1 Kp11s11qHor ,n;ena; 2) OP, OKp11BJbeHor 11 OllITeheHor, aKO je IIOTpe6-
HO YTBp,D,11Tl1 IIOCTOjaH>e Tpara 11Jil1 IIOCJie,D,11Qe Kp11s11qHor ,n;ena Ha H,J1Ma,
J13y3eB aKO 611 HacTyn11na KaKBa IIlTeTa ITO H,11XOBO 3,D,paBJbe; 3) O,ll; ,n,py­
rnx JIJ1I.J;a aKO IIOCTOjl1 je,n;Ha 11Jil1 B11llle KapaKTep11CTl1Ka KOja J1X ,D,OBO,D,H y
Be3y ca KpJ1s11qH11M ,n;erroM (qJI, 142, CT. 1). ,IJ;pyra c11TyaQ11ja rro,n;pa3yMeBa
y311Mali>e y3opaKa 3a <popeH311qKo-reHeT11qKy aHaJIJ13Y op; Jil1Qa Koj11Ma je
u3pe11.e1-1.a Kpu6ut-t1-1.a ca1-1.Ku,uja Kaja ce cacmoju y llUUl.e1t1y Cllo6ooe. Ha11Me,
y OBJ1M CJ1TyaQ11jaMa Y311Malbe Y30pKa Hapel)yje rrpBOCTerreHl1 cy,n;, 11 TO no
crry)K6eHoj ,n;y)KHOCTl1, y o,n;nyQ11 o 113p11QaH>y Kp11B11qHe caHKQ11je Koja ce
cacTOjv1 y JIJ1llleH>y crro6o,n;e. ,IJ;aKJie, o,n;rryKa o y311MaH>y y3opKa je cacTaB­
Hl1 ,n;eo rrpBOCTerreHe o,n;rryKe O 113p11QaH>y Kp11Bl1qHe caHKQ11je 11 y OBOM
cnyqajy jaBHM Ty)K11JiaQ HeMa osrralllheH>e ,n;a Hape,n;11 H>eHo rrpep;y311MaHie.
Y 0B11M crryqajeBJ1Ma Y30pQ11 ce Mory y3eTl1 op;: 1) OKp11BJbeHOr KOMe je 3a
Kp11B11qHo p;erro yq11H>eHo ca YMl1llIJbajeM 113peqeHa Ka3Ha 3arnopa rrpe­
KO je,n;He rop;11He; 2) OKpHBJbeHor KOjJ1 je ornallleH Kp11Bl1M 3a YMl1llIJbajHO
Kp11BJ1qHo p;eno rrpoTHB rrorrHe rno6o,n;e; 3) Jil1Qa KojeM je 113pe'-IeHa Mepa
6e36ep;HocT11 o6aBe3HOr rrc11x11jaTp11jcKor Jie'-leH>a (qrr, 142, CT. 2). Haj3ag,
sol)eH>e es11p;eHQ11je o y3eT11M y3opQ11Ma, lbMXOBO '-lyBaH>e 11 yH11llITaBaHie
ypel)yje ce aKTOM Bna,n;e (qrr, 142, CT. 3).

2.3.4. IIpoBepa pat-tyHa u cyM1t1U6UX mpaHcaKu,uja

ITposepa pa'-IyHa 11 cyMlb11B11x TpaHcaKQJ1ja rrpe,n;CTaBJba ,n;oKa3HY
pa,n;H>y Koja je op; rroce6Hor 3Haqaja Kap;a cy y rr11TaH>y KpJ1s11qHa ,n;erra KOA
KOjl.fX ce rrpeKO 6aHaKa MO)Ke J13Bplll11Tl1 KOHBep311ja 11Jil1 rrpeHOC 11MOBH­
He Koja je cyMH,11Bor rropeKrra. Osa p;oKa3Ha pa,n;H>a ce MO)Ke rrpe,n;y3eTH
aKO IIOCTOje OCH06U cyM1t1e ,n;a ocyMH>l1'-leH11 3a Kp11Bl1'-IHO p;erro 3a Koje je
rrporr11caHa Ka3Ha 3arnopa op; HajMa1t1e 4 zoouHe 11rrJ1 Te)Ka Ka3Ha rroce,n;yje
paqytte 11JIJ1 o6aBJba TpaHCaKQl1je ('-IJI. 143, CT. 1). ITope,n; OBe OIIllITe O,ll;­
pe,n;6e, 3aKOHl1KOM cy TaKCaTl1BHO Ha6pojaHa 11 OCTaJia Kp11BJ1'-1Ha p;erra 3a
Koja ce MO)Ke o,n;pe,n;11T11 oBa p;oKa3Ha pap;lba: rrp11Ka311Balbe, rrp116aBJbaH>e
11 rrocep;oBaH>e rropHorpa<pCKor MaTep11jarra 11 11cKop11lllhaBatt,e MarrorreT­
Hor rr11Qa 3a rropHorpa<pHjy ('-IJI. 185, CT. 4 K3), rrpaH>e HOBQa ('-IJI. 231, CT. 5
K3), TproB11Ha yT11QajeM (qrr, 366, CT. 2 K3), rrp11MaH>e M11Ta ('-IJI. 367, CT. 4
K3) 11 ,n;aBalbe M11Ta (qJI_ 368, CT. 2 K3). Kao llITO ce B11p;11, rroTpe6Ho je 11c­
rrytt,eH>e 06a ycllo6a ,n;a 611 ce rrpe,n;y3ena OBa ,n;oKa3Ha pap;lba: rrpBo - HJ1BO
cyMH,e Koj11 ce Tpa)KJ1 jecTe IIOCTojatt,e OCHOBa cyMH>e, llITO je HajHl1)KH
QBO IlpeTXO,D;HM IlOCTynaK 297

ra qHrnaH­ MO)Ke ce rro Hape,n;611 cy,n;a npop;y)KJ1TJ1 HajBHllle 3a jolll 48 qacoBa (qrr. 146,
secTH jaB­ CT. 2). ,[J;aKrre, rrpMspeMeHo o6ycrnBJbafue cyMH>J1Be TpaHcaKu;Mje Haj,n;y­
oK y KOjeM )Ke MO)Ke TpajaTJ1 120 qacoBa, O,D;HOCHO 5 p;aHa. TaKot)e, 11 npl17IJ1KOM OBOr
)aHKa J1JH1 noctyrraH>a 6aHKa MJIH q>MHaHcHjCKa opraHJ13au;J1ja p;y)KHa je p;a qyBa Kao
I-IOf TY)KJ1- rajtty rrop;aTaK p;a je rrocTyrrJ-rna Ha HaBep;eHH HaqJ1H.
l_\J1je J1 Ha-
2.3.5. Beiumat-te1ve
opraHJ13a­
ttasep;eHJ1 JaBHJ1 TY)KHJiau; y J1CTpa3J1 MO)Ke Hapep;J.1TJ.1 CBe BpCTe BellITaqeH>a, OCJ1M
eKpl1BJ1q­ eKcxyMau;11je nerna, Koja je y J.1CK7bY1.JMBoj Hap;rre)KHOCTJ1 cyp;a. TaKot)e, 3a
pHKyrrJbe- pa3JIHKY op; nonJ1u;J1je, jaBHJ1 TY)KHJiau; MO)Ke J1 J.1CnJ1TaTJ.1 BernTaKa TOKOM
3aXTeBaTJ1 11crpare, np11rrJ.1KOM qera je y 06aBes11 ,n;a rro3ose ocyMH>M'IeHor J.1 tt,eroBor
y I10Tpe6- 6paHJ1ou;a, )];OK he OIIITeheHor CaMO o6aBeCTJ1TJ1 0 speMeliy J1 MecTy J1CnJ.1-
KyrrJbeHOf TJ1BaH,a. Me1)yTJ1M, aKo n03J1B ocyMH,J.11.JeHOM J.1 H>erOBOM 6paHJ.1ou;y HJ.1je
1 cy,n;11ja 3a /];OCTaBTheH y CKJiap;y ca o,n;pep;6aMa 3KII, O,D;HOCHO aKo ce J1CTpara B0,D;J1
r perneH,a rrpOTJ1B Hen03HaTor Y1.JMHJ10u;a, jaBHJ.1 TY)KJ1Jiau; MO)Ke rrpep;y3eTJ1 J1CnJ.1-
ie crrpoae- n1BaH,e BellITaKa caMo no npeTxop;HoM o,n;o6peH>y cyp;Mje 3a npeTxop;HJ1
cyp;Mje 3a nocryrraK (qrr_ 300, CT. 6).
Cse OHO llITO je peqeHo o pa3JI03J.1Ma 3a BernTaqett,e, Hape,n;611 o BellITa­
eMeHO 06- qett,y, rrocTyrrKy sernTaqeH>a J1 cTpyqHoM caBeTHMKY Kao HOBOM KpMBJ.11-1-
rrytt,eH,eM Horrpou;ecHOM cy6jeKTY Ka,n;a je 611no peq11 o cnposol)eH>y BeuITa'IeH>a y
rpe6Ho p;a npep;HCTpa)KHOM nocTyrrKy op; CTpaHe norr11u;J1je O,D;HOCJ1 ce J1 Ha BeIIITa­
>BU cyM1ve qett,e Koje Hapel)yje jaBHJ.1 TY)KJ1Jiau; y TOKy MCTpare. CaMJ.1M TJ.1M, y OBOM
11:erry he ce yKa3arJ1 Ha OHe 3aKOHCKe o,n;pe,n;6e Koje ce op;Hoce Ha sernTa­
qett,e, a o Koj11Ma HJ.1je 6Mno pe1IJ1 y OKBHPY pa3MaTpaH>a o BellITaqeH>y y
ce 3aKJby­
npep;J1cTpa)KHOM IlOCTyrrKy.
rncaKu;Mje
ryMa�rnTJ1 Hajrrpe, Kap;a je y nHTaH>Y oope�uBa1ve Beiumat-te1va, OCHOBHO je npaBH­
n rrpJ1Me- no p;a he ce 3a BellITa1IeH>e op;pe,n;11TJ1 je,n;aH BellITaK, c TJ.1M ,n;a aKo je Belll­
06ycrnay Ta"'lett,e CJIO)KeHo, op;pep;Mhe ce p;Ba HJIJ/I BJ1rne BernTaKa. TaKol)e, aKo 3a o,n;­
jorn yaeK pel)etty spcTy BeIIITaqeH,a IlOCTOje Bell1Tau;J1 ca CnJ/ICKa CTaJIHJ1X BeIIITaKa,
J1JIJ1 p;a je 11:pyr11 BellITau;M ce Mory o,n;pep;MTJ/I caMo aKo nocTOjM onacHOCT op; o,n;rra­
cyMH,J1Ba ratt,a 11rr11 aKo cy CTaJIHJ/I BellITau;11 cnpeqeHJ/I J1JIJ1I aKo TO 3axTesajy ,n;pyre
OKOJIHOCTJ1 ('Irr. 114, CT. 3). Mel)yTHM, aKO 3a o,n;pet)eHy spcTy BellITaqeH,a
nocroj1,1 cTpyqHa ycTaHOBa J1JIJ.1 ce BernTaqeH>e MO)Ke 06aBJ1TJ1 y OKBMPY
cyouja 3a
11p)KaBHOr opraHa, TaKsa BellITa1IeH>a, HapoqJ.1TO aKo cy crro)KeHJ1ja, no
)f TY)KJ10-
npaBMJIY he ce noBepHTJ1 TaKBOj ycTaHOBJ.1 J.1JIJ1 opraHy KOjM he IlOTOM op;­
1j opraHJ1-
pe):IJ1TJ1 je,n;Hor HJIJ.1 BJ1llle CTpyqtt,aKa 3a p;asaH>e Harra3a 11 MJ1llIJbett,a (qrr_
cu;11je (qn.
114, CT. 4). Ba)KHO je HarrracJ.1TJ.1 p;a ce u3y3emHo 3a BellITaKa MO)Ke o.n;pep;J1-
,e TpajaTJ1
TJ1 crpaHJ1 p;p)KaBJbaHJ1H, O)];HOCHO BellITaqeH,e ce MO)Ke IlOBepMTJ.1 crpa­
p;tte p;aHe,
HOj crpyqHoj ycTaHOBJ1 J1JIJ.1 opraHy ,n;pyre ,n;p)KaBe caMo aKo 3a o.n;pel)eHy
3aKOHUKa 0
Bpcry BellITaqeH,a He IIOCTOjl1 p;0Man11 CTpyqH>aK, CTpyqHa ycTaHOBa J1JIJ1
 IlpeTxop;HM nocTynaK 301

0AHOCHO p;a npe3eHTHpa MHIIIJbel-be O BpCTH H Te)KHHH CBaKe nojep;ttHe

noape;o;e H o H>HXOBOM )'KYHHOM p;ejcTBy c ofo:npoM Ha H>Hxoay rrp:npop;y
11m1 noce6He OKOJIHOCT:n cnyqaja, o TOMe KaKae nocnep;:nu;e Te rroapep;e
o6wqHo rrpo:n3aop;e, a KaKBe cy y KOHKpeTHOM cnyqajy npo:n3aene, :n o
TOMe quMe cy rroapep;e HaHeTe t1 Ha Kojtt Haq:nH, :ncT:n je p;y)KaH p;a o6paT:n
na)KI-bY Ha Ha1jeHe 6uonolllKe Tparoae :n p;a HX orr:nllle :n caqyaa 3a 6:no­
JIOlllKO BelllTaqel-be YKO7Il1KO OHO 6y;n;e op;pel)eHO.
Beiumat-teHJe neiua :ncKJb)"IMBO o,n;pel)yje jaBHH Ty)K11nau; 11ntt cy,n;, lllTO
3Ha'!H p;a rron11u;11ja HeMa oanaIIIhelbe ,n;a Hapep;11 oao BelllTaqeH>e. BeIII­
Ta'!el-be Koje ce cacTOjtt y rrpernep;y H 06,n;yKu;ttjH neIIIa rrpep;y3ehe ce aKo
je :ncrryH>eH jep;aH op; TPH aJITepHaTJ1BHO IIOCTaBJbeHa 3aKOHCKa ycnoaa:
1) aKo rrocTojw cyMH>a p;a je cMpT op;pel)eHor n11u;a Herrocpep;tta un11 no­
cpep;Ha rrocnep;11u;a Kp11B11qHor p;ena; 2) aKo je y TpeHyTKY cMpTH m1u;e
6Jmo nmneHo cno6o,n;e; 3) aKo je tteno3HaT 11p;eHTHTeT nellla. Ilop; TaKB11M
ycnoa11Ma jaBH:n Ty)K11nau; 11nJ1 cyp; ttapel)yjy p;a neKap crreu;11jan11cTa 3a
cy,n;CKy Me,n;uu;11tty J13Bplll11 rrpernep; 11 06p;yKu;11jy nellla. Kao lllTO ce a.11p;11,
OBO BelllTaqel-be MO)Ke 06aa11T11 caMo neKap crreu;11jan11cTa 3a cyp;cKy Me­
AJ1u;11Hy, a He 6l17IO KOjl1 neKap. MeljyT11M, MO)Ke ce jaBl1Tl1 IIOTpe6a p;a ce
BeIIITaqett,e 06aB11 BaH CTpyqHe ycTaHoBe 11 Tap;a he rrpernep; .11 06p;)'Ku;11jy
neIIIa l13BpIII11T11 ,n;aa 11n11 Bl1llle neKapa crreu;11jan11cTa 3a cyp;cKy Mep;.11u;11-
tty. An11, aKo je nelll aeh 3aKorraH, op;pep;11he ce eKcxyMau;11ja y u;11Jby H>ero­
Bor rrperne,n;a 11 06p;yKu;11je, Kojy Hapel)yje cyp;.
Y cBaKoM cnyqajy, rrp.11 06p;yKu;11j11 nellla npep;y3ehe ce rrOTpe6He Mepe
Aa ce yTBpp;11 11,n;eHTMTeT nellla 11 y TOM u;ttJby rroce6Ho he ce orr11caTH
CITOJbHe 11 yHyTpalllH>e Terrectte oco611He neIIIa 11 o6e36ep;Hhe ce op;roaa­
pajyh11 y3opu;11 ca nellla 3a <popeH3J1'!Ko-reHeTJ1'IKY aHan113y 11 OT11cu;11
narr11rrapH1,1x n11H11ja (qn, 130, CT. 1). Ilporr11catta je noce6Ha o6aBe3a Belll­
raKa p;a nptt rrpernep;y 11 06p;)'Ku;ttj11 nellla 06paT11 rra)Kl-bY Ha Ha1jeH11 MaTe­
p11jan 6110JIOllIKOr rropeKna (KpB, IIJbyaa'!Ka, cnepMa, yptttt 11 p;p.), Tparoae
11 cyMH>l1Be MaTep11je, p;a 11x on11llle H l13Y3Me, a aKo TO opraH nocTyrrKa
3axTeBa HJIH aKO BelllTaK nocyMl-ba p;a je CMPT npoy3pOKOBaHa TpOBal-beM,
06e36e,n;11he Y3OpKe 6HOJIOllIKOr nopeKrra (KpB, yp11H, Te'IHOCT CTaKnacTOr
rena, Tenectt11 opratt11 H p;p.). J.1cTO TaKo, tteorrxop;tto je o rrpernep;y 11 06-
AYKu;11j11 Jiellla caq11HJ1TH a,n;eKBaTHY <poTo-p;oKyMeHTau;11jy, C Tl1M lllTO he
y MJ1lllJbeH,y BeI11TaK ttapoqHTO HaBeCTJ1 rropeKJIO H Herrocpep;Hl1 y3pOK
cMpT11, Kao H lllTa je Taj y3poK 113a3Bano ('In. 130, CT. 3-4). Iloce6tto je
peryn11caHa o6aBe3a BelllTaKa p;a aKo je Ha nellly Ha1jeHa KaKBa rroBpep;a,
YTBPAH p;a n11 je TY noapep;y HaHeo HeKo p;pyrn, 'IHMe je HatteTa, Ha KOjH
Ha'Il1H, KOJIJ1KO BpeMeHa npe Hero llITO je CMPT HacTyrr11na 11 p;a 7111 je OHa
npoy3pOKoaana cMpT, a aKo je Ha nemy Hal)eHo BJ1llle noapep;a, yTBpp;11he
ce ,n;a JIM je caaKa rroapep;a ttatteTa J1CTJ1M cpep;CTBOM 11 Koja je rroapep;a
 IIpeTXO,L\HJ1 rroCTynaK 307

IIOCTaBJba ce m1Tafue KOJU1KO he peaJIHO 611TJ1 y npaKTJ1qHoM nocTynaH>y

p;a jaBHM Ty)Kmiau; caMOCTaJIHO yna311 y Tyl) CTaH 11 p;pyre rrpocTop11je c
o6311poM Ha H>eroBy onepaTJ1BHOCT, onpeMJbeHOCT 11 o6yqeHOCT, a Il03Ha­
TO je p;a y OBaKBJ1M c11Tyau;11jaMa qecTO IlOCTOjl1 KOHKpeTHa orracHOCT no
)KJ1BOT, 3,ll;paBJbe 11 cp11311qKJ1 J1HTerp11teT IIOCTynajyher JI11u;a.
CaM nocTynaK 11 p;oKyMeHTOBaH>e npeTpecaH>a op;B11ja ce y cKnap;y ca
rrpou;ern11M npaB11JI11Ma o Koj11Ma je Ben forno peq11 y p;eny Kap;a rron11-
u;11ja y npep;11CTpa)KHOM nocTynKy Bpurn npeTpecaH>e 11 caMJ1M TMM HeMa
rrorpe6e IIOHaBJI,aTJ1 MX. Mel)yn-1M, Ha OBOM MeCTY je o,n; 3Haqaja p;aTJ1 op;­
roBop Ha IIMTaH>e KaKBa je cyp;611Ha cmBapu Heno3Hamoz BnarnuKa Koje
cy rrpoHal)eHe rrpttJIMKOM npeTpecaH>a. HattMe, aKo ce rrpttJIMKOM npeTpe­
caH>a rrpoHal)e crnap 3a Kojy ce He 3Ha qttja je, opraH rroCTynKa 06jaB11he
omac Ha Ta6JIM CKYITIIITJ1He jep;MHMu;e JIOKaJIHe caMoynpaBe Ha 'IMjeM nop;­
pyqjy je rrpeTpecaH>e npep;y3eTO M Ha 'IttjeM je nop;pyqjy KpMBMqHo p;eno
yqttH>eHo, a aKo ce pap;11 o crnapttMa Bene Bpep;HOCTM M y cpep;cTBMMa jaB­
HOr J1H<pOpM11CaH>a, y KojeM he OilMCaTJ1 crnap M IIO3BaTM BJiaCHMKa p;a ce
jaBJ1 y poKy op; jep;He rop;ttHe op; p;aHa 06jaBJbJ1BaH>a ornaca, y3 yno3opeH>e
.n;a he y rrpoTMBHOM crnap 611TH npop;aTa ('Irr. 154, CT. 1). �aKrre, crnap
Herro3HaTor BrracHMKa he ce op;y3eT11 npttrrMKOM rrpeTpecaH>a, a jaBHM Ty­
)KJ1Jiau; he y 11CTpa3M o6jaBMTM orrrac Ha Ta6rrtt Hap;Jie)KHe CKynIIITMHe je­
p;MHttu;e rroKarrHe caMoynpaBe. J1rraK, aKo je crnap rrop;JIO)KHa KBapy MJIM
je lheHO 'IyBafue Be3aHO ca 3HaTHJ1M TpOIIIKOBMMa, OHa he ce npop;aTM no
op;pep;6aMa Koje Ba)Ke 3a M3BpIIIHl1 nocTynaK, a HOBau; rrpep;aT11 Ha qYBaH>e
y cyp;CKJ1 p;eIIO3MT, O,ll;HOCHO p;eno3J1T jaBHOr TY)KMJiaIIITBa (qrr, 154, CT. 2).
,Ua JIM he HOBau; 6MTM npep;aT y cyp;CKJ1 J1JIM p;enO3J1T jaBHOr TY)KMJiarnrna
3aBMCJ1 op; cpa3e KpMBMqHor nocTynKa, Tj. y rrpeTXO,ll;HOM IlOCTynKy he HO­
Bau; 611TJ1 rrpep;aT y p;enO3MT jaBHOr TY)KMJiarnrna, a y rrraBHOM KpMBJ1'IHOM
IIOCTynKy y cyp;cKM p;eITO3MT. Haj3ap;, aKO ce y poKy op; jep;He rop;MHe HJ1KO
He jaB11 3a crnaptt MJIM 3a HOBau; p;o6ttjeH op; rrpop;aje CTBap11, cyp; he p;o­
HeTM perneH>e p;a crnap IlOCTaje p;p)KaBHa CBOjMHa, O,ll;HOCHO p;a ce HOBau;
yttece y 6y1,1eT Perry6rr11Ke Cp611je, C TMM p;a BJiaCHJ1K CTBap11 MMa rrpaBO
p;a y rrapHttu;11 Tpa)KJ1 rroBpahaj crnaptt MJIM HOBu;a p;o611jeHor op; npop;aje
crnap11. 3acTapeBalbe OBor npaBa rro'IMH>e p;a Teqe op; p;aHa 06jaBJbJ1BaH>a
omaca (qn. 154, CT. 4).
�aJbe, jaBHJ1 TY)KMJiau; y J1CTpa3M MO)Ke M3BpIII11TM M npuBpeMeHO ooy -
3UMa1-be npeoMema qMjMM ce rrpep;y3ttMaH>eM o6e36el)yjy rrpep;MeT11 Kao
l13Bop MaTepttjarrm1x p;oKa3a. IJ;11Jb oBe pap;H>e jecTe rrp11BpeMeHo op;y-
3J1MaH>e npep;MeTa KOjl1 ce no KpMBM'IHOM 3aKOHY l1Majy op;y3eTJ1, Kao 11
rrpep;MeTa KOjM Mory ITOCJIY)KMTM Kao ,ll;OKa3 y Kp11BMqHoM rrocTynKy. Y
CBaKOM cnyqajy, 3a rrocTyrraH>e jaBHor Ty)K11ou;a y 11cTpa3M Kap;a je y n11-
 IlpeTXO.D;HM IIOCTyrraK 309

litis. Barn lf3 Tor pa3nora for OBO OBJiarnh.elbe jaBHOr TY)KJ1ou;a Tpe6ano
TyMaqJ1TJ1 pecTpI1KTJ1BHO.
Haj3ap;, jaBHH TY)KJ1Jiau; rrp11JIJ1KOM BOOelba HCTpare MO)Ke 11MaT11 rro­
Tpe6y 3a CTpyqttoM IIOMOUJ1 rrp117IJ1KOM qera MO)Ke aHfa)KOBaTJ1 J1 rrp11-
nap;HJ1Ke rron11u;11je Koj11 rrocep;yjy op;roBapajyha cTpyqtta 3HaI-f>a. 3aKOHHK
H3pJ1qJ1TO IIOMJ1lbe <popeH3J1qKy J1 aHaJIJ1TJ1qKy IlOMOil, aJIJ1 ce nop; rrpy­
)KalbeM CTpyqHe IlOMOUJ1 nop;pa3yMeBa J1 npy)Kalbe CBJ1X p;pyr11x BH,ll;OBa
noMoh.11 Koj11 Mory 3aTpe6aT11 jaBHOM Ty)K110u;y np11n11KOM BOOelba HCTpa­
re. CBaKaKo p;a ce rrop; OBMM B11,n;oM noMoh.11 rro.n;pa3yMeBa npeBacxo.n;Ho
Kp11M11Ham1cTJ1qKo-TeXHJ1qKa rroMoh non11u;11je J1JIJ1 rroMon cTpyqlhaKa ca­
o6pahajtte CTpyKe, IllTO orreT 3aBJ1CH o.n; KOHKpeTHe CJ1Tyau;11je J1 IIOTpe6e.
Y CBaKOM cnyqajy, Tpe6a J1MaTJ1 y BMp;y p;a ce HCTpara MO)Ke BO,ll;J1Tl1 I1
rrpOTJ1B HeII03HaTor yq11H11ou;a KpI1BJ1qHor p;eJia, rra CaMJ1M THM Hl1je HC­
KJbyqeHo CaMOI1HI1U:J1jaTJ1BHO IIOCTynalhe IIOJIHU:Mje l1 npep;y3MMalbe, npe
cBera, n0Tpa)KHJ1X pa,n;lhM KaKo 6I1 ce np11Kyn11n11 rrop;au;11 o KpI1BlfqHOM
Aeny 11 y-tmH11ou;y, aJIM 11 .n;oKa3HJ1X pap;Ibl1 yKoJI11Ko MM jaBHI1 TY)KMJiau;
TO IIOBep11. TaKOOe, y OfoI1p p;oJia3l1 l1 rrpI1MeHa Mepa npou;ecHe rrp11Hy,[\e,
rj. rron11u;J1IjcKo xanrnelhe l1 3ap;p)KaBalhe ocyMlh11qettor nMu;a rrop; 11cTJ1M
ycJIOBJ1Ma Kao l1 y npep;HCTpa)KHQM IIOCTynKy. )],aKJie, IlOJII1D;Hja y l1CTpa-
3H MO)Ke rrpep;y311MaTJ1 CBe rroTpa)KHe 11 .n;oKa3He pap;lhe Kao l1 y npe.n;­
HCTpa)KHOM IIOCTyrrKy, C THM .n;a je, Kap;a cy y IU1Talby ,[\OKa3He pa.n;lbe, He­
OIIXO,[\HO .n;a joj jaBHH TY)KJ,rnau; TO n0Bep11. MMajyh.11 y BM,n;y .r1a non11u;11ja
n y rrpe.n;McTpa)KHOM IlOCTYIIKY MOpa .n;a o6aBeCTJ1 jaBHOf TY)KHOD;a npe
rrpeAy3HMalba rroje.n;11He p;oKa3He pa.n;lhe 11 Ha Taj HaqMH <paKTJ1qK11 .r106Mje
o.n;o6pelhe, MHillJbelba cMo p;a he ynora rron11u;11je TOKOM 11cTpare 611TH
MCTor 3Haqaja Kao 11 y rrpep;11cTpa)KHOM nocTynKy.

4. Cyµ;11ja 3a rrpeTXO,ll;HH IIOCTyrraK

Kao cy6jeKaT 11cTpare 11 11,eroBa µ;erraTHOCT
Kao l1 y npep;11CTpa)KHOM noCTynKy, aHra)KOBattocT cy.n;11je 3a rrpeTXo.n;­
HH IIOCTynaK y J1CTpa3J1 He Tpe6a p;a 6y.n;e HJ1 rrpeBHille IllHpoKa, aJrn He
CMe 611TJ1 HJ1 IIOTIIyttO J130CTaBJbeHa C ofo11poM Ha TO .n;a je yBep;eH TY)Kl1-
JiaqKJ1 KOHu;errT 11CTpare. CBa OBJiarnhelha cyp;11je 3a npeTxop;H11 rrocTynaK
y t1CTpa311 Mory ce rrop;en11TI1 y Tp11 rpyrre: rrpBa - r.n;e cyp;11ja 3a rrpeTxop;HH
rrocTynaK op;o6paBa rrp11MeHy rroje.n;11H11x .n;oKa3HHX pa,n;lhJII, p;pyra - ynora
cy.n;a IIpI1JIJ1KOM o.n;peOJ1Balba Mepa rrpou;eette np11Hy,n;e, J1 Tpena - Kap;a
apnrn Ha,n;3op J1 KOHTpony 3aKOHJ1TOCTJ1 pa.n;a J1 rrpe.n;y3eTJ1X pap,IbH jaBHOr
ry)K11ou;a 11 non11u;11je.
Hajrrpe, cy.n;11ja 3a rrpeTXOP,HH rrocTynaK HMa Ba)I<HY ynory Kap,a je y
1rnTaI-f>Y ooo6paBaHJe nojeouHux 001wJHux paoHJu y 11cTpa311. TaKo je cy-
 TipeTXOAHl1 nocTynaK 319

5) li13jaBy o ogpm�alby cTpaHaKa li1 6paHlilou;a og rrpaBa Ha )Kan6y rrpo­

THB OAnyKe cyga AOHeceHe Ha OCHOBY crropa3y-Ma O rrpli13Halby KplilBJilIJ;e,
Kaga je cyg y rroTrryttocTJil rrpmrnaTJilO crropa3)'M;
6) IIOTIIJilC CTpaHaKa Ji1 6paHJi10u;a.
ITopeg OBJ1X o6aBe3Hli1X eneMeHaTa, rrpeMa qn, 314, CT. 2 3KI1 crropa3yM
M0J/Ce cagp)KaTJil li1 cnegehe eneMeHTe:
1) li13jaBy jaBHOr TY)KMOu;a o ogycTajalby og KPJ1BJilqHor roH>elba 3a Kplil­
BJ1qHa gena Koja HlilCY o6yXBaheHa crropa3yMoM;
2) li13jaBy OKplilBJbeHor o rrpmrnaTaH>Y o6aBe3e Koja je rrpeABlilQeHa KOA
OAJiaraH>a KplilBJilqHor roH>elba (orropTyttlilTeT), rrog ycnoBoM ga ce ca H3-
BprneH>eM Te o6aBe3e OTnoqHe rrpe rrogHorneH>a crropa3yMa cygy;
3) crropa3yM y rrornegy l1MOBli1He rrpolilcTeKrre li13 KplilBJilqHor gerra Koja
he 6Ji1Tli1 ogy3eTa og oKplilBJbeHor.
ITopeg 3aKJbyqelba Ji1 cagp)KlilHe crropa3yMa, Tpehlil acrreKT Koji-r ce
0AHOClil Ha crropa3yM o rrpli13Halby KplilBJilqHor gena jeCTe ooT1y1-f.uBa1ve o
cnopa3yMy. OcHOBHO je rrpamrno ga o crropa3yMy ognyqyje cyg, Ji1 TO cy­
,n;11ja 3a rrpeTXOAHl1 II0CTyrraK AO IIOTBPQlilBaH>a 0ITTY)KHl1IJ;e, a HaKOH Tora
rrpegcegHlilK Beha. Cyg o crropa3YMY yBeK ogrryqyje Ha poqJilrnTy Koje ce
o,n;p)KaBa 6e3 rrplilcycTBa jaBHOCTlil, a KojeM rrpi-rcycTByjy jaBHlil TY)Kl1Jiau;,
0Kpli1BJbeHl1 li1 6paHl1Jiau; (qn, 315).
Ognyqyjyhlil o crropa3yMy o rrpli13HaH>y KplilBM'-rnOr gena Ji13MeQy jaBHOr
TY)Klil0IJ;a Ji1 0KplilBJbeHor, cyg MO)Ke AOHeTJ1 jegHy OA mpu cneoene OOlly­
Ke: pernelbe o og6au;Ji1Balby crropa3yMa, pernelbe o og6MjaH>y crropa3)'Ma
l1 rrpecygy KojoM ce crropa3yM yCBaja. ,[l;aKne, perneH>a Kao BpcTa cygcKe
op;nyKe goHoce ce Kaga je y IIlilTaH>y og6au;Ji1BaH>e li1 og6liljalbe crropa3yMa,
a rrpecyga ce goH0Clil Kaga ce crropa3yM yCBaja.
Cyg he crropa3yM o rrpli13Hal-by KplilBJilqHor gena oo6au,umu perneH>eM
YKOJIJ.1KO rrocrnje ogpeQeHM HegocTau;lil cpopMaJIHe rrplilpoge. To 3HaqJi1
,n;a ce cyg yorrrnTe Hehe yrryrnTaTl1 y MeplilTOpHo ognyqlilBalbe rroBogoM
KOHKpeTHOr crropa3yMa o rrpli13HaH>y Kp11BJ1qHor ,n;ena HlilTlil he pa3MaTpa­
TH H>eroBy cagp)KlilHY, Beh he ra og6au;li1Tli1 li13 gBa pa3nora: rrpBo - aKo
crropa3yM He cagp)Klil rrogaTKe KOjlil cy HaBegeHJil Kao o6aBe3Hli1 eneMeH­
TH crropa3yMa, li1 gpyro - aKo Ha poqJilrnTe H11je ,n;ornao ypegHo II03BaHi-r
0KpJ1BJbeH11, a cBoj 113ocTaHaK Hlilje orrpaBgao (qJI. 316). Pernelbe o og6a­
u;11BaH>y crropa3yMa ce AOCTaB/ba jaBHOM TY)KlilOIJ;y, OKplilBJbeHOM Ji1 H>ero­
B0M 6paHJilOIJ;Y Ji1 rrp0TJilB OB0r pernelba )Kan6a Hlilje A03BOJbeHa.
Cy,n; he crropa3yM o rrpM3HaH>y KplilBJilqHor gena oo6umu peUte/-beM M3
p;Ba pa3nora: 1) aKo Hlilje lilcrrylbeH jegaH lilJIM Blilrne o6aBe3HO nponMcaHMX
ycnoBa 3a rrplilXBaTalbe cnopa3yMa (ga je oKplilBJbeHJil cBerno 1,1 go6poBOJb-
 IlpeTXO)];Hl'.1 rroCTynaK 321

npMXBaTaH>a crropa3yMa (1.m. 317, CT. 2). TaKo p;oHeTa rrpecy,n;a ,n;ocTaB7ba
ce jaBHOM TY)KMOQy, OKpl1B7beHOM J1 lbefOBOM 6paHJ101'Y KOjl1 Mory y poKy
op; 8 p;aHa 113jaBJ1TJ1 )Karr6y, arr11 caMo 113 ,n;Ba pa3rrora: rrpBo - aKo rrocToje
pa3JI03l1 Koj11 611 p;0Berr11 ,n;o o6ycrnBe rrocTyrrKa, 11 ,n;pyro - aKo ce rrpecy­
p;a He O,D;HOCJ1 Ha rrpe,n;MeT crropa3yMa, O,D;HOCHO Ha ca,n;p)K11HY crropa3yMa.
)];aKJie, rrpecy,n;a KojoM ce crropa3YM yCBaja He MO)Ke ce 110611jaT11 113 pa3-
rrora 36or Koj11x ce 11Ha'-le MO)Ke yrro)K11T11 )Karr6a Ha npecy,n;y, Ben caMo
M3 npeTxo,n;Ho HaBe,n;eHMX pa3rrora jep cy ce CTpaHKe J1 6paH11Jia1' y cno­
pa3yMy Ben o,n;peKrr11 npaBa Ha )Karr6y npoTMB o,n;rryKe cy,n;a KojoM je cy,n; y
IlOTTiyttOCTJ1 rrp11xBaTJ1O cnopa3yM.

2. Crropa3y-M o cBep;o'l:elhy oKpHBlbeHor

Cnopa3yM o cBe,n;o'-leH>y oKpMBlbeHor 11 crropa3YM o cBe,n;o'-leH>y ocyl)e­
Hor cy no HOBOM 3aKOHl1KY p;Ba rroce6Ha caMocTanHa BM,n;a crropa3yMe­
Balba jaBHor TY)Kl101'a 11 oKpl1B7beHor Jil1Qa, 11 TO cy Bap11jaHTe ,,3a,n;o-
6Mjalba KoorrepaTl1BHOf CBe,n;oKa" J1 rrpep;CTaBlbajy OCHOB ,n;a ce J1CKa3
OKpl1B7beHor - ocyl)eHor Jll1Qa J1CKOpl1CTJ1 Kao ,D;OKa3 orrTy)K6e rrpOTJ1B
,n;pyrnx orrTy)KeHl1X JIJ1Qa, O,D;HOCHO rrpe,n;cTaBlbajy caMO ,n;pyraq11je HOMO­
reXHl1'-IKO peryrr11caH>e l1HCTMTyTa CBep;oKa-capap;H11Ka 113 '-Irr. 504o-504n
npeTxop;Hor 3KTI. 358 CaM11M Tl1M, HeKa,n;arnH>11 TepM11H CBe,n;oK-capap;H11K
BMIIIe HJ1je rrpe,n;B111)eH Kao TaKaB y 3aKOHCKOj TepMl1HOJIOrnj11, rp;e ce ca,n;a
KOpMCTJ1 TepMMH OKpUBlbeHU capaOHUK.
TaKol)e, OKpl1B7beHJ1 capap;HMK je no CBeMy crreQl1<pl1'-laH l1HCTl1TYT y
06nacT11 p;oKa311Balba Koj11 rrpe,n;cTaBlba Hajo3611lbH11je o,n;cTyrraH>e op; Ha­
Y.ena op;e7beHOCTl1 Kp11BJ1'-IHOIIpOQeCHJ1X cpyHKQl1ja jep y cyrnTl1HJ1 OH HJ1je
caMO CBe,D;OK Hero je J1CTOBpeMeHO J1 OKpl1B7beHJ1 J1JIJ1 ocyl)eHJ1 KOjM ce y
noce6HOM IIOCTyrrKy ,,rrpeBO,IJ;M" J13 TOr CTaTyca y CTaTyc CBep;oKa Y3 o6a­
Be3y ,n;aBalba IIOTrryttor l1 l1CTl1HJ1TOr J1CKa3a. 359
<l>aKTl1'-IKl1, OKpl1BlbeH11 capa,n;HMK rrpep;CTaBlba je,n;Hy rroce6Hy BpcTy
CBep;oKa ca rrp01'eCHJ1M 06eJie)KjJ1Ma CBe,D;OKa y OIIlllTeM CM11cny, arr11 J1
HeKl1M rrpo1'eCHJ1M oco611HaMa OKpl1B7beHor. IIpeBaCXO,D;HO je OH I10TeH-
4MjaJIHJ1 OKpl1B7beHJ1, a IIOTOM J1 rroTeHQJ1jarrm1 CBe,D;OK, 3aBJ1CHO o,n; 3a­
KOHOM rrpep;BJ11)eHJ1X ycnoBa 3a o6e yrrore. y cyrnTMHCKOM CMMCJIY, ,n;a­
Bali>e IIOTeHI�MjaJIHOM J'-ll1HJ1OQY Kpl1BJ1'-IHOr p;erra CTaTyca OKpMBlbeHor
capap;HMKa 3Ha'-IM o,n;pel)eHy rroBrracTttQy, Koja ce Kpene o,n; KpMBM'-IHOr
HerolbeH>a 11rr11 o,n;ycTaHKa op; 3arro'-leTor KpMBM'-IHOr roH>eH>a, J1JIJ1 6na)Ker
Ka)KlbaBalba J1JIJ1 ocrro6al)alba o,n; Ka3He J1JIJ1 ,n;erra Ka3He.
Pa3MaTpajyn11 3aKOHCKe o,n;pe,n;6e Koje ce o,n;Hoce Ha cnopa3yM o CBep;o­
Y.elby oKpMBlbeHor Moryne je yoq11T11, Kao M Ko,n; cnopa3yMa o npM3HaH>y
358 BejaTOBMn, c., lllKynMn, M., J.1nMn, f. (yp.) (2013). Opus citatum, CTp. 281.
359 M1rnoweaMn, M., Kernn, T. (2009). Opus citatum, crp. 187.
 341

Ha poKoBe KOje Mopa J/ICIIOlllTOBaTJ1 rrpe,n;cep;HJ/IK Bena, Kao J/1 Ha TO IIOBO­

,D;OM KOjl1X KpJ/IBJ!IlIHJ/IX ,n;erra je rrp11rrpeMHO pO':IJ/llllTe o6aBe3HO. y rrorrre,n;y
noJuBaHJa Ba)KJ1 rrpaBJ/IJIO ,n;a rrpJ/lrrpeMHO pO':Il1lllTe 3aKa3yje rrpe,n;cep;HJ/IK
Bena KOjJ/1 yrryhyje IIO3J1B CTpaHKaMa, 6paHJ/IOQy, OlllTeheHOM, 3aKOHCKOM
3acTyrrHJ/IKY J/1 rryttOMOilHJ1KY TY)KJ/IOI.J;a J/1 OlllTeheHor, a rro rr0Tpe611 rrpe­
BO,D;J/IOI.J;y J1 TyMaqy (':IJI. 347, CT. 1). y TOM IIO3J1BY CTpaHKe he 6J1TJ1 yrro3O­
peHe ,n;a Ha rrp1mpeMHOM po':IJ1lllTY Mory rrpe,n;rro)KJ/ITJ/1 HOBe ,n;oKa3e aKo cy
3a ful1X ca3Harre HaKOH IIOTBPQJ/IBaH,a orrTy)KHMI.J;e. 369 lllTo ce TM':Ie poKoBa,
rrporrJ1caHo je ,n;a he rrpe,n;ce,n;HJ1K Beha o,n;pep;J1TJ1 rrpHrrpeMHO po':IJ1lllTe
HajKacm1je y poKy op; 30 ,n;aHa aKo je OIITy)KeHJ1 y rrpHTBopy, O,D;HOCHO y
poKy op; 60 ,n;aHa aKo je orrTy)KeHJ1 Ha rno60,n;J1, paqyttajyhJ1 o,n; ,n;aHa rrpHje­
Ma rrornpt)eHe orrTy)KHJ1I.J;e y cy,n; (':Irr. 346, cT. 1). AKo rrpe,n;ce,n;HJ1K Bena
He rrocTyrrJ1 y cKrra,n;y ca HaBe,n;eHJ1M poKOBJ1Ma, o6aBecnrhe o TOMe rrpe,n;­
ce,n;HJ1Ka cy,n;a Koj11 he rrpe,n;y3eTJ1 Mepe ,n;a ce rrp11rrpeMHO po':IJ1lllTe o,n;­
Max o,n;pe,n;J1. CaMo o,n;p)KaBafue rrp11npeMHor po':IJ/llllTa je o6aBe3Ha 4>a3a y
CKJIOIIY rrp11rrpeMaH,a rrraBHOr rrpeTpeca, OCJ1M aKo je OIITY)KHJ1I.J;a IIO,D;J1r­
HyTa 3a KpuBu1-11-10 oeno 3a Koje je rrporrJ1caHa Ka3Ha 3arnopa oo 12 20ou1-1a
J1 aKo rrpe,n;cep;HJ/IK Bena cMaTpa ,n;a c o63MpoM Ha rrpHKYITJbeHe ,n;oKa3e,
crropHa ':IJ/lfueHJ1':IHa J/1 rrpaBHa IIJ1TaH,a J/IJIJ1 CJIO)KeHOCT npe,n;MeTa, o.n;p­
)KaBaH,e rrpJ/lrrpeMHOr poqJ11llTa HJ/lje IIOTpe6Ho (qJI. 346, CT. 3). Y TaKBOj
nnyau;J1jJ1 ce np11rrpeMHO po':IJ/llllTe Hehe o,n;p)KaTJ,1, a rrpe,n;ce,n;HJ1K Bena he
Hape,n;6oM o,n;Max o,n;pe,n;J1TJ1 rrraBHM npeTpec. TaKot)e, J/1 y OBoj q>a3J1 no­
cTyrrKa Ba)Ke npaBJ/IJia Koja ce o,n;Hoce Ha l13p;Bajatt,e He3aKOHJ/ITJ1X ,n;oKa3a
o KOjJ1Ma je Beh BJ/lllle nyTa 6J1rro peqJ1.
CaM TOK rrpHnpeMHOr poqJ1lllTa KapaKTep11llly crre,n;ehe aKTJ1BHOCTJ1.
Hajrrpe, rrpe,n;ce,n;HJ1K Bena npoBepaBa oa nu cy npucym1-1a CBa noJBa1-1a
nu11a, a y rnyqajy He,n;onacKa HeKor op; ful1X, ,n;a JIM cy J1crryH,eHJ/I ycrroBJ/1
rro,n; KojJ/IMa ce rrpJ!InpeMHO poqJ1lllTe MO)Ke o,n;p)KaTJ1 y ful1XOBOM o,n;cycrny.
J,fay3eTHO, aKo je OIITy)KeHJ1 ype,n;HO IIO3BaH, a He ,n;ot)e Ha rrpHrrpeMHO
po':IJ1lllTe HJ/ITJ/1 CBoj J13OCTattaK onpaB,n;a, npe,n;cep;HJ/IK Bena MO)Ke o,n;rry­
q11TJ/I ,n;a ce rrp11rrpeMHO poqJ1lllTe o,n;p)KJ1 aKo je rrpJ/lcyTaH fueroB 6paHJ1-
nau; (':Irr. 348, CT. 1-2). 370 HaKOH rrpOBepe np11cyTHOCTJ1 IlO3BaHJ/IX JIJ1I.J;a
cnep;H U3jaUtHJaBaHJe cmpa1-taKa Koje 3arroqJ1H>e l13rrarafueM orrTy)KHJ/II.J;e
369 TaKol)e, aKo je noTpe6Ho 11a ce 3a npimpeMHO poYIHUTe npH6ane cm1c11, 11cnpane 11m1
npe11MeTJ11 Koj11 ce Hana3e KOA cy11a Hm-r K0,!1 ,11pyror Ap)KaBHor opraHa, npe11ce,11HHK neha he Ha
npe11nor cTpaHaKa Ha/JO)Kl1Tl1 11a ce TH npe11MeTJ1 l1/1Jll Hcnpane 6naronpeMeHo npH6aBe (Yn. 347).
370 IIo-YeTaK np11npeMHor po'-!HlllTa KapaKTepHllle 11 TO 11a he npe11ce11H11K Beha noyY11T11
ouneheHor O CBOjMM npaBJ,1Ma aKO HJ!Jje TIOAHeo 11M0B11HCKOnpaBHl1 3axTeB, a aKO cy jaBHl1
ry)K1rna11 11 onTy)KeH11 3aKlhyq11n11 cnopa3yM o np113Halby Kp11B11'-IHOr 11ena AY)KHJII cy 11a o TOMe
o6anecTe npe11ce11HJ11Ka Beha KOjJll he TIOCTYil11Tl1 y CK/JaAy ca 011pe116aMa 3KII KOje ce OAHOCe Ha
11ar11 cnopa3yM. Mo)Ke ce 11orOAJ11TJ11 11a ce cnopa3yM o np113HaH,y I<pHBl1'lHOr 11ena OAHOCl1 caMo
Ha HeKe Ta'lKe onTy)KHJ11I.1e, na he ce OHAa nocTynaK 3a Ta 11ena pa3ABOjHTl1, a 3a OCTane Ta•rKe
OllTY)KHJlll.\e he ce TIOCTYTIHTl1 y CK/JaAy ca 011pe116aMa 3aKOHl1Ka O 0/lp)KaBalby np11npeMHOf
pO'll1UlTa, OAHOCHO O 011pel)1,rna1-by rnaBHOf npeTpeca.
 DiaBHH cygcKH KpHBH'lHH nocTynaK 343

,n;erro Ben rrpaBHOCHa)KHO ocy9eH, ocno609eH o,n; OIITy)K6e J1JIJ1 je OIITY)K-

6a rrpaBHOCHa)KHO o,n;611jeHa J1JIJ1 je IIOCTyrraK pernelbeM rrpaBHOCHa)KHO
o6yCTaBJbeH (non bis in idem); aKO je OIITy)KeHJ1 aKTOM aMHeCTHje J1JIJ1
rrOMHJIOBalba ocno609eH o,n; Kp1rnwrnor rolbelha J1JIJ1 je HacTyrr11rra sacTa­
penocT KpHBJ1qHor rolbelba J1JIJ1 HeKe ,n;pyre OKOJIHOCTJ1 KOje TpajHO J1C­
KJbyqyjy KpHBJ1qHo rolbelbe).

B. fJIABHM IIPETPEC

1. IIojaM, npep;MeT H 3ap;aTaK rrraBHor npeTpeca

fnaBHH rrpeTpec rrpe,n;cTaBJba QeHTpanHy cpasy, He caMo maBHor KpH­
BHqHor IIOCTyrrKa, Ben H KpHBHqHor IIOCTyrrKa y QeJIHHH. Y TOM CMHCJIY,
rnaBHH rrpeTpec 6H ce Morao o,n;pe,n;HTH Kao cpasa cy,n;cKor KpHBHqHor rro­
cTyrrKa y Kojoj ,n;onas11 ,n;o rroTrryttor J1 CBecTpaHor pacrrpaBJbalba o KpHBHq­
Hoj crnap11. 371 Y cpopMaJIHorrpaBHOM sHaqeH,y maBHH rrpeTpec je po':lHlllTe:
o,n;pe9eHo MecTO Ha KojeM y o,n;pe9eHo BpeMe cy,n; J1 CTpaHKe rrpep;y3HMajy
rrpoQeCHe pa,n;I-be. 372 HaHMe, ,n;a 611 ce ,n;oHeJia cy,n;cKa rrpecy,n;a, Heorrxo,n;Ho
je ,n;a ce H3Be,n;y ,n;OKas11 Ha rnaBHOM rrpeTpecy, Tj. cy,n;cKa rrpecy,n;a ce MO)Ke
3aCHOBaTH caMo Ha ,n;oKa3J1Ma J13Be,n;eHHM Ha rnaBHOM rrpeTpecy. ToKOM
H3B09elba ,n;oKasa Ha maBHOM rrpeTpecy, Kao H TOKOM Qenor maBHor rrpe­
rpeca, Ba)Ke OCHOBHa KpHBJ1':lHOIIpOQeCHa HaqeJia, rrpe CBera, Ha':leJIO KOH­
rpap;HKTOpHOCTH, Herrocpe,n;HOCTH, ycMeHOCTH M jaBHOCTJ1.
IIpe,n;MeT rnaBHor rrperpeca jecTe onTy)K6a osnarnneHor TY)KHOQa, rj.
ycMeHO, Herrocpe,n;HO J1 KOHTpa,n;HKTOpHO pacrrpaBJbalbe O KpHBJ1qHOM
,n;eny J1 yqHHJ1OQY KOjH cy o6yxB aneHJ1 OIITy)K60M. Ba)KHO je J1CTallJ1 ,n;a
ce Ha maBHOM rrpeTpecy MO)Ke pacrrpaBJbaTH caMO O KpHBH':lHOM ,n;eny J1
OITTy)KeHOM KOjH cy HaBe,n;eHH y OIITY)KHOM aKTY, Tj. y TOM CMHCJIY je cy,n;
Be3aH OIITy)K60M, aJIJ1 HHje Be3aH rrpaBHOM KBaJIJ1q>J1KaQJ1jOM KpliIBJ1':lHOr
,n;ena Kojy je H3Heo osnarnneHH TY)KHJiaQ (qJI. 420). CaMHM THM, jaCHo je
µ;a J13Me9y rrpecy,n;e H OrrTy)K6e Mopa TIOCTOjaTH qJ1H,eHJ1qHJ1 J1,n;eHTJ1TeT,
a1rn IIHTalbe o6jeKTJ1BHOr qJ1JbeHJ1qHor H,n;eHTHTeTa y CMHCJIY ,!l;03BOJbe­
HMX o,n;cTyrrafha o,n; qJ1I-beHJ1qHor orr11ca ,,,n;ena" Hase,n;eHor y onTy)KHOM
aKTy 11 ,n;ena sa Koje je oKpHBJbeHH ornaweH KpHBHM sa,n;aje ,n;ocTa TernKona
npaBHOj TeOpHjH H rrpaKCH.373
3a,n;aTaK rnasHor rrpeTpeca jecTe ,n;a ce rryTeM Herrocpe,n;Hor, ycMeHor
J.1: KOHTpa,n;HKTOpHor H3B09efua ,n;oKasa KpHBJ1qHa crnap y IIOTIIYHOCTJ1
371 EejaToa11n, C. (2014). Opus citatum, cTp. 434.
372 [py6a'I, M. (2008). Opus citatum, CTp. 405.
373 0 06jeKT11BHOM 11Aettn1TeTy npecyAe 11 omy)l(6e s11A11: 6ajos11n, B. (2013). 06jeKT11BH11
HAeHTKTeT npecyAe 11 onTy)l(6e, AHanu IIpaBHOZ rfiaKynmema y Eeozpaoy, son. 61, 6p. 1, EeorpaA,
CTp. 198-222.
 Iloce6tt« H noMonHH KpHBH':!HH nocTynu;« 403

pep;OBHOM Kp11Bl1'IHOM IIOCTyrrKy, C Tl1M IllTO je BaHrrpeTpeCHO Bene ,IJ;y)K­

HO p;a CBaKJ1X 30 p;aHa l1CIIl1Ta p;a Jll1 IIOCTOje pa3JI03l1 3a rrp11TBOp.

5. Po1:111mTe 3a H3pHIJ;albe KpHBJl'IHe caHKD;Hje

,Ua 611 ce oaaj rroce6H11 nocTyrraK cnpoBeo noTpe6Ho je 11cnylbelbe
op;peQeH11x yrnoaa, a rrpe caera p;a je y n11Talby Kp11awrno p;eno 3a Koje
je npon11caHa Kao rnaBHa Ka3Ha HOB'iaHa Ka3Ha 11n11 Ka3Ha 3aTBopa go 5
rop;11Ha. TaKOQe, noTpe6Ho je p;a jaBHl1 TY)Kl1Jiau; y onTy)KHOM npep;rrory
CTaBl1 3axTeB 3a op;p)KaBaJ-be po'Il1IUTa 3a 113p11u;al-be Kp11Bl1'IHe caHKu,11je
11 TO caMo aKo cMaTpa p;a op;p)KaBaH>e rrraBHor npeTpeca H11je noTpe6Ho
Ha OCHOBY CJIO)KeHOCTl1 npep;MeTa l1 np11KyrrJbeHl1X p;oKa3a, a Hapotil1TO
yrnep; xamuel-ba oKp11BJbeHor np11 l13Bprnelby Kp11Bl1'1Hor p;erra 11rr11 np11-
3Halba p;a je yq11Hl10 Kp11Bl1'IHO p;eno ( '!JI. 512, CT. 1-2).
AKO jaBHl1 TY)Kl1Jiau; nocTyrr11 Ha OBaj Ha'il1H, OH MO)Ke rrpep;JIO)Kl1Tl1
cyp;y p;a 0Kp11sJbeHoM 113peKHe jep;tty op; rnep;eh11x Kp11s11tIH11X caHKu,11ja,
llITO 3aBl1Cl1 op; Te)Kl1He Kp11Bl1'IHOr p;erra, rrp11 tieMy Tpe6a pa3Jil1KOBaTl1
p;se c11Tyau,11je. ITpBo, aKo je 0Kp11sJbeH11 npu31-1ao p;a je 113sprn110 Kp11s11q­
HO p;erro 3a Koje je nporrncaHa Ka3Ha 3aTBopa p;o 5 rop;11Ha, jasH11 TY)KMJiau;
MO)Ke npep;JIO)Kl1Tl1 cyP,y p;a 0Kp11BJbeHOM 113peKHe jep;Hy op; crrep;ehe TPM
caHKU,l1je: Ka3HY 3aTBopa y Tpajalby p;o 2 rop;MHe l1JIM HOB'laHy Ka3HY y Bl1-
Cl1Hl1 Kojy nporr1t1cyje 3KIT 11n11 yrnosHy ocyp;y ca yTBpQMBaJ-beM Ka3He 3a­
Tsopa p;o jep;He rop;1t1He 11n1t1 HOB'iaHe Ka3He, ca speMeHOM nposepasal-ba p;o
5 rop;11Ha ('IJI. 512, CT. 3, T. 1). ,Upyro, aKo je oKpuBlbeHu y1iu1-1uo Kpusut-t.1-10
oeno 3a Koje je npon11caHa HOB'IaHa Ka3Ha 11rr11 Ka3Ha 3aTBopa go 3 rop;11He,
Tap;a jaBHM TY)KMJiau; MO)Ke npep;JIO)Kl1Tl1 jep;Hy op; rnecT Kp11BM'!Hl1X CaHK­
u;11ja: Ka3HY 3aTBopa y Tpajal-by go jep;He rop;11He 11rr11 HOB'iaHy Ka3HY 11rr11
Ka3HY pap;a y jaBHOM MHTepecy l1Jll1 Ka3HY op;y311Malba B03a'!Ke )];03BOJie
y Tpajal-by go jep;He rop;11He 11rr11 yrnosHy ocyp;y ca yTBpQ11BafueM Ka3He
3aTsopa go rop;11tty p;aHa 11rr11 HOB'IaHe Ka3He ca speMeHOM rrpoBepaaaH>a
p;o 3 rop;11He, y3 MorynHOCT cTaBJbalha 0Kp11aJbeHor nop; 3arnT11TH11 Hap;3op
MJIM cyp;cKy OilOMeHy ('IJI. 512, CT. 3, T. 2).
Kap;a rrp11M1t1 orrTy)KHM npep;rror jasHor Ty)K11ou;a Koj11 cap;p)K11 3axTeB
3a op;p)KaBafue po'Il1IUTa 3a 113p11u;afue Kp11s11tIHe caHKu;Hje, cyp;11ja noje­
p;11ttau; he npso 11CJil1TaTl1 p;a JIM IIOCToje op;peQeHe OKOJIHOCTM 36or Koj11x
611 ce oaaj orrTy)KHH aKT Morao op;6au;1t1T11 11rr11 op;611T11 y cKrrap;y ca op;pep;-
6aMa 3KIT. YK0JI11Ko He rrocToje pa3JI03l1 3a op;6au,11saH>e 11n11 op;611jafue
onTy)KHOr rrpep;rrora, a cyp;11ja rrojep;11Hau; ce CJIO)Kl1 ca 3axTeBoM jasHor
Ty)K110.u,a Koj11 je M3HeT y orrTy)KHOM rrpep;rrory, Hapep;6oM he op;pep;11T11
speMe op;p)KaBalba po'IHIUTa Koje ce op;p)Kasa y poKy op; 15 p;aHa op; p;aHa
p;oHorneI-ha Hapep;6e ('IJI. 515, CT. 1). HacyrrpoT TO Me, aKo ce He CJIO)KJ1 ca
 Iloce6HM JI( TIOMOilHI1 KpI1BI1'1HI1 nocTynu:w 405

HOj 3aIIITJ1Tl1 MaJIOJieTHJ1X JII1IJ;a 113 2005. fOA11He408 11 IlOCeAyje MHOIIITBO

cneu;11cpwrnocT11 y op;Hocy Ha peAOBaH Kp11B11qm1 rrocTyrraK, a Ha OBOM
MeCTY heMO yKa3aTl1 caMO Ha rrojeA11He, Haj3HaqajHHje oco6eHOCTJ1 OBOf
nocTyrrKa. Hajrrpe, op;peA6e oBor 3aKoHa rrp11Me.H,yjy ce y rroCTyrrKy rrpe­
Ma JIJ1I.J;l1Ma 3a Koja IIOCTOj11 OCHOBaHa cyMH,a Aa cy 113BpIII11Jia KpI1Bl1qHo
AeJIO Kao MaJIOJieTHl1D;J1, a y BpeMe IIOKpeTaH,a Kp11B11qHor noCTyrrKa, OA­
HOCHO cy�e.H,a Hl1CY HaBpIIIHJia 21 fOAHHY )Kl1BOTa (qrr. 46, CT. 1). Ha OBOM
MecTy ce MO)Ke IIOCTaBJ1TJ1 ITHTaH>e Aa JIJ1 he ce BOA11Tl1 KpI1BJ1qH11 rrocTy­
rraK rrpeMa JIHI.J;Y KOje je HaBpIII11JIO 21 fOAHHY )KJ1BOTa, a KpI1BJ1qHo AeJIO
je Y<Jl1H110 Kao MaJIOJieTHHK. J1Majyh11 y BHAY HaBeAeHy 3aKOHCKY OApeA6y
MO)Ke ce 3aKlliY<Jl1TJ1 ,n;a ce y TaKBOM cnyqajy He MO)Ke BOAI1TJ1 KpI1Bl1qH11
noCTyrraK, OAHOCHO aKo je IIOCTyrraK y TOKY, Mopa 6J1Tl1 o6ycTaBJI,eH. 409
MarrorreTHl1K je rr11u;e Koje je y BpeMe 113BpIIIeH>a Kp11Bwrnor Aerra Ha­
BpIIIHJIO 14, a Hl1je HaBpIIIHJIO 18 fOA11Ha, a MJia�e rryHoJieTHO Jil1I.J;e je
rr11u;e Koje je y BpeMe H3BpIIIeH>a Kp11B11qHor Aerra HaBpIII11rro 18, a y Bpe­
Me cy�eH>a H11je HaBpIIIHJIO 21 fOA11Hy. Y TOM CMHCJIY, OApe�eHe OApe,n;-
6e 3aKoHa rrp11MeH>yjy ce 11 npeMa MJia�eM rryttoJieTHOM JIHI.J;y aKo ce ,n;o
rroqeTKa fJiaBHOf rrpeTpeca, Ha OCHOBY 11CIIJ1Tl1BaH>a JIJ1qHOCTl1 Tor Jll1I.J;a,
ycTaHOBH ,n;a ,n;orra311 y ofo11p ,n;a MY ce 113peKHe Bacrr11THa Mepa rrojaqaHor
Hap;3opa o,n; cTpaHe opraHa cTapaTelliCTBa 11rr11 Mepa yrryh11BaH>a y Bacrr11T­
Ho-rrorrpaBH11 ,n;oM, arr11 J1 Mepa rroce6H11x o6aBe3a.
Y rrorne,n;y Ha,n;rre)KHOCTl1 cy,n;oBa 3a cy�eH>e y rrocTyrrKy rrpeMa Marro­
rreTHl1I.J;MMa Tpe6a JiICTan.11 ,n;a y Cp611j11 He IIOCTOje rroce6H11 cy,n;oB11 KOjH
cy,n;e MarroneTHMIJ;HMa, Ben rrocTOje rroce6Ha cy,n;cKa Bena y 0KB11py cy,n;o­
Ba OIIIIITe Ha,n;Jie)KHOCTl1. CTBapHa Ha,n;Jie)KHOCT y rrocTyrrKy rrpeMa MaJio­
JieTHJiIIJ;HMa rrp11rra,n;a Bl1III11M cy,n;oB11Ma. Y rrpBOCTerreH11M cy,n;oB11Ma cy,n;e
cy,n;11ja 3a MarrorreTHHKe 11 Bene 3a MarrorreTHMKe. Cy,n;11ja 3a MarrorreTHMKe
y rrpBOCTerreHOM cy,n;y crrpOBO,ll;J1 np11rrpeMHJ1 IIOCTyrraK JiI BpIII11 ,n;pyre
rrocnoBe y rrocTyrrKy rrpeMa MarrorreTHl1I.J;MMa, a Bene 3a MarrorreTH11Ke je
cacTaBllieHo o,n; cy,n;11je 3a ManorreTH11Ke, Kao rrpe,n;ce,n;H11Ka Bena, 11 ABoje
cy,n;11ja-rropoTH11Ka, no rrpaB11rry pa3rr11q11Tor rrorra (qrr_ 42). Y ApyrocTerre­
HMM cyAOBJiIMa cy,n;11 Bene 3a MarrorreTHMKe Herrocpe,n;Ho B11IIIer cy,n;a Koje
MO)Ke cy,n;11T11 y ceAH11:u;11 Bena, Ka,n;a je cacTaBllieHo o,n; Tpoje cy,n;11ja, 11n11
Ha rnaBHOM rrpeTpecy, KaAa je cacTaB)beHo o,n; ,n;Boje cy,n;11ja 11 Tpoje cy­
AHja-rropoTHJiIKa (qrr, 43). J1Haqe, cy,n;11ja 3a MarrorreTHJiIKe 11 cyA11je Bena 3a
MarrorreTHMKe Mopajy 611T11 JIMI.J;a Koja cy CTeKrra rroce6Ha 3HaH>a 113 06rra­
CT11 rrpaBa ,n;eTeTa 11 rrpecTyrrHMIIITBa Mrra,n;11x. TaKo�e, 11 cy,n;11je-rropoTHJ1-
I.J;J1 Mopajy 11MaT11 11cKycrno y pa,n;y ca .n;eI.J;OM 11 MJiaAJ1Ma rra ce 611pajy 113
pe,n;oBa HaCTaBHMKa, yq11TeJI,a, BaCIIl1Taqa, Kao J1 ,n;pyr11x CTPY<JHMX rr11u;a
408 ,,C11yJ1C6e1-rn z11acHUK PC', 6p. 85/2005.
409 McTO: EejaToa11h, C. (2014). Opus citatum, cTp. 525.