Input Data Define Material

Coal Seam
Properties Coal Seam E
D
Ukuran Sample (cm) silinder 6 6
Ukuran Sample (in) silinder 2.362 2.362
Ukuran Sample (cm) cubical 5.31728314 5.3172831409
Unit Weight (MN/m3) 0.023 0.023
Cohesion (MPa) 0.344 0.419
Friction Angle (O) 11.82 24.33
Tensile Strength (MPa) 1.03 1.03
Young Modulus (MPa) 139 348.19
0.321 0.3
Intact Compression Strength (MPa) silinder 1.91 4.35
Intact Compression Strength (psi) silinder 277.023 630.915
Intact Compression Strength (N/cm2) silinder 191 435
Intact Compression Strength (MPa) cubical 1.528 3.48
Intact Compression Strength (N/cm2) cubical 152.8 348
Intact Compression Strength (psi) cubical 221.618 504.732
Intact Compression Strength (psi) cubical 70.958 161.607
Intact Compression Strength (psf) cubical 31912.943 72681.310

Source A B
Bunting (1911) 0.7 0.3
Obert - Duvall (1967) 0.778 0.222
Bieniawski (1968) 0.556 0.444
van Heerden (1974) 0.704 0.296
Bieniawski (1975) 0.64 0.36
Sorenso - Pariseau (1978) 0.693 0.307

Avarage Pillar Stress

Wo 4
H 400
Wt 3.5
Wt 4
Wp = W
Lp = Wbp
γ 0.021
 Sandstone Siltstone Claystone

6 6 6
2.362 2.362 2.362
5.3172831409 5.3172831409 5.3172831409
0.021 0.024 0.026
1.18 0.59 0.37
34.47 27.79 19.25
0.71 0.42 0.34
504.47 505.85 302
0.31 0.33 0.28
5.1 3.79 1.91
739.694 549.694 277.023
510 379 191
4.08 3.032 1.528 1 Pa = 1 1 N/m2
408 303.2 152.8 1 Mpa = 1 1 MN/m2
591.755 439.755 221.618 1 Mpa = 1 N/mm2
189.470 140.802 70.958 1.1142
85212.571 63324.636 31912.943
σ silinder = σ cubical
191 = 191
w/h range F/A = F/A
0,5 - 1,0 d
0,3 - 2,0 0,25 - 4,0 k = σc(D)^0,5 425.750451
1,0 - 3,1 σcube = k/(36)^0,5
1,1 - 3,4
1,0 - 3,1 1m 3.281 ft
0,5 - 2,0 1 ft 0.305 m

m 13.123 ft σv 8.4 Mn/m2

m 1312.336 ft 1218.3 psi
m 11.483 ft
m 13.123 ft

Mn/m3
 0,25 - 0,4

1,00 - 10,00

1,31 - 1,88

1,0 - 3,1

9.486

145.038 psi 20885.434 psf

A silinder = 0,25πD2 28.2735 = A cubical D2

E
969.641079 1136.821 844.8137214223 425.750451

]\

K 279.91
 h 6.562 ft 2 m
S1 k
Source A B w/h range
(psi) (psi)
Holland - Gaddy (1956) 161.607 425.75 1.00 10.00 0.10 0.23
w (ft) 0.66 1.51
S2 (psi) 52.56 79.71
Holland (1964) 3.00 7.00 0.10 0.50
w (ft) 0.66 3.28
S2 (psi) 51.10 114.27
Obert - Duvall (1967) 0.778 0.222 0.25 4.00 0.10 0.15
w (ft) 0.66 0.98
S2 (psi) 129.32 131.11
Salamon - Munro (1967) 425.75 `1,31 1.88 0.10 0.40
w (ft) 0.66 2.62
S2 (psi) 8.44 15.98
Bieniawski (1975) 0.640 0.360 0.50 3.40 0.10 0.20
w (ft) 0.66 1.31
S2 (psi) 109.25 115.06
Sp
800.00
Empirical Formula for barrier pillar
700.00
Source Wp in m ft
Rule of Thumb Method 53.7 176.18
600.00

The Mine Inspector's Method 54.1 177.49 500.00

Pillar strength
400.00

300.00
 500.00

Pillar strength
400.00
The North American Method 34.6101 113.55
300.00

Dunn's Method 61.1738 200.7

200.00

100.00

Pillar Load �_𝑝=[1.1𝐻(�+B)(L+B)]/(wxL) 0.00

0.00 10.00 20.00 30.0
Wo 4m 13.123 ft
H 400 m 1312.34 ft Widt
 0.46 0.69 1.00 1.90 2.80 3.70 4.60 5.50 6.40 7.30 8.20 9.10 10.00
3.02 4.53 6.56 12.47 18.37 24.28 30.19 36.09 42.00 47.90 53.81 59.71 65.62
112.72 138.06 166.20 229.09 278.11 319.70 356.46 389.78 420.46 449.05 475.93 501.37 525.58
1.00 2.00 3.00 3.40 3.80 4.20 4.60 5.00 5.40 5.80 6.20 6.60 7.00
6.56 13.12 19.69 22.31 24.94 27.56 30.19 32.81 35.43 38.06 40.68 43.31 45.93
161.61 228.55 279.91 297.99 315.03 331.20 346.61 361.36 375.54 389.20 402.40 415.18 427.57
0.20 0.25 0.30 0.47 0.64 0.81 0.98 1.15 1.32 1.49 1.66 1.83 2.00
1.31 1.64 1.97 3.08 4.20 5.32 6.43 7.55 8.66 9.78 10.89 12.01 13.12
132.91 134.70 136.49 142.59 148.69 154.79 160.89 166.99 173.09 179.19 185.29 191.38 197.48
0.70 1.00 1.31 1.37 1.42 1.48 1.54 1.60 1.65 1.71 1.77 1.82 1.88
4.59 6.56 8.60 8.97 9.34 9.72 10.09 10.47 10.84 11.21 11.59 11.96 12.34
20.67 24.35 27.57 28.12 28.65 29.18 29.69 30.19 30.68 31.16 31.64 32.10 32.56
0.30 0.40 0.50 0.79 1.08 1.37 1.66 1.95 2.24 2.53 2.82 3.11 3.40
1.97 2.62 3.28 5.18 7.09 8.99 10.89 12.80 14.70 16.60 18.50 20.41 22.31
120.88 126.70 132.52 149.39 166.26 183.13 200.00 216.88 233.75 250.62 267.49 284.36 301.24

Holland-Gaddy Formula
Holland
Obert-Duvall
Salamon-Munro
Bieniawski
 Holland-Gaddy Formula
Holland
Obert-Duvall
Salamon-Munro
Bieniawski

0.00 10.00 20.00 30.00 40.00 50.00 60.00 70.00

Width Pillar
 7.40
48.56
439.62
3.00
19.69
233.36
2.45
16.08
36.78
4.30
28.22
353.60
 h 6.562
S1 k
Source A
(psi) (psi)
Holland - Gaddy (1956) 161.607 969.64
w (ft)
S2 (psi)
Sp
SF
Holland (1964)
w (ft)
S2 (psi)
Sp
SF
Obert - Duvall (1967) 0.778
w (ft)
S2 (psi)
Sp
SF
Salamon - Munro (1967)
w (ft)
S2 (psi)
Sp
SF
Bieniawski (1975) 0.640
w (ft)
S2 (psi)
Sp
SF

Empirical Formula for barrier pillar

Source Wp in m ft
Rule of Thumb Method 53.7 176.18

The Mine Inspector's Method 54.1 177.49

The North American Method 34.6101 113.55

Dunn's Method 61.1738 200.7

 Pillar Load �_𝑝=[1.1𝐻(�+B)(L+B)]/(wxL)
Wo 4m 13.123
Wt 3.5 m 11.483
Wt 4m 13.123
Wp = W
Lp = Wbp
γ 0.021 Mn/m3
σv 8.4 Mn/m2
1218 psi

H 400 m 1312.34
wo = wc 3.5 m 11.48
w =wp
Lp 61.17 m 200
 ft 2 m

B w/h range

1.00 10.00
80.00 100.00 120.00 140.00
1321.66 1477.66 1618.70 1748.39
1745.47 1701.66 1672.46 1651.60
0.76 0.87 0.97 1.06
3.00 7.00
80.00 100.00 120.00 140.00
564.27 630.87 691.09 746.46
1745.47 1701.66 1672.46 1651.60
0.32 0.37 0.41 0.45
0.222 0.25 4.00
80.00 100.00 120.00 140.00
563.12 672.46 781.81 891.16
1745.47 1701.66 1672.46 1651.60
0.32 0.40 0.47 0.54
`1,31 1.88
80.00 100.00 120.00 140.00
175.23 194.17 211.16 226.68
1745.47 1701.66 1672.46 1651.60
0.10 0.11 0.13 0.14
0.360 0.50 3.40
80.00 100.00 120.00 140.00
812.71 990.02 1167.34 1344.66
1745.47 1701.66 1672.46 1651.60
0.47 0.58 0.70 0.81

Widht
2.00
1.80
1.60
1.40
Strength Factor (SF)

1.20
1.00
0.80
0.60
0.40
0.20
0.00
50.00 100.00 150.00 200.00
Width pillar
 0.60

St
0.40
0.20
0.00
50.00 100.00 150.00 200.00
Width pillar

ft
ft
ft

e 1663.566821
ft 0.794473697
ft

ft
 160.00 180.00 200.00 220.00 240.00 260.00
1869.11 1982.49 2089.73 2191.73 2289.18 2382.66
1635.95 1623.78 1614.05 1606.08 1599.44 1593.83
1.14 1.22 1.29 1.36 1.43 1.49

160.00 180.00 200.00 220.00 240.00 260.00

798.00 846.40 892.19 935.74 977.34 1017.25
1635.95 1623.78 1614.05 1606.08 1599.44 1593.83
0.49 0.52 0.55 0.58 0.61 0.64

160.00 180.00 200.00 220.00 240.00 260.00

1000.51 1109.85 1219.20 1328.55 1437.89 1547.24
1635.95 1623.78 1614.05 1606.08 1599.44 1593.83
0.61 0.68 0.76 0.83 0.90 0.97

160.00 180.00 200.00 220.00 240.00 260.00

241.04 254.46 267.09 279.06 290.46 301.35
1635.95 1623.78 1614.05 1606.08 1599.44 1593.83
0.15 0.16 0.17 0.17 0.18 0.19

160.00 180.00 200.00 220.00 240.00 260.00

1521.98 1699.30 1876.62 2053.94 2231.26 2408.58
1635.95 1623.78 1614.05 1606.08 1599.44 1593.83
0.93 1.05 1.16 1.28 1.40 1.51

Widht Vs SF
Lp = 200 f
h = 6,56 f

Holland-Gaddy
Obert-Duvall
Holland
Salamon-Munro
Bieniawski

100.00 150.00 200.00 250.00 300.00 350.00

Width pillar
 Bieniawski

100.00 150.00 200.00 250.00 300.00 350.00

Width pillar
280.00 300.00
2472.60 2559.38
1589.01 1584.84
1.56 1.61

280.00 300.00
1055.65 1092.70
1589.01 1584.84
0.66 0.69

280.00 300.00
1656.59 1765.93
1589.01 1584.84
1.04 1.11

280.00 300.00
311.80 321.86
1589.01 1584.84
0.20 0.20

280.00 300.00
2585.90 2763.22
1589.01 1584.84
1.63 1.74
 h 6.562 ft
S1 k
Source A B
(psi) (psi)
Holland - Gaddy (1956) 161.607 969.64
w (ft)
S2 (psi)
Sp
SF
Holland (1964)
w (ft)
S2 (psi)
Sp
SF
Obert - Duvall (1967) 0.778 0.222
w (ft)
S2 (psi)
Sp
SF
Salamon - Munro (1967) 425.75
w (ft)
S2 (psi)
Sp
SF
Bieniawski (1975) 0.640 0.360
w (ft)
S2 (psi)
Sp
SF

Empirical Formula for barrier pillar

Source Wp in m ft
Rule of Thumb Method 53.7 176.18

The Mine Inspector's Method 54.1 177.49

The North American Method 34.6101 113.55

 Dunn's Method 61.1738 200.7

Pillar Load �_𝑝=[1.1𝐻(�+B)(L+B)]/(wxL)

Wo 4m 13.123 ft
Wt 3.5 m 11.483 ft
Wt 4m 13.123 ft
Wp = W
Lp = Wbp
γ 0.021 Mn/m3
σv 8.4 Mn/m2
1218 psi

H 400 m 1312.34 ft
wo = wc 3.5 m 11.48 ft
w =wp
Lp 61.17 m 300 ft
 2 m

w/h range

1.00 10.00
80.00 100.00 120.00 140.00 160.00 180.00 200.00
1321.66 1477.66 1618.70 1748.39 1869.11 1982.49 2089.73
1713.89 1670.87 1642.20 1621.71 1606.35 1594.40 1584.84
0.77 0.88 0.99 1.08 1.16 1.24 1.32
3.00 7.00
80.00 100.00 120.00 140.00 160.00 180.00 200.00
564.27 630.87 691.09 746.46 798.00 846.40 892.19
1713.89 1670.87 1642.20 1621.71 1606.35 1594.40 1584.84
0.33 0.38 0.42 0.46 0.50 0.53 0.56
0.25 4.00
80.00 100.00 120.00 140.00 160.00 180.00 200.00
563.12 672.46 781.81 891.16 1000.51 1109.85 1219.20
1713.89 1670.87 1642.20 1621.71 1606.35 1594.40 1584.84
0.33 0.40 0.48 0.55 0.62 0.70 0.77
`1,31 1.88
80.00 100.00 120.00 140.00 160.00 180.00 200.00
175.23 194.17 211.16 226.68 241.04 254.46 267.09
1713.89 1670.87 1642.20 1621.71 1606.35 1594.40 1584.84
0.10 0.12 0.13 0.14 0.15 0.16 0.17
0.50 3.40
80.00 100.00 120.00 140.00 160.00 180.00 200.00
812.71 990.02 1167.34 1344.66 1521.98 1699.30 1876.62
1713.89 1670.87 1642.20 1621.71 1606.35 1594.40 1584.84
0.47 0.59 0.71 0.83 0.95 1.07 1.18

Widht Vs SF
2.00
1.80
1.60
1.40
Strength Factor (SF)

Hollan
1.20
Obert-D
1.00
Hollan
0.80 Salamo
0.60 Bieniaw
0.40
0.20
0.00
50.00 100.00 150.00 200.00 250.00 300.00 350.00
 1.20
Obert-D

Strength Facto
1.00
Hollan
0.80 Salamo
0.60 Bieniaw
0.40
0.20
0.00
50.00 100.00 150.00 200.00 250.00 300.00 350.00
Width pillar

e 1633.4651
0.8091144
 220.00 240.00 260.00 280.00 300.00
2191.73 2289.18 2382.66 2472.60 2559.38
1577.02 1570.50 1564.99 1560.26 1556.16
1.39 1.46 1.52 1.58 1.64

220.00 240.00 260.00 280.00 300.00

935.74 977.34 1017.25 1055.65 1092.70
1577.02 1570.50 1564.99 1560.26 1556.16
0.59 0.62 0.65 0.68 0.70

220.00 240.00 260.00 280.00 300.00

1328.55 1437.89 1547.24 1656.59 1765.93
1577.02 1570.50 1564.99 1560.26 1556.16
0.84 0.92 0.99 1.06 1.13

220.00 240.00 260.00 280.00 300.00

279.06 290.46 301.35 311.80 321.86
1577.02 1570.50 1564.99 1560.26 1556.16
0.18 0.18 0.19 0.20 0.21

220.00 240.00 260.00 280.00 300.00

2053.94 2231.26 2408.58 2585.90 2763.22
1577.02 1570.50 1564.99 1560.26 1556.16
1.30 1.42 1.54 1.66 1.78

Vs SF
Lp = 300 f
h = 6,56 f

Holland-Gaddy
Obert-Duvall
Holland
Salamon-Munro
Bieniawski

0.00 300.00 350.00

 Obert-Duvall
Holland
Salamon-Munro
Bieniawski

0.00 300.00 350.00

 h 6.562
S1 k
Source A
(psi) (psi)
Holland - Gaddy (1956) 161.607 425.75
Holland (1964)
w (ft)
S2 (psi)
σp/σcube
Obert - Duvall (1967) 0.778
w (ft)
S2 (psi)
σp/σcube
Bieniawski (1975) 0.640
w (ft)
S2 (psi)
σp/σcube

Empirical Formula for barrier pillar

Source Wp in m ft
Rule of Thumb Method 53.7 176.18

The Mine Inspector's Method 54.1 177.49

The North American Method 34.6101 113.55

Dunn's Method 61.1738 200.7

Pillar Load �_𝑝=[1.1𝐻(�+B)(L+B)]/(wxL)

Wo 4m 13.123
H 400 m 1312.34
Wt 3.5 m 11.483
Wt 4m 13.123
Wp = W
Lp = Wbp
γ 0.021 Mn/m3
σv 8.4 Mn/m2
1218 psi
 ft 2 m

B w/h range

1.00 10.00
3.00 7.00 1.00 2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00 6.00
6.56 13.12 19.69 26.25 32.81 39.37
161.61 228.55 279.91 323.21 361.36 395.85
1.00 1.41 1.73 2.00 2.24 2.45
0.222 0.25 4.00 1.00 2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00 6.00
6.56 13.12 19.69 26.25 32.81 39.37
161.61 197.48 233.36 269.24 305.11 340.99
1.00 1.22 1.44 1.67 1.89 2.11
0.360 0.50 3.40 1.00 2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00 6.00
6.56 13.12 19.69 26.25 32.81 39.37
161.61 219.79 277.96 336.14 394.32 452.50
1.00 1.36 1.72 2.08 2.44 2.80

7.00

6.00

5.00
Normalized Pillar Strength

4.00

3.00

2.00

1.00

0.00
0.00 2.00 4.00 6.00 8.00 10.00 12.00
ft Pillar Witdh-to-Height Rasio (w/h)
ft
ft
ft
 7.00 8.00 9.00 10.00 11.00 12.00 13.00 14.00 15.00
45.93 52.50 59.06 65.62 72.18 78.74 85.31 91.87 98.43
427.57 457.09 484.82 511.05 535.99 559.82 582.68 604.68 625.90
2.65 2.83 3.00 3.16 3.32 3.46 3.61 3.74 3.87
7.00 8.00 9.00 10.00 11.00 12.00 13.00 14.00 15.00
45.93 52.50 59.06 65.62 72.18 78.74 85.31 91.87 98.43
376.87 412.74 448.62 484.50 520.37 556.25 592.13 628.00 663.88
2.33 2.55 2.78 3.00 3.22 3.44 3.66 3.89 4.11
7.00 8.00 9.00 10.00 11.00 12.00 13.00 14.00 15.00
45.93 52.50 59.06 65.62 72.18 78.74 85.31 91.87 98.43
510.68 568.86 627.03 685.21 743.39 801.57 859.75 917.93 976.11
3.16 3.52 3.88 4.24 4.60 4.96 5.32 5.68 6.04

Holland
Obert-Duvall
Bieniawski

8.00 10.00 12.00 14.00

ight Rasio (w/h)
 h 6.562
S1 k
Source A
(psi) (psi)
Holland - Gaddy (1956) 161.607 425.75
Holland (1964)
w (ft)
S2 (psi)
σp/σcube
Obert - Duvall (1967) 0.778
w (ft)
S2 (psi)
σp/σcube
Bieniawski (1975) 0.640
w (ft)
S2 (psi)
σp/σcube

Source w in cm h w/h
PT.BA 6 12 0.5
Greenwald 5.2 8.2 0.6341
13.4 0.3881
Lama 65 164 0.3963
200 0.325
Bieniawski 3.1
 ft 2 m

B w/h range

1.00 10.00
3.00 7.00 1.00 2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00 6.00
6.56 13.12 19.69 26.25 32.81 39.37
161.61 228.55 279.91 323.21 361.36 395.85
1.00 1.41 1.73 2.00 2.24 2.45
0.222 0.25 4.00 1.00 2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00 6.00
6.56 13.12 19.69 26.25 32.81 39.37
161.61 197.48 233.36 269.24 305.11 340.99
1.00 1.22 1.44 1.67 1.89 2.11
0.360 0.50 3.40 1.00 2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00 6.00
6.56 13.12 19.69 26.25 32.81 39.37
161.61 219.79 277.96 336.14 394.32 452.50
1.00 1.36 1.72 2.08 2.44 2.80

σc in Mpa
4.35
Chart Title
23.6 7.00
48
24.5 6.00
17.4
5.00
Normalized Pillar Strength

4.00

3.00

2.00

1.00

0.00
0.00 2.00 4.00 6.00 8.00 10.00 12.00
Pillar Witdh-to-Height Rasio (w/h)
 7.00 8.00 9.00 10.00 11.00 12.00 13.00 14.00 15.00
45.93 52.50 59.06 65.62 72.18 78.74 85.31 91.87 98.43
427.57 457.09 484.82 511.05 535.99 559.82 582.68 604.68 625.90
2.65 2.83 3.00 3.16 3.32 3.46 3.61 3.74 3.87
7.00 8.00 9.00 10.00 11.00 12.00 13.00 14.00 15.00
45.93 52.50 59.06 65.62 72.18 78.74 85.31 91.87 98.43
376.87 412.74 448.62 484.50 520.37 556.25 592.13 628.00 663.88
2.33 2.55 2.78 3.00 3.22 3.44 3.66 3.89 4.11
7.00 8.00 9.00 10.00 11.00 12.00 13.00 14.00 15.00
45.93 52.50 59.06 65.62 72.18 78.74 85.31 91.87 98.43
510.68 568.86 627.03 685.21 743.39 801.57 859.75 917.93 976.11
3.16 3.52 3.88 4.24 4.60 4.96 5.32 5.68 6.04

hart Title

Holland
Obert-Duvall
Bieniawski

8.00 10.00 12.00 14.00

eight Rasio (w/h)
 Scube S
Source
(psi) (MPa)
Bieniawski (1967-1968) 161.607 1.11 0.50 1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50 3.00
w (ft) 1.00 2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00 6.00
σ (Mpa) 2,5+2w/h 3.50 4.50 5.50 6.50 7.50 8.50
σcm (Mpa) 0.51 0.66 0.81 0.95 1.10 1.25
σ/σ1 4.35 0.80 1.03 1.26 1.49 1.72 1.95
Wagner (1972) 0.50 1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50 3.00
w (ft) 1.00 2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00 6.00
σ (Mpa) 7+4w/h 9.00 11.00 13.00 15.00 17.00 19.00
σcm (Mpa) 1.32 1.62 1.91 2.20 2.50 2.79
2.07 2.53 2.99 3.45 3.91 4.37
Heerden (1973) 0.50 1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50 3.00
w (ft) 1.00 2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00 6.00
σ (Mpa) 10+4,2w/h 12.10 14.20 16.30 18.40 20.50 22.60
σcm (Mpa) 1.78 2.09 2.40 2.71 3.01 3.32
2.78 3.26 3.75 4.23 4.71 5.20

35.00

30.00

25.00

Strength, MPa
20.00

15.00

10.00

5.00

0.00
 15.00

Str
10.00

5.00

0.00
0.00 1.00 2.00 3.00 4.00
w/h Ratio
 3.50 4.00 4.50 5.00
7.00 8.00 9.00 10.00
9.50 10.50 11.50 12.50
1.39 1.54 1.69 1.84
2.18 2.41 2.64 2.87
3.50 4.00 4.50 5.00
7.00 8.00 9.00 10.00
21.00 23.00 25.00 27.00
3.09 3.38 3.68 3.97
4.83 5.29 5.75 6.21
3.50 4.00 4.50 5.00
7.00 8.00 9.00 10.00
24.70 26.80 28.90 31.00
3.63 3.94 4.25 4.56
5.68 6.16 6.64 7.13

Heerden Rockmass
Bieniawski (1968)
Wagner (1972)
Heerden (1973)
Bieniawski rockmass
Wagner Rockmass
 Heerden (1973)
Bieniawski rockmass
Wagner Rockmass

3.00 4.00 5.00

/h Ratio
3.28

80

70

60

50
Barrier Width, m

40 Mine Inspesto
Rule of Thumb
The North Ame
30
Dunn's Method

20

10

0
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500
Depth Cover, m
 Mine Inspestor Method
Rule of Thumb Method
The North American Method
Dunn's Method

500
CLAY 0.026
ϒ h 1.95
75
SAND 0.021

21
 CLAY 0.026

41
SILT 0.0236
29
SAND 0.026

25
SILT 0.0236
 8
CLAY 0.026

37
SAND 0.0206
21
SILT 0.0236

17
CLAY 0.026
41
0.0206
SAND
53
SILT
0.0236

15
SAND 0.0206
22
SILT 0.0236
2
CLAY 0.027
2
 Perhitungan Chain Pilar
kedalaman penambangan h
tinggi penambangan H
lebar entri Wo
berat jenis batuan γ
RMR 50
UCS batubara
Konstanta
Konstanta