BIO MOLECULES By Ajeet Chaudhary

Q1) Which type of linkage is present in-

(a) Oligosaccharides(Di and Tri----) and Polysaccharides,
(b) Polypeptides (Proteins)
(c) Nucleic Acids (Polynucleotides)
Ans) a) Glycosidic linkage, b) Peptide linkage, c) Phosphodiester linkage
Q2) What happens when D-glucose is treated with the following reagents?
(i) HI (ii) Bromine water (iii) HNO3
Ans) (i)

(ii)

(iii)

Q 3) Enumerate the reactions of D-glucose which cannot be explained by its open chain structure.
OR
Write any two limitations of open chain structure of D-glucose.
Ans) a) It is unable to react with 2,4-DNP and NaHSO3.
b) Its pentaacetate does not react with hydroxylamine(NH2OH).
Q4) What are anomers?
Ans) These are the isomers which differ in their configuration at C-1 of cyclic D-glucose. Ex: α- and β –D-
glucose.
Q5) Draw the Haworth (pyranose) structure of α- and β –D-glucose.
Ans)

Q6) What is glycosidic linkage?

Ans) The linkage between two monosaccharide units through oxygen atom is called glycosidic linkage.
Q7) Name the monomer(monosaccharides) unit of the following-
OR
What are the products obtained on hydrolysis of the following:
(a) Sucrose (d) Starch
(b) Maltose (e) Cellulose
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(c) Lactose (f) Glycogen

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Ans) a) Sucrose- α-D-Glucose and β-D-Fructose, b) Maltose- α-D-Glucose,
c) Lactose - β-D-Glucose and β-D-Galactose, d) Starch - α-D-Glucose,
e) Cellulose - β-D-Glucose, f) Glycogen - α-D-Glucose
Q 8) What is invert sugar?
Ans) Mixture of α-D-Glucose and β-D-Fructose which is formed by inversion of cane sugar(sucrose), is known
as invert sugar.
Q 9) What are the component of starch? How do they differ from each other?
Ans) The two components of starch are amylose and amylopectin.
Differences
Amylose Amylopectin
1. It constitutes 15-20% of 1. It constitutes 80-85% of starch.
starch.
2. It is water soluble. 2. It is insoluble in water.
3. It is linear chain of α-D- 3. It is branched chain of α-D-
Glucose. Glucose.
Q10) Why is Glycogen known as animal starch?
Ans) Glycogen is stored in animal body and its structure is similar to amylopectin , a component of starch.
Q11) What are essential and non-essential aminoacids? Give two examples of each type.
Ans)
ESSENTIAL AMINO ACIDS NON- ESSENTIAL AMINO ACIDS
1. Amino acids which cannot 1. Amino acids which can be
be synthesised in the body synthesised in the body.
and must be taken through
diet.
Ex: Valine, Lysine Ex: Glysine, Alanine
Q12) What is petide bond(Peptide linkage)?
Ans) It is an amide linkage formed between –COOH group of one amino acid and –NH2 group of the other
amino acid.
Q13) State the differences between:
(a) Fibrous and Globular Protein, (b) α-Helix and β-pleated sheet structure
(c) Primary and secondary structure of proteins
Ans a)
Fibrous Protein Globular Protein
1. These have fibre like structure. 1. These have spherical shape.
2. They are water soluble. 2. They are water insoluble.
Ex: Keratin, Myosin Ex: Insulin, Enzymes
b)
α-Helix β-pleated sheet structure
1. The polypeptide chain are 1. The polypeptide chains are stretched
right handed coiled and the out and laid side by side and held
turns are held together by together by intermolecular hydrogen
intramolecular hydrogen bonds.
bonds.
c)
Primary Struture of Protien Secndary Struture of Protien
1. The sequence in which the 1. It arises due to regular folding of the
amino acids are arranged in a plypeptide chain due to intermolecuar
protein. hydrogen bonding between the –COOH
2

and –NH2 group.

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Q14) What is native protein?
Ans) Pritein found in biological system with a unique three dimensional structure and biological activity is
called native protein.
Q15) Define denaturation. OR When is a protein said to be denaturated? OR What is the effect of
denaturation on protein?
Ans) When the secondery and tertiary structure of proteins is destroyed due to change in p H and
temperature, it looses its biological actyivity. Such a protein is called denatured protein.
Q16) How are vitamins classified? Explain with example.
Ans) Vitamins are classified on the basis of their solubility in water and fat.
(i) Fat soluble vitamins: Vitamins which are soluble in fat and oils but insoluble in water.
Ex: Vitamin A, D , E , K
(ii) Water soluble vitamins: Vitamins which are soluble in water.
Ex: Vitamin B and C
Q17) What are the products obtained on complete hydrolysis of nucleic acids?
Ans) Pentose sugar, Phosphoric acid and nitrogeneous bases.
Q18) What is the difference between :
(a) Nucleoside and Nucleotide
(b) DNA and RNA
Ans) (a)
NUCLEOSIDE NUCLEOTIDE
1. It constitutes of a pentose sugar and 1. It constitutes of a pentose sugar,
nitrogenous base. Phosphoric acid and nitrogenous base.
(b)
DNA RNA
1. It contains deoxyribose sugar. It contains ribose sugar.
2. It contains thymine along with It contains uracil along with adenine, cytosine
adenine, cytosine and guanine. and guanine.
3. It is responsible for maintaining It is responsible for protein synthesis.
heredity transformation.
4. It has a double helical structure. It is single stranded.

Q19) Which type of bonds holds a DNA double helix together?

Ans) Intramolecular hydrogen bond.
Q20) What are zwitter ions?
Ans) The dipolar molecules ( internal salt) which have both positive and negative part.
Ex: Glycine NH3+CH2COO- , Sulphanilllic acid
Q21) Why vitamin C cannot be stored in our body?
Ans) Vitamin C being soluble in water is excreted out through urine from the body.
Q22) Name the type of bonding which stabilize α-helix structure in proteins?
Ans) Hydrogen bonding
Q23) Name the naturally occurring amino acid which is not optically active?
Ans) Glycine
Q24) Name the carbohydrate used as storage molecule to store energy in animals?
Ans) Glycogen( animal starch)
Q25) Name an oil soluble vitamin which is a powerful antioxidant. Give its one natural source.
Ans) Vitamin E. Its source is almond oil and wheat.
Q26) Wrtie the name of deficiency disease of amino acids?
Ans) Kwashiorkor ( Disbalance of water in a particular part of our body)
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