i

THE 11th TOURISM OUTLOOK CONFERENCE

Heritage Tourism beyond Borders and Civilizations
2-5 October 2018
ANADOLU UNIVERSITY
Eskişehir, Turkey

Conference Organizers and Academic Partners

Anadolu University, TURKEY
Faculty of Tourism
Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), MALAYSIA
Faculty of Hotel and Tourism Management, and Faculty of Law
Northern Arizona University, USA
Department of Geography, Planning and Recreation
International Geographical Union (IGU)
Commission on the Geography of Tourism, Leisure and Global Change

Editors
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Gökçe YÜKSEK
Prof. Dr. Alan A. LEW
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Nor’ain OTHMAN
Asst. Prof. Dr. İnci Oya COŞKUN
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Deniz KARAGÖZ

ISBN: 978-975-06-3095-8

Anadolu University Publications No. 3837

Faculty of Tourism Publications No. 1
December, 2018

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 SUPPORTING INSTITUTIONS

T.R. Ministry of Culture and Tourism

T.R. Governorship of Eskişehir
Turkish Airlines Inc.
Eskişehir Chamber of Commerce
Municipality of Seyitgazi
Municipality of Sivrihisar
Municipality of İnönü
Municipality of Mihalıççık
Municipality of Han
TUREB
TÜRSAB
International Federation of SKAL Associations
KURAP
Anadolu University Folklore Research Centre
Abacı Konak Hotel
Ada Life Hotel Eskişehir
Büyük Hotel Eskişehir
Grand Çalı Hotel Bozüyük
İbis Hotel Eskişehir
İkbal Thermal Hotel&SPA
Modernity Hotel
Roof Garden Hotel
The Merlot Hotel
Active Tourism İstanbul
222 Tour
Şara Tour
Trakya Restaurant
Camzade
Başarsoft
Çağfen College

iii
 HONOR COMMITTEE

T.R. Minister of Culture and Tourism

Mehmet Nuri ERSOY

T.R. Governor of Eskişehir

Özdemir ÇAKACAK

Rector of Anadolu University

Prof. Dr. Şafak Ertan ÇOMAKLI

CONFERENCE CHAIR

Assoc. Prof. Dr. Gökçe YÜKSEK Anadolu University, Turkey

CONFERENCE CO-CHAIRS

Assoc. Prof. Dr. Nor’ain OTHMAN Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia

Prof. Dr. Alan A. LEW Northern Arizona University, USA

iv
 CONFERENCE SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE
Prof. Dr. Abdullah SOYKAN, Balıkesir Univ.
Prof. Dr. Abdullah TANRISEVDİ, Adnan Menderes Univ.
Prof. Dr. Ali YILMAZ, Uşak Univ.
Prof. Dr. Avni Barış BARAZ, Anadolu Univ.
Prof. Dr. Bülent AÇMA, Anadolu Univ.
Prof. Dr. Celil ÇAKICI, Mersin Univ.
Prof. Dr. Cevdet AVCIKURT, Balıkesir Univ.
Prof. Dr. Cihan ÇOBANOĞLU Univ. of South Florida Sarasota-Manatee
Prof. Dr. Füsun BAYKAL, Ege Univ.
Prof. Dr. Füsun İSTANBULLU DİNÇER, İstanbul Univ.
Prof. Dr. Gözde EMEKLİ, Ege Univ.
Prof. Dr. Harun TUNÇEL, Bilecik Şeyh Edebali Univ.
Prof. Dr. Hasan KILIÇ, Doğu Akdeniz Univ.
Prof. Dr. İge PIRNAR, Yaşar Univ.
Prof. Dr. İrfan ARIKAN, IMC Univ.
Prof. Dr. İsmet AKOVA, İstanbul Univ.
Prof. Dr. Medet YOLAL, Anadolu Univ.
Prof. Dr. Mesut DOĞAN, İstanbul University
Prof. Dr. Muharrem TUNA, Gazi Univ.
Prof. Dr. Mustafa ÖZER, Anadolu University
Prof. Dr. Necdet HACIOĞLU, Balıkesir Univ.
Prof. Dr. Orhan AKOVA, İstanbul Univ.
Prof. Dr. Orhan İÇÖZ, Dokuz Eylül Univ.
Prof. Dr. Ozan BAHAR, Muğla Sıtkı Koçman Univ.
Prof. Dr. Özcan YAĞCI, Başkent Univ.
Prof. Dr. Salih KUŞLUVAN, İstanbul Medeniyet Univ.
Prof. Dr. Semra GÜNAY AKTAŞ, Anadolu Univ.
Prof. Dr. Sevgi Ayşe ÖZTÜRK, Anadolu Univ.
Prof. Dr. Sultan BAYSAN, Adnan Menderes Univ.
Prof. Dr. Umut AVCI, Muğla Sıtkı Koçman Univ.
Prof. Dr. Yeliz MERT KANTAR, Anadolu Univ.
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Ali ÖZTÜREN, Doğu Akdeniz Univ.
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Bayram ŞAHİN, Balıkesir Univ.
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Burhan KILIÇ, Muğla Sıtkı Koçman Univ.
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Çağıl Hale ÖZEL, Anadolu Univ.
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Deniz KARAGÖZ, Anadolu Univ.
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Emrah ÖZKUL, Kocaeli Univ.
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Emre Ozan AKSÖZ, Anadolu Univ.
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Erkan ÖZATA, Anadolu Univ.
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Esin ÖZKAN, Ege Univ.
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Gökçe YÜKSEK, Anadolu Univ.
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Gökhan AYAZLAR, Muğla Sıtkı Koçman Univ.
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Hakan YILMAZ, Anadolu Univ.
Assoc. Prof. Dr. İlhan USTA, Anadolu Univ.
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Lütfi ATAY, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Univ.
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Murat DOĞDUBAY, Balıkesir Univ.
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Norliza AMINUDIN, Univ. Teknologi MARA
v
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Norzuwana SUMARJAN, Univ. Teknologi MARA
Associate Prof. Dr. Oktay EMİR, Anadolu University
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Özlem KÖROĞLU, Balıkesir Univ.
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Rıdvan KOZAK, Anadolu Univ.
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Salamiah A. JAMAL, Univ. Teknologi MARA
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Selda UCA, Kocaeli Univ.
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Yetkin BULUT, Ondokuz Mayıs Univ.
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Yusuf AYMANKUY, Balıkesir Univ.
Asst. Prof. Dr. Alev DÜNDAR ARIKAN, Anadolu Univ.
Asst. Prof. Dr. Ebru ZENCiR, Anadolu Univ.
Asst. Prof. Dr. İnci Oya COŞKUN, Anadolu Univ.
Asst. Prof. Dr. Pembe Gül ÇAKIR, Anadolu Univ.
Asst. Prof. Dr. Sibel ÖNÇEL, Anadolu Univ.
Lecturer Dr. Ahmad Esa ABDUL RAHMAN, Univ. Teknologi MARA
Lecturer Dr. Arni Abd. GANI, Univ. Teknologi MARA
Lecturer Dr. Aslinda Mohd SHAHRIL, Univ. Teknologi MARA
Lecturer Dr. Chemah Tamby CHIK, Univ. Teknologi MARA
Lecturer Dr. Duygu YETGIN, Anadolu Univ.
Lecturer Dr. Faiz Izwan ANUAR, Univ. Teknologi MARA
Lecturer Dr. Hassah WEE, Univ. Teknologi MARA
Lecturer Dr. Lovelyna Benedict JIPIU, Univ. Teknologi MARA
Lecturer Dr. Mazlina MAHADZAR, Univ. Teknologi MARA
Lecturer Dr. Mohd. Hafiz Mohd. HANAFIAH, Univ. Teknologi MARA
Lecturer Dr. Nor Asmalina ANUAR, Univ. Teknologi MARA
Research Asst. Dr. Mune MOĞOL SEVER, Anadolu Univ.

vi
 ORGANIZATION COMMITTEE
Prof. Dr. Semra GÜNAY AKTAŞ Anadolu University
Doç. Dr. Gökçe YÜKSEK Anadolu University
Şennur AZADE Provincial Directorate of Culture and Tourism
Mustafa SERTTAŞ Provincial Directorate of Culture and Tourism
Hasan KALIN Municipality of Seyitgazi
Hamid YÜZÜGÜLLÜ Municipality of Sivrihisar
Kadir BOZKURT Municipality of İnönü
İsmail UYSAL Municipality of Mihalıççık
Erdal ŞANLI Municipality of Han
Prof. Dr. Medet YOLAL Anadolu University
Prof. Dr. YAŞAR SARI Eskişehir Osmangazi University
Doç. Dr. Çağıl Hale ÖZEL Anadolu University
Doç. Dr. Deniz KARAGÖZ Anadolu University
Doç. Dr. Emre Ozan AKSÖZ Anadolu University
Doç. Dr. Hakan YILMAZ Anadolu University
Doç. Dr. Hilmi Rafet YÜNCÜ Anadolu University
Doç. Dr. Rıdvan KOZAK Anadolu University
Dr. Öğr. Üyesi Alev DÜNDAR ARIKAN Anadolu University
Dr. Öğr. Üyesi Ebru ZENCİR Anadolu University
Dr. Öğr. Üyesi Hakan SEZEREL Anadolu University
Dr. Öğr. Üyesi İnci Oya COŞKUN Anadolu University
Dr. Öğr. Üyesi Pembe Gül ÇAKIR Anadolu University
Dr. Öğr. Üyesi Sibel ÖNÇEL Anadolu University
Öğr. Gör. Dr. Duygu YETGİN Anadolu University
Öğr. Gör. Aysel YILMAZ Anadolu University
Öğr. Gör. Serkan OLGAÇ Anadolu University
Öğr. Gör. Şeyda YAYLA Anadolu University
Öğr. Gör. Ufuk ÇEVİK Anadolu University
Araş. Gör. Dr. Mune MOĞOL SEVER Anadolu University
Araş. Gör. Arzu TOKER Anadolu University
Araş. Gör. Barış ÇIVAK Anadolu University
Araş. Gör. Burak DÜZ Anadolu University
Araş. Gör. Burcu KAYA SAYARI Anadolu University
Araş. Gör. Cansev ÖZDEMİR Eskişehir Osmangazi University
Araş. Gör. Engin BAYRAKTAROĞLU Anadolu University
Araş. Gör. Fuat ÇİFTÇİ Anadolu University
Araş. Gör. Gözde TÜRKTARHAN Anadolu University
Araş. Gör. Merve ASMADİLİ Anadolu University
Araş. Gör. Merve ÖZGÜR GÖDE Anadolu University
Araş. Gör. Muhammed KAVAK Anadolu University
Araş. Gör. Orçun ATİLLA Anadolu University
Araş. Gör. Önder YAYLA Anadolu University
Araş. Gör. Pınar ŞENEL Anadolu University
Araş. Gör. Seda SÖKMEN Anadolu University
Araş. Gör. Sema EKİNCEK Anadolu University
Araş. Gör. Serhat AYDIN Anadolu University
Araş. Gör. Sezi AYDIN Anadolu University

vii
 SESSION V OCTOBER 5, 2018 13:30 - 15:00
Hall : YUNUS EMRE (Presentations will be held in Turkish)
Moderator : Hakan Çalışkan
7646    Mehmet Tekin Koçkar, Hakan Çalışkan, Ali Ekber Ün, Cafer Yıldırım, Merve Ünlüoğlu
Impact of Traditional Equitation Shows to Tourism World Wide and Suggestions for Utilisingequestrian Tourism in Turkish Tourısm Sector
 7651    Cafer Yıldırım
HALL I

Healthy Horses Features for Tourism with Horse Riding

7659    Ali Ekber Ün, Hakan Çalışkan, M. Tekin Koçkar, Cafer Yıldırım, Merve Ünlüoğlu
The Characteristics and Training of Horses to be used in Touristic Facilities
7781    Önder Yayla, Semra Günay Aktaş, Şeyda Yayla
Evaluation of Hunting Tourism in Turkey
 7636    Cafer Yıldırım, Hakan Çalışkan, Mehmet Tekin Koçkar, Ali Ekber Ün, Merve Ünlüoğlu
The Positive Effects of Tourism with Horse Riding on Human Health
Hall : NASREDDIN HODJA (Presentations will be held in Turkish)
Moderator : Mithat Zeki Dinçer
 7380  Füsun Baykal
Cultural Heritage and Cultural Routes: Samples from Turkey
7327   Arife Karadağ, Leman İncedere
Rising Values in Conservation of Urban Texture : Industrial Heritage
HALL II

 7595   Gül Nur Demiral

Intangible Resources Myths and Legends: A Study on Tourism Promotion Brochures
13:30 - 15:00

7735   Betül Gelengül Ekimci

Consideration of Authenticity and Integrity in Cultural Heritage: Review of Heritage Conservations in Eskişehir
7408   Sezgi Gedik, Tolga Fahri Çakmak, Füsun İstanbullu Dinçer, Mithat Zeki Dinçer
Tourism in İstanbul; Past, Present and Future
Hall : DORYLAEUM (Presentations will be held in Turkish)
Moderator : Füsun İstanbullu Dinçer
6078   Ebubekir Karakoca, Levent Uncu, Hakan Kasapoğlu
      The Formation of Harmankaya Canyon (Bilecik) and Evaluation of Its Ecotourism Potential
7285   Ali Erbaş, Gözde Güven Bozdağ
      Lack of Destination Planning, Its Costs and Financial Effects on Business & Destination: A Destination Monster or Spiral
HALL III

 7564  Seyfullah Gül
Natural Preservation and Recreational use Relationship in Urban Coastal Areas: Case of Samsun
7635   Esin Özkan, Nilgün Avcı, Selcen Seda Türksoy, Samet Can Curkan, Mehmet Alper Nisari
      The Effects of Çesme and Chios Island Port Services on Visitor Satisfaction
OCTOBER 5, 2018

7789   Azade Özlem Çalık, Duygu Yetgin, Gülsel Çiftçi

      Cultural Heritage of Ottoman Anatolia through the Eyes of Female Travelers
Hall : PESSINUS (Presentations will be held in
Moderator English) : Emre Ozan Aksöz
 7645  Yalçın Arslantürk
Cultural Heritage: Viewed through Tourist Guides
7779   Merve Asmadili, Gökçe Yüksek
The Tourist Guides as Sustainable Cultural Heritage Tourism Interpreters: The Case of Odunpazarı
7382   Adam Siniecki, Ayşe Nilay Evcil
HALL IV

Architecture’s Role in New Tourism Trends: Cases from Poland and Turkey
  Burak Düz
What Do Tourists Wonder About Turkey’s Cultural Heritage? A Study to Determine Frequently Asked Questions to Tour Guides

Hall PHRYGIA (Presentations will be held in English)

:P
Moderator : Medet Yolal
7957   Mustafa Özer, Mustafa Kırca, İnci Oya Coşkun
Questioning Export-led and Tourism-led Growth Hypotheses on a Regional Basis: Case of Central Anatolian Region, Turkey
7357   Ran Ben Malka, Yaniv Poria
Is Your Heritage Site for Sale? How Much Does It Cost? Compensation for Elimination: An Innovative Tool
for Evaluating the Monetary Value of Heritage Sites
HALL V

 6255    Mustafa Boz

Impacts of All Inclusive Package Tours on Local Enterprises: Antalya and Çanakkale Cases

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Heritage Tourism beyond Borders and Civilizations

7636
THE POSITIVE EFFECTS OF TOURISM WITH HORSE RIDING ON
HUMAN HEALTH
Cafer Yıldırım*
Lecturer
Eskişehir, Turkey
y.cafer@gmail.com
Hakan Çalışkan*
Assistant Professor
hakan1923@gmail.com
Mehmet Tekin Koçkar*
Lecturer
mtkockar@gmail.com

Ali Ekber Ün*

Lecturer
sampiyonsuvari06@hotmail.com

Merve Ünlüoğlu*
Lecturer
mervekoyunbakan@hotmail.com

* Mahmudiye Horse Riding Vocational School, Eskişehir Osmangazi University

Abstract
Horses bring many benefits to the lives of those around them. They are both beautiful to watch and of
significant impact to the lives of many. They are a fun, enjoyable, different alternative to the ordinary tourism
style for those who need more physical activity in their lives. They are a morale booster, a friend, and a
teacher for those who are depressed, stressed, or lonely. Just because we no longer depend on them as a
means to an end, does not mean their meaning in our life has ended. Horses still have an important health-
related role to play in our everyday lives. People with physical disabilities can benefit from riding as a low-
impact sport that is gentler on their joints and offers an enjoyable alternative to physical therapy in a Tourism.
There are many different types of riding, so everyone can find the one that suits them. The aim of this
research is to analyze the contribution of horse riding tourism to community health. According to searching
of databases; Most of the studies in this area have shown the benefit of horse riding on improving heart health,
lowering stress, and having a positive impact on depression. Many differently abled children, such as those
coping with Autism, have also benefitted from working with horses. There are schools that take children in
and teach them how to care for and ride horses, teaching them patience and responsibility, and lowering
behavioral problems. New programs using horses to treat those suffering from PTSD (Post Traumatic Stress
Syndrome), including soldiers returning from deployment, have shown great success. According to the results
of studies; recreational horse riding seems to have contribution to tourism with possitive impacts on
health.

Keywords: Human, Health, Tourism, Horse

Introduction
Horse assisted therapy has favourable effects as sensory connection, communication connection,
and neuroconnection [Meregillano G.(2004), Shurtleff TL,( 2010) Shurtleff TL(2009), Zadnikar M,
(2011), Rigby BR, (2016)] on different domains as physical, social, cognitive, psychologic fields,
learning, and adaptive behaviours. Horse assisted therapy is the most important method in recent
years as one of the new way for recovery. Sustainable horse industry has been develop the
industry’s contribution to the health, cultural, social, educational and sporting life of the nations.
Mainly due to the benefits that are being screened by scientific works. Horse species has a high
economic potential, mainly due to the use of health and tourism. According to recent studies; horse
assisted therapy has been succesfull for recovery of the physical, social, and sensory functions. As an
ocupational therapy; Movements of the horse are utilized with the intention to improve motor
control, coordination, balance, attention, sensory processes, and performance in daily activities.
Sensory processes, vestibular, proprioceptive, tactile, visual, and auditory systems are targeted
simultaneously [Komppula, R. (2006), Debuse D, Chandler C, Gibb C(2005)]. As a physical therapy;
Multidirectional movements of the horse are utilized in gait training, balance, postural control,
strengthening, and increasing range of motion. In many studies, improvements in gross motor
skills, and functional activities have been reported in disabled children [Silkwood-Sherer DJ, (2012),
Debuse D(2005), Meregillano G. (2004), Snider L, (2007), Zadnikar
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Heritage Tourism beyond Borders and Civilizations
M, (2011)]. As speech and language therapy; Also targets improvements in speech, language, cognitive,
and masticatory functions [Silkwood-Sherer DJ, (2012), Debuse D(2005), Meregillano G. (2004)].
Scientific clinical studies; Horse assisted therapy provides sensory feedback by utilizing movements of
the horse, this impact would be important for neurological conditions. Horse assisted therapy with MS
patients can improve postural balance, and gait. The authors concluded that horse asissted therapy
can improve static balance, and gait in elder population [Kim SG, (2014)]. Horse assisted therapy can
be one of the complementary treatment strategies in autistic children. [Ajzenman HF, (2013)] In
children with cerebral palsy (SP) exercise-based therapies aimed at improving postural control have
been used more frequently during the last decade [Snider L, (2007), Zadnikar M, (2011)]. In many
studies, the authors have concluded that Horse assisted therapy improved balance and postural
control. [Park ES, (2014)] We can say that hippotherapy exerts favourable effects on gross motor
functions, and postural balance of children with SP at various functional levels [Park ES, (2014), Kwon
JY, (2015), Benda W, (2003)]

In recent years, in pediatric, and adolescent psychiatry horse or pony-assisted therapy has been an
interesting phenomenon which is also encouraged by health professionals [Masini A. (2010), Quint C,
(1998)] investigated the effectiveness of Horse assisted therapy in two young women (18, and 21 years
of age, respectively) who were exposed to sexual assault during childhood [Guerino MR, (2015)]. They
observed serious motor limitation, coordination disorders, conspicuous muscle spasms, and postural
disorders as thoracic, and cervical kyphosis, and cervical protrusion in these girls. These two patients
had undergone 20 sessions of hippotherapy each lasting for 30 minutes. At the end of the therapy, they
observed improvements in the posture (30%), coordination (80%), body balance, sociality, and self-
confidence (50%) at indicated rates.

Horse Raising and Market Value

There are two main markets in horse economy as an International and Domestic Horse raising. All over
the World Types of horse tourism are Trekking, Training and Cultural. Besides,
Non of the involve riding; In France and Spain, religious festivals which feature horses and ‘Horse
Festivals’ themselves attract a large audience. Travel of education and training is also overnight stay
tourism. Horse assisted therapy has been contribute tourism with the activities of Riding for the
Disabled, Purchasing horses, Shows/competitions, Native breeds.

All over the Europe ,Horses as known that used for Racing, Other major Equestrian Sports, Breeding
which supports this sector, Betting and the commercialisation of sport in the past.
But, last research Show that new horse sector has improved with Pleasure riding, Tourism, Urban
recuperation/encounters with ‘nature’/fitness and well-being, Equine-Horse Assisted Therapies,
Equine-Horse Assisted Education. According to number of Horses in Europe; 6 million plus horses
started to used for 12% Sport & professional competition and 70 – 80% used in leisure and recreation
by Higher educational levels users.

According to recent studies; A quarter of the businesses offer horse rental in the form of a short ride of
about an hour or two in length, and only 6% offer tours of 8–10 days. Riding tours of 2– 5 days are
offered by 14% of the businesses. When asked to identify the most profitable products about 70% of
the participants mentioned shorter tours. While they have a clear notion of what type of product is
profitable, the ownersand operators seemed to have some difficulty with the big picture of their
business. They had for instance trouble with identifying the assets of the business, several of them
mentioned that they found this difficult and many did not provide that information in the survey.
Their reasons were that they did not have readily availablevaluations of their assets and partly there is
a reticence regarding discussing the financial situation of the business.

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Selection of the Therapy Horse for Tourism
All horse therapy centres had several horses of different size, which allows for choosing a horse
individually for a patient and visitors and enables conducting activities for different age groups. Also
their sex, age, breed and exterior parameters are concerned. The carried out observations confirm a
possibility of training gradually 4 years old horses to rehabilitation activities, i.e. the younger ones that
are recommended by the literature, provided that they have been thor-oughly evaluated in advance in
respect of their psychological features and skills. From among large horses, native half-bred breeds
(Wielkopolski horses) were most frequently used in horse assisted therapy, while native primitive
breeds – the Hutsul horses and the Polish Koniks – out of smaller breeds.

Relationship between Horse Therapy and Tourism

Percentage of participants who do no other sporting activity
According to; The first Active People Survey (Sport England 2007) also examined the other sports, if any,
in which people participated. As can be seen in Table 1 horse riding is distinctive as it is one of a number
of sports where a high proportion of those people participating (48 percent) take part in no other
sporting activity. Only bowls, angling and golf have higher percentages. This is an important feature of
horse riding since a high proportion of riders rely on horse riding for moderate intensity physical exercise
and unless they changed their exercise habits would be otherwise sedentary.

Benefits from Sustainable exercise with Horse riding

Existing scientific research into the health benefits of physical exercise often assesses the metabolic
process linked to exercise which involves the breaking down of substances in the body to create energy.
The resting metabolic rate in addition to the metabolic cost of different physical activities, such as
walking, running, working, and other sporting activities, is useful for assessing the energy expenditure of
an individual during a representative day (World Health Organisation, the Food and Agriculture
Organisation and the United Nations University (FAO/WHO/UNU) (1985). In 2004 the Department of
Health reported that 30 minutes of moderate intensity, physical activity for five or more days a week
should be recommended for promoting physical activity and the prevention of diseases associated with
inactivity (i.e. coronary heart disease, osteoporosis, hypertension, obesity and type II diabetes,
Department of Health, 2004). Besides, as a recrational activity horse riding is contribute to improve
learning for child and youth.

Qualitative findings; feelings, motivations and tour request

According to studies; A number of positive feelings were strongly associated with horse riding by
respondents. More than 90 percent of respondents reported that horse riding made them feel ‘quite a
lot’ or ‘extremely’ cheerful and the equivalent figure is in excess of 80 percent for feeling relaxed, happy
and active. Generally, negative feelings were not strongly associated with horse riding and more than
90 percent of respondents reported that when horse riding they experienced these negative feelings
either ‘a little’ or ‘not at all’. The positive and negative feelings associated with horse riding do not differ
markedly according to exercise frequency.’ The noticeable differences that can be identified are
intuitively correct since those who had taken part less than 12 times in the last four weeks had lower
percentages in the ‘quite a lot’ and ‘extremely’ categories for feeling active and energetic. While riders
who regularly participate less than 12 times over four weeks may not obtain significant physical health
benefits, they may still experience psychological benefits.

The results for respondents who participated in horse riding less than 12 times in the last four weeks
are presented. There is little marked difference between the rows, indicating that motivations for going
horse riding do not differ according to exercise frequency. However, there are marked differences in
the ratings given to certain ‘important’ and ‘very important’ ratings are combined. The motivation of
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Heritage Tourism beyond Borders and Civilizations
interacting with horses was rated by far the most important of all motivations and 82 percent of
respondents rated this motivation as either ‘very important’ or ‘extremely important’. No other
motivation has a percentage of more than 50 percent when the Other motivations involving interactions
with nature also receive high ratings compared to other motivations. Contact with nature and scenery
and views were motivations rated as ‘important’, ‘very important’ or ‘extremely important’ by more
than 80 percent of respondents. Certain personal development motivations including escape, develop
skills, challenge myself, experience excitement, physically active and to relax were rated relatively highly
compared to other motivations with in excess of 80 percent of respondents rating these as either
‘important’, ‘very important’ or ‘extremely important’. By contrast, relatively few respondents rated
weight loss or to improve fitness as ‘very important’ or ‘extremely important’ motivations for horse
riding.

Results
According to studies; When we compare with feelings we observed; %38,8 percentage positive, %1.02
percentage negative feelings. The motivation of interacting with horses was rated by far the most
important of all motivations and 82 percent of respondents rated this motivation as either ‘very
important’ or ‘extremely important’. A number of horse riding would be increase to following touristic
activities with horses. Just as; More than 12 times in the last 4 weeks in frequency of riding activity
changed from %49 to %51. Asked to rate different motivations for going horse riding 82 percent of
questionnaire respondents rated the motivation of ‘interaction with horses’ as either ‘very important’ or
‘extremely important’. More than 80 percent of questionnaire respondents rated the motivations
‘contact with nature’ and ‘scenery and views’ ‘important’, ‘very important’ or ‘extremely important’.

A number of positive feelings were strongly associated with horse riding by respondents. More than 90
percent of respondents reported that horse riding made them feel ‘quite a lot’ or ‘extremely’ cheerful
and the equivalent figure is in excess of 80 percent for feeling relaxed, happy and active. It is also
noteworthy that regular periods of trotting in a riding session may enhance the associated health
benefits. In addition, just over three quarters of respondents (78 percent) indicated that activities
associated with horse riding in the last four weeks, such as grooming and mucking out, involved at least
moderate intensity activity which may further enhance the health benefits that can be obtained through
involvement in riding. Importantly, the self reported measures of physical exercise intensity and
frequency indicate that 68 percent of questionnaire respondents are likely to be achieving physical
health benefits through riding and activities associated with horse riding as this involves them
undertaking moderate or high intensity physical exercise at least 12 times a month.

Current evidence also suggests that people with disabilities may receive some specific health benefits
from horse riding due to the nature of the physical activity involved (Crane, 1999; Bertoti, 1988; Kubota
et al, 2006; Bronson et al, 2010; Hosaka et al, 2010). There is also existing evidence that additional health
and well-being benefits can occur through forms of exercise, such as horse riding, that involve outdoor
natural environments, contact with nature and interaction with animals.

The research presented in this report was designed to explore not only the physical health benefits of
riding but also the related mental health and social benefits. The research methods used were designed
to explore the key issues of exercise intensity and frequency that influence the physical health benefits
arising from exercise. In particular, the study aimed to assess using a variety of methods if recreational
horse riding can be classified as a moderate intensity exercise and to examine the frequency with which
individuals take part in horse riding and activities associated with horse riding such as mucking out and
grooming.

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Conclusion
The psychological and social benefits of horse riding tourism actitivities. Horse riding stimulates mainly
positive psychological feelings. Horse riders are strongly motivated to take part in riding by the sense of
well-being they gain from interacting with horses. This important positive psychological interaction with
an animal occurs in a very few sports. Being outdoors and in contact with nature are important
motivations for the vast majority of horse riders. The present body of literature provides evidence that
horse-assisted activities and therapies are an effective means of improving many measures of physical
health. 6 million plus horses have participated from 2001 to 2009 in Europe by tourism sector 70 – 80%
used in leisure and recreation. So, We suggest that tourism with horse riding would be positive effects
on human health like feelings, motivations, learning, motor functions and demanding of tourism
activities with horses.

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