myF 10 gapw;wpay;

jiyg;g[ ,yf;fpak; fw;gpj;jy;

cs;slf;fk;

,e;j myF ,yf;fpak; fw;gpj;jy; Kiwikapid mog;gilahff;

bfhz;Ls;sJ/ nkw;fz;l jiyg;igf; iftug;bgw tpsf;fKk;
tHpfhl;LjYk; jug;gl;Ls;sd/

fw;wy; ngW

,e;j myfpd; ,Wjpf;Fs; eP';fs; .

1/ Muk;gg; gs;sp khztu;fSf;F ,yf;fpak; fw;gpj;jypd; nehf;fk;.

Kf;fpaj;Jtk; Mfpatw;iwa[k;. jkpH; bkhHpg; ghlj;jpl;lj;jpy;
,lk;bgw;Ws;s ,yf;fpag; gFjpfspd; gFg;g[ Kiwapida[k;
mwpe;J bfhs;tPu;fs;/

2/ bra;a[s;. ghly;. ftpij Mfpatw;iw fw;gpf;Fk;

Kiwikapida[k;. ,t;tpyf;fpag; gFjpfis Vida
bkhHpj;jpwd;fSld; xU';fpizj;J fw;gpf;Fk; gh';fpida[k;
mwpe;J bray;gLtPu;fs;/

3/ fij fw;gpj;jypd; nehf;fj;jpida[k;. khztu;fSf;F fij

fw;gpj;jYf;fhd eltof;iffisa[k; iftug; bgw;W
tFg;giwapy; bray;gLj;JtPu;fs;/

4/ bkhHpazpfshf tps';Fk; ,izbkhHp. ctikj; bjhlu;. kug[j;

bjhlu;. gHbkhHp. ,ul;ilf; fpstp Mfpatw;iw
fw;gpg;gjw;fhd nehf;fj;ija[k;. Kf;fpaj;Jtj;ija[k;
mwptPu;fs;/

5/ ,yf;fpak; fw;gpj;jYf;fhd fw;wy; fs";rpa';fs; jahupf;Fk;

Kiwikapid mwptPu;fs;/

2
myF 10 gapw;wpay;

jiyg;g[ 1 ,yf;fpak; fw;gpj;jy;

,e;j jiyg;gpd; tHp eP';fs; ,yf;fpak; fw;gpj;jy; bjhlu;ghd gy;ntW

TWfisj; bjupe;J bfhs;tPu;fs;/ mijj; bjhlu;e;J tUk; gapw;rpfisr;
bra;J ckJ jpwj;ij tsu;j;Jf; bfhs;f/

bkhHpahrpupauhd eP';fs; ,yf;fpak; fw;gpj;jy; Kiwikapy;

jpwk;bgw;wpUg;gJ kpft[k; ,d;wpaikahjjhFk;/ bkhHpapy; khztu;fs;
Mw;wYk; tsKk; bgWtjw;Fk; bkhHpapd; ,dpikia ,urpj;Jg; nghw;Wjw;Fk;
,yf;fpak; tHpaikf;Fk; vd;gjhy; mjd; fw;gpj;jy; Kiwikapid
Mrpupauhd eP';fs; mwpa ntz;oaJ kpf mtrpank///

1/1 ,yf;fpak; fw;gpj;jyppd; Kf;fpaj;Jtk;

brhw;Rit czh;j;Jtjw;F
czh;r;rpiaj; J}z;Ltjw;F

gz;ghl;il nkk;gLj;Jtjw;F
ed;bdwpfis tsh;g;gjw;F

gilg;ghw;wy; jpwid tsh;g;gjw;F

fw; W kfpH;tjw;F

,iwa[zh;it Cl;Ltjw;F

bghUl;Rit cz;lhf;Ftjw;F

fw;gid Mw;wiy tsh;g;gjw;F

ehl;Lg; gw;W. bkhHpg; gw;W cz;lhf;Ftjw;F

,yf;fpag; gw;iw cz;lhf;Ftjw;F

fUj;Jzh; Mw;wiy tsh;g;gjw;F

vHpGzh;it tsh;g;gjw;F

3
 1.2 ,yf;fpak; nghjpf;Fk; mZF Kiw

tpsf;f Kiw
fij gl;liw
Kiw Kiw

FG Kiw

gjpt[
ehlf ,yf;fpak; nghjpf;Fk; ehlh
Kiw mZF Kiw Kiw

ciu ,Lgzp
epfH;j;Jk; Kiw
Kiw fye;Jiuahly;

tpdh gDty;
Kiw thrpg;g[
fUj;ju';F Kiw
Kiw

4
 1/3 ,yf;fpak; fw;gpj;jypd; nehf;fk;

,yf;fpak;
fw;gpj;jypd;
nehf;fk;

mwbewpapy; czh;r;rpiaj;
epw;wy; J}z;ly;

Ma;t[j;jpwid kf;fl;gz;ig
tsu;j;jy; tsu;j;jy;

fw;gid Mw;wiy ,iwa[zu;t[

tsu;j;jy; cz;lhf;Fjy;

bkhHpg;gw;W ftpg[idaj;
ehl;Lg;gw;W J}z;ly;
tsh;j;jy;

fUj;Jzu; ,yf;fpag;
Mw;wiy gw;W
tsuj;jy; cz;lhf;Fjy;

5
myF 10 gapw;wpay;

jiyg;g[ 2 ,yf;fpa tiffs;

,e;jj; jiyg;gpd; tHp eP';fs; Muk;gg; gs;spfSf;fhd jkpH; bkhHpg;

ghlj;jpl;lj;jpy; ,lk;bgw;Ws;s ,yf;fpag; gFjpfis milahsk; fz;L
mtw;wpd; jd;ikfis tpsf;Fk; Mw;wiy tsu;j;Jf; bfhs;f/

’
Mj;jpNo

g[jpa Mj;jpNo bfhd;iw nte;jd;

cyf ePjp  g[jpa Mj;jpNo

btw;wp ntw;if

jpUf;Fws; |Jiu

gy;tifr; bra;a[s;

ey;tHp

ePjpbewp tpsf;fk;

ehyoahu;

ed;bdwp

,izbkhHp

gHbkhHp

ctikj;bjhlu;

,ul;ilf; fpstp

kug[j; bjhlu;

6
myF 10 ,yf;fpak; fw;gpj;jy;

jiyg;g[ 3 bra;a[s;.ghly;. ftpij fw;gpj;jy;

,e;j jiyg;gpd; tHp eP';fs; bra;a[s;.ghly;. ftpij fw;gpj;jy; Kiwikfis

bjspthf mwpe;J bfhs;tPu;fs;/ jkpH; gs;;spfSf;fhd bkhHpg;ghlj;jpy;
bra;a[s;.ghly;.ftpij TWfs;; Kf;fpakhdit/ ,yf;fpar;Rit.,yf;fpaf;
fiya[zu;it Cl;Lk; nkw;fz;l TWfs; khztid bkhHpthapyhf KG
gad;ghl;ow;F miHj;Jr; bry;fpwJ/

3/1 bra;a[s;.ghly;. ftpij fw;gpf;Fk; Kiw

jkpH; Kw;fhyj;jpy; KGtJk; bra;a[s; bkhHpahfnt tsu;e;J te;Js;sJ/mjd;

bkhHpaikg;g.[ bkhHpeil.milbkhHpfs;.,yf;fz cj;jpfs;. g[zu;r;rp
tpjpfs ; gy bra;a[is nehf;fpna vGjg;gl;ld/;

gs;spfSf;fhd jkpH;r; bra;a[l; ghlj;jpy; r';f fhyk;.ePjp E}w;fhyk;.fhg;gpaf;

fhyk;.gf;jp ,af;ff; fhyk;.rpw;wpyf;fpaf; fhyk;.kWkyu;r;rpf; ftpijf;fhyk;
vd gy;ntW gFjpfs; ,izf;fg;gl;Ls;sd/

ftpij thrpg;igg; ghl;Lf; fw;gpj;jy; vd;Wjhd; Tw ntz;Lk;/ghl;L Xir

jGtpaJ/ghl;L vd;gJ czu;r;rpiaa[k; xypeaj;ija[k; mHfpa tothf
bfhz;oy';FtJ/

7
 bra;a[s;

 rPUk; . jisa[k; . moa[k; cilaJ /

 xyp eak; cilaJ /
 czu;r;rpa[k; . fw;gida[k; ,y;yhky; ,aw;wk; bgw;wJ

ftpij

 fiy czu;r;rpia mog;gilahff; bfhz;lJ /

 mHfpa totk; cilaJ . xypeak; cilaJ /

 vJif . nkhid Kjypadt[k; mike;J czu;r;rpapd;

btspg;ghlhfj; njhd;WtJ /

 fw;gid eak; cilaJ /

 gof;Fe;njhWk; ,d;gk; mspg;gJ /

ghly;

,irnahL ghlj;jf;f Kiwapy; vspikahf miktJ/

Xir eak; cilaJ/

,irr; brwpt[ kpf;fJ/

8
 bra;a[s;.
ghly;.
ftpij
fw;gpf;Fk;
Kiw

Kd;Diu NH;epiy ,yf;fpa mU"; kPz;Lk;

tH';;Fjy; mikj;jy; eak; brhw;fSf;F ghLjYk;
njhd;w bghUs; tpdhf;fs;
goj;jy; fhZjy; nfl;lYk;

3/2 bra;a[isj; bjhl';Fk; Kiw

3/2/1 bra;a[s;.ftpij.ghliyf; fw;gpf;Fk; Kiw

bra;a[isf; fw;gpf;Fk; nwhf;f';fs; ciueilf; fw;gpf;Fk; nehf;f';;fspdpd;Wk;

ntWgl;lit/ bra;a[isf; fw;gpf;Fk;nghJ fUj;Jzu;jy;.czu;r;rpapy; xd;W
gLjy;.eak; czu;e;J nghw;Wjy;.ghog;gho ,d;gkiljy; Mfpa nehf;fk;;
epiwntWk; tz;zk; fw;gpj;jy ; ntz;Lk;/

9
m) NH;epiyaikj;jy;
Mrpupau; fw;gpf;ftpUf;Fk; bra;a[spd; fUj;ijawpe;J mjw;nfw;w NHiy
mikj;Jf; bfhs;s ntz;Lk;/

M) Kd;Diu

 jFe;j NH;epiyaikj;j gpd;.njitahd Kd;Diuiaf; Twpg;

ghliyf; fw;gpf;f ntz;Lk;/

,) ,yf;fpa eak; njhd;wg; goj;jy;

 bra;a[is ,ira[ld; ghLjy; rpwe;jJ/Mrpupau; rPu; gpupj;Jr; re;j

mikg;nghL Vw;wj;jhH;t[ld; ghLjy; ed;W/

<) mU";brhw;fs;
 bra;a[spYs;s mU";brhw;fis Mrpupau; ed;F tpsf;Fjy; ntz;Lk;

10
 NH;epiy
mikj;jy;

,yf;fpa bra;a[s;.
eak; ftpij. Kd;Diu
njhd;wg; ghliyf;
fw;gpf;Fk;
goj;jy;
Kiw

fod
brhw;fs;

3/2/2 bra;a[s;.ftpij.ghliyj; bjhl';Fk; Kiw

m) Mrpupau; tuyhW Twpj; bjhl';Fjy;

 Mrpupau; tuyhW.mtupaw;wpa E}y;fs;.mtu; fhyj;Jg; g[ytu;fs;

nghd;w tptu';fisf; Twp Mu;t|l;lyhk;/

11
M) mU";brhy; tpsf;fpj; bjhl';Fjy;

 bra;a[is fw;gpj;J bry;fpd;w epiyapy; fUj;Jzu;e;J

nghw;Wtjw;nfw;w tz;zk; mjpy; ifahsg;gl;Ls;s mU";brhw;fspd;
bghUis czu;jny ed;W/

,) NH;epiy gpd;dzp Twpj; bjhl';Fjy;

 czu;r;rpapd; mog;gilapy; njhd;Wfpd;w bra;a[s;.ftpij.ghly;

Mfpatw;wpd; NH;epiyia mwpe;J ghliyf; fw;gpf;fj; bjhl';fyhk;/

<) tpdh Kiw

 ghlypy; mike;Js;s fUj;Jf;fs; gw;wp khzhf;fu; ve;j mst[f;F

mwpe;Js;sdu; vd;W tpdhf;fs; |yk; mwpe;J fw;gpj;jYf;F tpdhKiw
vd;W bgau;/
‘ khrpy; tPiza[k; khiy kjpaKk;
tPR bjd;wYk; tP';fps ntdpYk;
 ,j;njthur; bra;a[isf; fw;gpf;Fk;bghGJ Mrpupau; ,iwtdpd;
,ay;g[fisf; Fwpf;Fk; bjhlu; ahJ vd khztiu tpdt[jy; ?

c) gpupj;Jf; TWk; Kiw

 khztu;fisr; bra;a[s;.ftpij.ghliyg; gof;fr; bra;J
 gjt[iu
 bghHpg;g[iu
 fUj;Jiu
 ,yf;fzf; Fwpg;g[
 bjhil eak;
 mzp eak;
vd Mrpupau; tpsf;fk; mspj;jy;/

12
3/2/3 bra;a[s; ghlj;jpy; epiwntw;w ntz;oa bkhHpj; jpwd;

1/ bra;a[l;Fupa Xiria mwpar; bra;jy;

-Xir eak; bfhz;lit/
-ghf;fSf;F cupa XirnahL mtw;iwg; gof;f ntz;Lk;/
-bra;a[is ,dpa ,ir eaj;njhL goj;Jf; fhl;Ljy;/

2/ bra;a[Sf;F cupa ,irnahL gof;fr; bra;jy;

-bra;a[isr; re;jj;njhL Mrpupau; goj;Jf;fhl;Ljy;/
- khztiu jdpahft[k; FGthft[k; goj;jy;

3/bra;a[spy; cs;s brhw;fisg; gpupj;Jf; TWjy;

4/bra;a[isg; bghUs; tps';Fk;go thf;fpakhf ciu eilg;gLj;jpf; TWjy;

5/bra;a[spy; cs;s bghUl; brwpt[ tha;e;j brhw;fis mwpar; bra;jy;

6/bra;a[spd; Ritahd gFjpfisj; bjupe;J bfhs;sr; bra;jy;/

thdhfp kz;zhfp tspahfp xspahfp
Cdhfp capuhfp cz;ika[kha; ,d;ika[kha;
-vdj; bjhl';Fk; ghlypy; ,iwtdpd; jd;ikapy;
ntw;Wik ,y;iy vd;gij mwpar; bra;fpwhu;/

7/ brhy;yhl;rpj; jpwid mwpar; bra;jy;

#fy;yhu;f;Fk; fw;wtu;f;Fk;#- vd;Dk; ts;syhu;
thH;j;Jg; ghly; moapd; rpwg;gpidf; Twyhk;/

8/ mU";brhw;fspd; bghUis mwpar; bra;jy;

ty;yhu;.khl;lhu; vd;gd nghd;wbghUs; Twjy;/

9/ ghlypy; mike;j vJif mwpar; bra;jy;

- vJif vd;Dk; brhy;iyg; gad;gLj;jhky; Kjy; vGj;J
msbthj;jpUf;f ,uz;lhk; vGj;J xd;wptUtij

13
 vLj;Jf;fhl;o xypeaj;ijf; Twyhk;

10/ ghlypy; tUk; nkhidia mwpar; bra;jy;

11/ bra;a[spd; gh tifia mwpar; bra;jy;

- ghly; rpe;J tifiar; nru;e;jJ ` ehl;Lg;g[wg; ghliyr;
nru;e;jJ /

12/ rupahf xypf;f ,ayhj xypfSf;Fg; gapw;rp mspj;jy;

- fy;tpf;Fupa fiykfns - ,g;ghlypy; y .s .H .u .w .d vd;Dk;
xypfs; cs;sd/

13/ bra;a[spd; bghUs; czu;r;rpf;F Vw;gf; Fuy; Vw;wj; jhH;t[ld;

goj;jy;
#euu;fSf;Fk; Ruu;fSf;Fk; ey';bfhLf;Fk; eynk#

14/ brhw;fspd; cU khw;wj;ij mwpar; bra;jy;

kjp[ - nghd;w brhw;fspd; KG tuptotj;ij czu;j;j
ntz;Lk;/

15/ bra;a[l; gFjpapy; cs;s mzpapid mwpar; bra;jy;

- bra;a[l; gFjpapy; ctikazp . vLj;Jf;fhl;Ltikazp
nghd;w mzpfs; te;jpUg;gpd; mtw;iw Mrpupau; tpsf;Fjy;
ntz;Lk;/

bra:a[l: ghlj:jpy: fhzg;bgWk; epiwfSk; FiwfSk;

1/ brhy:eak:. bghUs: eak:. czur: bra:jy;
2/ vJif. nkhid.,iag[j: bjhilfis mwpar: bra:jy:
3/ ftp"hpd: fw:gidiaa[k:. ctik TWk: jpwj:jpida[k: mwpar: bra:jy:
4/ bra;a[is Xir Kiwg:go gof:fr: bra:jy:
5/ bghUs: czUk: tz:zk: gphpj:jwpar: bra:jy:

14
epiwfs:
1/ khzhf:fuJ bkhHpj:jpwd: tsqfpwJ/ nfl:ly:. ngRjy. goj:jy. VGJjy:
Mfpa ehd:F jpwd:fspYk: ey:y gapw:rp fpilf:fpwJ::
2/ eaKzq jpwd: tsqfpwJ/
3/ brhw:fs":rpak: bgUFfpd:wJ/
4/ xU gFjpia MH:e:J goj:Jf: fUj:Jzqjypy: ey:y gapw:rp fpilf:fpd:wJ/
5/ gilg:ghw:wy: jpwd: tsu tha:g:gs
[ s
: J/

Fiwfs:

1/ xnu gFjpia MH:e:J gog:gjhy: rypg:g[ Vw:glyhk:/

2/ mfuhjp. fiyf:fs":rpak: ghqj:Jg: bghUs: czqjy: njitg:gLjypd:
jpwd: Fiwthdtqfs: kpFjpa[k: ed:ik bgw Koahky: nghfyhk:/
3/ bkhHp eil. bkhHp kug[ Mfpatw:iw czqj:Jjw:F bkhHpj:jpwdpy: ed:F
njw:r:rp bgw:w Mrphpaq njitg:gLk:/
4/ gFjpiag: goj:Jr: bra:jpia kl:Lk: mwpe:J tpdhf:fSf:F tpil TWk:
epiy kl:Lk: Vw:gl:L tpLjy: TLk:/

3.1 gapw;rp ~ fPH;f;fz;l bra;a[is thrpj;J gpd;tUk;

nfs;tpfSf;Fg; gjpyspj;jy;/

ePjpbewp tpsf;fk;

bka;tUj;jk; ghuhu; grpnehf;fhu; fz;J";rhu;

vt;bttu; jPika[ nkw;bfhs;shu; - brt;tp
mUika[k; ghuhu; mtkjpg;g['; bfhs;shu;
fUknk fz;zhap dhu;

15
1/ fPH;f;fhZk; bra;a[sof;F Vw;w fUj;ij vGJf/
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////brt;tp
mUika[k; ghuhu; mtkjpg;g['; bfhs;shu;
fUknk fz;zhap dhu;

fUj;J`
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

2/ mU";brhw;fSf;F Vw;w bghUs; jUf

2/1 bka; - //////////////////////////////////////////////

2/2 brt;tp- /////////////////////////////////////////////
2/3 fUkk; - /////////////////////////////////////////////
2/4 mUik- ////////////////////////////////////////////

16
 3.2 gapw;rp ~ fPH;f;fz;l ghly;fisg; gho kfpG';fs;/
,g;ghly;fis c';fs; fw;wy; fw;gpj;jypy;
gad;gLj;J';fs;/

1/ epyhg; ghl;L

epyh epyh th th

epy;yhky; Xo th

kiy nkny Vwp th

ky;ypifg; g{f; bfhz;L th

eL tPl;oy; it

ey;y Jjp bra;

2/ tisay;

tisanyh tisay;

fz;zho tisay;

bry;y kf;fs; thU';fs;

bry;yf; ifia ePl;L';fs;

if epiwa mLf;fyhk;

FYf;fpf; FYf;fp elf;fyhk;/

17
 3. mg;gg;gh

ve;jd; ngnuh cilag;gh - vd;

mg;gh ngnuh rilag;gh - mth;

ifapy; ,Ug;gJ Filag;gh - mth;

tpUk;gpj; jpd;gJ tilag;gh .

4 rha[J
My kuk; rha[J

mj;jp kuk; rha[J

g[spa kuk; rha[J

g[';f kuk; rha[J

mLj;j tPlL
; mf;fh kuk;

monahl rha[J/

5/ rpj;jpiu itfhrp
rpj;jpiu itfhrp

ghlj;ij eP thrp

Mzp Mo

thdj;jpy; fhw;who

Mtzp g[ul;lhrp

tlf;Fg; gf;fk; fhrp

18
 Ig;grp fhh;j;jpif

ahidf;F ,Ug;gJ Jk;gpf;if

khh;fHp ij

FHe;ij Ml;LtJ if

khrp g';Fdp

,e;jh xU kh';fdp/

rpWth; ehl;Lg;g[wg; ghly;fs;

Kidtu; KuR. beLkhwd;

gho kfpH;e;jPu;fsh? c';fSf;Fg; ghuhl;Lfs;/

19
myF 10 ,yf;fpak; fw;gpj;jy;

Jiyg;g[ 4 fij fw;gpj;jy;

gapw;rp Mrpupau;fns! fle;j jiyg;igg; nghy fij fw;gpj;jYk;

khztu;fAf;F kpFe;j kfpH;r;rpiaj; jUbkd;gjpy; fp";rpw;Wk; Iakpy;iy/
fij vd;whny khztu;fSf;F bty;yj; fUk;g[jhnd/

4/1 fij fw;gpj;jy;

fij TWk; Mrpupauplj;Jr; rpwe;j eog;ghw;wnyhL Toa ntW rpy TWfSk;

kpf mtrpakhfpwJ/ khztu; tajpw;Fk;. csg;gh';fpw;Fk;. tFg;gpw;Fk;
bghUe;Jfpd;w Kiwapy; fijiaefu;j;jpr; bry;y MrpupaUf;F fPH;f;fz;l
bray;ghLfs;; Kf;fpakhFk;/

1. khzth;fisg; ghh;j;J fijfis ey;y czh;r;rpa[ld; brhy;y ntz;Lk;/

2. khzth;fs; cw;rhfk; bfhs;SkhW Mh;tj;Jld; brhy;y ntz;Lk;
3. khzth;fs; vspjpy; tps';fpf; bfhs;sf;Toa fijfisr; brhy;y
ntz;Lk;/
4. khzth;fspd; mwpt[ epiy tFg;gpw;Fk; Vw;w fijfisr; brhy;y ntz;Lk;/
5. fijiar; brhe;j eilapy; brhy;y ntz;Lk;/ gog;gJ nghyr; brhy;yf;
TlhJ/
6. fij epfH;r;rpf;F Vw;g Kfghtk;. Fuy; Kjypatw;iw khw;wpf; bfhs;s
ntz;Lk;/

20
7. Vw;g[ila gapw;Wj; Jizg; bghUl;fisg; gad;gLj;jp fij TWjy; eyk;
gaf;Fk;/ (v:/fh/ bghk;ikfs;. ,ir. gl';fs;)
8. fijapy; cs;s ePjpia khzth;fs; czUkhW bra;a ntz;Lk;/
9. btspg;gilahff; TWjy; Vw;g[ilajd;W/
10. fijr; brhy;y ePz;l neuk; vLj;Jf; bfhs;sf; TlhJ/ khzth;fSf;F
rPf;fpuk; fiyg;g[ cz;lhFk;/

4/2 fij fw;gpj;jypd; nehf;fk;

 kfpH;r;rpa{l;ly;
 md;ig tsh;j;jy;
 czh;r;rpia btspaply;
 ftdpf;Fe; jpwid mjpfhpj;jy;
 gs;spapd;ghy; gw;iw Vw;gLj;Jjy;
 ed;dlj;ijapy; epw;wy;
 tha;bkhHpg; gapw;rpia tsh;j;jy;
 gz;ghl;il tsh;j;jy;
 rpe;jid Mw;wiy tsh;j;jy;
 ,iwa[zh;t{l;ly;
 gilg;ghw;wiy tsh;j;jy;
 epidthw;wiya[k; eog;ghw;wiya[k; tsh;j;jy;
 fw;gidahw;wiy tsh;j;jy;
 brhw;fs";rpaj;ijg; bgUf;Fjy;
 ehl;Lg;gw;wpid tsh;j;jy;

21
 4/3 fij fw;gpg;gjhy; Vw;gLk; ed;ikfs;

 kd kfpH;r;rpiaa[k; cw;rhfj;ija[k; jUk;

 gz;g[. ey;byhGf;fk; tsUk;/
 fw;gid. epidthw;wy; tsUk;/
 ey;y bghGJ nghf;fhf mika[k;/
 cw;W nehf;fpf; ftdpf;Fk; gz;ig tsh;f;Fk;/
 kf;fsplj;Jk;. gpd; [ caph;fsplj;Jk; md;ig tsh;f;Fk;/

4/4 fij fw;gpj;jypy; jpwd; xU';fpizg;g[

bkhHpg; ghlj;jpy; mog;gilj; jpwd;fs; nfl;ly;. ngr;R thrpg;g[. vGj;J

vd;gd/ ,e;ehd;F jpwd;fspYk; gapw;rpaspf;ff; fijfs; cjt[fpd;wd/

fij fw;gpj;jYf;fhz Vw;g[ila xU';fpizg;g[j; jpwd;fs;;

( 1/5. 1/8. 1/16. 2/12. 2/13. 3/6. 3/16 )

22
 4/5 Muk;g gs;sp khzth;fSf;F Vw;w fij
tiffs;

 g";rje;jpuf; fijfs;
( gpuhzpfs;. kuk;. bro ngRk; tiff; fijfs; )

 nkhfpdp. tpnuhjf; fijfs;

( myht[jPDk; mw;g[j tpsf;Fk;)

 ehnlhof;fijfs; - njrp';Fuh$d;

 g[uhzf;fijfs; - ,uhkhazk;. kfhghujk;

 tuyhw;Wf; fijfs; - m'; Jth. kNhp

 thH;f;if tuyhw;Wf; fijfs; - J';F mg;Jy; u&;khd;

 mwptpay;; fijfs; - mwptpay;; bjhlh;ghd bra;jpfs; ml';fpa fijfs;

 tpnehjf; fijfs; - tpf;fpukhjpj;jd; fijfs;

 ed;bdwpf; fijfs; - gs;spj; J}a;ik

 fhg;gpaf;; fijfs; - rpyg;gjpfhuk;. kzpnkfiy

23
 1/1 gapw;rp

ghlj;jpl;l tpsf;ft[iuapy; fij fw;gpj;jYf;fhfg; ghpe;Jiuf;fg;gl;l

eltof;iffis Mz;L thupahf Muha;e;J vGJf/

Mz;L eltof;iffs;
1

24
 4/6 Muk;gg; gs;spg; ghlj;jpl;lj;jpy; fij fw;gpj;jYf;F
Vw;w jpwd;fs;

nfl;ly; ngr;R

1/5 bghUs;. glk; Mfpatw;wpd; Jiza[ld; tptupj;Jf; TWtu;/

1/8 brtpkLj;jtw;iw kPz;Lk; TWtu;
1/16 mwpe;j fijiaa[k; fw;gidf; fijiaa[k; TWtu;

thrpg;g[

2/12 fij. ciuahly;.ehlfk; Mfpatw;wpd; fjhghj;jpu';fspd;

gz;g[fis tpsf;Ftu;
2/13 gy;ntW vGj;Jg; got';fis thrpj;Jj; Ja;g;gu;

vGj;J

3/6 thf;fpaj;ij tpupt[gg

; Lj;jp vGJtu;
3/16 jd;fij vGJtu;

25
 4/7 fijfisj; njh;e;bjLf;Fk; Kiw

khzth;fspd; taJ. mwpthw;wy;. juk;. gl;lwpt[.

thH;f;ifr; NHy; Mfpatw;iwr; rPh;J}f;fp njh;e;bjLj;jy;/

fijfs; RUf;fkhf vspjpy; g[hpaf;Toajhf. mjpf

ePskpy;yhky; ,Uj;jy; ntz;Lk;/

mr;r|l;Lk; fijfisa[k; nrhff; fijfisa[k;

jtph;j;jy; ntz;Lk;/

gy;jpw Mw;wiy tsh;f;Fk; tz;zk; mikj;jy; ntz;Lk;/

eifr;Ritf; fijfis mjpfk; njh;e;bjLj;jy;

ntz;Lk;/

gy;tiff; fijfisj; njh;e;bjLj;jy; ntz;Lk;/

4/8 fij fw;gpj;jypy; nfl;ly;. ngr;Rj; jpwd;

eltof;iffs;

fijapd; ikaf; fUj;ijf; nfl;fr; bra;jy;/

nfl;l fijf;F Vw;w jiyg;igf; bfhLf;fr; bra;jy;
nfl;l fijapy; tUk; fij khe;jh;fspd; gz;igf; Twr;
bra;jy;/
nfl;l fijapd; epfH;r;rpfis epuy;glf; Twr; bra;jy;/
fijapy; tUk; tUzidfisf; Twr; bra;jy;/
nfl;l fijia KGikahf TWjy;/
fijapd; Koit Cfpj;Jf; TWjy;/
jdpg;gLk;. bjhlh; gl';fisg; ghh;j;J fijf; TWjy;/
fijia eoj;Jf; fhl;Ljy;/
jiyg;igf; bfhz;L fijia cUthf;fpf; TWjy;/

26
bfhLf;fg;gl;l brhw;fisf; bfhz;L fijia cUthf;fpf;
TWjy;/
nfl;l fijapd; gog;gpidiaf; Twr; bra;jy;/
Mrphpah; Twpaf; fijiar; brhe;j eilapy; TWjy;/

4/9 fij fw;gpj;jypy; thrpg;g[j; jpwd;

eltof;iffs;

fijia tpiuthf thrpf;fg; gzpj;jy;/

fijia bksdkhf thrpf;fg; gzpj;jy;/
thrpj;j fijia kPl;Lk; Twr; bra;jy;/
thrpj;j fijapy; tUk; fij khe;jh;fspd; gz;g[fisf;
Twjy;/
thrpj;j fijapy; tUk; mU";brhw;fis milahsk; fz;L
bghUs; TWjy;/

4/10 fij fw;gpj;jypy; vGj;Jj; jpwd; eltof;iffs;

nfl;l. thrpj;j fijia xl;oa fUj;Jzh; nfs;tpfSf;F

gjpy; vGJjy;/

nfl;l. thrpj;j fijapy; tUk; mU";brhw;fSf;F bghUs;

vGJjy;/

jiyg;igf; bfhz;L fij vGJjy;/

27
 gHbkhHpf;F Vw;w fij vGjr; bra;jy;/

brhw;fisf; bfhz;L fijiag; g{h;j;jp bra;jy;/

fijapd; epfH;r;rpfis epuy;gLj;jp vGJjy;/

fijapd; epfH;r;rpf;nfw;g gj;jpfis tupirg;gLj;jp

vGJjy;/

4/11 fij fw;gpg;gjw;fhd gapw;Wj;

Jizg;bghUs;fs;

Mrpupau;fns. fij fw;gpf;Fk; nghJ ehk; gy tpjkhd gapw;Wj;

Jizg;bghUs;fisg; gad;gLj;jpdhy; fijg; ghlj;ij capnuhl;lkhf
elj;j Koa[k/; fij fw;gpj;jYf;F Vw;gi
[ la
gapw;Wj; Jizg;bghUs;fs;……//////////////

 jdpg;gl';fs;

 bjhlu;gl';fs;

 thrpg;g[g; gDty;fs;

 bghk;ikfs;

 xyp ehlhf;fs;

 brwptl;Lfs;

28
myF 10 gapw;wpay;

jiyg;g[ 5 ,izbkhHp.ctikj; bjhlu;.kug[j;

bjhlu;.gHbkhHp . ,ul;ilf; fpstp fw;gpj;jy;

,j;jiyg;gpd; ,Wjpapy; eP';fs; ,izbkhHp. ctikj; bjhlu;. kug[j;

bjhlu;. gHbkhHp. ,ul;ilf; fpstp fw;gpg;gjw;fhd nehf;fk;. Kf;fpaj;Jtk;
Mfpatw;iw mwptnjhL. ghlj;jpl;l tpsf;ft[iuapy; ,tw;iwf;
fw;gpg;gjw;fhf gupe;Jiuf;fg;gl;l eltof;iffis mwpe;J fw;gpj;jiy
brk;ikahf nkw;bfhs;tPu;/

5/1 ,izbkhHp. ctikj;bjhlq. kug[jb

; jhlq. gHbkhHp.
,ul;ilf; fpstp fw;gpj;jy;;

knyrpa fy;tpahdJ ,iwek;gpf;if. ,iwtHp epw;wy; vDk;

mog;gilapy; mwpthw;wy;. Md;kPfk;. cs;sk;. cly; Mfpait xd;wpize;J
rkd;epiya[k; ,iag[[k; bgw kdpjhpd; Mw;wiy KGikahf nkk;gLj;Jk; xU
bjhlq Kaw;rpahFk;/ ,k;Kaw;rpahdJ mwpt[. rhy;g[. ed;bdwp.
bghWg;g[zqr;rp. ey;thH;t[ bgWk; Mw;wy; Mfpatw;iwg; bgw;Wf;
FLk;gj;jpw;Fk; rKjhaj;jpw;Fk; ehl;ow;Fk; xUikghl;ila[k.; brHpg;iga[k;
ey;Fk; knyrpaiu cUthf;Fk; nehf;fj;ijf; bfhz;ljhFk;/ ,jd;
mog;gilapy; jkpH; bkhHp ghlj;jpl;lj;jpy; ,izbkhHp. ctikj;bjhlq.
kug[j;bjhlq. gHbkhHp nghd;wit fw;gpf;fg;gLfpd;wJ/ ,jd; tHp knyrpa
fy;tpf; bfhs;ifia mila ,aYk;/

29
 5/2 ,izbkhHp. ctikj;bjhlq. kug[j;bjhlq.
gHbkhHp. ,ul;ilf; fpstp fw;gpj;jypd; nehf;fk;

1/ md;whl ciuahlypYk; Kiwahd NHy;fspYk; ,izbkhHp.

ctikj;bjhlq. kug[j;bjhlq. gHbkhHp nghd;wtw;iw ftdKld;
brtpkLj;Jg; g[hpe;J bfhz;L Ja;j;jy;/

2/ gy;ntW NHy;fSf;F Vw;gr; rhpahd ,izbkhHp. ctikj;bjhlq.

kug[j;bjhlq. gHbkhHp nghd;wtw;iw ruskhf bghUs; gl ngRjy;/

3/ gy;ntW thrpg;g[g; gFjpfisj; jpwk;gl thrpj;J mjpy; fhzg;gLk;

,izbkhHp. ctikj;bjhlq. kug[j;bjhlq. gHbkhHp. ,ul;ilf;
fpstp Mfpatw;iw iftug;bgWjy;/

4/ gy;ntW |y';fspypUe;J jpul;oa ,izbkhHp. ctikj;bjhlq.

kug[j;bjhlq. gHbkhHp Mfpatw;iw rPh; J}f;fpj; bjhpt[bra;J
tha;bkhHpahft[k; vGj;J totj;jpYk; gpwUf;Fj; bjhptpj;jy;/

5/ jd;fUj;ija[k; Vliya[k; tha;bkhHpahft[k; vGj;J totj;jpYk;

Mf;ffukhf tpisgaDs;s tifapy; gilf;Fk; bghGJ ,izbkhHp.
ctikj;bjhlq. kug[j;bjhlq. gHbkhHp nghd;wtw;iw ,izj;Jg;
gilj;jy;/

6/ kdkfpH;r;rp mila ,izbkhHp. ctikj;bjhlq. kug[j;bjhlq.

gHbkhHp Mfpatw;iw ifahSk; gHf;fj;ijg; bgWjy;/

7/ ,izbkhHp. ctikj;bjhlq. kug[j;bjhlq. gHbkhHp tHp ed;bdwpg;

gz;g[. ,zf;fg;nghf;F. ehl;Lg;gw;W Mfpatw;iw tsqj;Jf;
bfhs;Sjy;/

30
 5/3 ,izbkhHp. ctikj;bjhlq. kug[j;bjhlq.
gHbkhHp.,ul;ilf; fpstp fw;gpj;jypd;
Kf;fpaj;Jtk;

fy;tpawpt[ bgWtjw;fhft[k;. md;whl thH;tpd; njitfis epiwt[

bra;J bfhs;tjw;fhft[k;. r|fj; bjhlqg[ bfhs;tjw;fhft[k; njitg;gLk;
jkpH; bkhHp Mw;wiy khztqfs; mila ntz;Lk; vd;gnj jkpH;bkhHpf;
fy;tpnaw;ghl;od; Fwpapyf;fhFk;/ ,izbkhHp. ctikj;bjhlq.
kug[j;bjhlq. gHbkhHp nghd;wit mf;Fwpapyf;if mila[k; nehf;fpy; jkpH;
bkhHp ghlj;jpl;lj;jpy; ,izf;fg;gl;Ls;sd/ bkhHpapd; mzpfshf
tps';Fk; ,it bkhHpf;F xG';Fk; tsKk; mHFk; nrq;f;Fk; gFjpfshf
,izf;fg;gl;Ls;sd/

5/4 ghlj;jpl;l tpsf;ft[iuapy; ,tw;iwf; fw;gpg;gjw;fhfg;

ghpe;Jiuf;fg;gl;l eltof;iffs;

Mrpupau;fns. goepiy 1. goepiy 2 Mfpa tFg;g[fSf;Fwpa ghlj;jpl;l

tpsf;ft[iuapy; gupe;Jiuf;fg;gl;l eltof;iffs; fPnH
bfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;sd/ ,e;;etof;iffisj jtpu;j;J. Vw;g[ila gpw
eltof;iffisj; jh';fs; jahupj;J elj;jyhk;/

bkhHpj;jpwd; eltof;iffs;

31
 ghqj;j mDgtpj;j epfH;t[fisf; TWth;/
nfl;ly; - ngr;R - khztqfs; jkJ mDgt';fisf; TWk; nghJ
,izbkhHpfs;. ctikj;bjhlq. kug[j;bjhlq.
gHbkhHp Mfpatw;iwg; gad;gLj;Jtq/

thrpg;g[g; gFjpapy; tUk; ,izbkhHp.

ctikj;bjhlq. gHbkhHp. kug[j;bjhlq.,ul;ilf;
fpstp nghd;wtw;wpd; bghUs; mwptq;/
- bghUswpe;J thrpj;jy;` g[hpe;J bfhs;Sjy;;/
- NHYf;nfw;gg; gad;gLj;Jjy; /
thrpg;g[ - tpsf;fj;ijj; bjhpt[ bra;J thrpj;jy;;
- fjhghj;jpuj;jpd; Fzj;jpw;nfw;g TWjy; `
vGJjy;/
- thf;fpa';fspy; mikj;J thrpj;jy; /

thrpg;g[gg
; Fjpapd; Kf;fpaf; fUj;Jfis
tifg;gLj;jp xU Kot[f;F tUtq/
- thrpg;g[g; gFjpf;nfw;w gHbkhHpiaf; TWjy;/

vGj;J rhpahd mst[. ,ilbtsp. thptotk; mikg;g[

Mfpatw;nwhL gHbkhHpfs;. kug[[bjhlqfs;
nghd;tw;iw vGJtq/

,izbkhHp. gHbkhHp. kug[j;bjhlq.

ctikj;bjhlq.,ul;ilf; fpstp Mfpatw;iwg;
gad;gLj;jp vGJtq/
- bghUswpe;J vGJjy;/
- thf;fpa';fspy; gad;gLj;Jjy;/
- gj;jpfspy; gad;gLj;jp vGJjy; /

32
myF 10 gapw;wpay;

jiyg;g[ 5 ,yf;fpak; fw;gpj;jYf;fhd fw;wy; fs";rpa';fs;

md;g[ Mrpupau;fns.,e;jj; jiyg;gpd; tHp eP';fs; Muk;gg; gs;spfSf;fhd

jkpH; bkhHpg; ghlj;jpl;lj;jpy; ,lk;bgw;Ws;s ,yf;fpag; gFjpfSf;F Vw;w
jd;ikfis tpsf;Fk; gy;ntW tifapdhyhd totpdhyhd fw;wy;
fs";rpa';fs; cUthf;Fk; jpwid tsu;j;Jf; bfhs;f/

6/1/ bra;a[s;.ghly;.ftpijj; bjhlu;ghd fw;wy; fs";rpa';fs;

6/1/1 rpWtu; ghly;fs; bjhFg;g[

jpul;nlL jahupj;jy;
knyrpahtpy; btsptUk; jkpH; thu khj ,jH;fspd; thapyhft[k;
jkpH; ehspjH;fspd; tHpahft[k; fpilf;fg;bgw;w ghly;fis
khztu; epiyf;nfw;g jpul;nlL jahupf;fg; gzpj;jy;/ v/fhl;L~
 jj;Jtg; ghly;fs;
 ed;bdwpg; ghly;fs;
 fijg; ghly;fs;

1/kh';fha;j; jiy KUfd;

kh';fha;j; jiy KUfd;

k";rs; rl;il khl;o

bkhl;il tz;o Vwp

re;ijf; fil nghdhd;

tpj tpjkha; kpl;lha;

33
 mLf;fLf;fha; fz;lhd;

tpiue; njhog; ngha;

yl;L tpiy nfl;lhd;

yl;L nfl;l igah

Jl;L v';nf ? vd;whd;

kh';fha;j; jiy KUfd;

Jl;L ,y;iy vd;whd;

yl;L kpl;lha;f; fhud;

Jl;L kpy;iy vd;whd; /

brtpkLj;J vGJjy;
khztu; j';fs; jhj;jh ghl;o nghd;w bgupatu;fsplk;
neupilahff; fpilf;fg;bgw;w ghly;fisg; gjpt[ bra;J
kPz;Lk; vGJjy;/v/fh/
 ehl;Lg;g[w ghly;fs;
 jhyhl;Lg; ghly;fs;
1.Tl;Lg; ghl;L

KU';iff;fha;f; Tl;L
KJfpny buz;L nghl;L
thiHf;fha;f; Tl;L
tk;g[g; igaid tpul;L
fj;jhpf;fha;f; Tl;L
fjitr; rhj;jpg; g{l;L.

2/Fjpj;Jj; Fjpj;J

34
 Fjpj;Jj; Fjpj;J MLnthk;
$k; $k; $k;
Fdpe;J ele;J bry;Ynthk;
Rk; Rk; Rk;
iffs; nfhh;j;J MLnthk;
lh lh lh
jhsk; nghl;Lg; ghLnthk;
yh yh yh

6/1/2 ,irg;ghly; vGJjy;

FG Kiwapy; khztu;f;Fg; bghUj;jkhd jiyg;g[fis tH';fp
mjw;nfw;w bkl;il cUthf;fp Rakhf ,irg;ghliy
cUthf;fg; gzpg;gnjhL mtw;iw xyp ehlhtpy; gjpt[ bra;jy; /

6/1/3 ftpij vGJjy;

bfhLf;fg;gl;l fUg;bghUis ikakhff; bfhz;L ftpij
vGJjy;/rpwe;j ftpijfisj; bjupt[ bra;J ,yf;fpag;
ngiHapy; gjpj;J itj;jy;/

6/1/4 bra;a[s; bjhFg;g[

bfhLf;fg;gl;l jiyg;g[f;nfw;w bghUj;jkhd bra;a[isa[k; mJ
czu;j;Jk; ePjpiag; glkhf tiue;J fhl;lg; gzpj;jy;

6/1/5 ftpij. bra;a[s; kddg; nghl;o

khztu; juj;jpw;bfhg;g ftpij. bra;a[s; kddg; nghl;o elj;j
Vw;ghL bra;jy;/

6/1/6 rpw;wpjH; cUthf;fk;

khztu; vGj;jhw;wiy tsu;f;Fk; tpjkhf midj;Jg;
gilg;g[fisa[k; cs;slf;fp khztu;fshnyna jahupf;fg;gl;l
rpw;wpjiH |d;W khjj;jpw;bfhUKiw btspapLjy;/

35
6/2 fijj; bjhlu;ghd fw;wy; fs";rpa';fs;
6/2/1 fijj; bjhFg;g[
jkpH; thu khj ,jH;fspd; thapyhft[k; jkpH; ehspjH;fspd;
tHpahft[k; fpilf;fg;bgw;w gy;ntW rpWtu; fijfis
jiyg;g[fSf;nfw;g ( gpuhzpfs;. ePjpfs;. eifr;Rit ) fijj;
bjhFg;g[ jahupj;jy;/

6/2/2 nfspr; rpj;jpuf; fijfs;

FG Kiwapy; khztu;fs; nfspr; rpj;jpuf; fijfisj; bjhFj;J
j';fSf;Fs; gupkhwpf; bfhs;Sjy;/

6/2/3 fij neuk;

thbdhypapd; tHpahft[k; brwptl;L |ykhft[k; fpilf;fg;bgw;w
fijfSf;Fg; bghUj;jkhd Kf|ofs; jahupj;J eoj;Jf;
fhl;Ljy;/

6/2/4 gl';fs; tiujy;

nfl;l fijfis mog;gilahff; bfhz;L khztu; FG
Kiwapy; bjhlu; gl';fs; tiujy;/

6/3 ,izbkhHp .ctikj; bjhlu;.kug[j; bjhlu;. gHbkhHp bjhlu;ghd

fw;wy; fs";rpa';fs;

6/3/1 FWf;bfGj;Jg; nghl;o

nkw;fz;l ,yf;fpaf; TWfisf; bfhz;L FWf;bfGj;Jg;
nghl;o jahupj;jy;/

6/3/2 gHbkhHpg; ngiH

jpul;o te;j gHbkhHpfis khztu;fs; xt;bthUtuhf
gpwUf;Fj; bjupahky; ghtida[ld; eoj;Jf; fhl;l mjw;nfw;w
gHbkhHpfisf; TWjy;/

36
nkw;nfhs; E}y;fs;

1/ lhf;lu;/ nfhtpe;juhrd;.K/ ( 1990 ) ew;wkpH; gapw;wypd;

nehf;fKk; Kiwa[k/; jpUf;Fkud; gjpg;gfk;.brd;id/

2/ fzgjp/tp/( 2002 ) ew;wkpH; fw;gpf;Fk; Kiwfs;. rhe;jh

gg;sp+u;*;. brd;id/

3/ ,uj;jpdrghgjp.gp/ ( 2000 ) jkpH; fw;f. fw;gpf;f.mk;rh

gjpg;gfk;. brd;id/

4/ Koh Boh Boon, ( 1989 ) Perspektif-perspektif dalam pengajaran

Bahasa Melayu, DBP,K.L.

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