SDOF systems- a recap

CIVE 405
Instructor: Dr. Budhaditya Hazra

Department of Civil & Environmental

Engineering
 SDOF system
• A single geometrical co-ordinate often
called a degree-of-freedom is adequate to
represent the motion of the system

• A handy approximation for most of the

complex engineering systems

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 SDOF system: A physical model
SYSTEM LUMPED MASS
MODEL

c c

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A mass-spring model

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Spring-mass-damper model

• Inertia force
• Spring force
• Damping force
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 Equation of motion

• Natural frequency

• Damping

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 Writing equation of motion
• Force equilibrium

• Moment equilibrium

• Principal of virtual work

• Lagrange’s equations

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Example: Writing equation of
motion

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Example: Moment equilibrium

Force type Force Moment about O

Inertia
𝐽𝑜 𝜃
Spring-1
𝑘1 𝑎𝜃 (𝑘1 𝑎𝜃)𝑎
Spring-2
𝑘2 𝑙𝜃 (𝑘2 𝑙𝜃)𝑙
Tor spring
𝑘𝑡 𝜃 9
 Example….

ml2 𝑙 2 ml2
𝐽𝑜 = +m( ) =
12 2 3

Equation of motion (∑M = 0 about the pt O)

ml2
θ + k t + k1 a2 + k 2 l2 θ =0
3

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 Free vibration

Assume a solution of the form:

For un-damped case the general solution is :

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 Free vibration…
• The constants A1 & A2 are found using
initial conditions

Complete solution:

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 Damped free vibration
For the under-damped case the general solution is :

Initial conditions:

Complete solution:

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Logarithmic decrement

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Logarithmic decrement

(ζ < 0.3)

Reasonably accurate for most

practical structures 15
 Forced vibration under
harmonic excitation
EQN of motion

Assume the steady state solution :

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 harmonic excitation…..

=>

&
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Amplification factor

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 Applications of harmonic
excitation
• Force transmissibility

• Base motion
(base isolation)
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Forced vibration under arbitrary
excitation

Step load or a constant load

Pulse load
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SDOF system under step input
SDOF system subjected to a step input
Initial conditions

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SDOF system under impulse

Dirac delta function

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SDOF system under impulse

Solution:

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Duhamel Integral

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Frequency response Function
Approach the solution to the equation

using Fourier transforms

Therefore,

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 Frequency response Function
• The quantity

is called frequency response function

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 Frequency & impulse response
function
•
•

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 Frequency & impulse response
function
•

• Then

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