الصف 1 - مصر

‫ﺍﻟـﻔــــــــﻴـﺰﻳــﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻒ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻮﻯ‬
‫ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻐﻼﻑ‬
‫
‪M‬‬
‫! ‬
‫ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺐ‬
‫‪٢٠١٤ - ٢٠١٣‬‬
‫ﺍﻟـﻔﻴـﺰﻳـﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻒ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻮﻯ‬
‫ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺐ‬
‫ﻓﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﻹﻋﺪﺍﺩ‬
‫ﺩ‪ .‬ﻳﺎﺳﺮ ﺳﻴﺪ ﺣﺴﻦ ﻣﻬﺪﻯ‬ ‫ﺃ‪.‬ﺩ ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻬﺎﺩﻯ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻭﻯ‬
‫ﺩ‪ .‬ﺃﻳﻤﻦ ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻄﻰ‬ ‫ﺩ‪ .‬ﻋﻼﺀ ﻓﺮﺝ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﺣﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺎ‬
‫‪٢٠١٤ - ٢٠١٣‬‬
‫ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺗﻄﻮﻳﺮ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻫﺞ ﻭﺍﳌﻮﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻤﻴﺔ‬

‫ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ‬
M"#$ %& '#( )* ,+ #- .!$ /0 123 4 M 567 89: : %; <-=
+:> ?@A BC 6( 57 @ MD 3= E F3AC G <= + @$ − 8 <3:! ,BH!
IBJ0DJ 3( 7;D! B 4 K L M N OH&! +! ,P!
:

I3=7 G ;#! 123 .Q 4 3( 7;! 8 R S0H
I3( 7; B(@ T .3U .! V W %M X G 23&Y
IF "! Z2= VD 8 )* .A#J 8[ \ 8M ! ,V= S; 3]67 %M %K&
IB^ 2 %K&! ,B )* <3
4 ";J G %M :_
`7a! b! F@ \!@ <=! ,VD 8 '3E .c 7I T6 _ e@ Sf D
I@M H#! '0 T! @cg 1h <HAD!
IVA3HM! G= '#i T_J L:j F@I , ,3D3> B6 %M %K&
I3k ! 3k l Vm3H ?j G n>! ,3m3H : T o# 3 pa 3m3H BqJ 3=7D
$ FAC ; . 0 =Q 67 % <& =r ,M Y % E O G %; + s!
:V! ,% <& : L (@
I3 3 7D3U 4 M! <" ٤ Iu3A BU!! 3923 B3=; ١
I3 3 7D3U 4 A3HMD! @> M ٥ I3M^ &@> ٢
IA3HMD! 3K3I7 L A ٦ I@9 &@> ٣
;Hv G w=3D x 83=0D 8D Af BJ0DJ! B 3( 7;D <3! W B M H& !
:) F @ G z{! B#oJ! BH! 0! Tf$ =r +! 3! B
www.elshamsscience.com.eg
8 ;/ < =>?
!" #$ ! %& '() '* +,!- ./ ,( 12 #$ 345 67 '* 9
8
@9!? A- B 2 ,C AD #$ <@+ AEF #I HI
‫اﻟﻤﺆﻟﻔﻮن‬
‫اﻟﻤﺤﺘﻮﻳﺎت‬
‫اﻟﺒﺎب اول‪ :‬اﻟﻜﻤﻴﺎت اﻟﻔﻴﺰﻳﺎﺋﻴﺔ ووﺣﺪات‬

‫اﻟﻘﻴﺎس‬
‫‪٢‬‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اول ‪ :‬اﻟﻘﻴﺎس اﻟﻔﻴﺰﻳﺎﺋﻰ‬
‫‪١٧‬‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻰ ‪ :‬اﻟﻜﻤﻴﺎت اﻟﻘﻴﺎﺳﻴﺔ واﻟﻜﻤﻴﺎت اﻟﻤﺘﺠﻬﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺒﺎب اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻰ ‪ :‬اﻟﺤﺮﻛﺔ اﻟﺨﻄﻴﺔ‬
‫‪٢٦‬‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اول ‪ :‬اﻟﺤﺮﻛﺔ ﻓﻰ ﺧﻂ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ‬
‫‪٣٥‬‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻰ ‪ :‬اﻟﺤﺮﻛﺔ ﺑﻌﺠﻠﺔ ﻣﻨﺘﻈﻤﺔ‬
‫‪٤٨‬‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ ‪ :‬اﻟﻘﻮة واﻟﺤﺮﻛﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺒﺎب اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‪ :‬اﻟﺤﺮﻛﺔ اﻟﺪاﺋﺮﻳﺔ‬
‫‪٥٨‬‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اول ‪ :‬ﻗﻮاﻧﻴﻦ اﻟﺤﺮﻛﺔ اﻟﺪاﺋﺮﻳﺔ‬
‫‪٦٧‬‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻰ ‪ :‬اﻟﺠﺎذﺑﻴﺔ اﻟﻜﻮﻧﻴﺔ واﻟﺤﺮﻛﺔ اﻟﺪاﺋﺮﻳﺔ‬

‫اﻟﺒﺎب اﻟﺮاﺑﻊ‪ :‬اﻟﺸﻐﻞ واﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﻓﻰ ﺣﻴﺎﺗﻨﺎ اﻟﻴﻮﻣﻴﺔ‬
‫‪٧٨‬‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اول ‪ :‬اﻟﺸﻐﻞ واﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ‬
‫‪٨٧‬‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻰ ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻧﻮن ﺑﻘﺎء اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺒﺎب اﻟﺨﺎﻣﺲ‪ :‬اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﺤﺮارﻳﺔ وﺗﻄﺒﻴﻘﺎﺗﻬﺎ ﻓﻰ‬

‫ﺣﻴﺎﺗﻨﺎ اﻟﻴﻮﻣﻴﺔ‬
‫‪٩٤‬‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اول ‪ :‬اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﺪاﺧﻠﻴﺔ ودرﺟﺔ اﻟﺤﺮارة‬
‫‪١٠٠‬‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻰ ‪ :‬اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﺤﺮارﻳﺔ‬
‫‪١٠٩‬‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ ‪ :‬اﻟﺘﻤﺪد اﻟﺤﺮارى‬
‫اﻟﺒﺎب اﻟﺴﺎدس‪ :‬اﻟﻘﻮة اﻟﻤﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﺴﻴﺔ‬

‫وﺗﻄﺒﻴﻘﺎﺗﻬﺎ‬
‫‪١١٨‬‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اول ‪ :‬اﻟﻘﻮة اﻟﻤﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﺴﻴﺔ‬
‫‪١٢٤‬‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻰ ‪ :‬اﺛﺮ اﻟﻤﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﺴﻰ ﻟﻠﺘﻴﺎر اﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﻰ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﻤﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﻴﺰﻳﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻭﻭﺣﺪﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺱ‬
‫‪Physical Quantities and Measuring Units‬‬

‫ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ‬
‫ﺗﻬﺘﻢ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ ﺑﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﻈﻮﺍﻫﺮ ﺍﻟﺘﻰ ﺗﺤﺪﺙ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻟﻜﻮﻥ‪ ،‬ﻓﺘﺼﻒ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻈﻮﺍﻫﺮ‬
‫ﻭﺗﺤﺎﻭﻝ ﺗﻔﺴﻴﺮﻫﺎ ﻭﺗﺨﻀﻌﻬﺎ ﻟﻠﺘﺠﺮﺑﺔ ﺑﻬﺪﻑ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﺓ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻓﻰ ﺧﺪﻣﺔ ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ً‬
‫ﺩﻗﻴﻘﺎ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺇﺟﺮﺍﺀ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﻗﻴﺎﺱ ﺩﻗﻴﻘﺔ ﻟﻠﻜﻤﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﻴﺰﻳﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻭﺻﻒ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻈﻮﺍﻫﺮ‬
‫‪JJ
HK‬‬ ‫‪JJ (5 D $ 6" "J/‬‬
‫‪u3A B!:E 83=0D Vf 1= : 6( @AD‬‬ ‫‪IV= @3K‬‬

‫=‪I‬‬ ‫‪IZ7J‬‬
‫‪Iu3A 3= 1@(* Vf 3=E @AD‬‬ ‫=‪I#A‬‬
‫*‪I3 3 L3o Vf u3A 3=E |:‬‬ ‫‪I/370‬‬
‫‪IB;"= <U‬‬
‫‪IF3HM‬‬
‫;‪I7 @3‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‬
‫اﻟﻘﻴﺎس اﻟﻔﻴﺰﻳﺎﺋﻰ‬
Physical Measurement
@] N#f ,wHM /"; 1@(a '3HM @= !2 7

.! ,T F! ,?j ! ,. M u3 :67 B3 L : ‫ﻧﻮاﺗﺞ اﻟﺘﻌﻠﻢ اﻟﻤﺘﻮﻗﻌﺔ‬
<- B3A 1@(a T 73 cE 8 =& I'A B: :‫ﻓﻰ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺔ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺗﻜﻮن ﻗﺎد ًرا ﻋﻠﻰ أن‬
7D" . oD B3Af ,T Vf .!@K ; !E o + K 3$ 3923 B3=; 3 }@D
IA"=!
(: /
f ;T$ M 67 @3H ;= 3=& @:A V*
I3923 B3=; : E : 57KD
.A ?E <rf$! ,3 = F3: @3 ? ; D@ 6# v L@U Vf 3$ 3923 B3=; :oD
40 °C u 23 (: 40 ND@U (: ?*
I- I63 BU!! V! T~7
;! . M u3 B!:E V=KD
I2!
B3=; V! T~7 BU! 57KD
IA" 3923f
o
BHM* Vf : $ : TKD
I3923 3# A
Iu3A Vf M 'KoD ‹
Iu3A Vf M :0 @&D ‹
3 3 L3o Vf B3 1@(a ?K#a Zo : <;v
: ‫ﻣﺼﻄﻠﺤﺎت اﻟﻔﺼﻞ‬
‫ﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺼﻮﺩ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﻴﺎﺱ؟‬ Physical quantity 3923 3=;

/ #$ BL* J(M K$ JN D $ "J/ 2 O Measuring unit u3A LU!
,P "/ Q AI $ R/ SJ TO 3I J?7U Absolute error FM= M
:V K39 @
7 MM u3A 3=! Relative error VHK7 M
I63 :@= 3923 B3=; ١ : ‫ﻣﺼﺎدر اﻟﺘﻌﻠﻢ اﻟﻜﺘﺮوﻧﻴﺔ‬

BU!! 3923 B3=; :J"7 6"S
Ij u3A B!:E ٢
Iu3A
I3= BU K= u3A BU! ٣ http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Hk-aI5EFlYY
I@
7 @07 <& <30 .!77!
‫ ﺍﻟﺼﻒ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻮﻯ‬- ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻴﺰﻳﺎﺀ‬

٢
‫ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﺍﻟﻔﻴﺰﻳﺎﺋﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‬
Physical Quantities ‫ ﺍﻟﻜﻤﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﻴﺰﻳﺎﺋﻴﺔ‬-١

o#! ,3923f B3=& V=KD @3! 8]o! . M! 2! ; <- 6 <# V B3=; ?*
I3 3 7D3U Vf 63 V* Zo#
‫ﺗﻮﺍﺻـــﻞ‬ :‫ﻭﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺗﺼﻨﻴﻒ ﺍﻟﻜﻤﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﻴﺰﻳﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ‬
%; x .c 7 <
D J @D J 3923f 3=& V :--* 4);S JN ‫ﺃ‬
I3! B = ;Hv V
wwwIelshamsscienceIcomIeg
I+@cE 3923f B3=&
I; ,2 ,. M :6-E
I3$ 3923 B3=; J @D 3923f 3=& V : V$ 4);S JN ‫ﺏ‬
I] ,@K ,8]o :6-E

:?E .-= <3H V ]7f
L3 `DJ × b@ × . M = B3MK= +j 8]U
V = L1 × L2 × L3
L1
I. M F" 8]o ?E +E
L2
3$ 3923 B3=; o =~#E L 8 Vf ( !
B3MK +j : <;v
:67! 63 BU!!
O I
BJ WX M)! WX TO
WXU ?5 WX J(
(M . K . S) (F . P . S) (C . G . S) --Q
@ T @=37 =M
T@( 3& #! T@( "(
3#M 3#M 3#M #$;
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﺮﻳﺎﺿﻴﺎﺕ‬
BJ:= ! ,3@ BJ:= H 6rH 6! 3923 B3=; @3H 8 =9:

. = ! I3 . 3923f : <; ? ;! IV923f /3
L@0 L
V 3@
IV923 V7= N3=K#
‫ﻛـﺘـﺎﺏ ﺍﻟـﻄــﺎﻟــﺐ‬
٣
‫ﺍﻟﻜﻤﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﻴﺰﻳﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻭﻭﺣﺪﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‬
+@= T~7 rE V=K! :International System of Units (SI) ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻮﺣﺪﺍﺕ‬
V 1960 T A + @" +:o j =! 3A= V= @=D= Vf }DJ 8D ! ,@
=
:3 L 0 V H
E z ! ,F K +@= T~7 BU! x E f*
WX S 3I 4);5 J( 9?"?$
Meter (m) @= (L) . M Z
Kilogram (kg) T@( 3& (M) ; [
Second (s) 3#M (t) 2 \
Ampere (A) @3HE (I) V @6; 3 Lv ]
Kelvin (K) & (T) AM= L@o (: ^
Mole (mol) . (n) L:= 3=& _
Candela (cd) #; (Iv) L1a Lv `
:J2 'Sa '7I b5a* c
IoMK= !2 u3A Radian ?:
I=K]= !2 u3A Steradian ?:@
I8 1o#E f& Vf = 3= BJ]= x3=( Vf V! T~7 T 8D !
‫ﻋﻠﻤﺎء أﻓﺎدوا اﻟﺒﺸﺮﻳﺔ‬
L29( V <0U +@0 8 :<!j =UE UE V#M@ 8 :? K I T3!
: Vf 23 T 3U T 1999 T < # T ! +@= T~7 ! I 1= j@ E
Vf oD V! Bm2] 3 393=3; B "&" u3A V FM= @0 (: 33
(10–15 s) 3#M =3 uAD 37j L@f +!KD 6#E (!! ,D L@o B(
I -273°C

٤
Measurement Tools ‫ ﺃﺩﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺱ‬-٢

/&! ` Df Iu3A <9! 33HM @ ~ ! N=K( 12(E V= Vf ?K#a D
u3A UH7 Vf @=A L!:! 6 !@! =" }!@v :! ,. M 3A=& @3! TA! 3
MD u3A B!:E B MD A! ,!: <& Vf B:D! O 7D! ,u3A 8~# B"#! ,2
V ?K#a B z ! ,3#- 3= %@o 'AE + 8r V70 M I* Vf 9
I13v$ F9AU V* <
! @ ~ /
!
I.;v$ UK u3 − . I$ u3
Pd )I J)c
d O R* eM J(
. M
@!@;3= 3# B{ A L@MK= +@= F@"
;
V= ?23 LU ; !{ ?23 3; !{ ?23 V#! ?23
2
3= Aa .!7H 3@ K

Standard Units ‫ ﺍﻟﻮﺣﺪﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻴﺎﺭﻳﺔ‬-٣
7f ,V7= = 3 3 7D3U Vf 6 T A# V T6= @3-; H0 u3A BU! T ?!
LU! < :.1K# 7] z{ ?f K= ; u3 LU! @&# ?E ?!: 5 +!KD 8K( & ?* . A#
7o!E ? ;# 5 kg +!KD ; ?* :. A# 7 77;! ?IIM TE T@( 3; TE ,T@] V u3A
I D Ur*
3=;
٥
.‫ﻳﺸﲑ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺮﻣﺰ ﺇﱃ ﴐﻭﺭﺓ ﻣﺮﺍﺟﻌﺔ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻷﻧﺸﻄﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺪﺭﻳﺒﺎﺕ ﻟﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﻧﺸﺎﻁ ﺃﻭ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﲠﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ‬
;! . M <- 3= BU <; : @-&$ /@ oH 1= .!U A!
IB@ z3*! ,2!
I. M u3A 3 LU & @= T .!E ? 3K#@ @H :(‫ ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻄﻮﻝ )ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺮ‬:‫ﺃﻭﻻ‬
- o @= /@D @3D !
I: @-&$ /@
W)))Q − #7f! #$ (!- #$ g- ) / #7D5,$ #$f/ #M S?J 2 BD J"
@h)DM #$ M h) J #)iJ" H(J S O);"- 5C
DR / j5,$
+3 @= : <;"
‫ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺔ ﺇﺛﺮﺍﺋﻴﺔ‬
@= .H 3#;* V 3A=! 3j = V! @=D= Vf 1= FD T 1960 T Vf
:VDg /@ Af! O - U F K +3
A"
J =IQ #$ T1650763.73U $"$d R/ B?) BD J"
BD1 R B& 'M( C/ X D& #$ k5 S l!J 7! − JIQ
@"'M( im M 4M N n)57 M!* S 86
3I
$
"opN"
86-'MN 3D&
q
$ FI 1650763٫73
86-? @; L VAD@H @=U$ 1 r H( = . I$ J f@@= : <;v

٦
‫ﺃﻓﻜﺎﺭ ﻟﺘﻨﺸﻴﻂ ﺍﻹﺑﺪﺍﻉ‬
‫ ‪:3 m$ ( Vf o ,B = ;Hv T‬‬

‫&‪?3$ L@; F3o . I u3 z7;= /3‬‬ ‫&‪?b$ @=A u3 z7;= /3‬‬
‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺎ‪ :‬ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﻠﺔ )ﺍﻟﻜﻴﻠﻮ ﺟﺮﺍﻡ( ‪− 3DH ;3H # ME & +!K +3 T@( 3;" :‬‬
‫‪3A= V! ';= Vf u 23 @
(: 7 o L:o= : $ B{ T @a‬‬
‫!= ‪I %@A j‬‬
‫";< ‪+3 T@( 3; : ٥‬‬
‫ﺛﺎﻟﺜﺎ‪ :‬ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺰﻣﻦ )ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ( ‪Af I=A 0 Vf oD 8D A! ,2 u3 LU! V 3#-‬‬
‫&? ‪:?E 3U ,2 LU <6! O M u3A V - Lj= 3! T 3! 67! <3‬‬
‫‪3#M 86400 = 3#M 60 × 60 × 24 = A3: 60 × 24 = 24 = T 3‬‬
‫ ‪IF = VK=" T 3‬‬ ‫! ‪1 +!KD 6#E V 3#- /@D ;= FH V 17‬‬
‫‪86400‬‬
‫!‪I Vf V! ,2 u3A T 23K <- BK T 1= \@ A‬‬
‫ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺔ ﺇﺛﺮﺍﺋﻴﺔ‬
‫‪:T 23K T 3#- VDg /@ V* 1= <
D‬‬
‫"‪R/ 133 BD1 R B& W);? 3D& #$ l! $if $; 35 2 P‬‬
‫‪"T
$ 9192631700 B?)U
J #$‬‬
‫ﺷﺎﻫﺪﻓﻴﻠﻢﻋﻠﻰﻣﻮﻗﻊﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ‬
‫&‪? K <=D /3‬‬
‫";< ‪ T 23K :‬‬
‫‪٧‬‬
3= 3=$ B{ <9K= @3H& : : Vf 37= B{ BK T K!
U= 3Ko B(@ '#( V* T 3 j 6K# . U b$ ?!: L oD <- 3=!
I@3! ? ; "&J 1r BU F3D! ,3$! ]
‫ﺗﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﻜﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﻗﺪ‬
?. M u3A 3 LU & N o7 Z(2 +3 @= <M= . I TK J {= ❃
?V! +3 @= V rf! + +3 @= 1= c zE Vf {= ❃
?3923 3=; u3A : @-&$ 3= 1= oH {= ❃
Dimensional Formula ‫ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ ﺍﻷﺑﻌﺎﺩ‬

I3= N3 }DJ 8 3923f 3=& <; :o /@D V 1= M

fK=
1o#E x3=( Vf /@ <~! I = 2 HK7 fK= @3D . @K :fPJS
2
I8
‫ﻟﻌﺒﺔﺇﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔﻋﻠﻰﻣﻮﻗﻊﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ‬ I "L" 2@ Length . M 2@#
?3923 B3=; : E %KU I"M" 2@ Mass ; 2@#

I"T" 2@ Time 2 2@#
I3923 3=; ": E :" V=K V <0o# A K j @ J /@ @H# 7!
:-=f
Distance L . M fK=
¡v] = = = LT-1 = = @K
time T 2 2
3923 B3=; : E J A"= 3923 B3=; 8~ @3H ;= N#E r FH =
:3Dg L 0 V 5D7 @3H ';! 3 "u$" 67 <& ` f@ 2! ;! . M V! ,3$
[A] = L ± a M ± b T ± c
I'3D@ V L ! M ! T : E V a,b,c ,3923 3=; A 3U
BU : $ : @3H u3A LU! V <0o# : ‫ﻭﺣﺪﺓ ﻗﻴﺎﺱ ﺍﻟﻜﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﻴﺰﻳﺎﺋﻴﺔ‬
IH7=
Im/s 3#M¢@ :3IM /? O 7 =PJ 9!- "S

٨
‫ﻣﺜﺎﻝ ﻣﺤﻠﻮﻝ‬
@K @3D . 6# @D ] ?E O= {* ,63 LU! z&! ,] : E : (!E
I2 HK7
:‫ﺍﻟﺤﻞ‬
Velocity LT
-1
@K
a= = = LT = ]
-2
time T 2
m/s2 ¢T :? ;f ] u3 LU! E
: ‫ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ ﺃﺑﻌﺎﺩ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﻜﻤﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﻴﺰﻳﺎﺋﻴﺔ‬
O 3I RMQ R$ BLQ J( r$ cf/ 4);5 J(
m2 L×L=L
2
b@ × . M (A) UK=
m3 L×L×L=L
3
`DJ × b@ × . M (V) 8]o
kg/ m3 M ; (ρ) f-;

= ML-3
L3 8]o
m/s L fK (v) @K
= LT -1
T 2
m/s2 LT -1 £ (a) ]
= LT -2
T 2
T#7U N M × LT -2= MLT -2 ] × ; (F) L A
‫اﻧﺘﺒﻪ‬
: $ : # =6 +E ,` 7 # # ;D ?E '] 33923f 33=& \@I !E x=( 7
I2 m fK x 2 kg & x=( ;= f
=U* u3 LU! . o# ?E ']3f ` 7 # 33=; u3A LU! O#& {*
I=6r x 33=; \@I !E x=( ;= V; +@c$ u3 LU! V*
1 m + 170 cm = 100 cm + 170 cm = 270 cm
o Vf! ,: $ : # 6 3 V 3923 B3=; =K! %@ ;=
I@K 57D 2 V fK= =K 7f ,L( 3923f 3=& V <0o#
? ; ?E '] 3U ,3# A o
Hc Vf : $ : T ;= :‫ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻻﺕ ﺍﻷﺑﻌﺎﺩ‬
I:= : $ #]D F3AoD V=K ! ,M= := Vf@I <& : E
٩
1
M : E : ?E O= {* ,@K x @ × ; = &@o I : o
OHM
2
E = ML2T–2
:‫ﺍﻟﺤﻞ‬
ML T V =$ @M : E :
2 -2
@K$ @M : E :

1
2
M (L/T) = ML T
2 -2
Iu3 LU! N 3 @K; ?E T =
2
Io3o
?E z{ 57K#! I=$ @M : E : # V!
L @M /0# r 3U , V = πrh 3 # M$ 8]U ?E 8UE \@
I # M$ `D h , # M$
r I:= o
FAoD V; : $ : T
:‫ﺍﻟﺤﻞ‬
BU! N 3 O M ?E U! V = rh I:= ';D
h IL3 8]U @K$ @M : E :
IL2 . I×. I =$ @M : E :
IA M @3 := Vf@I : E :K
IMc := :s-F
Vf@I V 6fc ;! ,6o

=r J := Vf@I V : $ : # : (! :?E UJ
IMc & :=
:‫ﺭﻛﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﻜﻴﺮ‬
: cf" M&K t>7 b,7 6?
NI ru7
vf = vi + gt
vf ,2 t ,3$ 3 {] ] V g :? = I: $ BJ: T o
OHME
I39 J @K vi ,3967 @K

١٠
‫ﻣﻀﺎﻋﻔﺎﺕ ﻭﻛﺴﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﻮﺣﺪﺍﺕ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻰ‬

-=f ,u3 LU!! +: 8@ L: 3923 3=; /
D u3A 3= Vf
T ]7 3 fK=
Af ] Vf B 3 fK= E I100,000,000,000,000,000m V o AD! k( L@3H&
@3H <r z IT$ L1@ Vf L@3H&
]# 7#E zv J 0.000000001m V o
T ]7 3 fK= & ;= A@M 6 ! ,3 u$ f@ 10 8@ T 6 &! T$
V=KD! 1×10−9m L 0 V ] Vf B 3 fK=! 1×1017m L 0 V
1= 10±x <= V=! I:$ ; 3= 30 3923 B3=; @3H Vf A@M
:V .!] o V! 1= 3 63 }DJ 8D L:o
10
9
10
6
10
3
10
-2
10
-3
10
-6
10
-9
<=
]3( ]3 3& V7 V !@;3 ## V=K=
G M k c m n n 2@
‫ﺃﻣﺜﻠﺔ ﻣﺤﻠﻮﻟﺔ‬
Icm3 LU 1= 8]U (!E , 9 m3 N3f 1= 8]U §H ?2c
:‫ﺍﻟﺤﻞ‬
1 cm = 10–2 m :?E ]# F K .!]
100 cm = 1 m (100) Vf %@r
9 m3 = 9 (100 cm)3 = 9 × 106 cm3 :?E ]# z{ V!
I μA @3HE!@;3= LU 3 Lv @H ,(7 mA) @3HE V 7 NDv V9 @6& 3D
:‫ﺍﻟﺤﻞ‬
1 mA = 10–3A :?E ]# F K .!]
1 μA = 10–6 A
:?E 57 3A K 3 =KA

1 mA
= 103
1 μA
1 mA = 103 μA :?E E
7 mA = 7×103 μA :?E ]# 7 Vf 3f@M %@r !
I@3HE!@;3 7000 = @3HE V 7 :?E V7
١١
Measurement error :‫ﺧﻄﺄ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺱ‬

3= : 3 UHD @~#
ND26(E @ MD! u3A }@I 3Ko ND @H ?K#a 8
: (! J ;! ,100 % u3 3= 8D ?E ;= J! ,V( 7;! V= TA! u3A
=3A! A= =3A 3 f c |7 ?E ]# 7#f - f@ . I u3 7f ,M M3K ! HK#
!E 3I cJ ? ; ! ,3A3Ao
Iu3A : 'KU @3H&
‫ﺗﺪرﻳﺐ‬
: , "/ 4 bN ,vwD 6"c =I Oc fI 5 #$ 6"$ H"I
x @ - V#- .!$ HM
10.2 cm 10.0 cm 9.8 cm 10.0 cm 10.1 cm O K
?F K .!] 57KD {
?u3A Vf 1Mc$ 67 O]# V =o= %H$ @&{
?{=! ?e
@ 8A . I u3 Vf }:$ L@MK=
8 ( L@MK − E
1 2 3 4 6 7 8 9 11 12 13 14 16 17
cm 5 15 8 ( L@MK − %
10 cm
10 100
:‫ﻣﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﺨﻄﺄ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺱ‬
::0= ! ,= 3923 B3=; u3 7 M :0 :D
H7 @3 L:E 3c 9" 1Mc$ :H7 @3 u3 L:E 3c ١
u3A uKo ?23= J := ?23= T -=f ,u3A
Iu3A Vf @H&E Mc !U V* +: VH{ 8Dc &
! ,u3A L:E Vf @-&E !E '3 ( :u3A L:E Vf '3 : (! ٢
:.-= <3H V @3$ j6( Vf % 3 zD -E
8 @3E j6( : ¨ <;v

I 3 H
E Nc 3I7=! =
j6] ? ; ?E
I<;" =& 3 xM 7 5 @
@3$ u3A @v Z!@c

١٢
1@(* V 3 = @3 ev$! ]K= 1Mc$ 57D @3-& :Mc A@M u3A 1@(* ٣
:1Mc$ ! , u3A
I@=3= <- 5 L: L26($ T f@ T
IL:$ V k : = ©@ Fc ? ; ?E J !2 5 !E @v= V* @~7
u3A L:E V k : = ©@ Fc ? ; ?E VH7 : ª <;v
T @3
8K( & u3 7f 39 6 B3 !E I@ !E L@o B(: <- :3m3 < ٤
x M '7]! ;u3A 3= Vf Mc !U V* 39 6 B3 +:D uKU ?23
Iw((j }!7
<c: uKo ?23=
:‫ﺣﺴﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺨﻄﺄ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺱ‬

23=# ?E J u3A Vf M %KU 33& b@ Vf EH# ?E <H
:u3A V # 3 J!E
;u3A LU! L:E T N3f 8 :@vH= u3A ١
u3 L:E T <9 f-& u3 ;= -=f
I"@3!36" « @D LU!
u3 F@I <9 f-& u3 ;=3f ,u3 L:E @-&E T N3f 8 :@vH= @3 u3A ٢
I8]o V ; =KA f-; %KU 8M ,Z= H= 8]o u3! ?23= ;
H=! ?23= T f-; u3 : <;v T L@vH A@M f-; u3 : ¬ <;v
Iu3A Vf Mc N7 57 Z= Iu3A Vf U! Mc N7 57 @3!36
١٣
@vH= @3 u3A @vH= u3A #A= N(!

Iu3 3= @-&E 1@(* N3f 8 ILU! u3 3= 1@(* N3f 8 u3A B3= :
I 3=; %Ko 3 Vf 8 I3 Vf 8 J 3 Ko B3=
;u3A 3= Vf 1McE L |7 ? ;
Iu3A 3= Vf U! Mc |7 ? ; u3A Vf 1Mc$
IM 8&@ @ o
I`DJ Vf b@ Vf . M %@r 8]o u3 IZ= H= T 8]o u3 -E
:‫ ﺣﺴﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺨﻄﺄ ﻓﻰ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺎﺷﺮ‬-(١)

‫ﺷﺎﻫﺪﺗﺠﺮﺑﺔﻋﻠﻰﻣﻮﻗﻊﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ‬
=3A! x0 3A3Ao =3A 3 }@ :∆ x FM= M
I3A@M f-; u3
∆ x = dx0 − xd Ix A=
3=; <E 3A3Ao 3=; O#& VU H( =9: ? ; 5D7 ?E V d d u3A= .D!
d–8d = 8:.-= <3H Vf ?0A7 !E L:2 ?& 1 M A f@ 86= ?$ ;A=
∆x
r= Ix0 3A3Ao =3A V* ∆ x FM= M 3 HK7 :r VHK7 M
x0
. M 3A3Ao =3A O#&! 9.9 cm +!K N#E (!! 3= e

8 . I u3A %M UE T
=3A ?E 3U Vf 9.13 m +!K N#E (!! <0 . I u3A N3j T =73 ,10 cm +!KD 8A
IU <& Vf VHK7 M! FM= M 'KU 9.11 m +!KD <0 . M 3A3Ao
:‫ﺍﻟﺤﻞ‬
∆x = dx0 - xd = d10 - 9.9d = 0.1 cm FM= M %KU :.!$ 'M U Vf
∆x 0.1
r= = = 0.01 = 1 % VHK7 M %KU
x0 10
∆x = dx0 - xd = d9.11 - 9.13d = d–0.02d m = 2 cm FM= M %KU :V#- 'M U Vf
∆x 0.02
r= = = 0.0022 = 0.22 % VHK7 M %KU
x0 9.11
:V o7 V u3A 3= ]3# @3H ;=!
(10 ± 0.1) cm +!K e
@ 8A . I
(9.11 ± 0.02) m +!K <0 . I
V! 8A . I u3 Vf FM= M @H&E <0 u3 Vf FM= M ?E FH =3f U#
<0 . I u3 ?E V . ! ,<E <0 . I u3 Vf VHK7 M ?E ]# z{ 8@
I8A . I u3 : @-&E

١٤
J"N cR PN* O '() ,"MJ >Mu #$ O cR "/ FR PNQ 2 !? >Mu !) :K
@xw
d !? >Mu 'N
:‫ ﺣﺴﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺨﻄﺄ ﻓﻰ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺎﺷﺮ‬-(٢)

@?, "J/ At* a) cf" !7 %& ,p!J m O I S >Mu ?I )I o"u7
>Mu ?I 5N =P$ a) cf
Vf FM= M = FM= M

I<9 33=& 8]U u3 rJK
Vf FM= M + .!$ u3A
IV#- u3A Vf 6! <H 1= 8]U \@M : A# M 8]U u3
yM
∆ x = ∆ x1 + ∆ x2 IH= Vf 6! 1= 8]U Z H
M = u3A Vf VHK7 M b@ u3! . M u3A <3MK UK u3

M + .!$ u3A Vf VHK7 I=6 @ <
U :]*!
IV#- u3A Vf VHK7 :]* 8M 8]o! ; u3A <9 f-& u3
J?
r = r1 + r2 I8]o V ; =K <
U
N@! (6±0.1) m N I A <3MK UK u3 Vf FM= M! VHK7 M 'KU
I(5±0.2) m
:‫ﺍﻟﺤﻞ‬
∆x 0.1
r1 = = = 0.017 . M u3 Vf VHK7 M %KU
x0 6
∆y 0.2
r2 = = = 0.04 b@ u3 Vf VHK7 M %KU
y0 5
r = r1 + r2 = 0.017 + 0.04 = 0.057 UK= u3 Vf VHK7 M %KU
∆A
r= ?E 3U!
A0
(A0) 3A3Ao UK= Vf wHK7 M %@r ∆A FM= M %KU ;= N#f
∆A = r × A0 = (0.057) × (5×6) =1.7 m2
A = (30±1.7) m2 w <3MK= UK ? ;D FH V 17 !
١٥
:O#& {* IL2, L1 33923f 33=& x=( 3D V L 3923f 3=& 33 3= @]D Vf
L1 = (5.2 ± 0.1) cm L2 = (5.8 ± 0.2) cm
?L =3 'KU
:‫ﺍﻟﺤﻞ‬
L0 = (5.2+5.8) = 11 cm L « 3A3Ao =3A %KU
∆L = (0.1 + 0.2) = 0.3 cm FM= M %KU
∴ L = 11 ± 0I3 cm
u3 59# O#& {* B3MK j 8]U u3 Vf FM= M! VHK7 M 'KU
:V o7 V : E
cm 3A3Ao 3=; cm A= 3=; H
4.4 4.3 x . M
3.5 3.3 y b@
3 2.8 z `DJ
:‫ﺍﻟﺤﻞ‬
‫ﹰ‬
:‫ ﺣﺴﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺨﻄﺄ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺒﻰ‬:‫ﺃﻭﻻ‬
∆x d4.4 – 4.3d
r1 = = = 0.023 . M u3 Vf VHK7 M %KU
x0 4.4
∆y d3.5 - 3.3d
r2 = = = 0.057 b@ u3 Vf VHK7 M %KU
y0 3.5
∆z d3 - 2.8d
r3 = = = 0.067 `DJ u3 Vf VHK7 M %KU
z0 3
r = r1 + r2 + r3 = 0.023 + 0.057 + 0.067 = 0.147 8]o u3 Vf VHK7 M %KU
:‫ ﺣﺴﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺨﻄﺄ ﺍﻟﻤﻄﻠﻖ‬:‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺎ‬
‫ﹰ‬
(V0) B3MK= +j = VA3Ao 8]o %KU
V0 = x0 y0 z0 = 4.3 × 3.5 × 3 = 46.2 cm3

∆V
r=
V0
∆ V = r V0
∆ V = 0.147 × 46.2 = 6.79 cm3

١٦
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻰ‬
‫اﻟﻜﻤﻴﺎت اﻟﻘﻴﺎﺳﻴﺔ واﻟﻜﻤﻴﺎت اﻟﻤﺘﺠﻬﺔ‬

Scalar quantities & Vector quantities
; ,& 6f 37°CND@U (: =K(

?E #@&{ {*
A= #@&{ o7f 50 km/h @K |@oD L3 ?E #@&{ {* :: ‫اﻟﻤﺘﻮﻗﻌﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺘﻌﻠﻢ اﻟﻤﺘﻮﻗﻌﺔ‬
‫ﻧﻮاﺗﺞ اﻟﺘﻌﻠﻢ‬
‫ﻧﻮاﺗﺞ‬
V* < ?L3K |@oD ]D +E Vf :.©K VAH! u3A LU!!
‫ﻗﺎدراا‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺔ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺗﻜﻮن ﻗﺎد ًر‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬
?]DE +E Vf TE %@ V* TE }@" :‫ﻋﻠﻰ أن‬
6 ! @v 50 km/h & L 0 L3K @ & ;= 97 3=;!
Fc wf &@o33A T 6=
3=; @D
3 }@D
xrD ‹
I6]=
I83AK
@Kf V7= <=;3 ]DJ! A= oD 8D ? ;
B3=; V3AI&@o %@r ` #E@D
\@"D ‹
I6] 3=& z w 3#3H .;v$ @K!I6]= 8@D ‹
B3=;
– 2! Uja
V]DJ3 %@r
@D
D ‹
I2!I6]=
@K
= B@K ` #E 3 }@D ‹
I673 ?AD!
3#3H .;v$
Scalar 33
quantity<o! @K! 3=& ‹‹
w0AK
@D @K : <;v @D L@o (: : <;v I3M
Vector 6]
&@o A=!
quantity 3=& ‹
=
6]D! A= FAf A=
Distance fK= ‹
:V* 3923 B3=; /370D ;= FH V 1 7 Displacement Uja ‹
Scalar
MotionProduct V3A %@r
&@o ‹
A= =D @D 3923f 3=& V! :33 3=& ‫ﺃ‬
(Dot Product)
Displacement Uja ‹
(: ,2 ,; ,fK= :<- I]D 6 3! FAf Product V]DJ %@r
Vector
Distance fK= ‹
III M ,L@o (Cross Product)
Speed : @K ‹
A= =D @D 3923f 3=& V! :6] 3=& ‫ﺏ‬ Velocity 6]= @K ‹
:‫ﻣﺼﺎدر اﻟﺘﻌﻠﻢ اﻟﻜﺘﺮوﻧﻴﺔ‬
III L A ,] ,@K ,Uja :<- I 6]D! Uniform velocity =~7= @K ‹
Instantaneous speed :( rc$ ‹
L@3= @K
I6]= B3=;! 33A
Acceleration 3~oB3=;
@K ‹
‫ﻋﺮﺽﺗﻔﺎﻋﻠﻰﻋﻠﻰﻣﻮﻗﻊﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ‬
Uniform acceleration ] ‹
http://www.engaswan.com/t5695-topic
3=;! 33A 3=; 3 }@
I6]=
١٧
Distance and Displacement ‫ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻕ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ ﻭﺍﻹﺯﺍﺣﺔ‬-١

V* x &@o 17ME ` MA= K= . I 6# fK= @D
S?J
B IFAf A f@ T2 33 3=& fK= @HD! ,@ch
Ii
z Vf V=KD &@o ]D #@A fK= A ? ; 7!
A :VDg& @D! ,Uja o
Uja! fK= 3 }@ 3 D : <;v
@") M )M M #$ #$ .K7 S J ?J S?J 2 Iiz"
'KU , @v30 m A Uj* ]DJ ; Vf |@oD 8M @ 50 m A Uj* 1 ® |@oD
50 m
I1 ® 6M V Uja! fK=
:‫ﺍﻟﺤﻞ‬
)! M #$ S?J
s = 50 + 30= 80 m : MA= fK= :F*

)
)!
30 m
d = +50 - 30 = +20 m : MA= Uja :t
E
H }@" V* Uja! H( %@ V* Uja #@H 3U
50 m 40 m 30 m 20 m 10 m
20 m A Uj* 67 Vf N U 8K] ?E ]37 3HD!
1 &@U K : <;v
I%@ ]D Vf
Representing vector quantities :‫ ﺗﻤﺜﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻜﻤﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺠﻬﺔ‬-٢

. A z#f ,z0f x = HK7 123 <= x oD 8= z7 'I {*
<== ? -
I123 <== x = N] 3=; V=KD! ,<0 @ 40 m V xA
=Jp
A);5 9J$ 9C5
m
gp
40 m

B6]= T x oD FM : ¯ <;v
MA# EHD! ,N]= =3 x '7 6 I 6( =3AK MA N]= <3-=D 8D F K .-= .c
I A @3
86 N f! : @o !E A &: @o N]= L: 2@! ,67 MA# o# @3"D! H

١٨
‫ﺍﻟﻜﻤﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﻤﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺘﺠﻬﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻰ‬
:‫ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺜﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﺘﺠﻬﺎﺕ‬

:3o ,'7 8 u3A= 6( =3AK M 8@ B6]= <3-=D 8
I6]= 3=; A 6( = =3AK= MA . I <-=
I6]= 3=; ]D 6( = =3AK= MA ]D <-=
A A
A
–A B
-A ]=! A N]= (c) A = B N]= (b) A N]= (a)
IB6]= V#3H <3-= <;v
:‫ﺑﻌﺾ ﺃﺳﺎﺳﻴﺎﺕ ﺟﺒﺮ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺠﻬﺎﺕ‬

H MA# Oc ?*! ]DJ # =6 ?&! A= Vf !KD {* ?!K 36]= ?E @H# ١
I=67 <;
{ IN]D ; Vf ;! -A N]= : =3A +!KD : N=3 N] A N]= ٢
? -1 Vf N]= 7 @ {* o
:‫ﻣﺤﺼﻠﺔ )ﺟﻤﻊ( ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺠﻬﺎﺕ‬
?N&@oD V L A A ! ?8K] |@o ?E x D ]D +E Vf , 8K( V @-&E !E ?D @MD 7
F
F1 F2
3LM F1
Dc
F2
Dc "C,J
3D @3MD 0o= L A : ¨ <;v
|@o + ]DJ 6]D :o! ,+ A 0o= + L @3MD ]3# 8K( V @MD V L A V=KD
I8K] N3f
IN3 L@M= 3
$ + A NMoD + NK# @M$ 8K] Vf oD L3U! L V :0o= L A
١٩
:3A@M 8 36] x=( ?f L 0 !

I١٨ b <;v Vf =& -= 8@
@MA ? ;3f !] 3 B ! A N3f ? ; È +j 8@
,36]= 0o= -=
I١٨ c<;v Vf =&
A B
A B
C=A+B
A
B C=A+B
(c) (b) (a)
B6]= x=( : ª <;v
‫ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺣﻴﺎﺗﻴﺔ‬
Vf !K -M L |7 ?E O= {*! ,3D A +!KD b@ L

<& Vf F2 ! F1 3D A 0o ]D :U
?{=! ?L
<& Vf 8K] |@o < ,8K] # V @MD ]DJ Vf 6 L:r! 0o= L A A=
F1
F2 F1
F2
V y o ]D Vf +@c$! (Fx = 4 N V! x o ]D Vf =U* 3D 0o (!E
I8@ 3H =&Fy = 3 N
:‫ﺍﻟﺤﻞ‬
I3H =& F 0o= <-=3f @MA <0# 8M I?D 3D A ?$ <3MK V <0o7f `$ +j <=;#
: 6 : =3A :]* ;= F 0o= ?E ]# u -3f @~# F3HM
F = Fx + Fy = 16 + 9 = 25
2 2 2
y
∴F= Fx2 + Fy 2
= 25 = 5 N C
A
F
Fy 3 Fy Fy
tan θ =
θ
= O O
Fx 4 Fx B
x
Fx
∴ θ = 36.87°
3D 0o :]*

٢٠
:‫ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺠﻪ‬
Vf <HU M +@cE @]D I V <;" Vf ,B6]= x=] 3K; 3= N]= <3oD @H
:V ! x , y o V 3D 3D V* F L A <3oD ;=! ,VAf$ x θ!j x70 ]D
Fx = F cos θ Fy = F sin θ
y
Fy = F sin θ
F
θ
x
Fx = Fcos θ
L A <3oD : ¬ <;v
Product of vectors ‫ ﺿﺮﺏ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺠﻬﺎﺕ‬-٣

: $ KJ 5"u$ Dw
7
‫ ﺍﻟﻀﺮﺏ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺳﻰ‬:‫ﺃﻭﻻ‬
A
:+!K A , B 36] 3 V3A %@r <
U
θ A I B = A B cos θ
B
.!° : =3A %@ <
U +!KD 33 3=& 5D7 ? ;!
B ! A 36]= : <;v 36]= 3 !2 T=D '3( Vf B V#- : =3A Vf A
.dot 36]= 3 MA7 V=KD! Icos θ
‫ ﺍﻟﻀﺮﺏ ﺍﻻﺗﺠﺎﻫﻰ‬:‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺎ‬
:+!K A , B 36] 3 V]DJ %@r
C = A ∧ B = AB sin θ n
'3( Vf B V#- ]= : =3A Vf A .!$ N]= : =3A %@ <
U +!K +E
I n Vf sin θ =673 !2
A ! B 36]= <=" + + K= V : = ]D Vf B6] LU! n :3U
B ! A 36]= x=] + + K= V +: = n ]D Vf ? ; 5D7 C N]= ?E z{ V7!
<;v "J 3/c" V=KD LA C ]D :o! . Cross 36]= 3 ∧ V=KD!
,=673 @
$ !2 @H V#- N]= o# .!$ N]= V7=3 3 x
E z@o z{! ,٢١
٢١
I=6 V]DJ %@r <

U ]DJ @3"
T6 a ? ;3f
:? ; V]DJ %@r U Vf N#E U!
B , A 3 xAD ✺
A^B≠BÂ ✺
A ^ B =− B ^ A ✺
A B
θ
<
U ]D oD A@I : <;v
V7=3 3 L³ V]DJ %@r
A=5 B = 10 :V B ! A 36]= : =3A O#& {*

A ∧ B :3 #M
A . B :J!E ± =3 (!E
: <&
°60 +!KD =673 !2 ? =
cos 60 = 0.5 sin 60 = 0.866
:‫ﺍﻟﺤﻞ‬

:J!E
∴ A . B = AB cos θ
∴ A . B = 5 × 10 × 0.5 = 25
:3 #M
C = A ∧ B = AB sin θ n = (5 × 10 × 0.866) n
C = 43.3 n
A ‫ ﻭ‬B ?6]= <=" + + K= V +: = n ]DJ Vf 43.3 +!KD : =3A ] C 3U
:‫ﺯﻳﺎﺭﺓ ﻣﻴﺪﺍﻧﻴﺔ‬
6=( Vf L@H B 3 +U* j =! o0 @HD
L26($ 3# #A L@=! 7= 1@(a HK7 3 @ @0
B3= D =& ,<3;! u3A! ?j B!:E! BJh!
o0= `@ 3#3 L2 8 , 6=] B~fo f& Vf `@f 54 6 ( ! ,²3! @
! L23] ~fo= u3A! @3= w A 6= Lj z7;= =& Iz~fo Vf : ( =
I3! @3= 6A M @= V <=! 3A23 B3A 3 A @3= @ M T A

٢٢
‫ﻣﻠﺨﺺ اﻟﺒﺎب‬
‫ﹰ‬
‫ﺃﻭﻻ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻤﻔﺎﻫﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﺔ‪:‬‬
‫‪1 U B@ : f@= ` 7 # +@cE 3=; 3923f 3=& A #A V :O "J/‬‬
‫;=‪I3#- V V!$ 3‬‬
‫‪IA= =3A! 3A3Ao =3A 3 }@ :"MJ >Mu‬‬
‫‪IA= 3923 3=; 3A3Ao =3A! FM= M 3 HK7 :!? >Mu‬‬
‫(‪IL@o (:! 2! fK= <- FAf A= @D 3=& V :- J‬‬
‫(‪IL A! ]! @K! Uja <- 6]D! A= @D 3=& V : KJ J‬‬
‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺎ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﹰ‬
‫ ‪I36]= 3 !2 θ 3U A I B = A B cos θ :-‬‬
‫‪+ K= V +: = ]D Vf B6] LU! n 3U , A‬‬ ‫‪∧ B = AB sin θ n‬‬ ‫ ‪:2K7F‬‬
‫‪B ! A x=] +‬‬
‫ﺧﺮﻳﻄﺔ اﻟﺒﺎب‬
‫=‪« 23‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬

‫وﺣﺪات اﻟﻘﻴﺎس‬ ‫®‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻴﺎس اﻟﻔﻴﺰﻳﺎﺋﻰ‬ ‫أدوات اﻟﻘﻴﺎس‬
‫ ‪T‬‬
‫‪<-‬‬ ‫‪<-‬‬
‫;‪T@( 3‬‬ ‫‪: ?23‬‬
‫=‪u3A 3‬‬ ‫;=‪3923 3‬‬

‫‪u3A Mc‬‬ ‫‪6 #E‬‬
‫‪VHK7‬‬ ‫‪FM‬‬ ‫‪µH S‬‬ ‫‪µH‬‬ ‫]‪6‬‬ ‫‪33‬‬ ‫"‪A‬‬ ‫‪3E‬‬

‫´‪B6] %‬‬
‫´‪Vq %‬‬ ‫´‪V3 %‬‬
‫‪٢٣‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤﺮﻛﺔ ﺍﻟﺨﻄﻴﺔ‬
‫‪Linear Motion‬‬
‫ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﻬﻢ ﻓﻰ ﺣﻴﺎﺗﻨﺎ ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﻭﻧﺤﻦ ﻧﺘﺎﺑﻊ ﺍﻷﺟﺴﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺤﺮﻛﺔ ﺑﺪﺀﺍ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺟﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻄﺎﺋﺮﺍﺕ ‪...‬‬
‫ﺃﻥ ﻧﻔﻬﻢ ﻛﻴﻒ ﺗﺘﺤﺮﻙ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﺬﻯ ﻳﺴﻴﻄﺮ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ؟ ﻭﻛﻴﻒ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﺓ ﻣﻦ ﻛﻞ ﺫﻟﻚ؟‬
‫ﻟﻬﺬﺍ ﺳﻴﺮﻛﺰ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺣﺮﻛﺔ ﺍﻷﺟﺴﺎﻡ ﻭﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﻨﺪﺭﺱ ﺍﻟﻤﻔﺎﻫﻴﻢ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺗﺒﻄﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺤﺮﻛﺔ ﻓﻰ ﺧﻂ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﻭﻣﻌﺎﺩﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﻛﺔ ﺑﻌﺠﻠﺔ ﻣﻨﺘﻈﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻘﻮﻁ ﺍﻟﺤﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﺣﺮﻛﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺬﻭﻓﺎﺕ‪،‬‬
‫ﻛﻤﺎ ﻧﺴﺘﻌﺮﺽ ﻗﻮﺍﻧﻴﻦ ﻧﻴﻮﺗﻦ ﻟﻠﺤﺮﻛﺔ ﻭﺑﻌﺾ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻘﺎﺗﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪JJ
HK‬‬ ‫‪JJ (5 D $ 6" "J/‬‬
‫‪"& Vf D 3#! 33( <& : 6( @AD‬‬ ‫‪IV= @3K‬‬

‫ ‪I&@o 3#‬‬ ‫‪IZ7J‬‬
‫ ‪IL@3H& B@K B3K &@U L M V‬‬ ‫=‪I#A‬‬
‫‪<A7 <9! MD Vf NDA3HMD! 8 !: @AD‬‬ ‫‪I/370‬‬
‫= !‪I6&@U :‬‬ ‫‪IF3HM‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‬
‫اﻟﺤﺮﻛﺔ ﻓﻰ ﺧﻂ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ‬
Motion in a Straight Line
,|@o 6r ! O M 6r ?E ]7Kf ,7 U TK($ 7D {*

/0#! 86# ?E = TK($ &@U x # o#! !@r ! ::‫اﻟﻤﺘﻮﻗﻌﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺘﻌﻠﻢاﻟﻤﺘﻮﻗﻌﺔ‬
‫ﻧﻮاﺗﺞاﻟﺘﻌﻠﻢ‬
‫ﻧﻮاﺗﺞ‬
. o 63oD! &@o /

}@I %3 U Vf ,&@o zD ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﻗﺎدراﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺗﻜﻮنﻗﺎد ًرا‬
‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞﺗﻜﻮن‬
‫ﻫﺬااﻟﻔﺼﻞ‬
‫ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺔﻫﺬا‬
‫ﻓﻲﻧﻬﺎﻳﺔ‬
‫ﻓﻰ‬
:‫أن‬
:‫أن‬
7j$f V f V* B@9M! ,BMA! ,K M @K
Fc
Fc wf Vf &@o
&@o T 6=
T 6= @D
@D xrD
xrD ‹
<A7 <9! .
!! }M# 3 .!( :oD V V B@K! I83AK
I83AK
V @ <0 Vf .!o# FH V 17 ! ,6fc V I&@o
I&@o ` #E\@"D
` #E \@"D ‹
I6
j 3923 B3=;! &@o T 6 D
Dw V3#3H
3#3H.;v$
.;v$@K!
@KD!8@D8@D ‹
@K
@K –– 2!
2! Uja
Uja 3 3

I2!
I2!
?AD!
?AD! = B@K ` #E 3 }@D
= B@K ` #E 3 }@D ‹
I673
I673
3#3H .;v$ <o! @K!
3#3H .;v$ <oD! @KD! w0AKD ‹ w0AK
I3M
I3M&@o
&@o A=!
A=!=
=
::‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ‬
‫ﻣﺼﻄﻠﺤﺎتاﻟﻔﺼﻞ‬
‫ﻣﺼﻄﻠﺤﺎت‬
?= <A7 <9! V &@o : @3MD : <;v
Motion
Motion &@o
&@o ‹
Displacement
Speed :Uja
@K ‹
Motion ‫ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﻛﺔ‬-١
Distance
Velocity 6]=fK=
@K ‹
.c f x :o 3k 9=73 M @v V <;" Speed velocity
Uniform : @K
=~7= @K ‹
?& TE |@o < ,!K 37j B@f Velocity
Instantaneous velocity 6]=
3~o@K
@K ‹
Uniform velocity
Acceleration =~7= @K
] ‹
Instantaneous speed L@3= @K ‹
:‫اﻟﺘﻌﻠﻢ اﻟﻜﺘﺮوﻧﻴﺔ‬
Acceleration ‫ﻣﺼﺎدر‬
3~o @K ‹

Uniformacceleration
@K %KU :J"7] 6"S ‹
2 !@= x @3 : <;v I2− Uja 3
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SkWFD_F5jd4

٢٦
‫ﺍﳊﺮﻛﺔ ﻓﻰ ﺧﻂ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‬
!@= 8K] x Vf :o @3 V &@o

x @3 7f ,@ch 8K( x = HK7 2
{*! ,|@oD 8K] ? ; 2 L@f .c 8K(
=3AK
K
cD +E ,U! ]D Vf &@o O#&
V! 83AK Fc Vf &@o 97 &@o O3=
I&@o ` #E FK E <-=D
@3-& Vf 83AK Fc Vf &@o J- D MA &@U : <;v

I BfK= 6]D o ;K ?Hr @3D J FI7=
‫ﺃﺿﻒ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺗﻚ‬
0 K UA 8K( &@U <3-=D ;= :&@o FM

x3=]D ;=! ,!K 37j B@f Vf N =
FM" « V=KD LU! L
Vf 0
I"&@o
:‫ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﻛﺔ‬
@)D N, , F N, :J2 ,#?4D #/ N, oC7 #(J)
! &@o : ¯ <;v 3A#J &@o : <;v
‫ﺗﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻢ‬ 6# MA#! MA# : ( 23=D &@U V :3A#J &@o
:)DR W?
Q NI ow
<9! &@U! Bf!A= &@U! 83AK Fc Vf &@o :<-
IK .!7 &@U IB
=
IBf!A= &@U
,!K 37j B@f V 6K# @;D &@U V :! &@o
IBMA &@U
I j2J &@o! L@9: Vf &@o :<-
I##@ & " `@f &@U
٢٧
‫ﺍﳊﺮﻛﺔ ﺍﳋﻄﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻰ‬
Velocity ‫ ﺍﻟﺴﺮﻋﺔ‬-٢
? ;D J
!$ ?E J* ,x@ N# @cg 6r ! 1wM N# 6r /07f 7 U TK($ |@oD
I"@K" T 6 .c ,3=& L 0 @AD J 8K( &@U /
f ,3= 3U7 A3:
ILU 3#- Vf V@ 6MA V Uja %Ko V &@o FM u: "@K" V7 V @
TWU Iiz
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
V &@U FM : <;v
: =K S #$; Iiz #M cf wD #(J) FMuJ 12 -DR #$
6 5 4 3 2 1 0 s 2
30 25 20 15 10 5 0 m Uja
A= @! ,3#M <& 5 m A Uj* xMA " ?E V* <
# ?E ;= .!] !
: 'KoD V! , v @K
Δd Uja Vf @3
v= , = @K
Δt @3 j
:V o7 V @K 'KoD F K .-= V F3HM !
Δd d2 - d1 10 - 5 5
v= = = = = 5 m/s
Δt t2 - t1 2-1 1
O 7 ,Iiz S x" |$; =J 2 * ,3I P S 6?K M ) Iiz 2 :@K
@Tkm/hU /-}$"N * Tm/sU t}$ 3IM /?
:‫ﺑﻴﺎﻧﻴﺎ‬
ًّ ‫ﺗﻤﺜﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻹﺯﺍﺣﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺰﻣﻦ‬
:V o7 V VAf$ o= V 2! VE@ o= V Uja 3 <3-=D ;=
I2 o V 1s MA7 @= 3k E Mk c 8
TmU Iiz
30
25 o V 5 m MA7 @= 3k AfE Mk c 8
20 IUja
15 Δd
IVAf$ F x VE@ F xIAD MA# : ¶U
10
Δt Δd
5 <3= = IUja! 2 UA# V x A K B M @&
Δt
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 #$; IxIA UA7 @= 83AK Fc <rfE 8
TsU
slope 83AK= F <3 %Ko @K :U
٢٨
:‫ﻣﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻢ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ‬

:‫ﺗﻤﺜﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻹﺯﺍﺣﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺰﻣﻦ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺳﺐ ﺍﻵﻟﻰ‬
B#3 8M ,.!$ : = Vf 2 B#3 <c:E Z:* @E @c 8M excel <K&a 5#@ f
IB#3H <3~ 8 8M V#- : = Vf Uja IFM
'KU N7! ,V#3H 8@ w967 <;" z @6~ <~= V#3H 8@ ` # :U 8M Z:* @E @c
I<3= %Ko @K I@=U$ ?
,+@cE L@ 6D: VU 627 Lf &@U V#3H <;" @H
:3 m$ '(E 8M <;" u:
35
30 ?L O D V
TmU Iiz
25
15 ?L 6 O&@oD @ @H&E
10
?H 6D: @ ? ;D {=
5
0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
?L =6MAD V fK=! Uja 3 }@
TsU #$;
:‫ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺍﻟﺴﺮﻋﺔ‬
: Speed & Velocity ‫) ﺃ ( ﺍﻟﺴﺮﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﺮﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺠﻬﺔ‬
|@o F9K TE : : (! UD ?E z7;= L3K '&@D 7
L3K @ A : : ¶o! ,K!
80 - 73= @v
A= V=K! I6&@U ]D oD Vf 1wv #3 J! km/h
@ L3K : 3A < : ¨ <;v ISpeed : @K
?{=! ?6] TE :
٢٩

! ,80 km/h @K @3KD L3 ?* . A# 7!
IL3K @3KD ]D +E Vf 8# 8 {* ,0#

! L3K @ /
! 8 VU!
L &= L3K ?* . A# ?& ,6&@U ]D :o# ?E 73 ,&
IVelocity 6]= @K o Vf @K V=KD! ,}@" o# 80 km/h @K @3KD
KJ /? )R /? D J +

I2 LU! Vf 8K] 6MA V Uja V LU! Vf 8K] 6MA V fK= V o)
I2
I]DJ! A= :oD :6] IFAf A= :oD :33 J( ~
3 ]D Vf 8K] |@oD {* H( ? ;D IH( ? ;D =9: 3Dpz
I]DJ ; Vf |@oD {* H!
BJ:! <9K! e 0# V =3f N 83 + "@K" M0 ?E V* Lva ]D!
&@U /0D V V 6]= @K ?$ z{! : @K 3! ,6]= @K N 0A &@U
I D
! 8K]
Uniform Velocity and Variable Velocity ‫)ﺏ( ﺍﻟﺴﺮﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺘﻈﻤﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﺮﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺮﺓ‬
{* E ,!K= 7j$ Vf !K ? ;D x = 3 Uja ?f =~7 @K 1 |@o 7
I!K= 7j$ Vf !K @3 ? ;D x = 3 Uja ?f =~7 @3 @K |@oD
&@o 8K] ? ;! ,!K 7jE Vf !K BUj* 8K] 63f xMA V @K V :=~7= @K
IO M ]D 83AK Fc Vf! O M A=
L@3 @K ? ;D! ,!K 7jE Vf !K @3 BUj* 8K] 63f xMA V @K V :L@3= @K
I]DJ !E A= Vf
TmU Iiz
TmU Iiz
TsU #$; TSU #$;

L@3 @K &@o : ¬ <;v =~7 @K &@o : ª <;v

٣٠
Instantaneous Velocity & Average Velocity ‫)ﺟـ( ﺍﻟﺴﺮﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﻠﺤﻈﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﺮﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻮﺳﻄﺔ‬
,F@M . UE 'Ko @3D 67;! , M OK3 6@ ?E U# 7#f F@I V L3 &@U 7D {*
6@ 3 23=# ?E J L3K &@U 86! ,=3A M VAHD J! , @ch 73U 7D! , 73U 2D w6f
IM = 6@! 3~o
MA# Uja V :v M = @K 7 8K] @ V :v 3~o @K
,V; 2 V KA 67 MA# V* H 6=3 V .JJ ;=! ,73 ~o
:]* F@I M = @K 33D ;=! , ~o Vf L3K @ : @v L1@
MA#! &@o MA# 3 <
F <3 8 8 ~o 7 L3K @ 33!
I66# ~o < AD V MA7 7 V7o7= u=
I3~o L3K @ u== <3 ? ;!
d Δd
<3= = <3= =
t mUja Δt
mUja
d Δd
t Δt
s 2 s 2
d 3; Uja Δd Uja Vf @3

= v M = @K = v 3~o @K
t V; 2 Δt @3 j
:‫ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺐ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻮﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺨﻄﺄ‬

V! Average velocity M = @K M0 3 F 3v @-&$ M B 0
:?E 3U ,33 3=& V! average speed M = : @K M0! ,6] 3=&
3; fK= 3; Uja
V; 2 = M = : @K V; 2 = M = @K
:‫ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ‬
?J TE 3! V < zfE oD! {=! FAoD ?E @D { :U! ,N T AD <= <; f x
.c 2]7D ?E z3 V M"#$ f@ z 3 + V H$ !E V 3 e z!( 8=
I= BH( ! M"#$ z3 3 63f <]KD L@3

L@; <=U ! ,:o O!
٣١
8K] 6 |@o V @K 33D

j Vf 8.4 kmxMAf 83AK Fc Vf L3 v :

F # Vf V"! 6&@f L3K : ! N7 # 8M , 0.12 h
0.5 h j Vf 2 kmxM! : ! Mo %@$ 83AK=
I66# VU &@o M = N@ 'KU
d (km)
:‫ﺍﻟﺤﻞ‬
d 3; Uja
t V; 2 = M = @K
12
10 -
8
d 8.4 + 2 10.4
6 ,v = = = = 16.8 km/h
t 0.12 + 0.5 0.62
3Rc
4 d = 10.4 km
2 V#3H F <3 :] ]37 # V* <
;= =&
t = 0.62 h t(h)
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 I8@ r =& 66# MA#! &@o MA# 3 <

j Vf +@cE L@ : F K .-= Vf " ?E 7@f {*
V* ND: VU 6 7 &@o M = @K 'KU 0.6 h
: Mo
2 km -2 km
I+@cE L@ L3K
0.5 h 0.6 h
L3K <MD ?;
H0D NUj* ?f +@cE L@ L3K V* " : 7 :‫ﺍﻟﺤﻞ‬
I8@ =& 8.4 km
8.4 km
0.12 h d 8.4 8.4
v= = = = 6.88 km/h
t 0.12 + 0.5 + 0.6 1.22
N, )M
Acceleration ‫ ﺍﻟﻌﺠﻠﺔ‬-٣
63f o V &@o V=KD! , 37MJ !E ]DJ !E A= L@3= @K T 6 FH =3f 7"#
HK7 @K Vf @3 @HD V 3923 3=; V=KD! ,]= &@o 2 !@= @K Vf @3D
Ia ] 2 V*
/? c7 N, ) S /? .K7 x) ,J S /? );7 N, )M S
2 .c @K @3D 33& /
] M0 TK <;v

٣٢
FM7D L3K @K : L1@ + V &@o FM u: ] T 6 V @!
I83AK F@I V @3 17ME Vf 6@ ::2 ? ;K
R 3Ac
TsU #$;
0 1 2 3 4
‫ﺗﻌﻠﻢ؟‬
‫ﻠﻢ؟‬
‫ﻫﻞ ﺗﺗﻌﻠﻢ‬
‫ﻞ‬
: m/s LU! V* km/h LU! L3K : L1@ < oD ;=
1 km 1000 m
∴ 1 km/h = = = 5 m/s
h 60 * 60 s 18
:V .!] Vf s LU 2! m/s LU @K 3

;= FM= : .c !
4 3 2 1 0 TsU #$;
20 15 10 5 0 Tm/sU/?
,5 m/s A= 3#M <& ::2D 3U ,O M .= ::2D L3K @ ?E V* <
;= .!] !
: 'KoD V! ,] A= @H!
Δv v − v 39 J @K − 3967 @K @K Vf @3
a= = = = ]
2 1
Δt t2 − t1 V9 J 2 − V967 2 @3 j

:V o7 V ] 'KoD F K .-= V F3HM !
Δv 10 - 5
a= = = 5 m/s2
Δt 2-1
O 7 , /? S x" |$; =J 2 B* ,#$; 3I =fL 6?K /- S x 2 :"K
@Tkm/h2U [/-}$"N * Tm/s2U [t}$ 3IM "K
:‫ﺑﻴﺎﻧﻴﺎ‬
ًّ ‫ﺗﻤﺜﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﺮﻋﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺰﻣﻦ‬
&@U 2 – @K V#3H 8@ @H
25
?E z7;=! ,F K &@o FM Vf L3K
Δv 10
= = =
20 <3= 5 m/s2
! ,83AK Fc LH V#3H 8@ ?E UD
m/s @K
Δt 2
15
10 ;=! ,8~7 .= 2D L3K @ ?E V7
5
I83AK= F <3 %Ko ] :]*
0
1 2 3 4 5
s 2
٣٣
:‫ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺍﻟﻌﺠﻠﺔ‬
@K ? ;D H( ] 8K] |@o Af '( = ]DJ 8K] @ ]D ?E #@H {*
u: ] ` #E V @! @
+!KD ] !E 307D @K ? ;D H ] !E 2D

I<3= @3 E M V L@3
L@& &@U + V &@o FM

] ]D
]
&@ ]D D

o
] o ]
D &@
&@o ]D
6@ <AD <9= + K= L@; 0D 7 VAfE + K V L@; |@oD 7 6@ ::2D <9= + K= L@; FH6D 7
IH ] |@oD V ! ,2 !@= V ! ,@3D J 6@ ?f E IH( ] ? ;D V ! ,2 !@=
I@
+!KD ] ? ;D
Tm/sU /? Tm/sU /? Tm/sU /?
s 2 s 2 s 2
H ] @

] H( ]
‫ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺣﻴﺎﺗﻴﺔ‬
27H !: :V 6]D! @K A Vf 8;o 6M ;= B!:E M L3 <& <c: ( ✦
I&@o ]D @33 L:3A ] ,@K <3A <@ !:! ,@K L:2

٣٤
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻰ‬
‫اﻟﺤﺮﻛﺔ ﺑﻌﺠﻠﺔ ﻣﻨﺘﻈﻤﺔ‬

Motion with Uniform Acceleration
.c @K Vf @3 V ] ?E F K <0 Vf O:

IL@3 ? ;D ! M =~7 ] ? ;D ! ,2 LU! : ‫ﻧﻮاﺗﺞ اﻟﺘﻌﻠﻢ اﻟﻤﺘﻮﻗﻌﺔ‬
v (m/s) v (m/s) ‫ﻓﻰ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺔ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺗﻜﻮن ﻗﺎد ًرا‬
:‫ﻋﻠﻰ أن‬
I=~7 ] &@o BJ: 57KD
I@o U AK TK($ &@U @D
@3 <3= O M <3= &@U <- Vf &@o 57KD
IBf!A=
t (s) t (s)
L@3 ] &@o : <;v =~7 ] &@o : <;v 3 {] ] 33 @]D 8=0D
I3$
@3-; ?$ ,
c 3=E B{ =~7 ] 8K( &@U @HD!
%@A TK($ U AK& ;=~7 ] 8D 3HM Vf B&@o
IBf!A= &@U z&! ,b$ M
=~7= ]
Uniform acceleration
&@o BJ:
Equation of motion
Free fall @U U A
Projectile motion &@U
Vf 2A 7 V@ &@U : <;v FK= 1= &@U : <;v
=~7 ] ? ;D 1 6 =~7 ] ? ;D ." = : ‫ﻣﺼﺎدر اﻟﺘﻌﻠﻢ اﻟﻜﺘﺮوﻧﻴﺔ‬
,a =~7 ] 83AK Fc Vf |@o =K(

?E 7@f {*! Z@ 3=K( U A :"/57 /
j .c d Uj* xMA3 vi 39 @K &@o E 3U I23
https://sites.google.com/site/physicsflash/home/
&@U /
! ;= N#f ,vf 3967 N@ OoH
E! t
air-drag
:V o7 V z{! &@o BJ: V=KD BJ:= 8K]
٣٥
velocity - time) equation) (‫ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ )ﺍﻟﺴﺮﻋﺔ – ﺍﻟﺰﻣﻦ‬-١

: 'KoD a ] ?E 7= ?E FH
vf − vi
a=
t
:t Vf := Vf@I %@r vf - vi @K Vf @3 :]* ;= V !
vf - vi = at
:?E +E
vf = vi + at 1
Iat@K Vf @3 + vi 39 J @K = 3967 @K :?E w7D V! ,&@o V!$ := V !
Vf L3 `@E! 8 Vf @ ? 3U `@E 6 |@o V ] =3 3 ? V!$ &@o : T
I8
@3D ?E ?!@3f wD( L3 x3MKD : <;v N@ @3 ?E 6 x3MK : ¯ <;v
2.4s.c (100 km/h) V* @
6@ (3s) .c (110 km/h) V* @

Displacement - time) equation) (‫ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ )ﺍﻹﺯﺍﺣﺔ – ﺍﻟﺰﻣﻦ‬-٢

: T 8K] 6 |@o V v M = @K %KU ;=
d
v =
t
: M = @K %KU ;= N#f =~7 ] |@o 8K] ?$ @~#!

vf + vi
v =
2
:? ; 3A K 3:=
d vf + vi
=
t 2
:&@o V!$ := vf
d (vi + at) + vi 2vi + at 1
∴ = = = vi + at
t 2 2 2
:&@o 3#- := V <0o# t Vf 3f@M %@r !
1
∴ d = vi t + at2 2
2

٣٦
‫ﺍﳊﺮﻛﺔ ﺑﻌﺠﻠﺔ ﻣﻨﺘﻈﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻧﺘﺒﻪ‬
fK= +!K Uja A ?f L3K U Vf =& O M ]D Vf! 83AK Fc Vf 8K] |@o 7 ❃
Is MA= fK= 6K# V d H ;= o Vf! , MA=
3U VE V* !A= 8K] U Vf =& ,@3 ]D Vf! 83AK Fc Vf 8K] |@o 7 ❃
Is MA= fK= +!K J Uja A ?f , U H6 ]D ; : 0 ]D ? ;
:3k #3 &@o 3#- := Z7

v (m/s)
V#3H 8@ Vf 6#f 2 × @K +!KD Uja O#& {*
v
UK= @HD 7 V! ,b@ × . M k : !K 3H=
− @K V7o7 OoD UK= = Uja ?E +E ,V7o7= OoD
I2
t (s) %KU! 3#- &@o : Z7 ;= z{ V 17
v (m/s)
@K V7o7 OoD UK= %Ko MA= Uja
vf <3MK V* V7o7= OoD UK= 83KA z{! 2 –
I-!
vi
vit = <3MK= UK
0 1
V7o7= <E UK= +!KD Uja : ¨ <;v t (s) v − vi t = -= UK
2 f
,(at) +!K vf − vi @K Vf @3 ?E V* 7
D ?E FH!
1
at2 = -= UK H0D V !
2
Id MA= Uja V <0o# -= UK x <3MK= UK x=] !
1 2
d = vit + at
2
‫ﺃﻓﻜﺎﺭ ﻟﺘﻨﺸﻴﻂ ﺍﻹﺑﺪﺍﻉ‬
!E @o7 NHv m3 V V7o7= OoD UK= H 3k #3 3#- &@o : Z7J +@cE @I @;
I IIII 3-- V* UK= 83KAD
Displacement - Velocity) equation) (‫ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ )ﺍﻹﺯﺍﺣﺔ – ﺍﻟﺴﺮﻋﺔ‬-٣

f@= 63f Zo# J +@cE &@U : Z7 VH7 ,T @3 2 ? ; BJo Vf
:V o7 V z{! ,2
d= v t : d Uja %KU ;=
:33 3:= t =3! v =3 !
٣٧
vf + vi vf − vi
v = t=
2 a
:V o7 V Uja 'KoD z{ V 17 !
vf + vi vf − vi vf 2 − vi2
d= vt= × =
2 a 2a
:&@o -- := V . 0o ;= A K !
∴ 2ad = vf2 − vi2 3
/ +E Vf &@o /
3f& V! ,=~7= ] B{ &@o V FHM7D BJ: M ?g 7
VH7 ;2 =3f 6] BJ:= Vf B3=; x3=( ?$ @~#! ,=~7 N3f ] ? ;D
,'( = ]DJ oD
@K! Uja & ?f 673U! ,H( 3=3 V* ]DJ H ;= -=f
BJo V .!] ! IK3 O#& {* H! 3=3 O#& {* H( ? ;D ]!
:&@o BJ:=

JX$ /?M , N, ) S oc '(? #$ N, )M $ xC
a=0 vf = 0 vi = 0
vf = v i vi = - at vf = at vf = vi + at
d = vi t 1 2 1 2 1 2
d=- at d= at d = vi t + at
2 2 2
0 = vf2 − vi2 2 ad = -vi2 2 ad = vf2 2 ad = vf2 - vi2
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻐﻠﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺻﻌﻮﺑﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻢ‬
%7/?J ;
$ 9R % ,a)D R$ 3Dw X5" >?J J
7 S f(V$ +
7 c
:%& S
IH( @K O#& {* H( ] ?E V7D N@ B::j ❃
IH( @K O#& {* H ] ?E V7D N@ O07D ❃
? t 2 =3 V7D ?V ❃
? d Uja =3 V7D ?E ❃
I3 U"# 1:E Vf N@K + O @AD
xrD ?E .!U
BH( T! 63=E 'KU 6HD! 363f@! 3=(J M"#$! 3 BH( 3 ?j!
I3=E <$ V (! =6=

٣٨
6I H 7 =D / L@9I N@KD + 2 'KU
b$ 6K 7 6@ ?E O= { ,M= Z V
(0.5 m/s2) .= T~# 6m3MHD 8D! (162 km/h) @==
:‫ﺍﻟﺤﻞ‬
5
vi = 162 * = 45 m/s vf = 0
18
a = − 0.5 m/s vf = vi + a t
0 = 45 + (- 0.5) t - 45 = (-0.5) t
t = 90 s
Vf &@ I +E L]f! , 30 m/sA =~7 @K L3 ev$ UE : A
H ]J @ 67 ]J j ?& {f I`"
<@ V Fr3 Tj
+x ] L3K BIHf , 0.5 s
0
H
v
67 VU 9 m/s2 A =~7
a V 3; Uja ,O D
?/AD ?E <H L3K 6M
:‫ﺍﻟﺤﻞ‬
:=~7 @K ]J L@f 17M Uja %KU
d ]J = v ]J t ]J = (30) * (0.5) = 15m
:307D @K VU @ 3= 17ME Uja %KU
2 ad @f = -vi2 @ 38 o
.!]
vf ] = vi @ :?E 3U!
2
2 ad @f = -vf ]
- v f2 - (30)2
∴ d @ = = = 50m
2a 2 * -9
d 3; = d ]J + d @ = 15 + 50 = 65 m 3; Uja %KU
I/ D V; L3K 6MAD V 3; fK= 6K# V 3; Uja A :?E UJ
٣٩
‫ﻣﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺣﻤﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺲ‬
fK |@D <- !@= B:va `HD J \!$ V

@U! L92 @K @I '7] ✦
L]f zE V L3K O D {* ? / z7;= VU zE V L3K 3 ! z73 H7
=& ,O2 LM= !E H= }@M V z&! ,zD3 @ B:j =& fK= L:j V@!
I@H&E BfK V* =r BH&@= ZoD

&J oc7 S?$
48 km/h 9m 14 m L3K . I B@ 6 = 23 m
64 km/h 12 m 24 m L3K . I B@ 9 = 36 m
80 km/h 15 m 38 m L3K . I B@ 13 = 53 m
91 km/h 18 m 55 m L3K . I B@ 18 = 73 m
< : j fK ]J fK
<@ 17ME &@o fK
:‫ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﻛﺔ ﺑﻌﺠﻠﺔ ﻣﻨﺘﻈﻤﺔ‬

:Free fall ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻘﻮﻁ ﺍﻟﺤﺮ‬
<0 =6f 6K# ~o Vf! `DJ # !! & 7MAE {*
I%; + MK A
x! 7! ?J!E b$ M V*
?~o # Vf =6
|@3KD ?o {
@MD! 1 6 Bm2] TM0 3U 1 6 !A= @M N#f 8K( U A 7
@H&E <;" 3 TK($ U H @ Vf 3mr B:0
MK A
x! 7 N#E UJ 3A- TK($ U H Vf @3MD
I1 6 !A= @MD J OoH
E 6#f %; +
TK($ U A V! FK $ o c# MK TK($ | 86!
?D@& <0D < ª <;v &@o V=KD! ,1 6 !A @3MD .= z{! ,FAf 6#j! @3MD OoD
·@ F! Vf ; Vf ?
V FAKD TK($ x3=( ?f 1 6 !A .=* 7! ,@o U AK
V* ~o # Vf 1 6
?b$ M
I] 7 b$ M
M V* <0D 63=( ?f 13v$ <& Oc =6 N#E 33( OHME
T 3U 1 6 !A .=* U Vf z{! ,U! O! Vf b$
O#&! ,3M 23 Z@ } f ; Vf 3 3=K( UA
<; B{ TK($ ?E V 7D V ME L@;f 8MoD Vf H H @]
U AK 33( @]D : ¬ <;v IL@30 <; B{ TK($ <E j Vf b$ M V* <0D L@3H;
@o

٤٠
:(g) ‫ﻋﺠﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻘﻮﻁ ﺍﻟﺤﺮ‬
k I A 6I A 17ME TK($ 6 |@oD V =~7= ] V

@U
@ ?E z{ V7! 9.8 m/s2 +!KD ] ! ,b$ M o#
k I A FAK + 8K]
I3#M <& Vf 9.8 m/s A= ::2D @U
V* ?; 3I f c g @o U AK ] =3 /D!
] " FAK < <;v ] H ;=! Ib$ 2&@ H 'KU b$ V @ch
Iz (* @Kf ?9.8 m/s2 IF3KH z{! 10 m/s2 +!KD @o U AK
:+"7 "-Q #/ H
* 6t =K IF
m/s @K m Uja s 2
0 0 0
5 1.25 0.5
10 5 1
15 11.25 1.5
20 20 2
I2 – @K 3#3H ! 2 – Uja 3#3H 8 F K .!] T ١
I3 s !@ @K! Uja :]* Vf &@o BJ:! V#3H 8@ T ٢
?2 !@= 8K] x 3 H L:j N3 . + ٣
`D V L@AK FoD @ & 3 L@9I }!7

FA
}!70 TMD @ 'KU I@oH M 73 A } f 78.4 m
3$ 3 {] ] O#& {* ,1 6 !A .=* x 1=
II1= }!70 .
! j 'KU 8M ,9.8 m/s2
:‫ﺍﻟﺤﻞ‬
vi = 0 , g = 9.8 m/s2 , d =78.4 m

2 g d = vf2 – vi2 2 * 9.8 * 78.4 = vf2
vf = 39.2 m/s
v -v v 39.2
t= f i = f = t=4s
d d 9.8
٤١
UE Vf /A v TE @=f .27 M FAK @]U

4 s b$ M 5 m `D V .27= Bf@v
:(!E U AK ~o
I" TE @ 7 @]o @ ‫ﺏ‬ I.27= `D ‫ﺃ‬
:‫ﺍﻟﺤﻞ‬
1
d =vi t +g t2
2
1
d=0+ ×10 ×16 = 80 m
2
h = 80 + 5 = 85 m :.27= `D ‫ﺃ‬
: 3D " TE @ 7 @]o @ ‫ﺏ‬

vf = vi + g t
vf = 0 +10 ×4 = 40 m/s
6M
~o U @ =3 'KU Ib$ O=MD LU! 3#M ! L@]v UD OMA
1 7 b$ U (!E 8M ,U AK .c U M = @K 'KU Ib$
IU AK
:‫ﺍﻟﺤﻞ‬
vi = 0 g = 10 m/s2 t = 1 s :B3M=
vf = vi + gt = gt :b$ TM
J ~o @K %KU
vf = 10 × 1 = 10 m/s
vf + vi
v = :M = @K %KU
2
10 + 0
v = = 5 m/s
2
1 2 1
d =vit + gt = gt 2 :b$ U %KU
2 2
1
`d=( ) (10) (1)2 = 5 m
2

٤٢
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﻐﺮ‬
:‫ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻋﺠﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﺎﺫﺑﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﺭﺿﻴﺔ‬
g ] %Ko d , t <& 33D V @] <= L@;f =D
I3#- &@o : T
H7
O # Vf FHM M x 1= L@M TM0D VU H70 Vf 8;oD

1
3AfE Lr7 I H70 f U AK Vf 3 L@MA N3f EHD +
d L@ =KA ! ,3 L@M 50 U AK Tj 2 A* M
It LU! L@M U A j ? ; B@MA : V 3; 372
2d
V# FHI g= ] =3 3
t2
B = 3! ;H" V %; x .c z9j x <
D
I63* 8
D V @o U AK ] 33D 59# #A= O#@#a
k I A FAKD 1 B@M T 3$ 3 {] ] 33 @]D Vf
B@M 0 3 fK= O#& @U
I3$ 3 {] ] 'KU 45 s 3 L@M 100 TMD !E U A j ?&! I1m 1#a M! 1=
:‫ﺍﻟﺤﻞ‬
d =1m , vi = 0 , t=? ,a=? :B3M=

45 V; 2
0.45 s = = = t LU L@MA U A j
100 B@MA :
:3#- &@o : Vf
1 2
d= gt
2
2d 2×1
g= = = 9.88 m/s2
t2 0.45 × 0.45
Projectiles ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺬﻭﻓﺎﺕ‬
:‫) ﺃ ( ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺬﻭﻓﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺮﺃﺳﻴﺔ‬
I@0 +!KD J vi 39 @K 3 : N#f V$ 3k E 8K] 7
?E V HK Lva .D! -10 m/s2 +!KD V 3$ 3 {] ] @3MD OoD 8K] H0
IVE V* 8K] xD =& 7D @K
I`D V0E 7 @
N@ H0f 8K] xD =& @K <AD

٤٣
V <=D V! ,3$ 3 {] ] @3MD OoD b$ M V* 8K] : 3 @K ]D @3
I]DJ ; Vf ;! ,+@cE L@ @K 2D
Lva .D! ,.!27 17ME MA7 # 7 8K] @ − = : 0 17ME MA# +E 7 8K] @
I]DJ ; Vf 3@K ?E V HK
IU H6 j = : 0 j
:T20 m/sU 4M /?M q -*D 1 ) 6?K /? Iiz #$; #$ 9N 6c #/ =K !)
4 3.5 3 2.5 2 1.5 1 0.5 0 s 2
0 8.75 15 18.75 20 18.75 15 8.75 0 m Uja
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20 m/s @K
: =(pQ Wu-M N, .12 9PJ7 #(J)
v = m/s Q
20 Q
20
10 P 15 P N P N
-10.2 m
8.6 m
Tm/sU /?
TmU Iiz
Q
0 ts
1 2 3 4 #$; 10 0.86 s 1.02 s
-10 N 5 A M
-20 M
0 1 2 3 4
TsU #$;
2 x 8K] @ @3D <;v 2 x 8K] Uj* @3D : <;v !A= 8K] &@U K <;v
L@ 673 8M 2−Uja V#3H V7o7= .c P, Q, N UA7 7 8K] @ 3 ١
I2 − @K V#3H V7o7= .c +@cE
?H Lv ? ; {=! ?<3= . T! ?2 − @K V7o7= <3 =3 ٢
:‫ﺍﻟﺤﻞ‬
2 − Uja V7o7 V UA7 zD 7 u== <3 %Ko P ! , Q ! , N 7 @K 33D ;= ١
8.6 –10.2
vQ = 0 vP = = 10 m/s vN = = –10 m/s
0.86 1.02
2 − @K V7o7 63 <0o# V 83A # V!
∆v -20
a= = = –10 m/s2 :a ] 2 − @K V7o7 <3 ٢
∆t 2
Ib$ M =& 7D 8K] @ ?E V HK Lva .D!

٤٤
:(‫)ﺏ( ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺬﻭﻓﺎﺕ ﺑﺰﺍﻭﻳﺔ )ﺍﻟﺤﺮﻛﺔ ﻓﻰ ﺑﻌﺪﻳﻦ‬

!E VAfE M V 67 ?& 1 83AK Fc Vf =~7 ] @3KD V TK($ &@U A O:
x VAf$ o= x θ !2 f!A= TK($ &@U u7 ?g! ,VE V* 3k E !E ,<9 M
I3$ 3 {] ] @3MD OoD
?V7o7 K Vf @" |@o {= : ¯ <;v ?V7o7 K Vf 1= |@o {= : <;v
, <;" Vf 3H =& ,3k 7o7 Mk c c V! ,xf #: !E L@& :<- !A &@U <# 7:
<3oD ;= N#E U# ,VAf$ + K= x θ !2 !vi 39 @K FM7D!
:V o7 V y VE! x VAfE 3]D Vf @K
v2y = 0 y
v1y v1 v2
v3x
v1y v1x
v3y v3y v3
viy vi
ay
θ x
o
viy vix v1x v2x v3x
!A= &@U K : <;v
;=! ,|;U L : (! T b@ z{! vix =~7 @K L@; N3f |@oD! :TxU SQ .K7F
: VAf$ ]DJ Vf @K %KU
vix =vi cos θ
vix v1x v2x v3x
:ax = 0 ?E L@ x - &@o BJ: Vf A K Ko= vix « 8!
‫ﻟﻌﺒﺔﺇﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔﻋﻠﻰﻣﻮﻗﻊﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ‬
Bf!A= &@U x 8D! 'E

O#@#J V %; x .c
٤٥
? ;D V ! @o U AK ] @3MD OoD L@; N3f |@oD! :TyU -* .K7F
v1y
: viy wE@ ]DJ Vf 39 J @K %KU ;=! ,L@3 @K
v3y
viy = vi sin θ
viy x - &@o BJ: Vf A K Ko= viy « 8!
:ay = g = -10 m/s2 ?E L@
vf :u -3f @~# ~o +E 7 A @ 'KoD!
vfy
θ vf = vfx2 + v2fy
vfx
:(t) ‫ﺍﺳﺘﻨﺘﺎﺝ ﺯﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﻌﻮﺩ‬
? ;3f &@o V!$ := wf (vfy = 0) « b #
0 = viy + gt
: ?E E
-viy
t=
g
: 0 j / F3o j ? ;!

-2viy
T = 2t =
g
:(h) ‫ﺍﺳﺘﻨﺘﺎﺝ ﺃﻗﺼﻰ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﺭﺃﺳﻲ‬

? ;3f &@o -- := wf (vfy = 0) « b #
2g h= -v2iy
?E E
-v2iy
h=
2g
:(R) ‫ﺍﺳﺘﻨﺘﺎﺝ ﺃﻗﺼﻰ ﻣﺪﻯ ﺃﻓﻘﻲ‬

T = F3o j = VAfE + V0E j :?E UJ
:?E ]# 3#- &@o : wf d = R ! ,(ax = 0) !
R = vixT = 2vix t

٤٦
IwAf$ V 30° !j x70 ]D Vf! 15 m/s @K # (: OAM#
?( N3* <0D `D V0E ‫ﺃ‬
?6A3oD j ‫ﺏ‬

?( N3* <0D ?E ;= VAfE + V0E ‫ﺟـ‬
:‫ﺍﻟﺤﻞ‬
viy ! ,vix <& 'Ko#
vix = vi cos 30 = 15 × 0.866 = 13 m/s
viy = vi sin 30 = 15 × 0.5 = 7.5 m/s
:h wE `D V0E %KU
-v2iy -(7.5)2
h= = =2.8 m
2g 2×(-10)
:T F3o j %KU
-2 × viy -2×7.5
T = 2t = = = 1.5 s
g -10
:R wAfE + V0E %KU
R = vix T = 13 × 1.5 = 21.5 m
‫ﺗﻌﻠﻢ؟‬
‫ﻠﻢ؟‬
‫ﻫﻞ ﺗﺗﻌﻠﻢ‬
‫ﻞ‬
Nf 7 N wAfE + V0E V* <0 !A= 8K] ?E
7 +!K !A 8K] wAf$ += ?E! ,45˚ !2
I 90˚ =6 =] 3!2 Nf
٤٧
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‬
‫اﻟﻘﻮة واﻟﺤﺮﻛﺔ‬
Force and Motion
]! @K 83 &@o /
! FH =3f 7!7D
<0 Vf b@7! ,TK($ &@U BHHK= b@ ?!: : ‫ﻧﻮاﺗﺞ اﻟﺘﻌﻠﻢ اﻟﻤﺘﻮﻗﻌﺔ‬
D 3# 3# ²77 z{ .c! ,L A ]3# ] D 33; ‫ﻗﺎدرا ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺔ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺗﻜﻮن ﻗﺎد ًرا‬
‫ﻓﻰ‬
:‫أن‬
I123 Vf 3E 3=E B{ 3# V! ,&@o M-
Fc
I]!
wf &@o
;! L A
T 6=
3 @D
FHMD
xrD ‹
Force ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺓ‬ I< :! < L@I83AK
@KD ‹
I&@o ` #E \@"D ‹
D w 3#3H .;v$ @K! 8@D ‹
@K – 2! Uja 3
Force L ‹
I2!
Action= B@K ` #E 3 <
?AD! }@D ‹‹
Reaction < : ‹
I673
Mass .;v$ <o! @K! w0AK
3#3H & ‹‹
?.I$ @ &@U 'H : ¨<;v
Weight ?j! ‹
I3M &@o A=! =
|KD 3r zD Af ,3 3 7D3U Vf TJ 9v =& L A
L ! &@o 1 V KD L3K |@o L ! ,13v$ v V : ‫ﻣﺼﻄﻠﺤﺎت اﻟﻔﺼﻞ‬
V @M V(c @M 6# L A @D! ,6fA* V KD <@ : ‫ﻣﺼﺎدر اﻟﺘﻌﻠﻢ اﻟﻜﺘﺮوﻧﻴﺔ‬
Motion &@o ‹
T L A uAD! ,N]D !E NU Vf @33D
'HK3f ,8K] I&@o D 3# 3# :J"7
Displacement m* ‹
Uja
IN D 37 V 63 LU!! ,V&@H#2 ?23=
Distance fK= ‹
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oDLoSWQfE2E
‫ﻋﻠﻤﺎء أﻓﺎدوا اﻟﺒﺸﺮﻳﺔ‬ I&@o D 3# 3# \@v:

Speed :J"7 6"S ‹
@K
Velocity 6]= @K ‹
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CrEBThAYnT0
VA @3-; ?E 8@ V 0A!
Uniform.!$ D 3# ? #=~7=
velocity : p DK7
@K ‹
33&! TK($ &@U %HE @3KD! \@v !U Instantaneous speed L@3= @K IVD
‹
<H &@o =~7 @~# x! 8 8 N#E J* 6&@U Acceleration 3~o @K ‹
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Udv7RvYtAK0
?" Vf 8~$ <r : ! I@" x K ?@A Uniform acceleration ] ‹
D 3# }o* : <;v
ID 3#! 33( = 3=3~ 3= Bj]#* V*

٤٨
‫ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺓ ﻭﺍﳊﺮﻛﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‬
Newton's first law ‫ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﻧﻴﻮﺗﻦ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‬

< ,NU V VA 1Vv <& :\3D O! z U B@~#! < I %3 z3 V* B z
?33HM 3# A 8E UE V + M7D LH ?E B@;f
! I/A ?E V* IH 8M 73 fK 63 F27 N#f b$ V 8K( xf: {* N#E rE
!@= !
3= %] ?E J* ,? ;K .!D 1Vv +E &@U ?E V7= ,? ;K V L:= 3HI ?E 1A A
;D 8 ! I/A VU N9M * V <=D! ,F27= 8K] T!AD |;U + : ( : z{ ?E B@6E
.!$ D 3# ? # 8 TAD V FM! ,/ D ?!: @= @3 8K] x L: ( + A
I&@o
Fc Vf M @K &@o |@o= 8K] VAH! ,7& &K 8K] VAH" :N," =Q #7 'c
I"z{ @33D V =@H]D 0o L =67 +E V @MD 8 83AK
∑ F = 0 :? #A 3@ 30!
97! 6r @3MD V ;! ,L @-&E 8K] V @M {* 0o= L A ∑ F A=!
I@
+!KD 0o= L A ?* .A

DL 3c +"/ t7 6 $ dN,$ ,J 6?K !)
DL 3c +"/ t7 6 $ dN- #N? 6?K !)
6 ?$ FL S Mt /?M
.!$ D 3# ? # : ª<;v
] ?f F = 0 @
+!KD 8K] V L@M= L A ? ;D 7 N#E .!$ D 3# ? # 57K#!
z@o L Zo# 7#E 57K# =& &@o !E 7& ?& 1 8K] @ @3D f a = 0 @
+!KD
I M @K 6&@U Vf @=KD 6] L Zo# J 77;! ,&@o= A* !E 7&K TK($
IVD 0A ? #A V=K A 3M! I HD VD 0A T 6= .!$ D 3# ? # FHD@!
Vf @= |@o= 8K] <3! ? ;K U Vf 1AH V* &K 8K] <3 :|71 DC
I&@U !E ? ; 6U @33D T!AD TK($ ?E +E 3
$ N@K &@o
٤٩
:71 DC W 5$ "/ AM 7 $ 2VJ ?S
?$ T2U 1D L!@ 7 ( 9 xf7 7 ((2 Vf 8A FAK
IL3K L:3 17ME 2(o 6M
7 T° @K Ao 'o
VD 0A V 3 B" : ¬<;v
‫ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺗﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺔ‬
6(!@c 'A 1r ¸

ZoD J ✦
: ! |6 V* 3$ 3 {]
V fo wD 0A ?$ |@oD V;
I83AK Fc Vf! =~7 @K 6&@U
Newton's second law ‫ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﻧﻴﻮﺗﻦ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻰ‬

?E V* #: A zv ! ,] |@o J L N3 @MD J + 8K] ?E .!$ D 3# ? # 7f@
D 3# :U A! , a ≠ 0 ] 'K;! N@ @3D ∑F ≠ 0 0o 3(c L N3 @MD + 8K]
x k :@I '7D ] ?E V* <
D 3U ,V#- N# # .c ] 63 / D V <
IN& x 3k K;! ,8K] V L@M= L A
9c* "K/ H?(7 !N* "N !N* "K/ H?(7 9c* "N !N* "K/ / ) !N* 3c 9c* "K/ / ) 9c* 3c
; L:2 ] A#: <;v L A L:2 ] L:j : <;v

٥٠
L@M= L A x k :@I '7D ] NHK&E 8K( V 0o L B@ME {*" :N," P #7 'c
I"N& x 3k K;! 8K] V
F = ma !E a = F :? #A 3@ 30!
m
L A! 8K] 6&@o V ] 3 3#3H 8@ !

2٫5
100 kg
,L A L:2 ::2D 8K] 6 |@o V ] ?E ]# N3 L@M=
m/s2 ]
2٫0
1٫5
@H&E ] |@o 100 kg :- <$ ; { 8K] ?E =&
1٫0
200 kg IL A # 63 B@ME {* 200 kg @H&$ ; +{ 8K]
0.5
0 50 100 150 200 250

N D 37 LU! /@D L:* ;= V#- D 3# ? # 1 Vf!
N L A N&8K(VB@ME{*VL AA D 37"? #A.c
x ]! L A 3 3#3 <;v
<; c

¢T 8]& 1 = D 3# 1 ?E +E 1m/s2 A ] NHK&E 1 kg
‫ﺗﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﻜﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﻗﺪ‬
@ch '; Vf 6K# L A @MD 7 I ] NHK;f wH"c '; Vf 1 N A L @MD ❃
?3H;= <& & . U 57KD {=f ,.-E M- @H&E ] NHK;f
]! ; 3

Mass and Weight ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺘﻠﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻮﺯﻥ‬
z@oD @3-; '
E L@9M& L@3H& N& 8K( A* !E z@oD ?E V* <
# V#- D 3# ? #
#= @-&E 3&@o 6U Vf @33D +E x#=D L@9M ?* . A# ,(& L@3
N& 8K( A* !E
I3A#J 3&@o NU Vf @33D +$ 8K] #= A V ;f ,(
3&@o 6U Vf @33D +$ 6#= V L@9M & <;v
U Vf! ,N3 @MD L : (! f ] 'K; 8K( +E ?E V* V#- D 3# ? # rE <
#!
?j @ ,3$ 3 {] L A @D L A @M N#E w7 = @o U AK ] |@o N#f 8K( U A
w = mg : ?j 'Ko! ,b$ 2&@ o# N]D ? ;! ,8K] b$ %( L N#
٥١
Newton's third law ‫ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﻧﻴﻮﺗﻦ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‬
A Z!@c 7: <;v w@& V OK( {*: ¯ <;v 8M 1 6 ? ¸7 O= {* : <;v
?37H o { ,37H F9o xf O= 8M B] N |@o ?? H o { ,N7 xf73 1 6 O&@D
?z o { ,z3(@ zE +
:‫ﺭﻛﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﻜﻴﺮ‬ N# # .c A K @ ~ <; @3KD D 3# (! A

L@3H& 7Uv TM0D 7
V! ,TK($ V @MD V + A 3HI Vf oH + -
3=K] +E V L@3
L3K
I]DJ Vf K&! A= Vf !K Z!jE <;" ( D
?@H&E T:0 L ? ;D
F2 F1
]DJ Vf :rD! A= Vf < : L +!KD < L : ¨ <;v
.!$ 8K] V @M V#- 8K] ?f L A @ch 8K( V 8K( @M 7 :N," lP #7 'c
¹
!K <f : <f <; ?E +E ,]DJ Vf 6 L:r! A= Vf 6 !K L A
I]DJ Vf N :r! A= Vf N
F1 = − F2 :V ? #A 3@ 30!
F2 F1
V#- V&@H#2 ?23= L1@ x .!$ V&@H#2 ?23= L1@ +!KD : ª <;v

٥٢
:‫ﻭﻳﺘﻀﻤﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺄﺗﻲ‬

I ?3! ?º"7 < :! < L ?f z ;L:@ L ? ; Vf ( D J
IrE
3 {( L ? ; < : ?f 3 {( L < ?& {f ,LU! 3HI < :! <
I3 3=K( V ?@M =6#$ ;@
+!KD < :! < 0o ? . A ;= J

‫ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﻋﻠﻤﻴﺔ‬
Bj = & xf7D 3U ,- D 3# ? # V »!0 <= L@;f =D ✦
IVE V* `f#J »!0 <f : ? ;3f »!0 <E "=
:") J$ 3Dw 9N S 95 RD 3c 95 3c RI
@;H
HcJ O36#E {* 3f* B(: V <0oD f BHcJ 17ME z! . V e@U
?E ;= + H#J T 1McE Vf ` H 7]D B@ L (@=! ,U! (a z3
I@K HcJ 16#* @D 7 o
٥٣
:+"7 "-Q #/ H

* 6t , 9(V IF
(F1) 95 (F ) 95 RD
2
!N* "K/ 9c* "K/
?" V L@M= L A! <3 V L@M= L A 3

?3#2 @3 3D " V < :! <3 V < L ? ;D {=
|@oD {* <3 6 |@o V ] 'KUf ,<(@ & B@ 6 +!KD <3 & O#& {*
?Lva H <3 ] ? ;D {= ?2m/s2 ] <(@
:‫ﺍﻟﺤﻞ‬
I<3 V L@M= L A − = " V L@M= L A
F1 = -F2
6= Fc! ,]DJ Vf 3D:r! A= Vf 3!K # ;D ?E U@" 3D 3 ?2DJ o V;
U@" =3f < :! < + V U!@" x3=( FHM7D! ,8K] # V ?@M! ,U!
I" @ch 8K( V @M < :! <3 8K( V @M < ?* 3U ,@3c$
<3 6 |@o V ] %KU
F1 = -F2
m1 a1 = -m2 a2
- a1 m2
=
a2 m1
m2 = 6m1 ?* 3U!
- a1
=6
2
2
a1 = -12 m/s
I" &@U ]D ; Vf |@o <3 ?E V HK Lva .D!

٥٤
‫ﹰ‬
:‫ ﺍﻟﻤﻔﺎﻫﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ‬:‫ﺃﻭﻻ‬
I@ch 8K( x = HK7 2 !@= 8K] x Vf :o @3 V :N,
ILU 3#- Vf 8K] 6MA V Uja V :/?
I2 LU! .c 8K] @ Vf @3 V :"K
k I A 6I A 17ME TK($ 6 |@oD V =~7= ] V :, U ? "K/
M o# @U
Ib$
:‫ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ‬:‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺎ‬
‫ﹰ‬
vf = vi + at d = vi t + 1 at2 2 ad = vf2 − vi2
2
vix = vi cos θ viy = vi sin θ
:‫ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺍﻧﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ‬:‫ﺛﺎﻟﺜﹰﺎ‬
Fc Vf M @K &@o |@o= 8K] VAH! ,7& &K 8K] VAH" :=Q #7 'c
∑ F = 0 I"z{ @33D V =@H]D 0o L =67 +E V @MD 8 83AK
V L@M= L A x :@I '7D ] NHK&E 8K( V 0o L B@ME {*" :P #7 'c
F = ma "N& x 3K;! 8K]
F1 = − F2 I]DJ Vf N :r! A= Vf N +!K <f : <f <; :lP #7 'c
‫اﻟﺤﺮﻛﺔ‬
HHK 6
!
‫اﻟﻘﻮة‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺮﻋﺔ‬
F=0
? ;D
=~7
? ;D
‫ﻗﺎﻧﻮن ﻧﻴﻮﺗﻦ اول‬
LS
F = ma
‫اﻟﻌﺠﻠﺔ‬
‫ﻗﺎﻧﻮن ﻧﻴﻮﺗﻦ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻰ‬
4 _&
@> U AK
F1 = -F2
Bf!A
‫ﻗﺎﻧﻮن ﻧﻴﻮﺗﻦ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‬
٥٥
ådÉãdG ÜÉÑdG
ájôFGódG ácôëdG
Circular Motion
‫‪ÜÉÑdG áeó≤e‬‬
‫ﺗﻌﺘﺒﺮ ﺍﳊﺮﻛﺔ ﻓﻰ ﺩﺍﺋﺮﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻫﻢ ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺍﳊﺮﻛﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺋﻌﺔ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﺔ‪ ،‬ﻛﺤﺮﻛﺔ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻷﻟﻌﺎﺏ ﻓﻰ ﺍﳌﻼﻫﻲ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺣﺮﻛﺔ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﺣﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻤﺮ ﺣﻮﻝ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ‪ ،‬ﻭﻏﻴﺮﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻟﺬﺍ ﺳﻨﺨﺼﺺ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺍﳊﺮﻛﺔ‬
‫ﻓﻰ ﺩﺍﺋﺮﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻭﺻﻒ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺣﺪﻭﺛﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻣﺜﻠﺔ ﺍﳊﻴﺎﺗﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻨﺘﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮﻳﺎﺿﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﻓﻰ ﻭﺻﻔﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﻋﺮﺽ ﺃﻫﻢ ﺍﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﳊﻴﺎﺗﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺔ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺔ‬
‫ﺑﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫*‪! 2‬‬
‫‪JJ
HK‬‬ ‫‪JJ (5 D $ 6" "J/‬‬
‫‪? # "& Vf D 3# }o* : 6( @AD‬‬ ‫‪IV= @3K‬‬

‫]‪IT %‬‬ ‫‪IZ7J‬‬
‫‪ x=]= c Vf NDA3HMD! 8 !: @AD‬‬ ‫=‪I#A‬‬
‫‪I370 =$ 3=E : .c‬‬ ‫‪I/370‬‬
‫&‪|:*! ,+!@= V '# ( %K‬‬ ‫‪IB;"= <U‬‬
‫‪Io3o0 !@= A `HD 3=E‬‬
‫‪IF3HM‬‬
‫‪IB#3H b@ L6‬‬
∫hC’G π°üØdG
‫ﻗﻮاﻧﻴﻦ اﻟﺤﺮﻛﺔ اﻟﺪاﺋﺮﻳﺔ‬

Laws of circular motion
L @MD 7 N#E O=D V#- D 3# ? #A z: .c

o +E ,] 'K; N#f =~7 @K |@o 8K( V : ‫ﻧﻮاﺗﺞ اﻟﺘﻌﻠﻢ اﻟﻤﺘﻮﻗﻌﺔ‬
L A ]D V @K Vf :o @3 =! ,N@ Vf @3D ‫ﻓﻰ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺔ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺗﻜﻮن ﻗﺎد ًرا ﻋﻠﻰ‬
:V o7 V z{! ,&@o ]DJ HK7 L@M= :‫أن‬
IL@9: Vf &@o 3# 57KD
3c t7 $/
,$ 6?
"/ :oD! 2&@= ] =3 57KD
?& {*
I6 6
I2&@= {] L A ? # 57KD
.K7 S 3 .K7 h(/ S 3 .K7 h5 S 3 .K7 I2&@= {] L A 'KoD
N, "/ BRJ/ N, .K7 N, .K7
/? .K7 x) /? D $ 9 ) /? D $ RR;)

2D $ x) F 2K7 x) F 2K7 x) F : ‫ﻣﺼﻄﻠﺤﺎت اﻟﻔﺼﻞ‬
@9 &@o
'K;D : FfD <;" Vf F K= 2 7f Circular Motion
7 E ,6@ ::2f &@o ]D # Vf L 7 ( 2&@= ]
<Af &@o ]D ; Vf ? ;D L A ?f <@ V Fr Centripetal Acceleration
D K
!E 73= N=K] !E F K= <3= 7! ,@K 2&@= {] L A
Vf @3K! &@o ]D @3 V ! ,&@o ]D V : = L Centripetal Force
I+@9: K
TZU :‫ﻣﺼﺎدر اﻟﺘﻌﻠﻢ اﻟﻜﺘﺮوﻧﻴﺔ‬
IL@9: Vf &@o A :J"7 6"S

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PBpe_LLlQJw
T[U IL@9: Vf &@o ? # :"J/ /
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Juz9m0BFX0I
T\U
37o7 BK Vf &@o : <;v iƒfÉãdG ∫hC’G ∞°üdG - AÉjõ«ØdG

58
ájôFGódG ácô◊G ÚfGƒb ∫hC’G π°üØdG
ô¨°üªdG πª©ªdG
:IôFGO ≈a ácôëdG
@cg @M |3 zKE! ,F3c @M @3
@]U
F
L:2 8 z{ 17ME ,+@9: K Vf @]o |@U 8M ,F3
|@o3 F3 |@D ? UD { ,@]o ?!: @
?@]o FM7 ]D +E Vf ,@o @]o
L@9: Vf &@o ?3 :+* !- J$ 9w

]D Vf! N&@U ]D V : = F L N3 @MD ?E J +@9: K Vf 8K( +E |@o w;
I@9 &@o Vf @=J V H(a z{! ,L@9 2&@
,Bfa ~o N;K ?& + +@9 K= u== ]D FM7 8K] ?f L A O {*
Iv 3== @K @K V=KD! 83AK Fc Vf ]DJ! A= Vf M @K z{!
v
-JJ /?
v
F
);NJ 3
F
F
F
v
v
F3 `MA# 7 8K] &@U ]D : <;v @9 &@o Vf @K! L A ]D : <;v
,]DJ Vf L@3! A= Vf M @K +@9: K Vf 8K( &@U V :JXJ )4 N,
I2&@= {] L A 2&@= ]D Vf 8K] V L@M= L A V=KD!
. of 8K] &@U V +: = ]D Vf @= @MD V L A zD V :);NJ M&K 3
I+@9: K V* 83AK= K
:ájõcôªdG áHPÉédG Iƒ≤dG
,3f& @K 3E L@9: Vf N&@U! 1= N07 V* : 1<= 8
? f 1= Z@ <
{] L A ? f 1= Z!@c T @3KD ;=
V ! &@o ]D V : = ? ;D N3 L@M= 2&@=
Vf 3= !f A= @33D ?!: @K ]D @33D V <=D
1= Z@J {= : <;v I <c: VAHD! +@9 K=
? f
Ö``dÉ``£`dG ÜÉ`à`c
59
ájôFGódG ácô◊G ådÉãdG ÜÉÑdG
Types of Centripetal Forces ájõcôªdG áHPÉédG iƒ≤dG ´GƒfCG -1

,+ A ( # 2&@= {] L A @HD J
K V k : = @MD L $ VM= 8J IKH w6f
? ;D Af ,+@9: K Vf |@o N]D! 8K] &@U
%{]D L !E ,v L V 2&@= {] L A
:+ A -E V =3f! I¸* III, :
T 8K( 'o 7 :(FT) ó°ûdG Iƒb 1-1
?N#!: 17ME 3{ Vf v L A V@ @" {= : ¯ <;v
? ;D 7! ,v L N3f "7D z !E <HU
&@U ]D V +: = ]D Vf L A
TFTU
Vf |@o N#f , M @K |@o 8K(
L A 6K# V " L ? ;D! ,+@9: K
2&@ {( L A& F3 Vf " L <=D : <;v
I2&@= {]
&@U ]D V : = %{]D L ="! b$ 3 "7D :(FG)iOÉªdG ÜPÉéàdG Iƒb 2-1
I=" . U +@9: K Vf b$ |@oD ,b$
DQ
M&K 3
);NJ
TFGU
hJV
2&@ {( L A& +:= %{] L <=D : ¨ <;v

F@M 3 |;U L "7D V7o7 !E +@9: K Vf L3 /M7D 7 :(Ff) ∑ÉμàM’G Iƒb 3-1
|@oD V ! L@9 2&@ ]D Vf! L3K &@U ]D V : = L A ? ;D! ,L3K BI*!
IV7o7= K= Vf L3K
TFNU 95 RD
TFfU (IF
TwU 'i
2&@ {( L A& |;UJ L <=D : ª <;v
iƒfÉãdG ∫hC’G ∞°üdG - AÉjõ«ØdG

60
K= ?& {* U Vf! ,L3K V k : = =9:

< : L @MD :(FN) π©ØdG OQ Iƒb 4-1
L3K @9
V KD L@9 2&@ ]D < : L A 3AfE H&@ 57D VAf$ V !2 9
IL3K ?!:
]D |;UJ L ! < : L wH&@ ` =] V 2&@= {] L A ? ;D o Vf!
I?! 2&@
TFNU 95 RD -* !NJ
95 R
SQ !NJ
95 R

IF
U (
TF f TwU 'i
Tθ U
VAf$ ]DJ Vf |;UJ! < : VH&@ ` =] V 2&@= {] L A : ¬ <;v
57D L@9M <3=D 7! ,L@9M 8K( V : = =9: L@9M xf L @MD :(FL) ™aôdG Iƒb 5-1
IL@9M V L@M= 2&@= L A V ? ;f L@9 2&@ ]D xf@ L A 3AfE H&@
-* !NJ
TFLU34M rSD 3c rS 3
TθU
SQ !NJ
rS 3
'i
2&@ {( L A& L@9M xf L A 3Af$ H&@= <=D : <;v
Centripetal Acceleration ájõcôªdG á∏é©dG-2

v N& 8K( &@U ]D V k : = F A L @MD 7
o! ,r @M /0# +@9: K Vf |@o N#f v N@! m
F
a
] V=KD a ] 8K] ? ;D V ! ,@K ]D Vf @3D
O F
a
I2&@= {] L A ]D # Vf 6]D ? ;! 2&@=
v
F v
k ?E <;" U!
a ]! ,F L A! ,v @K &
a
I@= ]DJ L@3 67;! A= M ? ;D
] N]! @K N] : <;v
+@9: K Vf =~7= &@o 17ME
61
@/? .K7 x K )4 N, S 6?K !?() "K 2 :TaU );NJ "K
v v MA7 8K] |@oD 7 N#E <;" U!

Δv
B
A θ
,]DJ Vf @3D v @K ?E B MA7 V* A
∆l v
∆θ r v @K Vf @3 ?f z ! ; M A= oD ;!
B@K -
IFAf @K ]D Vf @3 57 Δv
C
:ájõcôªdG á∏é©dG áª«b ÜÉ°ùM
Vf 3H= B@K - x CAB -= N "D
B V* A 8K( &@U : <;v :3Dg & ;= <;v
∆l ∆v
= (1)
r v
L@9 2&@ ]D Vf ∆ v 3U
∆l
∴∆v= .v (2)
r
'KoD a 2&@= ]D Vf ] ?f ∆ t N37j @f Vf B MA7 V* A MA7 8K] <A# {f
:Δ t V 2 := =KA
∆v ∆l 1
∴a= =v
∆t ∆t r
Δl
:+!KD 2&@= ] ?f v +!K ?E 3U! ∴
2
Δt
v
∴a= (3)
r
:(F) ájõcôªdG áHPÉédG Iƒ≤dG áª«b ÜÉ°ùM
:'* B* (F = m a) cf #$ 3 M7 P #7 'c #$
2&@= ] × ; = =~7= @9 &@o 17ME 2&@= L A
:'* K T3U cf #$ );NJ "K Jc #/ e)M
v2
∴F=m× (4)
r
:(v) á«°SÉªªdG áYô°ùdG áª«b ÜÉ°ùM
2 V FM! T j .c @9 K= Vf & L!: <= T 8K] ?E 7@f {*
V ! 2πr ! L@9 F3o A fK xM ? ; 2 .c! ,! 2 M0
:w o7 V ?! @ 3== @K %KU ;=
fK= 2πr
v= =
2 T
Ir ?! @M /0#! T ! 2 <& = v 3== @K %KU ;= N#E z{ V7

62
á«FGôKEG áeƒ∏©e
Δ l fK xMA3 B MA7 V* A MA7 r @M /0# L@9: Vf v 3= @K 8K( |@oD {*
Iω !2 @K @ Δ θ A= ?f Δ t j Vf Δ θ !j!
Δt
v
∆l v
C ∆θ A
Δθ r
ω= (1)
Δt
IK= @M /0# V* u A . I 3 HK7 +!KD +@9 @A !2 =3 ?E !@= !
Δl
Δθ= :?E +E
r
:?E ]# 1 := Vf Δ θ =3 !
Δl 1 v
ω= * =
Δt r r
∴ v =ω r
@MA /0# * !2 @K = 3== @K ∴
2πr
v= ?* 3U!
T
2πr
∴ωr=
T
2π
∴ω=
T
:ájõcôªdG á«HPÉédG Iƒ≤dG ábÓY áë°U äÉÑKEG
! 8A H#E :<- 3;3 !E 3# H#E .c F3 @ 8M F3c Vf m 6& 3IM L: F
IM N& <A- @cg @M F z{
+!K ! T F3 v L "7D 2&@= {] L A ?f +@9: K Vf UM= M |@o# 7
F = T = Mg :?E +E IF= <A- ?j!
2
v
F = Mg = m r : o
3k = OHME A* ! A K : = T
H#E
3IM L:
F3c
@]
<AM B!:E
63
∫ƒ∏ëe ∫Éãe
(0.93 m) @M /0# wAfE +@9: K Vf L:K B@:E! ,(13 g) 3IM= L:K & O#& A K @] Vf
IF3 @cg @M Vf F= <A- & 'KU , 59 s j Vf L!: 50 x70
:πëdG
:+! 2 %KU
V; 2 59
T= = = 1.18 s
B! : 50
:@K %KU
2πr 2 × 3.14 × 0.93
v= = = 4.9 m/s
T 1.18
:" L %KU
2
v2 (4.9)
F=m = 0.013 × = 0.34 N
r 0.93
:<A- & %KU
F 0.34
M= = = 0.035 kg
g 9.8
:ájõcôªdG áHPÉédG Iƒ≤dG É¡«∏Y ∞bƒàJ ≈àdG πeGƒ©dG

z{! ,o z;K! }@M B37o7 83=0D 7 2&@= {] L A %KU !@r
4 : .c ! ,F27D ?E ?!: V7o7= K= Vf BMA! B3K |@oD w;
:3 < V / D 2&@= {] L A ?E V* <
;=
L Af , r , v BHM 7 ; x k :@I 2&@= {] L A '7D 3U :(m) º°ùédG á∏àc -١
x7 @K ! ,K= # Vf 7Uv |@o j L A <E V7o7 K Vf (: |@o j
IL@M B37o7= V <3A- <A7 B3 &@U
ÜÉàμdG ™bƒe ≈∏Y º∏«a ógÉ°T
o7 = L3 }J2#* ~o
V B7U"! B MA= !@= =K J : <;v

?z{ @3KD ,L@M B37o7=

64
@K x @ x k :@I 2&@= L A '7D 3U :(v) á«°SÉªªdG áYô°ùdG -٢
@H&E 2&@ {( L A O(U L3K @ B:j =;f , r , m BHM 7
&@o 73 @ }@M 76 :o z ,V7o7= K= V &@o
Ij!]D VH7 J B37o7= 7
+ 0A @K : <;v
80km/h V7o7= V
3v
2v v
9f 4f F
2&@= L A A V V7o7 K Vf |@o 8K( @ @3D @3MD : ¯ <;v
, v , m BHM 7 K= @M /0# x 3k K; 2&@= L A '7D 3U :(r) ¿GQhódG ô£b ∞°üf -٣
L Mc ::2D V ! ,N3f ! @H&E 2&@ L A L3K O(U V7o7= @M /0# < =;f
IL@M B37o7= V L@3
@K @3K wH7 z{ '7]! ,V7o7=
? ;D! @MA /0# Vf <$ V7o7= V 40km/h + 0A @K ? ;D {= : <;v
?@MA /0# Vf @H&$ V7o7= V 60km/h
?¿GQhódG ô£b ∞°üf ≈∏Y ájõcôªdG Iƒ≤dG ¢übÉæJ ô«KCÉJ Ée

1
8K] ?E +E , (F α ) ?$ z{! ;::23 @MA /0# ?E V7 ?f 2&@= L A 7D 7
r
IVD 0A 'HK 83AK Fc Vf |@o3 N#f @
2&@= L A OoH

E {*! ,L@9 2&@ H3
?f (2
F@M ?&! V7o7 K V |@oD L3 ?E 7@f {f
F27f V7o7= K= Vf L3K L:a 3f& @3 ? ;D |;UJ +
?E L3K ;= J! ,VH#] F@M V BIa /U2D! L3K
IV7o7= K= Vf @=KD
?= ~v FM7D {= : ¨ <;v
B@K ! =3AK B]D ] =
?V9 @6; K= @]U .= 7 3=
65
2&@= {] L A 2&@= {] L A

L3K F27D
?! 3f& @3 L

?! 3f& L
3f& @3 2&@= {] L A O#& {* V7o7= K= Zc L3K F27D : ª <;v
:á°SGQódG IôéM êQÉN á£°ûfCG

,37I = c Vf !@= .( 6H V : 6] V @ z{! z~fo Vf !@= L:* L2 8
I67 33&! }@M : U %HE 8E @D z&!
á«JÉ«M äÉ≤«Ñ£J
7 @9 K= 3 TK($ &@U L@ :K
+@9 K= Vf &@o 3f& @3 2&@= {] L A ? ;D
x7
! , = /3]D 67 V! 3D3o BA3HM Vf
/3]D Vf IIIIIIII V= Vf L! <3@H H! ,B7H .2
= A0 1= Bm2( ?E ]# .-= <3H V =
@3 L A ? ;D L@3H& @K /]= ?!: 7! ,73 L A
/]= ?!: 7 : ¬ <;v
u== ]D FM7D V ! , Vf Bm2] 1A a 3f&
]D 1= Bm2( FM7D L@3H& @K
?! L@9: F3o= u== I = <07D! ?! L@9: F3o=
+ ! ,2&@= {] L A 'KU (3 m/s) @K !! (10 cm) N I F3c Vf U @ (600 g) N& @]U
? (50 N) V F3 6=o v L V0E O#& {* NM!U x D
:πëdG
:2&@= {] L A %KU
2 2
v (3)
F=m = 0.6 × = 54 N
r 0.1
Fc Vf @]o |@o! xMA73 N#f F3 6=o v L V0E @H&E 2&@= {] L A ?* 3U!
IF3 `MA# ~o N;K ?& + @9 K= u== ]D 83AK

66
≈fÉãdG π°üØdG
‫اﻟﺠﺎذﺑﻴﺔ اﻟﻜﻮﻧﻴﺔ واﻟﺤﺮﻛﺔ اﻟﺪاﺋﺮﻳﺔ‬

Universal Gravitation and Circular Motion
!D! b$ . U ! @=Af L@=K &@U U Vf ? ;

|@oD! ,L@]= 2&@ . U !D ! V! =" . U b$ : ‫ﻧﻮاﺗﺞ اﻟﺘﻌﻠﻢ اﻟﻤﺘﻮﻗﻌﺔ‬
7 ?K#a /v A! ,@9: NHv !E @9: &@U T@($ <& ‫ﻓﻰ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺔ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺗﻜﻮن ﻗﺎد ًرا‬
IIIIIIIII T ]7! @=A! =" &@U
! 1=K V* xM TA
:‫ﻋﻠﻰ أن‬
IT %] ? # 57KD
I <& ND~U <3]KD!
Vf b$ . U @=A ?!: @KD
IO M K
w7
@= @ @3D < 57KD
Ib$ . U N&@U 17ME
Universal gravitation T %]
T %] O M
@9: NHv !E @9: &@U !=K T@($ |@oD : <;v
Gravitational constant
Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation øJƒ«æd ΩÉ©dG ÜòédG ¿ƒfÉb -1 Gravitational field 3 {] .]
?& 7 D 3# }o* V U U A 0A O= = 3 {] .] Lv
Intensity of the gravitational field
? ; Vf TK($ <& ? <3 Nf: ! ,L@]v OoD ]
Satellite V70 @=A
IU b$ %( A@I 7 ,r
6r V* %]7D
Critical velocity (@o @K
: ‫ﻣﺼﺎدر اﻟﺘﻌﻠﻢ اﻟﻜﺘﺮوﻧﻴﺔ‬

%] ? # A :J"7 6"S
IT
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Jk5E-CrE1zg
IV70 @=A L@;f :( !

https://sites.google.com/site/physicsflash
/home/gravity
L!@r V7 7&K U U A ?f &@o .!$ D 3# ? # 1 Vf : <;v
63 B@ME L |7 ?E
67
1:H= 8E U! H ;= U U A @]f A!

= U U AK D 3# ©@f ,+@"H <A 6! V
J @=A ?E A3AU D 3# Ov! ,@=A +@3 V$ @~7 N(
+@9: K Vf b$ . U ! N7;! ,83AK Fc Vf |@o
b$ . U @=A &@U : <;v u: ! ,N3 @MD ?E wH7 2&@ {( L |7 ?E V7 !
fK= V / D =& {]= TK($ <& V / D 6#E V* <
D! {] L A 3HI D 3#
:V o7 V z{! ,

J "N a 9wI r$ )q RI H-7 3 M L 6?

B* 1K) '( S BR$ 6?
9N
@ M ! rM$ r$ q ?(/
:3DC "/ ' H()

Mm
F=G (1)
r2
%] O - @ T V# & O M ! '7 O M G ! 3=K] +2&@ 3 H V r 3U
:+!KD N=3! T
G = 6.67 * 10 -11 N.m2 kg-2
= 6.67 * 10 -11 m3.kg-1.s-2
M F m
,L A 7 o# @cg %] 67 <;f 3=K] 3 :H L V %] L ?E @& @]!
IW 1K ' M @ N#f ? #A 3 = 'HK !
1= .-E ! ,N7 L:J! z 8 @ MD Vf 83~ !: %@ 1=
3$ L@; F3o u3 Vf ]# +! =o ?o@ E V#!@3H z
I+@oH V! V J@M$ VK3 V <- ,?!@ch!
V#!@3H ?o@ E : <;v

68
ájôFGódG ácô◊Gh á«fƒμdG á«HPÉ÷G ≈fÉãdG π°üØdG
L 'KU (0.5 m) +!KD =62&@ 3 fK V ? (7.3kg) =67 <& & ?D@3
?D@&
I'7= F3 '&! =673 :H= 3 {]
:πëdG
:+!KD %] L ?f T %] ? #
G Mm -11
(6.67 * 10 ) (7.3) 2
F= =
r2 (0.5) 2
-8
F = 1.4 * 10 N
I1VI" . < HU ?j! .:D! k( L@3
3D@; 3 :H= %] L ?E U# .-= Vf
7 J* L@3H&! L@M TK($ 3 3 {] L ? ;D J z , k( @3
T %] O M =3 ?E U#
I =& !E ,L@3
TK($ 3
BfK= ? ;D !E L@3H& <; ? ;D
Gravitational Field á«HPÉédG ∫Éée -2

<0 VU L" 7D V6f z ,3=K] 3 H x @ x 3k K; '7D 3 {] + ?E 7=
I@cg V =67 <; %] @ME 7 Vv fK V* =673 H
I¼3 {] + N3f @6~D + 23o³ :N# 3 {] .] @# z ;%( + fK= <c: ( !
:á«°VQC’G á«HPÉédG ∫Éée Ió°T
3$ 3 {] ] k : +!KD! "g" 2@ 6 2@#! 1 kg +!KD ; b$ %( L V
:?E ]# T %] ? # F3HM !
GM
g= (2)
r2
5.98 * 10 24 kg = b$ & (M) :3U
r=R+h
π```°UGƒJ R = 6378km 3$ L@; @M /0# (R)

O#@#a V %; x .c b$ M `DJ h
V! z3=! z9j x <
D
I%; áª«b É¡«∏Y ∞bƒàJ ≈àdG πeGƒ©dG èàæà°SG (2) ábÓ©dG ∫ÓN øe
.á«°VQC’G á«HPÉ÷G á∏éY
69
Satellites á«YÉæ£°U’G QÉªbC’G -3

AD V ¸ 0 M!
@ L26(E M <! ,N U 1r "; ?K#a 8U ?&
<0 @H&E : E V* FM7D !E b$ . U ! 39rf H&@=
I¸@= <- ,@ch '& & V* -
V* z37D H V7
@= .* Vf \]7 L( V T 1957 @ &E 4 Vf 8 A3 A!
Vf ]#! < ,+@cE =E .* Vf ?K#a \]# z{ 'AE ,b$ '& ; V9rf x D .!& 1r
I@3H& \]7 <
1r "; .2 J! V3HM @=A M V .!27
! w7
@= : ¯ <;v x FM7 »!
: <;v
b$ . U Vf V70 @=A
:≈YÉæ°üdG ôª≤dG ¥ÓWEG Iôμa

=$ }Ia w= u$ \@v .!E D 3# }o* @H
E
wAfE + K Vf xf }I* 7 N#E 0D 3U ,370
,b$ 3U# 3 7o7 K
k I A FAK 6#f <H( =
D! ,@U
xHD! E MA# 7 b$ V* <0 6#f A @ B:j {*!
C M 17o# x A K 17o# +!KD 7! ,17o# <E K
D Vf NH"D! b° D H0D! ,O M K Vf !D 6#f ,b$
+ K Vf }I* 7 : <;v
3 7o7 K 6#f VAfE
63 FM z ;6 U V3HM @=A ?!: b$ . U 6#!:

Isatellite V70 @=A 8
O M K Vf b$ . U @=A ! : ¨ <;v

70
?... ƒd çóëj GPÉe

Fc Vf |@o :@
N@ OoH
E! V70 @=A / D
I6c FAK! b$ 3U# 83AK
@=A |@o :V70 @=A! b$ 3 3 {] L O#
Ib$ H +@9 K= u== ]D 83AK Fc Vf V70
V70 @=A : ª <;v
:≈YÉæ°üdG ôª≤∏d ájQGóªdG áYô°ùdG êÉàæà°SG
. U r @M /0# +@9: Vf v M @K |@o m N& 3k 7
@=
|7 ?E b@
:<;" Vf 3H =& M 6& V b$
b$ . U V70 @=A K : ¬ <;v

Vf N&@U V <=D! ,@=A &@U V : = ? ;D b$! @=A 3 %{] L ?E U#!
:2&@= {] L A 6K# V b$! @=A 3 %{] L ?E +E ,@9
v2 mM
F=m =G :?E +E
r r2
v2 m.M
m =G*
r r2
: Vf V70 @=A @ ?E r A K := !
M
v= G (2)
r
Ib$ . U ! VU V70 @=A 6 K&* Tj @K <-=D 2 := v @K =3
r=R+h :?f (h) 1r N7 FIE + `DJ ?& {*!
Ib$ @M /0# R 3U
71
:¢VQC’G ∫ƒM ¬àcôM AÉæKCG ≈YÉæ°U ôªb áYô°S ô«¨J πeGƒY

V =DJ Vf V70 @=A @ ?E r 2
IN&
:3Dg < V =D 67;!
IN U ! + '& ; &
b$ . U V70 @=A : <;v
IN U ! + '& ; 2&@ V70 @=A `D
1r Vf 3 NfA3 L @-&E »!

V* 7]U 1r * :@= V70 @=A & B:j =&
Ib$ . U N#! j @K 'K;3
:á°SGQódG IôéM êQÉN á£°ûfCG

V A 6= ? U
@ <- 3;
@= U$ L:2 8
<c: <= 3HI V @ z{! 3A23f 3]! 3; oH
I1r V* 6* 33&! 370 =$ B x=(! ,
@=
ádƒ∏ëe á∏ãeCG
L!: <=;! 3.85 × 105 km @M /0# +@9: K Vf b$ . U @=A !
6.67 × 10 = T %] O M b$ & 'KU , T 27.3 .c &
-11
m3 kg-1 s-2

:πëdG
T = 27.3 × 24 × 60 × 60 = 2.36 × 10 s
6
:+! 2 %KU
5 3
2πr 2 × 3.14 × 3.85 × 10 × 10
v= = 6 = 1025 m/s :@=A @ %KU
T 2.36 × 10
:b$ & %KU
M
v =G
2
r
:{*
2 2 5 3
v ×r (1025) × 3.85 × 10 × 10 24
M= = -11 = 6 × 10 kg
G 6.67 × 10

72
940 km `D V @9: NHv wf b$ . U ! w7

@=
L!: x70 w; Tj 2 , = @K : 'KU b$ M
:? =
b$ . U &
(R = 6360 km, M = 6 × 1024 kg, G = 6.67 x 10-11 Nm2/kg2)
:πëdG
:b$ . U @=A ?!: @M /0# %KU
r = R + h =6360 + 940 = 7300 km = 7.3 x106 m
:= @K %KU
v= G Mr
v= 6×1024
6.67 × 10-11
7.3×106
3
v=7.4×10 m/s
:! 2 %KU
v = 2πr
T
6
T = 2πr = 2×3.14×7.3×10 = 6195 s
v 7.4×103
= K . I! 100 min wf b$ . U ND!: 8 w7
@=
b$ M @=A `D , = @K : 'KU , 60000 km
:? =
(R = 6360 km)
:πëdG
:@=A @ %KU
3
v = 2πr = 60000 × 10 = 10000 m/s
T 100 × 60
:b$ @=A `D %KU

2πr = 60000 × 103
r= 60000 × 103 = 9.55 × 106 m = 9550 km

2×π
r= R+h
h = r-R = 9550 - 6360 = 3190 km
73
Importance of satellites :á«YÉæ°üdG QÉªbC’G á«ªgCG -4

Z@ -= V70 @=A @H 3U ,L BJ] Vf 3A3AU L M 370 =$ T ½ ½UE
¾
=$ ` #E |7! ,3; B( = .HA! .* Vf N ;= `DJ Fv
:67 V! ,370
BJ] 9 370 =° : <;v
Ib$ M V ?; +E V*! VD6! ,V{a! w# 23 <A7 =KD :BJ0DJ =E
I 1r @ 0D x3MKD! ,1r Vf HKD 8]o 9 B ;K33D LH :3; =$
3#= :0= oD! ,L@(6= 3M H@! : Vf TKD : "J =E
III @3
$ <;"D :! AM @I 6=o 32 <3
o= H@! ,6j D!
33K B:3A 6(oD V B = @3f D 6=6 37
=E V :K]! `MJ =E
I%@o L:*! @A {DJ @;K!
V =$ 6f ,b$ M V L3o <;v @33D Vf 370 =$ O= :™ªàéªdGh É«LƒdƒæμàdGh º∏©dG
,39r B 7A L" z7;=D V w6f 3 3 zD3U wU7 f& Vf @MD B@ 3; Bm z7 L3 !D
z#E =& ,. =o= zD! O#@#a T Vf |KD ! ,AM . UE f@! ,3= Hc$ !
Google @* <( ( 5#@ T 1r z27 © !E GPS j6( T z oD Vf 6KD
I@3-; z{ @3! IIIearth
x = o GPS j6( L 0= <( ( F9@c Vf 370 =$ 3D 370 =$ TKD
370 =$ @3
$ : BJ0DJ Vf

74
á°ù«FôdG º«gÉØªdG
I]DJ Vf L@3! ,A= Vf M @K +@9: K Vf 8K( &@U V :=~7= @9 &@o
. of 8K] &@U V +: = ]D Vf @= @MD V L A zD V :2&@= {] L A
I +@9: K V* 83AK= K
I@K ]D @3 ]3# @9 &@o Vf 8K] 6HK; V ] V :2&@= ]
I& L!: 8K] 6c 8 V 372 L@ V :L! j
+!KD! ,MA7 zD 7 1kg N& 8K( V L@M= %] L V :MA# 7 3 {] .] Lv
IMA7 zD 7 3 {] ] k :
:á°ù«FôdG ø«fGƒ≤dGh ábÓ©dG
v2 :2&@= {] ] %KU
a=
r
v2
F=m :2&@= {] L A %KU
r
Mm
F=G 2 :+:= %{] L %KU
r
GM
v=
r
:V70 @=A @ %KU
‫اﻟﺤﺮﻛﺔ ﻓﻰ داﺋﺮة‬
‫ﻓﻰ اﻟﻔﻀﺎء‬ ‫ﻓﻰ ارض‬

<- <-
@=A &@U @=A &@U b$ &@U @9 &@> <9! &@U @9 &@>
V70 b$ . U =" . U 4 R3@ B
4 %°
b$ . U %$ B37o7 4 V
75
™HGôdG ÜÉÑdG
á«eƒ«dG ÉæJÉ«M ≈a ábÉ£dGh π¨°ûdG
Work and Energy in our Daily life

‫ﺗﻮﺟﺪ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﻓﻰ ﻋﺪﺓ ﺻﻮﺭ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﺍﺭﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻴﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻴﺔ ﻭﻏﻴﺮﻫﺎ ‪ ...‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺘﺤﻮﻝ ﻣﻦ ﺻﻮﺭﺓ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ‪ .‬ﻓﻤﺎ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺼﻮﺩ ﺑﺎﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ؟ ﻭﻣﺎ‬
‫ﻋﻼﻗﺘﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﺸﻐﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺬﻭﻝ؟‬
‫‪JJ
HK‬‬ ‫‪JJ (5 D $ 6" "J/‬‬
‫&‪|6 3v@D o# 3 ]* B]D %K‬‬ ‫‪IV= @3K‬‬

‫‪IM‬‬ ‫‪IZ7J‬‬
‫&‪Im3H o# 3 ]* B]D %K‬‬ ‫=‪I#A‬‬
‫‪I12 : o# <3= 3=7D‬‬ ‫‪I/370‬‬
‫=‪I83‬‬
‫‪IF3HM‬‬
‫‪IB#3H b@ L6‬‬
‫اﻟﺸﻐﻞ واﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ‬
Work and Energy
Work :π¨°ûdG -1
{ o + <= 6 :@! ,3 3 7D3U Vf <" =& TK# : ‫ﻧﻮاﺗﺞ اﻟﺘﻌﻠﻢ اﻟﻤﺘﻮﻗﻌﺔ‬
‫ﻓﻰ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺔ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺗﻜﻮن ﻗﺎد ًرا ﻋﻠﻰ‬
3k 7{ <= ?& = @f , = N <"#f 1@= T= V :‫أن‬
OAIE = ! ,@ L2& 3k r !E ,3= BH( <o& I<" V= V7= @KD ‹
I<= :@] V <v =& I6] @3 3=& <" ?E 57KD ‹
/ ec V7 V J <" =& 123 1= TK! IM BU! 57KD ‹
Ix I! &@o I 3 ?AD ‹
I3 3 L3o Vf TK= 7
I <; 3@ 57KD ‹
Uj* 8K] |@o ?E! f 8K( V v .HD V;f Ix I! &@o
.HD 8 z#f 8K] |@o 8 {*! ,zD A ]37&
=6 v <v LH x I ?E 57KD ‹
I6 V L A A ?& I.!H
:J2 ,9xV , 'Ip 2 B*

I8K] V 73 L @MD ?E 1
Work <" ‹
IL A ]D # Vf 73 Uj* 8K] |@o ?E 2 Energy M ‹
:9xV" "P$* 3/ =(pQ a7 Kinetic Energy &@o I ‹
Potential Energy x I ‹
IUja! L A! <" :J"7 6"S

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=miTeJjZ8_Kk
.H ' : <;v
v .H F9K : <;v
L3K V v
.AM$ xf@ M= Ix M : 0A= :"J/ /
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iLXDirj4JUA

78
ábÉ£dGh π¨°ûdG ∫hC’G π°üØdG
F L M W .!H= <" %KU ;=!

F L A
T L A <= Fc V d Uj* N&@o 8K( V
:
W = F.d
d Uja
F F
%@r V@ V .!H= <" 'Ko¾ : <;v
I&@o ]DJ # F L@M= L A Vf d Uja d
=6 @ <
U ?f ,?6] ?3=& Uja! L A & k ?E = !
,6] @3 3=& <" ?E +E ,<" 33 3=& VM¾ V3A
@3KD ]D +E Vf 86 J ²9"o !2 MKH7 bE '6D 7f
V* Zo %@ V* }@" (50 m) '6f ,²9"o h
I% 7] V* .=" (50 m) '6D N(o + NK# <"
.H <I : <;v
v
V* HK# J . ]

c
k =
LU O3ME ! ,N.m @ ID 3# LU <" uA!
I. ( =3( 88
@3 .K7 S I $ 2D $ Ii J?
d ,
I #7 2D $ 3c M-M =1!J 9xV 2 :=K
?E &:E <9!E ?& +23]#* 8 : T 1889 - 1818 . ( =3(

@H&E ." <E Vf 1= L@U (: ?E (! N ]D UE Vf ,L@U <"
IL@U V* . oD MK 3= I r
?E OH- = ." VE Vf 67
. ( =3( : ¯ <;v
.!H= <" ?f <;" =& d Uja ]D V i !2 <3= F L A ]D ?& {*!
:L 0 V N & ;=
F sin i C
W = (F cos i) (d)
F
W = F d cos i
60º
F cos i
A d B
79
á«eƒ«dG ÉæJÉ«M ≈a ábÉ£dGh π¨°ûdG ™HGôdG ÜÉÑdG
F
i
Fcos i
W = F d cos i .!H= <" 3 : <;v
:ô«μØàdG øcQ
v .HD < , 100 N A L A N3 B@ME ,M 9U z ?E <3D

?{= ?3k 923f
:V .!] =& ,@
!E H !E H ( ? ; <" ?E r A K :=

"P$* 9xV i );
8K( 'o '( o ≤ i < 90°
"
<" .H +
F
θ
d
N &@o! 8K( <=U @

i = 90°
F
F
d
d
IL A ]D ; |@o ! ,8K( %( .!o v ' 180° ≥ i > 90°
+ 8K]
F
F i V <" .H
d
"
d

80
!j x70D ,(50 N) A v L @3MD OoD |@oD (20 kg) 6& AU @
'KU I(4 m) A Uj* @ O&@oD {f I = <;" =& (60°) A
I|;UJ L .=* x L A M .!H= <"
:πëdG
F = 50N
C
d = 4m
F
i = 60°
W = Fd cos i = (50) (4) (cos 60) = 100 J
60º
A d B
A Uj* N |@oD! 300 g N& :

<=oD I NHD + <" 'KU
# N : xf@ <I NH + <" 'KU 8M ,VAf$ ]DJ Vf (10 m)
g = 10 m/s 2 VE@ ]DJ Vf (10 cm) A Uj* ;
:πëdG
:M NHD + <"
F I@
+!K <" ?f Uja V : = ? ;D L A ?E =

:<M NH + <"
300
F = mg = * 10 = 3N L A %KU
1000
W = F. d cos i <" %KU
+!KD i !2 ?f ]DJ # Vf Uja! L A ?* 3U!
I@
d 10
.HDJ Uja V : = L A
v W=3* cos i = 0.3 J
100
:âbƒdG IQGOEG
I=6= BH( '(! !E U"# +E <=6D J 3o ,z= Mc <D V <=
I67 oHD O#E! z! x3rD J 3o ND!:E! <= m3 8~#! ,&J B2K 8~#! 26(
81
Uja − L A V7o7 T 3k #3 <" %KU ;=!

F
L 83AK= F @H 3U ,< A= 8@ Vf 3H=
Uj* N 'HKf ,8K( V @MD F ]DJ! A= Vf M
<" /@D V* ` (@ ! ,L@M= L A ]D # Vf d
W :?f i = 0 ? ;D 7!
d OoD UK= = b@ * . M = Uja * L A = <"

I83AK= F <E UK= +!K <" : ¨ <;v Uja − L A V7o7
IUja − L A V7o7 OoD UK= = 3k #3 <" :&
Energy ábÉ£dG -2
V 8K] I ?f FK E V7= ! ,I z= 8K] ?f <" . V :
8K] ?& {*
I. ] V! ,<" BU! V M BU f z ;<" . V ND
Ix I! ,&@o I :=! ,M
8E 3D
<30 V =3f .!77!
(K.E) ácôëdG ábÉW ( CG )
I 8K] + ?E :. A x3MK# ,|@o Vf 8K] EH 8M 8K( V L .H¾ D 7
IK.E &@o M V=KD
I&@o I V -E : ª <;v
:?f a A =~7 ] 83AK Fc Vf ? ; |@oD L3 z ?E b@
v2f - v2i = 2ad
I@
= 39 J @K V vi 3U

I3967 @K V vf
v2f
v f = 2ad
2
d=
2a
I&@U I z= |@o 8K( +E : ¬ <;v

82
:?f 6&@U 17ME L3K V L@M= L A V! ,(F) Vf A K := Vf@I %@r !
1 F 2
Fd = v
2 a f
:V#- D 3# ? # !
F
m=
a
:3A K 3 !
1
Fd = mvf2
2
,L3K z@o j M .!H= <" A K := Vf Fd A= <-= 3U
1
I 8 @D V! ,.!H= <" 63* . oD V M L
mvf2 =$ @M <-=!
2
IK.E &@o
: v N@ 8K( &@U I %KU ;= L 0 !

1
K.E = mv2
:ô«μØàdG øcQ 2
3923f 3=& &@o I < k :@I '7D &@o I ?E r A K ! ❃
?{=?33 TE 6] IN@ x @ x! 8K] & x
V : $ :! ,. ] V &@o I u3 LU! ❃
ML2T -2
1
6 |@o V @K x @ x k :@I '7 .!H= <" ?E F.d = mv = K.E r ✦
2
2
!: V Fr M &@o 6fA* :@! ,60km/h @K |@oD L3 |7 O#& {f I8K]
@K |@oD O#& V zD E E +!KD / <H fK F27D 6#E ]7f ,<@
I30km/h
10 m 30 km/h
40 m 60 km/h
160 m 120 km/h
83
I72 km/h @K @3KD (2000kg) 6& L3 &@U I (!E
:πëdG
1000 × 72
v= = 20 m/s m/s LU @K %KU
60 × 60
∴ K.E = 12 mv2 :&@o I %KU
= 12 (2000) (20)2 = 400000 J
:º°ùL ácôM ábÉW ¢SÉ«b
=& |;Ua 8 M 39 L:! V |@o (m) N& %& T 3k = &@o I u3 ;=
! 39 !@6& 3c T 39 6 L: V N&@U 17ME v %&@ @ u3 8 3U ,8@
I39 6 L: V N&@U 17ME N@ 3A#! ,L@ <& Vf %&@ & @3# 8M I3 @6&
m
o= V -= v 2 @K x @ 3 3#3 8@ !
1 ; % A! VE@ o= V -=
I 2K.E= <3= &@o I / N3 ,83AK Fc 6-= 3#3H ?E ]# ,VAf$
UM F3c
v2
%&
% AM
39 L:!
(A) (B)
2K.E = <3=
1
m
(P.E) ™°VƒdG ábÉW (Ü)

<3H V! P.E x I V=KD M ! ,L] 6 = ]3# 6c I ?2D ?E TK($ x3MKD
x! I V=KD! x! I ?2D V ! ,( ! 'K;D NDm2( <] |@H#j M !E ¿=;# ,.-=
8K( xf 7 @ch .-! I@AK= N! V* : w; M VU v |@H#2 .H 8M ! #@
HK7 13v$ x MHD@ M ! ,3-D x! I V=KD! x! I 'K; N#f b$ M VE V*
I#2 x! M -$ <;" I3 {] .]= HK7 +E b$ MK

84
7 B#!@;a |@oD {= &º= 0 67D {= :!"= wIM= F3 |@o {= U r= |@H#2 |@o {=
?A L@9 MH <3
D ?<$ |@oD! ?N3 L@M= L A j* 7 ?N3 L@M= L A j* 7
x I V -E : <;v
m ?f ,b$ M h `D V* m N& 8K( xf {*
N! I N 8K(
6f V ! ,] N = ]3# P.E x! I 'K; 8K]
h 8K] x! I ?f 8M ! ,U AK N ½ =À {*
v .H ?E x3MK
@
= N! I 8K( V .!H= <" ?E +E ;<v . V ND B:U ] N Vf
m b$ M IMA7 7 N x I = MA# V* Nf@ 8K]
h `DE V* m 8K( xf : <;v P.E = W = F.h
:?f mg N#j! +!KD V$ 8K] xf@ jJ F L <E ?* 3U!
P.E = F.h = (mg) (h) = mgh
ML2T-2 V : $ :! ,. ] V x I u3 LU!!
:ÖLCGh ôμa
Ib$ M (2.2m) `D (50 kg) N& 8K( xf@ .!H= <" 'KU
xf@ (450N) A L V* Zo# <;" Vf I<v . T2 L3 Vf N }!7
xf@ ✦
T (150N) 1Vf;D <E L A }!70 # xf@# ?E ;=! ,3k E (1m) A `D }!70
I3m @H&E Uj* V* Zo3 ; <9 + K
L }!70 xf 'M <9= + K= T : <;v ?j! Áf;D L 'M V$ 3k E }!70 xf : <;v
I@H&E Uja @MD ?E! J L A ; ,N#j! <E I.!H= <" ? ;! ,}!70
W = 150N × 3m = 450J W = 450N × 1m = 450J
85
: 8K] x I! &@o I 3 #A=
x I &@o I #A= N(!

!E N ]3# 8K] 6;= V M V ]3# 8K] 6;= V M V
/@
INU IN&@o
P.E = m g h K.E =
1
m v2 3@
2
L@M= <
: <& L:2 ::2D : <& L:2 ::2D
m 8K] & m 8K] &
h b$ M `DJ v 8K] @
. ] . ] u3A LU!

ML T
2 -2
ML T
2 -2
: $ :
áÄ«ÑdG áeóN ≈a AÉjõ«ØdG
I.!@H! ,@]o 8o :<- L:]= @3 M :0 VDD ?K#a 6K V BM 8~ ✦
Lr : = @3-& 6 57 V! ,3~7 @3 M :0 L:]= @3 M :0 @HD!
:0= T o# − +@H; 370 .! +
c − V= ]D |76f ;?K#a o0 ! m3H
\@ I T .-= <3H V! ,O # Vf m3H V no! M V . 0o 33HM
I?K#Â 3= L3o j BM
V* 6 oD! ,1 @6; 3 D Vf 3= FK!
6D@3MD! ,= M :0

3m3H

86
‫ﻗﺎﻧﻮن ﺑﻘﺎء اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ‬

Law of Conservation of Energy

|7! ,<v . V LA V M ?E FH =3f 7f@
+ o : ` #E z{ @3! 27H! 8of ,M L : ‫ﻧﻮاﺗﺞ اﻟﺘﻌﻠﻢ اﻟﻤﺘﻮﻗﻌﺔ‬
@U }@oD ?E . oD ?E ;= ,#2 393=3& I V
‫ﻓﻰ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺔ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺗﻜﻮن ﻗﺎد ًرا‬
BMA! B3K &@U Vf -= V;3#;3 <v V* 3k 93=3& :‫ﻋﻠﻰ أن‬
I@3! 7 &@o! x I B@3D FHMD ‹
z{ @H! ,VE V* 8K(
J-
IM 1A ? #A
-$ V M 1A ? # FHMD ‹
I3= L3o Vf
M 1A ? # ‹

IMA |@o w;3#;3 <v V* +: 8o }@U : <;v Law of Conservation of Energy
@U I V* \H0= Vf 39 @6; M . oD z&!

I3&@U I V* 1= .v Vf x I . oD! I39 !
xrD! ,+@cE V* L

M < o L -E |7! x I %KU :( !
I&@o I!
:?E V 7 +! M 1A ? # V* BJ o <-
http://www.brainpop.com/games/coastercreator/
'* #(J) #( ,W #$ ,?7 F 57 F cM" 8K] 3;3#;3= M :J"7 fS
"@BL* 3Dw #$ =,7 I<9 + K V |@o
https://sites.google.com/site/physicsflash/home/
mechanical-energy
87
á«μ«fÉμ«ªdG ábÉ£dG AÉ≤H ¿ƒfÉb -2

2 T 3;3#;3= M 1A ? # o
BHM* ;=
d :V =& &@o I! x I 83
1 yf vi 39 @K (1) MA# V$ m N& 8K( 7
396# @K (2) MA7 V* <03 3$ 3 {] ]D ;
yi
b$ M I <AD =73 ,`DJ L:2 ::2D 8K] x! I ?f ,vf
IN@ 7 N&@U
¯ <;v
:?E +E
vf2 - vi2 = 2 a d
:?E +E ;307D ] |@o N#f 3$ 3 {] .] ]D ; Vf V$ |@o 8K] :?* 3U!
a = -g
vf2 - vi2 = 2 (-g) d
vf2 - vi2 = -2g d
1
( m) Vf %@r
2
1 1
mvf2 − mvi2 = -mgd
2 2
1 1
mvf2 − mvi2 = -mg yf − yi
2 2
1 1
mvf2 − mvi2 = − mg yf + mg yi
2 2 I <AD =73 `DJ L:2 x I ::2D : <;v
I&@o
1 1
mg yf + mvf2 = mg yi + mvi2
2 2
:'* B*
P.Ef + K.Ef = P.Ei + K.Ei
:'() %1M
I2 MA# 7 &@o! x VI ` =] = 1 MA# 7 &@o! x VI ` =]
+!K K Vf MA# +E 7 8K] &@o! x VI ` =] :((J cM A M 'c
I3;3#;3= M V=K M A

@"bMt D $ = N, cI + ra cI = ((J cM"

88
ábÉ£dG AÉ≤H ¿ƒfÉb ≈fÉãdG π°üØdG
;x I %KU V ? ; z{ ?f 8K] &@U I B:j =& N#E 57K# L@3c$ !
M 1A ? # I3o
;! <AD x I ?E +E
.= ,<$ 8K] FA {f ,1470 Jx! I N b$ M (30 m) `D V & 8K(
y = 30 m
:V 'KU ,1 6 !A
i
A Ib$ M (20 m) `D 7 8K] &@U I
vi = 0
Ib$ NM
~o 8K] @
yf = 20m
B vf = ?
:πëdG
A MA7 7
P.E = mgh = 1470 J

yf2 = 0 m × 9.8 × 30 = 1470 J
C vf2 = ?
m = 5kg
b$ M
B ، A 3MA7 V 3;3#;3= M 1A ? # F3HM
1 1
mg yf + mvf2 = mg yi + mvi2
2 2
1
5 × 9.8 × 20 + × mvf2 = 5 × 9.8 × 30 + O
2
1
mvf2 = 490 J
2
490 JV (20 m) `D 7 8K] &@U I Ñ
:V (20 m) `D 7 8K] x! I
P.Ef = 1470 - 490 = 980J
:b$ NM
~o 8K] @ %Ko
C , A 3MA7 V 3;3#;3= M 1A ? # F3HM
1
5 × 9.8 × 30 + 0 = 0 + × 5 × vf 22 Ñ vf 2 = 24.25 m/s
2
:ô«μØàdG øcQ
`D V* <0 b$ M 7 L: ( 7& L@& 6;KD ?E ;= BK MM z ?E <3D
?? ; @H&E L@; xf@ !H= M ? ;D K +$ IO M
a K=
b K=
(3 m))
(5 m)
(5 c K=
I!K 63=(
(c) (b) (a)
89
K.E = 0 :á«∏ª©dG IÉ«ëdG ≈a ábÉ£dG AÉ≤H ¿ƒfÉb

P.E = max
1A ? #A J- @D z#f ,1 6 Vf V$ =K(
AD 7
-=f Ix I! &@o M .:H= . o !E ,M
7
I ? ;D! ,@0 !K x I ? ;D VE V* L@& A#
I 2D V$ &@o Vf L@; EHD 7! V=~ 6# &@o
I . o @=K ;! ,6&@U I %KU V 6!
K.E = max
Vf! ,6 `D V0E V* <0D ?E V* x I V* &@o
P.E = 0 x I ? ;D 3U Vf ,@
+!KD 6&@U I H0D o
VI 3 .:H= . o :¨ <;v I ::2f ,b$ V* L: Vf L@; EHD z{ IV=~ 6#
IV$ !A= 8K] Vf &@o! x b$ M V* <0D ?E V* x I 7D x 3k ]D &@o
I@
+!KD 6! I H0D! ,+@cE L@

: =(pQM a$ 2 JN h(M ra N, cI =, 3PN "P$*
7
VI 3 .:H= . o : <;v x VI 3 .:H= . o :¬ <;v x VI 3 .:H= . o :ª <;v
Iw= @ Vf &@o! x Iu A 86K 17ME &@o! I A %E Vf w 'M 17ME &@o!
ádƒ∏ëe á∏ãeCG
+ K Vf @± U <;" (D ,F3 A L@& < A= <;" 3H
V0E =f ,=6 1 6 !A! (4kg) L@; & O#& {f I:o
vi = 0
:g = 9.8m/s2 : @H ?6o(D 17ME L@; 6HD @
:πëdG
h = 2.5m A C
vmax F3HM ! ,(B) MA7 7 ? ; 6o(D 17ME L@; 6HD @ V0E
B
B , A 3MA7 7 3;3#;3= M 1A ? #
1
mgh + 0 = mvf2 + 0
2
1
4 × 9.8 × 2.5 = × 4 × vf2
2
vf = 7 m/s

90
ábÉ£dG AÉ≤H ¿ƒfÉb ≈fÉãdG π°üØdG
:á«°ù«FôdG º«gÉØªdG
uAD! ,33 3=& ! ,L A <= Fc ]D Vf Uja Vf L A %@ <
U :9xV
IJ . ] LU
IL A ]D Vf U! @ fK 8K( z@o U! D 3# A L NHD + <" :=K
I<v . V LA V :cM
IN&@o ]3# 8K] 6;= V M V :N, cI
INc: #2 I V! ,N @3 ]3# 8K] 6;= V M V :ra cI
:á«°ù«FôdG ø«fGƒ≤dG
I+@c$ L
. oD ?E ;= ;! ,T oKD J! V7D J M :cM A M 'c
+!K K Vf MA# +E 7 8K] &@o! x VI ` =] :((J cM A M 'c
I M A

:á«°ù«FôdG äÉbÓ©dG
W = F.d cos θ
1
K.E = mv2
2
P.E = mg h
N, cI + ra cI = ((J cM
uAD LA
‫اﻟﺠﻮل‬
LU ‫اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ‬ . V ‫ﺷﻐﻞ‬

+ &@> I
‫ﻃﺎﻗﺔ وﺿﻊ‬ ‫ﻃﺎﻗﺔ ﺣﺮﻛﺔ‬
O M = x
<- <-
x! I x! I &@U I &@U I

3-D #@ L@& L3
G 8K( xf !E ¿_;#

b$ M |#j ME
91
¢ùeÉîdGÜÉÑdG
á«eƒ«dG ÉæJÉ«M ≈a É¡JÉ≤«Ñ£Jh ájQGôëdG ábÉ£dG
The Thermal Energy and Its Applications in our Daily Life

‫ﺗﻌﺘﺒﺮ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻫﻢ ﺻﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﻓﻰ ﺣﻴﺎﺗﻨﺎ ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻣﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻟﺤﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﻓﻰ ﺗﺪﻓﺌﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﺯﻝ ﻭﻃﻬﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻄﻌﺎﻡ ﻭﺗﺴﺨﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺀ ﻭﺗﺠﻔﻴﻒ ﺍﻟﻤﻼﺑﺲ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﻓﻰ ﺗﻜﺮﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﺒﺘﺮﻭﻝ ﻭﺻﻬﺮ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺩﻥ ﻭﺗﺸﻜﻴﻠﻬﺎ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﻓﻰ ﺻﻨﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﺰﺟﺎﺝ ﻭﻓﻰ ﻏﻴﺮﻫﺎ‪......‬‬
‫ﻭﻳﺴﻌﻰ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻓﻬﻢ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﺍﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻘﺪﻳﺮ ﺟﻬﻮﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎﺀ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻟﻜﺸﻒ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺘﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻌﻨﻰ ﺩﺭﺟﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤﺮﺍﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻔﺴﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﻈﻮﺍﻫﺮ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺗﺒﻄﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺤﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﻣﺜﻞ‪ :‬ﺍﻋﺘﺪﺍﻝ ﺩﺭﺟﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺣﻠﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻤﺪﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤﺮﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﺎﺗﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺔ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺔ ﺑﻤﻔﺎﻫﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﺍﺭﺓ‪.‬‬
‫‪JJ
HK‬‬ ‫‪JJ (5 D $ 6" "J/‬‬
‫‪3HI "& Vf . ( =3( : 6( @AD‬‬ ‫‪IV= @3K‬‬

‫‪IL@o‬‬ ‫‪IZ7J‬‬
‫‪x=]= c Vf 3( 7;! 8 !: @AD‬‬ ‫‪IB;"= <U‬‬
‫ ‪I+@o := BA3HMD : .c‬‬ ‫‪IF3HM‬‬
‫;‪I7 @3‬‬
‫‪IHc! B3@ \@I L6‬‬
‫‪IB#3H b@ L6‬‬
‫اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﺪاﺧﻠﻴﺔ ودرﺟﺔ اﻟﺤﺮارة‬

Internal Energy and Temperature
7 /"& ?E 7 ?K#a T= 0 L@o 3HI O

LH L@o ? =
:AJ : A! ,2 8 Vf : ‫ﻧﻮاﺗﺞ اﻟﺘﻌﻠﻢ اﻟﻤﺘﻮﻗﻌﺔ‬
b! ,:H V* cK 8K] %K7D : B=3K( ‫ﻓﻰ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺔ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺗﻜﻮن ﻗﺎد ًرا ﻋﻠﻰ‬
:‫أن‬
L@o 63f D V 3D3o B"= x :AJ
V;3#;3= <" 3 OH-D
I: 3=K( |;U
I@o M!
T~7 3c M : 0A= \@"D
I+@o
I8K( L@U ( : 0A= \@"D
IL@o 3=&! L@o (: 3 23=D
(: u3A L:E 83=0D 33& D
IL@o
I|;UJ L 5D# V;3#;3 <v . 7 L@o D : <;v
1843 T Vf James Prescott Joule . ( =3( OHME A! (: u3A 5 =~#E L 3 ?AD
IL@o
L@o ?E +E ;L@o! V;3#;3= <" 3 f; L@;f
%Ko T 3U ,A¾ ?& =& : B=3K( OK3! I : ‫ﻣﺼﻄﻠﺤﺎت اﻟﻔﺼﻞ‬
?E (!! TID 3# LU <"! @K LU L@o 3=& Temperature L@o (:
<
D z{ V 17 ! .!H= <" 4.18 = L = L@o Thermometer @ @
@ ID 3# LU! O3= A! ,@ ID 3# 4.18 =@K ?E V* Internal Energy 3c M
Heat @o M
I6 T V : 6] 3D . ] =3f
Mechanical Work V;3#;3= <"
@ @D I. ( =3( @]D :"J/ /

<AM
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PThq8fJpCLw
I|;UJ 1= ?3 :"J$ MK7

h
T 8]U
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PUmzuGd4wcg
1=
I. ( @]D j6( : <;v

94
IQGô◊G áLQOh á«∏NGódG ábÉ£dG ∫hC’G π°üØdG
Heat IQGôëdG -1
3k 9AD %K7D V M :6# L@o /@D ;= FH V 17
cal @K BU L@o 3=& uAD! ,:H 8K] V* cK 8K]
,M u3A L@3
LU! . ] @H! ,J . ] !E
: }@U {* -=f
I2000 J V U 57 N#f <; %AM
I%AM : }@U : <;v
Internal Energy á«∏NGódG ábÉ£dG -2

3 ( N#E =& K.E &@U I 6 ? ; z ! ,L@=K &@U U Vf Bm2( : = x3=( ? ;D
L:= Bm2] x ! &@o BI ` =] V FM! , P.E x! I 67 57 :H + Bm2]
IAD 7 <AD! L@o 'K;D 7 L:= 3c M ::2D! , U 2@ 6 2@! ,3c M 8
Temperature IQGôëdG áLQO -3

I F = u3A V! ,L:!@H !E # K 3U 8K] U V .D 3923f 3=& V L@o (:
(: xD@f 6Dm2( &@U I L:j V* +: = 3c 6I ::2D L: 3KD 7f ,L:= Bm2( &@U
I6D@U
#L- A$

N, )- );
/?" - $

d 1u7 3RJ 3DI
DR
N, MM );
);
,7 AJ );

@3RJ );
M ,7
,7 RDM "t
@dL- AJ '() $/ ~-*
IL@o (: B:j Bm2] &@U B:j =& : <;v
95
É¡JÉ≤«Ñ£Jh á«°ù«WÉæ¨ŸG Iƒ≤dG ¢SOÉ°ùdG ÜÉÑdG
?IQGôëdG áLQOh IQGôëdG á«ªc ø«H ¥ôØdG Ée

: , "/ %& ,AJ JN ,AJ B?$ #M g5 +!V) 3D, JN 3D,
DR #M g5 '
M ?f , ¯ <;v Vf =& 7= + K= V* xD@= + K= %K7 1= ?& {*
I<E ND@U (: + 8K] V* @H&E ND@U (: + 8K] <A7D @o
¹ Vf 1= + K +!KD {*
+!KD {* z&! ,1= 6K# 3=; + oD 6#E V7 J 6f ?!E
I <;v Vf =& M 3=; # + oD 6#E V7 J 6f L@o (: Vf TK(E
1= FfD ]D
J* ?]7! L@U (: +!KD 8 : <;v + K= 1= <A7 H70 f 7 : ¯ <;v
IM 3=; # ? o J =6#E I7= + K= V* xD@=
:iQGôëdG ¿GõJ’G
xAD! ,LU! H0D F3 L@U (: ?f c +v % & V* :H '3o 3=& f* 7
M 3=& 'K& '3o ?E z{ V7! ,cK +"! :H '3o L@U (: 3 (
I@o M 3=; Af +" =73 ,@o
V* cK 8K] 3k 9AD %K7D L@o ?f c 8K( x : 8K( D 7 N#E z{ V7
3=; !K HK;= @o M 3=& ? ;D! ,3=K] L@U (: +!KD VU :H 8K]
3=K] 63f ? ; V o N# @o ?2DJ @! ,M 1A ? #A A f! z{! L: A= L@o
IL@o (: # 3k 923f 30=
:≈LƒdƒæμàdG º«ª°üàdG
UD =& ,@K @607 1 6 Vf ` = 8@& $ ?E UD ✦
F3K L@o .j T~# 8=
,1 6 Vf N&@D 7 :@H cK +" ?E
=~#$ zD UE 83=0D Vf z9j x |@v ,m3H Bc T
IF ! 8K] 3 +@o .:H <3A
8@& $ 60# : ¨ <;v

96
:IQGôëdG áLQO ¢SÉ«b -4

7K(E L@U (: V @ z{! ,3 3 L3o Vf =6= 13v$ L@o (: u3
V V = U @HD! ,B70 H H7= L@o (: oD z&! , ] L@U (:!
,L:H TK($! 7cK TK($ 3 233= 7 =KD V V! , L@o (: T 6 .!E 7ME
(: 3 VHK7 cJ 7 3HD < ,8K] 3 L@o (: A V 7D ?E ;= J 3 ;!
I3 L@U (:! u == 8K] L@U
?IQGôëdG áLQód ¥OÉ°U ¢SÉ«≤e ¢SÉ°ùME’G πg
=6&@D! : 1 Vf +@c$ 3 x! ,c 1 Vf z +U* x
1= L@U ( @"D /3& ,Áf 1= V* ?g =6A# 8M ,? M L
(: u3 Vf = U V :=J ;= < ? <& Vf Áf
?L@o
: Áf: c
:Thermometers äGôàeƒeôàdG
3923f 3
c 6 L: 3c V N= L@;f =D! ,L@o (: u3A A3: L:& @ @ TK
V B@ @ ( ! ,"@ @D L:" V=KD L:= ! ,L@o (: @3 T~# @3D
I@ @ L:=! 6K3AD V L@o B(: + 3U /D
@3 3 @6; !A= @3D : <;v L@o (: @3 Fr @3 :¬ <;v L@o (: @3 . M @3 :ª <;v
w73DH @ @ Vf L@o (: +j @ @ Vf <9K @ @ Vf
≈ægP ∞°üY
:#$ #(J$ R/ !N* HN

IVE <;" @o M V =D V B70
: ,) &$
IL@o (: u3A L26(E ?K#a `@ 8
97
:IQGôëdG áLQO ¢SÉ«≤d IGOCG º«ª°üJ
F@I z{! ,L@o (: @3 T~# 6=3 @3D 39 @6& !A T @ @D 83=0D z7;=
o= V L@o (: 3 3#3H 8! , L@U B(: 7 !A= =3 u3
I+:0 o= V !A=! w73K
=3 3 8M , ND@U (: u3 :@= <9K <c: !A= x ,<9K 6] L@U (: u3A!
IT A= L@o (: =3 (!E L@= V7o7 T ! ,R!A=
TRU$ J
,$

3)J
R
T T˚CU 3D,
DR
%
E «(
:≈LƒdƒæμàdG º«ª°üàdG
.0
((j! ,V3-a . o; :<- m3H Bc : T

IF3K @ @D 83=0 III
! ,3;3
((j
3;3
V3-* . o&
:Temperature Scales IQGôëdG áLQO ¢SÉ«≤e èjQóJ áª¶fCG

:‫ﹾ‬F âjÉ¡fô¡a ¢SÉ«≤e (CG)
Vf! ,1714 T u3A= Gabriel Fahrenheit O6#@6f .@H( w#=$ w923 8 @;
=] V L@o (: (32) 8@ O6#@6f @H u3A=
ÜÉàμdG ™bƒe ≈∏Y á«fhôàμdEG áÑ©d
® @0 <(! ,N#3 L@U (: ! (212) 8@! 1= 7
<E
u3A =~#E! V @ @
.2 J! I=! 1=! 5- F3c 63 <0U L@U (:
I3;@$ Lo= BJ ! !E Vf K 5

98
:‫ﹾ‬C (iƒÄªdG) ¢Sƒjõ∏«°S ¢SÉ«≤e (Ü)

¹
@"! ?=- N3A= O6#@6f ;
u 23 N#E , K z 8 T ® , 7
O( IL@o B( 3A
,Anders Celsius
(: O(! ,@
(: 7 5- 60# MA# N3f
100°C (: 7 1= ?3
@ @ VH#( V O6#@6f 5D! u 23 5D : <;v
] L@U (: u3A NK# :‫ﹾ‬K øØ∏c ¢SÉ«≤e (`L)
Lord Kelvin & : ,V#M@H 8 u3A= @;
:ô«μØàdG øcQ
L@o (: ! ,FM= @0 & u3A EH! ,T 1848 T
L@o (: @3D 7
Bm2]! ,6DJU /E Vf L:= Bm2( &@U 7 ? ;D V
V LU! (: A=
;HK 83A u3A= ! IN3 ? ;D ?E ;= :@ E Vf
@3D 8& Iu 23 5D
?O6#@6f 5D V V 5- 60# (:! I3= B Ko Vf N <r
<0! I& 373 < AD 1= ?3 (:! I& 273 < AD ,u3A=
I!K (: 9 3½=3A 3½D 3
& u3A u 23 u3A O6#@6f u3A
?3 (: 373 K 100 °C 212 °F

180 = u3A +
100 = u3A +
100 = u3A +
310 K 37.0 °C 98.6 °F

?K#J L@U (:
1= =]D (: 273 K 0 °C 32 °C
:3Dg B & ;= F K <;"

T = 273º + TC
9
TF = 32º + T
5 C
IO6#@6f ( V TF ,u 23 ( V TC ,& ( V T :3U
99
‫اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﺤﺮارﻳﺔ‬
Thermal Energy
(: ?f 37j L@ 1= <- '6 V 8K( xrD 7
L V L@o (: Vf @3 A / ! ,::2D 8K] L@U : ‫ﻧﻮاﺗﺞ اﻟﺘﻌﻠﻢ اﻟﻤﺘﻮﻗﻌﺔ‬
:V < ‫ﻓﻰ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺔ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺗﻜﻮن ﻗﺎدرا ﻋﻠﻰ‬
:‫أن‬
x 3k K; H7D ΔT L@o (: Vf @3 '7 3U :; I3 7 L@o /@D FH7KD
1
ΔTα : HK;= M B HM 7 z{! m 8K] & I@o K /@D FH7KD
m
x k :@I H7D ΔT L@o (: Vf @3 '7 :L@o 3=& 8K] 3 7 L@o 3 @]D 8=0D
I'
ΔT α Q :; B HM 7 z{! Q HK;= L@o 3=&

60# 7; L@o V7 \@"D
I30 7; L@o V7 \@"D!
7; L@o 3 @]D 8=0D
I60#
7; L@o 3 @]D 8=0D
I30
I(- <= L@;f @&D
I3K 1= L@U (: xD@D : <;v : ‫ﻣﺼﻄﻠﺤﺎت اﻟﻔﺼﻞ‬

ΔT α Q :'* ? # M? #cf #$ Specific heat capacity 3 7 L@o
m
Q α m.ΔT :?E +E Heat Capacity @o K
Q = O M.m.ΔT :{* Latent heat 7; L@o
L@o V=K ;8K] L: ` # c O - /! :‫ﻣﺼﺎدر اﻟﺘﻌﻠﻢ اﻟﻜﺘﺮوﻧﻴﺔ‬
Q = c.m.ΔT Ic 3 7
D@= 3 7 L@o :"J/ MK7
IL: A=
!E HK;=
H L@o
@ 3=&
3 %Ko
% 0D!
I1=
1 kg 3DI
DR rS $if )D, cM JN 2 :TcU / 3D,
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HCDJmM546zI
Q
c= :cfM / !) , 3I
DR 3RJ #$
m ΔT
J/kg. K :2 / 3D, Oc 3I

100
ájQGô◊G ábÉ£dG ≈fÉãdG π°üØdG
7f ;@HD !E 673KD @ Vf /D 6#E ]# ,= : = 3 7 L@o cJ @~#!

,1= @3-; `@E K o ?E ]# ,'6 V o 6 !K &! 1= & x!
I1= `@E o :@H z&!
Tf = 35 °C Tf = 116 °C
Ti = 25 °C
1
U
I3K @ V 3 7 L@o @ME : <;v
3 7 L@o L:=

VE ?E! ,6
c 3 # L@U L: <; ?E .!] U#
(J/kg.K)
,1= V .!] Vf L: ( = : = 3 7 L@o =3
897 T 3# $ L@o L@3H& 3=; ZoD 1= L@3
3=& ?E V7 !
390 uo7 @ ~ @K ! ,6D@U (: Vf F3K @3D Ua
126 ' :67 V! ,BA3HM!
490 o
(: Vf @K B@3 3o B79; TK(E !A 1
130 e
@
I1= L@3H& HK# V 6K(E 1 UJ z{! ;L@o
4200 1=
?K#a 8K( 70٪ 1= <-= : <;v
N#* 3U ,B70 ! ! 7 B=! B3K Vf =& @H B3= Vf 1= T 2
3=& = 7 @3-&
xD@ ND@U (: ?f ,r7 3 # L@U +{ @ch <9 T 8D {*
IL@o L@3
101
. V K! ,<E ( @oH 1 K o /30 TE Vf K 3 KD 7 3
! ,<E ( :@H @oH ?f 1" Vf K 3 :@HD 7 E ,@oH H@A FI7= Vf L@o
IN7 H@A FI7= Vf L:!@H Vf .J V K
?{= ;=" L@o @-&E @" .I$ +E : ¯ <;v
O7I 20 °CL@U (: 7 1= (150 g) V + o (20 g) N& T 37 $ .!2 1!
3967 L@o (: O#& {fI1= Vf OMAE 8M (100 °C) (: V* (30 g) 6& ?= M
'3D@ V T 37 $! 1= 3 7 L@o ? =
I?= 3 7 L@o (!E I25 °CF3
I4200 J/kg.K ، 900 J/kg.K V
:πëdG
T3 = 25 ºC
T1 = 20 ºC
T2 = 100 ºC
mA1 = 0.02 kg mm = 0.03 kg
mw = 0.15 kg
T 37 ° HK;= L@o 3=& + 1= HK;= L@o 3=& = ?= L: A= L@o 3=&
mAl . cAl . ΔTAl + mw . cw. ΔTw = mm.cm.ΔTm
0.02 × 900 × 5 + 0.15 × 4200 × 5 = 0.03× cm × 75
cm = 1440 J/kg.K

102
Heat Capacity ájQGôëdG á©°ùdG

xf@ j @o M A= 8K] q @o K @D
@o K %KU ;=! ,LU! (: N& 8K] L@U (:
q = m.c = Q :
T
I& 8]& ¢. ] 8K] 3 7 L@o c,T@( 3; ; (m) 3U
@o K /D! ,J/K &¢. ( LU @o K uAD!
V#!$ @o K : <;v IL:= L23= 3
c @HD J z ;L:= # <;
IL@3
V6M
:ô«μØàdG øcQ
6#E ( k( L@3
? ;D ?:= To 17ME @" L@U 3=&
(: ?E 8@ V 6 ? @ ev$ Vf @M D J
?z{ @3KD ,3000 °C V <0D 6D@U
K V =f (460 J/kg.K) ?= 6 3 7 L@o O#& {* (0.7 kg) 6& 3# M
I6 @o
:πëdG
q = mc :q @o K
q = 0.7×460 = 322 J/k
7 1= (60 g) 1#a Vf '®
, (90 ºC) (: 7 1= (300 g) V 1#* + o
6HK; !E A V L@o 3=& .=* x F3 3967 L@o (: I (15 ºC)(:
?1#a
:πëdG
c1.m1.ΔT1 = c2.m2.ΔT2 :HK;= L@o 3=& = L: A= L@o 3=&
c1 = c2 :?* 3U!
m1.ΔT1 = m2 . ΔT2
0.3 (90 - X) = 0.06 (X-15) :? ;3f (X) V F3 3967 L@o (: ?E b@ !
900-10X=2X - 30 (0.03 V =KA
930 = 12 X
X = 77.5 °c
103
:Ö∏°U º°ùéd á«YƒædG IQGôëdG ø««©J
N
vwD
t1 t
Fu 3DI
DR #/ 6?K #u- AJ 3DI
DR #/
+ o!m1 N& @K V* 6A# 8M ,T1 73 L@U (: V* e

@ B@& (m & ¶ ½
:? ;f T3 cK 8K] x! =]= L@U (: H0 T2 ND@U (:! m2 N& 1
1= 6HK; V L@o + @K= 6HK; V L@o = e
@ B@& L: A= L@o
Ice
@ 3 7 L@o 33D ;= c1 @K= 3 7 L@o! ,c21= 3 7 L@o 3 = !
π```°UGƒJ
8D V! ,e
@ 3 7 L@o =3 #A= = B~fo= Vf z9j x <
D
A K @] 59# 63 . 0o
Latent heat áæeÉμdG IQGôëdG

,j! 9! H
BJU M Vf L:= ( D
I %K& !E A +@cE V* U L:= < oD ;=!
(- 40°C) ND@U (: 5- 1kg 3KD 7! I@U
@33D !E L@o (: xf V <=D @U I 'K; N#f
@607 N#f L@U 5- 'K; 7 : ¨ <;v
:V <;" r =& ,o
I<9 V* . o!
120
100
80
T˚CU 3D,
DR
60
F S DuM
40
20 DuM A$
0
-20 "t A$ F S A$
-40
0 20 100 200 -"N 3IM !?(J 3D, 740
Tk calU
I5- 1 kg 3KD 17ME L@o (: @3D : ª <;v

104
, 3D,
DR "IJ
FAf 5M .0 C (: V* <0D VU -40 °C 5- L@U (: xD@D 5- 3KD
1 + 5M I=D 5- @607 VU 0 °C (: 7 L@o (: OH-D 5- 60#
FAf 1 .100 C (: V* <0D VU 0 °C 1= L@U (: xD@D 1= 3KD
+ 1 I1= <& @H VU 100 °C (: 7 L@o (: OH-D 1= @HD
FAf I3K @= `DJ ::2! 100 °C H L@U (: xD@D H 3KD
F !@ zf Vf O;6 L@o 3=& |7 ?$ @~#

+@cE V* U 1= . oD 17ME 1= Bm2( 3 373H
373(!3 F ! Af ,L@o (: @3D Vf L@o z @ME @6~ ?E ?!:
I"7; L@o" M0 L@o V FI¾ E
I1= Bm2( 3 F !@ : ¬ <;v :(L) áæeÉμdG IQGôëdG ÜÉ°ùM

L= Q : 7; L@o %KU ;=
m
J/kg :V 7; L@o LU! ?f V !
!"C , #$ 3RJ #$ T1 kgU 9), $if )D, cM 2 : Lf 3R$ D CF $( 3D,
@3D,
DR S x7 I 'R "4? ,
334 kJ
1 kg
.(334 kJ/kg +!KD 3] 60#J 7; L@o : <;v
?334 kJ/kg +!KD 3] 60#J 7; L@o ?E V7 :@;f

"4? , #$ 3RJ #$ T1 kgU9), $if )D, cM 2 :Lv 3R$ C $( 3D,
@3D,
DR S x7 I 'R )ix ,
105
2256 kJ¢kg +!KD 1= @H 7; L@o : <;v
L@o =D 6#f <9K Bm2] @HD 7 N#* 3U ,@HD 3= @3H 3= 'U0
. o; B@M xrD 7 z{ UD ?E z7;=! ,<9K :@H V ! F 30 7;
I6D:!@H @"D 3U ,| U V V3-a
:»Lƒdƒ«ÑdG º∏Y ™e πeÉμàdG

}@ <=! ,}@ Vf EH ?K#a 8K( K 7
L@o }@ = 3U ,L92 L@o V
V* z{ :! @H V ! ,30 7; L@o 8K]
@H 3@ : : (! AD V B# 3o T AD! ,8K] @HD
:@HD! 3@ : 6 3 %;f +@cE }@I M 6K(E
@H o V ! V 6 fE ! 6M6 6K#
?K#a }@ : <;v
L92 L@o I39 6 H0A .c ! 8
(100 ºC) (: Vf V* (0˚C) (: Vf 3] (100 g) < o j L@o 3=& 'KU
(4200 J/ 1= 3 7 L@o! ,3.34 × 105 J/kg+!KD 3] 60#J 7; L@o O= {*
I2.25 × 106 J/kg1= 30 7; L@o ,kg.K)
:πëdG
1= 3K j L@o + 0 °C 73] 60#J j L@o =3; L@o 3=&
100 °C 7 1= @3H j L@o + 100 °C V* 0
Q = Lf . m + c. m. ΔT + Lv .m
Q = 3.34 × 105 × 0.1 + 4200 × 0.1 × 100 + 2.25 × 106 × 0.1
Q = 300400 J

106
:ó«∏édG QÉ¡°üfÓd áæeÉμdG IQGôëdG ø««©J (1)
ND@U (:! m2 N& 1 V + o! m1 N& @K Vf m 6& ¿!@]= 5- 3=& x
L@U (: b#! 5- ? !{ L@f UD ,T1
:? ; 3o ,T2 H0 1=! @K=
6HK; V L@o = 1=! @K= L: A= L@o
';$
V L@o + @0 (: Vf 1 V* . o3 5-
"t
(: Vf 1 V* . o3 @0 (: Vf 1= 6HK;
IF3 L@U
mLf + mc2 (T2) = m1 c1 (T1 - T2) + m2 c2 (T1 - T2)
:ô«îÑà∏d áæeÉμdG IQGôëdG ø««©J (2)

M V m 1= 3=& @=D 7
Vf : ( T1 ND@U (:! m1 N& : 1
@o M Vf Af o ,m2 N& @K
Vf 1 V* (100°C) (: Vf . o3
Vf 1 . o z{ !(100°C) (:
L@U (: Vf 1 V* (100°C) L@U (:
:? ;D! T2 ,F3
I1= 6HK; V L@o + @K= 6HK; V L@o = H L: A= L@o
mLV + mc2 (100 - T2) = m1 c1 (T2 - T1) + m2 c2 (T2 - T1)
Lv 30 7; L@o 33D ;= ,@K=! 1= 3 7 L@o 3 =
IA K :=
:áæeÉμdG IQGôëdG ≈∏Y äÉ≤«Ñ£J

e5u$ Fxa r57$ Fxa
N& #7:@f VK#@ 6@c ,39 @6& h V (-
#$ 3D, 9 7 RJ y5$

fP 9LR A IFerdinand Carré
')5
e5u$ Fxa r57$ Fxa
. oD 7 L@o <9 K =D" :--Q 3(5
u!$ oP($
V* 6 oD 7 L@o :@MD! , V* <9
e5u$ Fxa r57$ Fxa
#$ 3D, 9 7
@3H x@ <9 ! <9K ? @ @= 7f ,<9
Fma
A
fP

Du
. U L: ( = @H '3 #E .c -30°C N#3 (:
,=]= Vf L: ( = $ L@U = =]=
I(- Vf ? @ L!: : <;v
I V* ? @ . o!
107
<c: ? @ := DuM ')S

@3H '3 #E
¹ .= ? @ <9 @H
.
(: 7f
JKJ oP(J I=]= L@U =!
IND@U
M ? @ F 8

@H B V* Fr
A! ,(- /c L: ( =
6(, WJw I6HK& V L@o
94- ')S
')5 Fxa u$
(- Vf @H L!: : <;v
:V 3K39 12(E K=c 3;3#;3 @HD L@9: +E ? ;D :--Q )! 3DR ($
:<- r7 L@U (: 7 @H <9 ::@H= <9K 1
3f; 7; L@o <9K = @H 7! ,? @
I+@cE L @ 7; L@o :@I 8 /3-; 7 =73 ,@H
:@H= <9K ?@ Vf 8;o N7 b@ :8;o T=
2
Fr +{ @H= V* V Fr +{ /-;= '#(
I7=
T=
T:A :@H= <9K .HA N7 b@ :@H= 3
@H 7; ND@U :@H= <9K =K! ,8;o
Ij V* . o3 F3o= F
@H= T:A j /3-;D! F N3! :Fr 4
I7; L@o A! <9 V* +@cE L@ . o3
327= (- : ¯ <;v '3 #E F@I L@o N3! :/-;= 5
I3o# b 63 OH- ,3#!2U

108
ådÉãdG π°üØdG
‫اﻟﺘﻤﺪد اﻟﺤﺮارى‬
Thermal Expansion
j2 @ ::2D @o M 3=& 8K( 'K; 7

8~ :=D z ]3#! ,6r HD V* +:! ,NDm2( : ‫ﻧﻮاﺗﺞ اﻟﺘﻌﻠﻢ اﻟﻤﺘﻮﻗﻌﺔ‬
L V :=D A =! ,@H ²=;7D! 3K : =
‫ﻓﻰ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺔ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺗﻜﻮن ﻗﺎد ًرا‬
,L@o (: Vf @3 A! 376 : E! L:= ` 7& < :‫ﻋﻠﻰ أن‬
I`DJ! b@! . M& 8K] : E f& V := o! . M Vf @3 3 :oD
(: @3D x 8]o! UK=!
L@o (: @3 6v=;#! H0 TK($ :=D L@ ?3H!
IL@o
L@; @ z{! ,<;" 3H= Ao! L@; j6( T ;= Vf @o := L@ FHMD
,3K +@cE L@ @* !o 8M ,3K <H Ao I= L3o BJ]
I@H ²=;7D! 3K :=D L@; ?E V* <
;= z !
Thermal Expansion +@o :=

Thermostat B @
Linear Expansion V I :=D
Surface Expansion VoM :=D
Volume Expansion V=]U :=D
Iuo7 ? 70= Ao! L@; j6( : <;v

,V M := V :@o := ` #E MM u# !
IAo! L@; @]D :"J/ /
IV=]o :=! VoMK :=!
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3pnj4ytORQw
I+@o := :"J$ MK7

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gP9t-
CabGGA
V=]o := VoMK := V M :=

IV=]o! VoMK! V M := : ¨ <;v
109
Linear Expansion ≈dƒ£dG OóªàdG -1

∆LA= @3 N I ?f (∆T) V* ND@U (: B@3D {f (L0) N I 3k # ; 7 ?E b@#
L0
T0 = L@o (: 3K <H
L
ΔL
T = L@o (: 3K
3K V# z :=D : ª <;v
:V / 3K ΔL 8K] V M := ?E 3= @] (! !
Δ L α L0 : L0 8K] . I
ΔLαΔT : ΔT L@o (: Vf `DJ A
Δ L α L0 Δ T :?E ]# z{ !
Δ L = O M * L0 Δ T
α V73D @o N 2@! ,V M := < 8 N3 FM! ,L:= ` # V O - / !
IE
Δ L = α L0 Δ T
: RJM M RJ 9$$ M)

ΔL
α=
L0 Δ T
Vf @3D <; L:= U! @ . I Vf @3 A N#E V V M := < /@D 77;= N3!
IK–1 !E ºC –1 V V M := < LU! ? ;D! ,u 233 (: A= L@o (:
L:!"= |$ V L@o @3MD

110
iQGô◊G OóªàdG ådÉãdG π°üØdG
V M := < L:= V M := < L:=

α * 10 -6 °C -1 α * 10-6 °C -1
12 `!M U 0.5 2D &
14 '{ 3.6 &@3 Z(j
17 @=UE uo# 8.5 +: Z(j
24
T 37 E 9.0
3D
e
'
U
27 11
IH0 : = H V M := < .!(
:(L) OóªàdG ó©H ∫ƒ£dG áª«b êÉàæà°SG

L = L0 + Δ L
Δ L = α L0 Δ T : Δ L
∴ L = L0 + α L0 Δ T
∴ L = L0 (1 + α Δ T)
(40 ºC) L@o (: ? ;D 7 6 I (0 ºC) L@o (: O#& 7 (30m) 6 I U ?Hr
0.000011 C -1 o V M := < ?E O= {*
:πëdG
ΔL = α L0 Δ T
= 0.000011 × 30 × 40
= 0.013 m
ΔL = L - L0
0.013 = L - 30
L = 30.013 m
Surface Expansion ≈ë£°ùdG OóªàdG-2
3k @! 3k I :=D 6#f <3MK m3 V 3# o3
3KD 7
W W0
A :3 VoMK := < 'Ko!
L0 ∴ ∆ A = β A0 ∆ T
ΔA
L
VoMK := : ¬ <;v
111
:V o7 V A K Z7 ;=

?* 3U ,:= b@ Vf := . M %@r := UK= :]*
L = L0 (1 + α ∆ T) := . M
W = W0 (1 + α ∆ T) := b@
:V A := UK= ? ;D z !
A = L W = L0 (1+α ∆ T) W0 (1+α ∆ T)
A = L0 W0 (1 + 2 α ∆ T + α 2 ∆ T 2)
::!o VH HK7 k( @3
N#$ α 2 ∆ T 2 A= .= !
∴ A = A0 (1 + 2α ∆ T)
IVoMK := < β A= V=K! β = 2 α ?E H !
∴ A = A0 (1 + β ∆ T) = A0 + A0 β ∆ T
∴ ∆ A = A − A0 = A0 β ∆ T
Volume Expansion ≈ªéëdG OóªàdG -3

]# ?E 3k oM TK($ :=D 6 #(! V A@M 7 77;=
8]o Vf @3 @3H ;=! ,6 V=]o := VMD V
:3 :=
∆V = γ V0 ∆T
V=]o := : <;v

γ = 3α +!K! ,TK(° V=]o := < <-=D γ 3U
:iQGôëdG OóªàdG IôgÉX øe IOÉØà°S’G ¥ôW ¢†©H

L@9 <! T A w9 @6& \ LH :B @ 1
L@o (: <~D 3o ,L@o (: @3 HD 39 @6;
3U ,j!]D J L@o B(: 3 + .c M
3 3# . M Vf ?!K ?M@v TK
,=6r x 3 o / +@U :=D < =6
(: L: 7! ,?M@" V7o7 L@o (: `D 7f
3 3# 3M@v 3KD 7 : <;v IV
$ =6! V* ?: V3HM x V* L@o
?37o7 =6#f ,=6r x 3 o
I<$ := < +{ ?= 3U#
112
"x$ 34R I5$ 34R
#L- RDM
RJ7 9$$ & '$

!N* I
9$$ & '$
xw* RJ7
B @ <= L@;f : <;v
1M f '0 ? ; 7 :V((j ?=I@H V#= 1M f 2
c 1 '0 ;"= V ' ;= ,V((j ?=I@H V#=
IN;@oD <6K3f 1M N7 ` 70= ?= :=D V* +:3 z{ ?$ ;N3
L@ L:J ] V#= o= O3H-D ;= :3A- B70 3
] Vf Nc:* ;= N#f ," @H o= ²=;7 7f ,:=
:= L:J : <;v I] Vf =;o
N3H-D H0! := N#f ND@U (: xD@D 7! , 6K
IF 8;o 1M f Vf
o= L@U (: xD@D 7 - 3(!@3# Vf N! 7 o= ²=;7 - 'A- @H&E o= -
:H o= <c -
IT;U ] Vf OH-! := N#f I–200˚C <9 I] Vf : ( =
I] <c: 6K
:iQGôëdG OóªàdG IôgÉX QGô°VCG ¢†©H

`0D <- ,B;"= Vf @o := L@ 'HKD
`MA#! ,o z;K ?Hr 1 *! K] 36#! V#H=
.-= .c @$ \r* ;=! III 39 @6; |$
:V
?Hr B {= : <;v

?L 0 Vf o z;K
113
36°C L@U (: 7 6#
N I Vf L:2 A ,50 m N I x@ F@I Vf #@ \
(α =10 × 10-6 C -1 :? = N I
, 16°C (: Vf 3
:πëdG
Δ L = α L ΔT = 10 × 10-6 × 50 × (36-16)
Δ L = 0.01 meter = 1 cm
I#@ Vf ZH# !E Fv L
Vf L:2 @6~D!
:≈∏j Ée ≈YGôj iQGôëdG OóªàdG IôgÉX øY CÉ°ûæJ ≈àdG äÓμ°ûªdG ≈∏Y Ö∏¨à∏dh
@K }@M! o z;K! K]! V#H= Vf 3#= B
3 BfK |@D 8
I¿=;#J! := .]= VM
IL@o (: b# 7 xMA7D J VU L:!" @3 L=$ 3 B ; ? ;D ?E V@
17ME @]o! O7=$! <@ F3 :=D <= !K o :=D < ? ; ?E V@
IoK= #@ <=
:=D <= !K ?7$ "U :=D < ? ; ?E V@
I?7$
L:!"= |$ V L@o @3MD
3o ,T 37 $ 70= B3K B&@o x70D
o 70= B&@o= <E Vc: @M 6 ? ;
IT 37 ° @3H; := \=K
@3 39 @6; BH; ? ;D {= : <;v K] Vf

f BfK ( D {= : ¯ <;v
?L:!" ?+H;!

114
:á«°ù«FôdG äÉë∏£°üªdG
IBm2] &@U I F = u3A V :L@o (:
I:H 8K] V* cK 8K] %K7D V M V :L@o 3=&
I LU! (: L:= 1kg L@U (: xf@ j L@o 3=& V :L:= 3 7 L@o
ILU! (: N& 8K] L@U (: xf@ j @o M A V :8K] @o K
V* 9K o L:= 1kg < o j @o M 3=& V :@3H 7; L@o
IL@o (: Vf @3D ?!: H o
V* H0 o L:= 1kg < o j @o M 3=& V :60# 7; L@o
IL@o (: Vf @3D ?!: 9K o
:á«°ù«FôdG äÉbÓ©dG
Q = mc ∆T
Q
q = mc =
ΔT
∆ L = L0 α ∆T
∆ A = A0 β ΔT
∆ V = V0 α ΔT
‫اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﺤﺮارﻳﺔ‬
6HK;D
‫اﻟﻤﺎدة‬
‫ﺗﺘﻤﺪد‬ ‫ﺗﺘﻐﻴﺮ اﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﺗﻔﻊ درﺟﺔ اﻟﺤﺮارة‬
V `DJ / « `DJ uA
V=]U VoM ) I L@> K BY Y

7; @>
V / D
60# 30 3 7 L@o ;
115
¢SOÉ°ùdGÜÉÑdG
É¡JÉ≤«Ñ£Jh á«°ù«WÉæ¨ªdG Iƒ≤dG
Magnetic Force and Its Applications

‫ﺇﺫﺍ ﺳﺄﻟﻚ ﺷﺨﺺ ﻓﻰ ﺃﺣﺪ ﺍﻷﻳﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﻤﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﺲ؟ ﻻ ﺷﻚ ﺇﻥ ﺇﺟﺎﺑﺔ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺴﺆﺍﻝ ﺳﺘﺒﺪﻭ ﺇﻟﻴﻚ ﺑﺴﻴﻄﺔ‬
‫ﺟﺪﺍ‪ ،‬ﻓﻤﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺣﺪ ﺇﻻ ﻭﻳﻌﺮﻑ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﻤﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﺲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺮﻏﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﺬﺍ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﻟﻴﺲ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﺴﺎﻃﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻰ ﺗﺒﺪﻭ‬
‫ًّ‬
‫ﺇﻟﻴﻚ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﺬﺍ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﻳﺤﺘﺎﺝ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺭﻑ ﻟﺘﻔﻬﻢ ﺍﻟﻤﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﺲ ﻭﺧﺼﺎﺋﺼﻪ‪.‬‬
‫*‪! 2‬‬
‫‪:'* "/ DRc‬‬

‫‪d '(7 ! 12 ) S‬‬
‫‪IBK3I7= #E /0D‬‬
‫‪IVK3I7= .]= Lv u3 BU! 57KD‬‬
‫‪I6D Vf oHD! ,BK3I7= 90 @&D‬‬
‫‪IVK3I7 '3rA 3K3I7= + A U Mc <;v /0D! ,VK3I7= .]= 8@D‬‬
‫‪I3K3I7= + A U Mc ]D :oD‬‬
‫‪IVK3I7= .]= U Mc 90c @&D‬‬
‫‪I3$ 3K3I7= T 6 @D‬‬
‫‪I3K3I7= L A! VK3I7= 3 f-& 3 57KD‬‬
‫‪I3 3 L3o Vf V9 @6; 3 VK3I7= @M$ L:J }@I @D‬‬
‫‪IÁ# = <c: B3K <A# ;" oHD‬‬
‫‪I6D@] F@I oD V 3M L ;" oHD‬‬
‫‪JJ
HK‬‬ ‫‪JJ (5 D $ 6" "J/‬‬
‫*‪3 3 L3o Vf 3= BA3HM 3=E |:‬‬ ‫‪IV= @3K‬‬

‫ ‪I3I7= B : .c‬‬ ‫‪IZ7J‬‬
‫‪L ;" : .c F =~ @AD‬‬ ‫‪IB;"= <U‬‬
‫‪I6D@] F@I oD V 3M‬‬ ‫‪IF3HM‬‬
‫‪IB@A {D‬‬
‫اﻟﻘﻮة اﻟﻤﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﺴﻴﺔ‬
Magnetic force
+@0 3º 3K7 7 %@A ! T VE @-&E 7 : ‫ﻧﻮاﺗﺞ اﻟﺘﻌﻠﻢ اﻟﻤﺘﻮﻗﻌﺔ‬
%]D V 33HM ]U$ F@a /"& 3 U 3&@D ‫ﻓﻰ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺔ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺗﻜﻮن ﻗﺎد ًرا ﻋﻠﻰ‬
:‫أن‬
8 ]U$ V AIE! ,63* o L@30 xMA
IBK3I7= #E /0D
B{ BK3I7 V . 0o ;=! I <;v 3I7= BK3I7= 90 :D
<;v V 67 37
BK3I7 V=KD =~7 .;vE I6D Vf oHD!
I@3! u@ L!U !E '3r <;v /0D! VK3I7= .]= 8@D
'3rA 3K3I7= + ««A«« U ««M««c
IVK3I7
.««]««=«« U «««M«««c ««9««0««c @«««&«««D
IVK3I7=
I3$ 3K3I7= T 6 @D
oD V 3M L ;" oHD
V70 3I7= : <;v
I6D@] F@I
V3HM 3I7= : <;v
:¢ù«WÉæ¨ª∏d áeÉ©dG ¢üFÉ°üîdG -1
Magnetic pole VK3I7 'M
N07 VAfE± + K Vf @k U A 3D 3I7 F¶ {* CG
Magnetic Field VK3I7 .]
,H @AD Vf@] .=" o# N3f@I UE N] 3o ,@AK N#f VK3I7= .]= Fc
'MA @M V FM! Magnetic Field Line
w#- @M N]! ,N V=" Electric Current V9 @6; 3
H @AD Vf@] % 7] o#
N
S V 7] 'MA 8 N3 FM!
?3I7= :J"7 6"S
I <;v 3I7= S
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KXKqDHJ6oS4
F3 7 =UE N] ?HM 3I7= : <;v
IH @AD Vf@] % 7] V* @cg! ,.=" V* @o

118
á«°ù«WÉæ¨ŸG Iƒ≤dG ∫hC’G π°üØdG
,r
=6r 36 " 33K3I7 3HM '@AD 7 Ü
?º∏©J πg ,=6r ?H =6]D! ,=67 <& V @MD @f7D L ?f
L ?f ,=6r 3 33K3I7 3HM '@AD 7 =73
3I7= VHM 3 233=
! ,=6r ? @A =6]D! ,=67 <& V @MD %{]
V=" 'MA ? H %{] ? # V=K ? # <;v V ·0D ?E ;= A3Ao
? =73 ,@=U$ ? I3K3I7= Vf @f7!
I}j$ ? V 7] 'MA
,@f7D 6 "= K3I7= %M$
S N %{]D = 3K3I7= %M$!
I@f7D M== 3K3I7= %M$ :¯ <;v I%{]D = 3K3I7= %M$ : <;v
o :<- ,: = o# %] N#f 3k 7( TE 3k =v ?&E 1 VK3I7 'M +E `L
I3K3I7= : = V=KD V! <;37! O ;!
IL" Vf 3I7= HM +!K O
T7D VU L" 7D! ,N3HM 7 3K3I7= : = 3I7= %( Lv ::2D `g
AM7 !E :3o AM7= 3I7= 3HMA 3 M = AM7= V=KD ! ;N07 7
I3I7= VHM 7 o L:@ 8&@D <;"! ,: =
I3I7= wHM 7 o L:@ @H&$ A x=] : <;v
119
3K3I7 V <0o# 30# V* 3I7= xMA# 7f ,: @7 VK3I7 'M ( ?E ;= J h
V 7] 'MA V=" 'MA .2# ?E @3 !E A@M 6 ;= J! ,?HM =67 <;
I¨ <;v 3I7=
N S
N S N S N S
I: @7 VK3I7 'M ( J : ¨ <;v
:äÉ°ù«WÉæ¨ªdG øe áØ∏àîªdG ´GƒfC’G -2

: 3DC "/ 5C7 #(J) ?IxJ #$ 5"u$ ~*
7
I89 3I7= CG
:ô«μØàdG øcQ
3I7= A ?E ;= < IV9 @6; 3I7= Ü
?z{ 8 /3& ?N3K3I7 IA9 B

= 3I7 `L
:") JS ~Q .12 #$ ~ 9N V - iK)M

:ºFGódG ¢ù«WÉæ¨ªdG ( CG )
89 3I7= 3v @-&$ TJ! I3k HK# I L= N3K3I7= o + 3I7=
3I7= x370D 8! ,(- % ! ,
H L@ *! ,3-oH <= Vf K= BK3I7=
=]D 'A H03f ,+ VK3I7 .]= @ ' Vf NH
8M ,o @6
F@I 89
IK3I7

:≈FÉHô¡μdG ¢ù«WÉæ¨ªdG (Ü)
o 'A F3o V#!2U / Vf w9 @6& 3D @= 7
u@f L!U !E 9@v !E xMA= =~7 } <;v V `!M=
3I7= V=K V z <0o#! F7= 'A ?f
= V9 @6; 3 Lv @33D F@I ;=! ª <;v V9 @6;
I`!M= o ' 6HK& V 3K3I7= Lv @33D /= Vf
V9 @6; 3I7= : ª <;v
IV @6; 3 xM 7 N3K3I7 'A A!
F9@v! ,/D 6! ,V @6; u@] :<- 7D3U Vf k( B V9 @6; 3I7=!
I@cg ?; 6A#! 3#= B=! <; xf Vf K= ¿#!$! , 3

120
:á≤FÉØdG äÓ°UƒªdG ¢ù«WÉæë (`L)

D ?E ;=! ,<3
A9f : V A9 B
=
V @6; 3 !@ 7 k 3k K3I7 J]
I3(c LK +E V* (o ?!: 6
IB3"K= Vf L: ( = VK3I7= 3#@ L26(E! ,@9M MA 3= L3o Vf 6DA3HMD 8E !
9w 4S fwJ

V @6; 3
= : = ( D ,FM= @0 %@AD , k( r7 L@U B(: 7
V=KD! ,=9: L 0 ! 7;= Lv V0 V @6; 3 63f @=! ,@0 V* 6!A .!D V
Superconductors <3
A9f : = : =
<3
A9f BK3I7= L@3-= BA3HM @9M MA @H ✦
7 MA <=o I? 3 Vf @ MD 8D @9I
M
D L 0!
B3D D MA @3K 7! ,<3
A9f BK3I7 NE
3o ,N e K= ` Vf H- +@cE B Vf 39 @6&
,@f7f 6 " MA Vf A= 3K3I7= %M$ ? ;D
@9M MA : ¬ <;v
3E } f B@=37 L MA xf V @f7 + <=D!
I1 6 Vf HK ?& =& !H3 K
:á«°VQC’G á«°ù«WÉæ¨ªdG
Vf V 7] NHM ,=
K3I7
b$ '& & @H
Vf@] .="
V 7] L@; /0# Vf V=" NHM! ,V=" L@; /0#
cE @k U F= 3I7= ?E z{ V <3! <;v
I73 ]D

b° VK3I7= .]=
;%{]D 6 "= @3! @f7D 6 "= %M$ ?* 3U
N] ,&@o @U F= 3I7= V=" 'MA ?f z
Vf@] % 7] 3I7= V 7] 'MA ( 3U ,Vf@] .=" o#
F= 3I7= V 7] 'MA E I%{]D b$
Vf@] V=" 'MA %@A : <;v
I3o
;! w 7( 3I7 'M ( b°
'MA ( 3U ,Vf@] % 7] o# N] &@o @U
3K3I7= b$ HM %{]D b$ 3I7= V="
I33f@] 63HM V ?AHM7 J
121
:á∏°UƒÑdG
VE o . U &@o @U ,/3c! @3
3I7 LH
@3"
N V=" 6HM ? ; L@ a @AKD 7! , <;v O M
86A@I f@=
H LoH TK! IH @AD Vf@] .=" V*
IoH! BM3o= Vf 8o * 17ME
L@ a V=" 'MA @3" : <;v

I.=" V*
H
áÄ«ÑdG äÉeÉN øe ÜQÉéJ
?á∏°UƒÑdG ™æ°üJ ∞«c

} f M 3 M |@D F@I M3K
83=0D z7;=
I3 M Vf M7= I 3# L@ * <c:E 8M ,1= M
@AKD ?E % 7]! .=" V]D V* @3"D L@ a ?E Uf
3 M
.=" V]D V* @3"D L@ a : <;v
I3 M @AKD ?E % 7]!
?º∏©J πg
;=D z ! ,#$ 3#H* F@I VM 0 Vf !E V*

H c:E 8 %@ ?E
I+:3= @" u:K! @" 3#@A .c +@H; 3f@] 86Df"& F3AoD ? 3 !$
¢ù«WÉæ¨ªd ≈°ù«WÉæ¨ªdG ∫ÉéªdG -3

Vf O! {f ,3K3I7= Mh 63f @6~ V! ;B6] x3=( 3I7= M3o= AM7=
I&@o < A ?& {* 63* N ( !E ,3I7= o# O ]# 3K3I7 L: M AM7=
äÓμ°ûªdG πM
!≈°ù«WÉæ¨ªdG ∫ÉéªdÉH ôKCÉàJ Qƒ«£dG

k( L@3
BK3I7= L:!2 |=$! B@"o ! 3M ?E V* 3= B @3"D
VK3I7= .]= U M uKUa 67;=D ,· Vf 3H0 c x <0D 6# 3 Vf
o
FAo ;= /3& I6D@] 17ME 6DK "; V K = b°
I;"= <o z9j LK= 3k H@]D =3=0D
\@ ? =

122
:≈°ù«WÉæ¨ªdG ∫ÉéªdG §«£îJ
F@I VK3I7 '3rA VK3I7= .]= F3MD ;=
6 f o L:@ 3=& @-# 8M ,3I7= } f 1r3 ! x!
U Mc <;v cD o L:@ ?E U7f I63 /3 @A7 x
8M ,3HMA UE 7 "#J EHD V! ,3I7= F3oD =~7
I <;v @cg 'MA V* <0D VU 17o#J Vf cD
IVK3I7= .]= U Mc : <;v ,?IxJ =KJ UML 9(p "/ !- J$ rM?
??IxJ =KJ UML .K7 #/ &$ #(

H x! F@I VK3I7= .]= ]D f@ ;=
8M 3I7= . U o L:@ Vf ;"= U M UE V
L A K L M @;# I
H N3 @AKD + ]DJ :o#
N3 @AKD + ]DJ :o# L@ <& Vf! , UA# 7 B@
'MA N3* @3" + ]DJ .]= ]D ? ;3f ,
H
IVK3I7= .]= F3MD : <;v I
H V="
:≈°ù«WÉæ¨ªdG ∫ÉéªdG •ƒ£N ¢UGƒN

IV 7] 'MA Vf <cD! V=" 'MA VK3I7= .]= U Mc Z@D 1
IL@3H& VK3I7= .]= Lv 63f ? ;D V FI7= Vf VK3I7= .]= U Mc @-;D 2
IVK3I7= .]= U Mc xIAD J 3
+ K V @0A J! ,3I7= F3o= ·@ Vf B6] x3=( Vf VK3I7= .]= ( 4
IU!
á«FÉjõ«a äÉ≤«Ñ£J
3o III K !E (-& '0 !E o ` 70 1Vv ] wE x! Vf
zK ✦
I+ @M %@A ? ;D
@M V* 6 V 7] 'MA! ,1w" 6 + @M V*
H V=" 'MA N] < ✦
IVK3I7= b$ .] M NM7 8D 1V" ?E V . 6f z{ U ?VK
6H! H ' 8M ,VAfE x! Vf V! , o= ° 3#= ' +U* x <= @& ✦
I33K3I7= 63HM H ;D V! ,6M7 H AD T 8& UJ I
H L@
123
‫اﺛﺮ اﻟﻤﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﺴﻰ ﻟﻠﺘﻴﺎر اﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﻰ‬

Magnetic Effect of the Electric Current
Vf ;VK3I7= .]= 3U 0= 3I7= 3 : ‫ﻧﻮاﺗﺞ اﻟﺘﻌﻠﻢ اﻟﻤﺘﻮﻗﻌﺔ‬
3 !E 2# w&=# w923 /"& T1820 T ‫ﻓﻰ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺔ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺗﻜﻮن ﻗﺎد ًرا ﻋﻠﻰ‬
:‫أن‬
UJ Af IN U VK3I7 .] : (!! z Vf V @6& 3D !@
3 ««f««-««& ««3«« «««««« 57KD
!@ 7 @o7D 6#f ,z %@ L@3

O! {* N#E I3K3I7= L A! VK3I7=
`MA# 7 V
$ 6 : D =73 ,N3f <;v V @6& 3D 3 f-& u3 B«««U! 57KD
17ME
H @o#* !I¯ <;v zK Vf V @6; 3 IVK3I7=
,V(c VK3I7 .]= @MD 6#E zK Vf V @6; 3 !@ I3K3I7= + A U Mc ]D :oD
VK3I7= @M$ L:J @D
V @6& 3D !@= ]3# zK . U VK3I7 .] D & =
I3 3 L3o Vf V9 @6; 3
IN
<c: B3K <A# ;" oHD
-
IÁ# =
%"
\ 6@Ä
\
F
J)
+M "x
D 7 $
N m
M
M N
y5
!M $
a

S "w
M
− : ‫ﻣﺼﻄﻠﺤﺎت اﻟﻔﺼﻞ‬
+ 2V
Electric Current V @6; 3
)DMM
IzK Vf V @6; 3 !@ T 7 V3HM 6! Vf
H : ¯ <;v Magnetic Field VK3I7= .]=
VK3I7= 3 f-&
Magnetic Flux density
" -
J)%
7 +M
ND "x
$ M :‫ﻣﺼﺎدر اﻟﺘﻌﻠﻢ اﻟﻜﺘﺮوﻧﻴﺔ‬
M N
y5
"w $
!
3M ?3I7= :J"7 6"S
−
,7
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KXKqDHJ6oS4
+
2V
)DMM
IzK Vf V @6& 3D !@ 7
H @o7D : <;v

124
≈Hô¡μdG QÉ«à∏d ≈°ù«WÉæ¨ŸG ôKC’G ≈fÉãdG π°üØdG
:V U"7 .c VK3I7= .]= ]D! <;v f@ ;=!
Vf V @6& 3D !@ Áv7 VK3I7= .]= F3M
U!
,M ! ,=3AK

J!2 ; TK# 83AK z
3U
! ,U L:@ ! ,+ A= } M! ,3k @6&
@= zK <]#! VAfE + K Vf + A= } M OH-#
83AK= zK Vf@I <0# 8M ,+: = x! Vf 6M!
I \=! MH
I=~7 @9!: m3 V o L:@ 'D@D : ¨ <;v
V 'D@D o L:@ ?E "# ,/3 }@M x + A= } M V o L:@ @-7# 7
M x zK xIAD MA# 2&@! zK V +: = K ,2&@= Lo =~7 @9!: m3
%@A 8U2D VK3I7= .]= U Mc <-=D V @9! ?E 3H# F K <;" ! ,}
z Vf @= + V @6; 3 VK3I7= .]= Lv ?E V . = N7 H HD! zK
IN7 : J <AD! zK %@J ::2D
(B) ≈°ù«WÉæ¨ªdG ¢†«ØdG áaÉãc

}@D V VK3I7= .]= U Mc : :6# MA# 7 B VK3I7= 3 f-& @D
I(Tesla) KD LU! !E wbm2
T¢@ 6DU!! MA7 z M3o= BUK= LU! k : =
V @6& 3D N @= 83AK z @= d +: = MA# 7 B VK3I7= 3 f-&!
:+!KD @3H$ I NDv
nI
B=
2πd
IF 3K3I7= {7 < V n 3U
:1 6 3K3I7= {7 <!
n = 4 π × 10-7 wb/A.m
I
` B = 2 × 10-7 1 1 6 Vf `
d
d : = fK= x 3k K;! I V @6; 3 Lv x k :@I '7D B ?E 3H# !
IzK
125
:º«≤à°ùe ∂∏°S ≈a ôªj ≈Hô¡c QÉ«J øY Å°TÉædG ≈°ù«WÉæ¨ªdG ∫ÉéªdG √ÉéJG ø««©J
:x 1 "C7 )I #$ PN*
7
V7=3 3 HAD 7 : @3H$ V7=3 3 rH L CG
Vf = V @6; 3 ]D V* T6 a @3" 3o zK V
. zK V HAD V! ,x
$ w ]D ?f ,zK
IVK3I7= .]= ]D V
@3" 3o ,
H L@ * @AKD : L@3

T Ü
V7=3 3 rH L : ª <;v IMA7 zD 7 .]= ]D V* V=" 6HM
zK Vf 3D +@K J 7 <;v cD ,zK Vf 3D ?@ 7 ¬ <;v
Ib$ .] ]D Vf B
H 8~7D IVK3I7= .]= ]D B
H
10 cm HD MA# 7 VK3I7= 3 f-& 'KU I< I 83AK z Vf 5A NDv V @6& 3D @=
IzK
:πëdG
I = 5A d = 10 cm = 0.1 m
I
a B = 2 × 10-7
d
-7 5
= 2 × 10
0.1
-5
= 10 Tesla

126
:á«°ù«WÉæ¨ªdG Iƒ≤dGh ≈°ù«WÉæ¨ªdG ¢†«ØdG áaÉãc ø«H ábÓ©dG

.]= L @3M |@o N#f ,VK3I7 .] ]D V ® : = ` z Vf V @6& 3D @= 7
I3 ]D! .]= ]D <& w +: = ]D Vf VK3I7=
V VK3I7 .] 6 @M V L A ]D f@=
I.]= Vf ` V @6& 3D N @= z
S
,u@f L!U <;v V =9:
K3I7
TK#
N
<
! ,V @6& \! , M ! ,&@o @U z!
V 89: 3I7
u@f L!U <;v
+ − F 7 N#E UD ,<;" =& 3 @6; L@9
I
&@o @U z 3 < ]3# zK |@o V @6; \=
M .]=! 89 3I7= VK3I7= .]=
F V @6& \
Vf V @6; 3 !@ Áv7 VK3I7=
zK &@U ]D ;7 < ,<;" =& zK
?zK Vf V @6; 3 !@ ]D OK;
V9 @6; 3
Áv7 VK3I7= .]=
<;v V 89: 3I7
Iu@ L!U
Áv7 VK3I7= .]= 3K3I7= L A ]D

IzK Vf V @6; 3 !@ IzK &@U ]D
IZ V* 33K3I7= 3]= 3 < ]3# zK |@o : <;v
]D Vf ?# ; 33K3I7= 3]= ?E F K <;" U#

ÜÉàμdG ™bƒe ≈∏Y áHôéJ ógÉ°T
3 f-& ? ;D! ,<;" =& ,zK VH#( UE V U!
V @6& 3D N @= z &@U
IVK3I7 .] <c: ` ! V 'D@! ,L@3H& zK '#] Vf V; VK3I7=
V <=D L f ,VK3I7= .]= U Mc 8U2D ?E
I <;" 3H= ]DJ Vf zK z@oD
127
]= ]D
VK3I7= . HK
+@K3 3 3 ]D

V @6;
(I)
VM
(F)
T6 a
3K3I7= L A ]D
57= +@K3 3 L : <;v
V @6& 3D N @= z V VK3I7= .]= 6 @M V 3K3I7= L A ]D V @ ;=!
7D V! <;" Vf o = 57= +@K3 3 L F3HM .]= ]D V k : = `
:V
.]= ]D V* HK @3" 3o ,L VM ! HK! T6 a M- +@K3 3 x
E :@fE
IzK &@U ]D L A ]D V . T6 a ?f V @6; 3 ]D V* @3"D VM ! ,VK3I7=
<=o z V L@M= F 3K3I7= L A ?E (! !
.] V k : = 3k @6& 3D
:V < L V / D VK3I7
:(L) ∂∏°ùdG ∫ƒW (1)
B , I BHM 7 L zK . I x k :@I '7D F L Af
FαL :?E +E
(I) ≈Hô¡μdG QÉ«àdG Ió°T (2)
B , L BHM 7 zK Vf = I V @6; 3 Lv x k :@I '7D F L A
FαI :?E +E
(B) ≈°ù«WÉæ¨ªdG ¢†«ØdG áaÉãc (3)
I , L BHM 7 VK3I7= 3 f-& x k :@I '7D F L A
FαB :?E +E
F = BIL :? ; z !
B= F
IL

128
N I z V @MD V L A 6# k : B VK3I7= 3 f-& /@D ;= A K !
V LU ! ,VK3I7= .]= ]D V : = ` @3HE U! NDv V @6& 3D Nc @= @ U!
3 f-& 6# K /@D ;=! I@I@3HE ¢D 3# Áf;D =& 2T ¢ @ ! Áf;D V! K V 6 uAD
U! NDv V @6& 3D N @= @ U! N I z V D 3# U! A L D V B VK3I7=
B sin θ
IVK3I7= .]= ]D V : = ` @3HE
x θ !j x70 V @6; 3 N @= + zK ? ; 7!
B
<3oD ;= 97 <;" Vf =& VK3I7= .]= ]D
j =U* 3H&@ V* B VK3I7= 3 f-& N]
%"? B Cos θ V : = +@c$! B cos θ A! zK Vf 3 ]DJ
θ
I :? ;D o Vf! B sin θ A! zK Vf 3 ]D
F = BIL sin θ
<;v !K θ !2 ? ;D 7 T7D F L A ?E 3H# !
I3j VK3I7= .]=! zK ? ; 7 +E ;@0
:?E 3U
i=0
sin i = 0
3D N3f @= 20 cm N I z V 0.1 Tesla Nr3f f-& VK3I7 .] 6 @M V 3K3I7= L A
?VK3I7= .]= ]D x 30° !j x70 zK ?& {* 5A NDv V @6&
:πëdG
B = 0.1 T , L = 20 cm = 0.2 m , I = 5A , θ = 30°, sin 30º = 0.5
F = BIL sin θ
= 0.1 × 5 × 0.2 * sin30
F = 0.05 N
129
:á«eƒ«dG ÉæJÉ«M ≈a ≈FÉHô¡μdG QÉ«à∏d ≈°ù«WÉæ¨ªdG ôKC’G øe IOÉØà°S’G

:<- ,3 3 7D3U Vf V9 @6; 3I7= BA3HM |7
I39 @6; B&@o=! ,B 0 B@H;! ,V9 @6; u@]
I:o 3D 7 3 @6; @9! F! f Vf 8;oD V 3 BI
b@$ 3"D Vf TKD V VK3I7= 3#@ L26(E :<- ,3HM BJ Vf
IT!$ /";! ,B
a!
IN3* Lva FH @9M MA
I@cg ?; 6A#! 3#= B=! <; xf Vf K= ¿#!$
I=U:2= Á# = <c: @cg ?; B3K <A7 39 @6& BK3I7 T
IVK3I7= 3#@ j6( : ¯ <;v IB2 %] 8 w9 @6& 3I7 : <;v
BK3I7 BA3HM Vf TK# J 8½ À 7r .1K !

3I7= <= 3U Vf ,V @6& 3D V* ZoD J V! =9:
z{ Vf 'HK! ?Nc V @6; 3 +@K 7 FAf V9 @6;
Vf V @6; 3I7= T BA3HM zD ?* 3U b@ VD J =9 BK3I7= ?E
I=r o xM <=U
f* ,(o 'KU 6!j! M7= !U V = 6= EH
3 Lv @33 V @6; 3I7= Lv !E L @33D ;= N#E V*
IN3f = V9 @6;

130
:á«°ù«FôdG äÉë∏£°üªdG
ND Mh 63f @6~D! ,B6] x3=( 3I7= M3o= AM7= :VK3I7= .]=
'MA V* V=" 'MA VK3I7= .]= U Mc N]D! ,3K3I7=
IF K Vf V 7]
3o ,L VM ! HK! T6 a M- +@K3 3 x
E :@fE :57= +@K3 3 L
3 ]D V* @3"D VM ! ,VK3I7= .]= ]D V* HK @3"
IL A ]D V . T6 a ?f ,V @6;
@= @ U! N I z V D 3# U! A L D V VK3I7= 3 f-& V :f?
I@3HE U! NDv V @6& 3D N
:á°ù«FôdG ø«fGƒ≤dG
I
B = 2 * 10-7
d
F = BIL
F = BIL sin θ
‫ﺧﺮﻳﻄﺔ ﻣﻔﺎﻫﻴﻢ اﻟﺒﺎب‬
‫اﻟﻤﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﺴﻴﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺠﺎل اﻟﻤﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﺴﻰ‬ ‫ﺧﻮاص اﻟﻤﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﺲ‬ ‫أﻧﻮاع اﻟﻤﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﺲ‬
z '3r
83AK VK3I7 3I7 3I7 3I7
3D N @= B
V9 @6; 89
V @6& A9
T VK3I7= .]= F3MD ;=
o L:@
H
131
‫ﻣﺼـﺎدر اﻟـﺘـﻌـﻠــﻢ‬
:‫ اﻟﻜﺘﺐ واﻟﻤﺮاﺟﻊ اﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ‬:ً‫أوﻻ‬
HM V! @"7 : − % 83@ * % :$ A);5
I2006 V!$
,=o B&@ <# R@* , V73 @" : =o @R@*:)X A);5
4211 @A V{" \ H @R@* , L" T0 L" @R@*
ILj B HM 1985 - 1984
I:IE , <& +:6 H =o I:IE :9$J A$* !p /D; BP =Q oC" A);5
ILj B HM 1990 - 1991 \!= E , <& =UE =o
Theoretical mechauics, Schaum's servies, Murray

R-spiegel, McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1967.
Computatienal Malhematics, B.P. Denidovicl, I.A.Marsn, Mir publishers, Moscow,
Ctrauslatedl 1973.
Analysis of Heat and Mass Transfer, E.R - Eckent, Robert M.Drake,

JR. International Student Edition, 1972.
Physics, Raymond A-Seway and Jerry s-Faugin, Holt, 2004
Conceptual Physics, Paul G. 3rd Edition Scott Foresman, Addision Wesley, 1990.
:‫ اﻟﻤﺼﺎدر اﻟﺒﺸﺮﻳﺔ‬:‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴًﺎ‬
JM "w & /a$ =7 S 6) -DJ 9LR / #(J)
: )V! DRCJ I* S- #(J) lI ,, A);5
Ij =! 3A= .] Vf 3 UE
I67 33&! }@M : U o !@= .( UE
Im3H B;"= M o m3H .] Vf 300= UE
T 37 $ 7
! ,B3K 7
:<- 123 8 V T AD 7
Vf 3 UE
IIII¸*
:‫ أﻣﺎﻛﻦ ﻟﻠﺰﻳﺎرة‬:‫ﺛﺎﻟ ًﺜﺎ‬
:#N$Q .12 #$ 3D);" "C7 A);5 6"M "C & #N$Q R7 ~7
Ij =! o0 `!@f
IT /U
I3-oH 2&@=
I3;
@=
Ix#0=
I!@= B:*
:‫ﻟﻜﺘﺮوﻧﻴﺔ‬U‫ ﻣﺼﺎدر اﻟﺘﻌﻠﻢ ا‬:‫راﺑ ًﻌﺎ‬
:A);5" J" rcJ
http://www.hazemsakeek.com/Physics_Lectures/
3 @ U@v
63f ]D 123 Vf B@o
;37! ,3K3I7=! ,L@o! ,;3#;3=! ,B6]=
8! ,B 0 8! ,!A=! ,V @6; 3! ,@o
I1 r
http://sprott.physics.wisc.edu/wop.htm :A);5 H4K/
13v$ 8D /3& :67 B @3-; + o ,123 8 86f V K V=3D x
Iu! @3-; o + 123 8!
www.het.brown.edu/physics/index.html :A);5 6"/ 9R
<3: V x = + o ,#] O#@#a @H 123 8D 8; TAD V x = @3-; <3:
I<=! 00= }!$! B@o=! u!
www.sciencejoywagon.com/physicszone :A);5 M$
V u! b@D 3U ,123 8 .] Vf u!! B @3-; <; x
ITfE! L 0 b!@ <;v
‫ﻻ ﻳﺠﻮز ﻧﺸﺮ أى ﺟﺰء ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻜﺘﺎب أو ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮه أو ﺗﺨﺰﻳﻨﻪ أو‬
‫ﺗﺴﺠﻴﻠﻪ ﺑﺄى وﺳﻴﻠﺔ دون ﻣﻮاﻓﻘﺔ ﺧﻄﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﺎﺷﺮ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻌــﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ‪٢٠١٣ :‬‬

‫ﺭﻗﻢ ﺍﻹﻳــــﺪﺍﻉ‪٢٠١٣/٧٩٩٠ :‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﱰﻗﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﱃ‪978-977-493-145-1 :‬‬

الصف 1 - مصر

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

الصف 1 - مصر

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

‫ﺍﻟـﻔــــــــﻴـﺰﻳــﺎﺀ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺼﻒ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻮﻯ‬

‫ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺗﻄﻮﻳﺮ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻫﺞ ﻭﺍﳌﻮﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻤﻴﺔ‬

‫اﻟﺒﺎب اول‪ :‬اﻟﻜﻤﻴﺎت اﻟﻔﻴﺰﻳﺎﺋﻴﺔ ووﺣﺪات‬

‫‪٢‬‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اول ‪ :‬اﻟﻘﻴﺎس اﻟﻔﻴﺰﻳﺎﺋﻰ‬

‫‪١٧‬‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻰ ‪ :‬اﻟﻜﻤﻴﺎت اﻟﻘﻴﺎﺳﻴﺔ واﻟﻜﻤﻴﺎت اﻟﻤﺘﺠﻬﺔ‬

‫اﻟﺒﺎب اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻰ ‪ :‬اﻟﺤﺮﻛﺔ اﻟﺨﻄﻴﺔ‬

‫‪٢٦‬‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اول ‪ :‬اﻟﺤﺮﻛﺔ ﻓﻰ ﺧﻂ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ‬

‫‪٣٥‬‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻰ ‪ :‬اﻟﺤﺮﻛﺔ ﺑﻌﺠﻠﺔ ﻣﻨﺘﻈﻤﺔ‬

‫‪٤٨‬‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ ‪ :‬اﻟﻘﻮة واﻟﺤﺮﻛﺔ‬

‫اﻟﺒﺎب اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‪ :‬اﻟﺤﺮﻛﺔ اﻟﺪاﺋﺮﻳﺔ‬

‫‪٥٨‬‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اول ‪ :‬ﻗﻮاﻧﻴﻦ اﻟﺤﺮﻛﺔ اﻟﺪاﺋﺮﻳﺔ‬

‫‪٦٧‬‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻰ ‪ :‬اﻟﺠﺎذﺑﻴﺔ اﻟﻜﻮﻧﻴﺔ واﻟﺤﺮﻛﺔ اﻟﺪاﺋﺮﻳﺔ‬

‫‪٧٨‬‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اول ‪ :‬اﻟﺸﻐﻞ واﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ‬

‫‪٨٧‬‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻰ ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻧﻮن ﺑﻘﺎء اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ‬

‫اﻟﺒﺎب اﻟﺨﺎﻣﺲ‪ :‬اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﺤﺮارﻳﺔ وﺗﻄﺒﻴﻘﺎﺗﻬﺎ ﻓﻰ‬

‫‪١٠٠‬‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻰ ‪ :‬اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﺤﺮارﻳﺔ‬

‫‪١٠٩‬‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ ‪ :‬اﻟﺘﻤﺪد اﻟﺤﺮارى‬

‫اﻟﺒﺎب اﻟﺴﺎدس‪ :‬اﻟﻘﻮة اﻟﻤﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﺴﻴﺔ‬

‫‪١٢٤‬‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻰ ‪ :‬اﺛﺮ اﻟﻤﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﺴﻰ ﻟﻠﺘﻴﺎر اﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﻰ‬

‫ﺍﻟﻜﻤﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﻴﺰﻳﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻭﻭﺣﺪﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺱ‬

‫‪Physical Quantities and Measuring Units‬‬

‫‪u3A B!:E 83=0D Vf 1=  : 6( @AD‬‬ ‫‪IV=  @3K‬‬

@] N#f ,wHM /"; 1@(a '3HM @= !2 7

‫ﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺼﻮﺩ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﻴﺎﺱ؟‬ Physical quantity 3923 3=;

I63 :@= 3923 B3=; ١ : ‫ﻣﺼﺎدر اﻟﺘﻌﻠﻢ اﻟﻜﺘﺮوﻧﻴﺔ‬

‫ ﺍﻟﺼﻒ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻮﻯ‬- ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻴﺰﻳﺎﺀ‬

Physical Quantities ‫ ﺍﻟﻜﻤﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﻴﺰﻳﺎﺋﻴﺔ‬-١

I]  ,@K ,8]o :6-E 

@ T @=37 = M

T@( 3& #! T@( "(

3#M 3#M 3#M #$;

‫ ﺍﻟﺼﻒ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻮﻯ‬- ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻴﺰﻳﺎﺀ‬

Measurement Tools ‫ ﺃﺩﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺱ‬-٢

@!@;3= 3#  B{ A L@MK= +@= F@"

V= ?23 LU  ; !{ ?23 3; !{ ?23 V#! ?23

3=  Aa  .!7H  3@ K

+3  @= :  <;"

‫ ﺍﻟﺼﻒ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻮﻯ‬- ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻴﺰﻳﺎﺀ‬

‫ﺃﻓﻜﺎﺭ ﻟﺘﻨﺸﻴﻂ ﺍﻹﺑﺪﺍﻉ‬

‫ ‪:3 m$ ( Vf o  ,B  = ;Hv T‬‬

‫";< ‪+3  T@( 3; : ٥‬‬

‫";<  ‪ T 23K  :‬‬

‫ﺗﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﻜﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﻗﺪ‬

Dimensional Formula ‫ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ ﺍﻷﺑﻌﺎﺩ‬

‫ﻟﻌﺒﺔﺇﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔﻋﻠﻰﻣﻮﻗﻊﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ‬ I "L" 2@ Length . M 2@#

?3923 B3=; : E %KU I"M" 2@ Mass ; 2@#

‫ ﺍﻟﺼﻒ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻮﻯ‬- ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻴﺰﻳﺎﺀ‬

: ‫ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ ﺃﺑﻌﺎﺩ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﻜﻤﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﻴﺰﻳﺎﺋﻴﺔ‬

O  3I RMQ R$ BLQ J( r$  cf/ 4);5 J(

kg/ m3 M ; (ρ) f-;

@K$ @M : E : 

Vf@I V 6fc ;! ,6o

‫ ﺍﻟﺼﻒ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻮﻯ‬- ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻴﺰﻳﺎﺀ‬

‫ﻣﻀﺎﻋﻔﺎﺕ ﻭﻛﺴﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﻮﺣﺪﺍﺕ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻰ‬

:?E 57 3A K 3  =KA

I@3HE!@;3 7000 = @3HE V 7 :?E  V7 

Measurement error :‫ﺧﻄﺄ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺱ‬

8 @3E j6( : ¨ <;v

‫ ﺍﻟﺼﻒ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻮﻯ‬- ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻴﺰﻳﺎﺀ‬

u3A L:E V k : = ©@ Fc ? ; ?E VH7 : ª <;v

:‫ﺣﺴﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺨﻄﺄ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺱ‬

@vH= @3 u3A @vH= u3A #A= N(!

:‫ ﺣﺴﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺨﻄﺄ ﻓﻰ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺎﺷﺮ‬-(١)

‫اﻟﺒﺎب اول‪ :‬اﻟﻜﻤﻴﺎت اﻟﻔﻴﺰﻳﺎﺋﻴﺔ ووﺣﺪات‬

‫‪٢‬‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اول ‪ :‬اﻟﻘﻴﺎس اﻟﻔﻴﺰﻳﺎﺋﻰ‬

‫‪٢٦‬‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اول ‪ :‬اﻟﺤﺮﻛﺔ ﻓﻰ ﺧﻂ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ‬

‫‪٥٨‬‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اول ‪ :‬ﻗﻮاﻧﻴﻦ اﻟﺤﺮﻛﺔ اﻟﺪاﺋﺮﻳﺔ‬

‫‪٧٨‬‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اول ‪ :‬اﻟﺸﻐﻞ واﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ‬

‫‪١٢٤‬‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻰ ‪ :‬اﺛﺮ اﻟﻤﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﺴﻰ ﻟﻠﺘﻴﺎر اﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﻰ‬

‫‪u3A B!:E 83=0D Vf 1= : 6( @AD‬‬ ‫‪IV= @3K‬‬

@] N#f ,wHM /"; 1@(a '3HM @= !2 7

‫ﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺼﻮﺩ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﻴﺎﺱ؟‬ Physical quantity 3923 3=;

I63 :@= 3923 B3=; ١ : ‫ﻣﺼﺎدر اﻟﺘﻌﻠﻢ اﻟﻜﺘﺮوﻧﻴﺔ‬

I] ,@K ,8]o :6-E

@ T @=37 =M

T@( 3& #! T@( "(

3#M 3#M 3#M #$;

@!@;3= 3# B{ A L@MK= +@= F@"

V= ?23 LU ; !{ ?23 3; !{ ?23 V#! ?23

3= Aa .!7H 3@ K

+3 @= : <;"

‫ ‪:3 m$ ( Vf o ,B = ;Hv T‬‬

‫";< ‪+3 T@( 3; : ٥‬‬

‫";< ‪ T 23K :‬‬

‫ﻟﻌﺒﺔﺇﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔﻋﻠﻰﻣﻮﻗﻊﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ‬ I "L" 2@ Length . M 2@#

?3923 B3=; : E %KU I"M" 2@ Mass ; 2@#

O 3I RMQ R$ BLQ J( r$ cf/ 4);5 J(

kg/ m3 M ; (ρ) f-;

@K$ @M : E :

Vf@I V 6fc ;! ,6o

:?E 57 3A K 3 =KA

I@3HE!@;3 7000 = @3HE V 7 :?E V7

8 @3E j6( : ¨ <;v

u3A L:E V k : = ©@ Fc ? ; ?E VH7 : ª <;v

@vH= @3 u3A @vH= u3A #A= N(!

. M 3A3Ao =3A O#&! 9.9 cm +!K N#E (!! 3= e

Vf FM= M = FM= M

; ,& 6f 37°CND@U (: =K(

@") M )M M #$ #$ .K7 S J ?J S?J 2 Iiz"

s = 50 + 30= 80 m : MA= fK= :F*

B6]= T x oD FM : ¯ <;v

-A ]=! A N]= (c) A = B N]= (b) A N]= (a)

IB6]= V#3H <3-= <;v

3D @3MD 0o= L A : ¨ <;v

:3A@M 8 36] x=( ?f L 0 !

B6]= x=( : ª <;v

Vf !K -M L |7 ?E O= {*! ,3D A +!KD b@ L

3D 0o :]*

I=6 V]DJ %@r <

A=5 B = 10 :V B ! A 36]= : =3A O#& {*

‫=‪« 23‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬

‫;‪T@( 3‬‬ ‫‪: ?23‬‬

‫=‪u3A 3‬‬ ‫;=‪3923 3‬‬

‫‪VHK7‬‬ ‫‪FM‬‬ ‫‪µH S‬‬ ‫‪µH‬‬ ‫]‪6‬‬ ‫‪33‬‬ ‫"‪A‬‬ ‫‪3E‬‬

‫´‪Vq %‬‬ ‫´‪V3 %‬‬

‫‪"& Vf D 3#! 33( <& : 6( @AD‬‬ ‫‪IV= @3K‬‬

,|@o 6r ! O M 6r ?E ]7Kf ,7 U TK($ 7D {*

. o 63oD! &@o /

!@= 8K] x Vf :o @3 V &@o

@3-& Vf 83AK Fc Vf &@o J- D MA &@U : <;v

0 K UA 8K( &@U <3-=D ;= :&@o FM

! &@o : ¯ <;v 3A#J &@o : <;v

TsU #$; TSU #$;

d 3; Uja Δd Uja Vf @3

I= BH( ! M"#$ z3 3 63f <]KD L@3

8K] 6 |@o V @K 33D

j Vf 8.4 kmxMAf 83AK Fc Vf L3 v :

:V .!] Vf s LU 2! m/s LU @K 3

Δt t2 − t1 V9 J 2 − V967 2 @3 j

+!KD ] !E 307D @K ? ;D H ] !E 2D

s 2 s 2 s 2

H ] @

.c @K Vf @3 V ] ?E F K <0 Vf O:

,a =~7 ] 83AK Fc Vf |@o =K(

:3k #3 &@o 3#- := Z7

d 3; = d ]J + d @ = 15 + 50 = 65 m 3; Uja %KU