ENGINEERING DRAWING

CHAPTER 6

Building Construction
Type of Engineering Drawing
How to Read the Symbols
Building Construction
 BUILDING

SUBSTRUCTURE SUPERSTRUCTURE

SHALLOW DEEP FRAME

FOUNDATION FOUNDATION STRUCTURE

STRIP PILES STEEL FRAME

FOUNDATION FOUNDATION
CONCRETE FRAME

PAD
TIMBER FRAME
FOUNDATION

RAFT LOAD BEARING WALL

FOUNDATION
SUBSTRUCTURE AND SUPERSTRUCTURE
FOUNDATION
SUBSTRUCTURE – Shallow Foundations
SHALLOW FOUNDATION – Pad footing
SHALLOW FOUNDATION – Pad footing
Type of Engineering Drawing
TYPE OF ENGINEERING DRAWINGS
1. Structural Key Plan
Pad Footing Key Plan Drawing
Ground Floor Key Plan Drawing
2. Detail Drawing
Pad Footing Detail Drawing
Column Detail Drawing
Beam Detail Drawing
3. Earthwork Plan
4. Water Reticulation Plan
5. Sewerage Plan
6. Road and Drainage System
Pad Footing Key
Plan Drawing
• Scale 1:100, 1:200, 1:500
• Shows the location of
the pad footing in plan
view
• Elements:
• Gridline
• Ground beam
• Pad Footing
• Columns
• Type of Beam
• Type of Column
Ground Floor Key Plan Drawing
• Scale 1:100, 1:200, 1:500
• Shows the structure of the selected floor
• Elements:
• Gridline
• Beam (in dashed line)
• Columns
• Slab
• Type of Beam
• Type of Column
Footing Detail Drawing
• Scale 1:5, 1:10, 1:20
• Shows detail drawing of the pad footing
• Elements:
• Materiality
• Reinforcement
bars
• Column
• Pad Foundation
• Ties
• Specification
• Dimensions
Column Detail Drawing
• Scale 1:5, 1:10, 1:20
• Shows detail drawing of
the columns
• Elements:
• Materiality
• Reinforcement
bars
• Concrete Coating
• Ties
• Specification
• Dimensions
Beam Detail Drawing
• Scale 1:5, 1:10, 1:20
• Shows detail drawing of the pad footing
• Elements:
• Materiality
• Reinforcement
bars
• Column
• Junction
Connection
• Dimensions
How To Read The Symbols
Example : F1C1 150x150mm Column
Ties R10-150
Rebar in Column 4Y20
F2 – Type of Footing
C2 – Type of Column

Rebar inside the pad

footing Y16-125 c/c for
both direction.
1800x1800x300 (WxLxH) Formwork
REFERENCE NUMBER FOR REBAR
Bar reinforcement inside the footing and the columns
noted as: 4Y12

4 the number of bars in the column

Y rebar at y direction (vertical)
12 the size of the rebar (12 in diameter)

The ‘links’ inside the footing and the columns

noted as: R12-150

R12 the diameter of the bars

150 the distance between the link is 150mm
(length from centre to centre, c/c’)