Structure of Distribution Load flow developed by Saran Satsangi, Research Scholar,

Indian Institue of Technology Roorkee, India, Email: anujsat2006@gmail.com

1. Data Definition (file name case33radial.m)

(a) Load definition
(i) Here Loads are defined in KW (P) and kVAr (Q).
(ii) Different types of Loads we can connect in distribution system, such
as Constant Impedance (Z), Constant Current (I), Constant Complex Power (PQ), and
ZIP (Mixed of Z, I and PQ).
(iii) These definitions can be modified in 'Type' coloumn in bus data.
Default definition of load is '3' (PQ Type).

(b) Line definition

(i) Definition of branch resistance and reactance in ohms.
(ii) 'From' bus and 'To' are defined using 'f' and 't' coloumn in branch
data

2. Bus data indexes (file name idx_bus.m)

columns 1-10 must be included in input matrix (in case33radial.m file)
1 BUS_I bus number (positive integer)
2 PD Pd, real power demand (kW)
3 QD Qd, reactive power demand (kVAr)
4 BS Bs, shunt susceptance (kVAr injected at V = 1.0 p.u.)
5 TYPE Type,Load Type(Z-1,I-2,PQ-3,ZIP-4)
6 VM Vm, voltage magnitude (p.u.)
7 VA Va, voltage angle (degrees)
8 BASE_KV basekV, base voltage (kV)
12 VMAX Vmax, maximum voltage magnitude (p.u.)
13 VMIN Vmin, minimum voltage magnitude (p.u.)

3. Branch data indexes (file name idx_branch.m)

columns 1-7 must be included in input matrix (in case file)
1 F_BUS f, from bus number
2 T_BUS t, to bus number
3 BR_R r, resistance (ohm)
4 BR_X x, reactance (ohm)
5 BR_STATUS initial branch status, 1 - in service, 0 - out of service
6 TAP ratio, transformer off nominal turns ratio
7 RATE_A RateA, MVA rating of line

4. Make BIBC, BCBV, and DLF matrixes (file Name makeBIBCandDLF.m)

(a) First step is to make connection matrix
(b) Then finding order in which all nodes having depth (using matlab inbuilt
function 'graphtraverse')
(c) After obtaing depth, make BIBC matrix (code is given in makeBIBCandDLF.m)
(d) Calculate BCBV Matrix using BCBV=BIBC*Z;
(e) And then finally DLF Matrix using DLF=BCBV*BIBC

5. Distribution Load-flow Program (file name powerflow.m)

(a) Call data (case33radial.m), bus indexes (idx_bus.m) and branch indexes
(idx_branch.m)
(b) Call BIBC and DLF matrix using (using function makeBIBCandDLF)
(c) CALCULATION OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF LOADS AT RATED VOLTAGE
(d) APPLY FORWARD AND BACKWARD SWEEP POWER FLOW ALGORITHM
IBr=BIBC*I; %Branch current
delV=DLF*I; % Voltage drop w.r.t. substation bus
VB=V-delV; % Bus Voltage except S/S Bus
(e) Store Results in 'DistLoadFlowSolution' and clear other variables
 Under 'DistLoadFlowSolution' sturcture, different variables are:
(i) Vactual : Actual voltage solution in kVs at each bus
(ii) Vangle : Voltage Angle
(iii) VmagPU : Voltage Magnitude in per unit
(iv) Pbrloss : Real power losses in each line segment (in kW)
(v) Qbrloss : Reactive power losses in each line segment (in kVAr)
(vi) PtLosskW : Total Line Losses in kW
(vii) QtLosskVAr: Total Line Losses in kVAr
(viii) SLosskVA : Total Line Losses in kVA
6. Print Load Flow Results (file name PrintLoadFlowResults.m)