Professional Documents
Culture Documents
စစ္မွန္ေသာဖက္ဒရယ္ျပည္ေထာင္စုစနစ္ဆီသို႔ အပိုင္း ၁၂
စစ္မွန္ေသာဖက္ဒရယ္ျပည္ေထာင္စုစနစ္ဆီသို႔ အပိုင္း ၁၂
POLICY PAPERS,
PAPERS,
LETTERS
AND
S TATEMENT
TEMENTSS
Series Editor:
Lian H. Sakhong
Ethnic National Council
(Union of Burma)
www.encburma.org
Typesetting:
Layout & Design: Sai Mawn (UNLD-LA)
UNLD Press
Chiang Mai, Thailand
2006
Contents:
PART ONE:
Policy Papers
PART TWO:
Burmese section
PART THREE
1. wdkif;&if;om;vlrsdK;rsm;aumifpD.
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PART ONE
POLICY STATEMENT
INTRODUCTION
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BURMA’S PROBLEM
OBJECTIVE
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THE SOLUTION
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A TRANSITION PLAN
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INTERNATIONAL SUPPORT
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General Than Shwe but also with Daw Aung San Suu Kyi;
and endorses the call for the SPDC to:
• Release Daw Aung San Suu Kyi, Hkun Htun Oo and
other political prisoners;
• Engage the NLD and other political parties in a
substantive dialogue; and
• Work out an agreement with the ethnic groups.
The ENC also warmly welcomes the resolutions of the
US Senate and the US House of Representatives calling on
the UN Security Council to take action on Burma.
The Ethnic Nationalities Council (ENC) is concerned
about the political deadlock in Burma, the continuing
systematic violence by the Burmese military against the civilian
population in the ethnic states of the Union of Burma, and
the deteriorating humanitarian situation. The ENC calls on
the international community, especially China, India, ASEAN,
and Bangladesh to -
A. Urgently stop the systematic violence by the Burmese
military against the civilian population in the seven ethnic
states of the Union of Burma resulting from the military’s
“Four Cuts Strategy” to deny - food; human resources;
intelligence / information; and communications /
transportation - to the ethnic resistance;
B. Urgently find ways and means to deliver humanitarian
aid directly to the people of Burma especially to the
most vulnerable populations in the ethnic states. The aid
must be delivered from inside Burma and from
neighbouring states to areas not accessible from the
inside.
C. Urgently mediate a reconciliation process that is inclusive,
democratic and comprehensive, to break the political
deadlock in Burma, and to facilitate a transition to
democracy.
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Advisors:
1) Khon Teddy Buri M.P., Chairman of MPU
2) Khon Marko Ban M.P., Chairman of UNLD-LA
3) U Daniel Aung M.P., Chairman of LNDP
4) Dr. Za Hlei Thang M.P., Chairman of CNLD-Exile
5) Pu Lian Uk M.P., Chin State
6) Sao Seng Suk Chairman of SDU
7) Sao Harn Yawnghwe Director, Euro-Burma Office
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MEMBERS OF
THE ETHNIC NATIONALITIES COUNCIL
Arakan State
1. U Maung Maung CEC member
2. Prof. Tint Zaw Member
3. Khiang Myo Min Member
4. Saw M’ra Raza Lin Women’s Representative
5. Linn Htet Youth Representative
Chin State
1. Thang Lian Pau, M.P. CEC member
2. Thomas Thangnou Member
3. S. T. Chozah Member
4. Pi Sangpui Women’s Representative
5. Salai Ni Bawi Youth Representative
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Kachin State
1. Duwa Laraw Bawnwang CEC member
2. Ms Mung Mai Member
3. – To be sent - Member
4. Daw Linda Lahtaw Women’s Representative
5. Z. Di La Youth Representative
Karen State
1. Saw Ba Thien Sein CEC member
2. Saw David Tharckabaw Member
3. Mahn Myo Myint Member
4. Naw K’nwar Paw Women’s Representative
5. Saw Hla Htun Youth Representative
Karenni State
1. Khu Hteh Bupeh CEC member
2. General Aung Than Lay Member
3. Khon Rimond Htoo Member
4. Moe Thura Paw Women’s Representative
5. L. Dinna (Ms) Youth Representative
Mon State
1. Nai Mehm Thein Gha CEC member
2. Nai Thaung Sein, M.P. Member
3. Nai Banya Mon Member
4. Mi Sem Chan Women’s Representative
5. Mi Thike Thaw (Ms) Youth Representative
Shan State
1. – To be sent - Member (Shan)
2. Hkun Okker Member (Pa-O)
3. – To be sent - Member (Wa)
4. Ja Phu Lone Member (Lahu)
5. – Declined - Member (Palaung)
6. Daw Shirley Seng Member (Kachin)
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2006-05-16
17
THE NEW PANGLONG INITIATIVE:
2002
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Background
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Conclusion
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ROAD MAP FOR REBUILDING
THE UNION OF BURMA
(Pyi – Daung – Su Myanmar Naing – Ngan)
(2003, Revised in June 2006)
ENC Policy Papers, Letters & Statements
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STAGE – I (2 YEARS)
I. DIALOGUE
The current administration will immediately enter into
negotiation with
- representatives of the 1990 election winning parties, and
- representatives of the ethnic nationalities
During the two years negotiation period while the details of
the national Accord are worked out, the following will take
place
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3. EU
4. Japan
5. Norway
6. USA
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V. HUMANITARIAN AID
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STAGE – II ( 4 YEARS)
IX. REFERENDUM
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X. GENERAL ELECTIONS
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CONCLUSION:
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@@@@@@@
40
OUR FUTURE IN
THE 21ST CENTURY
(Union of Burma)
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may solve the problem for us.If this were to happen, will
the Union of Burma be able to continue to survive as a
nation? The situation is becoming dangerous and worrisome.
State: Divisions:
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HOPE- People need to feel that there is hope for the future
that change is taking place, and that thing will get better.
Leaders must encourage people to try new things without
fear of failure, punishment or reprisals.
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better diet and a better health care system. This will boost
the productivity and the creativity of the people.
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@@@@@@@
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STATEMENT ON
THE HUMANITARIAN CRISIS &
INTERNATIONAL AID TO
THE UNION OF BURMA
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Forced Labour
Villagers in ethnic nationalities areas are forced to labor on
infrastructure development projects, income generating
projects for the military, and forced to perform support
services, such as fetching water, cleaning, cutting bamboo,
or cultivating food crops. Porters are beaten and used as
human minesweepers and human shields during military
operations. The aged, women and children are not exempt.
Girls and women are also brutally gang-raped, or raped
repeatedly while serving as porters or forced labour.
Legislation introduced by the SPDC in 2001 has had limited
impact.
The ENC requests the international community to seek
to provide the villagers in ethnic nationalities areas with -
1. Access to an international authority;
2. Protection;
3. Counseling for rape victims and children in their own
language;
4. Counseling for abuse victims in their own language;
5. Basic education in their own language on their rights;
Refugees
An estimated 600,000 refugees (mostly ethnic nationalities)
currently live in neighboring countries. Approximately
150,000 are provided with shelter and protection on the
Thai border. Others are not recognized and live outside
camps, without any assistance. They survive as illegal
immigrants, and are exploited, trafficked, or forcibly
repatriated. The total number of children living in refugee
camps is over 50,000 (Note: Children over 12 in Karen and
Mon societies and over 14 in Karenni society are classified
as adults. Therefore, the number of children is actually
higher).
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Trafficking
Child prostitution and trafficking in women and girls are a
major problem. The U.S. State Department listed Burma as
a country of origin for women and girls trafficked to
Thailand, China, Taiwan, Malaysia, Pakistan, and Japan for
sexual exploitation, domestic and factory work.
The ENC requests the international community to seek
to provide ethnic nationalities women in their homelands with -
1. Counseling in their own language on the dangers of
working abroad;
2. Shelter and rehabilitation for rescued victims of
trafficking;
3. Access to vocational training in their own language;
4. Livelihood opportunities.
Health
The healthcare system in the Union of Burma is
discriminatory. Access depends upon an individual’s ethnic
background, income, or whether one is a civilian or military
person. Ethnic nationalities children have extremely limited
access to health care, hospitals and immunization. Health
problems disproportionately affects the border areas.
According to the World Bank, 25% of households in the
Union of Burma have incomes below the minimum
subsistence level and 70% of household expenditures is for
food. Therefore, many families cannot afford basic health
services especially in the ethnic nationalities areas. According
to UNICEF, over 92,500 children will die before they reach
their first birthday and another about 140,000 children will
die before the age of 5. Most of them will be from the
border areas. The main causes of premature death are
malaria, tuberculosis, HIV/AIDS, acute respiratory infections,
and diarrheal diseases. In addition, more than 30% of children
aged under 5 will become malnourished, most probably
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when they are between 1-3 years old. The problem is much
worse in ethnic nationalities areas.
The ENC requests the international community to seek
to provide the villagers in ethnic nationalities areas with -
1. Access to clean water;
2. Access to basic health care in their own language;
3. Basic hygiene and health care education in their own
language;
4. Pre-natal and Maternal care education in their own
language;
5. Food;
6. Vaccination against common preventable diseases;
7. Malaria control;
8. Tuberculosis prevention and treatment;
9. Sanitation facilities;
AIDS
UNAIDS estimates that 530,000 people (2% of the
population aged 15-49) are infected with HIV. Some 180,000
of those infected are women, and another 14,000 are
children. HIV incidence is high at major border crossings in
ethnic nationalities areas.
The ENC requests the international community to
expand the UN Joint Action Plan on HIV/AIDS to reach
the most vulnerable populations in ethnic nationalities areas.
Landmines
Landmine affects 9 out of 14 of the states and
administrative divisions of the Union of Burma with a heavy
concentration in the east. Karen, Karenni and Shan States
are the worst affected. Landmines are used by the Burma
Army and ethnic armies. Villagers are used as human
minesweepers by the Burma Army in military operations.
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Child Soldiers
The Coalition to Stop the Use of Child Labour estimates
that 50,000 children are serving as soldiers in the Union of
Burma - in the Burma Army and in the ethnic armies. This
makes the Union the largest user of child soldiers in the
world.
The ENC also call for an end to the use of children as
soldiers in the Union of Burma and calls on the international
community to provide demobilized child soldiers in the
ethnic nationalities areas with -
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1. Protection;
2. Shelter and foster care;
3. Food and water;
4. Access to basic health care in their own language;
5. Access to basic education in their own language;
6. Access to secondary education;
7. Access to English language and computer training;
8. Access to vocational training;
9. Livelihood opportunities.
Poverty
The World Bank, based on a national government survey
of household income and expenditures in 1997, estimates
that about 25% of the population, or thirteen million people,
are living below minimum subsistence level, with another
five million living just above it. Since this household survey
was conducted the economic situation has worsened and an
even greater proportion of the population is now living
below the minimum subsistence level. Of the more than 18
million people living below minimum subsistence level, the
majority of them are in ethnic nationalities areas:
The ENC requests the international community to seek
to provide the villagers in ethnic nationalities areas with -
1. Access to clean water;
2. Access to electricity;
3. Access to communications facilities
4. Access to transportation;
5. Access to markets;
6. Counseling in their own language on economic
opportunities;
7. Access to vocational training in their own language;
8. Access to English language and computer training;
9. Access to information;
10. Livelihood opportunities;
11. Access to passports/travel documents;
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Conclusions
Delegates to the 4th Ethnic Nationalities Conference are very
well aware that the list of requests above is not complete
and that it will be extremely difficult to implement given
present circumstances.
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2005-05-01
Contact:
STATEMENTS
AND
LETTERS
ENC Policy Papers, Letters & Statements
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ENC Policy Papers, Letters & Statements
I also call on you to release Daw Aung San Suu Kyi and
detained political leaders from every party and ethnic group.
We need to build a national consensus and involve people
from every background, sector of society and religion. We
need their active support and participation in the democratic
process to carry out the political, economic and social
reforms you spoke about in your speech. Many minds
working together can resolve problems faster. The Union
of Burma can be a great nation and an example to the world
of how people can work together.
Sincerely,
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ENC Policy Papers, Letters & Statements
Adv
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G @kd wufa&muf
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oifah wmfavsmu f efonf[k rdrt
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ouU&mZf 2005 ckEpS f rwfv (27) &ufae@u Adv k cf sKyfrLS ;}uD;ajym
=um;cJah om rde@f ceG ;f Yyg&cdS ohJ nft
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rsm;tzJ@G (tmqD,)H wd@k EiS hf eD;uyfpmG yl;aygi;f aqmif&u G af &; yifjzpfygonf?
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I would like to thank you for the efforts you have personally
made for the people of the Union of Burma. It is much
appreciated that in spite of your busy schedule and the many
pressing issues that you have to deal with in the world, you
have made time for Burma. My colleagues and I were
encouraged when you met with Senior General Than Shwe
in Indonesia in April 2005.
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Sincerely,
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Sincerely yours,
October 4, 2006
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STATEMENTS
ENC Policy Papers, Letters & Statements
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Advisors:
(i) Mahn Aung Than Lay (KNPP)
(ii) Sao Harn Yawnghwe Euro-Burma Office
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pepfukd w&m;0ifxal xmif Edik af &;twGuf Edik if aH wmfz@JG pnf;tkycf sKyfykH
tajccHOya'w&yfukd a&;qGjJ yXmef;Edik &f ef 1996 ckEpS w f iG f &yfqikd ;f
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7// xd@k a=umifw h ikd ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm;aumifpt D aejzifh wdik ;f &if;om; pnf;
vH;k nD!w G af &;ESihf trsKd ;om;&I =um;apha&;udk a&S@&E_ ikd &f eftwGuf
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Does not include the political parties that won the 1990
general elections. Their leaders are in fact under detention;
Does not reflect the aspirations of the ethnic ceasefire
groups who have repeatedly called for a dialogue on
the future of Burma. Some of their leaders have been
detained;
Procedures are not democratic or transparent. The
delegates to the National Convention are not allowed
to freely and openly debate the constitutional principles
proposed by the SPDC. It is also illegal to discuss the
constitution outside the National Convention.
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2005-03-05
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2005-12-14
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PART THREE
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Burmese Section
ENC Policy Papers, Letters & Statements
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onf?
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tjrif=unfvifrr_ &Sad =umif; oH;k oyfv@kd &ygonf? qdv k okd nfrmS usaemf
wd@k twGi;f rSmonfyifv#if ENSCC acgi;f aqmifrt _ ay: tjrifr=unfvif
onfo h abm tuJjzwfI &ygonf? xdak =umifh wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm;.
pnf;vH;k nD!w G rf u
_ kd ydrk u
kd spv
f pfapa&; twGuf ENC udk xyfrzH @GJ pnf;
&jyefonf? ,ae@umvwGif ENC .v_y&f mS ;r_onf ydrk w kd nf+idrv f m
onf[k oH;k oyfI&ygonf? od@k &mwGif Edik if aH &;jy\em&yfrsm;udk Edik if aH &;
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av;pm;pGmjzifh
apmboifped f
OuUX
wdkif;&if;om;vlrsdK;rsm;aumifpD
(jynfaxmifpjk refrmEdik if )H
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pwkˆt}udrfajrmufwkdif;&if;om;vlrsKd;rsm;nDvmcHodk@
wdkif;&if;om;vlrsdK;rsm;aumifpD
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taxGaxGtwGi;f a&;rSL; .
vkyif ef;tpD&ifcpH m
2005 ckESpf {+yD (28) &ufrS arv (1) &uf
ENC Policy Papers, Letters & Statements
&nf&,
G cf surf sm;
wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm;aumifpu
D kd zJ@G pnf;xlaxmif&jcif;. &nf&,
G cf suf
rsm;rSm —
(1) ppfreS af omzuf'&,fjynfaxmifpx k al xmifa&;
(2) trsKd ;om;wef;wla&;ESihf ud, k yf ikd jf yXmef;cGi&hf &Sad &;
(3) 'Dru
kd a&pDEikd if aH wmfxal xmifa&;ESihf
(4) ppftm%m&Sipf epfzsuo f rd ;f a&;wd@k yifjzpfygonf?
r[mAsL[mESiehf nf;AsL[mrsm;
wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm;aumifp. D r[mAsL[m&nfreS ;f csuyf ef;wdik o f nf —
1997 ckEpS w f iG f usi;f ycJah om yxrt}udrw f ikd ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm;ES;D aESm
zvS,yf w GJ iG f qH;k jzwfcsucf srw
S cf o
hJ nfh “r,foa&mxmoabmwlncD su”f
(Mae Tha Raw Ta Agreement) wGiyf g&o dS nft h wdik ;f jzpfonf? ,if;
wd@k rmS —
(u) ppfreS af omzuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk wnfaqmufa&;onf rdrw
d @kd qifEGJ
aeaom awmfvSefa&;. tEdWryef;wdkifjzpfa=umif; xyfavmif;
twnfjyK ygonf?
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(c) xdk &nfreS ;f csuyf ef;wdik f a&muf&EdS ikd af &;twGuf “oH;k yGiq
hf ikd af qG;aEG;yJ”G
jzifh ,ae@&ifqdkifae&aom EdkifiHa&;jy\emrsm; ajz&Sif;a&;udk
rdrwd @kd . Edik if aH &;r[mAsL[mtjzpf xyfavmif; twnfjyKygonf?
(*) xdo k ;kH yGiq
hf ikd af qG;aEG;yJw
G iG f 1994 ckEpS f urBmu
h vk or*~ taxGaxG
nDvmcH. qH;k jzwfcsut f wdik ;f vuf&pdS pftpd;k & etz/ a':atmif
qef;pk=unfO;D aqmifxm;aom 'Dru kd a&pDtiftm;pkrsm;ESihf rdrw
d @kd
wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ; rsm;yg0if=u&rnf[k xyfavmif;twnfjyKonf?
wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm;aumifpD vufcu H sio
hf ;kH &rnfh enf;AsL[mvkyf
ief;pOfrsm;udk ouU&mZf 2004 ckEpS f arv (12) &ufae@rS (14) &ufae@
txd usi;f ycJah om wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm;aumifp. D 'kw, d t}urd f yHrk eS f
tpnf;ta0;wGif atmufygtwdik ;f qH;k jzwfcsucf srw S cf yhJ gonf? ‚if;wd@k rmS
—
(1) a':atmifqef;pk=unf OD;aqmifaom trsKd ;om;'Dru kd a&pDtzJ@G csKyf
ESihf 'Dru
kd a&pDtiftm;pkrsm;udk tpGr;f ukeu
f n
l yD yhH ;kd &ef/
(2) jynfwiG ;f &Sw
d ikd ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm;. Edik if aH &;tzJ@G tpnf;rsm;jzpf=u
onfh jynfaxmifpkwdkif;&if;om;vlrsdK;rsm; 'Drdkua&pDtzJG@csKyf
(UNLD)/ nD!w G af omwdik ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm;. r[mrdwt f pnf;
t&H;k (UNA) ESihf typftcwf&yfpx J m;onfh wdik ;f &if;om;vufeuf
udik af wmfveS af &;tzJ@G tpnf;rsm;udk tpGr;f ukeu f n l yD yhH ;kd &ef/
(3) jynfyESihf vGwaf jrmufe,fajrrsm;wGif a&muf&adS e=uonfh wdik ;f &if;
om;vlrsKd ;rsm;. vufeufuikd af wmfveS af &;tiftm;pkrsm;/ Edik if aH &;
wyfaygi;f pkrsm;ESihf Edik if aH &;tzJ@G tpnf;rsm;omru 'Dru kd a&pDtif
tm;pkrsm;ESiyhf g em;vnfr&_ ,lI 'Dru kd a&pDta&;awmfy}kH u;D tjrefq;kH
atmifjrifEikd af &;twGuf tpGr;f uke}f udK;yrf;vkyaf qmif&ef/
(4) wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm;. vufeufuikd af wmfveS af &;tiftm;pkrsm;/
Edik if aH &;wyfaygi;f pkrsm;ESihf Edik if aH &;tzJ@G tpnf;rsm;omru 'Dru kd a&pD
tiftm;pkrsm;. Edik if aH &;pGr;f &nfjr‡iw hf ifa&;/ pnf;&H;k a&;pGr;f &nfw;kd
wufa&;ESifh r[mAsL[mnd‡Ed_if;aqmif&Gufr_rsm; ydkrdkxda&muf
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ENC Policy Papers, Letters & Statements
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpw
k nfaqmufa&;pDrcH suf
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ENC Policy Papers, Letters & Statements
wdkif;&if;om;vlrsdK;rsm;aoG;pnf;nD!Gwfa&;ESifh yl;aygif;aqmif&Gufa&;
aumfrwD (ENSCC) . OuUX}uD;jzpfaom Dr. Chao Tzang
Yawnghwe onf ouU&mZf 2004 ckEpS f Zlvikd v f (24) &ufae@wiG f
uae'gEdkifiH Aeful;Am;+rdK@wGif uG,fvGeftedpPa&muf&SdoGm;ygojzifh/
ouU&mZf 2004 ckEpS f =o*kwv f (19 - 20) &ufae@rsm;wGif usi;f ycJo h nfh
ENC . wwd,t}ur dt f pnf;ta0;wGif 0rf;enf;*k%jf yKa=umif; atmuf
ygtwdik ;f rSww
f rf;wifcyhJ gonf?
wdkif;&if;om;vlrsdK;aumifpD (ENC) . vkyfief;aumifrwDjzpfaom wdkif;
&if;om;vlrsdK;rsm; aoG;pnf;nD!Gwfa&;ESifh yl;aygif;aqmif&Gufa&; aumf
rwD (ENSCC) . OuUX}uD; Dr. Chao Tzang Yawnghwe onf jynf
axmifpkta&;ESifh wdkif;&if;om;vlrsdK;rsm;.ta&;udk ESpfaygif;rsm;pGm
}udK;yrf;aqmif&GufcJhaom acgif;aqmif}uD;wOD;jzpfa=umif; u|Efkyfwdk@
ENC ESihf ENSCC tzJG@0ifrsm;tm;vHk;rS wnDw!Gwfwnf; oabmwl
todtrSwfjyKonf?
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vkyif ef;aqmif&u
G cf surf sm;
ouU&mZf 2004 =o*kwv f (28) &ufrS (30) &uftxd usi;f ycJah om yxr
t}urd rf [mAsL[mndE‡ i_d ;f tpnf;ta0;od@k wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm;. Edik if H
a&;ygwrD sm;/ wyfaygi;f pkrsm;/ vufeufuikd af wmfveS af &;tiftm;pkrsm;/
trsdK;orD; ESifh vli,ftzJG@tpnf;rsm;/ vlxktzJG@tpnf;rsm;rS acgif;
aqmifrsm; (40) ausmw f ufa&mufc=hJ uygonf? xdk r[mAsL[mndE‡ i_d ;f
tpnf;ta0;rS atmufygq;kH jzwfcsurf sm;udk csrw S Ef ikd cf yhJ gonf?
qH;k jzwfcsuf (1)? ? etzppftpd;k &tay:xm;&Sad om oabmxm;ESihf
qH;k jzwfcsurf sm;?
(u) Power Straggle: ouU&mZf 2004 atmufwb kd mv (18) &ufae@
wGif etz0ef}u;D csKyf Adv
k cf sKy}f u;D cif!eG @f ukd &mxl;rSz,f&mS ;+y;D aetdrf
wGiftus,fcsKyfcsxm;jcif;onf ppftm%m&SifpepfwGif jzpfavh
jzpfx&Sad om tm%mvkyw GJ &yfr#omjzpfa=umif; oabmxm;&S=d u
ygonf?
(c) etzppftpdk;&. 0ef}uD;csKyf AdkvfcsKyf}uD;cif!Gef@udk &mxl;rSz,f
&Sm;jcif;onf‚if;/ etzppftpd;k &twGi;f &mxl;tajymif;tvJvyk I f
cdik ;f xm;jcif;rsm;onf‚if;/ etzppftpd;k &. “ay:vpD” ajymif;vJr_
r[kwf a=umif; oabmxm;&S=d uygonf?
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(2) rdrw
d @kd tm;vH;k . Edik if aH &;OD;wnfcsujf zpfaom 'Dru kd a&pDta&;/
wef;wla&;ESihf ud, k yf ikd jf yXmef;cGi&hf &Sad &; wd@k ukd tmrcHcsuaf y;rnfh
ppfrSefaomzuf'&,fjynfaxmifpkwnfaqmufa&;twGuf
OD;vnfrokef wdu k yf 0GJ ifomG ;&efEiS hf rdrw d @kd . ,cif&yfwnfcsurf sm;
twdik ;f &yfwnfomG ;&ef?
(3) tu,fI etzppftpd;k &u typftcwf&yfpaJ &;tzJ@G rsm;udk
vufeufjzifh xd;k ppfqifwu kd cf u
kd &f ef jyifqifvmygu aomfvnf;
aumif;/ rdrw d @kd vckd siaf om Edik if aH &;yef;wdik rf a&mufcif vufeuf
cs tnHch aH &;udk wdu k w f eG ;f vmygu aomfvnf;aumif;/ etzwd@k
. Road Map twdik ;f Edik if aH wmfz@GJ pnf;yHt k ajccH Oya'a&;
qJ+G y;D jynfv;kH u|wq f ENc, H yl GJ rvkycf if vufeufrsm;tyfEiS ;f &rnf
[k twif;t=uyfcikd ;f apvmygu aomfvnf;aumif; trsKd ;om;
nDvmcHrS E_wx f u
G o f mG ;&ef?
(4) typftcwf&yfpx J m;aom tzJ@G tpnf;rsm;taejzifh rdrw d @kd .
vuf&&dS yfwnfcsut f & trsKd ;om;nDvmcHukd wufa&muf=u
aomfvnf;/ rdrw d @kd wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm;. vdv
k m;csurf sm;udk
“waoG;woH” wnf;jzifh qufvuf[pfaºu;G wdu k yf 0GJ ifomG ;&ef
wdu
k w
f eG ;f vdu
k yf gonf?
qH;k jzwfcsuf (3)? ? urBmu
h v
k or*~v+kH cHKa&;aumifp?D
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jynfaxmifpjk refrmEdik if .
H Edik if aH &;t=uyftwnf;udk wu,fvuf
awG@ taumiftxnfazmfajz&Si;f oGm;Edik af &;twGuf rdrw d @kd zufrS
tpGr;f ukeyf g0ifaqmif&u G f oGm;rnf jzpfygonf?
(*) xdok @kd urBmu
h v
k or*~v+kH cHKa&;aumifpu D jynfaxmifpjk refrmEdik if H
.ta&;udk wdusreS uf efpmG ajz&Si;f Edik af &; twGuf taxmuftul
jyKrnfh okawoepmwrf;rsm;udk rdrdwdk@zufrSjyifqifa&;qJG+yD;
wifoiG ;f rnf?
(u) rdrw
d @kd qifEa$J eaom ta&;awmfy}kH u;D . tEdrW yef;wdik o f nf 'Dru
kd a&pD
ta&;/ wef;wla&;ESihf ud,k yf ikd jf yXmef;cGiw
hf @kd ukd tjynft
h 0tmrcHcsuf
ay;Edkifrnfh ppfrSefaomzuf'&,fjynfaxmifpkEdkifiHawmf wnf
aqmufa&; jzpfa=umif; xyfavmif; twnfjyKygonf?
(c) xdk Edik if aH &;&nfreS ;f csuyf ef;wdik af &muf&EdS ikd af &;twGuf rdrw d @kd a&G;cs,f
xm;aom r[mAsL[monfvnf; “oH;k yGiq hf ikd af wG@qakH qG;aEG;a&;”
ESihf Edik if aH &;jy\emrsm;udk Edik if aH &;enf;jzifh ajz&Si;f oGm;a&;jzpfa=umif;
xyfrt H wnfjyKygonf?
(xdk qH;k jzwfcsu. f qdv k &kd if;onf etzppftpd;k &. 0ef}uD;csKyf Adv
k f
csKyf}uD;cif!eG @f ukd 0ef}uD;csKyftjzpfrS &mxl;z,f&mS ;jcif;ESihf etzppf
tpd;k &twGi;f &mxl;tajymif;tvJvyk af ejcif; tygt0if/ vuf&dS
EdkifiHa&; tajymif;tvJa=umifh rdrdwdk@. r[mAsL[mjzpfaom
“oH;k yGiq hf ikd af wG@qakH qG;aEG;a&;” udk ajymif;vJ&ef rvdt k yfa=umif;/
trSepf ifppf ,ckuo hJ @kd awG@qakH qG;aEG;a&;udk vdv
k m;onf[k emrnf
xGucf ahJ om Adv k cf sKyf}uD;cif!eG @f ukd &mxl;rSz,f&mS ; tusO;f cscx
H m;
jcif;onfyifv#if rdrw d @kd . r[mAsL[m atmifjrifrw _ &yf jzpfonf[k
oHk;oyfEdkifa=umif;/ xdk@a=umifh vuf&Sdtaetxm;wGif rdrdwdk@.
r[mAsL[mudk ajymif;vJ&eftvsO;f r# rvdt k yfa=umif; qH;k jzwf=u
ygonf)?
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ENC Policy Papers, Letters & Statements
onf “jynfaxmifp”k udk pwifxal xmifco hJ l jynfaf xmifpyk ikd &f iS rf sm; jzpf
aoma=umifh ENC udjk ynfe,ftajccHrl (State-based) jzifh zJ@G pnf;jcif;
tm;jzifh “w&m;0ifvyk yf ikd cf iG t
hf m%m” (Legitimacy) tjynft h 0&Sad om
tzJ@G tpnf;jzpfa=umif; urBmudo k ufaoxljyoEdik rf nf[k csrw S cf jhJ cif;jzpf
ygonf?
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ENC Policy Papers, Letters & Statements
pD;yGm;a&;pDru
H ed ;f rsm;/ zH@G +zdK;a&;vkyif ef;pOfrsm; pepfwuscsrw S f taumif
txnfazmf&ef rdrw d @kd wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm;aumifpD (ENC) rS ur
uxjyK vkyaf qmifomG ;oifah =umifh qH;k jzwfcsucf srw S =f uygonf?
rdrw
d @kd qifEa$J eaom ta&;awmfy}kH uD;. atmifyyGJ ef;wdik o
f nf 'Dru
kd a&pD
a&;/ wef;wla&;ESifh udk,fydkifjyXmef;cGifhwdk@udk tmrcHcsufay;Edkifonfh
“ppfrSefaomzuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk” xlaxmifa&;yifjzpfygonf? xdk
a=umifh zuf'&,f jynfaxmifppk epfxal xmifEikd af &;twGuf vdt k yfaom
jyifqifrr_ sKd ;pHu
k kd vkyaf qmif&rnf jzpfygonf?
,cktcg trsKd ;om;'Dru kd a&pDwyfaygi;f pk (NDF) ESihf jynfaxmifpk
wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm; 'Dru
kd a&pDtzJ@G csKyf (vGwaf jrmufe,fajr) (UNLD-
LA) wd@k . uruxjyK OD;aqmifrj_ zifh jynfe,f (7) cktwGuf jynfe,f
rsm;zJ@G pnf;yHk tajccHOya' (rl=urf;) a&;qJaG &;vkyif ef;pOf}u;D udk ouU&mZf
2001 rSpI taumiftxnfazmfv#uf&Sdaeygonf? jynfe,frsm;
tm;vHk;twGuf jynfe,fzJG@pnf;yHktajccHOya' (rl=urf;) a&;qJGa&;
aumfrwDrsm;udkvnf; jynfe,ftvdkuf zJG@pnf;EdkifcJhygonf? xdk@jyif
Armjynfe,fz@GJ pnf;a&;twGuf pl;prf;avhvma&;toif;vnf; ay:xGuf
vmygonf? xdjk ynfe,frsm;. jynfe,fz@GJ pnf;yHt k ajccHOya' (rl=urf;)
a&;qJaG &;vkyif ef;rsm;udk taxmuf tuljyKEdik &f ef (NDF) ESihf (UNLD-
LA) wd@k ukd r¾dKifjyKI "Supporting Committee for State Con-
stitutions" SCSC udzk @GJ pnf; Edik cf yhJ gonf?
jynfe,fz@GJ pnf;yHt
k ajccHOya' (rl=urf;) a&;qJaG &;vkyif ef;pOfEiS hf zuf
'&,fpepfavhvma&;vkyif ef;rsm;udk twwfEikd q f ;kH vkyaf qmifcyhJ gaomf
vnf;/ xdx k ufru vkyaf qmif&efomG ;&ef vdt k yf&o
kH mru/ xdv k yk if ef;udk
Edik if aH &;t& — wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm;aumifpD (ENC) . }uD;=uyfvrf;
!Gerf v _ nf; vdt
k yfvmygonf? xdak =umifh ENC . OD;aqmifr_ atmuf
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ENC Policy Papers, Letters & Statements
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ENC Policy Papers, Letters & Statements
(2) apma';Apfawm
(3) vserf e_ ;f qmacgi;f
(4) p0f[efa,mifa[G
(ii) wm0efcaH &;om;rnfph mwrf;
(1) r[mAsL[mqdik &f mudprP sm;
(2) Mapping
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(i) pD;yGm;a&;pDru
H ed ;f a&;qJaG &;&mqyfaumfrwD
(i) wm0efcyH *k Kd~ vfrsm;
(1) p0f[efa,mifa[G (tzJ@G acgi;f aqmif)
(2) rpPvif;'g
(ii) wm0efcaH &;om;rnfph mwrf;
(1) pD;yGm;a&;pDruH ed ;f a&;qJaG &;&mqyfaumfrwDjzpfay: vmEdik f
a&;ESihf ‚if;qyfaumfrwD. a&S@vyk if ef;pOfrsm;wd@k jzpfygonf?
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ENC Policy Papers, Letters & Statements
(u) jynfaxmifpt
k wGi;f &Sd wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;wdik ;f onf vlrsKd ;a&;t&
wef;wl&nfwtl cGit
hf a&;&Sad p&rnf?
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ENC Policy Papers, Letters & Statements
(u) wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;wdik ;f onf Edik if aH &;/ pD;yGm;a&;/ vlra_ &;ESihf ,Ofaus;
r_e,fy,frsm;wGif ud, k yf ikd jf yXmef;cGithf jynft0&S=d uaoma=umifh
rdrw d @kd .Edik if aH &;uH=urRmudk rdrw d @kd bmom/ vGwv f yfpmG qH;k jzwfyikd f
cGi&hf dS =uygonf?
(c) jynfaxmifpt k zJ@G 0ifjynfe,frsm;onf ud,
k yf ikd jf yXmef;cGithf jynft
h 0
&Sd=u&rnfjzpfaoma=umifh EdkifiHa&;tm%m (3) &yfjzpfaom
Oya'jyKtm%m/ tkyfcsKyfa&;tm%mESifh w&m;pD&ifa&;tm%m
rsm;udk zJ@G pnf;tkycf sKyfyt kH ajccHOya'u cGijhf yKonfEiS t hf r# tjynfh
t0usio hf ;kH cGihf &Sad p&rnf?
(*) wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm;. arG;&mygtcGithf a&;tjzpf ydik q
f ikd x
f m;aom
ud,
k yf ikd jf yXmef;cGiu
hf kd rnfonft
h ajctaewGirf S &kwo
f rd ;f [ef@wm;jcif;
r&Sad p&?
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ENC Policy Papers, Letters & Statements
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ENC Policy Papers, Letters & Statements
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ENC Policy Papers, Letters & Statements
a&S@vkyfief;pOfrsm;?
139
ENC Policy Papers, Letters & Statements
wdkif;&if;om;vlrsdK;rsm;aumifpD. EdkifiHa&;&nfrSef;csufyef;wdkifodk@
ta&mufcsDwuf&efa&G;cs,fxm;cJhaom vrf;pOfESifh r[mAsL[monf
“Edik if aH &;jy\emrsm;udk Edik if aH &;enf;jzifh awG@qakH qG;aEG;tajz&Smjcif;”
[lonfh “oH;k yGiq hf ikd af wG@qakH qG;aEG;a&;” yifjzpfygonf? oH;k yGiq
hf ikd af wG@qkH
aqG;aEG;a&;r[mAsL[monf urBmu h vk or*~tygt0if Edik if w H um.
axmufct H m;ay;jcif;omru jynfov l xl w
k &yfv;kH . vdv
k m;axmufcrH _
udv
k nf; tjynft h 0 &&SEd ikd cf yhJ gonf?
wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm;aumifpt
D aejzifh “oH;k yGiq
hf ikd af wG@qakH qG;aEG;
a&;” jzpfay:atmifjrifa&;twGuf taxmuf tuljyKAsL[mrsKd ;pHu k vkd nf;
csrw
S x
f m;cJyh gonf? ‚if;wd@k rmS —ouU&mZf 2001 wGif csrw S cf o
hJ nfh "The
New Panglong Initiative: Rebuilding the Union of Burma";
ouU&mZf 2002 wGiaf qmif&u G cf ahJ om "Ethnic Nationalities Initiative
for Democratic Transation"; ouU&mZf 2003 wGif xkwjf yefco hJ nfh
"Road Map for: Rebuilding the Union of Burm" ESihf ouU&mZf 2004
wGiu f si;f ycJo
h nfh wwd,t}urd f wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm; ES;D aESmzvS,yf wGJ iG f
qH;k jzwfcsucf srw S cf ahJ om — “jynfaxmifpjk yefwnfaqmufa&;pDrcH su”f
rsm; yifjzpfygonf?
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(3) etzppftyk pf u
k kd Edik if aH &;t&xd;k ppfqifEikd af &;?
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jyKvkyf usi;f ycJah om “vlxq k ENc,H yl ”GJ wGif “tvdrk &S”d "No -
Campaign" udk awmiftmz&duEdik if t H wdik ;f twmru/ Edik if H wum
twdkif; twmjzifh atmifjrifpGmqifEJ$EdkifcJhaom tcsufudk
oifcef;pm,loifh ygonf? xdak =umifh ,ckrpS I "No - Campaign"
udk rdrw d @kd rS pwifaqmif&u
G &f ef txl;vdt k yfygonf? ‚if; tqifo h nf
rdrwd @kd tompD;&Edik af om wdu k yf t
GJ qifh wckjzpfyg onf)?
(i) xdrk wS qifw h ufI etzppftyk pf t k aejzifh ‚if;wd@k . Road Map
twdkif;/ EdkifiHzJG@pnf;tkyfcsKyfyHktajccHOya' topfESifhtnD “a&G;
aumufyt GJ opf” usi;f yoGm;ygu ‚if;tqifw h iG v
f nf; xda&mufpmG
xd;k ESuw
f u kd yf 0GJ if&ef tqifoifh jyifqifxm;&ef vdt k yfaeygonf?
(p) etz Road Map aemufq;kH tqifw h iG f a&G;aumufyt GJ opfwiG f
tEdik &f &Sad omygwu D t kd m%mv$aJ &;ESihf tpd;k &topfz@GJ pnf;a&; yg0if
aeygonf? xdo k @dk tpd;k &topfz@GJ pnf;oGm;Ekid yf gu olw@kd taejzifh De-
facto tpd;k &r[kwaf wmhy/J De-jure tpd;k &[k urBmudak =unm
Edkifrnfjzpfygonf? ,if;tqifha&mufoGm;yguvnf; ZJG/ vHk@v
rav#myh J qufvufwu kd yf 0GJ ifomG ;&efjyifqifrr_ sm; jyKvyk o
f ifyh gonf?
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ENC Policy Papers, Letters & Statements
(C) Edik if w
H um&Sd wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm;xH tkypf t k vdu
k pf nf;&H;k a&;c&D;
oGm;a&mufa&;/ (Oyrm — tar&duefjynfaxmifp/k uae'g/ Oa&my/
*syef/ rav;&Sm;/ tdE, Nd ponfEh ikd if rH sm;)?
(i) pnf;&H;k a&;ESihf 0g'jzef@csaD &;vkyif ef; qxufxrf;yd;k aqmif&u
G Ef ikd &f ef
pme,fZif;/ rD', D mrsm;udk wd;k cs@J toH;k csa&;/
(p) wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm;aumifp.
D rl0g'ESihf ay:vpDvyk if ef;pOfrsm;
omru wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm;. Edik if aH &;v_y&f mS ;r_EiS hf ywfoufaom
pmtkypf mwrf;rsm; xkwaf 0a&; ponfw@kd uakd qmif&u G o
f ifyh gonf?
(6) Edik if w
H umpnf;&H;k a&;vkyif ef;pOfrsm;?
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(u) urBmu
h v
k or*~tygt0if Edik if w
H umtzJ@G tpnf;rsm; (UN, ILO
etc...)
(c) tD;,l/ tar&duef/ uae'g/ =opa=w;vs
(*) tmpD,/H *syef/ awmifu;kd &D;,m;/
(C) w&kw/f tdE, Nd ESihf tjcm;tdref ;D csi;f Edik if rH sm;/
(rSwcf su?f Edik if w
H umpnf;&H;k a&;c&D;pOfEiS hf pyfvsO;f I ENC r[m
AsL[mtpnf;ta0;qH;k jzwfcsuf 5 (i) udw k zGJ uf=unh&f &_ ef?
rdrw
d @kd wikd ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm;tm;vH;k wzJ@G EiS w
hf zJ@G t=um; ppfa&;/ Edik if aH &;
ESihf tjcm;enf;vrf;aygi;f pHjk zifh tjyeftvSef tultnDay;jcif;/ yl;aygi;f
aqmif&u G jf cif;rsm;tm; ydrk wkd ;kd wufvyk af qmifomG ;&ef vdtk yfaeouJo h @kd
rdrw d @kd tcsi;f csi;f t=um; r[mAsL[mndE‡ i_d ;f r_rsm;udk xdxad &mufa&muf
aqmif&u G o f mG ;&rnf jzpfayonf?
(9) toGiu
f ;l ajymif;a&;qdik &f m okawoevkyif ef;ESihf jyifqifrr_ sm;?
rdrw
d @kd taejzifh rnfo@kd rnfykH Edik if aH &;t&xd;k ppfqifI etzppftyk pf u k kd
tEdkif,loGm;rnf[laom atmifyJGqDodk@ csDwufa&;r[mAsL[m "A
Winning Strategy" rsm;&Sdxm;&rnfjzpfovdk/ toGiful;ajymif;a&;
umvwGif usio hf ;kH rnfah y:vpD/ toGiu f ;l ajymif;a&;t+yD; aqmif&u G f
&rnfv h yk if ef;rsm;twGuf jyifqifrr_ sm;ESihf okawoevkyif ef;rsm; vkyf
aqmifomG ;&eftxl;vdt k yfaeygonf? xdak =umifh Edik if w
H umwGif a&muf&dS
ae=uaom wdkif;&if;om;vlrsdK;toD;oD;. ynm&Sifrsm;udk pnf;&Hk;I
Tvkyif ef;rsm;udk tpGr;f ukeaf qmif&u G o
f mG ;&efvt kd yfaeygonf?
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ed*Hk;csKyf
av;pm;pGmjzifh
a'guw f m qvdik ;f vserf e_ ;f qmacgi;f
taxGaxGtwGi;f a&;rSL;
wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm;aumifpD (jynfaxmifpjk refrmEdik if )H
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pwkˆt}urd af jrmuf
wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm;nDvmcHq;kH jzwfcsurf sm;
ENC Policy Papers, Letters & Statements
pwkˆt}urd af jrmuf
wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm;nDvmcHq;kH jzwfcsurf sm;
pwkwt
ˆ }udrf wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm;nDvmcH. rSww f rf;wifjcif;/
qH;k jzwfjcif;ESihf xkwjf yefjcif;rsm;/
rSww
f rf;wifjcif;
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(3) vuf&EdS ikd if aH &;oH;k oyfcsurf sm;qdik &f m atmufygpmwrf; oH;k apmif
udv
k nf; nDvmcHrS twnfjyKa=umif; rSww f rf;wiftyfygonf?
(u) cGe;f rwf&u
f bkd ef; wifoiG ;f aom “jynfwiG ;f Edik if aH &;tajctae
oH;k oyfcsu”f pmwrf;/
(c) apma';Apfawm wifoGif;aom “rdrdwdk@tajctaeoHk;oyf
csu”f pmwrf;/
(*) cGe;f w,f'bD ;l &D wifoiG ;f aom “Edik if w
H umtajctaeoH;k oyf
csu”f pmwrf;/
(4) wd k i f ; &if ; om;vl r sd K ;rsm;aumif p D . t}uH a y;yk * d ~ K vf j zpf a om
p0f[efa,mifa[GrS wifoiG ;f onfh “Humanitarian Crisis and
International Aid to the Union of Burma” tygt0if/ vuf&dS
Edik if aH &;tajctaersm;ESihf “State –based” jzifh ENC zJ@G pnf;a&;
qdik &f mpmwrf;udk nDvmcHrt S wnfjyKa=umif; rSww f rf;wif tyfyg
onf?
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(iii) Edik if w
H umpnf;&H;k a&; vkyif ef;pOfrsm;/
(iv) zJ@G pnf;yHt k ajccHOya'a&;&mqdik &f m vkyif ef;pOfrsm;/
(v) pD;yGm;a&;pDru H ed ;f a&;qJaG &;qdik &f m vkyif ef;pOfrsm;/
(vi) r[mAsL[mavhvma&;qdik &f m vkyif ef;pOfrsm;/
(vii) oH;k yGiq hf ikd af wG@qakH qG;aEG;yJjG zpfay:vma&; vkyif ef;pOfrsm;/
(viii)etzppftyk pf u k kd Edik if aH &;t&xd;k ppfqifa&;ESihf zdtm;ay;
a&; vkyif ef;pOfrsm;/
(ix) 'Dru
kd a&pDtoGiu
f ;l ajymif;a&;twGuf jyifqifrq
_ ikd &f m
vkyif ef;pOfrsm;/
(14) wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm;aumifp. D a&S@vyk if ef;pOfrsm;udk vufawG@
taumiftxnfazmf&mwGif taxmuftuljyKaprnfh “vkyif ef;
aumfrwDrsm;” udk vuf&q dS yfaumfrwDrsm;tay: tajccHI atmuf
ygtwdik ;f zJ@G pnf;&ef qH;k jzwfygonf?
(u) Edik if w
H uma&;&maumfrwD/
(c) zJ@G pnf;yHt
k ajccHOya'a&;&maumfrwD/
(*) r[mAsL[mavhvma&;aumfrwD/
(C) pD;yGm;a&;&mpDru H ed ;f a&;&maumfrwD/
(i) pnf;&H;k a&;ESihf jyef=um;a&;aumfrwD/
(15)wdkif;&if;om;vlrsdK;rsm;aumifpD. vkyfief;aumfrwDrsm;taejzifh
oufqdkif&mvkyfief;aumfrwDtvdkuf atmufygOD;pm;ay;vkyfief;
rsm;udk aqmif&u
G of mG ;&efq;kH jzwfygonf?
(u) Edik if w
H uma&;&maumfrwD —
(i) w&kwf/ tdEdN,ESifh tmpD,HEdkifiHrsm;udk yxrOD;pm;ay;
pnf;&H;k &ef/
(ii) urBmu h v k or*~ tcef;u¾jr‡iw hf ifa&;udak qmif&u
G &f ef/
(iii) tD;,l/ tar&duef/ uae'g/ =opa=w;vs/ *syefESifh
tjcm;aom'Dru kd a&pDEikd if rH sm;ESihf qufqaH &; aumif;rGerf _
udk qufvufxed ;f odr;f &ef/
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xkwjf yefa=unmjcif;
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vuf&Sdwdkif;&if;om;vlrsdK;rsm;aumifpDudk qufvufwm0ef
ay;tyfxm;a=umif; qH;k jzwfygonf?
@@@@@@@
159
wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm;aumifpD
(jynfaxmifpjk refrmEdik if )H
taxGaxGtwGi;f a&;rSL; .
(1) etztajctae
etzppftpdk;&onf 'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;udk t=urf;enf;jzifh
zdESdyfESdrfeif;&ef ppf0g'DwpkuzJG@pnf;xm;aom w&m;r0iftpdk;& w&yf
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(2) rdrw
d @kd tajctae
rdrw
d @kd .vuf&EdS ikd if aH &;udk &_a'girhf sKd ;pHjk zifh csO;f uyfo;kH oyfEikd yf gonf?
‚if;wdk@teuf ta&;}uD;aom&_a'gifh ESpfckrSm — 'Drdkua&pDtoGiful;
ajymif;a&;twGuf rdrdwdk@udk,fwdkifzefwD;xm;aom tajctaeESifh
tjcm;wckrmS rdrw d @kd ud, k w f ikd zf efw;D jcif;r[kwb f J jyifyya,m*a=umifh
rdrwd @kd tay:tjyXmef;cHae&aom tajctaeyifjzpfygonf? rdrw d @kd ud,
k f
wdik zf efw;D xm;aom tajctae[kq&kd mY — 'Dru kd a&pDtoGiu f ;l ajymif;
a&;twGuf rdrw d @kd rnfa&G@rnfr# jyifqifrj_ yKvkyo f nf[al om tcsuf
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oH;k oifo
h nf” [laomtcsuu f kd tm&Hpk ;l pdu
k o f nfu rsm;aecJyh gonf?
wenf;tm;jzifq h ykd gu — jynfe,f rsm;nD!w G af &;tzJ@G rw S ifoiG ;f aom
“jynfaxmifppk pfppfr”l onf jynfaxmifpt k pd;k &ESihf jynfe,ftpd;k &rsm;.
qufqaH &;ESihf tm%mcJaG 0a&; (Federal-State Relation) udk OD;pm;
ay;cJoh nf[k qdEk ikd af omfvnf; — jynfe,f rsm;vuf0,fwiG f rnfonfh
tm%mrsm;udx k m;&SI d jynfe,frsm;udk rnfuo hJ @kd z@GJ pnf;&rnf[al om
jynfaxmifpk .tajccHoabmw&m; (Federal Principles) ydkif;wGif
txl;tm;enf;cJo h nfukd awG@&rnfjzpfygonf?
jynfe,frsm;nD!w G af &;tzJ@G rwS ifoiG ;f aom “jynfaxmifppk pfppfr”l
wGif jynfe,fz@GJ pnf;yHrk sm;oD;jcm;a&;qJG jyXmef;a&;/ jynfe,fvw $ af wmf/
jynfe,ftpd;k &ESihf jynfe,fw&m;&H;k csKyfrsm;udk jynfe,fz@GJ pnf;yHt k ajccH
Oya'ESihf tnD oD;jcm;vGwv f yfpmG zJ@G pnf;wnfaxmifa&;rsm; ryg0ifcahJ y?
xdak =umifh “jynfe,frsm;nD!w G af &;tzJ@G ” rS wifoiG ;f aomtqdo k nf
trnfemrtm;jzifh “jynfaxmifppk pfppfr”l [kac:ygaomfvnf; — ‚if;wd@k
.wifjycsufrsm;xJwGif ppfrSefaomjynfaxmifpkpepf.t*F g&yfwcsdK@
ºuGi;f useof mG ;cJyh gonf? xdak =umifh olw@kd .yef;wdik o
f nfvnf; r_e0f g;0g;
r#om jrif&aomyef;wdik f jzpfomG ;cJ&h ygonf?
&Spfav;vHk;ta&;awmfyHkay:ayguf+yD;onfh aemufydkif; rdrdwdk@.
wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm;ESihf 'Dru
kd a&pDtiftm;pkrsm; taejzifh — ta&;
awmfy}kH uD; tEdrW yef;wdik jf zpfaom “ppfreS af omzuf'&,fjynfaxmifp”k
wnfaqmufa&; twGuf jyifqifrr_ sm;ydI k =unfvifjywfom;vmygonf?
yxrumvydik ;f wGif — 'Dru kd a&pDtiftm;pkrsm;ESihf wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;
rsm;t=um; oabmwlncD supf mcsKyfpmwrf;rsm; csKyfqjkd cif;/ (Oyrm —
Adkvfatmifausmfvrf; a=unmcsuf/ rme,fyavmoabmwlpmcsKyf/
r,foa&mxmoabmwlpmcsKyfESifh tem*wfzuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk
zJ@G pnf;aomtcg tajccH&rnfh vrf;!Get f ajccHrrl sm;tay: oabmwl
pmcsKyf æ æ ponfrsm;) ESihf tem*wfzuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk zJ@G pnf;yHk
tajccHOya' (rl=urf;) a&;qJjG cif;rsm;yg0ifaeygonf? ,cktcg 'Dru kd a&pD
tiftm;pkrsm;ESihf wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;aygi;f pHyk ;l aygi;f zJ@G pnf;I taumif
txnfazmfaqmif&u G af eaom "Federal Constitution Drafting and
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rdrw
d @kd bmqufvyk =f urnfenf;?
(u) toGiu
f ;l ajymif;a&;jzpfpOf (Process) pwifa&;?
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(*) Edik if w
H umpnf;&H;k a&;?
'Dru
kd a&pDtoGiu f ;l ajymif;a&; pwifjzpfay:vmEdik af &;twGuf Edik if H
wumpnf;&H;k a&;vkyif ef;rsm;udk qxufxrf;yd;k vkyaf qmifoifyh gonf?
wdkif;&if;om;vlrsdK;rsm;taejzifh — EdkifiHwumpnf;&Hk;a&;vkyfief;udk
aqmif&u G &f mY tm;enf;r_rsm;pGm&Scd yhJ gonf? wenf;tm;jzifq h &kd ygu —
Edik if w
H umpnf;&H;k a&;vkyif ef;wGif rdrw d @kd wikd ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm;rS urux
jyKvkyI f oD;jcm;aqmif&u G af om c&D;pOfr&So d avmufenf;yg;cJo h nfukd
awG@&rnfjzpfygonf? xdak =umifh Edik if w H umpnf;&H;k a&;vkyif ef;udk wdik ;f &if;
om;vlrsKd ;rsm;aumifprD S uuxjyKI vkyaf qmif&efvt kd yf vmrnfjzpf
ygonf? EdkifiHwumpnf;&Hk;a&;vkyfief;udk rnfodk@rnfyHkaqmif&Gufoifh
a=umif; — EdkifiHwumtajc taeESifhwuG qufvufaqG;aEG;oGm;
rnfjzpfygonf?
(3) Edik if w
H umtajctae
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ed*Hk;csKyf
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a'gufwmqvdkif;vsefr_ef; qmacgif;
taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL;
wdkif;&if;om;vlrsdK;rsm;aumifpD
(jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiH)
185
wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm;aumifpD
(jynfaxmifpjk refrmEdik if )H
vkyif ef;tpD&ifcpH m
wdkif;&if;om;vlrsdK;rsm;aumifpD
(jynfaxmifpjk refrmEdik if )H
r[mAsL[mnd‡Ed_if;tpnf;ta0;odk@ wifoGif;aom
taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL;. vkyfief;tpD&ifcHpm
ed'gef;
wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm;aumifpD (jynfaxmifpjk refrmEdik if )H onf 'Dru kd a&
pDa&;/ wef;wla&;ESihf ud, k yf ikd jf yXmef;cGi&hf adS &;twGuf wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;
aygi;f pHrk S Edik if aH &;wyfaygi;f pkrsm;/ vufeufuikd af wmfveS af &; tzJ@G tpnf;
rsm; omru vlxt k ajcjyK tajcjyKtzJ@G tpnf;rsm;jzpfonfh trsKd ;orD;ESihf
vli,ftzJ@G tpnf;rsm;jzifh yl;aygi;f zJ@G pnf;xm;aom jynfaxmifpt k wGi;f &Sd
Xmaewdik ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;aygi;f pHw k @kd . “aumifp”D w&yfyifjzpfygonf? xd@k
a=umifh wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm;aumifp. D Edik if aH &;&nfreS ;f csurf sm;rSm —
(1) ppfreS af om zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpw k nfaqmufa&;
(2) trsKd ;om;wef;wla&;ESihf ud, k yf ikd jf yXmef;cGi&hf &Sad &;
(3) 'Dru
kd a&pDEikd if aH wmfxal xmifa&; ESihf
(4) ppftm%m&Sipf epf zsuo f rd ;f a&; wd@k jzpfygonf?
wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm;aumifpu D a&G;cs,af y;aom Edik if aH &;r[m
AsL[mrSm — EdkifiHa&;jy\emrsm;udk EdkifiHa&;enf;jzifh ajz&Sif;a&;
wnf;[lonfh “oH;k yGiq hf ikd af wG@qHak qG;aEG;a&;” yifjzpfygonf?
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qdik af wG@qakH qG;aEG;yJ”G wGif wdik ;f &if;om; vlrsKd ;rsm;tm;vH;k vdv k m;aom
Edik if aH &;awmif;qdrk u
_ kd wdik ;f &if;om;toHwoHwnf; “One Ethnic Voice”
jzifah wmif;qdak &; [laom “rl” jzifh pwifaqmif&u G cf jhJ cif; jzpfygonf?
oH;k yGiq
hf ikd af wG@qakH qG;aEG;yJt
G wGuf wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm;. jyifqifr_
rSm yxrajcvSr;f w&yftaejzifh ouU&mZf 2001 ckEpS f rwfvwGif wdik ;f
&if;om;vlrsdK;rsm;. t"du EdkifiHa&;wyfaygif;pk}uD; (2) ckjzpfaom
UNLD(LA) ESihf NDF wd@k . }uKd ;yrf;r_jzifh “UNLD-NDF Joint Action
Committee” w&yfukd zJ@G pnf;Edi k cf yhJ gonf? xdEk pS f =o*kwvf xJwiG f usi;f y
cJah om “'kw, d t}udraf jrmuf wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm; ES;D aESmzvS,yf ”GJ
wGif UNLD-NDF Joint Action Committee udk ydrk u kd s,jf yef@aom aumf
rwDjzpfonfh “wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm;aoG;pnf; nD!w G af &;ESihf yl;aygi;f
aqmif&u G af &; umfrwD” (ENSCC) tjzpf wd;k jr‡izhf @GJ pnf;Edik cf yhJ gonf?
avmfc;D vmpcef;wGif usi;f ycJah om 'kw,
d t}udraf jrmufwikd ;f &if;
S af y;onfh ENSCC . Edik if aH &;vkyf
om;vlrsKd ;rsm;ES;D aESmzvS,yf rGJ S csrw
ydik cf iG hf (Mandate) rsm;rSm —
• To undertake pro-active and constructive action to bring
about a peaceful resolution to the political conflict in
Burma through a dialogue process involving the SPDC,
the NLD led by Daw Aung San Suu Kyi, and the ethnic
nationalities, as dialogue partners;
• To consult widely, cooperation, and work closely with
all stakeholders in Burma and with the international
community, international bodies and agencies, the UN,
and humanitarian organizations to resolve the grave
humanitarian cries in Burma, which most seriously affect
the ethnic nationalities population;
• To strive to facilitate an orderly and peaceful democratic
transition in Burma, and to rebuild the country in
accordance with the spirit of Panglong, which is based
on the principle of Equality, Self-determination,
Democracy and Justice.
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ENSCC rS Edi
k if aH &;vrf;jyajryHk (Political Road Map) udx
k w
k jf yefcjhJ cif;
tay: trsKd ;rsKd ;aoma0zefrr_ sm; jyKvkyf cJ=h uyg onf? wcsKd @tjrifrmS —
ENSCC . Edi k if aH &; Mandate onf oH;k yGiq hf ikd af wG@qakH qG;aEG;yJG jzpf
ay:vma&;ESihf Edik if aH &;jy\emrsm;udk Edik if aH &;enf;jzifh ajz&Si;f a&;om
jzpfaoma=umifh — Edik if aH &;jy\emudk Edik if aH &;enf;jzifh ajz&Si;f a&;ESihf
oH;k yGiq hf ikd af wG@qakH qG;aEG;yJjG zpfay:vma&;twGuf r&Srd jzpfvt kd yfaom
Edik if aH &;vrf;jyajryHu k kd xkwjf yefoifah =umif; tcdik tf rmaxmufcH oGm;cJh
=uygonf?
wcsKd @tjrifrmS rl — ENSCC onf aumfrwDw&yfr#omjzpfaom
a=umifh Edik if aH &;vrf;jyajryHu k kd xkwjf yefciG /hf ‚if;udpEP iS yhf wfoufaom
owif;pm&Si;f vif;yJv G yk yf ikd cf iG hf vH;k 0r&Sad =umif;ESihf xdo
k @kd vyk af qmifjcif;onf
“wyfO;D u|jH cif;” jzpfa=umif;/ ouU&mZf 2003 ckEpS f Ed0k ifbmvwGif NDF
XmecsKyf&;kH Y usi;f ycJah om tpnf;ta0;w&yfwiG f t}uD;tus,f a0zef
uef@uu G rf r_ sm; jyKvkycf yhJ gonf? xdo k @kd a0zefuef@uu G cf &hJ o
kH mru —
ENSCC udy k g vdt
k yfygu zsuo f rd ;f ypf&ef vdt k yfa=umif;/ xdak =umifh “wdik ;f
&if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm;ES;D aESmzvS,yf ”GJ udk tjrefq;kH ac:,lI Tudpu P kd aqG;
aEG;&efvtkd yfa=umif; tqdjk yKoGm;cJyh gonf?
xdt
k qdjk yKcsut
f & — wwd,t}urd f “wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm;ES;D aESm
zvS,yf ”GJ udk ouU&mZf 2004 ckEpS f Zefe0g&v
D (28) &ufrS azazmf0g&v D
(2) &ufae@txd avmfc;D vmpcef;wGif usi;f ycJyh gonf? xdk ES;D aESmzvS,yf GJ
od@k wufa&muf vm=uaom wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;aygi;f pHrk S ud,k pf m;vS,f
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ENC Policy Papers, Letters & Statements
193
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ENC Policy Papers, Letters & Statements
196
ENC Policy Papers, Letters & Statements
ENC rS vufawG@taumiftxnfazmfaqmif&u
G af om vkyif ef;rsm;
(c) Edik if w
H umpnf;&H;k a&;c&D;pOfrsm;
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ENC Policy Papers, Letters & Statements
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ENC Policy Papers, Letters & Statements
199
ENC Policy Papers, Letters & Statements
200
ENC Policy Papers, Letters & Statements
201
ENC Policy Papers, Letters & Statements
202
ENC Policy Papers, Letters & Statements
203
ENC Policy Papers, Letters & Statements
204
ENC Policy Papers, Letters & Statements
205
ENC Policy Papers, Letters & Statements
206
ENC Policy Papers, Letters & Statements
(3) tdE,
dN c&D;pOf?
207
ENC Policy Papers, Letters & Statements
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ENC Policy Papers, Letters & Statements
‚if;/ 'Dru
dk a&pDta&; awmfy}kH uD;udk a&S@q;kH rS OD;aqmifwu
kd yf 0JG ifaeaom
“jynfaxmifp. k 'Dru
kd a&pD rdcif}uD;” tjzpf‚if; av;pm;tod trSwjf yK
ygonf?
xdak v;pm;todtrSwjf yKr_tay: tajccHI wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm;
aumifpD. 'Drdkua&pDtiftm;pkrsm;ESifh pnf;vHk;nD!Gwfa&;udk cdkifrm
oxufcikd rf matmif }uKd ;yrf;aqmif&u G af eygonf? wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm;
aumifpt D aejzifh — 1990 =o*kwv f (29) &ufwiG f trsKd ;om;'Dru kd a&pD
tzG@J csKyf (NLD) ESihf jynfaxmifpw k idk ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm; 'Dru dk a&pDtzG@J
csKyf (UNLD) wd@k ESpOf ;D ESpb f uf oabmwlxw k jf yefcahJ om “Advk af tmif
ausmv f rf;a=unmcsu”f udak omf‚if;/ 1997 wGif trsKd ;om;'Dru kd a&pD
wyfaygi;f pk (NDF) OD;aqmifrj_ zifh usi;f ycJah om “yxrt}udrf wkid ;f &if;
om;vlrsdK;rsm; ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJ” rS xkwfjyefcJhonfh “r,foa&mxm
oabmwlncD su”f tay: a':atmifqef;pk=unf. todtrSwjf yKr_ukd
aomf‚if;/ av;pm;todtrSwjf yK+yD; rdrw d @kd . pnf;±H;k a&;ay:vpDtjzpf
qufvuf usio hf ;kH v#u&f adS eygonf?
ed*Hk;csKyf
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ENC Policy Papers, Letters & Statements
210
PART FOUR
zJ@G pnf;yHt
k ajccHOya'
ENC Policy Papers, Letters & Statements
pwkwt
ˆ }udrf wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm;nDvmcHwiG f
twnfjyKjyXmef;xm;aom
wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm;aumifpD
(jynfaxmifpjk refrmEdik if )H
.
zJ@G pnf;yHt
k ajccHOya'
yk'rf (1)
wdkif;&if;om;vlrsdK;rsm;aumifpD (jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiH) Ethnic
Nationalities Council (Union of Burma) [kac: wGiaf p&rnf?
&Sif;vif;csuf?
¡ jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHtwGif;wGif rSDwif;aexdkif=uaom wdkif;&if;om;vlrsdK;rsm;
[kqdk&mY a,bl,tm;jzifh Arm§jrefrm wdkif;&if;om;vlrsdK;rsm;vnf; tyg
t0ifjzpfonf[k qdkEdkifygonf? odk@aomf ,ck zJG@pnf;yHktajccHOya'wGif azmfjyxm;
aom “wdkif;&if;om;vlrsdK;rsm;” [laompum;&yfwGif Arm§jrefrm wdkif;&if;om;
vlrsdK;rsm;taejzifh yg0ifywfoufr_r&Sdao;yg? tb,fa=umifhqdkaomf Arm§ jrefrm
vlrsdK;rsm;udk udk,fpm;jyKaom Arm§jrefrm wdkif;&if;om;vlrsdK;tzJG@tpnf;[lI‚if;/
Arm§jrefrmjynfe,fudk azmfxkwfudk,fpm;jyKxm;aom tzJG@tpnf;[lI‚if;/ ray:
aygufao;onfhtay:wGif Arm§jrefrmwdkif;&if;om;vlrsdK;taeESifh ryg0ifEdkifao;
jcif;omjzpfa=umif; &Sif;vif;tyfygonf¢?
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ENC Policy Papers, Letters & Statements
yk'rf (4)
(1) wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm;aumifpu D kd ucsi/f u&if/ u&ife/D csi;f / rGe/f
&cdik f ESihf &Sr;f jynfe,frsm;udk tajccHIzJ@G pnf;&rnf?
(2) vuf&EdS ikd if aH &;tajctaet& UNLD ESihf NDF Edik if aH &;wyfaygi;f pk
ESpcf uk vkd nf;tajccHI aygi;f pyfz@GJ pnf;&rnf?
¡&Sif;vif;csu?f TjyXmef;csuo
f nf aemifay:ayguv
f mrnfh jynfe,fopfrsm;
twGufaomfvnf;aumif;/ jynfe,fopfrsm;ay:xGef;a&;twGuf zJG@pnf;yHk
tajccHOya'jyXmef;ay;a&;udkaomfvnf;aumif;/ [ef@wm;r_ydwfyifr_ vHk;0
r&Sad p&?¢
yk'rf (5)
(1) ,if;jynfe,f (7) jynfe,fu wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm;aumifpo D @kd
ud, k pf m;vS,f (5) OD;uspD ay;yd@k &rnf?
(2) xdkodk@ay;ydk@&mwGif oufqdkif&mjynfe,fudkudk,fpm;jyK&ef a&G;
aumufwifajr‡mufcH&aom udk,fpm;vS,f (3) OD;/ oufqdkif&m
jynfe,f&dS trsKd ;orD;xkukd ud, k pf m;jyK&ef a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufcH
&aom ud, k pf m;vS,f (1) OD;ESihf oufqikd &f mjynfe,f&dS vli,fxk
udu k , kd pf m;jyKI a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufc&H aom ud, k pf m;vS,f (1)
OD;/ pkpak ygi;f (5) OD;wd@k jzpf&rnf?
(3) od@k &mwGif &Sr;f jynfe,ftwGi;f wGif rwlujGJ ym;aom wkid ;f &if;om;
vlrsKd ;trsm;pkaygi;f aexdik =f uojzifh ‚if;jynfe,ftwGuf ud, k pf m;
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vS,f (5) OD;tpm; ud, k pf m;vS,f (8) OD; ay;yd@k &ef owfrw S of nf?
,if; ud,
k pf m;vS,rf sm;rSm atmufygtwdik ;f jzpfonf?
(u) ,if;jynfe,ftwGi;f &Sd ucsiv f rl sKd ;uduk , kd pf m;jyK&ef a&G;aumuf
wifajr‡mufc&H aom ud, k pf m;vS,f (1) OD;?
(c) ,if;jynfe,ftwGi;f &Sd vm;[lvrl sKd ;udu k , kd pf m;jyK&ef a&G;aumuf
wifajr‡mufc&H aom ud, k pf m;vS,f (1) OD;?
(*) ,if;jynfe,ftwGi;f &Sd ytd0k ;f vlrsKd ;udu k , kd pf m;jyK&ef a&G;aumuf
wifajr‡mufc&H aom ud, k pf m;vS,f (1) OD;?
(C) ,if;jynfe,ftwGif;&Sd yavmifvlrsdK;udkudk,fpm;jyK&ef a&G;
aumufwifajr‡mufc&H aom ud, k pf m;vS,f (1) OD;?
(i) ,if;jynfe,ftwGi;f &Sd &Sr;f vlrsKd ;udk ud, k pf m;jyK&ef a&G;aumuf
wifajr‡mufc&H aom ud, k pf m;vS,f (1) OD;?
(p) ,if;jynfe,ftwGi;f &Sd “0” vlrsKd ;udu k , kd pf m;jyK&ef a&G;aumuf
wifajr‡mufc&H aom ud, k pf m;vS,f (1) OD;?
(q) ,if;jynfe,ftwGif;&Sd trsdK;orD;xkudkudk,fpm;jyK&ef a&G;
aumufwifajr‡mufc&H aom ud, k pf m;vS,f (1) OD;?
(p) ,if;jynfe,ftwGi;f &Sd vli,fxu k u
kd , kd pf m;jyK&ef a&G;aumuf
wifajr‡mufc&H aom ud, k pf m;vS,f (1) OD;?
yk'rf (6)
UNLD ESihf NDF wyfaygi;f pk (2) &yfEiS yhf wfoufv#if ,if;wyfaygi;f pkwckpD
u wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm;aumifpo
D @kd ud,k pf m;vS,f (3) OD;uspD ay;yd@k
&rnf?
yk'rf (7)
tajctaet& wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm;aumifpo
D @kd ay;yd@k &rnfh ud,k pf m;
vS,rf sm;tm; a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufjcif; rjyKvkyEf ikd yf gu oufqikd &f m
jynfe,ftwGi;f &Sd tpktzJ@G rsm;u trsm;oabmwlnE‡d i_d ;f +yD; a&G;cs,cf ef@
tyfay;yd@k Eikd o
f nf?
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ENC Policy Papers, Letters & Statements
yk'rf (8)
(1) wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm;aumifpw D iG f ud,
k pf m;vS,Of ;D a& rnfo@kd yif&dS
apumrl/ jynfe,f wjynfe,fcsi;f onf‚if;/ UNLD ESihf NDF wd@k onf
‚if; wlnaD omtcGit hf a&;udk &&S=d uonf? wenf;tm;jzifq h v kd #if
jynfe,fwckcsi;f onf‚if;/ wyfaygi;f pkw&yfjzpfjcif;onf‚if; rJ (1) rJ
omay;ydik cf iG hf &Sad p&rnf?
(2) jynfe,fwjynfe,fcsi;f onf‚if;/ wyfaygi;f pkw&yfjzpfjcif;onf‚if;/
'Dru
kd a&pDrtl & rJ (1) rJpD &&Sx d m;=uaomfvnf; tm;vH;k yg0ifnE‡d i_d ;f
aqmif&Guftajz&Smjcif;jzifh oabmwlqHk;jzwfcsufcsrSwfjcif;udk
t"duxm;aqmif&u G rf nfjzpfonf?
A[dt
k vkyt
f r_aqmifaumfrwDz@GJ pnf;yHk
yk'rf (9)
jynfe,fudk,fpm;vS,frsm;ESifh wyfaygif;pkudk,fpm;vS,frsm;yg0ifaom
wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm;aumifp0D ifrsm;xJrS A[dt
k vkyt
f r_aqmifaumfrwD
udk atmufygtwdik ;f zJ@G pnf;ap&rnf?
(1) t}uHay;yk*K~d vfrsm;
(2) OuUX
(3) 'k - OuUXrsm; (2) OD;
(4) taxGaxGtwGi;f a&;rSL;
(5) wGzJ uftwGi;f ta&;rSL;
(6) tzJ@G 0ifrsm; (4) OD;
vkyif ef;aumfrwDrsm;
yk'rf (10)
wdkif;&if;om;vlrsdK;rsm;aumifpD (jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiH) . vkyfief;
aumfrwDrsm;udk oifah wmfaomaumfrwD0ifrsm;yg0ifapv#uf atmufyg
twdik ;f zJ@G pnf; ap&rnf?
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ENC Policy Papers, Letters & Statements
oufwrf;
yk'rf (11)
wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm;aumifpD (jynfaxmifpjk refrmEdik if )H . oufwrf;
onf wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm;nDvmcH oufwrf;ESit hf nD jzpfap&rnf?
yk'rf (12)
(1) wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm;nDvmcHonf wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm;aumifp.D
tjrifq h ;kH nDvmcHjzpfonf?
(2) wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm;nDvmcHukd (3) ESpv f #if w}udru f si;f y&rnf?
(3) wdkif;&if;om;vlrsdK;rsm;nDvmcHonf wdkif;&if;om;vlrsdK;rsm;
aumifpDudkvnf;aumif;/ wdkif;&if;om;vlrsdK;rsm;aumifpD. A[dk
tvkyt f r_aqmifaumfrwDuv kd nf;aumif; a&G;cs,w f m0efay;&rnf?
(4) wdkif;&if;om;vlrsdK;rsm;nDvmcHonf wdkif;&if;om;vlrsdK;rsm;
aumifpu D vufuikd x f m;&rnfh &nfreS ;f csu/f r[mAsL[m/ enf;
AsL[mrsm;/ rl0g'vkyif ef;pOfrsm;/ vrf;!GeOf ya'ESihf enf;Oya'rsm;udk
csrw
S af y;onf?
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ENC Policy Papers, Letters & Statements
ta&;ay:nDvmcH
yk'rf (13)
(1) wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm;aumifpD (jynfaxmifpjk refrmEdik if )H onf ajymif;
vJw;kd wufaeaom Edik if aH &;ESiphf pfa&; tajctaersm;t& vdt k yf
onf[, k q
l ygu ta&;ay:nDvmcHukd A[dt k vkyt f r_aqmifaumf
rwD. oH;k yHEk pS yf o
kH abmwlncD sujf zifh ac:,lusi;f yEdik o f nf?
(2) ta&;ay:nDvmcHo@kd wufa&muf&efzw d =f um;jcif;cH&aom ud, k f
pm;vS,f oH;k yHEk pS yf w
kH ufa&mufroS m ta&;ay:nDvmcHtxajr‡muf
ap&rnf?
(3) ta&;ay:nDvmcHo@kd wufa&mufaom ud, k pf m;vS,rf sm;. oH;k yHk
ESpyf o
kH abmwlncD sujf zifh qH;k jzwfcsurf sm;udk csrw S &f rnf?
(4) ta&;ay:nDvmcH. qH;k jzwfcsurf sm;udk teD;pyfq;kH nDvmcHo@kd wifjy
ItwnfjyKcsu&f ,lap&rnf?
yk'rf (14)
(1) wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm;aumifpo D nf wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm;nDvmcH
wckEiS w hf ckt=um;wGif tjrifqh ;kH tm%mydik t f zJ@G jzpfonf?
(2) wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm;aumifpo D nf wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm;nDvmcHrS
csrw S x f m;aom rl0g'rsm;/ ay:vpDrsm;ESihf vkyif ef;pOfrsm; vufawG@
taumiftxnfaz:Edik &f ef tvkyt f r_aqmifaumfrwDukd a&G;cs,f
wm0efay;tyf&rnf?
(3) wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm;aumifpo D nf (1) ESpf v#iw f }urd u
f si;f yaom
wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm;aumifp. D ESpyf wfvnftpnf;ta0;ESihf (3)
ESpvf #if w}urd u f si;f yaom wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm; nDvmcHukd ac:,l
usi;f yay;&rnf?
(4) wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm;aumifpo D nf ‚if;.vkyif ef;aqmif&u G cf suf
rsm;udk (3) ESpv f #if w}udrf usi;f yaom wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm; nD
vmcHo@kd wifjytpD&ifc&H rnf?
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ENC Policy Papers, Letters & Statements
yk'rf (15)
wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm;aumifpD tvkytf r_aqmifaumfrwD. OuUX/ 'k -
OuUX/ taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL;/ wJGzuftwGif;a&;rSL;rsm;onf tvdk
tavsmuf wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm;aumifp. D OuUX/ 'k-OuUX/ taxGaxG
twGi;f a&;rSL;/ wJzG uftwGi;f a&;rSL;rsm; jzpf&rnf?
yk'rf (16)
(1) wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm;aumifp. D tvkyt f r_aqmifaumfrwDonf
wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm;aumifpu D kd wm0efcIH nDvmcHrS csrw
S af y;aom
Edik if aH &;rl0g'rsm;ESihf vkyif ef;pOfrsm;udk taumiftxnfazmf &rnf?
(2) wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm;aumifp. D tvkyt f r_aqmifaumfrwDonf
nDvmcHrS csrw S af y;aomrl0g'rsm;ESihf vkyif ef;pOfrsm;udk taumif
txnfazmfEdkif&eftwGuf vkyfief;aumfrwDrsm;udk vdktyfovdk
zJ@G pnf;wm0efay;tyf&rnf?
(3) wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm;aumifp. D tvkyt f r_aqmifaumfrwDonf
‚if;.vkyfief;aqmif&Gufcsufrsm;udk (1) ESpf w}udrfusif;yaom
wdkif;&if;om;vlrsdK;rsm;aumifpD. ESpfywfvnftpnf;ta0;odk@
wifjytpD&ifc&H rnf?
(4) wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm;aumifp. D tvkyt f r_aqmifaumfrwDonf
(3) vw}udrf yHkrSeftpnf;ta0;udk usif;y&rnf? vdktyfygu
tcsed rf a&G;ta&;ay:tpnf;ta0;udk usi;f yEdik o f nf?
yk'rf (17)
(1) oH;k ESpv f #if w}udruf si;f yaom wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm;nDvmcHonf
wdkif;&if;om;vlrsdK;rsm;aumifpD. tajccHtzJG@tpnf;rsm;jzpf=u
aom jynfe,ftoD;oD;rS apv$w=f uonfh ud, k pf m;vS,rf sm;/ wyf
aygif;pkrsm;/ EdkifiHa&;ygwDrsm;ESifh tzJG@tpnf;udk,fpm;vS,frsm;.
oH;k yHEk pS yf kH wufa&mufygu txajr‡mufonf?
219
(2) wESpfv#ifw}udrfusif;yaom wdkif;&if;om;vlrsdK;rsm;aumifpD.
ESpyf wfvnftpnf;ta0;onf aumifp0D if oH;k yHEk pS yf kH wufa&muf
ygu txajr‡mufonf?
(3) wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm;aumifp.
D tvkyt
f r_aqmifaumfrwD. yHrk eS f
tpnf;ta0;rsm;onf tvkyftr_aqmifaumfrwD0if oHk;yHkESpfyHk
wufa&mufygu txajrm‡ ufonf?
yk'rf (18)
wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm;aumifpD (jynfaxmifpjk refrmEdik if )H . zJ@G pnf;tkyf
csKyfyt kH ajccHOya'udk oH;k ESpv f #if w}udru f si;f yaom wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;
rsm;nDvmcHwiG f nDvmcHu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;. oH;k yH/k ESpyf kH qENrjJ zifh jyifqif/
jznfph u G /f y,fzsuEf ikd yf gonf?
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